title: MRI-based computational hemodynamics in patients with aortic coarctation using the lattice Boltzmann methods: Clinical validation study.
abstract: To introduce a scheme based on a recent technique in computational hemodynamics, known as the lattice Boltzmann methods (LBM), to noninvasively measure pressure gradients in patients with a coarctation of the aorta (CoA). To provide evidence on the accuracy of the proposed scheme, the computed pressure drop values are compared against those obtained using the reference standard method of catheterization.
  
  
  
  Pre- and posttreatment LBM-based pressure gradients for 12 patients with CoA were simulated for the time point of peak systole using the open source library OpenLB. Four-dimensional (4D) flow-sensitive phase-contrast MRI at 1.5 Tesla was used to acquire flow and to setup the simulation. The vascular geometry was reconstructed using 3D whole-heart MRI. Patients underwent pre- and postinterventional pressure catheterization as a reference standard.
  
  
  
  There is a significant linear correlation between the pretreatment catheter pressure drops and those computed based on the LBM simulation, r=.85, P<.001. The bias was -0.58 ± 4.1 mmHg and was not significant ( P=0.64) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of -3.22 to 2.06. For the posttreatment results, the bias was larger and at -2.54 ± 3.53 mmHg with a 95% CI of -0.17 to -4.91 mmHg.
  
  
  
  The results indicate a reasonable agreement between the simulation results and the catheter measurements. LBM-based computational hemodynamics can be considered as an alternative to more traditional computational fluid dynamics schemes for noninvasive pressure calculations and can assist in diagnosis and therapy planning.
  
  
  
  3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:139-146.
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer MEVIS, Institute for Medical Image Computing, Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Hanieh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mirzaee
authors.affiliation: Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruher Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Henn
authors.affiliation: Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruher Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Mathias J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.affiliation: Biofluid Mechanics Laboratory, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.|Non-Invasive Cardiac Imaging in Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, and German Heart Institute, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Leonid
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goubergrits
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer MEVIS, Institute for Medical Image Computing, Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schumann
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer MEVIS, Institute for Medical Image Computing, Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neugebauer
authors.affiliation: Non-Invasive Cardiac Imaging in Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, and German Heart Institute, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Titus
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuehne
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer MEVIS, Institute for Medical Image Computing, Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Preusser
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer MEVIS, Institute for Medical Image Computing, Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hennemuth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001011:Aorta / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001017:Aortic Coarctation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: aortic coarctation; catheterization; computational fluid dynamics; lattice Boltzmann method; magnetic resonance imaging; pressure gradient