title: Rapid and simple determination of T1 relaxation times in time-domain NMR by Continuous Wave Free Precession sequence.
abstract: Longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation times have been widely used in time-domain NMR (TD-NMR) to determine several physicochemical properties of petroleum, polymers, and food products. The measurement of T2 through the CPMG pulse sequence has been used in most of these applications because it denotes a rapid, robust method. On the other hand, T1 has been occasionally used in TD-NMR due to the long measurement time required to collect multiple points along the T1 relaxation curve. Recently, several rapid methods to measure T1 have been proposed. Those methods based upon single shot, known as Continuous Wave Free Precession (CWFP) pulse sequences, have been employed in the simultaneous measurement of T1 and T2 in a rapid fashion. However, these sequences can be used exclusively in instrument featuring short dead time because the magnitude of the signal at thermal equilibrium is required. In this paper, we demonstrate that a special CWFP sequence with a low flip angle can be a simple and rapid method to measure T1 regardless of instruments dead time. Experimental results confirmed that the method called CWFP-T1 may be used to measure both single T1 value and T1 distribution in heterogeneous samples. Therefore, CWFP-T1 sequence can be a feasible alternative to CPMG in the determination of physicochemical properties, particularly in processes where fast protocols are requested such as industrial applications.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense 400, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tiago Bueno
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense 400, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Monaretto
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Instrumentação, Rua XV de Novembro 1452, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil. Electronic address: luiz.colnago@embrapa.br.
authors.forename: Luiz Alberto
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Colnago
keywords: CWFP; Fast measurements; Relaxation times; TD-NMR