title: Effect of red mud addition on tetracycline and copper resistance genes and microbial community during the full scale swine manure composting.
abstract: Swine manure has been considered as the reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Composting is one of the most suitable technologies for treating livestock manures, and red mud was proved to have a positive effect on nitrogen conservation during composting. This study investigated the abundance of eight tetracycline and three copper resistance genes, the bacterial community during the full scale swine manure composting with or without addition of red mud. The results showed that ARGs in swine manure could be effectively removed through composting (reduced by 2.4log copies/g TS), especially during the thermophilic phase (reduced by 1.5log copies/g TS), which the main contributor might be temperature. Additionally, evolution of bacterial community could also have a great influence on ARGs. Although addition of red mud could enhance nitrogen conservation, it obviously hindered removal of ARGs (reduced by 1.7log copies/g TS) and affected shaping of bacterial community during composting.
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
authors.forename: Junya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
authors.forename: Qianwen
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sui
authors.affiliation: Nanchang University, Nanchang 100123, PR China.
authors.forename: Hefeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
authors.forename: Meixue
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China. Electronic address: yswei@rcees.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Yuansong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
authors.forename: Dongbin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D008372:Manure / Q000382:microbiology*; D059013:Microbial Consortia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D013552:Swine; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D008372:Manure; D012987:Soil; D003300:Copper; D013752:Tetracycline
keywords: ARGs; Composting; Copper resistance genes; Red mud; Swine manure