title: Mandarin Lexical Tone Acquisition in Cochlear Implant Users With Prelingual Deafness: A Review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this review article is to synthesize evidence from the fields of developmental linguistics and cochlear implant technology relevant to the production and perception of Mandarin lexical tone in cochlear implant users with prelingual deafness. The aim of this review was to identify potential factors that determine outcomes for tonal-language speaking cochlear implant users and possible directions for further research.
  
  
  METHODS
  A computerized database search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Academic Search Premier, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was undertaken in June and July 2014. Search terms used were lexical tone AND tonal language, speech development AND/OR speech production AND/OR speech perception AND cochlear implants, and pitch perception AND cochlear implants, anywhere in the title or abstract.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the demonstrated limitations of pitch perception in cochlear implant users, there is some evidence that typical production and perception of lexical tone is possible by cochlear implant users with prelingual deafness. Further studies are required to determine the factors that contribute to better outcomes to inform rehabilitation processes for cochlear implant users in tonal-language environments.
authors.affiliation: The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dowell
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroscience of Speech, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaHertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, GermanyMurdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vogel
mesh_terms: D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D003638:Deafness / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D010898:Pitch Perception; D013067:Speech Perception