title: Protection of pulmonary graft from thrombosis in donation after cardiac death: effect of warm ischaemia versus cold ischaemia.
abstract: The use of donation after cardiac death (DCD) to overcome organ shortage is slowly moving into the clinic. In this study, we compare the protective effect of warm ischaemia versus cold ischaemia on thrombotic formation in non-heparinized pulmonary grafts.
  
  
  
  Twelve Landrace pigs were randomized into two groups: warm ischaemia and cold ischaemia. Ventricular fibrillation without the administration of heparin was induced to mimick an uncontrolled DCD situation. The animals were then exposed to either 1 h of cold ischaemia (insertion of drain and installation of cold fluid in the pleuras) or warm ischaemia (body temperature). After 1 h, the pulmonary artery was opened and the pulmonary arterial branches were then macroscopically studied for thrombotic material.
  
  
  
  After 60 min, the temperature was 36.6 ± 0.0°C in the warm ischaemic group and 14.6 ± 0.1°C in the cold ischaemic group (P < 0.001). In the warm ischaemic group, no thrombotic material could be found in the pulmonary artery in the animals examined and in the cold ischaemic group 6.8 ± 0.2 ml thrombotic material was found in the pulmonary artery (P < 0.001). In the warm ischaemic group, no thrombotic material could be found in the arterial branches of the pulmonary artery and in the cold ischaemic group 2.3 ± 0.1 ml thrombotic material was found in the arterial branches of the pulmonary artery (P < 0.001).
  
  
  
  Warm ischaemia rather than cold ischaemia seems to protect the pulmonary graft from thrombosis in uncontrolled non-heparinized DCD pigs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pierre
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lindstedt
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden richard.ingemansson@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ingemansson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050377:Cold Ischemia; D003643:Death; D006493:Heparin; D016040:Lung Transplantation; D009926:Organ Preservation; D011651:Pulmonary Artery; D011897:Random Allocation; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013552:Swine; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D052096:Warm Ischemia
chemical_list: D006493:Heparin
keywords: Donation after cardiac death; Experimental; Lung transplantation; Thrombosis; Warm ischaemia