title: Acute LED irradiation does not change the anaerobic capacity and time to exhaustion during a high-intensity running effort: a double-blind, crossover, and placebo-controlled study : Effects of LED irradiation on anaerobic capacity and performance in running.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of photobiomodulation therapy using cluster light-emitting diodes (LEDT; 104 diodes) (wavelength 660 and 850 nm; energy density 1.5 and 4.5 J/cm(2); energy 60 J at each point; total energy delivered 600 J) on alternative maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAODALT) and time to exhaustion, during a high-intensity running effort. Fifteen moderately active and healthy males (age 25.1 ± 4.4 years) underwent a graded exercise test and two supramaximal exhaustive efforts at 115 % of the intensity associated with maximal oxygen uptake performed after acute LEDT or placebo irradiation in a double-blind, crossover, and placebo-controlled study design. The MAODALT was assumed as the sum of both oxygen equivalents estimated from the glycolytic and phosphagen metabolism pathways during each supramaximal effort. For the statistical analysis, a paired t test was used to determine differences between the treatments. The significance level was assumed as 95 %. In addition, a qualitative analysis was used to determine the magnitude of differences between groups. No significant differences were found for the values of oxygen equivalents from each energetic metabolism (P ≥ 0.28), for MAODALT values between the LEDT and placebo conditions (P ≥ 0.27), or for time to exhaustion (P = 0.80), except for the respiratory exchange ratio (P = 0.01). The magnitude-based inference of effect size reported only a possibly negative effect of photobiomodulation on MAODALT when expressed in units relative to body mass and on the glycolysis pathway (26 %). In summary, LEDT after a high-intensity running effort did not alter the MAODALT, metabolic energy pathways, or high-intensity running performance.
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.|Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physical Education, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elvis De Souza
authors.initials: Ede S
authors.lastname: Malta
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.|Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physical Education, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Araujo Bonetti
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: De Poli
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.|Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physical Education, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriel Motta Pinheiro
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Brisola
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.|Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physical Education, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Milioni
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.|Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physical Education, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Willian Eiji
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Miyagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringá, Avenue Colombo, 5790, 87.020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiana Andrade
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil. azagatto@yahoo.com.br.|Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physical Education, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Bauru, SP, Brazil. azagatto@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Alessandro Moura
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Zagatto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010919:Placebos; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos
keywords: Anaerobic capacity; LED therapy; Maximal accumulated oxygen deficit; Photobiomodulation therapy