title: The Boehringer Ingelheim employee study (Part 2): 10-year cardiovascular diseases risk estimation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular disease (CVD) may cause an economic burden to companies, but CVD risk estimations specific to working populations are lacking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the 10-year CVD risk in the Boehringer Ingelheim (BI) employee cohort and analyse the potential effect of hypothetical risk reduction interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We estimated CVD risk using the Framingham (FRS), PROCAM (PRS) and Reynolds (RRS) risk scores, using cross-sectional baseline data on BI Pharma employees collected from 2005 to 2011. Results were compared using Fisher's exact and Wilcoxon tests. The predictive ability of the score estimates was assessed using receiver-operating characteristics analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 4005 study subjects, we estimated 10-year CVD risks of 35% (FRS), 9% (PRS) and 6% (RRS) for men and 10% (FRS), 4% (PRS) and 1% (RRS) for women. One hundred and thirty-four (6%) men and 111 (6%) women employees had current CVD. The best predictors of prevalent CVD were the FRS and the RRS for men [area-under-the-curve 0.62 (0.57-0.67) for both]. A hypothetical intervention that would improve systolic blood pressure, HbA1c (for diabetes), C-reactive protein, triglycerides and total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 10% each would potentially reduce expected CVD cases by 36-41% in men and 30-45% in women, and if smoking cessation is incorporated, by 39-45% and 30-55%, respectively, depending on the pre-intervention risk score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a substantial risk of developing CVD in this working cohort. Occupational health programmes with lifestyle interventions for high-risk individuals may be an effective risk reduction measure.
authors.affiliation: West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Düsseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Hohensandweg 37, 40591 Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kempf
authors.affiliation: West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Düsseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Hohensandweg 37, 40591 Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics, RWTH-Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Döhring
authors.affiliation: Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH, 55218 Ingelheim, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dugi
authors.affiliation: mediStatistica, Neuenrade, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haastert
authors.affiliation: Occupational Health and Medical Services, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 55218 Ingelheim, Germany.|Mannheim Institute for Public Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Cardiovascular disease risk; Framingham risk score; PROCAM risk score; Reynolds risk score; epidemiology; lifestyle intervention; occupational healthcare; risk reduction; working population.