title: Monitoring and determination of sulfonamide antibiotics (sulfamethoxydiazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole and sulfadiazine) in imported Pangasius catfish products in Thailand using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: This research aimed to monitor the concentrations of sulfamethoxydiazine (SMD), sulfamethazine (SMT), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and sulfadiazine (SDZ) in imported Pangasius catfish products in Thailand. The residues of the four sulfonamides (SAs) were analyzed by extraction process and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The highest concentrations found were 10.97ng/g for SMD, 6.23ng/g for SMT, 11.13ng/g for SDZ and 245.91ng/g for SMX, which was higher than the European Union (EU) standard (100ng/g). Moreover, all samples contaminated with SMX also contained SMT, indicating that more than one antibiotic was used for production in the country of origin. Because Thai standards for antibiotics in food have not been completely set, all contaminated discovered would not be considered to be an illegal food, in which antibiotic residues may affect human health in the long term. Therefore, antibiotic residues in Pangasius catfish products should be continually regulated and monitored.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
authors.forename: Worawat
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jansomboon
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand. Electronic address: suwanna.boo@mahidol.ac.th.
authors.forename: Suwanna Kitpati
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Boontanon
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
authors.forename: Narin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boontanon
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: Chongrak
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Polprasert
authors.affiliation: Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, An Giang University, Long Xuyen, An Giang, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: Chau
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thi Da
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D002397:Catfishes; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005396:Fish Products / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D064088:Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points / Q000379:methods*; D013411:Sulfadiazine / Q000032:analysis; D013417:Sulfameter / Q000032:analysis; D013418:Sulfamethazine / Q000032:analysis; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole / Q000032:analysis; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000032:analysis*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013411:Sulfadiazine; D013417:Sulfameter; D013418:Sulfamethazine; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole
keywords: ASEAN countries; Food safety; Freshwater fish; LC-MS/MS; Pangasius catfish products; Sulfonamide antibiotics; Thailand