title: Pediatric sialoblastoma: Evaluation and management.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sialoblastoma is a rare congenital salivary gland tumor of epithelial origin. The objectives of this study are to review the literature regarding clinical presentation of sialoblastoma, evaluate the effectiveness of various treatment methods, and present guidelines for evaluation and management in the pediatric population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case presentation and literature review.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive search was conducted to identify cases of pediatric sialoblastoma in the English-language literature. The presentation, evaluation, and management of reported cases were analyzed. We also report an invasive and recurrent case in a pediatric patient to highlight the aggressive nature of these lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-two cases of pediatric sialoblastoma were reviewed. The age at initial presentation ranged from before birth to 15 years. The parotid gland was the most common location (n = 47). Surgical excision was the primary treatment in all patients. Nine patients developed metastatic disease of the lung, lymph nodes, or bone. Almost a third of patients had recurrence and over two thirds of patients were tumor-free for at least 1 year following their last treatment intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prompt and complete surgical excision should be recommended to prevent local and systemic recurrence of pediatric sialoblastoma. Chemotherapy has also shown promise in several cases, and clinical genomics may shed light on more therapy options. Patients should be closely followed for at least 12 months following diagnosis, or longer depending on the histopathological staging of the tumor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Alexandria L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Irace
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Otolaryngology, Harvard School of Medicine, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Eelam A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Adil
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Natasha M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Archer
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Victoria M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Silvera
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perez-Atayde
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Otolaryngology, Harvard School of Medicine, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: Reza.rahbar@childrens.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rahbar
mesh_terms: D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D010307:Parotid Neoplasms / Q000151:congenital / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Congenital basal cell adenoma; Congenital hybrid basal cell adenoma-adenoid cystic carcinoma; Parotid neoplasm; Pediatric sialoblastoma; Salivary embryoma; Salivary gland tumor