title: Risperidone long-acting injectable in the treatment of treatment-resistant schizophrenia with dopamine supersensitivity psychosis: Results of a 2-year prospective study, including an additional 1-year follow-up.
abstract: Dopamine supersensitivity psychosis (DSP) resulting from antipsychotic treatment is related to treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), and its treatment has not been established to date. Maintaining thoroughly stable occupancy of the dopamine D2 receptor by risperidone long-acting injectable (RLAI) is one strategy for treatment. In this study, RLAI was given as an adjunctive medication to oral antipsychotic(s), which were switched partially and gradually to RLAI in 108 treatment-resistant patients for an additional 1-year follow-up in a 2-year study, and to compare the effects in 72 patients with a DSP history (DSP group) and 36 patients without this history (NonDSP group). Although both groups showed significant improvements in the total Brief Psychotic Rating Scale (BPRS) score during the follow-up period, greater improvement was observed for the DSP group than the NonDSP group. High doses (> 850 mg chlorpromazine-dose combined of oral antipsychotics and RLAI) did not significantly change in both groups throughout the study period; however, extrapyramidal symptoms, including tardive dyskinesia, were significantly improved only in the patients with DSP. This study strongly suggested that the RLAI treatment, even with only partial switching, provides relief from refractory symptoms, particularly for patients with a history of DSP.
  
  
  
  http://www.umin.ac.jp/:UMIN000008487.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Center of Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan kanahara@faculty.chiba-u.jp.
authors.forename: Nobuhisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kanahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan Department of Psychiatry, Dowa-kai Chiba Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Dowa-kai Chiba Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Satsuki-kai Sodegaura-Satsukidai Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishige
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Gakuji-kai Kimura Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muneoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Doujin-kai Kisaradzu Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ino
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Doujin-kai Kisaradzu Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan Department of Psychiatry, Chiba Psychiatric Medical Center, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan Department of Psychiatry, Koutoku-kai Sato Hospital, Yamagata, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomotaka
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan Department of Psychiatry, Choshi-Kokoro Clinic, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Center of Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan Department of Psychiatry, Asahi Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaomi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iyo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D002746:Chlorpromazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011605:Psychoses, Substance-Induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000378:metabolism; D018967:Risperidone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D018967:Risperidone; D002746:Chlorpromazine; D004298:Dopamine
keywords: Antipsychotic drugs; dopamine; dopamine D2 receptor; dopamine sensitivity; occupancy rate; psychosis; schizophrenia; tardive dyskinesia; tolerance; treatment resistance