title: An Integrative Analysis of the Effect of Lifestyle and Pharmacological Interventions on Glucose Metabolism in the Prevention and Treatment of Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes.
abstract: Preventing and managing youth-onset type 2 diabetes are a major challenge. This paper reviews the evidence of lifestyle and drug therapies in improving glucose, insulin, and insulin sensitivity. Forty-four interventions were analyzed, of which 11 were drug (mainly metformin) interventions combined with lifestyle while the remainder used lifestyle strategies only. Fewer than a dozen out of 44 interventions reported significant improvements in glucose-related outcomes. Metformin in addition to lifestyle therapy did not necessarily enhance intervention effects. The overall lack of findings can be partially attributed to the heterogeneity of study populations, the lack of intervention intensity, under-powered study design, and the challenging lives of at-risk populations. New treatment options in both drugs and lifestyle strategies are direly needed.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, 55 W. 125th Street, #803, New York, NY, 10027, USA. terry.huang@sph.cuny.edu.
authors.forename: Terry T-K
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, 55 W. 125th Street, #803, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferris
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, 55 W. 125th Street, #803, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
authors.forename: Devanshi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tripathi
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D019033:Delivery of Health Care, Integrated; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D008687:Metformin; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Child; Drug intervention; Glucose metabolism; Insulin resistance; Lifestyle intervention; Type 2 diabetes