title: Exercise and Prostate Cancer: Evidence and Proposed Mechanisms for Disease Modification.
abstract: Exercise has many potential benefits in relation to cancer. Apart from primary prevention, these include improvement of nonspecific cancer-related symptoms, amelioration of symptoms and cardiovascular risk factors related to cancer treatment, and improvements in various quality-of-life-related factors. Increasing evidence also points toward improved cancer-free and overall survival in cancer patients who undertake regular exercise, findings which should encourage further research in this area. Obesity is known to be associated with a proinflammatory, prothrombotic humoral milieu, which may promote aggressiveness in prostate cancer through interactions with NK-cell-mediated killing of circulating tumor cells, through platelet-circulating tumor cell interactions, and through alterations in adipokine and myokine profile among others. Physical activity reduces levels of systemic inflammatory mediators and so exercise may represent an accessible and cost-effective means of ameliorating the proinflammatory effects of obesity in cancer patients. This review outlines the evidence for the benefits of exercise in these patients, focusing on prostate cancer, and delineates current theories of the underlying biological mechanisms. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(9); 1281-8. ©2016 AACR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histopathology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland. Department of Histopathology & Morbid Anatomy, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. hayesb3@tcd.ie.
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.affiliation: Department of Histopathology & Morbid Anatomy, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brady
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pollak
authors.affiliation: Department of Histopathology & Morbid Anatomy, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. Department of Histopathology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Finn
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000502:physiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines