title: Physical and Cognitive Stimulation Using an Exergame in Subjects with Normal Aging, Mild and Moderate Cognitive Impairment.
abstract: The use of Serious exerGames (SeG) as enriched environments (EE), which promotes cognitive simulation with physical activity in a positive emotional context, has been proposed to represent a powerful method to slow down the decline due to neurodegenerative diseases (ND), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, so far, no SeG targeting EE has been tested in ND subjects.
  
  
  
  This study aimed at evaluating the usability and short-term training effects of X-Torp, an action SeG designed for elderly ND subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD.
  
  
  
  X-Torp is a SeG played using the Microsoft® Kinect™. 10 ND subjects and 8 healthy elderly controls (HEC) were enrolled in a 1-month program with three training sessions per week. Usability was evaluated through game time, game performance, the aerobic intensity level reached, perceived emotions, and perceived usability.
  
  
  
  All participants successfully completed the training program. ND subjects played less and had a lower game performance compared to HEC. During the sessions, ND subjects maintained a light intensity of aerobic activity, while HEC maintained a moderate intensity. Both groups experienced only positive emotions, and reported a 'moderate' to 'high' perceived competence, a 'moderate' game difficulty, and a 'high' interest in the game.
  
  
  
  Usability results suggest that X-Torp represents a usable EE for healthy subjects and persons with MCI and AD. However, in order to reach moderate or high intensity of aerobic activity, X-Torp control modes should be adapted to become more physically stimulating.
authors.affiliation: EA 7276 CoBTeK -Cognition Behaviour Technology, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Claude Pompidou Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra center, Nice, France.|Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) -Teaching Hospital of Nice, Claude Pompidou Institute, Edmond et Lily Safra Center, Nice, France.
authors.forename: Grégory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ben-Sadoun
authors.affiliation: EA 7276 CoBTeK -Cognition Behaviour Technology, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Claude Pompidou Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra center, Nice, France.|Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) -Teaching Hospital of Nice, Claude Pompidou Institute, Edmond et Lily Safra Center, Nice, France.|Department of Geriatrics, Rehabilitation Unit, University Hospital of Nice, Cimiez Hospital, Nice, France.|Centre d'Innovation et d'Usages en Santé (CIU-S), Cimiez Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Nice, France.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sacco
authors.affiliation: EA 7276 CoBTeK -Cognition Behaviour Technology, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Claude Pompidou Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra center, Nice, France.|Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) -Teaching Hospital of Nice, Claude Pompidou Institute, Edmond et Lily Safra Center, Nice, France.|Laboratory of Human Motricity Sport and Health (LAHMESS, EA 6312), Nice Sophia Antipolis University, Nice, France.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Manera
authors.affiliation: EA 7276 CoBTeK -Cognition Behaviour Technology, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Claude Pompidou Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra center, Nice, France.|Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) -Teaching Hospital of Nice, Claude Pompidou Institute, Edmond et Lily Safra Center, Nice, France.|Laboratory of Human Motricity Sport and Health (LAHMESS, EA 6312), Nice Sophia Antipolis University, Nice, France.
authors.forename: Jérémy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bourgeois
authors.affiliation: EA 7276 CoBTeK -Cognition Behaviour Technology, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Claude Pompidou Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra center, Nice, France.|Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) -Teaching Hospital of Nice, Claude Pompidou Institute, Edmond et Lily Safra Center, Nice, France.|School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.|Association Innovation Alzheimer, Claude Pompidou Institute, Nice, France.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: König
authors.affiliation: Group GENIOUS Serious Games, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Foulon
authors.affiliation: INRIA, STARS, Sophia-Antipolis, Sophia-Antipolis, France.
authors.forename: Baptiste
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fosty
authors.affiliation: EA 7276 CoBTeK -Cognition Behaviour Technology, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Claude Pompidou Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra center, Nice, France.|INRIA, STARS, Sophia-Antipolis, Sophia-Antipolis, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bremond
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Human Motricity Sport and Health (LAHMESS, EA 6312), Nice Sophia Antipolis University, Nice, France.
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: d'Arripe-Longueville
authors.affiliation: EA 7276 CoBTeK -Cognition Behaviour Technology, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Claude Pompidou Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra center, Nice, France.|Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) -Teaching Hospital of Nice, Claude Pompidou Institute, Edmond et Lily Safra Center, Nice, France.|Laboratory of Human Motricity Sport and Health (LAHMESS, EA 6312), Nice Sophia Antipolis University, Nice, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Robert
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D004644:Emotions; D015444:Exercise; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018910:Video Games
keywords: Aerobic activity; Alzheimer’s disease; cognition; enriched environment; mild cognitive impairment; sep serious game