title: A sustainable on-line CapLC method for quantifying antifouling agents like irgarol-1051 and diuron in water samples: Estimation of the carbon footprint.
abstract: In this work, in-tube solid phase microextraction (in-tube SPME) coupled to capillary LC (CapLC) with diode array detection has been reported, for on-line extraction and enrichment of booster biocides (irgarol-1051 and diuron) included in Water Frame Directive 2013/39/UE (WFD). The analytical performance has been successfully demonstrated. Furthermore, in the present work, the environmental friendliness of the procedure has been quantified by means of the implementation of the carbon footprint calculation of the analytical procedure and the comparison with other methodologies previously reported. Under the optimum conditions, the method presents good linearity over the range assayed, 0.05-10μg/L for irgarol-1051 and 0.7-10μg/L for diuron. The LODs were 0.015μg/L and 0.2μg/L for irgarol-1051 and diuron, respectively. Precision was also satisfactory (relative standard deviation, RSD<3.5%). The proposed methodology was applied to monitor water samples, taking into account the EQS standards for these compounds. The carbon footprint values for the proposed procedure consolidate the operational efficiency (analytical and environmental performance) of in-tube SPME-CapLC-DAD, in general, and in particular for determining irgarol-1051 and diuron in water samples.
authors.affiliation: Departament de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universitat de Valencia, C/ Doctor Moliner 50, E46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pla-Tolós
authors.affiliation: Departament de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universitat de Valencia, C/ Doctor Moliner 50, E46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Serra-Mora
authors.affiliation: Departament de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universitat de Valencia, C/ Doctor Moliner 50, E46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hakobyan
authors.affiliation: Departament de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universitat de Valencia, C/ Doctor Moliner 50, E46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Molins-Legua
authors.affiliation: Departament de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universitat de Valencia, C/ Doctor Moliner 50, E46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: yolanda.moliner@uv.es.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Moliner-Martinez
authors.affiliation: Departament de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universitat de Valencia, C/ Doctor Moliner 50, E46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: pilar.campins@uv.es.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Campins-Falcó
mesh_terms: D058572:Carbon Footprint / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000032:analysis*; D004237:Diuron / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis; D057230:Limit of Detection; D009862:Online Systems; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction; D014227:Triazines / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D006540:Herbicides; D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C103341:irgarol 1051; D004237:Diuron
keywords: Antifouling agents; Capillary LC; Carbon footprint; In-tube solid phase microextraction; Screening; Water samples