title: Improved illumination system of laparoscopes using an aspherical lens array.
abstract: The current fiber-based illumination systems of laparoscopes are unable to uniformly illuminate a large enough area in abdomen due to the limited numerical aperture (NA) of the fiber bundle. Most energy is concentrated in a small region at the center of the illumination area. This limitation becomes problematic in laparoscopes which require capturing a wide field of view. In this paper, we propose an aspherical lens array which is used to direct the outgoing rays from the fiber bundle of laparoscope to produce a more uniformly illuminated, substantially larger field coverage than standalone fiber source. An intensity feedback method is developed to design the aspherical lens unit for extended non-Lambertian sources, which is the key to the design of this lens array. By this method, the lens unit is obtained after only one iteration, and the lens array is constructed by Boolean operation. Then, the ray-tracing technique is used to verify the design. Further, the lens array is fabricated and experimental tests are performed. The results clearly show that the well-illuminated area is increased to about 0.107m(2) from 0.02m(2) (about 5x larger than a standard fiber illumination source). More details of the internal organs can be clearly observed under this improved illumination condition, which also reflects the significant improvement in the optical performance of the laparoscope.
authors.affiliation: 3DVIS Lab, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
authors.forename: Rengmao
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: 3DVIS Lab, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: 3DVIS Lab, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hua
keywords: (170.3890) Medical optics instrumentation; (220.1250) Aspherics; (220.2945) Illumination design; (220.4298) Nonimaging optics