title: Transient risk factors for acute occupational hand injuries among metal manufacturing workers: A case-crossover study in southern China.
abstract: Acute occupational hand injuries are a common occurrence in China's metal manufacturing industries. This study aimed to explore the transient risk factors for acute occupational hand injuries among metal manufacturing workers.
  
  
  
  A case-crossover study was conducted from October 2013 through December 2013 in Zhongshan city, southern China. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect information on the occurrence of 12 transient risk factors during the "hazard" period (a 60-min period prior to occupational hand injury) and a "control" period (the week before the injury).
  
  
  
  One hundred ninety-four qualified acute occupational hand injury cases (139 male, 55 female) were enrolled in this study, with a mean age of 35.5 (standard deviation [SD] 10.4) years. The most common (64.9%) type of work was punching, and the most common injures were crushes and fractures (28.8 and 23.7%, respectively). Of these cases, 62.9% were regarded as severe or major. Among the 12 transient risk factors, 11 ones were significantly associated with acute occupational hand injuries occurring during the hazard period: "replacing sharp knives" (IRR = 14.38, 95%CI 11.43-18.08), "using malfunctioning machinery" (IRR = 30.59, 95%CI 17.84-52.48), "using different tools" (IRR = 10.96, 95%CI 4.77-25.17), "using different machines" (IRR = 5.20, 95%CI 2.25-12.00), "performing unusual work tasks" (IRR = 24.38, 95%CI 14.11-42.15), "working overtime" (IRR = 13.40, 95%CI 7.70-23.29), "performing a task with a different method" (IRR = 56.41, 95%CI 23.61-134.81), "being in a bad mood" (IRR = 108.11, 95%CI 55.10-211.11), "feeling ill" (RR = 12.27, 95%CI 4.95-30.43), "rushing" (IRR = 5.16, 95%CI 2.49-10.70), and "not wearing gloves" (IRR = 1.63, 95%CI 1.23-2.15).
  
  
  
  Our study suggested that multiple transient risk factors were responsible for the acute occupational hand injuries in China's metal manufacturing industries. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:832-840, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. xinxialiu@126.com.|Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China. xinxialiu@126.com.
authors.forename: Xin-Xia
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Guo-Xian
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Qiang
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Shu-Yu
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zong
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. chenwq@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wei-Qing
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000328:Adult; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006230:Hand Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D000072499:Manufacturing and Industrial Facilities; D008670:Metals; D008875:Middle Aged; D060051:Occupational Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008670:Metals
keywords: case-crossover; metal manufacturing; occupational hand injuries; relative risk; transient risk factors