title: Ultrasound-guided vessel catheterization in adult Yorkshire cross-bred pigs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe an ultrasound-guided approach for venous and arterial vascular access and catheterization in anesthetized adult Yorkshire cross-bred pigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten adult female Yorkshire cross-bred pigs, weighing 78.4 ± 5.6 kg (mean ± standard deviation).
  
  
  METHODS
  Using ultrasound guidance and the Seldinger technique, a 7 Fr, 20 cm triple-lumen central venous catheter was placed in the external jugular vein and an 18 gauge, 16 cm catheter was placed in the femoral artery. The success rate of catheterization and the incidence of catheter patency over 24 hours of general anesthesia were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Catheterization of the external jugular vein was successful in 10 out of 10 pigs and catheterization of the femoral artery was successful in eight out of 10 pigs. A surgical dissection technique on the femoral artery was performed in two pigs. Venous and arterial catheter patency was maintained in all pigs over the 24 hour study period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasound guidance resulted in success rates of 100% for catheterization of the external jugular vein and 80% for catheterization of the femoral artery in anesthetized adult Yorkshire cross-bred pigs. This technique is a noninvasive, easily performed alternative to surgical exposure of the vessels in large pigs undergoing surgical instrumentation for biomedical device testing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Penn State Hershey Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA. Electronic address: jizer@hmc.psu.edu.
authors.forename: Jenelle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Izer
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Penn State Hershey Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Krista
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hernon
authors.affiliation: Penn State Hershey Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Akif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ündar
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D002404:Catheterization; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery; D007601:Jugular Veins; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013552:Swine; D014463:Ultrasonography; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000662:veterinary*
keywords: catheterization; pig; technique; ultrasound; vascular access