title: Environmental concentration of carbamazepine accelerates fish embryonic development and disturbs larvae behavior.
abstract: Environmental pollution caused by pharmaceuticals has been recognized as a major threat to the aquatic ecosystems. Carbamazepine, as the widely prescribed antiepileptic drug, has been frequently detected in the aquatic environment and has created concerns about its potential impacts in the aquatic organisms. The effects of carbamazepine on zebrafish embryos were studied by examining their phenotype, behavior and molecular responses. The results showed that carbamazepine disturbed the normal growth and development of exposed zebrafish embryos and larvae. Upon exposure to carbamazepine at 1 μg/L, the hatching rate, body length, swim bladder appearance and yolk sac absorption rate were significantly increased. Embryos in treatment groups were more sensitive to touch and light stimulation. At molecular level, exposure to an environmentally relevant concentration (1 μg/L) of carbamazepine disturbed the expression pattern of neural-related genes of zebrafish embryos and larvae. This study suggests that the exposure of fish embryo to antiepileptic drugs, at environmentally relevant concentrations, affects their early development and impairs their behavior. Such impacts may have future repercussions by affecting fish population structure.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Liyuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qiang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China. jinpingcheng@gmail.com.|Environmental Science Programs, School of Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. jinpingcheng@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jinping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: School of Biological, Biomedical & Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU67RX, UK.
authors.forename: Jeanette M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rotchell
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiaotong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China.|School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
authors.forename: Junliang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000633:toxicity*; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000633:toxicity*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects*; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002220:Carbamazepine
keywords: Accelerated development; Behavior change; Carbamazepine; Molecular response; Zebrafish larvae