title: Relationships between trunk performance, gait and postural control in persons with multiple sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive disease of the central nervous system. Compared to healthy individuals, persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) have increased postural sway in quiet stance, decreased gait speed and increased fall incidence. Trunk performance has been implicated in postural control, gait dysfunction, and fall prevention in older adults. However, the relationship of trunk performance to postural control and gait has not been adequately studied in PwMS.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare trunk muscle structure and performance in PwMS to healthy age and gendered-matched controls (HC); to determine the effects of isometric trunk endurance testing on postural control in both populations; and to determine the relationship of trunk performance with postural control, gait and step activity in PwMS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen PwMS and HC completed ultrasound imaging of trunk muscles, 10 m walk test, isometric trunk endurance tests, and postural sway test. Participants wore a step activity monitor for 7 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PwMS had worse isometric trunk endurance compared to HC. PwMS trunk flexion endurance negatively correlated to several postural control measures and positively correlated to gait speed and step activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinicians should consider evaluation and interventions directed at impaired trunk endurance in PwMS.
authors.forename: Jane E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Freund
authors.forename: Deborah M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Stetts
authors.forename: Srikant
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vallabhajosula
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D060726:Torso / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Multiple sclerosis; gait speed; postural control; trunk endurance