title: Correlation of tunnel widening and tunnel positioning with short-term functional outcomes in single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using patellar tendon versus hamstring graft: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the correlation between tunnel widening and tunnel position with short-term functional outcomes post-ACL reconstruction with patellar tendon and hamstring autografts in young adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 33 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction between October 2013 and February 2015 were included and followed up for 6 months. A standardized surgical technique was used for each graft type. Intra-op arthroscopy findings and drilled tunnel diameters were noted. They were followed up for 3 and 6 months. Radiological assessment was done at 3 and 6 months with clinical score assessment at 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 6 months, clinical scores were comparable in both groups. Tunnel widening in both femoral and tibial tunnel at 3 and 6 months were significantly higher in STG group (p values <0.05). The rate of widening was higher in 0-3 months and reduced in 3-6 months. There was statistically significant negative correlation between femoral tunnel widening by CT and IKDC score at 6 months (p value 0.049). We found a positive correlation between posterior positioning of femoral tunnel and Lysholm and IKDC scores. The correlation with Lysholm scores was statistically significant (p value 0.046).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To conclude, tunnel widening is more with hamstrings graft. Femoral tunnel widening has significant negative correlation with that of IKDC scores at 6 months. Posterior femoral tunnel positioning and Lysholm scores at 6 months had significant correlation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, 605006, India.
authors.forename: Udit Kumar
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Biswal
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, 605006, India. drgopi9596@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gopisankar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Balaji
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, 605006, India.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nema
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, 605006, India.
authors.forename: Murali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Poduval
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, 605006, India.
authors.forename: Jagdish
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, 605006, India.
authors.forename: Dilip Kumar
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Patro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D059549:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017847:Patellar Ligament / Q000637:transplantation*; D011859:Radiography / Q000379:methods; D020127:Recovery of Function; D013977:Tibia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Anterior cruciate ligament; Grafts; Hamstring; Reconstruction; Rehabilitation