title: Health technology assessment in Iran: Barriers and solutions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Health technology assessment (HTA) is a tool utilized for efficient dissemination of technology. For the purpose of encouraging decision-makers to utilize this tool, at first, we need to identify the obstacles in the processes of preparation, utilization, and implementation of HTAs. This study aims to define these barriers and offer solutions for effective utilization of HTA reports produced in Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  This qualitative content analysis determines the various beneficiaries of HTA, and utilizes a semi-structured interview with the participants who are all involved in the HTA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine out of ten people invited for the interviews accepted the researchers' invitation. An analysis of barriers and solutions for improving the utilization of HTA reports was conducted in three levels of policy makers (policy level), specialists in healthcare (professional level), and ordinary people (public level). The barriers in the policy level include unsuitability of reports for their audience, incompatible views toward the definition and necessity of health technology assessment, lack of financial resources for report preparation, and limitations in large-scale policymaking in Ministry of Health. Barriers in the professional level include lack of knowledge on HTA among serviceproviders. Barriers in the public level consist of information asymmetry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are various barriers toward accurate utilization of HTAs in Iran. Thus, a systematic approach which involves people, brings about culture, improves infrastructures, and boosts supervision on the performance is recommended.
authors.affiliation: BS Ntr, MSc in HTA, Knowledge Utilization Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. f-mohtasham@farabi.tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Farideh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mohtasham
authors.affiliation: MD, PhD in Epidemiology, Assistant Professor, Knowledge Utilization Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. byazdizadeh@tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Bahareh
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yazdizadeh
authors.affiliation: BPH, MSc in HTA, Department of Health Economics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. zzali4@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zali
authors.affiliation: DVM, MSc in HTA, PhD in Epidemiology, Professor of Epidemiology, Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. rezamajd@tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Majdzadeh
authors.affiliation: MD, MPH, PhD candidate of Gerontology, Knowledge Utilization Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, & University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation, Tehran, Iran. nejat_s@farabi.tums.ac.ir , sima_nedjat@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Sima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nedjat
keywords: Developing country; Health Technology Assessment; Qualitative Study