title: Disease Risk Analysis and Post-Release Health Surveillance for a Reintroduction Programme: the Pool Frog Pelophylax lessonae.
abstract: There are risks from disease in undertaking wild animal reintroduction programmes. Methods of disease risk analysis have been advocated to assess and mitigate these risks, and post-release health and disease surveillance can be used to assess the effectiveness of the disease risk analysis, but results for a reintroduction programme have not to date been recorded. We carried out a disease risk analysis for the reintroduction of pool frogs (Pelophylax lessonae) to England, using information gained from the literature and from diagnostic testing of Swedish pool frogs and native amphibians. Ranavirus and Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis were considered high-risk disease threats for pool frogs at the destination site. Quarantine was used to manage risks from disease due to these two agents at the reintroduction site: the quarantine barrier surrounded the reintroduced pool frogs. Post-release health surveillance was carried out through regular health examinations of amphibians in the field at the reintroduction site and collection and examination of dead amphibians. No significant health or disease problems were detected, but the detection rate of dead amphibians was very low. Methods to detect a higher proportion of dead reintroduced animals and closely related species are required to better assess the effects of reintroduction on health and disease.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Sainsbury
authors.affiliation: Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yu-Mei
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ågren
authors.affiliation: Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Vaughan-Higgins
authors.affiliation: Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK.|Prion Interest Group, Brighton, UK.
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Mcgill
authors.affiliation: Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Molenaar
authors.affiliation: Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peniche
authors.affiliation: Amphibian and Reptile Conservation, Wareham, Dorset, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Foster
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D008411:Chytridiomycota; D004739:England; D009181:Mycoses / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D011898:Ranidae / Q000382:microbiology*
keywords: 
  Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
  ; amphibian; biosecurity; chytridiomycosis; disease risk management; quarantine; ranavirus; translocation