title: Effects of Metastasis on Pain Treatment in Patients with Cancer-Related Pain: A Retrospective Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of the presence of metastases on pain treatment in patients with cancer-related pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of the 1736 patients who were treated in Firat University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Algology Section, for cancer-related pain between January 1997 and December 2010, 1467 with complete medical records were evaluated. Patients were grouped as having no metastasis (Group I), a single organ metastasis (Group II), or multiple organ metastasis (Group III).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference between the groups with regard to age. Visual Analog Pain (VAS) scores at admission were higher in Group III compared to the other groups, and significantly higher in Group I than in Group II. Analgesic ladder treatment was given to 85.5% of patients, and 14.5% were treated using additional minimally invasive analgesic intervention (MIAI) methods. In Group II and Group III, the rates of treatment in Step I and II were lower compared to Group I, while the rates of treatment in Step III were higher. Implementation of MIAI was higher in Group III than in the other groups, and higher in Group II than in Group I.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of metastases causes more severe pain, which becomes more difficult to treat, and increases the analgesia step and the consumption of opioids in patients with cancer-related pain.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Bingöl State Hospital, Bingöl, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yücel Zülfi
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Kurşun
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Harput State Hospital, Elazığ, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fuat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yıldız
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Kovancılar State Hospital, Elazığ, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ömer
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Kaymaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Field of Algology, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selami Ateş
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Önal
keywords: Cancer; analgesics; metastasis; pain