title: The role of apelin in the healing of water-immersion and restraint stress-induced gastric damage.
abstract: The objective of this study was to explore the role of apelin in the healing of gastric lesions induced by stress. Male Wistar rats were exposed to water immersion and restraint stress (WIRS) for 6 h with or without the apelin receptor antagonist F13A. The rats were killed on the 1st, 3rd, 5th or 10th day after the end of stress induction. Apelin and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression was increased on the 1st day after the end of stress exposure and was decreased daily thereafter. However, F13A retarded the healing of gastric lesions by preventing the improvement of mucosal blood flow, prostaglandin E2production and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in rats exposed to WIRS. Additionally, F13A increased the gastric 4-hydroxynonenol + malondialdehyde content on the 1st and 3rd days after the end of stress induction but did not affect the change in gastric mucosal nitric oxide levels. In conclusion, apelin may be a regulatory protein involved in the healing mechanism of stress-induced gastric damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: İlknur
authors.initials: İ
authors.lastname: Birsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Burcu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gemici
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nuray
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Acar
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: İsmail
authors.initials: İ
authors.lastname: Üstünel
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey. nimetu@akdeniz.edu.tr.
authors.forename: V Nimet
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: İzgüt-Uysal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000073861:Apelin; D003681:Dehydration / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D007101:Immersion / Q000503:physiopathology*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000502:physiology*; D013270:Stomach / Q000503:physiopathology; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000073861:Apelin; C498579:Apln protein, rat; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D014867:Water; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde
keywords: Apelin; F13A; Gastric mucosa; Lesion; Water immersion and restraint stress