title: Aggression in autism spectrum disorder: presentation and treatment options.
abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent difficulties in social communication and social interaction, coupled with restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior or interest. Research indicates that aggression rates may be higher in individuals with ASD compared to those with other developmental disabilities. Aggression is associated with negative outcomes for children with ASD and their caregivers, including decreased quality of life, increased stress levels, and reduced availability of educational and social support. Therapeutic strategies including functional behavioral assessment, reinforcement strategies, and functional communication training may have a significant impact in reducing the frequency and intensity of aggressive behavior in individuals with ASD. Pharmacologic treatments, particularly the use of second-generation antipsychotics, may also be of some benefit in reducing aggression in individuals with ASD. With the ever-increasing rate of ASD diagnosis, development of effective therapeutic and pharmacologic methods for preventing and treating aggression are essential to improving outcomes in this disorder.
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Fitzpatrick
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Srivorakiat
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Logan K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Wink
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Ernest V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Pedapati
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Erickson
keywords: aggression; antipsychotics; applied behavior analysis; autism; autism spectrum disorder; treatment