title: Impact of Superoxide Dismutase-Gliadin on Radiation-induced Fibrosis: An Experimental Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) has since long been considered as irreversible. Further understanding of its mechanisms has led to trials investigating RIF treatment and prevention. The effect of superoxide dismutase (SOD)-gliadin, an oral form of SOD that resists gastrointestinal inactivation, on RIF treatment was evaluated in this experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 36 Wistar albino mice were randomly distributed into four groups. According to group, 25 Gy radiation or sham-radiation were performed on day 0. Acute and late reactions were recorded. After 6 months, mice were treated with SOD-gliadin, 10,000 units per kg per day, or placebo. SOD-gliadin and placebo treatments were administered daily for 8 days by oral gavage. Later the mice were sacrificed, dissected and histopathologically analyzed. Accumulated hyaline and collagen at the dermis is an indicator of fibrosis. Therefore measurements of the dermal thickness were used to quantify the degree of RIF. Additionally, the morphological changes were analyzed, and the differences reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean and standard deviation for dermal thickness were 0.45±0.09 mm in the sham-irradiated placebo-treated group, 0.51 mm±0.16 mm in the sham-irradiated SOD-gliadin-treated group, 0.92 mm±0.23 mm in the irradiated placebo-treated group and 0.71 mm±0.17 mm in the irradiated SOD-gliadin-treated group. The difference in mean dermal thickness between irradiated placebo-treated and irradiated SOD-gliadin-treated mice was statistically significant (p=0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quality of life while prolonging survival has an increasing importance in patients with cancer. RIF can be a crucial problem after all radiotherapy modalities. SOD-gliadin has advantageous effects on conditions that call for an increased expression of antioxidant enzymes. The results of our study suggest that oral SOD-gliadin may prevent or ameliorate RIF and patients can benefit from the positive effects of SOD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey serapbaskaya@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Serap
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yücel
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bilgehan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Şahin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zeynep
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Güral
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Oncology Institute, Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Vakur
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Olgaç
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Görkem
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aksu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fulya
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ağaoğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Esra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sağlam
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Işik
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aslay
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Emin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Darendeliler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D005903:Gliadin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011833:Radiation Injuries, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D005903:Gliadin; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Radiation-induced fibrosis; radiotherapy late effects; superoxide dismutase