title: Quality of life and probable psychological distress among male workers at a construction site, Kolar district, Karnataka, India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The construction industry, which mainly consists of migrant labouers is one of the largest employers in the unorganized sector in India. These workers work in poor conditions and are often vulnerable to exploitation. These workers also do not have health care benefits and often these factors lead to poor quality of life (QOL) and psychological distress.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the QOL, probable psychological distress and associated factors among male construction workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2013 and November 2013 among 404 male workers. These construction workers were enrolled by consecutive sampling at a construction area in Kolar district, Kaarnataka, India. The study tools used were World Health Organization (WHO) QOL-BREF and 12-Item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) to assess QOL and probable psychological distress, respectively. The transformed scores in WHO QOL-BREF in all four domains ranged 0-100. The four domain scores are scaled in a positive direction with higher scores indicating a higher QOL. Associations were done using statistical tests such as Chi-square, correlation, regression, independent samples t-test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 404 male workers with a mean age of 25.6 ± 7.3 years were studied. Mean scores of various domains of QOL were 68.5 ± 13.7 (physical), 59.9 ± 13.5 (psychological), 64.3 ± 16.4 (social), and 44.1 ± 12.8 (environmental). On the self- rating scale, 59 (14.6%) workers were rated as having poor QOL. The prevalence of probable psychological distress was 27.5%. Factors such as increasing age, being currently married, and low educational status were found to be significantly associated (P < 0.05) with poor QOL and psychological distress. There was a significant negative correlation (P < 0.05) between QOL and psychological distress and a positive correlation between income and QOL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The QOL in the environmental domain, which mainly deals with living conditions, health, and recreational facilities was found to be poor and there was a high prevalence of probable psychological distress among workers. This indicates a need for improving workplace amenities, and access to health and recreational facilities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Believers Church Medical College Hospital, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Geethu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mathew
authors.affiliation: St. Johns Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Naveen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ramesh
authors.affiliation: St. Johns Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Deepthi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shanbhag
authors.affiliation: St. Johns Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Ramakrishna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goud
authors.affiliation: St. Johns Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Sharan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.affiliation: St. Johns Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lobo
authors.affiliation: St. Johns Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Xavier
authors.affiliation: St. Johns Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Prudhvi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dasari
keywords: Male construction workers; psychological distress; quality of life