title: Stage-directed individualized therapy in esophageal cancer.
abstract: Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer worldwide, and the incidence of esophageal carcinoma is rapidly increasing. With the advent of new staging and treatment techniques, esophageal cancer can now be managed through various strategies. A good understanding of the advances and limitations of new staging techniques and how these can guide in individualizing treatment is important to improve outcomes for esophageal cancer patients. This paper outlines the recent progress in staging and treatment of esophageal cancer, with particularly attention to endoscopic techniques for early-stage esophageal cancer, multimodality treatment for locally advanced esophageal cancer, assessment of response to neoadjuvant treatment, and the role of cervical lymph node dissection. Furthermore, advances in robot-assisted surgical techniques and postoperative recovery protocols that may further improve outcomes after esophagectomy are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.|Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goense
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.|Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peter S N
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: van Rossum
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kandioler
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jelle P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ruurda
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Khean-Lee
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Goh
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Misha D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Luyer
authors.affiliation: Meridian Cancer Care, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Krasna
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. R.vanHillegersberg@umcutrecht.nl.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Hillegersberg
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents
keywords: anastomotic leakage; esophageal cancer; esophageal surgery; neoadjuvant chemoradiation; robot-assisted; tumor staging