title: Measurement of extracellular volume and transit time heterogeneity using contrast-enhanced myocardial perfusion MRI in patients after acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: To assess the ability of dynamic contrast-enhanced myocardial perfusion MRI to measure extracellular volume (ECV) and to investigate the possibility of estimating capillary transit time heterogeneity (CTH) in patients after myocardial infarction and successful revascularization.
  
  
  
  Twenty-four perfusion data sets were acquired on a 3 Tesla positron emission tomography (PET)/MRI scanner. Three perfusion models of different complexity were implemented in a hierarchical fashion with an Akaike information criterion being used to determine the number of fit parameters supported by the data. Results were compared sector-wise to ECV from an equilibrium T1mapping method (modified look-locker inversion recovery (MOLLI)).
  
  
  
  ECV derived from the perfusion analysis correlated well with equilibrium measurements (R² = 0.76). Estimation of CTH was supported in 16% of sectors (mostly remote). Inclusion of a nonzero CTH parameter usually led to lower estimates of first-pass extraction and slightly higher estimates of blood volume and flow. Estimation of the capillary permeability-surface area product was feasible in 81% of sectors.
  
  
  
  Transit time heterogeneity has a measurable effect on the kinetic analysis of myocardial perfusion MRI data, and Gd-DTPA extravasation in the myocardium is usually not flow-limited in infarct-related pathology. Measurement of myocardial ECV using perfusion imaging could provide a scan-time efficient alternative to methods based on T1mapping. Magn Reson Med 77:2320-2330, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
authors.affiliation: Klinikum rechts der Isar der TU München, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Karl P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Kunze
authors.affiliation: Klinikum rechts der Isar der TU München, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Munich, Germany.|DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V.) partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rischpler
authors.affiliation: Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Carmel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.affiliation: DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V.) partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.|Klinikum rechts der Isar der TU München, Department of Cardiology, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Tareq
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V.) partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.|Klinikum rechts der Isar der TU München, Department of Cardiology, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Karl-Ludwig
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Laugwitz
authors.affiliation: Zentralinstitut für Medizintechnik (IMETUM) der TU München, Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haase
authors.affiliation: Klinikum rechts der Isar der TU München, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Munich, Germany.|DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V.) partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwaiger
authors.affiliation: Klinikum rechts der Isar der TU München, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Munich, Germany.|DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V.) partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephan G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Nekolla
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002196:Capillaries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D005110:Extracellular Space; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055414:Myocardial Perfusion Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: GCTT model; T1 mapping; extracellular volume; myocardial perfusion imaging; tracer-kinetic modeling; transit time heterogeneity