title: Influence of Chicken Manure Fertilization on Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Soil and the Endophytic Bacteria of Pakchoi.
abstract: Animal manure is commonly used as fertilizer for agricultural crops worldwide, even though it is believed to contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance from animal intestines to the soil environment. However, it is unclear whether and how there is any impact of manure fertilization on populations and community structure of antibiotic-resistant endophytic bacteria (AREB) in plant tissues. To investigate the effect of manure and organic fertilizer on endophytic bacterial communities, pot experiments were performed with pakchoi grown with the following treatments: (1) non-treated; (2) chicken manure-treated and (3) organic fertilizer-treated. Manure or organic fertilizer significantly increased the abundances of total cultivable endophytic bacteria (TCEB) and AREB in pakchoi, and the effect of chicken manure was greater than that of organic fertilizer. Further, 16S rDNA sequencing and the phylogenetic analysis indicated that chicken manure or organic fertilizer application increased the populations of multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria (MARB) in soil and multiple antibiotic-resistant endophytic bacteria (MAREB) in pakchoi. The identical multiple antibiotic-resistant bacterial populations detected in chicken manure, manure- or organic fertilizer-amended soil and the vegetable endophytic system were Brevundimonas diminuta, Brachybacterium sp. and Bordetella sp., suggesting that MARB from manure could enter and colonize the vegetable tissues through manure fertilization. The fact that some human pathogens with multiple antibiotic resistance were detected in harvested vegetables after growing in manure-amended soil demonstrated a potential threat to human health.
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China. yangqx66@163.com.|College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China. yangqx66@163.com.|Key Laboratory for Microorganisms and Functional Molecules, University of Henan Province, Xinxiang 453007, China. yangqx66@163.com.
authors.forename: Qingxiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China. kele1564@126.com.|College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China. kele1564@126.com.|Key Laboratory for Microorganisms and Functional Molecules, University of Henan Province, Xinxiang 453007, China. kele1564@126.com.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China. gyh@126.com.
authors.forename: Yuhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China. hsdtiantiantian@126.com.
authors.forename: Tiantian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics; D002645:Chickens; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000382:microbiology*; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005308:Fertilizers; D006801:Humans; D008372:Manure / Q000382:microbiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D014675:Vegetables / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D005308:Fertilizers; D008372:Manure
keywords: antibiotic-resistance bacteria; chicken manure; multiple antibiotic-resistant endophytic bacteria; pakchoi; pot experiment; soil