title: Lignosulfonic acid promotes hypertrophy in 3T3-L1 cells without increasing lipid content and increases their 2-deoxyglucose uptake.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adipose tissue plays a key role in the development of obesity and diabetes. We previously reported that lignosulfonic acid suppresses the rise in blood glucose levels through the inhibition of α-glucosidase activity and intestinal glucose absorption. The purpose of this study is to examine further biological activities of lignosulfonic acid.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we examined the effect of lignosulfonic acid on differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While lignosulfonic acid inhibited proliferation (mitotic clonal expansion) after induction of differentiation, lignosulfonic acid significantly increased the size of accumulated lipid droplets in the cells. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that lignosulfonic acid increased the expression of the adipogenic transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), leading to increased glucose transporter 4 (Glut-4) expression and 2-deoxyglucose uptake in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Additionally, feeding lignosulfonic acid to diabetic KK-Ay mice suppressed increase of blood glucose level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lignosulfonic acid may be useful as a functional anti-diabetic component of food.
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Technology, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran 050-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Technology, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran 050-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Erina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Technology, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran 050-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukiya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kadota
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Technology, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran 050-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawaminami
keywords: 3T3-L1; Adipogenesis; Diabetes; Dietary Fiber; Glucose Uptake; Lignosulfonic Acid