title: Adipo/cytokines in atherosclerotic secretomes: increased visfatin levels in unstable carotid plaque.
abstract: Novel pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory derivatives from adipose tissue, known as adipokines, act as metabolic factors. The aim of this study was to analyse the secreted expression of different adipo/cytokines in secretomes of unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaque versus non-atherosclerotic mammary artery.
  
  
  
  We evaluated the secretion levels of adiponectin, visfatin, lipocalin-2, resistin, IL-6 and TNFR2 by ELISA in human secretomes from cultured unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaque (n = 18) and non-atherosclerotic mammary artery (n = 13). We also measured visfatin serum levels in patients suffering from atherosclerosis and in a serum cohort of healthy subjects (n = 16).
  
  
  
  We found that visfatin levels were significantly increased in unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaque secretome than in non-atherosclerotic mammary artery secretome. No differences were found with regard the other adipo/cytokines studied. Regarding visfatin circulating levels, there were no differences between unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaque and non-atherosclerotic mammary artery group. However, these visfatin levels were increased in comparison to serum cohort of healthy subjects.
  
  
  
  Of all the adipo/cytokines analysed, only visfatin showed increased levels in secretomes of unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Additional human studies are needed to clarify the possible role of visfatin as prognostic factor of unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaque.
authors.affiliation: Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR - Medicina Aplicada. Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007, Tarragona, Spain.|Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Auguet
authors.affiliation: Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR - Medicina Aplicada. Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aragonès
authors.affiliation: Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR - Medicina Aplicada. Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guiu-Jurado
authors.affiliation: Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR - Medicina Aplicada. Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berlanga
authors.affiliation: Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR - Medicina Aplicada. Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Curriu
authors.affiliation: Servei Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Salomé
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ajla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alibalic
authors.affiliation: Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR - Medicina Aplicada. Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.affiliation: Servei de Cirurgia Cardíaca, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain.
authors.forename: María-Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Camara
authors.affiliation: Servei Angiologia i Cirurgia Vascular, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Esteban
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.affiliation: Servei de Cirurgia Cardíaca, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ruyra
authors.affiliation: Servei Angiologia i Cirurgia Vascular, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martín-Paredero
authors.affiliation: Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR - Medicina Aplicada. Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007, Tarragona, Spain. crichart.hj23.ics@gencat.cat.|Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain. crichart.hj23.ics@gencat.cat.
authors.forename: Cristóbal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Richart
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase
keywords: Adipo/cytokines; Atheroma plaque; Atherosclerosis; Secretome; Visfatin