title: Effects and Mechanisms of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound for Chronic Prostatitis and Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome.
abstract: Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CP/CPPS) is one of the most common urologic diseases, and no curative treatments have been identified. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been successfully used in promoting tissue healing, inhibiting inflammation and pain, differentiating stem cells, and stimulating nerve regeneration/muscle regeneration, as well as enhancing angiogenesis. Very recently, LIPUS has been proven an effective approach for CP/CPPS. This review summarizes the possible mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic effect of LIPUS for CP/CPPS. To search publications relevant to the topics of this review, the search engine for life sciences of Entrez was used. We reviewed the available evidence from 1954 through 2015 concerning LIPUS for CP/CPPS. According to the literature, both transrectal and transperineal approaches of LIPUS are effective for CP/CPPS.
authors.affiliation: Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. glin@urology.ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Guiting
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. amanda.reed-maldonado@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Amanda B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Reed-Maldonado
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and the Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100009, China. maofanlin8473@163.com.
authors.forename: Maofan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and the Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100009, China. xinzc@bjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhongcheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. tlue@urology.ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Tom F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Lue
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000528:radiation effects; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000528:radiation effects; D013696:Temperature; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
keywords: chronic pelvic pain syndrome; chronic prostatitis; low-intensity pulsed ultrasound; mechanism; therapeutic effect