title: [The neuroanatomy of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: neuropsychological and clinical correlates].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The development of structural magnetic resonance scanning and new methods of analysis has made it possible to explore, in a hitherto unknown way, the neuroanatomical bases of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Yet, little is known about the relation between the clinical symptoms and the neuropsychological dysfunctions characterising ADHD and the neuroanatomical alterations that are observed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore the relation between neuroanatomy, clinical features and neuropsychology in ADHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  At group level, there are a number of marked differences between the brain of children, adolescents and adults with ADHD and the brain of subjects with a typical development. These differences are observed cross-sectionally and longitudinally in all the measurements, both in the grey matter and in the white matter. Although still scarce, there is an increasing body of evidence showing that these differences are related with the core symptoms of the disorder and with the degree of clinical dysfunction. They also appear to be associated with cognitive functioning (mainly attention and inhibitory control).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relation among the different levels of analysis in the study of ADHD bring research closer to the clinical features and allows a better understanding and management of the disorder. Although progress is undoubtedly being made in this field, there are still many questions that need exploring in greater depth. There is a need for a better understanding of the association between the neuroanatomical measurements and each dimension of the symptoms, and their relationship with other neuropsychological processes that are also involved in the disorder.
authors.affiliation: UAM. Universidad Autonoma de Madrid. Facultad de Psicologia, 28049 Madrid, Espana.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.affiliation: Hospital Quiron, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Espana.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Jaen
authors.affiliation: Hospital Quiron, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Espana.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martin Fernandez-Mayoralas
authors.affiliation: Universidad Rey Juan Carlos. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, 28922 Alcorcon, Espana.|Centro Neuromottiva, Madrid, Espana.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lopez-Martin
authors.affiliation: Hospital Quiron, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Espana.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Perrone
authors.affiliation: Centro de Salud Doctor Cirajas, Madrid, Espana.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Calleja-Perez
authors.affiliation: Hospital Quiron Madrid, Madrid, Espana.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jimenez-De la Pena
authors.affiliation: Hospital Quiron Madrid, Madrid, Espana.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Recio-Rodriguez
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009445:Neuroanatomy; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D066127:White Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology