title: A prospective analysis of hypovitaminosis D and mortality in 400 patients in the neurocritical care setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE Hypovitaminosis D is highly prevalent among the general population. Studies have shown an association between hypovitaminosis D and multiple negative outcomes in critical care patients, but there has been no prospective evaluation of vitamin D in the neurological critical care population. The authors examined the impact of vitamin D deficiency on in-hospital mortality and a variety of secondary outcomes. METHODS The authors prospectively collected 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels of all patients admitted to the neurocritical care unit (NCCU) of a quaternary-care center over a 3-month period. Demographic data, illness acuity, in-hospital mortality, infection, and length of hospitalization were collected. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine the effects of vitamin D deficiency. RESULTS Four hundred fifteen patients met the inclusion criteria. In-hospital mortality was slightly worse (9.3% vs 4.5%; p = 0.059) among patients with deficient vitamin D (≤ 20 ng/dl). There was also a higher rate of urinary tract infection in patients with vitamin D deficiency (12.4% vs 4.2%; p = 0.002). For patients admitted to the NCCU on an emergency basis (n = 285), higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (OR 13.8, 95% CI 1.7-110.8; p = 0.014), and vitamin D deficiency (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.0-8.6; p = 0.042) were significantly associated with increased in-hospital mortality after adjusting for other factors. CONCLUSIONS In the subset of patients admitted to the NCCU on an emergency basis, vitamin D deficiency is significantly associated with higher in-hospital mortality. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings and to investigate the role of vitamin D supplementation in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Departments of 1 Neurosurgery and.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Departments of 1 Neurosurgery and.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karsy
authors.affiliation: Departments of 1 Neurosurgery and.
authors.forename: Andrea A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Brock
authors.affiliation: Departments of 1 Neurosurgery and.
authors.forename: Ilyas M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Eli
authors.affiliation: Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Holly K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Ledyard
authors.affiliation: Departments of 1 Neurosurgery and.
authors.forename: Gregory W J
authors.initials: GWJ
authors.lastname: Hawryluk
authors.affiliation: Departments of 1 Neurosurgery and.
authors.forename: Min S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D003422:Critical Care; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality*
keywords: BMI = body mass index; GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale; NCCU = neurocritical care unit; SAPS II = Simplified Acute Physiology Score; hypovitaminosis; mortality; multivariable analysis; prospective study; risk factors; trauma; vitamin D