title: Potentiation of antifungal effect of a mixture of two antifungal fractions obtained from Baccharis glutinosa and Jacquinia macrocarpa plants.
abstract: The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of mixtures of antifungal fractions extracted from Baccharis glutinosa and Jacquinia macrocarpa plants on the development of the filamentous fungi Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides. The minimal inhibitory concentration that inhibited 50% of growth (MIC50) of each plant antifungal fraction was determined from the percentage radial growth inhibition of both fungi. Binomial mixtures made with both plant fractions were used at their MIC50 to determine the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration index (FIC index) for each fungus in order to evaluate their synergistic effect. Each synergistic mixture was analyzed in their effect on spore germination, spore size, spore viability, mitotic divisions, hyphal diameter and length, and number of septa per hypha. Some antifungal mixtures, even at low concentrations, showed higher antifungal effect than those of the individual antifungal fraction. The FIC indices of mixtures that showed the highest antifungal activity against A. flavus and F. verticillioides were 0.5272 and 0.4577, respectively, indicating a synergistic effect against both fungi. Only 12% and 8% of the spores of A. flavus and F. verticillioides, respectively, treated with the synergistic mixtures, were able to germinate, although their viability was not affected. An increase in the number of septa per hypha of both fungi was observed. The results indicated that the synergistic mixtures strongly affected the fungal growth even at lower concentrations than those of the individual plant fractions.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food Science Research and Graduate Studies , University of Sonora , Hermosillo , Sonora , Mexico.
authors.forename: Carlos F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Medina-López
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food Science Research and Graduate Studies , University of Sonora , Hermosillo , Sonora , Mexico.
authors.forename: Maribel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plascencia-Jatomea
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food Science Research and Graduate Studies , University of Sonora , Hermosillo , Sonora , Mexico.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Cinco-Moroyoqui
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food Science Research and Graduate Studies , University of Sonora , Hermosillo , Sonora , Mexico.
authors.forename: María S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Yépiz-Gómez
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food Science Research and Graduate Studies , University of Sonora , Hermosillo , Sonora , Mexico.
authors.forename: Mario O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Cortez-Rocha
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food Science Research and Graduate Studies , University of Sonora , Hermosillo , Sonora , Mexico.
authors.forename: Ema C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Rosas-Burgos
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001231:Aspergillus flavus / Q000187:drug effects*; D031175:Baccharis / Q000737:chemistry*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000187:drug effects*; D008800:Mexico; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029623:Primulaceae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Synergistic effect; antifungal plant extracts; phytopathogenic fungi