title: Association of inflammatory gene polymorphisms with mechanical heart valve reoperation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Various complications lead to reoperation in patients who undergo prosthetic valve replacement where inflammatory process could be involved. The goals of this study were to identify risk factors that correlate with reoperation in patients with prosthetic heart valves and to investigate the relationship between reoperation and inflammatory gene polymorphisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 228 patients from the EwhA-Severance Treatment Group of Warfarin. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of c-reactive protein (CRP), interferon-gamma, interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, transforming growth factor beta 1, and tumor necrosis factor genes were genotyped by means of SNaPshot and TaqMan assays. Thirty-nine patients (17.1 %) underwent more than one heart valve operation. A threefold increased risk for heart valve reoperation was evident in homozygous variant-type (TT) carriers as compared with ancestral allele carriers of CRP rs1205. Logistic regression analysis revealed that CRP rs1205 (OR 2.68, 95 % CI 1.22-5.90, p = 0.014), valve position (mitral valve OR 2.80, 95 % CI 1.01-7.80, p = 0.048; tricuspid valve OR 9.24, 95 % CI 2.46-34.70, p = 0.001; reference: aortic valve) and time after first operation (OR 1.13, 95 % CI 1.06-1.20, p < 0.001) affected the risk of reoperation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inflammatory gene polymorphisms could be a possible marker of risk for reoperation in patients with prosthetic heart valve surgery.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644 Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Eun
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499 Korea.|Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 11-1 Daehyun-Dong Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03760 Korea.
authors.forename: Joo Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 11-1 Daehyun-Dong Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03760 Korea.
authors.forename: Jee Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 11-1 Daehyun-Dong Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03760 Korea.
authors.forename: Gwan Yung
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644 Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon Jeong
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University Medical Center, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722 Korea.
authors.forename: Byung Chul
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 11-1 Daehyun-Dong Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03760 Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Sun
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Gwak
keywords: C-reactive protein; Inflammatory gene polymorphisms; Mechanical heart valve; Reoperation