title: Biomechanical effects of morphological variations of the cortical wall at the bone-cement interface.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The integrity of bone-cement interface is very important for the stabilization and long-term sustain of cemented prosthesis. Variations in the bone-cement interface morphology may affect the mechanical response of the shape-closed interlock.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-developed new reamer was used to process fresh pig reamed femoral canal, creating cortical grooves in the canal wall of experimental group. The biomechanical effects of varying the morphology with grooves of the bone-cement interface were investigated using finite element analysis (FEA) and validated using companion experimental data. Micro-CT scans were used to document interlock morphology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The contact area of the bone-cement interface was greater (P < 0.05) for the experimental group (5470 ± 265 mm(2)) when compared to the specimens of control group (5289 ± 299 mm(2)). The mechanical responses to tensile loading and anti-torsion showed that the specimens with grooves were stronger (P < 0.05) at the bone-cement interface than the specimens without grooves. There were positively significant correlation between the contact area and the tensile force (r (2) = 0.85) and the maximal torsion (r (2) = 0.77) at the bone-cement interface. The volume of cement of the experimental group (7688 ± 278 mm(3)) was greater (P < 0.05) than of the control group (5764 ± 186 mm(3)). There were positively significant correlations between the volume of cement and the tensile force (r (2) = 0.90) and the maximal torsion (r (2) = 0.97) at the bone-cement interface. The FEA results compared favorably to the tensile and torsion relationships determined experimentally. More cracks occurred in the cement than in the bone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Converting the standard reaming process from a smooth bore cortical tube to the one with grooves permits the cement to interlock with the reamed bony wall. This would increase the strength of the bone-cement interface.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, #301 Yan-chang Middle Road, Shanghai, 200072, China. shzhangchunlin@163.com.
authors.forename: Chun-Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changshu Second People's Hospital, Changshu, 215500, China.
authors.forename: Guo-Qi
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200233, China.
authors.forename: Kun-Peng
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Orthotek Lab, School of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, No. 149, Yanchang Rd, 200072, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dong-Xu
authors.initials: DX
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000592:standards; D002484:Cementation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D013552:Swine; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements
keywords: Biomechanics; Bone cement; Interface; Morphology