title: Perinatal and childhood factors and risk of prostate cancer in adulthood: MCC-Spain case-control study.
abstract: In utero and early-life exposures are suspected to modulate the risk of prostate cancer. This study examines the influence of certain perinatal and childhood-related factors on prostate cancer risk overall and by Gleason score at biopsy.
  
  
  
  MCC-Spain is a multicase-control study where 1088 histologically-confirmed incident prostate cancer cases (aged 42-85years) and 1345 population-based controls (aged 38-85years), frequency matched by age and province of recruitment, were recruited in 7 Spanish provinces. Self-reported perinatal and childhood-related characteristics were directly surveyed by trained staff. The association with prostate cancer risk, globally and according to Gleason score at biopsy, was evaluated using logistic and multinomial regression mixed models, adjusting for age, family history of prostate cancer, educational level and body mass index one year before the interview, and including the province as a random effect term.
  
  
  
  Most perinatal factors were not related to prostate cancer risk, with the exception of middle-high socioeconomic level at birth (OR for high grade tumors=1.36; 95%CI=1.09-1.68). Regarding puberty, risk rose by 6% for each year of delayed onset (OR=1.06; 95%CI=1.01-1.10; p trend=0.016), with a clear excess of risk in men who reached puberty after age 15 (OR:1.35; 95%CI=1.08-1.68). A borderline significant positive association with prepubertal height was also observed (p trend=0.094).
  
  
  
  Some exposures experienced in utero and during adolescence, when the prostate is still maturing, might be relevant for prostate cancer risk in adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health. Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Spain; Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM), Manuel de Falla 1, 28222, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: vicarvajal@isciii.es.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lope
authors.affiliation: Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPaz. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: García-Esquinas
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol. Carretera de Canyet, S/N, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Dominguez
authors.affiliation: Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Spain; Universidad de Cantabria - IDIVAL, Avenida Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011, Santander, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: LLorca
authors.affiliation: Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Spain; Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA)-Granada Health Research Institute (ibs.GRANADA), Doctor Azpitarte 4 4ª Planta, Edificio Licinio de la Fuente, 18012, Granada, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada. Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: José Juan
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Moleón
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, La Fe University Hospital, Avinguda de Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Cerdá
authors.affiliation: Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Spain; Centro de Investigación en Salud y Medio Ambiente (CYSMA), Universidad de Huelva. Campus Universitario de El Carmen, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alguacil
authors.affiliation: Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo. Facultad de Medicina, Planta 7, Campus de El Cristo B, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: Adonina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tardón
authors.affiliation: Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Spain; Universidad de Cantabria - IDIVAL, Avenida Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011, Santander, Spain.
authors.forename: Trinidad
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dierssen-Sotos
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ángel
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Tabernero
authors.affiliation: Laboratory and Department of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer del Rosselló, 149, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Carrer del Rosselló, 149, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mengual
authors.affiliation: Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Spain; Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Manolis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kogevinas
authors.affiliation: Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health. Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Spain; Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM), Manuel de Falla 1, 28222, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aragonés
authors.affiliation: Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Spain; Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Castaño-Vinyals
authors.affiliation: Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health. Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Spain; Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM), Manuel de Falla 1, 28222, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pollán
authors.affiliation: Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health. Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Spain; Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM), Manuel de Falla 1, 28222, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pérez-Gómez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain
keywords: Case-control study; Childhood factors; Early life factors; Gleason score; MCC-Spain; Maternal age at birth; Perinatal factors; Prostate cancer; Puberty