title: In-depth proteomic profiling of the uveal melanoma secretome.
abstract: Uveal melanoma (UM), the most common primary intraocular tumour in adults, is characterised by a high frequency of metastases to the liver, typically with a fatal outcome. Proteins secreted from cancer cells ('secretome') are biologically important molecules thought to contribute to tumour progression. We examined the UM secretome by applying a label-free nanoLCMS/MS proteomic approach to profile proteins secreted into culture media by primary UM tumours with a high- (HR; n = 11) or low- (LR; n = 4) metastatic risk, compared to normal choroidal melanocytes (NCM) from unaffected post-mortem eyes. Across the three groups, 1843 proteins were identified at a 1% false discovery rate; 758 of these by at least 3 unique peptides, and quantified. The majority (539/758, 71%) of proteins were classified as secreted either by classical (144, 19%), non-classical (43, 6%) or exosomal (352, 46%) mechanisms. Bioinformatic analyzes showed that the secretome composition reflects biological differences and similarities of the samples. Ingenuity® pathway analysis of the secreted protein dataset identified abundant proteins involved in cell proliferation-, growth- and movement. Hepatic fibrosis/hepatic stellate cell activation and the mTORC1-S6K signalling axis were among the most differentially regulated biological processes in UM as compared with NCM. Further analysis of proteins upregulated ≥ 2 in HR-UM only, identified exosomal proteins involved in extracellular matrix remodelling and cancer cell migration/invasion; as well as classically secreted proteins, possibly representing novel biomarkers of metastatic disease. In conclusion, UM secretome analysis identifies novel proteins and pathways that may contribute to metastatic development at distant sites, particularly in the liver.
authors.affiliation: Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Angi
authors.affiliation: Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kalirai
authors.affiliation: Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prendergast
authors.affiliation: Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Dean E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia.|Save Sight Institute, Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Michele C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Madigan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Beynon
authors.affiliation: Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Coupland
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019295:Computational Biology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014604:Uveal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D000098943:Uveal Melanoma
chemical_list: D020543:Proteome
keywords: exosome; melanocytes; proteomics; secretome; uveal melanoma