title: Zinc-modified titanium surface enhances osteoblast differentiation of dental pulp stem cells in vitro.
abstract: Zinc is an essential trace element that plays an important role in differentiation of osteoblasts and bone modeling. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the osteoblast differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on zinc-modified titanium (Zn-Ti) that releases zinc ions from its surface. Based on real-time PCR, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and Western blot analysis data, we investigated osteoblast differentiation of DPSCs cultured on Zn-Ti and controls. DPSCs cultured on Zn-Ti exhibited significantly up-regulated gene expression levels of osteoblast-related genes of type I collagen (Col I), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), ALP, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteopontin (OPN), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF A), as compared with controls. We also investigated extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization by Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining and found that Zn-Ti significantly promoted ECM mineralization when compared with controls. These findings suggest that the combination of Zn-Ti and DPSCs provides a novel approach for bone regeneration therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial-Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yusa
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-System Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.affiliation: Division of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial-Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuyoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iino
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D015854:Up-Regulation; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014025:Titanium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D015032:Zinc