title: Flow diverter effect of LVIS stent on cerebral aneurysm hemodynamics: a comparison with Enterprise stents and the Pipeline device.
abstract: The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of the new Low-profile Visualized Intraluminal Support (LVIS®D) device and the difference of fluid diverting effect compared with the Pipeline device and the Enterprise stent using computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
  
  
  
  In this research, we simulated three aneurysms constructed from 3D digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The Enterprise, LVIS and the Pipeline device were virtually conformed to fit into the vessel lumen and placed across the aneurysm orifice. Computational fluid dynamics analysis was performed to compare the hemodynamic differences such as WSS, Velocity and Pressure among these stents.
  
  
  
  Control referred to the unstented model, the percentage of hemodynamic changes were all compared to Control. A single LVIS stent caused more wall shear stress reduction than double Enterprise stents (39.96 vs. 30.51 %) and velocity (23.13 vs. 18.64 %). Significant reduction in wall shear stress (63.88 %) and velocity (46.05 %) was observed in the double-LVIS stents. A single Pipeline showed less reduction in WSS (51.08 %) and velocity (37.87 %) compared with double-LVIS stent. The double-Pipeline stents resulted in the most reduction in WSS (72.37 %) and velocity (54.26 %). Moreover, the pressure increased with minuscule extent after stenting, compared with the unstented model.
  
  
  
  This is the first study analyzing flow modifications associated with LVIS stents. We found that the LVIS stent has certain hemodynamic effects on cerebral aneurysms: a single LVIS stent caused more flow reductions than the double-Enterprise stent but less than a Pipeline device. Nevertheless, the double-LVIS stent resulted in a better flow diverting effect than a Pipeline device.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, TiantanXili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.|Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, TiantanXili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhongbin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, TiantanXili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, TiantanXili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Linkai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.affiliation: Toshiba Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.|Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Nikhil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Paliwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Shengzhang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, TiantanXili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Toshiba Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.|Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Toshiba Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.|Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Adnan H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.affiliation: Toshiba Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.|Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, TiantanXili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China. yang-xj@163.net.
authors.forename: Xinjian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D018056:Hemorheology; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009716:Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted; D015607:Stents
keywords: Computational fluid dynamics (CFD); Hemodynamics; Intracranial aneurysm; LVIS; Wall shear stress (WSS)