title: Use of the Electronic Medical Record to Assess Pancreas Size in Type 1 Diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study harnessed the electronic medical record to assess pancreas volume in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and matched controls to determine whether pancreas volume is altered in T1D and identify covariates that influence pancreas volume.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 25 patients with T1D and 25 age-, sex-, and weight-matched controls from the Vanderbilt University Medical Center enterprise data warehouse. Measurements of pancreas volume were made from medical imaging studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with T1D had a pancreas volume 47% smaller than matched controls (41.16 ml vs. 77.77 ml, P < 0.0001) as well as pancreas volume normalized by subject body weight, body mass index, or body surface area (all P < 0.0001). Pancreatic volume was smaller with a longer duration of T1D across the patient population (N = 25, P = 0.04). Additionally, four individual patients receiving multiple imaging scans displayed progressive declines in pancreas volume over time (~ 6% of volume/year), whereas five controls scanned a year apart did not exhibit a decline in pancreas size (P = 0.03). The pancreas was uniformly smaller on the right and left side of the abdomen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pancreas volume declines with disease duration in patients with T1D, suggesting a protracted pathological process that may include the exocrine pancreas.
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.|Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Virostko
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.|Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hilmes
authors.affiliation: Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America.
authors.forename: Kelsey
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eitel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.|Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.|Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.|VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
authors.forename: Alvin C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Powers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized; D009929:Organ Size; D046790:Pancreas, Exocrine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult