title: A simple colorimetric assay for measuring fructosamine 3 kinase activity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fructosamine 3 kinase (FN3K) is a deglycating enzyme, which may play a key role in reducing diabetes-induced organ damage by removing bound glucose from glycated proteins. We wanted to develop a simple colorimetric method for assaying FN3K activity in human body fluids.
  
  
  METHODS
  Glycated bovine serum albumin (BSA) was obtained by glycation with a 10% glucose solution at 37 °C. After 72 h, glycated BSA was dialyzed against phosphate buffered saline (0.1 mol/L, pH 7.4). The dialyzed solution (containing ±1000 µmol/L fructosamine) was used as an FN3K substrate. In the assay, 300 µL of substrate was incubated with 50 µL of serum and 100 µL of MgCl2 (0.7 mmol/L)/ATP (3.2 mmol/L). The fructosamine concentration was determined at the start and after incubation (120 min, 25 °C). The decrease in fructosamine concentration over time is a measure for the FN3K activity (1 U corresponding to 1 µmol/min). Concomitantly, the FN3K SNP rs1056534 and the ferroportin SNP rs1156350 were genotyped.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within-assay CV was 6.0%. Reference values for FN3K activity in serum were 14.2±1.6 U/L (n=143). Reference values for FN3K were neither age- nor sex-dependent. The various FN3K SNP rs1056534 genotypes showed no significant differences in serum FN3K activity. In diabetics (n=191), values (14.0±2.2 U/L) were comparable to those of the controls. FN3K activity in erythrocytes was significantly higher (170.3±7.6 U/L). The intra-erythrocytic FN3K activity makes the results prone to hemolysis. FN3K activity depended on the ferroportin Q248H genotypes, with the highest value for the wild type genotype. Neither transferrin saturation nor ferritin were confounders for the FN3K activity. FN3K activity was significantly (p<0.0001) correlated with HbA1c values, although the correlation between FN3K and HbA1c was weak.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The simple colorimetric method allows determining FN3K activity in human serum. The assay may be useful for studying the impact of deglycation processes in diabetes mellitus.
authors.forename: Justin C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cikomola
authors.forename: Antoine S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kishabongo
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vandepoele
authors.forename: Marieke De
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: Philippe B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Katchunga
authors.forename: Bram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Laukens
authors.forename: Loes Van
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Schie
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Grootaert
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Callewaert
authors.forename: Marijn M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Speeckaert
authors.forename: Joris R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Delanghe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); C414347:fructosamine-3-kinase