title: Twenty two years of sewage sludge marine disposal monitoring in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea: Impact on sediment quality and infauna and the response to load reduction.
abstract: Effects of sewage sludge disposal on sediments and infauna are presented in a unique long-term (22years) data set from the Eastern Mediterranean. While organic carbon (Corg) and metals affected sediment quality in an area which size varied seasonally, the infauna exhibited seasonal "boom and bust" cycle. Metal concentrations declined following load reduction. However, Corg did not decrease and infaunal abundance, closely related to Corg, varied with changes in environmental forcing. Mild winters affected the infaunal populations at the heavily impacted stations, due to anoxic conditions. Planned cessation of disposal is estimated to reduce Corg and metal concentrations to pre-discharge levels. Yet the resettling biota is expected to differ significantly from the pre-discharge one and consist in large part of Erythraean non indigenous species.
authors.affiliation: Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, P.O.B. 8030, Haifa 31080, Israel. Electronic address: nurit@ocean.org.il.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kress
authors.affiliation: Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, P.O.B. 8030, Haifa 31080, Israel.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shoham-Frider
authors.affiliation: Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, P.O.B. 8030, Haifa 31080, Israel.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Galil
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D019015:Geologic Sediments; D008522:Mediterranean Sea; D008670:Metals; D012722:Sewage; D014873:Water Pollutants
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D012722:Sewage; D014873:Water Pollutants; D002244:Carbon
keywords: Eastern Mediterranean; Infauna; Metals; Organic carbon; Sediment quality; Sewage sludge