title: The Genome of a Southern Hemisphere Seagrass Species (Zostera muelleri).
abstract: Seagrasses are marine angiosperms that evolved from land plants but returned to the sea around 140 million years ago during the early evolution of monocotyledonous plants. They successfully adapted to abiotic stresses associated with growth in the marine environment, and today, seagrasses are distributed in coastal waters worldwide. Seagrass meadows are an important oceanic carbon sink and provide food and breeding grounds for diverse marine species. Here, we report the assembly and characterization of the Zostera muelleri genome, a southern hemisphere temperate species. Multiple genes were lost or modified in Z. muelleri compared with terrestrial or floating aquatic plants that are associated with their adaptation to life in the ocean. These include genes for hormone biosynthesis and signaling and cell wall catabolism. There is evidence of whole-genome duplication in Z. muelleri; however, an ancient pan-commelinid duplication event is absent, highlighting the early divergence of this species from the main monocot lineages.
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia (H.T.L., A.A.G., R.R.K., J.B., D.E.);School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia (H.T.L., P.E.B., C.-K.K.C., J.B., G.A.K., D.E.);State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (Y.J.);Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 (Y.J., A.H.P.);Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (H.T.); andPlant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia (G.S., A.W.D.L., P.J.R.).
authors.forename: HueyTyng
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8561-3161
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia (H.T.L., A.A.G., R.R.K., J.B., D.E.);School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia (H.T.L., P.E.B., C.-K.K.C., J.B., G.A.K., D.E.);State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (Y.J.);Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 (Y.J., A.H.P.);Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (H.T.); andPlant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia (G.S., A.W.D.L., P.J.R.).
authors.forename: Agnieszka A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Golicz
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia (H.T.L., A.A.G., R.R.K., J.B., D.E.);School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia (H.T.L., P.E.B., C.-K.K.C., J.B., G.A.K., D.E.);State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (Y.J.);Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 (Y.J., A.H.P.);Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (H.T.); andPlant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia (G.S., A.W.D.L., P.J.R.).
authors.forename: Philipp E
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8530-3067
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Bayer
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia (H.T.L., A.A.G., R.R.K., J.B., D.E.);School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia (H.T.L., P.E.B., C.-K.K.C., J.B., G.A.K., D.E.);State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (Y.J.);Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 (Y.J., A.H.P.);Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (H.T.); andPlant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia (G.S., A.W.D.L., P.J.R.).
authors.forename: Yuannian
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8987-2782
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia (H.T.L., A.A.G., R.R.K., J.B., D.E.);School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia (H.T.L., P.E.B., C.-K.K.C., J.B., G.A.K., D.E.);State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (Y.J.);Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 (Y.J., A.H.P.);Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (H.T.); andPlant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia (G.S., A.W.D.L., P.J.R.).
authors.forename: Haibao
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3460-8570
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia (H.T.L., A.A.G., R.R.K., J.B., D.E.);School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia (H.T.L., P.E.B., C.-K.K.C., J.B., G.A.K., D.E.);State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (Y.J.);Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 (Y.J., A.H.P.);Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (H.T.); andPlant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia (G.S., A.W.D.L., P.J.R.).
authors.forename: Andrew H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Paterson
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia (H.T.L., A.A.G., R.R.K., J.B., D.E.);School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia (H.T.L., P.E.B., C.-K.K.C., J.B., G.A.K., D.E.);State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (Y.J.);Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 (Y.J., A.H.P.);Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (H.T.); andPlant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia (G.S., A.W.D.L., P.J.R.).
authors.forename: Gaurav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sablok
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia (H.T.L., A.A.G., R.R.K., J.B., D.E.);School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia (H.T.L., P.E.B., C.-K.K.C., J.B., G.A.K., D.E.);State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (Y.J.);Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 (Y.J., A.H.P.);Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (H.T.); andPlant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia (G.S., A.W.D.L., P.J.R.).
authors.forename: Rahul R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Krishnaraj
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia (H.T.L., A.A.G., R.R.K., J.B., D.E.);School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia (H.T.L., P.E.B., C.-K.K.C., J.B., G.A.K., D.E.);State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (Y.J.);Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 (Y.J., A.H.P.);Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (H.T.); andPlant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia (G.S., A.W.D.L., P.J.R.).
authors.forename: Chon-Kit Kenneth
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia (H.T.L., A.A.G., R.R.K., J.B., D.E.);School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia (H.T.L., P.E.B., C.-K.K.C., J.B., G.A.K., D.E.);State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (Y.J.);Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 (Y.J., A.H.P.);Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (H.T.); andPlant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia (G.S., A.W.D.L., P.J.R.).
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Batley
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia (H.T.L., A.A.G., R.R.K., J.B., D.E.);School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia (H.T.L., P.E.B., C.-K.K.C., J.B., G.A.K., D.E.);State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (Y.J.);Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 (Y.J., A.H.P.);Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (H.T.); andPlant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia (G.S., A.W.D.L., P.J.R.).
authors.forename: Gary A
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0276-6064
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Kendrick
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia (H.T.L., A.A.G., R.R.K., J.B., D.E.);School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia (H.T.L., P.E.B., C.-K.K.C., J.B., G.A.K., D.E.);State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (Y.J.);Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 (Y.J., A.H.P.);Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (H.T.); andPlant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia (G.S., A.W.D.L., P.J.R.).
authors.forename: Anthony W D
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0420-134X
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Larkum
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia (H.T.L., A.A.G., R.R.K., J.B., D.E.);School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia (H.T.L., P.E.B., C.-K.K.C., J.B., G.A.K., D.E.);State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (Y.J.);Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 (Y.J., A.H.P.);Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (H.T.); andPlant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia (G.S., A.W.D.L., P.J.R.).
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Ralph
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia (H.T.L., A.A.G., R.R.K., J.B., D.E.);School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia (H.T.L., P.E.B., C.-K.K.C., J.B., G.A.K., D.E.);State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (Y.J.);Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 (Y.J., A.H.P.);Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (H.T.); andPlant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia (G.S., A.W.D.L., P.J.R.) dave.edwards@uwa.edu.au.
authors.forename: David
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7599-6760
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics*; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000235:genetics; D017753:Ecosystem; D020440:Gene Duplication; D063990:Gene Ontology; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D018745:Genome, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D035962:Zosteraceae / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins