title: The Effect and Action Mechanisms of Oligochitosan on Control of Stem Dry Rot of Zanthoxylum bungeanum.
abstract: In this report, the effects of two oligochitosans, i.e., oligochitosan A (OCHA) and oligochitosan B (OCHB), on control of dry rot of Zanthoxylum bungeanum (Z. bungeanum) caused by Fusarium sambucinum (F. sambucinum) were evaluated. First, both oligochitosans show desirable ability to decrease the infection of F. sambucinum. Second, the oligochitosans strongly inhibit the radial colony and submerged biomass growth of F. sambucinum. Lastly, these oligochitosans are capable of increasing the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) significantly, as well as enhancing the content of total phenolics in Z. bungeanum stems. These findings indicate that the protective effects of OCHA and OCHB on Z. bungeanum stems against dry rot may be associated with the direct fungitoxic function against pathogen and the elicitation of biochemical defensive responses in Z. bungeanum stems. The outcome of this report suggests that oligochitosans may serve as a promising natural fungicide to substitute, at least partially, for synthetic fungicides in the disease management of Z. bungeanum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forest Protection, College of Forestry, Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling 712100, China. lipq@nwsuaf.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Peiqin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Forest Protection, College of Forestry, Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling 712100, China. zmcao@nwsuaf.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhimin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Forest Protection, College of Forestry, Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling 712100, China. 15229371653@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology &amp; the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA. wangx28@rpi.edu.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Processing of Forest Products, College of Forestry, Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling 712100, China. lixiuhong@nwsuaf.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiuhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D004156:Catechol Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D002686:Chitin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D048271:Chitosan; D005670:Fusarium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010650:Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase / Q000378:metabolism; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D032106:Zanthoxylum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009844:Oligosaccharides; D010636:Phenols; C493484:oligochitosan; D002686:Chitin; D048271:Chitosan; D004156:Catechol Oxidase; D009195:Peroxidase; D010650:Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase
keywords: Fusarium sambucinum; Zanthoxylum bungeanum; defensive enzyme; dry rot; oligochitosan; phenolics