title: Intraosseous generation of heat during guided surgical drilling: an ex vivo study of the effect of the temperature of the irrigating fluid.
abstract: We measured the rise in the intraosseous temperature caused by freehand drilling or drilling through a surgical guide, by comparing different temperatures of irrigation fluid (10°C, 15°C, and 20°C), for every step of the drilling sequence (diameters 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5mm) and using a constant drilling speed of 1200rpm. The axial load was controlled at 2.0kg. Bovine ribs were used as test models. In the guided group we used 3-dimensional printed surgical guides and temperature was measured with a thermocouple. The significance of differences was assessed with the Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance. Guided drilling with 10°C irrigation yielded a significantly lower increment in temperature than the 20°C-guided group. When compared with the 20°C freehand group, the reduction in temperature in the 10°C guided group was significantly more pronounced at all diameters except 3.5mm. Finally, when the 10°C-guided group was compared with the 15°C groups, the temperature rise was significantly less at 2.5 and 3.0mm than with the guided technique, and at 3.0mm compared with the freehand technique. We suggest that the use of 10°C pre-cooled irrigation fluid is superior to warmer fluid for keeping temperature down, and this reduces the difference between guided and freehand drilling.
authors.affiliation: University of Szeged, Department of Traumatology, Semmelweis u. 6., Szeged, H-6725, Hungary. Electronic address: boa.kristof@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kristof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boa
authors.affiliation: University of Szeged, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kalvaria sgt. 57., Szeged, H-6725, Hungary. Electronic address: barrakibrahim@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Barrak
authors.affiliation: DicomLAB Kft., Pulz u. 46/B., Szeged, H-6724, Hungary.
authors.forename: Endre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.affiliation: Semmelweis University, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Maria u. 52., District VIII., Budapest., H-1085, Hungary.
authors.forename: Arpad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Joob-Fancsaly
authors.affiliation: University of Szeged, Department of Traumatology, Semmelweis u. 6., Szeged, H-6725, Hungary.
authors.forename: Endre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.affiliation: DicomLAB Kft., Pulz u. 46/B., Szeged, H-6724, Hungary.
authors.forename: Jozsef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Piffko
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D006358:Hot Temperature; D012272:Ribs; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative; D013696:Temperature; D013821:Thermometers
keywords: Bone drilling; Drilling guide; Guided surgery; Implants; Irrigation fluid; Temperature