title: Technical note: Use of a digital and an optical Brix refractometer to estimate total solids in milk replacer solutions for calves.
abstract: The Brix refractometer is used on dairy farms and calf ranches for colostrum quality (estimation of IgG concentration), estimation of serum IgG concentration in neonatal calves, and nonsalable milk evaluation of total solids for calf nutrition. Another potential use is to estimate the total solids concentrations of milk replacer mixes as an aid in monitoring feeding consistency. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of Brix refractometers to estimate total solids in milk replacer solutions and evaluate different replacer mixes for osmolality. Five different milk replacer powders (2 milk replacers with 28% crude protein and 25% fat and 3 with 22% crude protein and 20% fat) were mixed to achieve total solids concentrations from approximately 5.5 to 18%, for a total of 90 different solutions. Readings from both digital and optical Brix refractometers were compared with total solids. The 2 types of refractometers' readings correlated well with one another. The digital and optical Brix readings were highly correlated with the total solids percentage. A value of 1.08 to 1.47 would need to be added to the Brix reading to estimate the total solids in the milk replacer mixes with the optical and digital refractometers, respectively. Osmolality was correlated with total solids percentage of the mixes, but the relationship was different depending on the type of milk replacer. The Brix refractometer can be beneficial in estimating total solids concentration in milk replacer mixes to help monitor milk replacer feeding consistency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164.
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Floren
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164.
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Sischo
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Crudo
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164. Electronic address: damoore@vetmed.wsu.edu.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D003612:Dairying / Q000379:methods*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012031:Refractometry / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*
keywords: dairy calf; milk replacer; refractometer