title: Regulation of dendritic development by semaphorin 3A through novel intracellular remote signaling.
abstract: Numerous cell adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix proteins and axon guidance molecules participate in neuronal network formation through local effects at axo-dendritic, axo-axonic or dendro-dendritic contact sites. In contrast, neurotrophins and their receptors play crucial roles in neural wiring by sending retrograde signals to remote cell bodies. Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), a prototype of secreted type 3 semaphorins, is implicated in axon repulsion, dendritic branching and synapse formation via binding protein neuropilin-1 (NRP1) and the signal transducing protein PlexinAs (PlexAs) complex. This review focuses on Sema3A retrograde signaling that regulates dendritic localization of AMPA-type glutamate receptor GluA2 and dendritic patterning. This signaling is elicited by activation of NRP1 in growth cones and is propagated to cell bodies by dynein-dependent retrograde axonal transport of PlexAs. It also requires interaction between PlexAs and a high-affinity receptor for nerve growth factor, toropomyosin receptor kinase A. We propose a control mechanism by which retrograde Sema3A signaling regulates the glutamate receptor localization through trafficking of cis-interacting PlexAs with GluA2 along dendrites; this remote signaling may be an alternative mechanism to local adhesive contacts for neural network formation.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goshima
authors.affiliation: a Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan.|c Department of Biology , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA.
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.affiliation: a Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan.
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: b Functional Structural, Biology Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Science , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medical Life Science , Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama , Japan.
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000378:metabolism; D003712:Dendrites / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism*; D040121:Semaphorin-3A / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013569:Synapses / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D040121:Semaphorin-3A
keywords: CRMPs; axonal transport; dendritic branching; neurotrophins; semaphorins; spine maturation