title: Use of HμREL Human Coculture System for Prediction of Intrinsic Clearance and Metabolite Formation for Slowly Metabolized Compounds.
abstract: Design of slowly metabolized compounds is an important goal in many drug discovery projects. Standard hepatocyte suspension intrinsic clearance (CLint) methods can only provide reliable CLint values above 2.5 μL/min/million cells. A method that permits extended incubation time with maintained performance and metabolic activity of the in vitro system is warranted to allow in vivo clearance predictions and metabolite identification of slowly metabolized drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the static HμREL coculture of human hepatocytes with stromal cells to be set up in-house as a standard method for in vivo clearance prediction and metabolite identification of slowly metabolized drugs. Fourteen low CLint compounds were incubated for 3 days, and seven intermediate to high CLint compounds and a cocktail of cytochrome P450 (P450) marker substrates were incubated for 3 h. In vivo clearance was predicted for 20 compounds applying the regression line approach, and HμREL coculture predicted the human intrinsic clearance for 45% of the drugs within 2-fold and 70% of the drugs within 3-fold of the clinical values. CLint values as low as 0.3 μL/min/million hepatocytes were robustly produced, giving 8-fold improved sensitivity of robust low CLint determination, over the cutoff in hepatocyte suspension CLint methods. The CLint values of intermediate to high CLint compounds were at similar levels both in HμREL coculture and in freshly thawed hepatocytes. In the HμREL coculture formation rates for five P450-isoform marker reactions, paracetamol (CYP1A2), 1-OH-bupropion (CYP2B6), 4-OH-diclofenac (CYP2C9), and 1-OH-midazolam (3A4) were within the range of literature values for freshly thawed hepatocytes, whereas 1-OH-bufuralol (CYP2D6) formation rate was lower. Further, both phase I and phase II metabolites were detected and an increased number of metabolites were observed in the HμREL coculture compared to hepatocyte suspension. In conclusion, HμREL coculture can be applied to accurately estimate intrinsic clearance of slowly metabolized drugs and is now utilized as a standard method for in vivo clearance prediction of such compounds in-house.
authors.affiliation: Drug Safety & Metabolism and §RIA iMed DMPK, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ia
authors.initials: Ia
authors.lastname: Hultman
authors.affiliation: Drug Safety & Metabolism and §RIA iMed DMPK, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Charlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vedin
authors.affiliation: Drug Safety & Metabolism and §RIA iMed DMPK, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abrahamsson
authors.affiliation: Drug Safety & Metabolism and §RIA iMed DMPK, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Winiwarter
authors.affiliation: Drug Safety & Metabolism and §RIA iMed DMPK, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg , 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Malin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Darnell
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D015925:Cryopreservation; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 / Q000378:metabolism; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 / Q000378:metabolism; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; C504573:CYP1A2 protein, human; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6
keywords: HμREL coculture; P450 activity; clearance prediction; low CLint; metabolite formation; slowly metabolized drugs