title: A Comparison of the Effects of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition on Cartilage Damage.
abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of selective inducible nitric oxide synthase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitors on cartilage regeneration. The study involved 27 Wistar rats that were divided into five groups. On Day 1, both knees of 3 rats were resected and placed in a formalin solution as a control group. The remaining 24 rats were separated into 4 groups, and their right knees were surgically damaged. Depending on the groups, the rats were injected with intra-articular normal saline solution, neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (50 mg/kg), inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor amino-guanidine (30 mg/kg), or nitric oxide precursor L-arginine (200 mg/kg). After 21 days, the right and left knees of the rats were resected and placed in formalin solution. The samples were histopathologically examined by a blinded evaluator and scored on 8 parameters. Although selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibition exhibited significant (P = 0.044) positive effects on cartilage regeneration following cartilage damage, it was determined that inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition had no statistically significant effect on cartilage regeneration. It was observed that the nitric oxide synthase activation triggered advanced arthrosis symptoms, such as osteophyte formation. The fact that selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitors were observed to have mitigating effects on the severity of the damage may, in the future, influence the development of new agents to be used in the treatment of cartilage disorders.
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Esenyurt University, 34510 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nevzat Selim
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Gokay
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacovigilance, Materiovigilance and Rational Use of Drugs, Tekirdag State Hospital, Ministry of Health, 59100 Tekirdag, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Turgut Ozal Street No. 1, Halkali, Kucukcekmece, 34303 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Baran
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2821-9859
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Komur
authors.affiliation: Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Istanbul University, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahu Senem
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Demiroz
authors.affiliation: Nisantasi University, 34360 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Alper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gokce
authors.affiliation: Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Istanbul University, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sergülen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dervisoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Acıbadem University, 34360 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Banu Vural
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Gokay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002356:Cartilage / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006146:Guanidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D007191:Indazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013264:Stifle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006146:Guanidines; D007191:Indazoles; D001120:Arginine; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C004479:pimagedine; C080122:7-nitroindazole