title: The harmonizome: a collection of processed datasets gathered to serve and mine knowledge about genes and proteins.
abstract: Genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics efforts rapidly generate a plethora of data on the activity and levels of biomolecules within mammalian cells. At the same time, curation projects that organize knowledge from the biomedical literature into online databases are expanding. Hence, there is a wealth of information about genes, proteins and their associations, with an urgent need for data integration to achieve better knowledge extraction and data reuse. For this purpose, we developed the Harmonizome: a collection of processed datasets gathered to serve and mine knowledge about genes and proteins from over 70 major online resources. We extracted, abstracted and organized data into ∼72 million functional associations between genes/proteins and their attributes. Such attributes could be physical relationships with other biomolecules, expression in cell lines and tissues, genetic associations with knockout mouse or human phenotypes, or changes in expression after drug treatment. We stored these associations in a relational database along with rich metadata for the genes/proteins, their attributes and the original resources. The freely available Harmonizome web portal provides a graphical user interface, a web service and a mobile app for querying, browsing and downloading all of the collected data. To demonstrate the utility of the Harmonizome, we computed and visualized gene-gene and attribute-attribute similarity networks, and through unsupervised clustering, identified many unexpected relationships by combining pairs of datasets such as the association between kinase perturbations and disease signatures. We also applied supervised machine learning methods to predict novel substrates for kinases, endogenous ligands for G-protein coupled receptors, mouse phenotypes for knockout genes, and classified unannotated transmembrane proteins for likelihood of being ion channels. The Harmonizome is a comprehensive resource of knowledge about genes and proteins, and as such, it enables researchers to discover novel relationships between biological entities, as well as form novel data-driven hypotheses for experimental validation.Database URL: http://amp.pharm.mssm.edu/Harmonizome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center (DCIC), Mount Sinai's Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Rouillard
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center (DCIC), Mount Sinai's Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Gundersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center (DCIC), Mount Sinai's Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Nicolas F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center (DCIC), Mount Sinai's Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Zichen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center (DCIC), Mount Sinai's Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Caroline D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center (DCIC), Mount Sinai's Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center (DCIC), Mount Sinai's Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA avi.maayan@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Avi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ma'ayan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057225:Data Mining / Q000379:methods*; D030561:Databases, Nucleic Acid; D030562:Databases, Protein; D006801:Humans; D000069550:Machine Learning; D051379:Mice