title: The impact of insecticides management linked with resistance expression in Anopheles spp. populations.
abstract: The resistance of some species of Anopheles to chemical insecticides is spreading quickly throughout the world and has hindered the actions of prevention and control of malaria. The main mechanism responsible for resistance in these insects appears to be the target site known as knock-down resistance (kdr), which causes mutations in the sodium channel. Even so, many countries have made significant progress in the prevention of malaria, focusing largely on vector control through long-lasting insecticide nets (LLINs), indoor residual spraying and (IRS) of insecticides. The objective of this review is to contribute with information on the more applied insecticides for the control of the main vectors of malaria, its effects, and the different mechanisms of resistance. Currently it is necessary to look for others alternatives, e.g. biological control and products derived from plants and fungi, by using other organisms as a possible regulator of the populations of malaria vectors in critical outbreaks.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. R. Sarmento Leite 500, Centro Histórico. 90050-170 Porto Alegre RS Brasil. onilda.silva@ufrgs.br.
authors.forename: Guilherme Liberato da
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. R. Sarmento Leite 500, Centro Histórico. 90050-170 Porto Alegre RS Brasil. onilda.silva@ufrgs.br.
authors.forename: Thiago Nunes
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Acarologia, Museu de Ciências Naturais, Centro Universitário UNIVATES. Lajeado RS Brasil.
authors.forename: Noeli Juarez
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Ferla
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. R. Sarmento Leite 500, Centro Histórico. 90050-170 Porto Alegre RS Brasil. onilda.silva@ufrgs.br.
authors.forename: Onilda Santos da
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides