title: Immune responses and immunopathology in acute and chronic viral hepatitis.
abstract: Hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are responsible for most cases of viral hepatitis. Infection by each type of virus results in a different typical natural disease course and clinical outcome that are determined by virological and immunological factors. HCV tends to establish a chronic persistent infection, whereas HAV does not. HBV is effectively controlled in adults, although it persists for a lifetime after neonatal infection. In this Review, we discuss the similarities and differences in immune responses to and immunopathogenesis of HAV, HBV and HCV infections, which may explain the distinct courses and outcomes of each hepatitis virus infection.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eui-Cheol
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.|Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Pil Soo
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Translational Immunology and Vaccinology, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Su-Hyung
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000276:immunology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D006518:Hepatitis Viruses / Q000276:immunology*; D006525:Hepatitis, Viral, Human / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007372:Interferons / Q000378:metabolism; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies; D007372:Interferons