title: The onset risk of carcinoma in patients continuing tacrolimus topical treatment for oral lichen planus: a case report.
abstract: Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease. Topical use of steroids and other immuno-modulating therapies have been tried for this intractable condition. Nowadays, tacrolimus ointment is used more commonly as a choice for treatment. However, a number of discussions have taken place after tacrolimus was reported to be carcinogenic. This report describes a patient who applied tacrolimus ointment to the lower lip after being diagnosed with oral lichen planus in 2008, and whose lesion developed squamous cell carcinoma in 2010. Since the relationship between tacrolimus and cancer development has been reported in only a few cases, including this case report, the clinician must be careful selecting tacrolimus as a second-line treatment for oral lichen planus.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.|Department of Oral Surgery, Shizuoka City Shimizu Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asoda
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsunoda
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soma
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Taneaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.affiliation: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nippon Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shirakawa
authors.affiliation: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nippon Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shoji
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral Diagnosis, Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology and Oral Pathology Diagnostic Services, Nippon Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yagishita
authors.affiliation: Samoncho Dermatological Clinic, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan. kawana@z6.keio.jp.
authors.forename: Hiromasa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawana
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D001706:Biopsy; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017676:Lichen Planus, Oral / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016559:Tacrolimus
keywords: Lip; Oral lichen planus; Squamous cell carcinoma; Tacrolimus