title: Detection of novel ferret coronaviruses and evidence of recombination among ferret coronaviruses.
abstract: In an epidemiological study of ferret coronaviruses (FRCoVs), novel FRCoV strains (Saitama-1 and Aichi-1) were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nucleotide sequence analysis of partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) genes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these strains belonged to different clusters from other FRCoV strains. Next, the nucleotide sequence of the 3'-terminal region of Saitama-1 (8271 bases) strain was determined and compared with those of the other FRCoVs, indicating that the Saitama-1 strain differed from the previously reported MSU-1 and MSU-2 strains in the regions encoding spike (S) protein, nucleocapsid, and open reading frame 7b. Furthermore, the results of SimPlot analysis indicated that FRCoV (MSU-2 strain) emerged via a recombination event of S protein between the MSU-1 and Saitama-1 strains. This mechanism is similar to that responsible for the emergence of type II feline coronavirus. This information will be useful for understanding the pathogenesis of FRCoV in ferrets.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Shohei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Yudai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenzo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yonemitsu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Dung
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Van Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryusei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuwata
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimoda
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Ai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan. kmaeda@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maeda
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000662:veterinary*; D016765:Coronavirus, Feline / Q000235:genetics*; D005289:Ferrets / Q000821:virology*; D023061:Gene Order; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: Ferret coronavirus (FRCoV); Novel genotype; Recombination