title: Detection of volatile metabolites of moulds isolated from a contaminated library.
abstract: The principal fungal species isolated from a contaminated library environment were tested for their microbial volatile organic compound (MVOC) production ability. Aspergillus creber, A. penicillioides, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Eurotium chevalieri, E. halophilicum, Penicillium brevicompactum and P. chrysogenum were cultivated on suitable culture media inside sample bottles specifically designed and created for direct MVOC injection to a GC-MS instrument. The fungal emissions were monitored over several weeks to detect changes with the aging of the colonies, monitored also by respirometric tests. A total of 55 different MVOCs were detected and isopropyl alcohol, 3-methyl-1-butanol and 2-butanone were the principal compounds in common between the selected fungal species. Moreover, 2,4-dimethylheptane, 1,4-pentadiene, styrene, ethanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, acetone, furan and 2-methylfuran were the most detected compounds. For the first time, the MVOC production for particular fungal species was detected. The species A. creber, which belongs to the recently revised group Aspergillus section Versicolores, was characterized by the production of ethanol, furan and 1,4-pentadiene. For the xerophilic fungus E. halophilicum, specific production of acetone, 2-butanone and 1,4-pentadiene was detected, supported also by respirometric data. The results demonstrated the potential use of this method for the detection of fungal contamination phenomena inside Cultural Heritage's preservation environments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistic, Ca1' Foscari University, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre, Venice, Italy. Electronic address: anna.micheluz@unive.it.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Micheluz
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University, Via Torino 155, 30123 Mestre, Venice, Italy. Electronic address: manente@unive.it.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manente
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento Regionale Laboratori, Agenzia Regionale per la Prevenzione e Protezione Ambientale del Veneto, Via Lissa 6, 30174 Mestre, Venice, Italy. Electronic address: manuela.rovea@arpa.veneto.it.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rovea
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistic, Ca1' Foscari University, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre, Venice, Italy. Electronic address: debora.slanzi@unive.it.
authors.forename: Debora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Slanzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy. Electronic address: cristina.varese@unito.it.
authors.forename: Giovanna Cristina
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Varese
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University, Via Torino 155, 30123 Mestre, Venice, Italy. Electronic address: gprav@unive.it.
authors.forename: Giampietro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ravagnan
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento Regionale Laboratori, Agenzia Regionale per la Prevenzione e Protezione Ambientale del Veneto, Via Lissa 6, 30174 Mestre, Venice, Italy. Electronic address: gianni.formenton@arpa.veneto.it.
authors.forename: Gianmaria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Formenton
mesh_terms: D001230:Aspergillus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002074:Butanones / Q000032:analysis; D002963:Cladosporium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D005658:Fungi / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification; D005663:Furans / Q000032:analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007990:Libraries; D010407:Penicillium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000439:Pentanols / Q000032:analysis; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002074:Butanones; D003470:Culture Media; D005663:Furans; D000439:Pentanols; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C029060:2-methylfuran; C032765:tert-amyl alcohol; C005222:methylethyl ketone; C029683:isopentyl alcohol
keywords: Eurotium halophilicum; MVOCs; contaminated library; indoor air