title: How to Restore Fairness After Doping Infringement?
abstract: This article addresses the question how to restore the biggest possible amount of fairness after a discovery of doping infringement. I will analyse eight actions that could be taken: (1) disqualification and re-ranking, (2) change in official result, (3) medal stripping and medal re-awarding, (4) ban, (5) rematch, (6) legal action, (7) apology and (8) forgiveness. I conclude that the best way to restore the biggest possible amount of fairness seems to be a selected combination of actions. I also propose that re-ranking and medal re-awarding should be accompanied by a ceremony in which the new winners are celebrated because they typically did not have the possibility of enjoying their success in front of the original audience.
authors.affiliation: mikham@utu.fi.
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hämäläinen
mesh_terms: D001290:Attitude; D026688:Bioethical Issues; D003163:Competitive Behavior / Q000941:ethics; D004300:Doping in Sports / Q000941:ethics*; D061347:Forgiveness; D006801:Humans; D013177:Sports / Q000941:ethics / Q000523:psychology
keywords: doping; fairness; philosophy of sport; sport ethics