title: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with brain atrophy and hypometabolism in the ADNI cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as a risk factor for brain atrophy and glucose hypometabolism in older adults with or at risk of cognitive impairment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants with the T2DM were identified from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI-1/GO/2 cohorts). Analysis of covariance models were used to compare participants with and without T2DM, controlling for potential confounding factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Whole brain volume and whole brain [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake were significantly different as a function of T2DM status, independent of baseline clinical diagnosis. On post hoc analysis, a lower whole brain volume was seen in participants with both mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and T2DM (n = 76) compared with participants who had MCI but not T2DM (n = 747; p = 0.009). Similarly, mean FDG uptake in gray matter and white matter was lower in participants with both MCI and T2DM (n = 72) than in participants with MCI without T2DM (n = 719; p = 0.04). Subsequent regional analysis revealed that the decreased FDG uptake in participants with both MCI and T2DM was mainly manifested in 3 brain regions: frontal lobe, sensory motor cortex, and striatum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  T2DM may accelerate cognition deterioration in patients with MCI by affecting glucose metabolism and brain volume.
authors.affiliation: From Master of Physician Assistant Studies, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (W.L.), and School of Informatics and Computing (E.H.), Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis; and Center for Neuroimaging (S.L.R., A.J.S.), Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, and Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN. wl23@iu.edu.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: From Master of Physician Assistant Studies, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (W.L.), and School of Informatics and Computing (E.H.), Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis; and Center for Neuroimaging (S.L.R., A.J.S.), Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, and Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.
authors.forename: Shannon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Risacher
authors.affiliation: From Master of Physician Assistant Studies, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (W.L.), and School of Informatics and Computing (E.H.), Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis; and Center for Neuroimaging (S.L.R., A.J.S.), Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, and Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: From Master of Physician Assistant Studies, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (W.L.), and School of Informatics and Computing (E.H.), Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis; and Center for Neuroimaging (S.L.R., A.J.S.), Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, and Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Saykin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001284:Atrophy / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000378:metabolism; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000378:metabolism; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D066191:Sensorimotor Cortex / Q000378:metabolism; D066127:White Matter / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18