title: Application of Higuchi's fractal dimension from basic to clinical neurophysiology: A review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  For more than 20 years, Higuchi's fractal dimension (HFD), as a nonlinear method, has occupied an important place in the analysis of biological signals. The use of HFD has evolved from EEG and single neuron activity analysis to the most recent application in automated assessments of different clinical conditions. Our objective is to provide an updated review of the HFD method applied in basic and clinical neurophysiological research.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article summarizes and critically reviews a broad literature and major findings concerning the applications of HFD for measuring the complexity of neuronal activity during different neurophysiological conditions. The source of information used in this review comes from the PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and IEEE Xplore Digital Library databases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The review process substantiated the significance, advantages and shortcomings of HFD application within all key areas of basic and clinical neurophysiology. Therefore, the paper discusses HFD application alone, combined with other linear or nonlinear measures, or as a part of automated methods for analyzing neurophysiological signals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The speed, accuracy and cost of applying the HFD method for research and medical diagnosis make it stand out from the widely used linear methods. However, only a combination of HFD with other nonlinear methods ensures reliable and accurate analysis of a wide range of neurophysiological signals.
authors.affiliation: University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Neurophysiology, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Srdjan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kesić
authors.affiliation: University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Life Sciences, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia; Singidunum University, Danijelova 32, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: sladjana@imsi.rs.
authors.forename: Sladjana Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Spasić
mesh_terms: D017709:Fractals; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009424:Nervous System Physiological Phenomena
keywords: EEG; Higuchi's fractal dimension; Nervous system; Neurophysiology