title: High prevalence of blaVIM-1gene in bacteria from Brazilian soil.
abstract: This study investigated bacteria from soil samples to (i) determine the main bacterial genera and species having resistance to carbapenem and other β-lactams and (ii) establish if the mechanism of resistance was due to the production of metallo-β-lactamases. The isolates were characterized by PCR for metallo-β-lactamases and integrons, by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and by sequencing. The antimicrobial profile of 40 imipenem-resistant Gram-positive soil isolates from all Brazilian regions demonstrated that 31 (77.5%) of them were multidrug resistant. Among the 40 isolates, 19 presented the blaVIMgene and class 1 integrons by PCR. Six of the 19 isolates were identified as Paenibacillus sp., 12 as Bacillus sp., and just 1 was classified as Staphylococcus sp., by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. These results suggest that bacteria from soil can act as a source of blaVIM-1genes, representing a threat to public health.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo - Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.|Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo - Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pitondo-Silva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo - Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.|Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo - Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Beatriz Baptistella
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Devechio
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo - Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.|Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo - Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jéssica Aparecida Silva
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Moretto
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo - Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.|Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo - Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eliana Guedes
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Stehling
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D001938:Brazil; D015780:Carbapenems / Q000494:pharmacology; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015378:Imipenem / Q000494:pharmacology; D032023:Integrons; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D058889:Molecular Typing; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D015780:Carbapenems; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D015378:Imipenem; C417264:VIM-1 metallo-beta-lactamase; D001618:beta-Lactamases
keywords: blaVIM-1; metallo-β-lactamases; multidrug resistance; multirésistant; métallo-β-lactamases; soil; sol