title: Spike-like solitary waves in incompressible boundary layers driven by a travelling wave.
abstract: Nonlinear waves produced in an incompressible boundary layer driven by a travelling wave are investigated, with damping considered as well. As one of the typical nonlinear waves, the spike-like wave is governed by the driven-damped Benjamin-Ono equation. The wave field enters a completely irregular state beyond a critical time, increasing the amplitude of the driving wave continuously. On the other hand, the number of spikes of solitary waves increases through multiplication of the wave pattern. The wave energy grows in a sequence of sharp steps, and hysteresis loops are found in the system. The wave energy jumps to different levels with multiplication of the wave, which is described by winding number bifurcation of phase trajectories. Also, the phenomenon of multiplication and hysteresis steps is found when varying the speed of driving wave as well. Moreover, the nature of the change of wave pattern and its energy is the stability loss of the wave caused by saddle-node bifurcation.
authors.affiliation: School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Peihua
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiazhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang