title: Teenage intimate partner violence: Factors associated with victimization among Norwegian youths.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was threefold: (1) learn more about factors associated with teenage intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization; (2) explore aspects of digital media use in connection with teenage IPV; (3) and compare the impact IPV victimization has on boys and girls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey data from 549 Norwegian students, mean age 15.2 years, who had experience(s) with being in intimate relationship(s), were examined. Experiences with psychological, physical, digital, and sexual violence were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 42.9% of the participants had experienced some form of IPV: 29.1% had experienced digital violence; 25.9% had experienced psychological violence; 18.8% had experienced sexual violence; and 12.8% had experienced physical violence. Factors significantly associated with teenage IPV victimization were female gender, older partners, domestic violence, bullying victimization, low academic achievements, and sending sexual messages via digital media. Girls reported to be significantly more negatively impacted by the victimization than boys.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some teenagers experience victimization in their intimate relationships, and for many digital media seems to play a central role in this violence. Teenagers who experience victimization outside their relationships or have risky lifestyles have a higher risk of experiencing IPV victimization. A focus on teenage IPV, and especially digital media's role in this violence, is needed if this public health issue is to be combated.
authors.affiliation: 1 Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway.|2 Department of Media and Communication, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hellevik
authors.affiliation: 1 Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway.|3 Department of Social Work, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Øverlien
keywords: Teenage intimate partner violence; digital violence; impact; internet; sexual violence