title: Prevalence of infertility and help seeking among 15 000 women and men.
abstract: What is the prevalence of infertility and of help seeking among women and men in Britain?
  
  
  
  One in eight women and one in ten men aged 16-74 years had experienced infertility, defined by unsuccessfully attempting pregnancy for a year or longer, and little more than half of these people sought medical or professional help.
  
  
  
  Estimates of infertility and help seeking in Britain vary widely and are not easily comparable because of different definitions and study populations.
  
  
  
  A cross-sectional population survey was conducted between 2010 and 2012 with a sample of 15 162 women and men aged 16-74 years.
  
  
  
  Participants completed the Natsal-3 questionnaire, using computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) and computer-assisted self-interview (CASI).
  
  
  
  The reported prevalence of infertility was 12.5% (CI 95% 11.7-13.3) among women and 10.1% (CI 95% 9.2-11.1) among men. Increased prevalence was associated with later cohabitation with a partner, higher socio-economic status and, for those who had a child, becoming parents at older ages. The reported prevalence of help seeking was 57.3% (CI 95% 53.6-61.0) among women and 53.2% (CI 95% 48.1-58.1) among men. Help seekers were more likely to be better educated and in higher status occupations and, among those who had a child, to have become parents later in life.
  
  
  
  These data are cross-sectional so it is not possible to establish temporality or infer causality. Self-reported data may be subject to recall bias.
  
  
  
  The study provides estimates of infertility and help seeking in Britain and the results indicate that the prevalence of infertility is higher among those delaying parenthood. Those with higher educational qualifications and occupational status are more likely to consult with medical professionals for fertility problems than others and these inequalities in help seeking should be considered by clinical practice and public health.
  
  
  
  Funding was provided by grants from the Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust, with support from the Economic and Social Research Council and the Department of Health. AMJ is a Governor of the Wellcome Trust. Other authors have no competing interests.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sexual and Reproductive Health Research, Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK jessica.datta@lshtm.ac.uk.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Datta
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sexual and Reproductive Health Research, Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, London WC1E 6JB, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tanton
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sexual and Reproductive Health Research, Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, London WC1E 6JB, UK.
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sexual and Reproductive Health Research, Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Macdowall
authors.affiliation: MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TY, UK Centre for Sexual and Reproductive Health Research, Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Glasier
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, London WC1E 6JB, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sonnenberg
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, London WC1E 6JB, UK.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Field
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, London WC1E 6JB, UK.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Mercer
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, London WC1E 6JB, UK.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sexual and Reproductive Health Research, Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wellings
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D015995:Prevalence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: female infertility; help seeking; infertility; male infertility; population survey