title: High HIV-1 Diversity and Prevalence of Transmitted Drug Resistance Among Antiretroviral-Naive HIV-Infected Pregnant Women from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
abstract: Antiretroviral (ARV) resistance mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection may reduce the efficacy of prophylactic therapy to prevent mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and future treatment options. This study evaluated the diversity and the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) in protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) regions of HIV-1 pol gene among 87 ARV-naive HIV-1-infected pregnant women from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 2012 and 2015. The viral diversity comprised HIV-1 subtypes B (67.8%), F1 (17.2%), and C (4.6%); the circulating recombinant forms 12_BF (2.3%), 28/29_BF, 39_BF, 02_AG (1.1% each) and unique recombinants forms (4.5%). The overall prevalence of any TDR was 17.2%, of which 5.7% for nucleoside RT inhibitors, 5.7% for non-nucleoside RT inhibitors, and 8% for PR inhibitors. The TDR prevalence found in this population may affect the virological outcome of the standard PMTCT ARV-regimens, reinforcing the importance of continuous monitoring.
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratório de AIDS & Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .
authors.forename: Edson
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Delatorre
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratório de AIDS & Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Silva-de-Jesus
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratório de AIDS & Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .
authors.forename: José Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Couto-Fernandez
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratório de AIDS & Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .|2 Hospital Geral de Nova Iguaçu , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .
authors.forename: Jose H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Pilotto
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratório de AIDS & Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .
authors.forename: Mariza G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Morgado
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000235:genetics; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; C514824:reverse transcriptase, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D016333:HIV Protease; C514803:p16 protease, Human immunodeficiency virus 1
keywords: Brazil; HIV-1; PMTCT; TDR; pregnancy; subtypes