title: Primary Graft Dysfunction after Lung Transplantation.
abstract: Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a severe form of acute lung injury that is a major cause of early morbidity and mortality encountered after lung transplantation. PGD is diagnosed by pulmonary oedema with diffuse alveolar damage that manifests clinically as progressive hypoxemia with radiographic pulmonary infiltrates. Inflammatory and immunological response caused by ischaemia and reperfusion is important with regard to pathophysiology. PGD affects short- and long-term outcomes, the donor organ is the leading factor affecting these adverse ramifications. To minimize the risk of PGD, reduction of lung ischaemia time, reperfusion optimisation, prostaglandin level regulation, haemodynamic control, hormone replacement therapy, ventilator management are carried out; for research regarding donor lung preparation strategies, certain procedures are recommended. In this review, recent updates in epidemiology, pathophysiology, molecular and genetic biomarkers and technical developments affecting PGD are described.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gülbin Töre
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Altun
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa Kemal
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Arslantaş
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: İsmail
authors.initials: İ
authors.lastname: Cinel
keywords: Primary graft dysfunction; acute lung injury; early graft dysfunction; ischaemia reperfusion injury; lung transplantation