title: Adipokines, tumor necrosis factor and its receptors in female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the association of adipokines and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and its receptors with characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to investigate the correlation between adipokines and the TNF system.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and thirty-six SLE women, aged ≥18 years old, were assessed. TNFα, soluble TNFα receptors 1 (sTNFR1) and 2 (sTNFR2) and adipokines were analyzed by ELISA kits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median (IQR) of age was 41.5 (33.0-49.7) years old and of disease duration 11.3 (7.8-15.8) years. The median (IQR) of disease activity was 0 (0-4) and of damage index was 2 (1-3). Higher levels of sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 were associated with nephritis (p < 0.001 for both), and sTNFR1 (p = 0.025) and TNFα (p = 0.014) were positively associated with arthritis. Higher sTNFR1 levels were found in participants that were not using antimalarial drugs (p = 0.04). Independent correlation was found between sTNFR1 (β = 0.253; p = 0.003) and sTNFR2 (β = 0.297; p < 0.001) levels and disease activity and damage index (sTNFR1: β = 0.367; p < 0.001; sTNFR2: β = 0.335; p < 0.001). Higher adiponectin levels were independently associated with nephritis (p = 0.009) and antimalarial drugs use (p = 0.015). There was a positive correlation between leptin and sTNFR2 levels (p = 0.002) and between resistin levels and sTNFR1 (p < 0.001) and sTNFR2 (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The correlation between adipokines and TNF system allows a better understanding of the role of adipokines in the inflammatory response in SLE patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil famedi@ig.com.br.
authors.forename: F M M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Telles
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: C C D
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lanna
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.|Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Medical Research, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Medical Research, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Medical Research, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D052243:Resistin / Q000378:metabolism; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D000962:Antimalarials; D020738:Leptin; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D052243:Resistin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: Adipokines; systemic lupus erythematosus; tumor necrosis factor; tumor necrosis factor receptors