title: Evaluating the toxicity of bDtBPP on CHO-K1 cells for testing of single-use bioprocessing systems considering media selection, cell culture volume, mixing, and exposure duration.
abstract: Single-use bioprocessing bags are gaining popularity due to ease of use, lower risk of contamination, and ease of process scale-up. Bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphate (bDtBPP), a degradant of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite, marketed as Irgafos 168®, which is an antioxidant stabilizer added to resins, has been identified as a potentially toxic leachate which may impact the performance of single-use, multilayer bioprocessing bags. In this study, the toxicity of bDtBPP was tested on CHO-K1 cells grown as adherent or suspended cells. The EC50 (effective concentration to cause 50% cell death) for adherent cells was found to be one order of magnitude higher than that for suspended CHO-K1 cells. While CHO-K1 cells had good cell viability when exposed to moderate concentrations of bDtBPP, the degradant was shown to impact the viable cell density (VCD) at much lower concentrations. Hence, in developing an industry-standard assay for testing the cytotoxicity of leachates, suspended cells (as commonly used in the bioprocessing industry) would likely be most sensitive, particularly when reporting EC50 values based on VCD. The effects of mixing, cell culture volume, and exposure duration were also evaluated for suspended CHO-K1 cells. It was found that the sensitivity of cell culture to leachates from single-use plastic bags was enhanced for suspended cells cultured for longer exposure times and when the cells were subjected to continuous agitation, both of which are important considerations in the production of biopharmaceuticals. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:1318-1323, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL.
authors.forename: Rhythm R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL.
authors.forename: Taylor W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Linville
authors.affiliation: Chemic Labs, Canton, MA.
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Whynot
authors.affiliation: Chemic Labs, Canton, MA. CBRAZEL@eng.ua.edu.
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Brazel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002452:Cell Count; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003412:Cricetulus; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000633:toxicity*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D010755:Organophosphates; C000617831:bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphate
keywords: CHO-K1 cells; bDtBPP; cytotoxicity; leachates; single-use cell culture bags