title: Chronic pistachio intake modulates circulating microRNAs related to glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in prediabetic subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of a pistachio-enriched diet on the profile of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) related to glucose metabolism and insulin resistance (IR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized crossover clinical trial in 49 subjects with prediabetes was performed. Subjects consumed a pistachio-supplemented diet (PD, 50 % carbohydrates, 33 % fat, including 57 g/day of pistachios) and an isocaloric control diet (CD, 55 % carbohydrates and 30 % fat) for 4 months each, separated by a 2-week washout period. The plasma profile of a set of seven predefined miRNAs related to glucose and insulin metabolism was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the PD period, subjects have shown significant lower circulating levels of miR-192 and miR-375 compared to CD period, whereas miR-21 nonsignificantly increased after PD compared with CD (47 vs. 2 %, P = 0.092). Interestingly, changes in circulating miR-192 and miR-375 were positively correlated with plasma glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic pistachio consumption positively modulates the expression of some miRNA previously implicated on insulin sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, St/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain.|CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hernández-Alonso
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, St/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giardina
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, St/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain. jordi.salas@urv.cat.|CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. jordi.salas@urv.cat.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salas-Salvadó
authors.affiliation: ABS Reus V. Centre d'Assistència Primària Marià Fortuny, SAGESSA, Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arcelin
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, St/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain. monica.bullo@urv.cat.|CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. monica.bullo@urv.cat.
authors.forename: Mònica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bulló
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D000074166:Circulating MicroRNA / Q000097:blood*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009754:Nuts; D027927:Pistacia; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002784:Cholesterol; D000074166:Circulating MicroRNA; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Glucose; Pistachio; Prediabetes; microRNA