title: Ictal unilateral blinking is an unreliable lateralizing sign in tuberous sclerosis complex.
abstract: Ictal unilateral blinking is an uncommon but reportedly reliable lateralizing sign, indicating an ipsilateral seizure focus. We aimed to determine its lateralizing utility in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC).
  
  
  
  We reviewed the video-EEGs of 92 children with TSC and drug-resistant epilepsy. Eleven (12%) had seizures with unilateral blinking, of which 10 underwent epilepsy surgery. Lateralization of seizures was inferred from other semiology, ictal scalp EEG and outcome following tuberectomy.
  
  
  
  Seizures manifesting with unilateral blinking were focal motor in four patients, focal motor evolving into epileptic spasms in six, and epileptic spasms with focal features in one. Associated unilateral facial contraction was seen in five patients and arm jerking in four. Lateralized scalp ictal rhythms were seen in seven patients. Following tuberectomies, seven patients are seizure free and two had >90% reduction. Overall lateralization of seizures with unilateral blinking was contralateral in six patients and ipsilateral in four. When unilateral blinking was early in seizures, overall lateralization was more often contralateral (6/7 patients, PPV 85%).
  
  
  
  Ictal unilateral blinking is not infrequent but unreliable in lateralizing seizures in TSC. Unrecognized seizure propagation to contralateral symptomatogenic regions and potentially different mechanisms may account for the variable lateralization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Trupti
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jadhav
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Neurosciences Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Wirginia
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maixner
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Neurosciences Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: simon.harvey@rch.org.au.
authors.forename: A Simon
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Harvey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001767:Blinking / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000069279:Drug Resistant Epilepsy / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014402:Tuberous Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D014741:Video Recording
keywords: Epilepsy surgery; Seizure semiology; Tuberous sclerosis complex; Unilateral blinking