title: Early dengue virus interactions: the role of dendritic cells during infection.
abstract: Dengue is an acute infectious disease caused by dengue virus (DENV) that affects approximately 400 million people annually, being the most prevalent human arthropod-borne disease. DENV infection causes a wide variety of clinical manifestations that range from asymptomatic to dengue fever, and in some cases may evolve to the more severe dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. The exact reasons why some patients do not have symptoms while others develop the severe forms of disease are still elusive, but gathered evidence showed correlation between a secondary infection with a heterologous DENV serotype and the occurrence of severe symptoms. Despite several advances, the mechanisms of DENV infection are still not completely elucidated, and efforts have been made to understand the development of immunity and/or pathology to DENV. When a mosquito transmits DENV, the virus is initially deposited in the skin, where mononuclear phagocytic cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), become infected. DCs play a critical role in the induction of immune responses, as they are able to rapidly detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns, endocytose and process antigens, and efficiently activate naïve-T and B cells. Recent findings have shown that DCs serve as DENV targets, but they are also important mediators of immunity against the virus. In this review, we will briefly discuss DENV infection pathogenesis, and introduce DCs as central players in the induction of anti-DENV immune responses. Then, we will review in more detail how DENV interacts with and is sensed by DCs, with particular emphasis in two classes of receptors implicated in viral entry.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Antigen Targeting Dendritic Cells, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Higo Fernando
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Santos Souza
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Antigen Targeting Dendritic Cells, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bianca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: da Silva Almeida
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Antigen Targeting Dendritic Cells, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Vaccines, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Electronic address: sbboscardin@usp.br.
authors.forename: Silvia Beatriz
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Boscardin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D003715:Dengue / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000502:physiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity; D011485:Protein Binding; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D053585:Virus Attachment; D053586:Virus Internalization
chemical_list: D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins
keywords: Dendritic cells; Dengue fever; Immune responses; Surface receptors