title: Involvement of a versatile pattern recognition receptor, apolipophorin-III in prophenoloxidase activation and antibacterial defense of the Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi.
abstract: Apolipophorin-III (apoLp-III) is an exchangeable apolipoprotein found in many insect species and functions as a lipid transport vehicle. Recent studies have shown that apoLp-III is a multifunctional molecule involved in not only lipid transportation but also innate immune responses. In the present study, the pattern recognition properties of Antheraea pernyi apoLp-III were investigated. Recombinant Ap-apoLp-III was bound to different species of microbes and further study showed the rAp-apoLp-III is capable of interacting with pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on the microbial cell surface. In addition, an Ap-apoLp-III/PAMP mixture stimulated the prophenoloxidase (PPO) activation of A. pernyi hemolymph in vitro, to a greater extent than PAMP alone while Ap-apoLp-III itself failed to activate the PPO system, indicating that Ap-apoLp-III up-regulates PPO activation by combining with PAMP. After pathogen invasion following an injection of Staphylococcus aureus, RNAi-mediated silencing of apoLp-III decreased the transcriptional abundance of three antimicrobial peptide genes. These data suggest that apoLp-III is a versatile pattern recognition receptor and may play important roles in the innate immune responses of Antheraea pernyi.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Bio-pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China.
authors.forename: Daihua
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China.
authors.forename: Xialu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Bio-pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Bio-pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China.
authors.forename: Tienan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Bio-pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China.
authors.forename: Chunfu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Bio-pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China. Electronic address: zhangjinghai@syphu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jinghai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004156:Catechol Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000378:metabolism; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D009036:Moths / Q000276:immunology*; D000069452:Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000378:metabolism*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001053:Apolipoproteins; D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D000069452:Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition; C042470:apolipophorin III; C038451:pro-phenoloxidase; D004156:Catechol Oxidase
keywords: Antimicrobial peptides; Apolipophorin; Innate immunity; Insect; Prophenoloxidase; Silkworm