title: Flagellin based biomimetic coatings: From cell-repellent surfaces to highly adhesive coatings.
abstract: Biomimetic coatings with cell-adhesion-regulating functionalities are intensively researched today. For example, cell-based biosensing for drug development, biomedical implants, and tissue engineering require that the surface adhesion of living cells is well controlled. Recently, we have shown that the bacterial flagellar protein, flagellin, adsorbs through its terminal segments to hydrophobic surfaces, forming an oriented monolayer and exposing its variable D3 domain to the solution. Here, we hypothesized that this nanostructured layer is highly cell-repellent since it mimics the surface of the flagellar filaments. Moreover, we proposed flagellin as a carrier molecule to display the cell-adhesive RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) peptide sequence and induce cell adhesion on the coated surface. The D3 domain of flagellin was replaced with one or more RGD motifs linked by various oligopeptides modulating flexibility and accessibility of the inserted segment. The obtained flagellin variants were applied to create surface coatings inducing cell adhesion and spreading to different levels, while wild-type flagellin was shown to form a surface layer with strong anti-adhesive properties. As reference surfaces synthetic polymers were applied which have anti-adhesive (PLL-g-PEG poly(l-lysine)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol)) or adhesion inducing properties (RGD-functionalized PLL-g-PEG). Quantitative adhesion data was obtained by employing optical biochips and microscopy. Cell-adhesion-regulating coatings can be simply formed on hydrophobic surfaces by using the developed flagellin-based constructs. The developed novel RGD-displaying flagellin variants can be easily obtained by bacterial production and can serve as alternatives to create cell-adhesion-regulating biomimetic coatings.
  
  
  
  In the present work, we show for the first time that.
authors.affiliation: Nanobiosensorics Momentum Group, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary; Doctoral School of Molecular- and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Information Technology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary.
authors.forename: Boglarka
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.affiliation: Nanobiosensorics Momentum Group, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Patko
authors.affiliation: Nanobiosensorics Momentum Group, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Inna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Szekacs
authors.affiliation: Nanobiosensorics Momentum Group, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Orgovan
authors.affiliation: Nanobiosensorics Momentum Group, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Sandor
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurunczi
authors.affiliation: Thin Film Physics Department, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sulyok
authors.affiliation: Microtechnology Department, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Nguyen Quoc
authors.initials: NQ
authors.lastname: Khanh
authors.affiliation: Bio-Nanosystems Laboratory, Research Institute of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary.
authors.forename: Balazs
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Toth
authors.affiliation: Nanobiosensorics Momentum Group, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary; Bio-Nanosystems Laboratory, Research Institute of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ferenc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vonderviszt
authors.affiliation: Nanobiosensorics Momentum Group, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: horvathr@mfa.kfki.hu.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Horvath
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005408:Flagellin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008024:Ligands; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology; D011107:Polylysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D008024:Ligands; D009842:Oligopeptides; C443714:polylysine-graft-(poly(ethylene glycol)); D005408:Flagellin; D011107:Polylysine; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C047981:arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid
keywords: Biomimetic film; Cell adhesion; Flagellin; Hydrophobic surface modification; RGD motif; RGD-displaying flagellin; Tunable surface coating