title: Effects of Heavy Drinking on T-Cell Phenotypes Consistent with Immunosenescence in Untreated HIV Infection.
abstract: The role of alcohol consumption in HIV-related adaptive immune dysfunction is debated. We hypothesized that heavy drinking would be associated with greater evidence of immunosenescence (i.e., aging-related decline of adaptive immune function) among antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve HIV-infected individuals.
  
  
  
  Using data from the Russia ARCH cohort study, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of ART-naïve HIV-infected individuals recruited between 2012 and 2014.
  
  
  
  Heavy drinking defined as >4 standard drinks in a day (or >14 standard drinks per week) for men and >3 per day (or >7 per week) for women, respectively.
  
  
  
  Percentage of CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells with a phenotype consistent with immunosenescence (i.e., expressing CD28- CD57+, or memory [CD45RO+ CD45RA+] phenotype and not the naïve [CD45RO- CD45RA+] phenotype).
  
  
  
  Multiple linear regression adjusted for confounders.
  
  
  
  Of 214 eligible participants, 61% were heavy drinkers. Mean age was 33 years and the cohort was predominantly male (72%). Hepatitis C prevalence was high (87%) and mean log10 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml was 4.6. We found no significant differences by drinking status in the percentage of immunosenescent, memory, or naïve CD8+ or CD4+ T-cells.
  
  
  
  In this cross-sectional analysis, heavy drinking in the setting of untreated HIV infection did not appear to be associated with alterations in T-cell phenotypes consistent with immunosenescence. To substantiate these findings, longitudinal studies should assess whether changes in alcohol consumption are associated with changes in these and other immunosenescent T-cell phenotypes.
authors.affiliation: Boston University School of Medicine/Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Kaku A
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1505-6384
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: So-Armah
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: E Jennifer
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Edelman
authors.affiliation: Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Debbie M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.
authors.forename: Margaret F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.affiliation: Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Patts
authors.affiliation: Boston University School of Medicine/Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gnatienko
authors.affiliation: St.-Petersburg Bekhterev Research Psychoneurological Institute, Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Evgeny M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Krupitsky
authors.affiliation: Boston University School of Medicine/Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Jeffrey H
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0897-3400
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Samet
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Freiberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D000068884:Immunosenescence / Q000276:immunology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D012426:Russia / Q000453:epidemiology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
keywords: HIV; Heavy Drinking; Immunosenescence; Russia; T-Cell