title: In vitro reactivity ("organ chamber") of guinea pig tracheal rings-methodology considerations.
abstract: The present text was motivated by the difficulties faced by our postgraduate students when using airways studies protocols and will take into consideration the three mechanisms of relaxation: (I) guanosine 3,5-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP)/NO-dependent; (II) adenosine 3,5-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)/PGI2-dependent, and (III) hyperpolarization-dependent. Tracheal rings are studied in an organ bath containing a gassed physiological salt solution, usually at a temperature of 37 °C. An agent or procedure that causes contraction [acetylcholine (Ach) or metacholine] of the smooth muscle is needed before study airway dilator drugs. The presented airways studies protocols are useful to study the bronchial epithelial-dependent reactivity.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14048-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil ; 2 Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Campus of Jaboticabal, Brazil.
authors.forename: Agnes Afrodite Sumarelli
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14048-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil ; 2 Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Campus of Jaboticabal, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco Túlio Menezes
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14048-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil ; 2 Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Campus of Jaboticabal, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patricia Martinez
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Evora
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14048-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil ; 2 Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Campus of Jaboticabal, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tales Rubens
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: de Nadai
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14048-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil ; 2 Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Campus of Jaboticabal, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andrea Carla
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Celotto
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14048-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil ; 2 Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Campus of Jaboticabal, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Roberto Barbosa
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Evora
keywords: Trachea; airway epithelium; guinea pig; organ-chambers; tracheal in vitro reactivity