title: Results from in vitro and ex vivo skin aging models assessing the antiglycation and anti-elastase MMP-12 potential of glycylglycine oleamide.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glycation is an aging reaction of naturally occurring sugars with dermal proteins. Type I collagen and elastin are most affected by glycation during intrinsic chronological aging.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the in vitro and ex vivo assays in human skin cells and explants and the antiaging effects of glycylglycine oleamide (GGO).
  
  
  METHODS
  The antiglycation effect of GGO was assessed in a noncellular in vitro study on collagen and, ex vivo, by immunohistochemical staining on human skin explants (elastin network glycation). The ability of GGO to contract fibroblasts was assessed in a functional assay, and its anti-elastase (MMP-12) activity was compared to that of oleic acid alone, glycylglycine (GG) alone, and oleic acid associated with GG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro, GGO reduced the glycation of type I collagen. Ex vivo, GGO restored the expression of fibrillin-1 inhibited by glycation. Furthermore, GGO induced a tissue retraction of almost 30%. Moreover, the MMP-12 activity was inhibited by up to 60%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the present in vitro and ex vivo conditions, GGO prevents glycation of the major structural proteins of the dermis, helping to reduce the risk of rigidification. By maintaining the elastic function of the skin, GGO may be a promising sparring partner for other topical antiaging agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bogdanowicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Marie-José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Haure
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ceruti
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bessou-Touya
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Castex-Rizzi
keywords: extracellular matrix; fibrillin-1; glycation; glycylglycine oleamide; matrix metalloproteinase-12; skin aging