title: Prediction of RF-EMF exposure levels in large outdoor areas through car-mounted measurements on the enveloping roads.
abstract: Knowledge of spatial and temporal trends in the environmental exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) is a key prerequisite for RF-EMF risk assessment studies attempting to establish a link between RF-EMF and potential effects on human health as well as on fauna and flora. In this paper, we determined the validity of RF exposure modelling based on inner-area kriging interpolation of measurements on the surrounding streets. The results vary depending on area size and shape and structural factors; a Spearman coefficient of 0.8 and a relative error of less than 3.5dB are achieved on a data set featuring a closed measurement ring around a decently sized area (1km(2), with an average minimum distance of the encircled area to the ring of less than 100m), containing mainly low, detached buildings. In larger areas, additional inner-area sampling is advised, lowering the average minimum distance between sampled and interpolated locations to 100m, to achieve the same level of accuracy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/iMinds, iGent, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 15, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: sam.aerts@intec.ugent.be.
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aerts
authors.affiliation: Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/iMinds, iGent, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 15, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Wout
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.affiliation: Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Myron
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maslanyj
authors.affiliation: Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Darren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Addison
authors.affiliation: Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mee
authors.affiliation: Radiocommunications Agency Netherlands, Piet Mondriaanlaan 54, 3812GV Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Loek
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Colussi
authors.affiliation: Radiocommunications Agency Netherlands, Piet Mondriaanlaan 54, 3812GV Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jos
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kamer
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health, National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Faculty of Technology, Innovation and Society, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, Johanna Westerdijkplein 75, 2521 EN Den Haag, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bolte
mesh_terms: D001336:Automobiles; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D004739:England; D009426:Netherlands; D000069079:Radiation Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D011846:Radio Waves; D062206:Spatial Analysis
keywords: Environmental exposure; Epidemiology; Kriging; Mobile measurements; RF-EMF; Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields