title: Induction of Direct or Priming Resistance against Botrytis cinerea in Strawberries by β-Aminobutyric Acid and Their Effects on Sucrose Metabolism.
abstract: The specific forms of disease resistance induced by β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) and their impacts on sucrose metabolism of postharvest strawberries were determined in the present research. Treatment with 10-500 mmol L(-1) BABA inhibited the Botrytis cinerea infection, possibly directly by suppressing the fungus growth and indirectly by triggering disease resistance. Moreover, BABA-induced resistance against B. cinerea infection in strawberries was associated with either one of two mechanisms, depending upon the concentration used: BABA at concentrations higher than 100 mmol L(-1) directly induced the defense response, including a H2O2 burst, modulation of the expression of PR genes, including FaPR1, FaChi3, Faβglu, and FaPAL, and increased activities of chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, and PAL, whereas BABA at 10 mmol L(-1) activated a priming response because the BABA-treated fruits exhibited an increased capacity to express molecular defense only when the fruits were inoculated with B. cinerea. Activation of the priming defense appeared almost as effective against B. cinerea as inducing direct defense. However, the primed strawberries maintained higher activities of SS synthesis and SPS and SPP enzymes) and lower level of SS cleavage during the incubation; these activities contributed to higher sucrose, fructose, and glucose contents, sweetness index, and sensory scores compared to fruits exhibiting the direct defense. Thus, it is plausible that the priming defense, which can be activated by BABA at relatively low concentrations, represents an optimal strategy for combining the advantages of enhanced disease protection and soluble sugar accumulation.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University , Chongqing 404000, People's Republic of China.|College of Food Science, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.|College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kaituo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University , Chongqing 404000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yunxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University , Chongqing 404000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jianquan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.affiliation: Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shifeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yonghua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000613:Aminobutyrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020171:Botrytis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D060467:Disease Resistance; D031985:Fragaria / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D013395:Sucrose / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000613:Aminobutyrates; D010940:Plant Proteins; C047667:3-aminobutyric acid; D013395:Sucrose
keywords: direct; induced resistance; priming; strawberry; sucrose metabolism; β-aminobutyric acid