title: Inaccuracy of Urine Output Measurements due to Urinary Retention in Catheterized Patients in the Burn ICU.
abstract: Electronic urinary output monitors, intended to provide urine output information to guide fluid therapy during burn resuscitation, can be inaccurate because of airlocks causing urine retention in the drainage tube and bladder. In this study, the authors explore the effects of airlock formation on urine output measured using an electronic urinary output monitor connected to either a standard commercial drainage tubing system or a drainage tubing system with an automated airlock clearing mechanism. In a multicenter study in the burn intensive care unit, urine output was compared between 10 control patients with a standard commercial drainage tubing system and 10 test patients with a novel automated airlock clearing drainage tubing system. The comparison was focused on identifying the number and magnitude of surges in urinary output because of airlocks and associated periods of false oliguria. In the control group, 5 of 10 (50%) patients had drainage line flow impediments from 8 airlocks. In addition, control patients experienced six associated periods of false oliguria. Airlock surge volumes ranged from 50 to 329 ml, and false oliguria duration ranged from 39.4 to 185.2 minutes. In the test group, 0 of 10 (0%) patients had drainage line impediments from airlocks (P < .01), and hence, there were no periods of false oliguria. Airlocks and associated periods of false oliguria occur with standard commercial drainage tubing and are eliminated using an automated airlock clearing drainage tube. Electronic urinary output monitoring with self-clearing drainage has the potential to improve tracking of real-time urine output and decrease caregiver workload.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; †Potrero Medical, Inc., San Francisco, California; and ‡Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Augusta, Joseph M. Still Burn Center, Doctors Hospital, Augusta, Georgia.
authors.forename: George C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Evan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Luxon
authors.forename: Jordan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Burnett
authors.forename: Devyani
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nanduri
authors.forename: Bruce C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Friedman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002053:Burn Units; D002056:Burns / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009846:Oliguria / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D014556:Urine