title: Transient and chronic seizure-induced inflammation in human focal epilepsy.
abstract: In animal models, inflammation is both a cause and consequence of seizures. Less is known about the role of inflammation in human epilepsy. We performed positron emission tomography (PET) using a radiotracer sensitive to brain inflammation in a patient with frontal epilepsy ~36 h after a seizure as well as during a seizure-free period. When statistically compared to a group of 12 matched controls, both of the patient's scans identified a frontal (supplementary motor area) region of increased inflammation corresponding to his clinically defined seizure focus, but the postseizure scan showed significantly greater inflammation intensity and spatial extent. These results provide new information about transient and chronic neuroinflammation in human epilepsy and may be relevant to understanding the process of epileptogenesis and guiding therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Center for Brain Health, New York, New York, U.S.A.|Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York, New York, U.S.A.|Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Center for Brain Health, New York, New York, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Center for Brain Health, New York, New York, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Wai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tsui
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York, New York, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, New York, New York, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Anat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maoz
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Center for Brain Health, New York, New York, U.S.A.|Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York, New York, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Xiuyuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Center for Brain Health, New York, New York, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Center for Brain Health, New York, New York, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tanzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, New York, New York, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, New York, New York, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Yeona
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Center for Brain Health, New York, New York, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mosconi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York, New York, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Delia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Talos
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York, New York, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Ruben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuzniecky
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, New York, New York, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Shankar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vallhabjosula
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York, New York, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thesen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Center for Brain Health, New York, New York, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Glodzik
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ichise
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Silbersweig
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Center for Brain Health, New York, New York, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Mony J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: de Leon
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York, New York, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: French
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Focal cortical dysplasia; Frontal lobe epilepsy; Microglia; Positron emission tomography; Supplementary motor area; Translocator protein