title: Vascular Inflammation Evaluated by [18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Is Associated With Endothelial Dysfunction.
abstract: Endothelial dysfunction is an initial step in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, involvement of vascular inflammation in endothelial dysfunction is not fully investigated in humans because of the lack of diagnostic modality to noninvasively evaluate vascular inflammation. We assessed the relationship between endothelial function and vascular inflammation evaluated by [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomographic imaging.
  
  
  
  We examined endothelial function and vascular inflammation by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery and [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomographic imaging of carotid arteries, respectively, in 145 subjects (95 men and 50 women; mean age, 61.8±9.5 years) who underwent a risk-screening test for cardiovascular disease in Kurume University Hospital. Vascular inflammation was measured by blood-normalized standardized uptake value, known as a target:background ratio (TBR). We investigated whether absolute changes from baseline of %FMD after antihypertensive treatment for 6 months (Δ%FMD) were correlated with those of TBR in 33 drug-naive patients with essential hypertension. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age (odds ratio, 1.767 for 10-year increase), male sex (odds ratio, 0.434), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (odds ratio, 1.630 for 26-mg/dL increase), and TBR values (odds ratio, 1.759 for 0.2 increase) were independently associated with %FMD in 145 patients. There was an inverse correlation between Δ%FMD and ΔTBR; ΔTBR was a sole independent associate of Δ%FMD in hypertensive patients (r=-0.558; P<0.001).
  
  
  
  The present study showed that vascular inflammation in the carotid arteries evaluated by [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography was one of the independent correlates of decreased %FMD, thus suggesting the association of vascular inflammation with endothelial dysfunction in humans.
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.H., N.T., Y.N., A.T., S.I., M.B., T.N., Y.S., M.E., H.A., Y.F.), Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications (S-i.Y.), and Department of Radiology (H.K., S.K., K.F., T.A.), Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.).
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.H., N.T., Y.N., A.T., S.I., M.B., T.N., Y.S., M.E., H.A., Y.F.), Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications (S-i.Y.), and Department of Radiology (H.K., S.K., K.F., T.A.), Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.). ntahara@med.kurume-u.ac.jp shoichi@med.kurume-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tahara
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.H., N.T., Y.N., A.T., S.I., M.B., T.N., Y.S., M.E., H.A., Y.F.), Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications (S-i.Y.), and Department of Radiology (H.K., S.K., K.F., T.A.), Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.).
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nitta
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.H., N.T., Y.N., A.T., S.I., M.B., T.N., Y.S., M.E., H.A., Y.F.), Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications (S-i.Y.), and Department of Radiology (H.K., S.K., K.F., T.A.), Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.).
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tahara
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.H., N.T., Y.N., A.T., S.I., M.B., T.N., Y.S., M.E., H.A., Y.F.), Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications (S-i.Y.), and Department of Radiology (H.K., S.K., K.F., T.A.), Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.).
authors.forename: Sachiyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Igata
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.H., N.T., Y.N., A.T., S.I., M.B., T.N., Y.S., M.E., H.A., Y.F.), Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications (S-i.Y.), and Department of Radiology (H.K., S.K., K.F., T.A.), Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.).
authors.forename: Munehisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bekki
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.H., N.T., Y.N., A.T., S.I., M.B., T.N., Y.S., M.E., H.A., Y.F.), Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications (S-i.Y.), and Department of Radiology (H.K., S.K., K.F., T.A.), Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.).
authors.forename: Tomohisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.H., N.T., Y.N., A.T., S.I., M.B., T.N., Y.S., M.E., H.A., Y.F.), Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications (S-i.Y.), and Department of Radiology (H.K., S.K., K.F., T.A.), Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.).
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.H., N.T., Y.N., A.T., S.I., M.B., T.N., Y.S., M.E., H.A., Y.F.), Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications (S-i.Y.), and Department of Radiology (H.K., S.K., K.F., T.A.), Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.).
authors.forename: Hayato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaida
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.H., N.T., Y.N., A.T., S.I., M.B., T.N., Y.S., M.E., H.A., Y.F.), Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications (S-i.Y.), and Department of Radiology (H.K., S.K., K.F., T.A.), Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.).
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurata
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.H., N.T., Y.N., A.T., S.I., M.B., T.N., Y.S., M.E., H.A., Y.F.), Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications (S-i.Y.), and Department of Radiology (H.K., S.K., K.F., T.A.), Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.).
authors.forename: Kiminori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.H., N.T., Y.N., A.T., S.I., M.B., T.N., Y.S., M.E., H.A., Y.F.), Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications (S-i.Y.), and Department of Radiology (H.K., S.K., K.F., T.A.), Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.).
authors.forename: Toshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.H., N.T., Y.N., A.T., S.I., M.B., T.N., Y.S., M.E., H.A., Y.F.), Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications (S-i.Y.), and Department of Radiology (H.K., S.K., K.F., T.A.), Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.).
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.H., N.T., Y.N., A.T., S.I., M.B., T.N., Y.S., M.E., H.A., Y.F.), Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications (S-i.Y.), and Department of Radiology (H.K., S.K., K.F., T.A.), Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.).
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.H., N.T., Y.N., A.T., S.I., M.B., T.N., Y.S., M.E., H.A., Y.F.), Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications (S-i.Y.), and Department of Radiology (H.K., S.K., K.F., T.A.), Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.).
authors.forename: Jagat
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Narula
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.H., N.T., Y.N., A.T., S.I., M.B., T.N., Y.S., M.E., H.A., Y.F.), Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications (S-i.Y.), and Department of Radiology (H.K., S.K., K.F., T.A.), Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.). ntahara@med.kurume-u.ac.jp shoichi@med.kurume-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Sho-Ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.H., N.T., Y.N., A.T., S.I., M.B., T.N., Y.S., M.E., H.A., Y.F.), Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications (S-i.Y.), and Department of Radiology (H.K., S.K., K.F., T.A.), Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.).
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukumoto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D007564:Japan; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D000072078:Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
keywords: 18F fluorodeoxyglucose; antihypertensive agents; cholesterol, LDL; inflammation; positron-emission tomography