title: A longitudinal, randomized, and prospective study of nocturnal monitoring in children and adolescents with epilepsy: Effects on quality of life and sleep.
abstract: Most studies on seizure detection systems focus more on the effectiveness of devices than on their practicability in and impact on everyday life. Our study investigated the impact of a technical monitoring system on subjective quality of sleep and the lives of affected families. Furthermore, we evaluated the impact of anxiety levels on seizure monitoring and vice versa.
  
  
  
  Forty-three patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy were included. Initially, the families decided whether they did (group 1, n=27) or did not (group 2, n=16) want to use a monitoring device. In group 1, patients were randomly assigned to using Epi-Care® (group 1A, n=14) or an audio baby monitor (group 1B, n=13). Quality of life was assessed at two points (t1, at the start of the study and t2, at 5-7months of follow-up) using the SF-12, Kindl-R, and "Familien-Belastungs-Fragebogen" (German version of the "Impact on Family Scale"). In addition, parental anxiety was measured using the State-Trait Anxiety-Inventory, and subjective quality of sleep was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Statistical analysis focused on the possible differences between groups 1 and 2 that may influence parents' decisions and the effects of the presence and types of technical monitoring over time.
  
  
  
  Anxiety levels were not significantly different between the groups with and without monitoring (group 1 vs. group 2). We also found no statistically significant, substantial baseline differences between the Epi-Care® and audio baby monitor groups, with at least medium effect sizes (group 1A vs. group 1B). Parents' health-related mental quality of life measured via the SF-12 increased significantly over time in all groups. By tendency, the fear of further seizures as well as the frequency of cosleeping arrangements in the monitoring group decreased during the study and approached the stable values of the control group.
  
  
  
  Individual parental anxiety levels are not crucial in the decision regarding the use of a monitoring device. A monitoring system may help some families in certain aspects of daily life. During the first months following a diagnosis of epilepsy, quality of life increases independently of the use of a monitoring system.
authors.affiliation: Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, HELIOS Hospital Wuppertal, Heusnerstr. 40, D-42283 Wuppertal, Germany. Electronic address: peter.borusiak@helios-kliniken.de.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Borusiak
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy Center Kork, Landstraße 1, D-77694 Kehl, Germany. Electronic address: tbast@epilepsiezentrum.de.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bast
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy Center Vogtareuth, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität (PMU) Salzburg, Krankenhausstraße 20, D-83569 Vogtareuth, Germany. Electronic address: gkluger@schoen-kliniken.de.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kluger
authors.affiliation: Wagener Foundation, Heusnerstr. 40, D-42283 Wuppertal, Germany. Electronic address: andrea.weidenfeld@gmx.de.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weidenfeld
authors.affiliation: Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, HELIOS Hospital Wuppertal, Heusnerstr. 40, D-42283 Wuppertal, Germany. Electronic address: thorsten.langer@uniklinik-freiburg.de.
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Langer
authors.affiliation: EKO Children's Hospital Oberhausen, Virchowstr. 20, D-46047 Oberhausen, Germany. Electronic address: andreas.jenke@eko.de.
authors.forename: Andreas C W
authors.initials: ACW
authors.lastname: Jenke
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH, Campus Kiel), Schwanenweg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. Electronic address: Wiegand@pedneuro.uni-kiel.de.
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wiegand
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life; D012890:Sleep
keywords: Epilepsy; Monitoring; Pediatrics; Quality of life; SUDEP; Seizure detection