title: Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence in children with sleep-disordered breathing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is considered to be a factor involved in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). This cross-sectional study examined the seroprevalence of HP in children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in respect to OSAS severity and in reference to other common pediatric medical conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overnight polysomnography with pH-metry (PSG) was performed at a Sleep Laboratory (in the years 2008-2011). OSAS severity was determined based on Obstructive Apnea Index (OAI). Subjects were classified into primary snoring group (OAI < 1/hours), mild - moderate OSAS (OAI: 1-5/hour), and severe OSAS (OAI: ≥5/hour). HP IgG was tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the SDB (n = 115) and reference (n = 387) groups [reference group consisted of 4 subgroups based on ICD-10 diagnoses encompassing conditions affecting the skin, respiratory system, food hypersensitivity, and gastrointestinal tract]. Analyses were performed by nonparametric statistical tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HP seropositivity was 10.4% (12/115) in the SDB group and 11.6% (45/387) in the reference group. HP positive and negative subjects did not differ in PSG, acid gastro-esophageal reflux index nor in age, sex, nutritional status (BMI-z score), and hematological indices in the SDB group. Seropositivity was found in 16.7% of the primary snoring group, 10.2% of mild-moderate OSAS, and in 11.1% of severe OSAS (chi(2) p = 0.832).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with SDB are not more predisposed to a chronic HP infection than children with other common chronic pediatric conditions. HP seropositivity does not influence OSAS severity but possible infection should none-the-less be considered on a case-by-case basis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Allergology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland. Electronic address: jolanta.wasilewska@wp.eu.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wasilewska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Allergology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klukowski
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Management, Bialystok University of Technology, Poland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Debkowska
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Management, Bialystok University of Technology, Poland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kilon
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics and Medical Informatics, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Citko
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Allergology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flisiak
authors.affiliation: Student's Research Society Organized Within the Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Allergology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oleksinska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Allergology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaczmarski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D008297:Male; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D017286:Polysomnography; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D012890:Sleep; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000453:epidemiology; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012913:Snoring / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D007074:Immunoglobulin G
keywords: Helicobacter pylori; Obstructing sleep apnea syndrome; Seroprevalence; Sleep disordered breathing