title: Effects of Transgenic Bt Rice on Nontarget Rhopalosiphum maidis (Homoptera: Aphididae).
abstract: The effects of three transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) rice lines, KMD1, KMD2, and G8-7, on biological parameters and population dynamics of nontarget insect, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) (Homoptera: Aphididae), were investigated in the laboratory and field. No significant differences were found between Bt and non-Bt rice lines for aphid survival. The developmental time of R. maidis that fed on KMD1 and KMD2 did not differ significantly from those of the individuals feeding on the parental variety Xiushui11, but significantly prolonged developmental time was observed on G8-7 as compared with its parental variety Xiushui110. Aphid fecundity was significantly higher on Bt than on parental rice. A 2-yr field survey indicated that Bt rice did not significantly affect the population dynamics of R. maidis in comparison with non-Bt rice. Additionally, guttation droplets of Bt rice and aphids feeding on Bt rice were analyzed for presence of Cry1Ab using ELISA. No Cry1Ab protein was found in aphid adults feeding on Bt rice lines both in the laboratory and field. By using the guttation droplets from the top of rice seedlings, we designed a novel method to collect phloem sap, and found that relatively low concentrations were detected in the guttation droplets from Bt rice lines. In conclusion, although the Bt rice lines tested in this study stimulate the fecundity of R. maidis, the aphid population density did not increase in Bt rice fields.
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, China (renshaopeng0522@163.com; 397532231@qq.com; 10716079@zju.edu.cn; pdqpudeqiang@163.com; shimin0623@zju.edu.cn; chu@zju.edu.cn; zcshen@zju.edu.cn; xxchen@zju.edu.cn), and.
authors.forename: Shao-Peng
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, China (renshaopeng0522@163.com; 397532231@qq.com; 10716079@zju.edu.cn; pdqpudeqiang@163.com; shimin0623@zju.edu.cn; chu@zju.edu.cn; zcshen@zju.edu.cn; xxchen@zju.edu.cn), and.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, China (renshaopeng0522@163.com; 397532231@qq.com; 10716079@zju.edu.cn; pdqpudeqiang@163.com; shimin0623@zju.edu.cn; chu@zju.edu.cn; zcshen@zju.edu.cn; xxchen@zju.edu.cn), and.
authors.forename: Ming-Qing
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, China (renshaopeng0522@163.com; 397532231@qq.com; 10716079@zju.edu.cn; pdqpudeqiang@163.com; shimin0623@zju.edu.cn; chu@zju.edu.cn; zcshen@zju.edu.cn; xxchen@zju.edu.cn), and.
authors.forename: De-Qiang
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Pu
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, China (renshaopeng0522@163.com; 397532231@qq.com; 10716079@zju.edu.cn; pdqpudeqiang@163.com; shimin0623@zju.edu.cn; chu@zju.edu.cn; zcshen@zju.edu.cn; xxchen@zju.edu.cn), and.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, China (renshaopeng0522@163.com; 397532231@qq.com; 10716079@zju.edu.cn; pdqpudeqiang@163.com; shimin0623@zju.edu.cn; chu@zju.edu.cn; zcshen@zju.edu.cn; xxchen@zju.edu.cn), and.
authors.forename: Gong-Yin
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, China (renshaopeng0522@163.com; 397532231@qq.com; 10716079@zju.edu.cn; pdqpudeqiang@163.com; shimin0623@zju.edu.cn; chu@zju.edu.cn; zcshen@zju.edu.cn; xxchen@zju.edu.cn), and.
authors.forename: Zhi-Cheng
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, China (renshaopeng0522@163.com; 397532231@qq.com; 10716079@zju.edu.cn; pdqpudeqiang@163.com; shimin0623@zju.edu.cn; chu@zju.edu.cn; zcshen@zju.edu.cn; xxchen@zju.edu.cn), and xxchen@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xue-Xin
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001042:Aphids / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005298:Fertility / Q000187:drug effects; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008136:Longevity / Q000187:drug effects; D009758:Nymph / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011157:Population Dynamics
chemical_list: D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis
keywords: Cry1Ab; Rhopalosiphum maidis; phloem sap; risk assessment; transgenic Bt rice