title: Effect of duration of smartphone use on muscle fatigue and pain caused by forward head posture in adults.
abstract: [Purpose] The effect of duration of smartphone use on neck and shoulder muscle fatigue and pain was investigated in adults with forward head posture. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty-four adults with forward head posture were classified into groups by duration of smartphone use: 11 used a smartphone for 10 minutes each (group 1), 12 for 20 minutes each (group 2), and 11 for 30 minutes each (group 3). Fatigue cervical erector spinae and upper trapezius muscles was measured by electromyography, and pain before and after the experiment was evaluated using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores. [Results] There was a significant difference in the degree of fatigue in the left upper trapezius muscles in group 2 and left cervical erector spinae and bilateral upper trapeziuses group 3. There was a significant difference in fatigue in the left upper trapezius in groups 1 and 3. The VAS showed significant differences in all groups before and after the experiment and between groups 1 and 3. [Conclusion] Pain and fatigue worsened with longer smartphone use. This study provided data on the proper duration of smartphone use. Correct posture and breaks of at least 20 minutes are recommend when using smartphones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Kyungnam University, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Yeol
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Kyungnam University, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Ja
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Koo
keywords: Forward head posture; Muscle fatigue; Smart phone