title: Facile synthesis of a ratiometric oxygen nanosensor for cellular imaging.
abstract: A new type of cell-penetrating ratiometric fluorescence oxygen sensing nanoparticle was prepared through a facile co-precipitation method. Amphiphilic polymer poly (styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (PSMA) was firstly cooperated with polystyrene (PS) to envelop the highly photostable phosphorescent oxygen indicator, platinum(II)-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (PtTFPP, emission at 648nm), and the reference fluorophore, poly(9, 9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO, emission at 440nm ), via hydrophobic interaction in aqueous solution. To improve the sensor biocompatibility, the biomacromolecule poly-l-lysine (PLL) was selected to act as a shell via electrostatic forces. The as-prepared PtTFPP doped core-shell nanoparticles (called PPMA/PLL NPs) exhibited an excellent ratiometric luminescence response to O2 content with high quenching efficiency and full reversibility in the oxygen sensing. More importantly, these oxygen nanosensors passed across the cell membrane after co-incubation without external force. Labeled cells exhibited high brightness in the matching blue and red channels of a digital camera. And most nanosensors were found locating in cytoplasm rather than being trapped in endosomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Sisi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Jinliang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Yiying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of pharmaceutical sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Xiamen Huaxia College, Xiamen 361024, China.
authors.forename: Qiuhong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Yaqi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Yiru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. Electronic address: xichen@xmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D058948:Cell Tracking / Q000379:methods*; D005590:Fractional Precipitation / Q000379:methods; D006367:HeLa Cells; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010092:Oximetry / Q000379:methods*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Cellular imaging; Co-precipitation; Poly (styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (PSMA); Poly-L-lysine (PLL); Ratiometric oxygen nanosensor