title: Application of elevated temperature-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of organophosphorus pesticides residues in aqueous samples followed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection.
abstract: In the present study, an elevated temperature, dispersive, liquid-liquid microextraction/gas chromatography-flame ionization detection was investigated for the determination, pre-concentration, and extraction of six organophosphorus pesticides (malathion, phosalone, dichlorvos, diazinon, profenofos, and chlorpyrifos) residues in fruit juice and aqueous samples. A mixture of 1,2-dibromoethane (extraction solvent) and dimethyl sulfoxide (disperser solvent) was injected rapidly into the sample solution heated at an elevated temperature. Analytical parameters, including enrichment factors (1600-2075), linearity (r>0.994), limits of detection (0.82-2.72ngmL(-1)) and quantification (2.60-7.36ngmL(-1)), relative standard deviations (<7%) and extraction recoveries (64-83%), showed the high efficiency of the method developed for analysis of the target analytes. The proposed procedure was used effectively to analyse selected analytes in river water and fruit juice, and diazinon was found at ngmL(-1) concentrations in apple juice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: mafarajzadeh@tabrizu.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mir Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Farajzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Afshar Mogaddam
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Samaneh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rezaee Aghdam
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nouri
authors.affiliation: GYAH Corporations, Garmdarreh, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bamorrowat
mesh_terms: D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D005410:Flame Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues; D014867:Water
keywords: Aqueous sample; Chlorpyrifos (PubChem CID: 2730); Diazinon (PubChem CID: 3017); Dichlorvos (PubChem CID: 3039); Elevated temperature dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction; Gas chromatography; Malathion (PubChem CID: 4004); Organophosphorous pesticides; Phosalone (PubChem CID: 4793); Profenofos (PubChem CID: 4004)