title: Neural Control of Posture in Individuals with Persisting Postconcussion Symptoms.
abstract: Postural instability has been shown to characterize individuals who suffered from long-term symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury. However, recordings of neural processes during postural control are difficult to realize with standard neuroimaging techniques. Thus, we used functional nearinfrared spectroscopy to investigate brain oxygenation of individuals with persistent postconcussion symptoms (pPCS) during postural control in altered environments.
  
  
  
  We compared brain oxygenation and postural sway during balance control in three groups: individuals suffering from pPCS, individuals with a history of mild traumatic brain injury but without pPCS, and healthy controls. Individuals were investigated during postural control tasks with six different conditions: i) eyes opened, ii) eyes closed, and iii) blurred visual input, each while standing a) on a stable and b) an unstable surface.
  
  
  
  In all groups, during the eyes closed/unstable surface condition as compared with the other conditions, the postural sway increased as well as the brain oxygenation in frontal brain cortices. In the most difficult balance condition, as compared with the other two groups, subjects with pPCS applied more force over time to keep balance as measured by the force plate system with a significantly greater activation in frontopolar/orbitofrontal areas of the right hemisphere.
  
  
  
  As subjects with pPCS applied more force over time to control balance, we propose that with regard to cognitive processes, the increase of cerebral activation in these individuals indicates an increase of attention-demanding processes during postural control in altered environments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Health Promotion and Clinical Movement Science, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, GERMANY.
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Helmich
authors.forename: Alisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Hedda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lausberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D038223:Post-Concussion Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult