title: The first point prevalence survey of health care-associated infection and antimicrobial use in a Japanese university hospital: A pilot study.
abstract: Point prevalence surveys (PPSs) in Japanese hospitals have not yet been reported. The purpose of this pilot PPS study was to evaluate the epidemiology of health care-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial use in a Japanese tertiary university hospital.
  
  
  
  A 1-day, cross-sectional PPS was performed at a Japanese university hospital. Data on demographics, active HAIs, and antimicrobial use of all inpatients were collected using a data collection form.
  
  
  
  Of 841 patients, 85 (10.1%) had 90 active HAIs, and 308 patients (36.6%) were administered 494 antimicrobials. Among the 90 HAIs and 58 pathogens, the most frequent infection and isolated pathogen were pneumonia (20.0%) and Enterobacteriaceae (27.6%), respectively. Of the 118 antimicrobials used for treatment of HAIs, carbapenems were the most frequently administered category of antimicrobials (22.9%). In regard to antimicrobials for surgical prophylaxis, 37 of 119 (31.1%) were administered to patients on postoperative day 3 or later, and 48 of 119 (40.3%) were administered orally.
  
  
  
  The incidence of HAIs is higher than in other developed countries. The social and medical situation in Japan may affect patient demographics, active HAIs, and antimicrobial use. Multicenter PPSs are necessary to uncover the real epidemiology of HAIs and antimicrobial use in Japan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morioka
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirabayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsutaka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Daizo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Naokazu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hyodo
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sadomoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inagaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kouyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. Electronic address: tyagi@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yagi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004363:Drug Utilization; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Point prevalence survey; antimicrobial use; health care–associated infection; hospital epidemiology