title: Drug safety evaluation of oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-emtricitabine for pre-exposure prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC) are nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors approved as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Prophylactic TDF-based regimens have been shown to reduce the risk of HIV infection by 74 to 92% among participants with detectable drug levels. Adverse events observed in clinical trials include nausea, elevated creatinine and liver enzymes, and decreased bone mineral density.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article reviews the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and the safety profile of TDF and FTC used as PrEP for HIV infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TDF-FTC can have a large impact in preventing HIV infections among high risk individuals when taken daily. Although TDF-FTC is associated with adverse events, they can be minimized with clinician-guided monitoring.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical Pharmacy , University of California San Francisco School of Pharmacy , San Francisco , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Tracy P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Trang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical Pharmacy , University of California San Francisco School of Pharmacy , San Francisco , CA , USA.|b Department of Family and Community Medicine , University of California San Francisco School of Medicine , San Francisco , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Betty J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: c David Geffen School of Medicine , UCLA , Los Angeles , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Noah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.affiliation: c David Geffen School of Medicine , UCLA , Los Angeles , CA , USA.|d Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Klausner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D000069480:Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D065129:Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis / Q000379:methods*; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000069480:Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: HIV; Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; bone mineral density; creatinine; emtricitabine; pre-exposure prophylaxis; prevention; renal dysfunction; safety