title: Persistence of aroma volatiles in the oral and nasal cavities: real-time monitoring of decay rate in air exhaled through the nose and mouth.
abstract: The persistence of aroma compounds in breath after swallowing is an important attribute of the overall aroma experience during eating and drinking. It is mainly related to the coating of the oral tract with food residues and the interaction between volatile compounds and airway mucosa. We have studied the persistence of eight compounds (2,5-dimethylpyrazine, guaiacol, 4-methylguaiacol, phenylethylalcohol, ethylbutanoate, ethyloctanoate, isoamylacetate and 2-heptanone) both in-nose and in-mouth after administration of volatiles in gas phase (vapor) to five different panelists. By using volatiles in the gas phase, only the interaction with the mucosa is highlighted and the formation of a liquid coating in the oral and tracheal airway is avoided. The physicochemical properties of the compounds, mainly polarity and vapor pressure, determine the interactions of the volatiles with the airway mucosa. The use of different breathing protocols allowed the study of the differences between nasal and oral mucosa in volatile retention, with higher persistence of volatiles obtained in-mouth. Initial concentration also affected persistence, but only for compounds with high volatility and at low concentration.
authors.affiliation: Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland. Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, D-18059 Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sánchez-López
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ziere
authors.forename: Sara I F S
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: Chahan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yeretzian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001944:Breath Tests / Q000379:methods*; D003199:Computer Systems; D045853:Exhalation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000737:chemistry*; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000737:chemistry*; D009666:Nose; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds