title: Calcitonin effects on shoulder adhesive capsulitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) is a relatively prevalent disease of shoulder and affects soft tissue of glenohumeral joint. Signs include painful restricted motion and disability of the patient in daily activities. Calcitonin is a thyroid hormone, and its effectiveness has been demonstrated in painful conditions. The presents study aims to evaluate the effect of calcitonin in treating shoulder adhesive capsulitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This double-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted on 64 patients suffering from shoulder adhesive capsulitis. The intervention and control groups were given intranasal calcitonin and placebo for 6 weeks, respectively. For both groups, physiotherapy and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were administered correspondingly. The patients were evaluated pre- and post-treatment for shoulder pain and shoulder range of motion (ROM). Shoulder functional outcome (secondary outcome) was evaluated using Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, and Health Assessment Questionnaire disability criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of patients in calcitonin and control group was 52.4 ± 4.6 and 53.2 ± 4.9, respectively. Demographic characteristics and pre-treatment scores were similar in both groups (all P > 0.05). In post-treatment follow-up, shoulder pain, ROM, and the patients' functional scores were significantly improved in both groups (P < 0.001); however, the improvement in calcitonin group was more effective than that of placebo group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intranasal calcitonin spray could be an additional safe alternative in shoulder adhesive capsulitis with regard to the efficiency in alleviating pain and improving functional outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  II.
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Department of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rouhani
authors.affiliation: Poursina Hospital, Orthopedic Department of Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Parastar Ave., Rasht, Iran. mardani.kivi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9437-5756
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mardani-Kivi
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Department of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammadreza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bazavar
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Department of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barzgar
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Department of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tabrizi
authors.affiliation: Poursina Hospital, Orthopedic Department of Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Parastar Ave., Rasht, Iran.
authors.forename: Keyvan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashemi-Motlagh
authors.affiliation: Poursina Hospital, Orthopedic Department of Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Parastar Ave., Rasht, Iran.
authors.forename: Khashayar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saheb-Ekhtiari
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002062:Bursitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D002116:Calcitonin
keywords: Adhesive capsulitis; Calcitonin; Physiotherapy; Range of motion; Shoulder