title: Anti-interleukin-33 Reduces Ovalbumin-Induced Nephrotoxicity and Expression of Kidney Injury Molecule-1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of anti-interleukin-33 (anti-IL-33) on a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four female BALB/c mice were assigned to 4 groups: group A (control, n=6) was administered sterile saline intraperitoneally (i.p.) and intranasally (i.n.); group B (allergic, n=6) was administered i.p./i.n. OVA challenge; group C (null treatment, n=6) was administered control IgG i.p. before OVA challenge; and group D (anti-IL-33, n=6) was pretreated with 3.6 µg of anti-IL-33 i.p. before every OVA challenge. The following were evaluated after sacrifice: serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, Kidney injury molecule-1 gene (Kim-1) and protein (KIM-1) expression in renal parenchyma, and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), phosphorylated endothelial NOS (p-eNOS), and phosphorylated AMP kinase (p-AMPK) proteins in renal parenchyma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After OVA injection and intranasal challenge, mice in groups B and C showed significant increases in the expression of Kim-1 at both the mRNA and protein levels. After anti-IL-33 treatment, mice in group D showed significant Kim-1 down-regulation at the mRNA and protein levels. Group D also showed significantly lower COX-2 protein expression, marginally lesser iNOS expression than groups B and C, and p-eNOS and p-AMPK expression at baseline levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kim-1 could be a useful marker for detecting early-stage renal injury in mouse models of OVA-induced AKI. Further, anti-IL-33 might have beneficial effects on these mouse models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Hypoxia-Related Disease Research Center, Inha Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Geun Ho
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5413-0885
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Helen Ki
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1703-5501
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Shinn
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Hypoxia-Related Disease Research Center, Inha Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Ju-Hee
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5235-8993
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Won Ju
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1008-2586
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Na
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Hyo
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3623-1770
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Hypoxia-Related Disease Research Center, Inha Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Shin
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6519-2857
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Park
keywords: Acute Kidney Injury; Interleukin-33; Kidney Injury Molecule-1; Ovalbumin