title: ELISA reader does not interfere by mobile phone radiofrequency radiation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The increasing number of mobile phones can physically cause electromagnetic interference (EMI) in medical environments; can also cause errors in immunoassays in laboratories. The ELISA readers are widely used as a useful diagnostic tool for Enzymun colorimetric assay in medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the ELISA reader could be interfered by the exposure to the 900 MHz cell phones in the laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human serum samples were collected from 14 healthy donors (9 women and 5 men) and each sample was divided into four aliquots and was placed into four batches for the in-vitro quantitative determination of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). During colorimetric reading of the first, second, and third batches, the ELISA reader (Stat Fax 2100, Awareness Technology, Inc., USA) was exposed to 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 W exposure of 900 MHz radiation, respectively. For the forth batch (control group), no radiation was applied. All experiments were performed comparing ELISA read out results of the I, II, and III batches with the control batch, using the Wilcoxon test with criterion level of P = 0.050.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final scores in the exposed batches I, II, and III were not statistically significant relative to the control batch (P > 0.05). The results showed that 900 MHz radiation exposure did not alter the ELISA measured levels of hCG hormone in I (P = 0.219), II (P = 0.909), and III (P = 0.056) batches compared to the control batch.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that ELISA reader does not interfere by mobile phone RF radiation at a closed contact (less than 5 cm distance). However, we recommend that medical institutions discuss these issues in the context of their specific use of technologies and frame a policy that is clear and straightforward to guide staff, patients, and visitors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyyed Mohammad Javad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mortazavi
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Shahid Beheshty University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Baradaran-Ghahfarokhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Abdi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics and Medical Engineering, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Milad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baradaran-Ghahfarokhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics and Medical Engineering, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Medical Students Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Nayyer Sadat
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Mostafavi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
authors.forename: Golshan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mahmoudi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics and Medical Engineering, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Medical Students Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Nafiseh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Berenjkoub
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics and Medical Engineering, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Medical Students Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Akmali
authors.affiliation: Biosensor Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Fahimeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hossein-Beigi
authors.affiliation: Department of Telecommunication Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Ghiasodin Jamshid Kashani, Higher Education Institute, Abyek, Iran.
authors.forename: Vajiheh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Arsang
keywords: ELISA reader; Electromagnetic interference; mobile phone; radiofrequency radiation