title: Effect of periocular injection of celecoxib and propranolol on ocular level of vascular endothelial growth factor in a diabetic mouse model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of periocular injection of propranolol and celecoxib on ocular levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a diabetic mouse model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty 4-6wk BALB-C male mice weighing 20-25 g were used. The study groups included: non-diabetic control (group 1), diabetic control (group 2), diabetic propranolol (group 3), and diabetic celecoxib (group 4). After induction of type 1 diabetes by streptozotocin, propranolol (10 µg) and celecoxib (200 µg dissolved in carboxymethylcellulose 0.5%) were injected periocularly. The ocular level of VEGF was measured in all the study groups using enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ocular VEGF level was significantly increased (1.25 fold) in the diabetic control group when compared to the non-diabetic group one week after induction with streptozotocin (P=0.002). Both periocular propranolol and celecoxib significantly reduced ocular VEGF levels (P=0.047 and P<0.001, respectively). The effect was more pronounced with celecoxib.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The periocular administration of propranolol and celecoxib can significantly reduce ocular VEGF levels in a diabetic mouse model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Infectious Ophthalmic Research Center, Schoolof Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61357-15794, Khuzestan, Iran.
authors.forename: Saman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nassiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61357-15794, Khuzestan, Iran.
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Houshmand
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Infectious Ophthalmic Research Center, Schoolof Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61357-15794, Khuzestan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feghhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Cellular&Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61357-15794, Khuzestan, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kheirollah
authors.affiliation: Medical Student Research Committee and Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61357-15794, Khuzestan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bahadoram
authors.affiliation: Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90095, California, USA.
authors.forename: Nariman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nassiri
keywords: celecoxib; diabetic mouse model; diabetic retinopathy; neovascularization; propranolol; vascular endothelial growth factor