title: Toxicity of Secondary Metabolites from Meliaceae Against Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
abstract: The study was carried out to evaluate the bioactivity of secondary metabolites from Trichilia pallida, Trichilia pallens, and Toona ciliata against fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) larvae. The studied compounds included (+/-)-catechins, a triglyceride, and cedrelone isolated from T. ciliata branches, fruits, and stems, respectively; dammaradienol isolated from T. pallida leaves; and scopoletin isolated from T. pallens branches. The compounds' activity was evaluated through ingestion and topic treatment. Treated artificial diet was offered to first instar larvae to evaluate ingestion effect, while an application on the dorsal thoracic region of third instar larvae was used to evaluate the topic effect. Mortality was assessed daily, and larval weight was recorded after 7 days for ingestion and 5 days for topic application. Scopoletin and triglyceride caused low mortality rates and reduction in larval weight by ingestion, (+/-)-catechins caused larval weight reduction by ingestion, and scopoletin reduced survival by topic treatment. The most effective compound was cedrelone that affected larval survival and development mainly by ingestion. The estimated LC50, LC90, and EC50for cedrelone were 0.0365, 0.0659, and 0.0095%, respectively. Further, cedrelone-treated corn leaf discs were offered to fourth instar larvae during 16 h in choice and no-choice tests. The deterrence indexes obtained in the choice tests were 23.5 and 36.3% at concentrations of 0.0365 and 0.0659, respectively. Consumption of cedrelone-treated leaf discs at the concentration of 0.0659% was lower compared to the control in the no-choice test. Thus, cedrelone caused lethal and sublethal effects and phagodeterrence on S. frugiperda and should be further studied.
authors.affiliation: Depto de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Univ de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil. ammarcomini@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: A M M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Giongo
authors.affiliation: Depto de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Univ de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Vendramim
authors.affiliation: Depto de Química, Univ Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: S D L
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.affiliation: Depto de Química, Univ Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: M F G F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007814:Larva; D029582:Meliaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000633:toxicity*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D018411:Spodoptera; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Toona ciliata; Trichilia pallens; Trichilia pallida; cedrelone; fall armyworm; phagodeterrence