title: TNF-alpha expression, evaluation of collagen, and TUNEL of Matricaria recutita L. extract and triamcinolone on oral ulcer in diabetic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to evaluate the influence of Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) and apoptosis in rats with DM treated with chamomile extract or triamcinolone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar male rats (210.0±4.2 g) were divided into five groups: negative control group (NCG) without diabetes; positive control group (PCG) with DM (alloxan, 45 mg/kg); and groups treated with chamomile extract (normoglycemic= NCG group and diabetic= DCG group) and with triamcinolone (TG). Traumatic ulcers were performed on all animals that received topical triamcinolone, chamomile extract or saline 12/12 hours for ten days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On days five and ten the animals were euthanized and the ulcers were analyzed by light microscopy, TUNEL assay, and immunohistochemically (TNF-α). The NCG (p=0.0062), PCG (p=0.0285), NCG (p=0.0041), and DCG (p<0.0001) groups were completely healed on the 10th day, however, there was no healing on the TG (p=0.5127) group. The TNF-α expression showed a significant reduction from the 5th to the 10th day in NCG (p=0.0266) and DCG (p=0.0062). In connective tissue, the TUNEL assay showed a significant reduction in the number of positive cells in NCG (p=0.0273) and CNG (p=0.0469) and in the epithelium only in CDG (p=0.0320).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chamomile extract can optimize the healing of traumatic oral ulcers in diabetic rats through the reduction of apoptosis in the epithelium and TNF-α expression.
authors.affiliation: - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Setor de Patologia Oral, Departamento de Odontologia Clínica, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.
authors.forename: Bruna Vasconcelos
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Setor de Patologia Oral, Departamento de Odontologia Clínica, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.
authors.forename: Paulo Goberlânio
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Barros Silva
authors.affiliation: - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Setor de Cariologia e Odontologia Restauradora, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.
authors.forename: Jacqueline de Santiago
authors.initials: Jde S
authors.lastname: Nojosa
authors.affiliation: - Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Setor de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.
authors.forename: Luiz André Cavalcante
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Brizeno
authors.affiliation: - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.
authors.forename: Jamile Magalhães
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Setor de Patologia Oral, Departamento de Odontologia Clínica, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.
authors.forename: Fabrício Bitú
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Setor de Patologia Oral, Departamento de Odontologia Clínica, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.
authors.forename: Mário Rogério Lima
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.affiliation: - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Setor de Patologia Oral, Departamento de Odontologia Clínica, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula Negreiros Nunes
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Alves
mesh_terms: D000496:Alloxan; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000187:drug effects; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D031168:Matricaria / Q000737:chemistry*; D019226:Oral Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014221:Triamcinolone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis* / Q000187:drug effects; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014221:Triamcinolone; D000496:Alloxan; D003094:Collagen