title: A four-year survey in the farming region of Chile, occurrence and human exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, and dioxin -like polychlorinated biphenyls in different raw meats.
abstract: For the first time in South America, a four-year survey (2011-2014) was conducted to assess the occurrence of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in different raw meats (bovine, pork, ovine, chicken, and turkey) sampled from ten of the fifteen regions of Chile. When expressed as pg World Health Organization Toxic Equivalent (WHO-TEQ2005)g-1fat, the highest PCDD/F values for each species were 0.54 (bovine-2012), 0.27 (pork-2013), 0.23 (ovine-2011), 0.61 (chickens-2013), and 0.34 (turkey-2012). The highest mean dl-PCBs levels were 0.18 (bovine-2011), 0.05 (pork-2014), 0.13 (ovine-2011), 0.1 (chicken-2014), and 0.21 (turkey-2013). Penta- and tetra-chlorinated congeners dominated PCDD/F WHO-TEQ2005profiles during the survey, while PCB 126 dominated dl-PCBs profiles. Statistically significant interspecies differences were found. Dietary intake was also estimated, and the highest total PCDD/F and dl-PCBs values, found in poultry meat, were 0.09pgWHO-TEQ2005kg-1bwd-1(2013) for adults and 0.36pgWHO-TEQ2005kg-1bwd-1(2013) for children. The concentrations and dietary intakes for the studied compounds in raw meat were below international and national maximum permitted limits.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: B V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: San Martin
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de Chile, Chile. Electronic address: nicolaspizarro.a@veterinaria.uchile.cl.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pizarro-Aránguiz
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de Chile, Chile; Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: García-Mendoza
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Araya-Jordan
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maddaleno
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Dioxins, Environmental Chemistry Department, IDÆA (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abad
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Ecology and Natural Resources, Universidad Andres Bello, Chile. Electronic address: cristobal.galban@unab.cl.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Galbán-Malagón
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002677:Chile; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D058751:Livestock; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000032:analysis*; D011200:Poultry
chemical_list: D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls
keywords: Exposure assessment; Food safety; PCDDs; PCDFs; dl-PCBs