title: Synergism of thymol, carvacrol and eugenol in larvae of the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, and brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus.
abstract: The effects of combinations of the monoterpenes thymol and carvacrol and the phenylpropanoid eugenol in larvae of Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini, 1888) (Acari: Ixodidae) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) (Acari: Ixodidae) were assessed by the larval packet test. The CompuSyn program was used to make qualitative assessments of the effects (synergistic, additive and antagonistic) of the associations. The effects of all combinations tested against R. microplus larvae were synergistic, with combination indices (CIs) <0.70. When tested against R. sanguineus, eight of the mixtures showed a synergistic effect (CI < 0.70); only the carvacrol + thymol mixture at LC50presented a moderate synergistic effect, with CIs between 0.70-0.90. This study is the first to determine the effects of the interactions of these substances in the control of these two tick species. The combinations of carvacrol + thymol, carvacrol + eugenol and thymol + eugenol have synergistic effects in R. microplus and R. sanguineus s.l. larvae.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Comportamento e Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: L X
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: T P L
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Novato
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zeringota
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maturano
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Comportamento e Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: DA Silva
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Comportamento e Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Daemon
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: DE Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Comportamento e Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. caiosat@gmail.com.|Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil. caiosat@gmail.com.
authors.forename: C M O
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Monteiro
mesh_terms: D056810:Acaricides; D000818:Animals; D000081007:Cymenes; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005054:Eugenol; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development; D039821:Monoterpenes; D048494:Rhipicephalus / Q000254:growth & development; D048508:Rhipicephalus sanguineus / Q000254:growth & development; D013943:Thymol
chemical_list: D056810:Acaricides; D000081007:Cymenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D013943:Thymol; D005054:Eugenol; C073316:carvacrol
keywords: Compounds of plant origin; monoterpene; phenylpropanoid; tick control