title: Diagnostic Value of the Urine Mucus Test in Childhood Masturbation among Children below 12 Years of Age: A Cross-Sectional Study from Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Childhood masturbation (CM) is considered a variant of normal sexual behavior; however, it is commonly misdiagnosed as epilepsy and movement disorders. As the first study from Iran, we analyzed a large population of infants and children with CM in a case-control study and evaluated the value of mucus in urine analysis as an alternative diagnostic tool for CM.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 623 children referred to the Pediatric Neurology Clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital for an evaluation of seizure or movement disorders were studied between 2008 and 2011. Totally, 359 children were found to have masturbatory behaviors (Group A) and the rest (264) were assigned to Group B. CM was diagnosed by direct observation. Collected data comprised demographic characteristics, clinical and neurodevelopmental examinations, laboratory findings (particularly urine analysis), and electrocardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The age of the children with CM was below 12 years old, and the girl-to-boy ratio was 7:1. Mucus in urine was positive in 357 (99.44%) children in Group A and 22 (8.3%) in Group B (P<0.001). A significant correlation was found between the presence of mucus in urine and masturbatory behaviors (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that the presence of mucus in urine can be used as an alternative laboratory test in children with CM below 12 years old and even in infants (≤24 months old). Further studies are needed to confirm the results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurology, School of Medicine, Teheran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Zarin Keihani
authors.initials: ZK
authors.lastname: Doust
authors.affiliation: Fetal Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mamak
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shariat
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Neda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zabandan
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Aidin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tabrizi
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tehrani
keywords: Childhood masturbation; Mucus; Urine