title: [The influence of lumbar sympathetic ganglion radiofrequency thermocoagulation on the activation of microglia in rats with diabetic neuropathic pain].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the influence of lumbar sympathetic ganglion radiofrequency thermocoagulation on the activation of spinal microglia in rats with diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six painful diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats induced by 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneal injection were randomly divided into diabetic neuropathic pain group (group DNP, n=12), Sham operation group (group Sham, n=12) and radiofrequency thermocoagulation group (group R, n=12). Meanwhile another 12 age-matched rats were allocated as normal control group (group N), rats in group N received intraperitoneal injection of equal volume of normal saline. Twenty-eight days after STZ injection, rats in group R received L3 lumbar sympathetic ganglia radiofrequency thermocoagulation on the left side under X-ray guideline after anesthesia with damage time 60 s and damage temperature 60 ℃. Rats in group Sham received puncture positioning, but not thermocoagulation therapy. The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) were performed before STZ injection, 7, 14, 21, 28 days after STZ injection and 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 days after radiofrequency thermocoagulation, respectively. Blood glucose were performed before STZ injection, 3, 28 days after STZ injection and 1, 14days after radiofrequency thermocoagulation. After the final behavioral testing, L3-L5 spinal cord tissues were removed to exam the expression of microglia marker OX42 by Western blotting and immunofluorescence technique, and the changes in the expression of inflammation factor IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α were detected by ELISA technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with group N, after 14, 21, 28 days of STZ injection and 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 days of radiofrequency thermocoagulation, the PWT of group DNP and group Sham decreased significantly (P<0.05); Before radiofrequency thermocoagulation, the PWT of rats in group DNP was (3.84±0.83) g, the PWT of rats in group R was (4.45±0.88) g, there was no statistically significant difference between group DNP and group R (t=1.514, P>0.05), but after radiofrequency thermocoagulation, compared with DNP group, the PWT of rats in group R increased significantly (P<0.05), and lasted to 14 d after radiofrequency thermocoagulation. The ratio of spinal microglia marker OX42 and GAPDH, the expression of inflammation factor IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in group N were 0.074±0.023, (35.93±6.16) pg/ml, (92.11±13.23) pg/ml, and (169.50±22.64) pg/ml, respectively. The ratio of spinal microglia marker OX42 and GAPDH, the expression of inflammation factor IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in group DNP were 1.023±0.185, (73.82±9.25) pg/ml, (155.33±21.82) pg/ml, and (298.30±33.21) pg/ml, respectively. The ratio of spinal microglia marker OX42 and GAPDH, the expression of inflammation factor IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in group Sham were 0.951±0.103, (73.00±7.54) pg/ml, (151.02±24.26) pg/ml, and (294.01±36.37) pg/ml, respectively. The ratio of spinal microglia marker OX42 and GAPDH, the expression of inflammation factor IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in group R were 0.563±0.019, (51.81±7.36) pg/ml, (123.24±16.13) pg/ml, and (229.23±29.16) pg/ml, respectively. Compared with group N, the expression of spinal microglia marker OX42 and inflammation factor IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in group DNP, group Sham and group R increased significantly (F=7.501, 348.698, 568.021, 145.110, all P<0.05). Compared with DNP group, the expression of spinal microglia marker OX42 and inflammation factor IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α of group R reduced significantly (all P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lumbar sympathetic ganglion radiofrequency thermocoagulation can alleviate diabetic neuropathic pain. The mechanism may relate with the inhibition of spinal microglia activation and the lower expression of inflammation factor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, the First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: C X
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Q M
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies; D004564:Electrocoagulation; D005728:Ganglia, Sympathetic; D007249:Inflammation; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D017628:Microglia; D009437:Neuralgia; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013116:Spinal Cord; D013311:Streptozocin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013311:Streptozocin