title: Preliminary results on innocuity and immunogenicity of an inactivated vaccine against Peste des petits ruminants.
abstract: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and represents a major threat to small livestock industry. In recent years, outbreaks of PPR have occurred in Turkey and North Africa. In endemic areas, disease prevention is accomplished using live‑attenuated vaccines. However, the use of live vaccines in non‑endemic regions, such as Europe, is not approved by Veterinary Authorities. In these regions inactivated vaccines are then the only viable alternative. In this study an inactivated vaccine (iPPRVac) was formulated with either a water‑in‑oil emulsion (ISA 71 VG) or with delta inulin adjuvant, alone (AFSA1) or combined with a TLR9 agonist oligonucleotide (AFSA2). These formulations were then tested for immunogenicity on rats. The iPPRV formulation with AFSA2 adjuvant induced 100% seroconversion in rats after 2 injections and was subsequently evaluated in goats. Five goats were immunised twice subcutaneously, 36 days apart with iPPRVac + AFSA2. The immunised goats all seroconverted to PPR by day 9 and remained seropositive until the end of the experimental period (133 days). These data indicate that the rat model is useful in predicting vaccine responses in goats and that inactivated vaccine, when formulated with a delta inulin adjuvant, represents a promising alternative to live attenuated vaccines for PPR vaccination campaigns in non‑endemic areas.
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zoopro lattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', Teramo, Italy.
authors.forename: Gaetano Federico
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Ronchi
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Monaco
authors.forename: Mehdi El
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Harrak
authors.forename: Loutfi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chafiqa
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Capista
authors.forename: Grazia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bortone
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orsini
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pinoni
authors.forename: Mariangela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iorio
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Iapaolo
authors.forename: Attilio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pini
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Ventura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology*; D006041:Goats; D000071497:Immunogenicity, Vaccine; D008297:Male; D029021:Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018107:Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus / Q000276:immunology*; D051381:Rats; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014765:Viral Vaccines