title: Intrauterine vesicoamniotic shunting for fetal megacystis.
abstract: To examine the outcome of fetuses with megacystis treated with vesicoamniotic shunting (VAS) from 14 weeks onward.
  
  
  
  Retrospective review of all fetuses that received VAS at two centres from 2004 to 2012.
  
  
  
  53 fetuses with megacystis were included in the study. Mean gestational age at diagnosis was 16.4 weeks. Mean gestational age at first shunt placement was 17.8 weeks. The first shunt placement was performed before 16 weeks in 18 (34 %) cases. The mean number of shunts was 1.38. Dislocation occurred in 35 (66 %). TOP was performed in 21 (39.6 %), intrauterine death occurred in two (3.8 %) and spontaneous abortion in three cases (5.7 %). Of the 27 (50.9 %) live births, 17 (32.1 %) infants survived. Normal renal function was present in 10 cases, 4 have compensated renal failure and 3 infants had renal transplantation. Oligohydramnios was significantly associated with non-survival and renal insufficiency. The gestational age at VAS was neither correlated with renal function after birth nor with the survival in our cohort. Conversely, the interval between first shunt placement and delivery was positively correlated with survival and normal renal function. The gestational age at delivery was significantly higher in survivors and those born with normal renal function.
  
  
  
  Despite intervention, the morbidity and mortality of megacystis is still high. We failed to demonstrate that early intervention is associated with an improved rate of normal renal function after birth. Oligohydramnios was the only parameter identifying fetuses with unfavourable outcome, while all other parameters were inconclusive.
authors.affiliation: Division of Fetal Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stadié
authors.affiliation: Division of Fetal Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Strizek
authors.affiliation: Division of Prenatal Medicine and Gynecologic Sonography, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cologne, Kerpenerstr. 34, 50931, Köln, Germany.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gottschalk
authors.affiliation: Division of Fetal Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Geipel
authors.affiliation: Division of Fetal Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gembruch
authors.affiliation: Division of Fetal Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany. christoph.berg@ukb.uni-bonn.de.|Division of Prenatal Medicine and Gynecologic Sonography, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cologne, Kerpenerstr. 34, 50931, Köln, Germany. christoph.berg@ukb.uni-bonn.de.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berg
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D004386:Duodenum / Q000002:abnormalities*; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000002:abnormalities*
keywords: Fetus; Low urinary tract obstruction; Prenatal diagnosis; Shunt; Vesicoamniotic shunting