title: Nuclear and extranuclear-initiated estrogen receptor signaling crosstalk and endocrine resistance in breast cancer.
abstract: Estrogens regulate function of reproductive and non-reproductive tissues in healthy and diseased states including breast cancer. They mainly work through estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and/or estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). There are various ERα targeting agents that have been used for treatment of ER (+) breast tumors. The impact of direct nuclear activity of ER is very well characterized in ER (+) breast cancers and development and progression of endocrine resistance. Recent studies also suggested important roles for extranuclear-initiated ERα pathways, which would decrease the potency and efficiency of ERα targeting agents. In this mini-review, we will discuss the role of nuclear and extra-nuclear ER signaling and how they relate to therapy resistance in breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA.
authors.forename: Eylem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kulkoyluoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA. Electronic address: zmadake2@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: Zeynep
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Madak-Erdogan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D013629:Tamoxifen
keywords: Breast cancer; Estrogen receptor; Kinase signaling; Tamoxifen resistance