title: Single Incision Distal Biceps Repair With Hemi-Krackow Suture Technique: Surgical Technique and Early Outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many surgical methods exist for distal biceps repair. We present the technique and early outcomes of a series of distal biceps repairs completed with a novel suturing technique utilizing a hemi-Krackow locking stitch at the tendon-bone interface.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was performed of patients who underwent primary distal biceps repair using a single anterior incision with 2 suture anchors utilizing a hemi-Krackow stitch. With both anchors, a locking stitch along the tendon edge was complimented by the other strand passing through the central aspect of the distal tendon and advanced to pull the tendon edge down to the bone with appropriate tension. Patients with revision surgery and the use of allograft were excluded. Clinical outcomes included elbow range of motion and grip strength. All patients completed a Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) questionnaire and reported satisfaction level, pain level, and any postoperative complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen patients with an average age of 51.3 years (range, 27.8-66.4 years) were included in the study. The dominant arm was injured in 9 cases. At an average of 16.4 months' follow-up (range, 6.8-34.3 months), all patients had elbow range of motion of 0° to >130°, and grip strength was 101.5% of the uninjured arm (range, 70.6%-121.4%). The Average QuickDASH score was 6.5 (range, 0-36.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single incision biceps repair with suture anchor fixation using our hemi-Krackow stitch provided a strong repair allowing easy tensioning of the biceps tendon to bone and showed satisfactory functional outcomes at early follow-up. No patients required revision surgery, and there was only 1 case of transient nerve complaints.
authors.affiliation: Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goljan
authors.affiliation: Hahnemann University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Nimit
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Justin D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Stull
authors.affiliation: Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Brandon P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Donnelly
authors.affiliation: Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Randall W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Culp
keywords: Krackow; biceps; distal biceps repair; outcomes; surgery