title: RETRACTED: RhoB Acts as a Tumor Suppressor That Inhibits Malignancy of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.
abstract: This study aims to investigate the biological role of RhoB in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The expression of RhoB was examined in specimens of patients and cell lines by Western blot and Immunohistochemistry. The correlation between RhoB expression and clinicopathologic variables was also analyzed. The effects of RhoB on cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell apoptosis, and invasion/migration were detected by over-expression and knockdown of RhoB level in ccRCC cells via plasmids and RNAi. The results showed that RhoB was low-expressed in ccRCC surgical specimens and cell lines compared with adjacent normal renal tissues and normal human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell lines (HKC), and its protein expression level was significantly associated with the tumor pathologic parameter embracing tumor size(P = 0.0157), pT stage(P = 0.0035), TNM stage(P = 0.0024) and Fuhrman tumor grade(P = 0.0008). Further, over-expression of RhoB remarkably inhibited the cancer cell proliferation, colony formation and promoted cancer cell apoptosis, and aslo reduced the invasion and migration ability of ccRCC cells. Interestingly, up-regulation of RhoB could induce cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and led to cell cycle regulators(CyclineB1,CDK1) and pro-apoptotic protein(casp3,casp9) aberrant expression. Moreover, knockdown of RhoB in HKC cells promoted cell proliferation and migration. Taken together, our study indicates that RhoB expression is decreased in ccRCC carcinogenesis and progression. Up-regulation of RhoB significantly inhibits ccRCC cell malignant phenotype. These findings show that RhoB may play a tumor suppressive role in ccRCC cells, raising its potential value in futural therapeutic target for the patients of ccRCC.
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Urology, Military Postgraduate Medical College, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.|Department of Urology, General Hospital of the Navy, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Weihao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Urology, Military Postgraduate Medical College, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shaoxi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Urology, Military Postgraduate Medical College, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Urology, Military Postgraduate Medical College, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Urology, Military Postgraduate Medical College, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Urology, Military Postgraduate Medical College, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Urology, Military Postgraduate Medical College, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Haigang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Urology, Military Postgraduate Medical College, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huijie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Urology, Military Postgraduate Medical College, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Donglai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Urology, Military Postgraduate Medical College, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liangyou
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Urology, Military Postgraduate Medical College, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Urology, Military Postgraduate Medical College, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0608-6509
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017209:Apoptosis; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D034622:RNA Interference; D020743:rhoB GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020743:rhoB GTP-Binding Protein