title: Treatment of Hypoglycemia in Adult Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: An Observational Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  1) To characterize the nutritional treatment of hypoglycemia in adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 2) to compare the characteristics of participants who follow the recommendations with the characteristics of those who do not.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 121 adults with type 1 diabetes were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Participants completed a food record and a glycemia and insulin doses logbook to collect data on mild to moderate hypoglycemic events (glycemia <4.0 mmol/L or 4.0 to 5.0 mmol/L with symptoms) and their treatments over a 2-day period. Participants were identified as overcorrecting if they consumed, within 15 minutes after the episode, >20g of carbohydrates for correction. Self-administered questionnaires about fear of hypoglycemia were completed, and cardiometabolic profile variables were measured (glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure, lipid profile and body mass indexes).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 121 participants, 94 (78%) reported at least 1 hypoglycemic event, for a total of 271 events (2.2±2.1 episodes per patient). Of these events, 64% were treated within 15 minutes, and they were treated primarily with fruit juice or sweet beverages (39%) or mixed snacks (29%). Average carbohydrate intake for treatment was 32±24 grams. Of the participants, 73% overtreated their episodes. They were significantly younger and had greater fear of hypoglycemia than those who treated the episodes adequately. No difference was observed for cardiometabolic variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of patients in our cohort overtreated their hypoglycemic episodes. These results suggest that hypoglycemia-correction education needs to be reinforced.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Savard
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gingras
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leroux
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Amélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bertrand
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Desjardins
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Université de Montréal Hospital Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Hortensia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mircescu
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Université de Montréal Hospital Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Electronic address: remi.rabasa-lhoret@ircm.qc.ca.
authors.forename: Rémi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rabasa-Lhoret
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin
keywords: carbohydrates; diabète de type 1; fear of hypoglycemia; glucides; hypoglycemia; hypoglycémie; peur de l'hypoglycémie; traitement; treatment; type 1 diabetes