title: Ebola Virus Epidemiology and Evolution in Nigeria.
abstract: Containment limited the 2014 Nigerian Ebola virus (EBOV) disease outbreak to 20 reported cases and 8 fatalities. We present here clinical data and contact information for at least 19 case patients, and full-length EBOV genome sequences for 12 of the 20. The detailed contact data permits nearly complete reconstruction of the transmission tree for the outbreak. The EBOV genomic data are consistent with that tree. It confirms that there was a single source for the Nigerian infections, shows that the Nigerian EBOV lineage nests within a lineage previously seen in Liberia but is genetically distinct from it, and supports the conclusion that transmission from Nigeria to elsewhere did not occur.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State.
authors.forename: Onikepe A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Folarin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ehichioya
authors.affiliation: Department of Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Department of FAS Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge.
authors.forename: Stephen F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Schaffner
authors.affiliation: Department of Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Department of FAS Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge.
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Winnicki
authors.affiliation: Department of Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Department of FAS Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge.
authors.forename: Shirlee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wohl
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State.
authors.forename: Philomena
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eromon
authors.affiliation: Department of Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT.
authors.forename: Kendra L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: West
authors.affiliation: Department of Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT.
authors.forename: Adrianne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gladden-Young
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences.
authors.forename: Nicholas E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Oyejide
authors.affiliation: Department of Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT.
authors.forename: Christian B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Matranga
authors.affiliation: Department de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Fann, Dakar, Senegal.
authors.forename: Awa Bineta
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Deme
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry.
authors.forename: Ayorinde
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: James
authors.affiliation: Department of Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tomkins-Tinch
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Onyewurunwa
authors.affiliation: Department of Center for Genome Sciences, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Jason T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Ladner
authors.affiliation: Department of Center for Genome Sciences, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Palacios
authors.affiliation: Department of Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT.
authors.forename: Iguosadolo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nosamiefan
authors.affiliation: Department of The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, California.
authors.forename: Kristian G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos.
authors.forename: Sunday
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Omilabu
authors.affiliation: African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State Department of Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State Department of Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Department of FAS Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge.
authors.forename: Nathan L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Yozwiak
authors.affiliation: Department of Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja.
authors.forename: Abdusallam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nasidi
authors.affiliation: African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana.
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Garry
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences Department of Nigerian Academy of Science, Akoka-Yaba, Lagos.
authors.forename: Oyewale
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tomori
authors.affiliation: African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State Department of Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Department of FAS Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge Department of Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase.
authors.forename: Pardis C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Sabeti
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State.
authors.forename: Christian T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Happi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005075:Biological Evolution; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D029043:Ebolavirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D016679:Genome, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D019142:Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007988:Liberia; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
keywords: Ebola; Nigeria; epidemiology; genomic; outbreak; phylogeny; sequencing