title: Identification with Multiple Groups in Multiethnic Middle Schools: What Predicts Social Ingroup Overlap?
abstract: Self-definition becomes a central task during early adolescence, as youth identify with multiple social groups. Focusing on ethnic identification and identification with other salient social ingroups (e.g., those based on extracurricular activities), we examined predictors of perceived ingroup membership overlap among ethnically diverse adolescents (n = 1264; Mage= 12.51; 53 % female). Social ingroup overlap remained relatively stable, but decreased, across the seventh to eighth grade. The number of cross-ethnic classmates in seventh grade predicted lower overlap in the eighth grade, and cross-ethnic friendships by eighth grade mediated this association. Findings underscore the opportunities provided by multiethnic middle schools for youth to connect and befriend one another across ethnic lines, as well as to foster divergent social identities that are associated with positive intergroup attitudes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819-6007, USA. casey.knifsend@csus.edu.
authors.forename: Casey A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Knifsend
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA.
authors.forename: Ariana N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA.
authors.forename: Jaana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Juvonen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D011822:Race Relations; D012574:Schools; D012933:Social Identification; D013334:Students
keywords: Cross-ethnic friendships; Ethnic identification; Multiethnic schools; Social identification