title: Heavy metal exposure, in combination with physical activity and aging, is related with oxidative stress in Japanese women from a rural agricultural community.
abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the relationships between oxidative stress and heavy metal exposure (lead [Pb] and cadmium [Cd]), as well as co-factors such as physical activity and age, in Japanese women. This study was conducted with female subjects from a rural agricultural community in Japan. Subjects were asked to complete lifestyle-related questionnaires and undergo a group health examination. Physical activity, alcohol consumption, body mass index, and other demographic information were collected. Blood and urine samples were collected to measure urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels and blood and urinary Cd and Pb concentrations. Urine samples were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography and flameless atomic absorption spectrometry; blood samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Age, physical activity, and blood and urinary Cd and Pb concentrations were included in structural equation modeling analysis. Two latent factors for heavy metal exposure and physical activity were produced to predict the total influence of the variables. The final model was good: CMIN/DF = 0.775, CFI = 1.000, GFI = 0.975, AGFI = 0.954, RMSEA = 0.000. 8-OHdG levels were positively associated with heavy metal exposure, physical activity, and age (standard β of path analysis: 0.33, 0.38, and 0.20, respectively). Therefore, oxidative stress is associated with both, environmental and lifestyle factors, in combination with aging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498 Japan.
authors.forename: Xiaoyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498 Japan.
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohtsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498 Japan.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mise
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498 Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ikegami
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498 Japan.
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498 Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498 Japan.
authors.forename: Munehito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Machida
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498 Japan ; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency (CREST-JST), Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Fujio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kayama
keywords: Aging; Cadmium; Japanese female population; Lead; Oxidative stress; Physical activity