title: Designed Er(3+)-singly doped NaYF4 with double excitation bands for simultaneous deep macroscopic and microscopic upconverting bioimaging.
abstract: Simultaneous deep macroscopic imaging and microscopic imaging is in urgent demand, but is challenging to achieve experimentally due to the lack of proper fluorescent probes. Herein, we have designed and successfully synthesized simplex Er(3+)-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with double excitation bands for simultaneous deep macroscopic and microscopic imaging. The material structure and the excitation wavelength of Er(3+)-singly doped UCNPs were further optimized to enhance the upconversion emission efficiency. After optimization, we found that NaYF4:30%Er(3+)@NaYF4:2%Er(3+) could simultaneously achieve efficient two-photon excitation (2PE) macroscopic tissue imaging and three-photon excitation (3PE) deep microscopic when excited by 808 nm continuous wave (CW) and 1480 nm CW lasers, respectively. In vitro cell imaging and in vivo imaging have also been implemented to demonstrate the feasibility and potential of the proposed simplex Er(3+)-doped UCNPs as bioprobe.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, 510006 Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xuanyuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, 510006 Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Baoju
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, 510006 Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ruitao
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, 510006 Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Nana
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, 510006 Guangzhou, China; Department of Electromagnetic Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sailing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, 510006 Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qiuqiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhan
keywords: (160.5690) Rare-earth-doped materials; (170.2520) Fluorescence microscopy; (180.0180) Microscopy; (190.4180) Multiphoton processes