title: Nod Factor Effects on Root Hair-Specific Transcriptome of Medicago truncatula: Focus on Plasma Membrane Transport Systems and Reactive Oxygen Species Networks.
abstract: Root hairs are involved in water and nutrient uptake, and thereby in plant autotrophy. In legumes, they also play a crucial role in establishment of rhizobial symbiosis. To obtain a holistic view of Medicago truncatula genes expressed in root hairs and of their regulation during the first hours of the engagement in rhizobial symbiotic interaction, a high throughput RNA sequencing on isolated root hairs from roots challenged or not with lipochitooligosaccharides Nod factors (NF) for 4 or 20 h was carried out. This provided a repertoire of genes displaying expression in root hairs, responding or not to NF, and specific or not to legumes. In analyzing the transcriptome dataset, special attention was paid to pumps, transporters, or channels active at the plasma membrane, to other proteins likely to play a role in nutrient ion uptake, NF electrical and calcium signaling, control of the redox status or the dynamic reprogramming of root hair transcriptome induced by NF treatment, and to the identification of papilionoid legume-specific genes expressed in root hairs. About 10% of the root hair expressed genes were significantly up- or down-regulated by NF treatment, suggesting their involvement in remodeling plant functions to allow establishment of the symbiotic relationship. For instance, NF-induced changes in expression of genes encoding plasma membrane transport systems or disease response proteins indicate that root hairs reduce their involvement in nutrient ion absorption and adapt their immune system in order to engage in the symbiotic interaction. It also appears that the redox status of root hair cells is tuned in response to NF perception. In addition, 1176 genes that could be considered as "papilionoid legume-specific" were identified in the M. truncatula root hair transcriptome, from which 141 were found to possess an ortholog in every of the six legume genomes that we considered, suggesting their involvement in essential functions specific to legumes. This transcriptome provides a valuable resource to investigate root hair biology in legumes and the roles that these cells play in rhizobial symbiosis establishment. These results could also contribute to the long-term objective of transferring this symbiotic capacity to non-legume plants.
authors.affiliation: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis Sophia Antipolis, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Damiani
authors.affiliation: Biochimie and Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/386 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/SupAgro Montpellier/Université de Montpellier, Campus SupAgro-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Drain
authors.affiliation: Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay Gif sur Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Marjorie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guichard
authors.affiliation: POPS Transcriptomic Platform, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-SaclayOrsay, France; POPS Transcriptomic Platform, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Paris DiderotOrsay, France.
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balzergue
authors.affiliation: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis Sophia Antipolis, France.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boscari
authors.affiliation: Biochimie and Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/386 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/SupAgro Montpellier/Université de Montpellier, Campus SupAgro-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Boyer
authors.affiliation: POPS Transcriptomic Platform, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-SaclayOrsay, France; POPS Transcriptomic Platform, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Paris DiderotOrsay, France.
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Brunaud
authors.affiliation: Université Grenoble Alpes, CERMAVGrenoble, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CERMAVGrenoble, France.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cottaz
authors.affiliation: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis Sophia Antipolis, France.
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rancurel
authors.affiliation: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis Sophia Antipolis, France.
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Da Rocha
authors.affiliation: Biochimie and Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/386 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/SupAgro Montpellier/Université de Montpellier, Campus SupAgro-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fizames
authors.affiliation: Université Grenoble Alpes, CERMAVGrenoble, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CERMAVGrenoble, France.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fort
authors.affiliation: Biochimie and Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/386 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/SupAgro Montpellier/Université de Montpellier, Campus SupAgro-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gaillard
authors.affiliation: Université Grenoble Alpes, CERMAVGrenoble, France; Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier and Institut de Biologie Computationnelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université MontpellierMontpellier, France.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Maillol
authors.affiliation: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis Sophia Antipolis, France.
authors.forename: Etienne G J
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Danchin
authors.affiliation: Biochimie and Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/386 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/SupAgro Montpellier/Université de Montpellier, Campus SupAgro-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Hatem
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rouached
authors.affiliation: Université Grenoble Alpes, CERMAVGrenoble, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CERMAVGrenoble, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Samain
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Biochimie and Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/386 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/SupAgro Montpellier/Université de Montpellier, Campus SupAgro-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thouin
authors.affiliation: Biochimie and Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/386 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/SupAgro Montpellier/Université de Montpellier, Campus SupAgro-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Touraine
authors.affiliation: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis Sophia Antipolis, France.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Puppo
authors.affiliation: Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay Gif sur Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Frachisse
authors.affiliation: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis Sophia Antipolis, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pauly
authors.affiliation: Biochimie and Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/386 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/SupAgro Montpellier/Université de Montpellier, Campus SupAgro-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sentenac
keywords: Medicago truncatula; Nod factors (lipochitooligosaccharides); deep-RNA sequencing; legume-rhizobium symbiosis; plasma membrane transport systems; reactive oxygen species; root hairs