title: Lifitegrast clinical efficacy for treatment of signs and symptoms of dry eye disease across three randomized controlled trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Report efficacy findings from three clinical trials (one phase 2 and two phase 3 [OPUS-1, OPUS-2]) of lifitegrast ophthalmic solution 5.0% for treatment of dry eye disease (DED).
  
  
  METHODS
  Three 84-day, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trials. Adults (≥18 years) with DED were randomized (1:1) to lifitegrast 5.0% or matching placebo. Changes from baseline to day 84 in signs and symptoms of DED were analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Phase 2, pre-specified endpoint: inferior corneal staining score (ICSS; 0-4); OPUS-1, coprimary endpoints: ICSS and visual-related function subscale (0-4 scale); OPUS-2, coprimary endpoints: ICSS and eye dryness score (EDS, VAS; 0-100).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-eight participants were randomized to lifitegrast 5.0% and 58 to placebo in the phase 2 trial; 293 to lifitegrast and 295 to placebo in OPUS-1; 358 to lifitegrast and 360 to placebo in OPUS-2. In participants with mild-to-moderate baseline DED symptomatology, lifitegrast improved ICSS versus placebo in the phase 2 study (treatment effect, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.05-0.65; p = 0.0209) and OPUS-1 (effect, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.10-0.38; p = 0.0007). Among more symptomatic participants (baseline EDS ≥40, recent artificial tear use), lifitegrast improved EDS versus placebo in a post hoc analysis of OPUS-1 (effect, 13.34; 95% CI, 2.35-24.33; nominal p = 0.0178) and in OPUS-2 (effect, 12.61; 95% CI, 8.51-16.70; p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trials were conducted over 12 weeks; efficacy beyond this period was not assessed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Across three trials, lifitegrast improved ICSS in participants with mild-to-moderate baseline symptomatology in two studies, and EDS in participants with moderate-to-severe baseline symptomatology in two studies. Based on the overall findings from these trials, lifitegrast shows promise as a new treatment option for signs and symptoms of DED.
authors.affiliation: a Cincinnati Eye Institute , Cincinnati , OH , USA.
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.affiliation: b Virginia Eye Consultants , Norfolk , VA , USA.
authors.forename: Walter O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Whitley
authors.affiliation: c Sall Research Medical Center , Artesia , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sall
authors.affiliation: d Associated Eye Care , Stillwater , MN , USA.
authors.forename: Stephen S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.affiliation: e Shire , Wayne , PA , USA (at the time of this work).
authors.forename: Aparna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raychaudhuri
authors.affiliation: f Shire , Lexington , MA , USA.
authors.forename: Steven Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: f Shire , Lexington , MA , USA.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shojaei
keywords: Corneal inflammatory disease; DED; Dry eye disease; Dry eye therapy; Eye dryness; Integrin antagonist; Lifitegrast