title: Inflammatory Bowel Disease Drugs: A Focus on Autophagy.
abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Medications such as corticosteroids, thiopurines, immunomodulators and biologic agents are used to induce and maintain remission; however, response to these drugs is variable and can diminish over time. Defective autophagy has been strongly linked to IBD pathogenesis, with evidence showing that enhancing autophagy may be therapeutically beneficial by regulating inflammation and clearing intestinal pathogens. It is plausible that the therapeutic effects of some IBD drugs are mediated in part through modulation of the autophagy pathway, with studies investigating a wide range of diseases and cell types demonstrating autophagy pathway regulation by these agents. This review will highlight the current evidence, both in vitro and in vivo, for the modulation of autophagy by drugs routinely used in IBD. A clearer understanding of their mechanisms of action will be invaluable to utilize these drugs in a more targeted and personalized manner in this diverse and often complex group of patients.
authors.affiliation: School of Life, Sport & Social Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Kirsty M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hooper
authors.affiliation: School of Life, Sport & Social Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Barlow
authors.affiliation: School of Life, Sport & Social Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.affiliation: Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.|Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Henderson
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents
keywords: Autophagy; Crohn’s disease; IBD; drugs