title: Rotavirus infections in Detroit, USA, a region of low vaccine prevalence.
abstract: After a sharp drop of rotavirus (RV) infections at Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, USA in 2010 season, we noted an increase in the number of cases during the 2011 season including some RV vaccine (RVV) recipients. This study was conducted to determine the circulating genotypes during 2011 season and whether the increase in RV diarrhea was caused by replacement genotypes. G and P genotypes were determined by RT PCR and nucleotide sequencing of selected strains was performed. The vaccination rate among study patients was 24 %. RV strains from 68 stool samples were genotyped including 18 from vaccinated children and 50 from unvaccinated children. The predominant G genotype was G1 (58.8 %) followed by G9 (17.7 %) and G4 (15.5 %). P[8] was the predominant P genotype (68 %) followed by P[6] (17.6 %) and P[4] (3 %). All G9 strains were associated with P[6]. The most prevalent G-P combination was G1P[8] (56 %), followed by G9P[6] (17.6 %). Similar proportions of RV genotypes were found among vaccinated and unvaccinated children. Our local data suggest that 5 years after the introduction of RVV there has been no genotype replacement. Although a small increase in G9P[6] frequency was noted, G1P[8] remained the predominant strain of RV in our inner city community in the Midwestern USA.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Blvd, Detroit, MI 48201 USA ; Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA.
authors.forename: Nahed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abdel-Haq
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV USA.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amjad
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Blvd, Detroit, MI 48201 USA ; Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McGrath
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA ; Detroit Medical Center University Laboratories, Detroit, MI USA.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Salimnia
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA ; Detroit Medical Center University Laboratories, Detroit, MI USA.
authors.forename: Marilynn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fairfax
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Blvd, Detroit, MI 48201 USA ; Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA.
authors.forename: Basim I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Asmar
keywords: Children; Rotavirus genotype; Vaccination