title: Applying theoretical premises of binary toxicity mathematical modeling to combined impacts of chemical plus physical agents (A case study of moderate subchronic exposures to fluoride and static magnetic field).
abstract: Sodium fluoride solution was injected i.p. to rats at a dose equivalent to 0.1 LD50 three times a week up to 18 injections. Two thirds of these rats and of the sham-injected ones were exposed to the whole body impact of a 25 mT static magnetic field for 2 or 4 h a day, 5 times a week. For mathematical analysis of the effects they produced in combination, we used a response surface model. This analysis demonstrated that (like in combined toxicity) the combined adverse action of a chemical plus a physical agent was characterized by a diversity of types depending not only on particular effects these types were assessed for but on their level as well. From this point of view, the indices for which at least one statistically significant effect was observed could be classified as identifying (1) single-factor action; (2) additivity; (3) synergism; (4) antagonism (both subadditive unidirectional action and all variants of contradirectional action). Although the classes (2) and (3) taken together encompass a smaller part of the indices, the biological importance of some of them renders the combination of agents studied as posing a higher health risk than that associated with each them acting alone.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Ekaterinburg, Russia. Electronic address: bkaznelson@etel.ru.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Katsnelson
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Tsepilov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Industrial Ecology, The Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
authors.forename: V G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Panov
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Sutunkova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Industrial Ecology, The Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Varaksin
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
authors.forename: V B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Gurvich
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Minigalieva
authors.affiliation: Ural State Medical University, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
authors.forename: I E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Valamina
authors.affiliation: Ural State Medical University, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
authors.forename: O H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Makeyev
authors.affiliation: Ural State Medical University, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
authors.forename: E Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Meshtcheryakova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005260:Female; D060526:Magnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D051381:Rats; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000633:toxicity*; D059550:Toxicity Tests, Subchronic / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D012969:Sodium Fluoride
keywords: Combined adverse action; Fluoride; Static magnetic field