title: Dynamic absorption and scattering of water and hydrogel during high-repetition-rate (>100 MHz) burst-mode ultrafast-pulse laser ablation.
abstract: High-repetition-rate burst-mode ultrafast-laser ablation and disruption of biological tissues depends on interaction of each pulse with the sample, but under those particular conditions which persist from previous pulses. This work characterizes and compares the dynamics of absorption and scattering of a 133-MHz repetition-rate, burst-mode ultrafast-pulse laser, in agar hydrogel targets and distilled water. The differences in energy partition are quantified, pulse-by-pulse, using a time-resolving integrating-sphere-based device. These measurements reveal that high-repetition-rate burst-mode ultrafast-laser ablation is a highly dynamical process affected by the persistence of ionization, dissipation of plasma plume, neutral material flow, tissue tensile strength, and the hydrodynamic oscillation of cavitation bubbles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A7, Canada.
authors.forename: Zuoming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A7, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Covarrubias
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A7, Canada.
authors.forename: Alexander W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Grindal
authors.affiliation: Techna Institute, University Health Network, 100 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1P5, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada.
authors.forename: Margarete K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Akens
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada.
authors.forename: Lothar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lilge
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A7, Canada.
authors.forename: Robin S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Marjoribanks
keywords: (140.7090) Ultrafast lasers; (160.1435) Biomaterials; (170.1020) Ablation of tissue