title: Monitoring of glucose, salt and pure water in human whole blood: An in vitro study.
abstract: Designing and implementation of non-invasive methods for glucose monitoring in blood is main focus of biomedical scientists to provide a relief from skin puncturing of diabete patient. The objective of this research work is to investigate the shape deformations and the aggregation of red blood cells (RBCs) in the human blood after addition of three different analytes i) (0mM-400mM: Range) of glucose (C(6)H(12)O(6)), ii) (0mM-400mM: range) of pure salt (NaCl) and iii) (0mM- 350mM: range) of pure water (H(2)O). We have observed that the changes in the shape of individual cells from biconcave discs to spherical shapes and eventually the lysis of the cells at optimum concentration of glucose, salts and pure water. This demonstration also provides a base line to facilitate diabetes during partial diagnosis and monitoring of the glucose levels qualitatively both in research laboratories and clinical environment.
authors.affiliation: Material Simulation Research laboratory (MSRL), Department of Physics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, University Campus, Bosan Road, Multan, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imran
authors.affiliation: Laser and Optronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, University Campus, Bosan Road, Multan, Pakistan / Departmnt of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Hafeez
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ullah
authors.affiliation: Laser and Optronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, University Campus, Bosan Road, Multan, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Munir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akhtar
authors.affiliation: Multan Institute of Nuclear medicine and Radiotherapy (MINAR), Cancer Hospital Multan, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Aslam
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sial
authors.affiliation: Laser and Optronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, University Campus, Bosan Road, Multan, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ejaz
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Multan Institute of Nuclear medicine and Radiotherapy (MINAR), Cancer Hospital Multan, Pakistan.
authors.lastname: Durr-E-Sabeeh
authors.affiliation: Multan Institute of Nuclear medicine and Radiotherapy (MINAR), Cancer Hospital Multan, Pakistan / Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mukhtar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Material Simulation Research laboratory (MSRL), Department of Physics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, University Campus, Bosan Road, Multan, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Fayyaz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hussain
mesh_terms: D004903:Erythrocyte Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D004907:Erythrocyte Deformability / Q000187:drug effects; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014867:Water / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D005947:Glucose