title: Increased Expression of Herpes Virus-Encoded hsv1-miR-H18 and hsv2-miR-H9-5p in Cancer-Containing Prostate Tissue Compared to That in Benign Prostate Hyperplasia Tissue.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previously, we reported the presence of virus-encoded microRNAs (miRNAs) in the urine of prostate cancer (CaP) patients. In this study, we investigated the expression of two herpes virus-encoded miRNAs in prostate tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 175 tissue samples from noncancerous benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 248 tissue samples from patients with CaP and BPH, and 50 samples from noncancerous surrounding tissues from these same patients were analyzed for the expression of two herpes virus-encoded miRNAs by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunocytochemistry using nanoparticles as molecular beacons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Real-time reverse transcription-PCR results revealed significantly higher expression of hsv1-miR-H18 and hsv2-miRH9- 5p in surrounding noncancerous and CaP tissues than that in BPH tissue (each comparison, P<0.001). Of note, these miRNA were expressed equivalently in the CaP tissues and surrounding noncancerous tissues. Moreover, immunocytochemistry clearly demonstrated a significant enrichment of both hsv1-miR-H18 and hsv2-miR-H9 beacon-labeled cells in CaP and surrounding noncancerous tissue compared to that in BPH tissue (each comparison, P<0.05 for hsv1-miR-H18 and hsv2- miR-H9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that increased expression of hsv1-miR-H18 and hsv2-miR-H95p might be associated with tumorigenesis in the prostate. Further studies will be required to elucidate the role of these miRNAs with respect to CaP and herpes viral infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Seok Joong
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7737-4746
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Pildu
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5602-5376
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Won
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8164-4427
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Helen Ki
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Shinn
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Ye-Hwan
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8676-7119
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Chunri
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Ki
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1894-9869
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Bio Medical Laboratories, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Dongho
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1409-3311
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Chungbuk National University, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Hee
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6088-298X
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Yun-Sok
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3732-9814
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Hwan
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Gyun
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4390-0952
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: NAR Center Inc., Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Min
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6319-0217
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: The Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Stem Cells, BioMedical Research Center, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Heon
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4560-8880
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.affiliation: Medical Genomics Research Center, Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Seon-Kyu
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4176-5187
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Medical Genomics Research Center, Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Seon-Young
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1030-7730
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Tae
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Won Tae
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Ok-Jun
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Kwon
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Nam-Hyung
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: The Section of Urologic Oncology and Dean and Betty Gallo Prostate Cancer Center, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Isaac Yi
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1967-5281
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars- Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.|Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jayoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Jae
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6963-2685
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Yung-Hyun
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1454-3124
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Jong
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Wun-Jae
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8060-8926
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Herpesviridae; MicroRNAs; Prostate Hyperplasia; Prostate Neoplasms