title: [Changes in P-wave, T-wave, and ST segment amplitude in 12 lead electrocardiogram in children with breath holding spell].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the change of the amplitude of P wave, T wave and ST segment of 12 lead electrocardiogram (ECG) in children with breath holding spell.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 29 children (24 males and 5 females) with breath holding spell in Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University were enrolled for this study from October, 2009 to September, 2015. Their ages ranged from 3 months to 6 years, with an average of 1.82±1.27 years old. The control group consisted of 30 age-matched and gender-matched healthy children. All subjects were underwent electrocardiography by the SR-1000A comprehensive automatic electrocardiograph analyzer, and the changes of the ECG parameters were compared between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the control group, the amplitude of P-wave of V5 lead was decreased [(44.10±23.98) vs (58.30±21.19) μV, P<0.05], the amplitude of T-wave of V6 lead was increased [(423.80±122.6) vs (350.00±105.73) μV, P<0.05], the amplitude of ST segment of II lead was increased [(84.80±39.97) vs (57.30±38.77) μV, P<0.05], the amplitude of ST segment of aVR lead was increased [(-77.60±37.41) vs (-51.00±33.46) μV, P<0.05], the amplitude of ST segment of aVL lead was increased [(35.20±28.24) vs (17.70±33.90) μV, P<0.05], the amplitude of ST segment of V5 lead was increased [(111.00±59.36) vs (69.00±36.33) μV, P<0.05], the amplitude of ST segment of V6 lead was increased [(79.30±45.51) vs (51.30±33.19) μV, P<0.05].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The children with breath holding spell have autonomic nerve dysfunction. The amplitude of ST segment changes is sensitive.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, Second Xiangya Hospital/Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha 410011; Department of Pediatrics, Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha 410015, China.
authors.forename: Wenhua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, Second Xiangya Hospital/Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, Second Xiangya Hospital/Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
authors.forename: Runmei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, Second Xiangya Hospital/Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha 410011; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, Second Xiangya Hospital/Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
authors.forename: Lijia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, Second Xiangya Hospital/Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
authors.forename: Xuemei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, Second Xiangya Hospital/Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, Second Xiangya Hospital/Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
authors.forename: Donglei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, Second Xiangya Hospital/Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D062485:Breath Holding; D053840:Brugada Syndrome; D000075224:Cardiac Conduction System Disease; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006329:Heart Conduction System; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male