title: Transforming growth factor β-related genes in human retinal pigment epithelial cells after tacrolimus treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including fibrotic pathologies of the eyes. The difficulties of surgical procedures contribute to the search for new treatment strategies for proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression profile of TGFβ isoforms, their receptors, and TGFβ-related genes in human retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) after tacrolimus (FK-506) treatment in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression profile was analyzed using oligonucleotide microarrays and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis using oligonucleotide microarrays revealed 20 statistically significant differentially expressed TGFβ-related genes after LPS treatment in relation to control cells, and after tacrolimus and LPS treatment in relation to LPS-treated cells. Moreover, our results showed that mRNA levels for TGFβ2 and TGFβR3 after tacrolimus treatment, and for TGFβR3 after tacrolimus and LPS treatment in RPE cells were decreased. In turn, in the presence of LPS-induced inflammation, TGFβ2 mRNA level was increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results can be important in regard to the treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy, pathogenesis of which is associated with processes regulated by TGFβ, such as inflammation, proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland. Electronic address: gosiakimsa@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimsa
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Strzalka-Mrozik
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimsa-Dudek
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Celina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kruszniewska-Rajs
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gola
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adamska
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mazurek
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D055213:Retinal Pigment Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics*; D018630:Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016559:Tacrolimus
keywords: Oligonucleotide microarray; Proliferative vitreoretinopathy; Retinal pigment epithelial cells; Tacrolimus; Transforming growth factor β