title: Mating Disruption of a Carpenter Moth, Cossus insularis (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) in Apple Orchards with Synthetic Sex Pheromone, and Registration of the Pheromone as an Agrochemical.
abstract: Mating disruption of the carpenter moth, Cossus insularis (Staudinger) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae), with a synthetic version of its sex pheromone, a mixture of (E)-3-tetradecenyl acetate and (Z)-3-tetradecenyl acetate, was tested for three successive years in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchards. Pheromone trap catches, percentage mating of tethered females and females enclosed with males in a mating cage, and tree damage were measured in both the pheromone-treated and untreated control orchards. The attraction of male moths to pheromone traps at heights of 1.5, 3, and 5 m was strongly disrupted when the pheromone dispensers were placed at 1.5 m height. Mating of tethered females placed at 1 m was completely inhibited, and the mating of tethered females at a height of 3 m was significantly reduced by the treatment in comparison to matings in an untreated control orchard. Similarly, mating of pairs of moths enclosed in mating cages was significantly reduced by the synthetic pheromone treatment in comparison to controls. The percentage of damaged trees in the pheromone-treated orchard also decreased significantly over the course of the experiment. These results suggest that mating disruption with the synthetic sex pheromone appears promising for reducing damage caused by C. insularis in apple orchards in Japan, and a commercial mating disruption product has been developed and registered.
authors.affiliation: Fruit Tree Research Centre, Fukushima Agricultural Technology Centre, Iizaka-machi, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-0231, Japan.|Date Agriculture Promotion Sector, Ken-poku Agriculture and Forestry Office, Fukushima Prefectural Government, Hobara-machi, Date, Fukushima, 960-0634, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotsuna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoshi
authors.affiliation: Horticultural Experiment Station of Yamagata Integrated Agricultural Research Center, Shima, Sagae, Yamagata, 991-0043, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan. nakamuta@faculty.chiba-u.jp.
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7312-8406
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamuta
mesh_terms: D016573:Agrochemicals / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D027845:Malus; D009036:Moths / Q000187:drug effects*; D012724:Sex Attractants / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D016573:Agrochemicals; D012724:Sex Attractants
keywords: Apple orchard; Carpenter moth; Cossus insularis; Mating disruption; Sex pheromone