title: Anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning in animals of Apulia and Basilicata, Italy.
abstract: This study evaluates the presence of anticoagulant rodenticides in animals with a diagnosis of suspected poisoning and in bait samples. The survey was carried out from 2010 to 2012, in 2 regions of South Italy (Puglia and Basilicata) on 300 organs of animals and 90 suspected bait samples. The qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted using an analytical method based on high‑performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorimetric detection (FLD) for the simultaneous determination of 8 anticoagulant rodenticides (bromadiolone, brodifacoum, coumachlor, coumafuryl, coumatetralyl, difenacoum, flocoumafen, and warfarin). The presence of anticoagulant rodenticides was detected in 33 organs of animals (11% of the total) and 6 bait samples (7% of the total). The most commonly detected compound was coumachlor (47% of 39 positive samples) followed by bromadiolone (24%), and brodifacoum (11%). The species mostly involved in anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning were dogs and cats. This study emphasizes the relevance of the determinations of anticoagulant rodenticides in cases of suspected poisoning in veterinary practice.
authors.affiliation: Struttura Complessa Chimica, S. S. Farmaci e Tossicologia, Istituto Zoopro lattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Marilena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muscarella
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Armentano
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iammarino
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Palermo
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amorena
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000506:poisoning*; D007558:Italy; D012378:Rodenticides / Q000506:poisoning*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D012378:Rodenticides