title: Low-Level Laser Therapy (904 nm) Counteracts Motor Deficit of Mice Hind Limb following Skeletal Muscle Injury Caused by Snakebite-Mimicking Intramuscular Venom Injection.
abstract: Myotoxins present in Bothrops venom disrupt the sarcolemma of muscle fibers leading to the release of sarcoplasmic proteins and loss of muscle homeostasis. Myonecrosis and tissue anoxia induced by vascularization impairment can lead to amputation or motor functional deficit. The objective of this study was to investigate the dynamic behavior of motor function in mice subjected to injection of Bothrops jararacussu venom (Bjssu) and exposed to low-level laser therapy (LLLT). Male Swiss mice received Bjssu injection (830 μg/kg) into the medial portion of the right gastrocnemius muscle. Three hours later the injected region was irradiated with diode semiconductor Gallium Arsenide (GaAs- 904 nm, 4 J/cm²) laser following by irradiation at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Saline injection (0.9% NaCl) was used as control. Gait analysis was performed 24 hours before Bjssu injection and at every period post-Bjssu using CatWalk method. Data from spatiotemporal parameters Stand, Maximum Intensity, Swing, Swing Speed, Stride Length and Step Cycle were considered. The period of 3 hours post venom-induced injury was considered critical for all parameters evaluated in the right hindlimb. Differences (p<0.05) were concentrated in venom and venom + placebo laser groups during the 3 hours post-injury period, in which the values of stand of most animals were null. After this period, the gait characteristics were re-established for all parameters. The venom + laser group kept the values at 3 hours post-Bjssu equal to that at 24 hours before Bjssu injection indicating that the GaAs laser therapy improved spatially and temporally gait parameters at the critical injury period caused by Bjssu. This is the first study to analyze with cutting edge technology the gait functional deficits caused by snake envenoming and gait gains produced by GaAs laser irradiation. In this sense, the study fills a gap on the field of motor function after laser treatment following snake envenoming.
authors.affiliation: Department of Semiconductors, Instruments and Photonics (DSIF)-Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computation, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.|Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology (DBBT)-Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Willians Fernando
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology (DBBT)-Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kenzo-Kagawa
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research and Development (IP&D)-University of Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cogo
authors.affiliation: Department of Semiconductors, Instruments and Photonics (DSIF)-Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computation, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vitor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baranauskas
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology (DBBT)-Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Alice da
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cruz-Höfling
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017837:Bothrops; D003435:Crotalid Venoms / Q000633:toxicity*; D005684:Gait; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012909:Snake Bites / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000532:radiotherapy
chemical_list: D003435:Crotalid Venoms