title: Impact of CCL2 and CCR2 chemokine/receptor deficiencies on macrophage recruitment and continuous glucose monitoring in vivo.
abstract: The accumulation of macrophages (MΦ) at the sensor-tissue interface is thought to be a major player in controlling tissue reactions and sensor performance in vivo. Nevertheless until recently no direct demonstration of the causal relationship between MΦ aggregation and loss of sensor function existed. Using a Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) murine model we previously demonstrated that genetic deficiencies of MΦ or depletion of MΦ decreased MΦ accumulation at sensor implantation sites, which led to significantly enhanced CGM performance, when compared to normal mice. Additional studies in our laboratories have also demonstrated that MΦ can act as "metabolic sinks" by depleting glucose levels at the implanted sensors in vitro and in vivo. In the present study we extended these observations by demonstrating that MΦ chemokine (CCL2) and receptor (CCR2) knockout mice displayed a decrease in inflammation and MΦ recruitment at sensor implantation sites, when compared to normal mice. This decreased MΦ recruitment significantly enhanced CGM performance when compared to control mice. These studies demonstrated the importance of the CCL2 family of chemokines and related receptors in MΦ recruitment and sensor performance and suggest chemokine targets for enhancing CGM in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Tissue Engineering, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA. Electronic address: klueh@uchc.edu.
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Klueh
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Tissue Engineering, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Czajkowski
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Tissue Engineering, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
authors.forename: Izabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ludzinska
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Tissue Engineering, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Tissue Engineering, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
authors.forename: Jackman
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frailey
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Tissue Engineering, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
authors.forename: Donald L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Kreutzer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000379:methods*; D054390:Receptors, CCR2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; C491768:Ccl2 protein, mouse; C515335:Ccr2 protein, mouse; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054390:Receptors, CCR2
keywords: Chemotaxis; Continuous glucose monitoring; Diabetes; Inflammation; Macrophage