title: Effects of repetitive photodynamic therapy using indocyanine green for acne vulgaris.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Indocyanine green (ICG) is a photosensitizer recently introduced for the treatment of acne.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using ICG in subjects with acne vulgaris and to evaluate whether there was a difference in the efficacy of ICG-PDT between different numbers of treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects with acne on the face were included. ICG lotion (0.1%) was applied for 30 minutes, and a long pulse diode laser was used. Three or five treatments per subject were performed over 2 weeks. Acne lesion counts and Leeds revised acne grades were evaluated at baseline and 2 weeks after the last treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 47 subjects completed the study. After both three and five ICG-PDT sessions, a significant reduction in acne lesions and significant improvement in Leeds revised acne grades were found in all treated subjects compared to baseline. In the subjects receiving five ICG-PDT sessions, the reduction of papules/pustules was greater than in the subjects receiving three ICG-PDT sessions (P < 0.01, respectively). However, there was no significant change in the count of nodules/cysts, although it is a negative trend (P = 0.066). Adverse effects were minimal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ICG-PDT using long-pulsed diode laser can be a safe and effective tool for acne vulgaris. Moreover, repetitive treatments of five can cause further improvement of inflammatory acne lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: CleanUp Dermatologic Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung-Geun
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: CleanUp Dermatologic Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Joong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: CleanUp Dermatologic Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Hun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: CleanUp Dermatologic Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: CleanUp Dermatologic Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang-Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: CleanUp Dermatologic Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Joung-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: CleanUp Dermatologic Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Joon
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: CleanUp Dermatologic Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: CleanUp Dermatologic Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang-Joon
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: CleanUp Dermatologic Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Han-Saem
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-In
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8869-5684
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: CleanUp Dermatologic Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Kyu
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. susini@naver.com.
authors.forename: Won-Serk
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005148:Facial Dermatoses / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054023:Lasers, Semiconductor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green
keywords: Acne vulgaris; Photodynamic therapy