title: Collective Signal Processing in Cluster Chemotaxis: Roles of Adaptation, Amplification, and Co-attraction in Collective Guidance.
abstract: Single eukaryotic cells commonly sense and follow chemical gradients, performing chemotaxis. Recent experiments and theories, however, show that even when single cells do not chemotax, clusters of cells may, if their interactions are regulated by the chemoattractant. We study this general mechanism of "collective guidance" computationally with models that integrate stochastic dynamics for individual cells with biochemical reactions within the cells, and diffusion of chemical signals between the cells. We show that if clusters of cells use the well-known local excitation, global inhibition (LEGI) mechanism to sense chemoattractant gradients, the speed of the cell cluster becomes non-monotonic in the cluster's size-clusters either larger or smaller than an optimal size will have lower speed. We argue that the cell cluster speed is a crucial readout of how the cluster processes chemotactic signals; both amplification and adaptation will alter the behavior of cluster speed as a function of size. We also show that, contrary to the assumptions of earlier theories, collective guidance does not require persistent cell-cell contacts and strong short range adhesion. If cell-cell adhesion is absent, and the cluster cohesion is instead provided by a co-attraction mechanism, e.g. chemotaxis toward a secreted molecule, collective guidance may still function. However, new behaviors, such as cluster rotation, may also appear in this case. Co-attraction and adaptation allow for collective guidance that is robust to varying chemoattractant concentrations while not requiring strong cell-cell adhesion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Camley
authors.affiliation: Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Juliane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.affiliation: Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America.|Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Wouter-Jan
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Rappel
mesh_terms: D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000502:physiology*; D019295:Computational Biology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D008954:Models, Biological; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002630:Chemotactic Factors