title: Roles of d-Amino Acids on the Bioactivity of Host Defense Peptides.
abstract: Host defense peptides (HDPs) are positively-charged and amphipathic components of the innate immune system that have demonstrated great potential to become the next generation of broad spectrum therapeutic agents effective against a vast array of pathogens and tumor. As such, many approaches have been taken to improve the therapeutic efficacy of HDPs. Amongst these methods, the incorporation of d-amino acids (d-AA) is an approach that has demonstrated consistent success in improving HDPs. Although, virtually all HDP review articles briefly mentioned about the role of d-AA, however it is rather surprising that no systematic review specifically dedicated to this topic exists. Given the impact that d-AA incorporation has on HDPs, this review aims to fill that void with a systematic discussion of the impact of d-AA on HDPs.
authors.affiliation: Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. hao8108@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. nuttapatmt@icloud.com.
authors.forename: Nuttapat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Anuwongcharoen
authors.affiliation: Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. ajaz_me@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Aijaz Ahmad
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. virapong.pra@mahidol.ac.th.
authors.forename: Virapong
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Prachayasittikul
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 24, Sweden. jarl.wikberg@farmbio.uu.se.
authors.forename: Jarl E S
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Wikberg
authors.affiliation: Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. chanin.nan@mahidol.ac.th.
authors.forename: Chanin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nantasenamat
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006096:Gramicidin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D010455:Peptides; D006096:Gramicidin
keywords: ">d-amino acid; AMP; HDP; anticancer peptide; antimicrobial peptide; bioactivity; diastereomer; host defense peptide