title: Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Withania somnifera root in fructose fed male rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insulin resistance is a metabolic disorder which affects the diabetes mellitus pathophysiology and alters the cell excitability. This study has been designed to evaluate the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of chronic administration of Withania somnifera root (WSR) in fructose drinking water rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  An experiment was carried out on 48 Wistar-Albino male rats, weighting 200±30 g, which were divided into six groups (n=8): control group (C), control morphine (CM), W. somnifera group (WS) which received WSR (62.5 mg/g diet), W. somnifera naloxone group (WSN) which received WSR and naloxone, fructose (F) group which received fructose drinking water and FWS group which received fructose-enriched drinking water and WSR during the trial period. A biphasic pain response was induced after intraplantar injection of formalin (50 μL, 1%). Pain behavior was measured using Dubuisson methods. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS software V. 18, using ANOVA and Tukey test. Results were expressed as mean±SD. Statistical differences were considered significant at p<0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that the insulin resistance index, blood sugar, insulin, IL-6, TNF-α, and acute and chronic pain score in the F group were significantly increased in comparison with the control group, but these parameters in the FWS group were significantly decreased compared with the F group (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicated that chronic oral administration of WSR has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in fructose drinking water rats and causes improved insulin resistance index.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Shahraki
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Samadi Noshahr
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahmadvand
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakhaie
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004032:Diet; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test / Q000379:methods; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D032341:Withania / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005632:Fructose; D009270:Naloxone