title: Effect of Oestrogen on Altering the Serum and Urinary Levels of Calcium, Phosphate and Magnesium in Hysterectomised Women Compared to Natural Menopausal South Indian Women: A Case Control Study.
abstract: Given the paucity of studies conducted to know the effect of suddenness and earlier onset of endocrinological changes associated with hysterectomy, on the serum and urinary levels of calcium, magnesium and phosphate the present study was conducted to compare the levels of calcium, magnesium and phosphate in serum and urine of hysterectomised and natural menopausal south Indian women. This is a cross-sectional observational study. The study included three groups of 30 healthy premenopausal, 30 early surgical menopausal and 30 natural post menopausal women. Women suffering from any endocrine disease were excluded. Analysis was performed in serum and urine sample. The levels of calcium, magnesium and phosphate in serum and calcium/creatinine, magnesium/creatinine and phosphate/creatinine ratio were estimated in urine by spectrophotometric method. Hysterectomised women (serum calcium: 8.7 ± 0.09 mg/dl; urine calcium/creatinine: 0.16 ± 0.02) have significantly low serum calcium (p < 0.001) and high urinary calcium/creatinine (p = 0.002) ratio and post menopausal women (serum magnesium: 2.1 ± 0.03; serum phosphate: 4.4 ± 0.16; urinary calcium/creatinine: 0.17 ± 0.02; urinary magnesium/creatinine: 0.09 ± 0.01) have significantly high serum magnesium (p = 0.016), serum phosphate (p = 0.043) and high urinary calcium/creatinine (p = 0.002), magnesium/creatinine ratio (p = 0.025) compared to healthy pre menopausal women. Post menopausal women (serum calcium: 9.1 ± 0.08) have significantly high serum calcium and phosphate compared to hysterectomised women (serum phosphate: 3.93 ± 0.11). Hysterectomised women have significantly low serum calcium, oestrogen and high urinary calcium/creatinine ratio compared to healthy premenopausal women and low serum calcium and low serum phosphate compared to natural postmenopausal women. Natural postmenopausal women had low serum oestrogen and high serum magnesium, serum phosphate, urinary calcium creatinine ratio and urinary magnesium creatinine ratio compared to healthy premenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka India.
authors.forename: Yeldose
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sonu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka 575002 India.
authors.forename: S S
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6053-6072
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Avinash
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Raichur Institute of Medical Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka India.
authors.lastname: Sreekantha
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka 575002 India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arun Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka 575002 India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malathi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka 575002 India.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Shivashankara
keywords: Calcium; Magnesium; Oestrogen; Phosphate; Surgical menopause