title: The Role of Population-Based Observational Research in Bladder Cancer.
abstract: While clinical trials have led to many advances in the treatment of bladder cancer, important gaps in knowledge persist. Population-based studies have made important contributions to what is known about bladder cancer and can contribute unique insights to practice and policy. In addition to evaluating effectiveness of interventions in routine practice, population-based studies can identify gaps between evidence and practice, and generate knowledge that cannot be gained from clinical trials. In this review we will highlight how population-based research has informed practice, policy, and the research agenda for bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Jason P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Izard
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Booth
keywords: Population-based; bladder; chemotherapy; early; effectiveness; metastatic; muscle invasive; radiation-therapy; surgery; utilization