title: The molecular signature of breast cancer metastasis to bone.
abstract: Distant metastasis during the advanced stage of malignant tumor progression can cause considerable morbidity in cancer patients. Bone is known to be one of the most common sites of distant metastasis in patients with breast cancer (BC). BC metastases in bone are associated with excessive skeletal complications. These complications can be fatal and reduce quality of life of patients. It is important to understand the metastatic process of BC to bone to improve quality of life and design new therapeutic methods. At present, the molecular mechanisms leading to the BC metastasis to bone are not fully understood. Studying the molecular basis of BC metastasis to bone might improve our insight into this complex process. In addition, it can provide novel approaches for designing advanced and effective targeted therapies. The present article aimed to review the published papers on the molecular basis of the metastatic process of BC to bone, focusing on involved genes and signaling networks. Furthermore, we propose potential therapeutic targets that may be more effective for the inhibition and treatment of BC metastasis to bone.
authors.affiliation: aGenetic Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (USWR), Tehran bDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch, Zanjan cDepartment of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Persian Gulf University, Boushehr dDepartment of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan eMedical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashad fDepartment of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Tayyeb
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bahrami
authors.forename: Sharareh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mokmeli
authors.forename: Hossien
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hossieni
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pourpaknia
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Makani
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salmaninejad
authors.forename: Mehrdad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Estiar
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hossieni
authors.forename: Alieh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farshbaf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans