title: Depression and Associated Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of major depressive disorder and its association with socio-demographic and clinical factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who attended the hospital-based primary care clinics at the University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The patients were interviewed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview to diagnose depression based on the DSM-IV criteria. The socio-demographic and clinical data were obtained by interviewing the patients and subsequently verified against their respective case notes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 204 patients were recruited. The prevalence of major depressive disorder was 15.7%. Major depressive disorder was significantly associated with younger age of patients (mean ± standard deviation, 57.8 ± 15.1 years, p = 0.04), younger age at diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (46.2 ± 13.0 years, p = 0.01), having secondary education (p = 0.02), and having a history of depression (p = 0.002). Multivariate analysis showed that current age (p = 0.04), duration of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.04), age at diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.01), and secondary education (p = 0.01) were significant factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of major depressive disorder was high among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Screening of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus for depression should be performed periodically or routinely, especially in the primary care setting.
authors.affiliation: Psychological & Behavioural Medicine Unit, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Hashim
authors.affiliation: Psychological & Behavioural Medicine Unit, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ariaratnam
authors.affiliation: Psychological & Behavioural Medicine Unit, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Salleh
authors.affiliation: Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine.|University of Malaya Centre for Addiction Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Said
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Sulaiman
mesh_terms: D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: Depressive disorder, major; Diabetes mellitus; Malaysia; Prevalence; Socioeconomic factors