title: Clinical manifestations in children and adolescents with corpus callosum abnormalities.
abstract: Corpus callosum abnormality (CCA) outcomes are quite unpredictable and variable, from asymptomatic forms to mild or severe neurodevelopment disorders. The aim of this study was to examine clinical outcomes in CCA patients. The study included 61 children and adolescents in whom brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans showed CCA, isolated or associated to other central nervous system lesions. All patients underwent anamnesis, physical and neurological examination, routine laboratory tests, electroencephalogram (EEG), and MRI scans. In all participants, the intelligence quotient (IQ) was determined. We divided the participants into two subgroups: the first subgroup included patients with an isolated CCA, and the second subgroup included patients with CCA associated with extra-callosal brain lesions (complex CCA). We found that CCA were associated with elevated frequency to intellectual disability (ID), other neurodevelopment disorders, epilepsy, and isolated EEG anomalies. Mild ID (p = 0.003) was more frequent in the isolated subgroup, while epilepsy (p = 0.036) and pre-perinatal risk factors (p = 0.023) were more frequent in the complex CCA subgroup. Although the role of the CC in the interhemispheric communication is known, neurological and neurodevelopment outcomes of CCA are extremely variable and unpredictable. The presence of extra-callosal brain anomalies is one of the major prognostic factor, and probably, they have an important impact on the clinical outcome.
authors.affiliation: Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari, Italy. lucia.margari@uniba.it.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Margari
authors.affiliation: Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Palumbi
authors.affiliation: Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Gloria
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Campa
authors.affiliation: Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca Felicia
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Operto
authors.affiliation: Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Maura
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buttiglione
authors.affiliation: Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matricardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verrotti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D061085:Agenesis of Corpus Callosum / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000209:etiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
keywords: Autism; Clinical outcome; Corpus callosum abnormalities; Epilepsy; Intellectual disability; Neurodevelopment disorders