title: Effects of S-Allylcysteine on Biomarkers of the Polyol Pathway in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the effects of S-allylcysteine (SAC) on biomarkers of the polyol pathway in streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA)-induced diabetes in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diabetes was induced in male albino Wistar rats by intraperitoneal administration of STZ (55 mg kg-1bw-1) and NA (110 mg kg-1bw-1). SAC (150 mg kg-1bw-1) was orally administered to the rats with diabetes for 45 days to assess its effects on blood glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, glycated hemoglobin, aldose reductase (AR), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), sorbitol, fructose, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), hydroperoxide, hemoglobin and glutathione (GSH).
  
  
  RESULTS
  On SAC administration in the rats with diabetes, the levels of blood glucose, insulin resistance, glycated hemoglobin, AR, SDH, sorbitol, fructose, TBARS and hydroperoxide increased significantly (p<0.05), whereas those of insulin, hemoglobin and GSH decreased. SAC showed therapeutic effects similar to those of gliclazide in decreasing blood glucose, AR, SDH, sorbitol, fructose, glycosylated hemoglobin, TBARS and hydroperoxides levels and significant increases in insulin, hemoglobin and GSH activity in rats with diabetes. Moreover, histopathologic studies also revealed the protective effect of SAC on pancreatic beta cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that SAC prevents complications of diabetes by reducing the influx of glucose in the polyol pathway, thereby elevating the GSH level and reducing the activities of AR and SDH. Therefore, SAC may have imperative implications for the deterrence and early treatment of type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India.
authors.forename: Parim Brahma
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Naidu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Science, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science, Thokkavadi, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Sathibabu Uddandrao
authors.affiliation: National Center for Laboratory Animal Sciences, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Ramavat Ravindar
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Naik
authors.affiliation: National Center for Laboratory Animal Sciences, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pothani
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Praveen Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Munipally
authors.affiliation: Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India.
authors.forename: Balaji
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Meriga
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Muthayammal College of Arts and Science, Rasipuram, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Mustapha Sabana
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Begum
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Biological Science, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science, Thokkavadi, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Chandrasekar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Varatharaju
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Science, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science, Thokkavadi, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pandiyan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Science, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science, Thokkavadi, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: saravana_bioc@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Ganapathy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Saravanan
mesh_terms: D000449:Aldehyde Reductase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D003545:Cysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005632:Fructose / Q000097:blood; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000097:blood; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007064:L-Iditol 2-Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000187:drug effects*; D011108:Polymers / Q000378:metabolism*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013012:Sorbitol / Q000097:blood; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000449:Aldehyde Reductase; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003545:Cysteine; D005632:Fructose; D005978:Glutathione; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006454:Hemoglobins; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007064:L-Iditol 2-Dehydrogenase; D011108:Polymers; D013012:Sorbitol; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; C024617:polyol; C065299:S-allylcysteine
keywords: Diabète; S-allyl-cystéine; S-allylcysteine; diabetes; lipid peroxidation; peroxydation des lipides; polyol pathway; streptozotocin; streptozotocine; voie des polyols