title: Basal autophagy is pivotal for Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells' survival and growth revealing a new strategy for Hodgkin lymphoma treatment.
abstract: As current classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) treatment strategies have pronounced side-effects, specific inhibition of signaling pathways may offer novel strategies in cHL therapy. Basal autophagy, a regulated catabolic pathway to degrade cell's own components, is in cancer linked with both, tumor suppression or promotion. The finding that basal autophagy enhances tumor cell survival would thus lead to immediately testable strategies for novel therapies. Thus, we studied its contribution in cHL.We found constitutive activation of autophagy in cHL cell lines and primary tissue. The expression of key autophagy-relevant proteins (e.g. Beclin-1, ULK1) and LC3 processing was increased in cHL cells, even in lymphoma cases. Consistently, cHL cells exhibited elevated numbers of autophagic vacuoles and intact autophagic flux. Autophagy inhibition with chloroquine or inactivation of ATG5 induced apoptosis and reduced proliferation of cHL cells. Chloroquine-mediated inhibition of basal autophagy significantly impaired HL growth in-vivo in NOD SCID γc-/- (NSG) mice. We found that basal autophagy plays a pivotal role in sustaining mitochondrial function.We conclude that cHL cells require basal autophagy for growth, survival and sustained metabolism making them sensitive to autophagy inhibition. This suggests basal autophagy as useful target for new strategies in cHL treatment.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Birkenmeier
authors.affiliation: Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moll
authors.affiliation: Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Newrzela
authors.affiliation: Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Anesthesiology, Intensive-Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dröse
authors.affiliation: Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin-Leo
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hansmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000071187:Autophagy-Related Protein 5 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation; D016539:Reed-Sternberg Cells / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000071187:Autophagy-Related Protein 5; D002738:Chloroquine
keywords: B-cell lymphoma; Hodgkin lymphoma; autophagy; lymphoma pathogenesis; targeted therapy