title: Capturing tumor complexity in vitro: Comparative analysis of 2D and 3D tumor models for drug discovery.
abstract: Two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures growing on plastic do not recapitulate the three dimensional (3D) architecture and complexity of human tumors. More representative models are required for drug discovery and validation. Here, 2D culture and 3D mono- and stromal co-culture models of increasing complexity have been established and cross-comparisons made using three standard cell carcinoma lines: MCF7, LNCaP, NCI-H1437. Fluorescence-based growth curves, 3D image analysis, immunohistochemistry and treatment responses showed that end points differed according to cell type, stromal co-culture and culture format. The adaptable methodologies described here should guide the choice of appropriate simple and complex in vitro models.
authors.affiliation: Bayer Pharma AG, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stock
authors.affiliation: iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal.|Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
authors.forename: Marta F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Estrada
authors.affiliation: Janssen Pharmaceutica nv, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.|ERASMUS MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Suzana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vidic
authors.affiliation: Janssen Pharmaceutica nv, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.|ERASMUS MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Kjersti
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gjerde
authors.affiliation: Boehringer Ingelheim RCV, GmbH &Co. KG, Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1120 Wien, Austria.
authors.forename: Albin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rudisch
authors.affiliation: iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal.|Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
authors.forename: Vítor E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Santo
authors.affiliation: Janssen Pharmaceutica nv, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.
authors.forename: Michaël
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barbier
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blom
authors.affiliation: The Weizmann Institute, 234 Herzl St., Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
authors.forename: Sharath C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Arundkar
authors.affiliation: Boehringer Ingelheim RCV, GmbH &Co. KG, Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1120 Wien, Austria.
authors.forename: Irwin
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Selvam
authors.affiliation: Boehringer Ingelheim RCV, GmbH &Co. KG, Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1120 Wien, Austria.|Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 10, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Osswald
authors.affiliation: The Weizmann Institute, 234 Herzl St., Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.affiliation: Bayer Pharma AG, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gruenewald
authors.affiliation: iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal.|Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
authors.forename: Catarina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.affiliation: ERASMUS MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wytske
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van Weerden
authors.affiliation: The Weizmann Institute, 234 Herzl St., Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
authors.forename: Varda
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rotter
authors.affiliation: AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064-6098, USA.
authors.forename: Erwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boghaert
authors.affiliation: The Weizmann Institute, 234 Herzl St., Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
authors.forename: Moshe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oren
authors.affiliation: Boehringer Ingelheim RCV, GmbH &Co. KG, Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1120 Wien, Austria.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sommergruber
authors.affiliation: Janssen Pharmaceutica nv, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.affiliation: Janssen Pharmaceutica nv, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Hoogt
authors.affiliation: Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH &Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Graeser
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018920:Coculture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D018874:Spheroids, Cellular / Q000166:cytology*; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology