title: Chemopreventive effect and lack of genotoxicity and mutagenicity of the exopolysaccharide botryosphaeran on human lymphocytes.
abstract: Carbohydrate biopolymers of fungal-origin are an important natural resource in the search for new bioagents with therapeutic and nutraceutical potential. In this study the mutagenic, genotoxic, antigenotoxic and antioxidant properties of the fungal exopolysaccharide botryosphaeran, a (1→3)(1→6)-β-D-glucan, from Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05, was evaluated. The mutagenicity was assessed at five concentrations in Salmonella typhimurium by the Ames test. Normal and tumor (Jurkat cells) human T lymphocyte cultures were used to evaluate the genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity (Comet assay) of botryosphaeran alone and in combination with the mutagen methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). The ability of botryosphaeran to reduce the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) generated by hydrogen peroxide was assessed using the CM-H2DCFDA probe in lymphocyte cultures under different treatment times. None of the evaluated botryosphaeran concentrations were mutagenic in bacteria, nor induced genotoxicity in normal and tumor lymphocytes. Botryosphaeran protected lymphocyte DNA against damage caused by MMS under simultaneous treatment and post-treatment conditions. However, botryosphaeran was not able to reduce the RONS generated by H2O2. Besides the absence of genotoxicity, botryosphaeran exerted a protective effect on human lymphocytes against genotoxic damage caused by MMS. These results are important in the validation of botryosphaeran as a therapeutic agent targeting health promotion.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, CEP 86.057-970, Londrina, , PR, Brazil. Electronic address: maressa.malini@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malini
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, Km 01, s/n, CEP 14.800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: marianasantoro@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clinicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, CEP 14.040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: livia.hernandes@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Hernandes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, CEP 14.040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: cvrechia@fcfrp.usp.br.
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Vargas-Rechia
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, Km 01, s/n, CEP 14.800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: eavaranda@gmail.com.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Varanda
authors.affiliation: Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada. Electronic address: anelibarbosa@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada. Electronic address: rdekker@lakeheadu.ca.
authors.forename: R F H
authors.initials: RFH
authors.lastname: Dekker
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais - Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, CEP 29.075-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil. Electronic address: siltamie@gmail.com.
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clinicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, CEP 14.040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: lusania@fcfrp.usp.br.
authors.forename: L M G
authors.initials: LMG
authors.lastname: Antunes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, CEP 86.057-970, Londrina, , PR, Brazil. Electronic address: ilcecolus@gmail.com.
authors.forename: I M S
authors.initials: IMS
authors.lastname: Cólus
mesh_terms: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005936:Glucans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008741:Methyl Methanesulfonate / Q000633:toxicity; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D005936:Glucans; D009153:Mutagens; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C483238:botryosphaeran; D008741:Methyl Methanesulfonate
keywords: (1→3)(1→6)-β-D-glucan; Ames test; Antigenotoxicity; Comet assay; Human T lymphocytes; Jurkat cells