title: History of Research on Pharmacopuncture in Korea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study introduces the history and types of Korean pharmacopuncture and reports trends of research on Korean pharmacopuncture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pharmacopuncture studies were searched from the first year of each search engine to 2014 by using seven domestic and foreign search databases. Selected studies were divided into the history of pharmacopuncture, kinds and features of pharmacopuncture, research types, and experimental and clinic studies and were then classified by year of publication, type of pharmacopuncture, disease, and topic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pharmacopuncture can be classified into four large groups: meridian field pharmacopuncture (MFP), eight-principles pharmacopuncture (EPP), animal-based pharmacopuncture (ABP) and mountain- ginseng pharmacopuncture, which is a single-co mpound pharmacopuncture (SCP). The largest numbers of studies were reported from 1997 to 2006, after which the numbers decreased until 2014. Of experimental studies, 51.9%, 18.7%. 14.3%, 9% and 3.4% were on SCP, ABP, MFP, formula pharmacopuncture (FP), and EPP, respectively. Of clinical studies, 54.7%, 15.3%. 14.9% 10.0% and 1.5% were on ABP, MFP, EPP, SCP, and FP (1.5%), respectively. Among clinical studies, case reports and case series accounted for 76.5%, followed by randomized controlled trials (RCTs, 16.4%) and non-RCT (13.9%). Musculoskeletal diseases, toxicity and safety tests, anti-cancer effects, and nervous system diseases were mainly treated in experimental studies while musculoskeletal diseases, nervous system diseases, toxicity and safety tests, and autonomic nerve function tests were addressed in clinical studies. Bee venom (BV) was the most frequently-used pharmacopuncture in mechanism studies. Pharmacopuncture was mainly used to treat musculoskeletal diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pharmacopuncture and studies of it have made great progress in Korea. Studies on BV pharmacopuncture and musculoskeletal diseases accounted for most of the studies reported during the review period. Research on the types of pharmacopuncture and diseases has to be expanded. Especially, studies on the use of MFP and EPP for treating patients with various diseases are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon-Young
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, Wonkwang University Gwangju Korean Medicine Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Sungchul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Ho
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0668-9131
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Sun
keywords: acupuncture; aquapuncture; herbal acupuncture; herbal medicine; review