title: Comparative proteomics of umbilical vein blood plasma from normal and gestational diabetes mellitus patients reveals differentially expressed proteins associated with childhood obesity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Offspring obesity is one of long-term complications of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of this study is to identify proteins differentially expressed in the umbilical vein blood plasma, which could become markers for early diagnosis of childhood obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Umbilical vein plasma samples were collected from 30 control and 30 GDM patients in 2007-2008 whose offspring were suffering from obesity at 6-7 years old. Multiplexed isobaric tandem mass tag labeling combined with LC-MS/MS was used to identify differentially expressed proteins. Ingenuity pathway analysis was performed to identify canonical pathways, biological functions, and networks of interacting proteins. Western blotting was used to verify the expression of three selected proteins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 318 proteins were identified, of which 12 proteins were upregulated in GDM group while 24 downregulated. Lipid metabolism was the top category identified by ingenuity pathway analysis. Three randomly chosen proteins were validated by Western blotting, which were consistent with LC-MS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are significant differences of protein profile in the umbilical vein blood plasma between normal and GDM patients with obese offspring. The results indicate that a variety of proteins and biological mechanisms may contribute to childhood obesity.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Zhijing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: Yancheng No. 1 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China.
authors.forename: Jianqing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Fuqiang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Hongjuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Zhonghua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017920:Antiporters; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005326:Fetal Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000473:pathology*; D010455:Peptides / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011247:Pregnancy; D040901:Proteomics; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017920:Antiporters; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005326:Fetal Proteins; D010455:Peptides
keywords: Childhood obesity; Gestational diabetes mellitus; LC-MS/MS; Tandem mass tag; Umbilical vein blood