title: Communication practices in the US and Syria.
abstract: This study highlights Syrian communication practices using comparative tests with the United States communication as a baseline. Additionally, theoretical findings on individualism and collectivism theory are extended to include findings from Syria. Multivariate Analysis of Covariance was used to test culture's effect in demographically similar (in age, SES, and education) student convenience samples, with the covariate communication adaptability, on dependent variables: empathy, social confirmation, social composure, friendships, non-verbal immediacy, social self-efficacy, and general self-efficacy. Results indicated that Syrians possess more empathy, social confirmation, and perceived general self-efficacy in comparison to U.S. citizens who have greater social composure, friendships, non-verbal immediacy and social self-efficacy. These results indicate that Syrians have the strength of self-efficacy to succeed in intercultural relationships while U.S. Americans have the assets of warmth and sociability to enable successful interactions with Syrians.
authors.affiliation: Baruch College, CUNY, 1 Bernard Baruch Way, New York, NY 10010 USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Merkin
authors.affiliation: Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
authors.forename: Reem
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramadan
keywords: Collectivism; Communication adaptability; Cross-cultural differences; Culture; Empathy; General self-efficacy (GSE); Individualism; Ingroup; Intercultural relations; Non-verbal immediacy; Outgroup; Social self-efficacy (SSE); Syria