title: Novel risk factors for acute coronary syndromes and emerging therapies.
abstract: Acute coronary syndromes represent not merely disrupted atherosclerotic plaques or luminal stenoses but rather a complex clinical syndrome. The traditional conception of pathogenesis and management of ACS has been challenged by numerous recent landmark ACS trials. Current prognostication models lack clinical precision and can be challenging to the clinicians in tailoring management strategies for individual patients. In this review we summarise the emerging evidence of novel risk factors (plaque phenotype, coronary blood flow, endothelial dysfunction, microvascular dysfunction, and inflammation) in predicting future events and outcomes in ACS population. As the search for miracle cure for ischaemic heart disease continues, one is hopeful that emerging therapeutic approaches targeting these novel risk factors will improve long-term outcomes of ACS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Peninsula Health, Frankston, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Peninsula Health, Frankston, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Peninsula Health, Frankston, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Peninsula Campus, Frankston, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: Jlayland@phcn.vic.gov.au.
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Layland
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D055806:Microvessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Acute coronary syndromes; Atherosclerosis; Ischaemic heart disease; Risk