title: Conjugating Prussian blue nanoparticles onto antigen-specific T cells as a combined nanoimmunotherapy.
abstract: To engineer a novel nanoimmunotherapy comprising Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) conjugated to antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), which leverages PBNPs for their photothermal therapy (PTT) capabilities and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigen-specific CTL for their ability to traffic to and destroy EBV antigen-expressing target cells.
  
  
  
  PBNPs and CTL were independently biofunctionalized. Subsequently, PBNPs were conjugated onto CTL using avidin-biotin interactions. The resultant cell-nanoparticle construct (CTL:PBNPs) were analyzed for their physical, phenotypic and functional properties.
  
  
  
  Both PBNPs and CTL maintained their intrinsic physical, phenotypic and functional properties within the CTL:PBNPs.
  
  
  
  This study highlights the potential of our CTL:PBNPs nanoimmunotherapy as a novel therapeutic for treating virus-associated malignancies such as EBV+ cancers.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.|The Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.|Center for Emerging Technologies in Immune Cell Therapy, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Burga
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.|Center for Emerging Technologies in Immune Cell Therapy, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Shabnum
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.|Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.|Center for Cancer & Immunology Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.|Center for Emerging Technologies in Immune Cell Therapy, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bollard
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.|Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.|Center for Cancer & Immunology Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.|Center for Emerging Technologies in Immune Cell Therapy, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Conrad Russell
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Y Cruz
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.|Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.|Department of Radiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.|The Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Rohan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fernandes
mesh_terms: D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D005295:Ferrocyanides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D050997:Nanomedicine; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology*; D010789:Phototherapy; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D005295:Ferrocyanides; C000170:ferric ferrocyanide
keywords: Prussian blue nanoparticles; antigen-specific T cells; cell nanoparticle construct; cytotoxic T lymphocyte; immunotherapy; nanoimmunotherapy; photothermal therapy