title: Clinical comparison of the efficiency and security of balloon dilators versus fascial dilators in percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficiency and security of the balloon dilators versus fascial dilators in percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL), We compared the difference of intraoperative and postoperative parameters of patients using these two different methods of expansion and having no significant statistic differences in peroperative parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective analysis of 134 patients undergoing PCNL with upper urinary calculi from January 2012 to January 2014 in Luoyang Central Hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University. These patients meeting the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups: the group of balloon dilators (group A) and the group of fascial dilators (group B). Two groups were compared for success rate of first expansion, clearance of stone, duration of surgery, intraoperative hemorrhage, blood transfusion rate, postoperative hospitalization and the incidence of complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Group A, a total of 91 patients (51 men and 40 women, mean age 51.22±8.96 years, ranged from 28 to 68 years, the calculi maximum diameter from 0.9 to 4.5cm, 28 cases with a history of gravel, mean Body mass index 24.20±2.34, 73 cases with hydronephrosis and 26 cases with underlying diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and the like) undergoing PCNL were retrospectively reviewed. Similarly, In Group B, a total of 43 patients (28 men and 15 women, mean age 49.64±10.62 years, ranged from 15 to 70 years, the calculi maximum diameter from 1.1 to 5.2cm, 18 cases with a history of gravel, mean Body mass index 24.40±2.70, 38 cases with hydronephrosis and 14 cases with underlying diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and the like) undergoing PCNL were retrospectively reviewed. Our results showed that there was a statistically significant better outcome in Group A than in Group B in terms of success rate of first exploration, duration of operation, intraoperative hemorrhage, postoperative hospitalization and the incidence of complications. Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference with respect to clearance of stone and incidence of blood transfusion in the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Balloon dilators had shorter operation time, less bleeding, higher success rate of first expansion, less postoperative complications and shorter postoperative hospitalization than fascial dilators in PCNL.
authors.affiliation: Prof. Lingbo Yang, MD. Department of Urology, Luoyang Central Hospital affliliated to Zhengzhou University, 471000, Luoyang, China.
authors.forename: Lingbo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Prof. Shuaiqi Lu, MM. Department of Urology, Luoyang Central Hospital affliliated to Zhengzhou University, 471000, Luoyang, China.
authors.forename: Shuaiqi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Prof. Xingtao Han, MD Department of Urology, Luoyang Central Hospital affliliated to Zhengzhou University, 471000, Luoyang, China.
authors.forename: Xingtao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Prof. Pengtao Wei, MD. Department of Urology, Luoyang Central Hospital affliliated to Zhengzhou University, 471000, Luoyang, China.
authors.forename: Pengtao
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Dr. Jinhui Yang, MM. Department of Urology, Luoyang Central Hospital affliliated to Zhengzhou University, 471000, Luoyang, China.
authors.forename: Jinhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Dr. Tongtong Hao, MM. Department of Urology, Luoyang Central Hospital affliliated to Zhengzhou University, 471000, Luoyang, China.
authors.forename: Tongtong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hao
keywords: Balloon dilators; Efficiency; Fascial dilators; Security; Upper urinary tract calculi