title: Family Presence During Resuscitation: Impact of Online Learning on Nurses' Perception and Self-confidence.
abstract: Family presence during resuscitation (FPDR) is supported by patients and their family members. Nurses, however, including critical care nurses who frequently implement resuscitative care, have mixed views.
  
  
  
  To determine the impact of online learning on critical care nurses' perception of and self-confidence with FPDR.
  
  
  
  A 2-group, random assignment, pretest and posttest quasi-experimental study was conducted with critical care nurses recruited nationally. An online learning module on FPDR was developed and administered to the intervention group. Perceptions and self-confidence for FPDR were measured by using the Family Presence Risk- Benefit Scale (FPR-BS) and the Family Presence Self-confidence Scale (FPS-CS). Two-factor, mixed-model factorial analysis of variance was used to compare mean scores.
  
  
  
  A total of 74 critical care nurses participated in the study. Mean FPR-BS and FPS-CS scores were significantly greater in the intervention group than in the control group. For the intervention group, mean scores on the FPR-BS increased from 3.63 to 4.07 (P < .001) and on the FPS-CS increased from 4.24 to 4.57 (P < .001), signifying improved perception and self-confidence. Scores did not change significantly in the control group: mean FPR-BS score increased from 3.82 to 3.88 (P = .23) and the mean FPS-CS score of 4.40 did not change (P > .99).
  
  
  
  Online learning is a feasible and effective method for educating large numbers of critical care nurses about FPDR. Online learning can improve perceptions and self-confidence related to FPDR, which may promote more widespread adoption of FPDR into practice.
authors.affiliation: Kelly A. Powers is an assistant professor, School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina. Lori Candela is an associate professor, School of Nursing, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada. kpower15@uncc.edu.
authors.forename: Kelly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.affiliation: Kelly A. Powers is an assistant professor, School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina. Lori Candela is an associate professor, School of Nursing, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada.
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Candela
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D064648:Critical Care Nursing / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods; D020375:Education, Distance; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000523:psychology*; D012649:Self Concept; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014789:Visitors to Patients / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult