title: Age-Related 1H NMR Characterization of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Newborn and Young Healthy Piglets.
abstract: When it comes to neuroscience, pigs represent an important animal model due to their resemblance with humans' brains for several patterns including anatomy and developmental stages. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a relatively easy-to-collect specimen that can provide important information about neurological health and function, proving its importance as both a diagnostic and biomedical monitoring tool. Consequently, it would be of high scientific interest and value to obtain more standard physiological information regarding its composition and dynamics for both swine pathology and the refinement of experimental protocols. Recently, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy has been applied in order to analyze the metabolomic profile of this biological fluid, and results showed the technique to be highly reproducible and reliable. The aim of the present study was to investigate in both qualitative and quantitative manner the composition of Cerebrospinal Fluid harvested form healthy newborn (5 days old-P5) and young (30-P30 and 50-P50 days old) piglets using 1H NMR Spectroscopy, and to analyze any possible difference in metabolites concentration between age groups, related to age and Blood-Brain-Barrier maturation. On each of the analyzed samples, 30 molecules could be observed above their limit of quantification, accounting for 95-98% of the total area of the spectra. The concentrations of adenine, tyrosine, leucine, valine, 3-hydroxyvalerate, 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate were found to decrease between P05 and P50, while the concentrations of glutamine, creatinine, methanol, trimethylamine and myo-inositol were found to increase. The P05-P30 comparison was also significant for glutamine, creatinine, adenine, tyrosine, leucine, valine, 3-hydroxyisovalerate, 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate, while for the P30-P50 comparison we found significant differences for glutamine, myo-inositol, leucine and trimethylamine. None of these molecules showed at P30 concentrations outside the P05 -P50 range.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9330-979X
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ventrella
authors.affiliation: Centre of Foodomics, Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Laghi
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barone
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elmi
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Noemi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Romagnoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Laura
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bacci
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D005260:Female; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism; D007294:Inositol / Q000378:metabolism; D007930:Leucine / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D008744:Methylamines / Q000378:metabolism; D010421:Pentanoic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D013552:Swine; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D014631:Valerates / Q000378:metabolism; D014633:Valine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008744:Methylamines; D010421:Pentanoic Acids; D014631:Valerates; D005973:Glutamine; C004961:beta-hydroxyisovaleric acid; D014443:Tyrosine; D007294:Inositol; D003404:Creatinine; D007930:Leucine; C038780:n-pentanoic acid; D014633:Valine; D000225:Adenine; C023336:trimethylamine