title: Revisiting the regulatory roles of the TGF-β family of cytokines.
abstract: TGF-β family members are multipotent cytokines that are involved in many cellular processes, including cell differentiation, organ development, wound healing and immune regulation. TGF-β has pleiotropic effects on adaptive immunity, especially in the regulation of CD4(+) T cell and B cell responses. Furthermore, identification of CD4(+) T cell subsets that produce TGF-β3 revealed unexpected roles of TGF-β3 in the control of adaptive immunity. In contrast to TGF-β1, which induces extensive fibrosis, TGF-β3 induces non-scarring wound healing and counteracts tissue fibrosis. Recent progress in the understanding of the activation mechanism of TGF-β may enable us to develop novel biologic therapies based on advanced protein engineering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: kfujio-tky@umin.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Keshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujio
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Komai
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kauzhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology*; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta
keywords: B cell; Integrin; Regulatory T cell; TGF-beta