title: A Framework to Account for Sedimentation and Diffusion in Particle-Cell Interactions.
abstract: In vitro experiments provide a solid basis for understanding the interactions between particles and biological systems. An important confounding variable for these studies is the difference between the amount of particles administered and that which reaches the surface of cells. Here, we engineer a hydrogel-based nanoparticle system and combine in situ characterization techniques, 3D-printed cell cultures, and computational modeling to evaluate and study particle-cell interactions of advanced particle systems. The framework presented demonstrates how sedimentation and diffusion can explain differences in particle-cell association, and provides a means to account for these effects. Finally, using in silico modeling, we predict the proportion of particles that reaches the cell surface using common experimental conditions for a wide range of inorganic and organic micro- and nanoparticles. This work can assist in the understanding and control of sedimentation and diffusion when investigating cellular interactions of engineered particles.
authors.affiliation: ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Jiwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.|ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Systems Biology Laboratory, Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faria
authors.affiliation: ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Mattias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Björnmalm
authors.affiliation: ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.affiliation: ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Tomoya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suma
authors.affiliation: ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Sylvia T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Gunawan
authors.affiliation: ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.affiliation: Electron Microscopy for Materials Research (EMAT), University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Hamed
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heidari
authors.affiliation: Electron Microscopy for Materials Research (EMAT), University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bals
authors.affiliation: ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Systems Biology Laboratory, Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Edmund J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Crampin
authors.affiliation: ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Caruso
mesh_terms: D002450:Cell Communication; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004058:Diffusion; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D015233:Models, Statistical; D053758:Nanoparticles; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D010316:Particle Size; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D020100:Hydrogels; D012822:Silicon Dioxide