title: Malagasy Genetic Ancestry Comes from an Historical Malay Trading Post in Southeast Borneo.
abstract: Malagasy genetic diversity results from an exceptional protoglobalization process that took place over a thousand years ago across the Indian Ocean. Previous efforts to locate the Asian origin of Malagasy highlighted Borneo broadly as a potential source, but so far no firm source populations were identified. Here, we have generated genome-wide data from two Southeast Borneo populations, the Banjar and the Ngaju, together with published data from populations across the Indian Ocean region. We find strong support for an origin of the Asian ancestry of Malagasy among the Banjar. This group emerged from the long-standing presence of a Malay Empire trading post in Southeast Borneo, which favored admixture between the Malay and an autochthonous Borneo group, the Ma'anyan. Reconciling genetic, historical, and linguistic data, we show that the Banjar, in Malay-led voyages, were the most probable Asian source among the analyzed groups in the founding of the Malagasy gene pool.
authors.affiliation: Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Toulouse III, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brucato
authors.affiliation: Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Toulouse III, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France Genome Diversity and Diseases Laboratory, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Pradiptajati
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kusuma
authors.affiliation: Statistics and Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Murray P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.affiliation: Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Toulouse III, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pierron
authors.affiliation: Genome Diversity and Diseases Laboratory, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Gludhug A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Purnomo
authors.affiliation: Asia Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adelaar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia.
authors.forename: Toomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kivisild
authors.affiliation: Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Toulouse III, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Letellier
authors.affiliation: Genome Diversity and Diseases Laboratory, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Herawati
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sudoyo
authors.affiliation: Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Toulouse III, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France francois-xavier.ricaut@univ-tlse3.fr.
authors.forename: François-Xavier
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Ricaut
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D005075:Biological Evolution; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics*; D001893:Borneo; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005788:Gene Pool; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population / Q000379:methods; D015894:Genome, Human; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008270:Madagascar; D008296:Malaysia; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial
keywords: Austronesian; Banjar; Borneo; Madagascar; genome-wide.