title: Multiclass pesticide analysis in fruit-based baby food: A comparative study of sample preparation techniques previous to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: With the aim to develop a new gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method to analyze 24 pesticide residues in baby foods at the level imposed by established regulation two simple, rapid and environmental-friendly sample preparation techniques based on QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, robust and safe) were compared - QuEChERS with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and QuEChERS with dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE). Both sample preparation techniques achieved suitable performance criteria, including selectivity, linearity, acceptable recovery (70-120%) and precision (⩽20%). A higher enrichment factor was observed for DLLME and consequently better limits of detection and quantification were obtained. Nevertheless, d-SPE provided a more effective removal of matrix co-extractives from extracts than DLLME, which contributed to lower matrix effects. Twenty-two commercial fruit-based baby food samples were analyzed by the developed method, being procymidone detected in one sample at a level above the legal limit established by EU.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mateus H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Petrarca
authors.affiliation: LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: José O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: helena@fea.unicamp.br.
authors.forename: Helena T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Godoy
authors.affiliation: LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: sara.cunha@ff.up.pt.
authors.forename: Sara C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Cunha
mesh_terms: D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007225:Infant Food / Q000032:analysis*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues
keywords: Baby food; Contaminants; DLLME; Pesticides; QuEChERS; d-SPE