title: Detection of Cell Proliferation Markers by Immunofluorescence Staining and Microscopy Imaging in Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Sections.
abstract: This unit describes a step-by-step protocol to detect and quantify proliferating cells in paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Two well-established markers of proliferation (incorporation of BrdU into newly synthesized DNA and expression of the nuclear protein Ki67) are detected after antigen-retrieval and subsequent immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Seda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eminaga
authors.affiliation: Heart and Vascular Institute, UPMC Presbyterian, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Polakit
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Teekakirikul
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Christine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Seidman
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Jonathan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Seidman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000032:analysis*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique / Q000379:methods*; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D016612:Paraffin Embedding / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine
keywords: BrdU; Ki67; cell proliferation; immunofluorescence; immunohistochemistry