title: [True color accuracy in digital forensic photography].
abstract: Forensic photographs not only need to be unaltered and authentic and capture context-relevant images, along with certain minimum requirements for image sharpness and information density, but color accuracy also plays an important role, for instance, in the assessment of injuries or taphonomic stages, or in the identification and evaluation of traces from photos. The perception of color not only varies subjectively from person to person, but as a discrete property of an image, color in digital photos is also to a considerable extent influenced by technical factors such as lighting, acquisition settings, camera, and output medium (print, monitor). For these reasons, consistent color accuracy has so far been limited in digital photography. Because images usually contain a wealth of color information, especially for complex or composite colors or shades of color, and the wavelength-dependent sensitivity to factors such as light and shadow may vary between cameras, the usefulness of issuing general recommendations for camera capture settings is limited. Our results indicate that true image colors can best and most realistically be captured with the SpyderCheckr technical calibration tool for digital cameras tested in this study. Apart from aspects such as the simplicity and quickness of the calibration procedure, a further advantage of the tool is that the results are independent of the camera used and can also be used for the color management of output devices such as monitors and printers. The SpyderCheckr color-code patches allow true colors to be captured more realistically than with a manual white balance tool or an automatic flash. We therefore recommend that the use of a color management tool should be considered for the acquisition of all images that demand high true color accuracy (in particular in the setting of injury documentation).
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ramsthaler
authors.forename: Christoph G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Birngruber
authors.forename: Ann-Katrin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Kröll
authors.forename: Mattias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kettner
authors.forename: Marcel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Verhoff
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration / Q000592:standards; D003116:Color / Q000592:standards; D003201:Computers / Q000592:standards; D004867:Equipment Design; D049429:Forensic Pathology / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D010781:Photography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*