title: Non-invasive measurement of cardiac output using AESCULON®mini after Fontan operation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Electrical velocimetry correlates well with established methods of measuring cardiac output (CO) such as thermodilution and echocardiography. In this study, we compared the cardiac function of children with single right ventricle (SRV) and single left ventricle (SLV) on non-invasive postoperative measurement of hemodynamic parameters using AESCULON®mini.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic, preoperative, and perioperative data were obtained from medical records. We retrospectively reviewed the AESCULON mini data of 21 patients with single ventricle who underwent Fontan operation. The patients were divided into two groups according to morphologic diagnosis: SRV (n = 9) and SLV (n = 12). The following hemodynamic parameters were analyzed: stroke volume (SV); CO; cardiac index (CI); stroke volume variation (SVV); and ventricular ejection time (VET).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hemodynamic parameters were as follows (SRV vs SLV): heart rate (HR), 140.5 beats/min versus 121 beats/min; SV, 14.5 mL vs 19.9 mL; CO, 2 L/min vs 2.3 L/min; CI, 4.3 L/min/m2versus 4.4 L/min/m2; SVV, 15.5% versus 13.9%; and VET, 167.7 s versus 197.7 s. HR and VET were statistically different between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CI does not differ with laterality of the single ventricle. SRV VET, however, was significantly shorter than SLV VET in the acute postoperative period. Conversely, SRV HR was higher than SLV HR, which may mean that SRV compensates for lower VET by increasing HR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshitake
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naito
mesh_terms: D002302:Cardiac Output; D002307:Cardiography, Impedance / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018729:Fontan Procedure; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Fontan operation; electrical velocimetry; pediatric cardiac surgery; single ventricle