title: Effect of Germination and Fermentation Process on the Antioxidant Compounds of Quinoa Seeds.
abstract: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) seed has gained a great interest in the last years, mainly due to its nutritional properties and its content of antioxidant substances with health-promoting properties in humans. In this work, the effect of germination time and fermentation on the levels of antioxidant compounds (ascorbic acid, tocopherol isomers and phenolic compounds) and antioxidant activity of quinoa seeds was evaluated. Fermentation was carried out naturally by the microorganisms present in the seeds or by inoculation with two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains (used for baking and brewing). Ascorbic acid and total tocopherols were significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) after 72 h of germination process in comparison with raw quinoa seeds, whilst fermentation caused a decrease in both types of compounds. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity were improved using both bioprocesses, being this effect more noticeable for germination process (101 % of increase after three days of germination). Germination and fermentation proved to be desirable procedures for producing enriched ingredients with health-promoting antioxidant compounds in a natural way.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Av. del Valle 5737, 7400, Olavarría, Argentina.
authors.forename: Ramiro Ariel
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Carciochi
authors.affiliation: ISA, Univ. Lille 1, INRA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 - ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, 48 Boulevard Vauban, F-59000, Lille, France. leandro.galvan@isa-lille.fr.
authors.forename: Leandro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Galván-D'Alessandro
authors.affiliation: ISA, Univ. Lille 1, INRA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 - ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, 48 Boulevard Vauban, F-59000, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vandendriessche
authors.affiliation: ISA, Univ. Lille 1, INRA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 - ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, 48 Boulevard Vauban, F-59000, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chollet
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D027465:Chenopodium quinoa / Q000737:chemistry*; D005285:Fermentation / Q000502:physiology*; D005511:Food Handling; D018525:Germination / Q000502:physiology*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010636:Phenols; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D024505:Tocopherols
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Ascorbic acid; Chenopodium quinoa; Fermentation; Germination; Phenolic compounds; Tocopherols