title: Does Injection of Corticosteroid After Arthrocentesis Improve Outcomes of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis? A Randomized Clinical Trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to answer the following clinical question: Among patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA), do those undergoing arthrocentesis and corticosteroid (CS) injection, when compared with those undergoing arthrocentesis alone, have better outcomes in terms of range of motion and clinical symptoms?
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized clinical trial in adult patients with TMJ OA referred to our clinic between May 2012 and September 2013 was implemented. The sample was composed of 24 consecutive patients with TMJ OA treated randomly with either arthrocentesis alone (control group) or arthrocentesis plus CS injection (CS group). The outcome variables were visual analog scale evaluations (ie, masticatory efficiency, joint sounds, and pain complaints), maximal interincisal opening, and mandibular motions. The outcome variables were recorded at baseline and at 12 months postoperatively. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for intergroup comparison. The paired t test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used for intragroup comparisons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample was composed of 32 joints in 24 patients with TMJ OA (15 joints in 12 patients with a mean age of 35.08 ± 14.84 years comprising the control group and 17 joints in 12 adult patients with a mean age of 32.58 ± 9.58 years comprising the CS group). Pain complaints and joint sounds showed statistically significant decreases (P < .01) in both groups, whereas painless interincisal opening showed a statistically significant increase (P < .001) in only the CS group. After estimation of differences between the follow-up and baseline outcomes, the mean change in the primary outcome variables showed no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups (P > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that arthrocentesis plus intra-articular CS injection produced no better outcomes in terms of range of motion and clinical symptoms in patients with TMJ OA, as compared with those undergoing arthrocentesis alone.
authors.affiliation: Specialist, Ministry of Health, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center for Oral and Dental Health, Erzurum, Turkey. Electronic address: drsckilic@yahoo.com.tr.
authors.forename: Songül
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cömert Kiliç
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000328:Adult; D000069237:Arthrocentesis; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D008297:Male; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000628:therapy*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones