title: Differential Multiphoton Laser Scanning Microscopy.
abstract: Multifocal multiphoton microscopy (MMM) in the biological and medical sciences has become an important tool for obtaining high resolution images at video rates. While current implementations of MMM achieve very high frame rates, they are limited in their applicability to essentially those biological samples that exhibit little or no scattering. In this paper, we report on a method for MMM in which imaging detection is not necessary (single element point detection is implemented), and is therefore fully compatible for use in imaging through scattering media. Further, we demonstrate that this method leads to a new type of MMM wherein it is possible to simultaneously obtain multiple images and view differences in excitation parameters in a single shot.
authors.affiliation: Center for Microintegrated Optics for Advanced Bioimaging and Control, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Field
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA.
authors.forename: Kraig E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Sheetz
authors.affiliation: Center for Microintegrated Optics for Advanced Bioimaging and Control, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
authors.forename: Eric V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Chandler
authors.affiliation: Center for Microintegrated Optics for Advanced Bioimaging and Control, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
authors.forename: Erich E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Hoover
authors.affiliation: Center for Microintegrated Optics for Advanced Bioimaging and Control, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
authors.forename: Shi-You
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
authors.forename: Anne W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Sylvester
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kleinfeld
authors.affiliation: Center for Microintegrated Optics for Advanced Bioimaging and Control, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
authors.forename: Jeff A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Squier
keywords: Multiphoton microscopy; fluorescence microscopy; nonlinear microscopy; nonlinear optics; ultrafast optics