title: Unidirectional acoustic probe based on the particle velocity gradient.
abstract: This paper presents the foundations of a unidirectional acoustic probe based on the particle velocity gradient. Highly directional characteristics play a key role in reducing the influence of undesired acoustic sources. These characteristics can be achieved by using multiple acoustic sensors in a spatial gradient arrangement. Two particle velocity sensors possessing the figure eight directivity pattern were used in a first-order gradient configuration to yield a unidirectional probe that can reject most excitations originating from both sides and the rear. The effects of key parameters are thoroughly discussed, and the proposed theory is validated in practice.
authors.affiliation: School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No. 127 Youyixi Road, Xi'an, People's Republic of China chitianysd@foxmail.com.
authors.forename: Shiduo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Microflown Technologies, 6824 BV Arnhem, the Netherlands fernandez@microflown.com, carrillo@microflown.com.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fernández Comesaña
authors.affiliation: Microflown Technologies, 6824 BV Arnhem, the Netherlands fernandez@microflown.com, carrillo@microflown.com.
authors.forename: Graciano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carrillo Pousa
authors.affiliation: School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No. 127 Youyixi Road, Xi'an, People's Republic of China yxyang@nwpu.edu.cn, xulingji@mail.nwpu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yixin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No. 127 Youyixi Road, Xi'an, People's Republic of China yxyang@nwpu.edu.cn, xulingji@mail.nwpu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Lingji
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu