title: Short-Term Exposure to Urban Air Pollution and Influences on Placental Vascularization Indexes.
abstract: It has been widely demonstrated that air pollution can affect human health and that certain pollutant gases lead to adverse obstetric outcomes, such as preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction.
  
  
  
  We evaluated the influence of individual maternal exposure to air pollution on placental volume and vascularization evaluated in the first trimester of pregnancy.
  
  
  
  This was a cross-sectional study on low-risk pregnant women living in São Paulo, Brazil. The women carried passive personal NO2and O3monitors in the week preceding evaluation. We employed the virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCAL) technique using three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound to evaluate placental volume and placental vascular indexes [vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascularization flow index (VFI)]. We analyzed the influence of pollutant levels on log-transformed placental vascularization and volume using multiple regression models.
  
  
  
  We evaluated 229 patients. Increased NO2levels had a significant negative association with log of VI (p= 0.020 and beta = -0.153) and VFI (p= 0.024 and beta = -0.151). NO2and O3had no influence on the log of placental volume or FI.
  
  
  
  NO2, an estimator of primary air pollutants, was significantly associated with diminished VI and VFI in the first trimester of pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hettfleisch
authors.forename: Lisandra Stein
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Bernardes
authors.forename: Mariana Azevedo
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Luciana Duzolina Manfré
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Pastro
authors.forename: Sandra Elisabete
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Silvia R D M
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Saldiva
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saldiva
authors.forename: Rossana Pulcineli Vieira
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Francisco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001938:Brazil; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D010126:Ozone / Q000032:analysis; D010920:Placenta / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000502:physiology; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D010126:Ozone; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide