title: Effects on the osseointegration of titanium implants incorporating calcium-magnesium: a resonance frequency and histomorphometric analysis in rabbit tibia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed the bone formation around titanium surface incorporating the calcium-magnesium (CaMg) deposited by blasted in rabbit tibia bone to determine whether this surface would further enhance bone healing compared with commercially available implant surface.
  
  
  METHODS
  The deposition of CaMg on the titanium SLA surface were obtained by blasting formed the experimental group (EX group), while implants with traditional SLA surface were used as control group (CO group), in this study. Fifty cylindrical threaded implants with a length of 8 mm were used (P = 25 per group). Five implants of each group were used to surface characterization by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, and optical profilometry. Ten New Zealand white rabbits received 40 implants (n = 20 per group). Resonance frequency analysis was performed three times (0, 4, and 6 weeks). Histomorphometric analysis was performed 4 and 6 weeks after implantation. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blasted CaMg deposition on SLA implant surface displayed almost identical surface morphologies and R(a) values at the micron scale. In comparing the implant stability quotient at the three time points, highly significant statistic differences were found (P < 0.001). Histomorphological analysis showed higher degrees of bone organization in the samples of test implant surfaces at both implantation times.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of this study, the results indicate that the deposition of CaMg on the SLA titanium surface may be effective in enhancing the osseointegration of moderately rough grit-blasted implants by increasing the degree of bone-implant contact.
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, Biotecnos Research Center, Santa Maria, Brazil.|Department of Research, International Dentistry Research Cathedra, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Sergio Alexandre
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Gehrke
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, International Dentistry Research Cathedra, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: José Eduardo
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Maté Sánchez de Val
authors.affiliation: Implant Dentistry Department, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernández Domínguez
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University, Elche (Alicante), Spain.
authors.forename: Piedad Nieves
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: de Aza Moya
authors.affiliation: Pharmacological Interactions Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gómez Moreno
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, International Dentistry Research Cathedra, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Calvo Guirado
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D008274:Magnesium; D016348:Osseointegration; D011817:Rabbits; D000074269:Resonance Frequency Analysis; D013977:Tibia / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D014025:Titanium; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium
keywords: bone-implant contact; calcium-magnesium deposition; dental implant; implant stability; implant surface; osseointegration