title: Mood disturbance and depression in Arab women following hospitalisation from acute cardiac conditions: a cross-sectional study from Qatar.
abstract: Depression is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates among cardiovascular patients. Depressed patients have three times higher risk of death than those who are not. We sought to determine the presence of depressive symptoms, and whether gender and age are associated with depression among Arab patients hospitalised with cardiac conditions in a Middle Eastern country.
  
  
  
  Using a non-probability convenient sampling technique, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1000 Arab patients ≥20 years who were admitted to cardiology units between 2013 and 2014 at the Heart Hospital in Qatar. Patients were interviewed 3 days after admission following the cardiac event. Surveys included demographic and clinical characteristics, and the Arabic version of the Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition (BDI-II). Depression was assessed by BDI-II clinical classification scale.
  
  
  
  15% of the patients had mild mood disturbance and 5% had symptoms of clinical depression. Twice as many females than males suffered from mild mood disturbance and clinical depression symptoms, the majority of females were in the age group 50 years and above, whereas males were in the age group 40-49 years. χ(2) Tests and multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that gender and age were statistically significantly related to depression (p<0.001 for all).
  
  
  
  Older Arab women are more likely to develop mood disturbance and depression after being hospitalised with acute cardiac condition. Gender and age differences approach, and routine screening for depression should be conducted with all cardiovascular patients, especially for females in the older age groups. Mental health counselling should be available for all cardiovascular patients who exhibit depressive symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing and Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Tam Truong
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Donnelly
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Cardiology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Jassim Mohd
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Al Suwaidi
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Cardiology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Awad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Qahtani
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Cardiology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Nidal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Asaad
authors.affiliation: University of Calgary, Math/Information Technology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Tak
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.affiliation: Hamad Medical Corporation, Hamad General Hospital, Research Center/Adult Cardiology, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Rajvir
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hamad Medical Corporation, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Najlaa Abdul
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Qader
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D018912:Arabs / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011780:Qatar / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Arab women’s mental health; Depression among cardiac patients; Impact of gender and age; depression among Arab cardiac patients