title: Association of metals (Cd, Fe, As, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn) with cigarette butts in northern part of the Persian Gulf.
abstract: Cigarette butts are the most common form of litter in the marine environment and represent potential point sources for environmental contamination. The metals leached from cigarette butts have not been studied well in the marine environment. In this study, the levels of metals (Cd, Fe, As, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn) in cigarette butts were monitored at nine stations along the northern part of the Persian Gulf in Bushehr coastal areas in summer 2015 with a sampling time interval of 10 days. The Cd, Fe, As, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn contents of cigarette butts were found to vary widely between 0.16 and 0.67 μg/g, 79.01 and 244.97 μg/g, 0.12 and 0.48 μg/g, 1.13 and 3.27 μg/g, 4.29 and 12.29 μg/g, 6.39 and 21.17 μg/g, and 38.29 and 123.1 μg/g, respectively. A Wilcoxon signed rank test showed that there were no significant differences between the Cd, Fe, As, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn contents of cigarette butts at different sampling times. Considering the estimated number of cigarette butts littered annually, the results of this study indicated that considerable metals including Cd, Fe, As, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn may enter the marine environment each year from cigarette litter alone.
authors.affiliation: The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Centre, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.|Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.|Systems Environmental Health, Oil, Gas and Energy Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
authors.forename: Sina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dobaradaran
authors.affiliation: The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
authors.forename: Iraj
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nabipour
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, Safety and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saeedi
authors.affiliation: The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
authors.forename: Afshin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ostovar
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khorsand
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
authors.forename: Nahid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khajeahmadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hayati
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
authors.forename: Mozhgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keshtkar
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis*; D019156:Indian Ocean; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D062789:Tobacco Products / Q000032:analysis*; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: Environment; Surveillance and monitoring; Toxicology