title: Sedation and Monitoring in the Pediatric Patient during Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.
abstract: Sedation is a fundamental component of pediatric gastrointestinal procedures. The 2 main types of sedation for pediatric endoscopy remain general anesthesia and procedural sedation. Although anesthesiologist-administered sedation protocols are more common, there is no ideal regimen for endoscopy in children. This article discusses specific levels of sedation for endoscopy as well as various regimens that can be used to achieve each. Risks and considerations that may be specific to performing gastrointestinal procedures in children are reviewed. Finally, potential future directions for sedation and monitoring that may change the practice of pediatric gastroenterology and ultimately patient outcomes are examined.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia, UMass Memorial Medical Center, 55 Lake Street North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
authors.forename: Hyun Kee
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, UMass Memorial Children's Medical Center, University Campus, 55 Lake Street North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA. Electronic address: jenifer.lightdale@umassmemorial.org.
authors.forename: Jenifer R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lightdale
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000072080:Anesthesiologists; D002648:Child; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods*; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D054810:Deep Sedation / Q000379:methods*; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D000072102:Gastroenterologists; D006801:Humans; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods*; D010372:Pediatrics; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D018570:Risk Assessment
keywords: Endoscopy; Gastrointestinal; Gastrointestinal procedures; General anesthesia; Pediatrics; Procedural sedation; Sedation; Sedatives