title: Improvement of Milk Fatty Acid Composition for Production of Functional Milk by Dietary Phytoncide Oil Extracted from Discarded Pine Nut Cones (Pinus koraiensis) in Holstein Dairy Cows.
abstract: This study was conducted to examine the effects of adding phytoncide oil extracted from Korean pine nut cone byproduct to the diet of dairy cows on milk yield and compositions, fatty acid characteristics, complete blood count and stress response. A total of 74 Holstein cows were used for 30 days and divided into two groups. Each group was given a basal diet (C) or an experimental diet containing phytoncide additives at 0.016% (T) in feed. The results showed that phytoncide feeding had no effect on milk yield. In addition, there were no observed effects on milk composition, but the ratio of fatty acid in milk was significantly affected by the phytoncide diet, and it showed a positive effect. Not only were the major functional fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid increased, but also ω6:ω3 fatty acid ratio was reduced in milk of T group (p<0.05). In blood analysis, the complete blood count showed no significant difference between C and T group on all parameters. However, the cortisol concentration was significantly decreased in T group compared to control (p<0.05). Taken together, we suggest that phytoncide oil does not have a great influence on the physiological changes, but can be a potential feed additive that improves the milk fatty acid and stress resilience in dairy cows. In addition, it will contribute to the development of feed resource, a reduction in feed cost and a lessening of environmental pollution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
authors.forename: Min Jeong
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
authors.forename: U Suk
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Team of An Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Team of An Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
authors.forename: Won Seob
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Green Filed EM Bio Feed Co., Ltd., Yangsan 50565, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Bum
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Green Filed EM Bio Feed Co., Ltd., Yangsan 50565, Korea.
authors.forename: Youn Chil
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: PHYLUS Co., Ltd., Danyang 27000, Korea.
authors.forename: Bae Young
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin 130118, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Team of An Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
authors.forename: Hong Gu
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: Dairy Cow; Fatty Acids; Feed Additive; Milk; Phytoncide Oil