title: Effect of Oral Contraceptive Pills on the Blood Serum Enzymes and DNA Damage in Lymphocytes Among Users.
abstract: The continuous use of synthetic hormones as contraceptive pill or hormonal replacement therapy among women is increasing day by day. The widespread use of different formulations as oral contraceptives by women throughout their reproductive cycle has given rise to a serious concern for studying the effects of oral contraceptives on enzymatic profile and DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes among users. The present study was carried out on women taking oral contraceptives. The study was based on the questionnaire having the information of reproductive history, fasting, age, health, nature of menstrual cycle, bleeding and other disease. The profile of the blood serum enzymes i.e. alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aminotransferases (SGOT and SGPT), serum proteins (albumin and globulin) and DNA damage in lymphocytes was studied among users and non-users. The results of the present study suggest that OCs not only effects enzymatic activity but also results in DNA damage that may vary with the duration of using oral contraceptives. A significant increase in LDH, GGT, SGPT, SGOT, globulin and decrease in ALP as well as albumin was found among users as compared to non-users. The observed DNA damage was more in users as compared to non-users. Hormonal contraceptives seem to exert DNA damage and also have significant effects on blood serum enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002 India.
authors.forename: Falaq
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Naz
authors.affiliation: Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002 India.
authors.forename: Smita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jyoti
authors.affiliation: Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002 India.
authors.lastname: Rahul
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002 India.
authors.forename: Nishat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akhtar
authors.affiliation: Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002 India.
authors.forename: Yasir Hasan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Siddique
keywords: Blood serum enzyme; Comet assay; DNA damage; Oral contraceptive pills