title: Physiological and biochemical characterization of two Amaranthus species under Cr(VI) stress differing in Cr(VI) tolerance.
abstract: The present study was undertaken to evaluate Cr(VI) toxicity tolerance in two Amaranthus species viz. Amaranthus viridis and Amaranthus cruentus exposed to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] stress. To ascertain this, both Amaranthus species were grown under various concentrations (0, 10 and 50 μM) of Cr(VI) in the hydroponic system. After 7 days of Cr(VI) treatment, various traits such as growth, Cr accumulation, photochemistry of photosystem II (PS II) (JIP-test), oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system were analyzed. Cr(VI) treatments caused inhibition in growth and PS II photochemistry, which was accompanied with increased accumulation of Cr that results into enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS): O2-and H2O2, which subsequently induced the peroxidation of lipids and leakage of electrolyte in both the Amaranthus species. Cr(VI) accumulation, lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage were more pronounced in A. viridis than in A. cruentus. On the other hand, A. cruentus seedlings showed higher activities of enzymatic antioxidants: SOD, POD, CAT and GST, and non-enzymatic antioxidants: cysteine and non-protein thiols (NP-SH) levels than A. viridis. The overall results suggest that A. cruentus is more tolerant than A. viridis due to its higher antioxidant defense system that protected seedlings under Cr(VI) stress.
authors.affiliation: Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India.
authors.forename: Gausiya
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bashri
authors.affiliation: Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India.
authors.forename: Parul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parihar
authors.affiliation: Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India.
authors.forename: Rachana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India.
authors.forename: Samiksha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Govt. Ramanuj Pratap Singhdev Post Graduate College, Baikunthpur, Koriya, 497335, Chhattisgarh, India. Electronic address: vijaypratap.au@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vijay Pratap
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India. Electronic address: profsmprasad@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sheo Mohan
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Prasad
mesh_terms: D027721:Amaranthus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D002857:Chromium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D004798:Enzymes; D002857:Chromium; D002734:Chlorophyll; C074702:chromium hexavalent ion; D002338:Carotenoids; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Antioxidant defense system; Chromium accumulation; Oxidative stress; Photochemistry of photosystem II