title: Time Orientation and 10 Years Risk of Dementia in Elderly Adults: The Three-City Study.
abstract: Time disorientation is commonly observed in dementia, however very little is known about the pathological significance of minor time errors in community-dwelling population. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between time orientation and risk of dementia in a population of older adults. Analyses relies on 8611 dementia-free subjects from the Three-City Study, France. Participants were followed up for 10 years for incident dementia. Time orientation was assessed by asking for the date, the day of the week, the month, the season and the year. At baseline, 905 subjects made at least one error in time orientation. During 57,073 person-years of follow-up, 827 participants developed dementia. After controlling for age, gender and education level, subjects with one error in time had a greater risk of dementia (hazard ratio [HR] 1.44 [1.18-1.77]), while those with at least 2 errors had a more than three-fold increased risk (HR 3.10 [1.98-4.83]). This association was particularly marked for the diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's disease. Time disorientation was associated with an increased risk of dementia in a large population of cognitively normal older people followed during up to 10 years and should not be underestimated in clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Memory Center of Lariboisiere Hospital, Centre Mémoire Ressources Recherche (CMRR) Paris Nord Ile-de-France, Saint Louis - Lariboisiere - Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.|INSERM U942, Biomarkers and neurocognition, University Paris 7-Denis Diderot, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dumurgier
authors.affiliation: CMRR d'Aquitaine, University hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dartigues
authors.affiliation: CMRR Montpellier, INSERM U1040, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gabelle
authors.affiliation: Memory Center of Lariboisiere Hospital, Centre Mémoire Ressources Recherche (CMRR) Paris Nord Ile-de-France, Saint Louis - Lariboisiere - Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.|INSERM U942, Biomarkers and neurocognition, University Paris 7-Denis Diderot, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paquet
authors.affiliation: Memory Center of Lariboisiere Hospital, Centre Mémoire Ressources Recherche (CMRR) Paris Nord Ile-de-France, Saint Louis - Lariboisiere - Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.|INSERM U942, Biomarkers and neurocognition, University Paris 7-Denis Diderot, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Magali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prevot
authors.affiliation: Memory Center of Lariboisiere Hospital, Centre Mémoire Ressources Recherche (CMRR) Paris Nord Ile-de-France, Saint Louis - Lariboisiere - Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.|INSERM U942, Biomarkers and neurocognition, University Paris 7-Denis Diderot, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hugon
authors.affiliation: INSERM U897 Neuroepidemiology, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tzourio
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D000066492:Cognitive Aging; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009949:Orientation; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013998:Time Perception
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E
keywords: Epidemiology; aging; dementia; neuropsychology; time orientation