title: Correlates of Length of Stay and Boarding in Florida Emergency Departments for Patients With Psychiatric Diagnoses.
abstract: Length of stay (LOS) and boarding in the emergency department (ED) for psychiatric patients have been the subject of concern, given the problems with crowding and excessive wait times in EDs. This investigation examined correlates of LOS and boarding in Florida EDs for patients presenting with psychiatric complaints from 2010 to 2013.
  
  
  
  Utilizing the Florida ED discharge database, the authors examined the association of LOS and boarding with hospital and encounter factors for adult patients presenting with a primary psychiatric diagnosis (N=597,541).
  
  
  
  The mean LOS was 7.77 hours. Anxiety disorders were the most frequent psychiatric complaint and were associated with the lowest mean LOS compared with other diagnoses (p<.05). Patient encounters resulting in a presentation of intentional self-harm and suicidality or schizophrenia were associated with significantly longer stays compared with other psychiatric diagnoses. Commercial insurance was associated with the shortest average LOS. African Americans, Hispanics, and patients age 45 and older were associated with a longer average LOS. Smaller hospital size, for-profit ownership, and rural designation were associated with a shorter average LOS. Teaching status was not associated with LOS. Furthermore, 73% of encounters resulting in transfers qualified as episodes of boarding (a stay of more than six or more hours in the ED).
  
  
  
  Extended LOS was endemic for psychiatric patients in Florida EDs.
authors.affiliation: With the exception of Mr. De Nadai, the authors are with the Department of Health Policy and Management, University of South Florida, Tampa (e-mail: jsmith42@health.usf.edu ). Dr. Storch is also with Rogers Behavioral Health-Tampa Bay. Mr. De Nadai is with the Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa.
authors.forename: Joseph L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: With the exception of Mr. De Nadai, the authors are with the Department of Health Policy and Management, University of South Florida, Tampa (e-mail: jsmith42@health.usf.edu ). Dr. Storch is also with Rogers Behavioral Health-Tampa Bay. Mr. De Nadai is with the Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa.
authors.forename: Alessandro S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: De Nadai
authors.affiliation: With the exception of Mr. De Nadai, the authors are with the Department of Health Policy and Management, University of South Florida, Tampa (e-mail: jsmith42@health.usf.edu ). Dr. Storch is also with Rogers Behavioral Health-Tampa Bay. Mr. De Nadai is with the Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa.
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Storch
authors.affiliation: With the exception of Mr. De Nadai, the authors are with the Department of Health Policy and Management, University of South Florida, Tampa (e-mail: jsmith42@health.usf.edu ). Dr. Storch is also with Rogers Behavioral Health-Tampa Bay. Mr. De Nadai is with the Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Langland-Orban
authors.affiliation: With the exception of Mr. De Nadai, the authors are with the Department of Health Policy and Management, University of South Florida, Tampa (e-mail: jsmith42@health.usf.edu ). Dr. Storch is also with Rogers Behavioral Health-Tampa Bay. Mr. De Nadai is with the Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa.
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pracht
authors.affiliation: With the exception of Mr. De Nadai, the authors are with the Department of Health Policy and Management, University of South Florida, Tampa (e-mail: jsmith42@health.usf.edu ). Dr. Storch is also with Rogers Behavioral Health-Tampa Bay. Mr. De Nadai is with the Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Petrila
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult