title: Role of heparin and non heparin binding serpins in coagulation and angiogenesis: A complex interplay.
abstract: Pro-coagulant, anti-coagulant and fibrinolytic pathways are responsible for maintaining hemostatic balance under physiological conditions. Any deviation from these pathways would result in hypercoagulability leading to life threatening diseases like myocardial infarction, stroke, portal vein thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Angiogenesis is the process of sprouting of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones and plays a critical role in vascular repair, diabetic retinopathy, chronic inflammation and cancer progression. Serpins; a superfamily of protease inhibitors, play a key role in regulating both angiogenesis and coagulation. They are characterized by the presence of highly conserved secondary structure comprising of 3 β-sheets and 7-9 α-helices. Inhibitory role of serpins is modulated by binding to cofactors, specially heparin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) present on cell surfaces and extracellular matrix. Heparin and HSPGs are the mainstay of anti-coagulant therapy and also have therapeutic potential as anti-angiogenic inhibitors. Many of the heparin binding serpins that regulate coagulation cascade are also potent inhibitors of angiogenesis. Understanding the molecular mechanism of the switch between their specific anti-coagulant and anti-angiogenic role during inflammation, stress and regular hemostasis is important. In this review, we have tried to integrate the role of different serpins, their interaction with cofactors and their interplay in regulating coagulation and angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Protein Conformation and Enzymology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
authors.forename: Teena
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bhakuni
authors.affiliation: Protein Conformation and Enzymology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
authors.forename: Mohammad Farhan
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Protein Conformation and Enzymology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
authors.forename: Irshad
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Protein Conformation and Enzymology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
authors.forename: Shadabi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bano
authors.affiliation: Protein Conformation and Enzymology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
authors.forename: Shoyab
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.affiliation: Protein Conformation and Enzymology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India. Electronic address: mjairajpuri@jmi.ac.in.
authors.forename: Mohamad Aman
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jairajpuri
mesh_terms: D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000737:chemistry; D000991:Antithrombins / Q000737:chemistry; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000503:physiopathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D005342:Fibrinolysis; D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000737:chemistry; D006493:Heparin / Q000737:chemistry*; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000737:chemistry; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000737:chemistry; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000737:chemistry; D018046:Protein C Inhibitor / Q000737:chemistry; D058258:Serpin E2 / Q000737:chemistry; D015843:Serpins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor
chemical_list: D000808:Angiotensinogen; D000925:Anticoagulants; D000991:Antithrombins; D001798:Blood Proteins; D005136:Eye Proteins; D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans; D006493:Heparin; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D018046:Protein C Inhibitor; D058258:Serpin E2; D015843:Serpins; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human; C545486:SERPINE2 protein, human; C051324:kallistatin; C026080:plasma protein Z
keywords: Angiogenesis; Cancer; Coagulation; Haemostasis; Heparin; Serpins