title: Individual classification of elementary school children's physical activity: A time-efficient, group-based approach to reference measurements.
abstract: The objective measurement of physical activity using accelerometers is becoming increasingly popular. There is little consensus, however, about how to analyze acceleration data. One promising approach is the use of reference measurements in which the subjects conduct specific activities. This makes it possible to identify data patterns that indicate these activities for each subject. The drawback of this approach is its rather high cost, in terms of both time and money. We propose a new approach in which a group of children conduct the reference measurements at the same time. We trained support vector machine models on the accelerometer data of 70 children (ages 8-11 years) to predict their activities during those reference measurements. We correctly classified activities with an accuracy of 96.9 % when fitting the individual models for each subject, and 87.5 % when fitting general models for all subjects. The obtained accuracies were comparable to results reported in previous reference measurement studies, in which each subject was measured individually. They were higher than the accuracies obtained by the traditional approach, which transfers accelerometer data to counts and classifies those on the basis of predefined cut points. We concluded that our approach can yield a valuable contribution, particularly to studies with larger samples.
authors.affiliation: Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk (IDeA) Research Center, Frankfurt, Germany. jan.kuehnhausen@uni-tuebingen.de.|German Institute for International Educational Research (DIPF), Frankfurt, Germany. jan.kuehnhausen@uni-tuebingen.de.|Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. jan.kuehnhausen@uni-tuebingen.de.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kühnhausen
authors.affiliation: Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk (IDeA) Research Center, Frankfurt, Germany.|German Institute for International Educational Research (DIPF), Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dirk
authors.affiliation: Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk (IDeA) Research Center, Frankfurt, Germany.|German Institute for International Educational Research (DIPF), Frankfurt, Germany.|Department of Psychology and Sport Sciences, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schmiedek
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry / Q000592:standards*; D002648:Child; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012015:Reference Standards; D012574:Schools; D060388:Support Vector Machine
keywords: Accelerometry; Children; Group-based; Physical activity; Raw data; Reference measurements; Support vector machines