title: Intravenous ketamine, propofol and propofol-ketamine combination used for pediatric dental sedation: A randomized clinical study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dental treatments cannot bealways performed under local anesthesia inpediatric non-cooperative patients. For this purpose, differentanesthetic techniques have been applied to increase patient comport to dental treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty children classified as ASA I-II, between aged 3 to 9, who were scheduled to undergo tooth extraction, were enrolled for this randomized study. Group K received 1 mg/kg ketamine, Group P received 1 mg/kg propofol, and Group KP received 0.5 mg/kg propofol plus 0.5 mg/kg ketamine intravenously for anesthesia induction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recovery time was significantly lower in Group P than Group KP. No significant differences were found between groups regarding HR, before and after the induction, at tenth minute. Fifth minute's HR was higher in Group K than Group KP. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) values were similar at baseline, before and after the induction, and at tenth minute, whereas significantly lower values were found in Group P and Group KP than in Group K at fifth minute.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although ketamine, propofol and ketamine-propofol combination are effective for sedation in tooth extraction in pediatric patients, propofol may be an excellent alternative, with the shortest recovery, no nausea and vomiting, and reasonable surgical satisfaction.
authors.affiliation: Dilek Gunay Canpolat, Anesthesiologist, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Erciyes University Faculty of Dentistry, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Dilek Gunay
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Canpolat
authors.affiliation: Mustafa Denizhan Yildirim, Anesthesiologist, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Erciyes University Faculty of Dentistry, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa Denizhan
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.affiliation: Recep Aksu, Department of Anesthesiology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Recep
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aksu
authors.affiliation: Nukhet Kutuk, Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Erciyes University Faculty of Dentistry, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nukhet
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kutuk
authors.affiliation: Alper Alkan, Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Erciyes University Faculty of Dentistry, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Alper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alkan
authors.affiliation: Kenan Cantekin, Pediatric Dentist, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Erciyes University Faculty of Dentistry, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kenan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cantekin
keywords: Ketamine; Propofol; Sedation; Tooth extraction