title: Prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors in contaminated areas of the Santos-São Vicente Estuarine region and Bertioga, Brazil: 2006-2009.
abstract: In Brazil, cardiovascular diseases account for 33% of deaths and the prevalence of hypertension is of approximately 22%. The Santos and São Vicente Estuarine System is the most important example of environmental degradation by chemicals from industrial sources. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors in the population of this estuary in the period 2006-2009. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the aforementioned prevalence of hypertension in the evaluated areas, as well as risk factors for this disease in four contaminated areas located in the Estuary, and one area outside Estuary, the city of Bertioga. Associations between categorical variables were tested using Pearson's chi-square test incorporating Yates' correction, or Fisher's exact test. Single and multiple logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the risk factors for hypertension. The highest prevalence of hypertension was found in Continental São Vicente (28.4%). The risk factors for hypertension were the following: living in Center of Cubatão (OR: 1.3; IC95%: 1.0 - 1.6) and Continental São Vicente (OR: 1.4; IC95%: 1.1 - 1.8); illiterate (OR: 1.9; IC95%: 1.1 - 3.2); living in the area for more than 20 years (OR: 1.2; IC95%: 1.0 - 1.5); group of people aged 36-60 years (OR: 3.9; IC95%: 3.3 - 4.6) and who have had past occupational exposure (OR: 1.3; IC95%: 1.1 - 1.6). Results indicate that living in contaminated areas, especially for a longer time, is a risk factor for hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Faculty of Medical Sciences, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 10 floor, room 1304, Cerqueira Cézar, São Paulo, SP, Cep 01246-903, Brazil. tatysr81@gmail.com.|Environmental Exposure and Risk Assessment Group, Collective Health Post-graduation Program, Catholic University of Santos, Av Conselheiro Nébias, 300. Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, Cep. 11015-002, Brazil. tatysr81@gmail.com.
authors.forename: T S
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4896-4194
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Faculty of Medical Sciences, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 10 floor, room 1304, Cerqueira Cézar, São Paulo, SP, Cep 01246-903, Brazil.
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Faculty of Medical Sciences, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 10 floor, room 1304, Cerqueira Cézar, São Paulo, SP, Cep 01246-903, Brazil.|Environmental Exposure and Risk Assessment Group, Collective Health Post-graduation Program, Catholic University of Santos, Av Conselheiro Nébias, 300. Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, Cep. 11015-002, Brazil.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.affiliation: Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Faculty of Medical Sciences, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 10 floor, room 1304, Cerqueira Cézar, São Paulo, SP, Cep 01246-903, Brazil.
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Campina
authors.affiliation: Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Faculty of Medical Sciences, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 10 floor, room 1304, Cerqueira Cézar, São Paulo, SP, Cep 01246-903, Brazil.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Lobarinhas
authors.affiliation: Environmental Exposure and Risk Assessment Group, Collective Health Post-graduation Program, Catholic University of Santos, Av Conselheiro Nébias, 300. Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, Cep. 11015-002, Brazil.
authors.forename: A L J
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Environmental Exposure and Risk Assessment Group, Collective Health Post-graduation Program, Catholic University of Santos, Av Conselheiro Nébias, 300. Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, Cep. 11015-002, Brazil.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.affiliation: Environmental Exposure and Risk Assessment Group, Collective Health Post-graduation Program, Catholic University of Santos, Av Conselheiro Nébias, 300. Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, Cep. 11015-002, Brazil.
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Environmental Exposure and Risk Assessment Group, Collective Health Post-graduation Program, Catholic University of Santos, Av Conselheiro Nébias, 300. Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, Cep. 11015-002, Brazil.
authors.forename: V L F
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Faculty of Medical Sciences, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 10 floor, room 1304, Cerqueira Cézar, São Paulo, SP, Cep 01246-903, Brazil.|Environmental Exposure and Risk Assessment Group, Collective Health Post-graduation Program, Catholic University of Santos, Av Conselheiro Nébias, 300. Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, Cep. 11015-002, Brazil.
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Environmental Exposure and Risk Assessment Group, Collective Health Post-graduation Program, Catholic University of Santos, Av Conselheiro Nébias, 300. Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, Cep. 11015-002, Brazil.|Contemporary Cultural Studies Centre (CEDEC), R. Airosa Galvão, 64. Água Branca, São Paulo, SP, Cep. 05002-070, Brazil.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Faculty of Medical Sciences, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 10 floor, room 1304, Cerqueira Cézar, São Paulo, SP, Cep 01246-903, Brazil.|Environmental Exposure and Risk Assessment Group, Collective Health Post-graduation Program, Catholic University of Santos, Av Conselheiro Nébias, 300. Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, Cep. 11015-002, Brazil.|Contemporary Cultural Studies Centre (CEDEC), R. Airosa Galvão, 64. Água Branca, São Paulo, SP, Cep. 05002-070, Brazil.
authors.forename: L A A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Faculty of Medical Sciences, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 10 floor, room 1304, Cerqueira Cézar, São Paulo, SP, Cep 01246-903, Brazil.|Environmental Exposure and Risk Assessment Group, Collective Health Post-graduation Program, Catholic University of Santos, Av Conselheiro Nébias, 300. Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, Cep. 11015-002, Brazil.|Contemporary Cultural Studies Centre (CEDEC), R. Airosa Galvão, 64. Água Branca, São Paulo, SP, Cep. 05002-070, Brazil.
authors.forename: A L F
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Braga
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D002947:Cities; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D063366:Estuaries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Cardiovascular diseases; Cross-Sectional studies; Hypertension; Occupational exposure; Risk factor, environmental pollution