title: Socio-economic indicators are independently associated with intake of animal foods in French adults.
abstract: The specific role of major socio-economic indicators (education, occupation, income) in influencing consumer choice of animal foods (AF) intake could reveal distinct socio-economic facets, thus enabling elucidation of mechanisms leading to social inequalities in health. We investigated the independent association of each indicator with intake of different AF and their effect modification.
  
  
  
  Cross-sectional study. AF intake was estimated using three 24 h dietary records. Associations between socio-economic factors and AF intake and interactions between socio-economic indicators were assessed using ANCOVA adjusted for age and energy intake. Analyses were performed separately for men and women, since gender interactions were found.
  
  
  
  France.
  
  
  
  Adults (n 92 036) participating in the NutriNet-Santé Study.
  
  
  
  Low educated persons had higher intake of red meat (+9-12 g/d), processed meat (+6-9 g/d) and poultry (for men, +7 g/d) than those with a higher education level. Percentage of fish consumers was lower in individuals of the lowest income class compared with those in higher classes. Manual workers had a higher intake of cream desserts (for men, +14 g/d) than managerial staff. Few significant interactions were found. In stratified analyses, persons with the highest income consumed more yoghurt than those who had lower income, only in low educated individuals.
  
  
  
  Socio-economic disparities in AF intake varied according to the socio-economic indicator, suggesting the specific influence of each indicator on AF intake. In particular, lower education was associated with higher intake of red and processed meats and cream desserts, and had an effect modification on the relationship between income and AF intake.
authors.affiliation: 1Université Paris 13,Sorbonne Paris Cité,Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN),Centre d'Épidémiologie et Statistiques Paris Nord,Inserm (U1153),Inra (U1125),Cnam,Université Paris 5,Université Paris 7,F-93017 Bobigny,France.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Méjean
authors.affiliation: 1Université Paris 13,Sorbonne Paris Cité,Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN),Centre d'Épidémiologie et Statistiques Paris Nord,Inserm (U1153),Inra (U1125),Cnam,Université Paris 5,Université Paris 7,F-93017 Bobigny,France.
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Si Hassen
authors.affiliation: 1Université Paris 13,Sorbonne Paris Cité,Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN),Centre d'Épidémiologie et Statistiques Paris Nord,Inserm (U1153),Inra (U1125),Cnam,Université Paris 5,Université Paris 7,F-93017 Bobigny,France.
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lecossais
authors.affiliation: 1Université Paris 13,Sorbonne Paris Cité,Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN),Centre d'Épidémiologie et Statistiques Paris Nord,Inserm (U1153),Inra (U1125),Cnam,Université Paris 5,Université Paris 7,F-93017 Bobigny,France.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Allès
authors.affiliation: 1Université Paris 13,Sorbonne Paris Cité,Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN),Centre d'Épidémiologie et Statistiques Paris Nord,Inserm (U1153),Inra (U1125),Cnam,Université Paris 5,Université Paris 7,F-93017 Bobigny,France.
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Péneau
authors.affiliation: 1Université Paris 13,Sorbonne Paris Cité,Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN),Centre d'Épidémiologie et Statistiques Paris Nord,Inserm (U1153),Inra (U1125),Cnam,Université Paris 5,Université Paris 7,F-93017 Bobigny,France.
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hercberg
authors.affiliation: 2Université Paris 13,Sorbonne Paris Cité,Unité de Surveillance et d'Épidémiologie Nutritionnelle (USEN),SMBH Paris,Bobigny,France.
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Castetbon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003611:Dairy Products; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011200:Poultry; D000069466:Red Meat; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Animal foods; Education; Income; Occupation; Socio-economic position