title: Glandular breast tissue volume by magnetic resonance imaging in 100 healthy peripubertal girls: evaluation of clinical Tanner staging.
abstract: Appearance of glandular breast tissue may be difficult to distinguish from fat tissue by palpation, especially in obese girls. To our knowledge, validation of the clinical assessment of pubertal breast stages by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has never been performed. Our objective was to report normative data of glandular breast tissue volume and validate the clinical evaluation of pubertal breast staging by MRI of breast tissue and to evaluate circulating reproductive hormone levels and estrogen-dependent transabdominal ultrasound (TAUS) parameters as markers of glandular breast tissue.
  
  
  
  Glandular breast tissue volume quantified by MRI and breast stage evaluation was performed in 100 healthy peripubertal girls. Circulating levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), inhibin B, and estradiol were measured by immunoassays. Ovarian volume, uterine volume, and endometrial thickness were assessed by TAUS.
  
  
  
  Glandular breast tissue volume was positively associated with Tanner stages (r = 0.858, P < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of breast palpation to detect presence of glandular breast tissue using MRI as gold standard were 96 and 95%, respectively. The best parameters to distinguish prepubertal girls from girls with breast development were: LH (area under the curve (AUC) by receiver operating characteristic analysis = 0.871), inhibin B (AUC = 0.847) and estradiol (AUC = 0.830).
  
  
  
  Clinical palpation reliably detects the presence of glandular breast tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Growth and Reproduction & EDMaRC, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fugl
authors.affiliation: Department of Growth and Reproduction & EDMaRC, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Casper P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Hagen
authors.affiliation: Department of Growth and Reproduction & EDMaRC, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mikkel G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Mieritz
authors.affiliation: Department of Growth and Reproduction & EDMaRC, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jeanette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tinggaard
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fallentin
authors.affiliation: Department of Growth and Reproduction & EDMaRC, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Katharina M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Main
authors.affiliation: Department of Growth and Reproduction & EDMaRC, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Juul
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019540:Area Under Curve; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001940:Breast / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003718:Denmark; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D007265:Inhibins / Q000097:blood; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics; D011627:Puberty; D012741:Sexual Maturation; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: C422364:inhibin B; D004958:Estradiol; D007265:Inhibins; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone