title: Extended foot-ankle musculoskeletal models for application in movement analysis.
abstract: Multibody simulations of human motion require representative models of the anatomical structures. A model that captures the complexity of the foot is still lacking. In the present work, two detailed 3D multibody foot-ankle models generated based on CT scans using a semi-automatic tool are described. The proposed models consists of five rigid segments (talus, calcaneus, midfoot, forefoot and toes), connected by five joints (ankle, subtalar, midtarsal, tarsometatarsal and metatarsophalangeal), one with 15DOF and the other with 8DOF. The calculated kinematics of both models were evaluated using gait trials and compared against literature, both presenting realistic results. An inverse dynamic analysis was performed for the 8DOF model, again presenting feasible dynamic results.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomechanics Section , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: Tiago M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Malaquias
authors.affiliation: b Department of Physics , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.affiliation: a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomechanics Section , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: Wouter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Aerts
authors.affiliation: c Department of Kinesiology, Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: Friedl
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Groote
authors.affiliation: a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomechanics Section , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: Greta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dereymaeker
authors.affiliation: a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomechanics Section , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: Jos
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vander Sloten
authors.affiliation: c Department of Kinesiology, Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: Ilse
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jonkers
mesh_terms: D000842:Ankle / Q000502:physiology; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000502:physiology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D005528:Foot / Q000502:physiology; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009068:Movement; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
keywords: CT-scan; Movement analysis; foot; multibody simulation; three-dimensional computer modeling