title: Chemical composition and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oil from Hallabong flower.
abstract: A number of essential oils derived from plants are claimed to have several medicinal functions, including anti-cancer and anti-inflammation effects. However, the chemical composition and biological activities of flower-derived components have not been sufficiently characterized. Therefore, we investigated the composition of essential oils from Hallabong flower [(Citrus unshiu Marcov × Citrus sinensis Osbeck) × Citrus reticulata Blanco] and their anti-inflammatory effects. Hydro-distilled essential oils (HEOs) were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In total, 21 components were identified, representing more than 98 % of the oils, with sabinene (34.75 %), linalool (14.77 %), β-ocimene (11.07 %), 4-terpineol (9.63 %), l-limonene (5.88 %), and γ-terpinene (4.67 %) as the main components. In the present study, we also investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of HEOs on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. HEOs were found to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and to suppress the LPS-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein. In addition, HEOs downregulated the production of the inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β (IC50 values are 0.05 %, 0.02 %, and 0.01 %, respectively). On the basis of these results, we suggest that HEOs can be considered potential anti-inflammatory candidates for therapeutic use in humans.
authors.affiliation: Cosmetic Center Science, Department of Chemistry, Jeju National University, Ara-1-dong, Jeju 690-756, Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Jin
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Jeju Love Co., Ltd., 542-5 Haengwon-ri, Gujwa-eup, Jeju 695-975, Korea; Animal Resources Technology, Kyungnam University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyong-Wol
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Citrus Research Station, National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Science, Seogwipo 697-943, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Suk
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Citrus Research Station, National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Science, Seogwipo 697-943, Korea.
authors.forename: Suk Man
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Citrus Research Station, National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Science, Seogwipo 697-943, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Jin
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Citrus Research Station, National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Science, Seogwipo 697-943, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang Sik
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Citrus Research Station, National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Science, Seogwipo 697-943, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Hun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Animal Resources Technology, Kyungnam University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang Keun
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Cosmetic Center Science, Department of Chemistry, Jeju National University, Ara-1-dong, Jeju 690-756, Korea.
authors.forename: Nam Ho
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Cosmetic Center Science, Department of Chemistry, Jeju National University, Ara-1-dong, Jeju 690-756, Korea; LINC Agency, Jeju National University, Ara-1-dong, Jeju 690-756, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Gu
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Hyun
keywords: Hallabong; chemical composition; citrus flower; essential oil; inflammation