title: Organophosphate ester flame retardant concentrations and distributions in serum from inhabitants of Shandong, China, and changes between 2011 and 2015.
abstract: The production and use of brominated flame retardants have been increasingly restricted. Organophosphate esters (OPEs) have been widely used as substitutes for brominated flame retardants. However, little is yet known about human exposure to OPEs. The potential health risks posed by OPEs were assessed by determining the concentrations of 6 OPEs in pooled serum samples from residents of Shandong, China. The mean ∑6OPE concentrations in 2011 and 2015 were 680 ng/g lipid and 709 ng/g lipid, respectively. The most abundant OPE was tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, contributing a mean of 82% of the ∑6OPE concentration. A significant correlation was found between the tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate and tri-n-butylphosphate concentrations, possibly indicating that these OPEs are used in similar applications and have similar human exposure pathways in the study area. The mean tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate concentration increased from 536 ng/g lipid in 2011 to 605 ng/g lipid in 2015, but the concentrations of tri-n-butylphosphate, triphenyl phosphate, and tris(methylphenyl) esters decreased between 2011 and 2015. This could indicate that chlorinated OPEs bioaccumulate in humans more strongly than nonchlorinated OPEs do. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:414-421. © 2016 SETAC.
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yulong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.|Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Haodong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004952:Esters; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004952:Esters; D005411:Flame Retardants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D010755:Organophosphates; C031324:tris(chloroethyl)phosphate; C009524:tributyl phosphate; C010902:decabromobiphenyl ether
keywords: Biomonitoring; Flame retardants; Human serum; Organophosphate esters; Risk assessment