title: Sensory quality of Camembert-type cheese: Relationship between starter cultures and ripening molds.
abstract: Starter cultures and ripening molds used in the manufacture of moldy cheese aimed at obtaining characteristic flavors and textures considerably differ among dairy industries. Thus, the study of variables inherent to the process and their influence on sensory patterns in cheese can improve the standardization and control of the production process. The aim of this work was to study the influence of three different variables on the sensory quality of Camembert-type cheese: type of lactic bacteria, type of ripener molds and inoculation method. Batches of Camembert-type cheese were produced using O or DL-type mesophilic starter culture, ripened with Penicillium camemberti or Penicillium candidum and mold inoculation was made directly into the milk or by spraying. All batches were sensorially evaluated using Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) with panelists trained for various attributes. Among the combinations analyzed, those resulting in more typical Camembert-type cheese were those using O-type mesophilic starter culture and P. candidum maturation mold directly applied into the milk or sprayed and those using DL-type mesophilic starter and P. camemberti ripener mold applied by surface spraying. These results demonstrate, therefore, that the combination of different ripener molds, inoculation methods and starter cultures directly influences the sensory quality of Camembert-type cheese, modifying significantly its texture, appearance, aroma and taste.
authors.affiliation: Hygiene and Dairy Laboratory, Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba/SP, Brazil. Electronic address: galli.bd@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Bruno Domingues
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.affiliation: Hygiene and Dairy Laboratory, Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba/SP, Brazil. Electronic address: jguilhermepm@usp.br.
authors.forename: José Guilherme Prado
authors.initials: JGP
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Sensory Analysis Laboratory, Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba/SP, Brazil. Electronic address: paulaporrelli@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Paula Porrelli Moreira
authors.initials: PPM
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Hygiene and Dairy Laboratory, Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba/SP, Brazil. Electronic address: eporto@usp.br.
authors.forename: Ernani
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Porto
authors.affiliation: Sensory Analysis Laboratory, Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba/SP, Brazil. Electronic address: martaspoto@usp.br.
authors.forename: Marta Helena Fillet
authors.initials: MHF
authors.lastname: Spoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D002611:Cheese / Q000382:microbiology*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism; D010407:Penicillium / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D013649:Taste
keywords: Camembert; Dairy technology; Mold ripening; Quantitative descriptive analysis; Starter-culture