title: Development of solid-phase microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography for analysis of tramadol in brain tissue using its molecularly imprinted polymer.
abstract: In this work, performance of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as a selective solid-phase microextraction sorbent for the extraction and enrichment of tramadol in aqueous solution and rabbit brain tissue, is described. Binding properties of MIPs were studied in comparison with their nonimprinted polymer (NIP). Ten milligrams of the optimized MIP was then evaluated as a sorbent, for preconcentration, in molecularly imprinted solid-phase microextraction (MISPME) of tramadol from aqueous solution and rabbit brain tissue. The analytical method was calibrated in the range of 0.004 ppm (4 ng mL-1) and 10 ppm (10 μg mL-1) in aqueous media and in the ranges of 0.01 and 10 ppm in rabbit brain tissue, respectively. The results indicated significantly higher binding affinity of MIPs to tramadol, in comparison with NIP. The MISPME procedure was developed and optimized with a recovery of 81.12-107.54% in aqueous solution and 76.16-91.20% in rabbit brain tissue. The inter- and intra-day variation values were <8.24 and 5.06%, respectively. Finally the calibrated method was applied for determination of tramadol in real rabbit brain tissue samples after administration of a lethal dose. Our data demonstrated the potential of MISPME for rapid, sensitive and cost-effective sample analysis.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Monireh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Habibi-Khorasani
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir Hooshang
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Mohammadpour
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Ahmad
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mohajeri
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008297:Male; D054802:Molecular Imprinting / Q000379:methods; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011817:Rabbits; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D014147:Tramadol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D011108:Polymers; D014147:Tramadol
keywords: HPLC; brain tissue; molecularly imprinted polymer; solid-phase microextraction; tramadol