title: Aerobic granulation of protein-rich granules from nitrogen-lean wastewaters.
abstract: Proteins (PN)-rich granules are stable in structure in long-term reactor operations. This study proposed to cultivate PN-rich granules with PN/polysaccharides (PS) >20 from nitrogen lean wastewater, with ammonia-nitrogen as sole nitrogen source at chemical oxygen demand (COD)/N of 153.8. The yielded granules can sustain their structural stability in sequencing batch reactor mode for sufficient treatment of wastewaters up to 7000mg/L COD and with COD/N<500 and in continuous-flow reactor for successful 216-d treatment of wastewaters up to organic loading rate (OLR) of 39kg/m(3)-d. The produced granules were enriched with Firmicutes and β-proteobacteria as dominating strains. More than 58% of the nitrogen fed in the nitrogen-lean wastewater is converted to the PN in the granules. The replacement of ammonia by nitrate as sole nitrogen source led to granules enriched with γ-proteobacteria which are easily deteriorated at low OLR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-You
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Technology Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sheau-Pyng
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Electronic address: djleetw@yahoo.com.tw.
authors.forename: Duu-Jong
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D000641:Ammonia / Q000737:chemistry; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D001709:Biotechnology; D000068536:Bacillota / Q000378:metabolism; D009566:Nitrates / Q000737:chemistry; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D013696:Temperature; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000641:Ammonia; D009566:Nitrates; D009584:Nitrogen; D012722:Sewage; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Aerobic granules; Nitrogen species; PN/PS; Stability