title: Enhancement of light absorption by blood to Nd:YAG laser using PEG-modified gold nanorods.
abstract: On the basis of the principle of selective photothermolysis, laser therapy has been the most effective treatment strategy for Port-wine stains (PWSs) caused by the expansion of dermal capillaries. Neodymium:Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser at 1064 nm wavelength has great potential for deeply buried PWS, although its application is limited because of its weak absorption by blood. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of PEG-modified gold nanorods (NRs) on the blood absorption enhancement for Nd:YAG laser.
  
  
  
  PEG-modified gold nanorods (NRs) were synthesized via the seeded growth method. Then, the effect of PEG-modified gold NRs on blood light absorbance was investigated through adding different concentration of PEG-modified gold NRs to 1 ml of blood at room temperature. Finally, the optical properties of whole mice blood with or without PEG-modified gold NRs under slow heating were investigated.
  
  
  
  The average length and width of PEG-modified gold NRs are 79.5 ± 10.5 and 13.5 ± 0.9 nm, respectively, with the aspect ratio of 5.89, and a strong absorption peak exists at ∼1050 nm in the near-infrared range. A linear correlation between the blood absorbance at 1064 nm and the amount of PEG-modified gold NRs was obtained. The absorbance at 1064 nm increased 17.6, 33.0, 48.3, and 65.4 times when 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 mg of PEG-modified gold NRs was added to 1 ml of blood at room temperature, respectively. After adding 0.8 mg of PEG-modified gold NRs to 1 ml of blood, blood absorbance at 1064 nm at different temperatures increased by an average of 24.0 times. After intravenously injecting PEG-modified gold NRs (0.87 mg/ml) into Sprague-Dawley mice, the blood absorbance at 1064 nm increased from 0.014 to 0.5.
  
  
  
  Our findings suggest that PEG-modified gold NRs injection is an efficient way to enhance light absorption by blood to Nd:YAG laser. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:790-803, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
authors.forename: Linzhuang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China. chenbin@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
authors.forename: Yuze
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
authors.forename: Wenjuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.|Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, 44325-3903.
authors.forename: Guoxiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001769:Blood; D005260:Female; D006046:Gold; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State; D051379:Mice; D043942:Nanotubes; D055620:Optical Phenomena; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols
chemical_list: D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D006046:Gold
keywords: PEG-modified gold nanorods; blood light absorption; light absorption enhancement; port-wine stains