title: Polymorphism analysis of prion protein gene in 11 Pakistani goat breeds.
abstract: The association between caprine PrP gene polymorphisms and its susceptibility to scrapie has been investigated in current years. As the ORF of the PrP gene is extremely erratic in different breeds of goats, we studied the PrP gene polymorphisms in 80 goats which belong to 11 Pakistani indigenous goat breeds from all provinces of Pakistan. A total of 6 distinct polymorphic sites (one novel) with amino acid substitutions were identified in the PrP gene which includes 126 (A -> G), 304 (G -> T), 379 (A -> G), 414 (C -> T), 428 (A -> G) and 718 (C -> T). The locus c.428 was found highly polymorphic in all breeds as compare to other loci. On the basis of these PrP variants NJ phylogenetic tree was constructed through MEGA6.1 which showed that all goat breeds along with domestic sheep and Mauflon sheep appeared as in one clade and sharing its most recent common ancestors (MRCA) with deer species while Protein analysis has shown that these polymorphisms can lead to varied primary, secondary and tertiary structure of protein. Based on these polymorphic variants, genetic distance, multidimensional scaling plot and principal component analyses revealed the clear picture regarding greater number of substitutions in cattle PrP regions as compared to the small ruminant species. In particular these findings may pinpoint the fundamental control over the scrapie in Capra hircus on genetic basis.
authors.affiliation: a Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Mohammad Farooque
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: a Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Sher Hayat
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: b University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Lahore , Pakistan.
authors.forename: Masroor Ellahi
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Babar
authors.affiliation: a Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Lifeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: c College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Tariq
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: d National Animal Protozoa Laboratory & College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Jamal Muhammad
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: a Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Syed Zahid Ali
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: a Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Xiangmei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: b University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Lahore , Pakistan.|e Virtual University of Pakistan , Lahore , Pakistan.
authors.forename: Tanveer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: f Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fujian , China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: a Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Tariq
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: a Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Deming
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006041:Goats / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010154:Pakistan; D010802:Phylogeny; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D000072002:Prion Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012756:Sheep / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000072002:Prion Proteins
keywords: Goat; PrP; PrPC; PrPSc; Prion protein; TSEs; neurodegenerative; scrapie