title: Developmental and Environmental Effects on Sesquiterpene Lactones in Cultivated Arnica montana L.
abstract: The amount of sesquiterpene lactones and the lactone profile of Arnica montana L. in flowering and seed formation stages in vitro and in vivo propagated from seeds of German, Ukrainian, and Austrian origin and grown in two experimental fields were studied. It was found that in vitro propagated 2-year plants in full flowering stage accumulated higher amount of lactones in comparison to in vivo propagated 3-year plants and to the seed formation stage, respectively. Helenalins predominated in in vivo propagated 2-year or in vitro propagated 3-year plants. 2-Methylbutyrate (2MeBu) was the principal ester in the samples with prevalence of helenalins, while isobutyrate (iBu) was the major one in the samples with predominance of 11,13-dihydrohelenalins. The results revealed that the environmental conditions on Vitosha Mt. are more suitable for cultivation of A. montana giving higher content of lactones.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 9, BG-1113 Sofia.
authors.forename: Milka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Todorova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 9, BG-1113 Sofia.
authors.forename: Antoaneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trendafilova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Gagarin Str. 2, BG-1113 Sofia.
authors.forename: Antonina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vitkova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, BG-1113 Sofia.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petrova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, BG-1113 Sofia.
authors.forename: Ely
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zayova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 9, BG-1113 Sofia.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Antonova
mesh_terms: D018650:Arnica / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001317:Austria; D004777:Environment; D005858:Germany; D007783:Lactones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014455:Ukraine
chemical_list: D007783:Lactones; D012717:Sesquiterpenes
keywords: Arnica montana; Asteraceae; Developmental and environmental factors; Helenalins, 11,13-Dihydrohelenalins; Sesquiterpene lactones