title: Spectroscopic studies of anthracyclines: Structural characterization and in vitro tracking.
abstract: A broad spectroscopic characterization, using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and Fourier transform infrared absorption as well as Raman scattering, of two commonly used anthracyclines antibiotics (DOX) daunorubicin (DNR), their epimers (EDOX, EDNR) and ten selected analogs is presented. The paper serves as a comprehensive spectral library of UV-vis, IR and Raman spectra of anthracyclines in the solid state and in solution. The particular advantage of Raman spectroscopy for the measurement and analysis of individual antibiotics is demonstrated. Raman spectroscopy can be used to monitor the in vitro uptake and distribution of the drug in cells, using both 488nm and 785nm as source wavelengths, with submicrometer spatial resolution, although the cellular accumulation of the drug is different in each case. The high information content of Raman spectra allows studies of the drug-cell interactions, and so the method seems very suitable for monitoring drug uptake and mechanisms of interaction with cellular compartments at the subcellular level.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewelina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Szafraniec
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Majzner
authors.affiliation: FOCAS Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT), Camden Row, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Zeineb
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Farhane
authors.affiliation: FOCAS Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT), Camden Row, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Hugh J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.affiliation: Department of Modified Antibiotics, Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, Staroscinska 5, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lukawska
authors.affiliation: Department of Modified Antibiotics, Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, Staroscinska 5, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oszczapowicz
authors.affiliation: Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland; Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegorzecka 16, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chlopicki
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland. Electronic address: baranska@chemia.uj.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baranska
mesh_terms: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003630:Daunorubicin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003630:Daunorubicin
keywords: Anthracyclines; Doxorubicin in vitro; Drug-cell interactions; FT-IR spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; UV–Vis spectroscopy