title: Late-Onset Psychogenic Chronic Phonic-Tics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tics beginning in late adulthood often have an identifiable etiology. Psychogenic tics with onset around 60 years of age are rarely described in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 67-year-old female had experienced phonic tics for 8 years. Episodes occurred without premonitory sensations and precipitant factors, and she could not suppress them. She had no history of childhood tic disorder, and secondary causes of tics were excluded. She was diagnosed with psychogenic tics and treated with quetiapine with mild improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When physicians are faced with no identifiable cause of tics combined with certain clinical clues, a psychogenic disorder must be suspected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago Cardoso
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Vale
authors.affiliation: Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Luiz
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pedroso
authors.affiliation: Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knobel
authors.affiliation: Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Knobel
keywords: Tics; Tourette syndrome; adult tics; idiopathic tics; phonic tics