title: Graphene oxide based sol-gel stainless steel fiber for the headspace solid-phase microextraction of organophosphate ester flame retardants in water samples.
abstract: In this paper, graphene oxide was coated onto a stainless steel wire through sol-gel technique and it was used as a solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber. The prepared fiber was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which displayed that the fiber had crinkled surface and porous structure The application of the fiber was evaluated through the headspace SPME of nine organophosphate ester flame retardants (OPFRs) with different characteristics in water samples followed by gas chromatography and nitrogen-phosphorous detector (GC/NPD). The major factors influencing the extraction efficiency, including the extraction and desorption conditions, were studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the proposed method was evaluated, and applied to the analysis of organophosphate ester flame retardants in real environmental water samples. The results demonstrated the HS-SPME method based on GO sol-gel fiber had good linearity (R>0.9928), and limits of detection (1.4-135.6ngL(-1)), high repeatability (RSD<9.8%) and good recovery (76.4-112.4%). The GO based sol-gel fiber displayed bigger extraction capability than the commercial PDMS fiber and the pure sol-gel fiber for both polar and apolar organophosphate esters, especially for the OPFRs containing benzene rings.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China. Electronic address: chengjingok@mail.ccnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
authors.forename: Cuicui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
authors.forename: Shiju
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
authors.forename: Hongbin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis*; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000032:analysis*; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013193:Stainless Steel; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D005411:Flame Retardants; D010755:Organophosphates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D013193:Stainless Steel; D006108:Graphite
keywords: Gas chromatography; Graphene oxide; Headspace solid phase microextracton; Organophosphate ester flame retardants; Stainless steel fiber