title: Toxicity of clove essential oil and its ester eugenyl acetate against Artemia salina.
abstract: The production of compounds via enzymatic esterification has great scientific and technological interest due to the several inconveniences related to acid catalysis, mainly by these systems do not fit to the concept of "green chemistry". Besides, natural products as clove oil present compounds with excellent biological potential. Bioactives compounds are often toxic at high doses. The evaluation of lethality in a less complex animal organism can be used to a monitoring simple and rapid, helping the identification of compounds with potential insecticide activity against larvae of insect vector of diseases. In this sense, the toxicity against Artemia salina of clove essential oil and its derivative eugenyl acetate obtained by enzymatic esterification using Novozym 435 as biocatalyst was evaluated. The conversion of eugenyl acetate synthesis was 95.6%. The results about the evaluation of toxicity against the microcrustacean Artemia salina demonstrated that both oil (LC50= 0.5993 µg.mL-1) and ester (LC50= 0.1178 µg.mL-1) presented high toxic potential, being the eugenyl acetate almost 5 times more toxic than clove essential oil. The results reported here shows the potential of employing clove oil and eugenyl acetate in insecticide formulations.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Cansian
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Vanin
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Orlando
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Piazza
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: B M S
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Puton
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: I L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Honaiser
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Paroul
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Engenharia Química e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001156:Artemia / Q000187:drug effects*; D045783:Clove Oil / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D004951:Esterification / Q000187:drug effects; D005054:Eugenol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000633:toxicity; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D008049:Lipase / Q000633:toxicity; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D045783:Clove Oil; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D007306:Insecticides; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D005054:Eugenol; C081939:acetyleugenol; C093667:Novozyme 435; D008049:Lipase