title: Direct Regulation of Extracellular Chitinase Production by the Transcription Factor LeClp in Lysobacter enzymogenes OH11.
abstract: Lysobacter enzymogenes is a gram-negative bacterial biological control agent that produces abundant extracellular enzymes capable of degrading the cell walls of fungal pathogens. In strain OH11, an isolate from China, the global regulator LeClp controls the production of extracellular chitinase by regulating the transcription of the chitinase-encoding gene chiA. Using a combination of bioinformatic, genetic, and biochemical methods, we show that LeClp regulates chiA transcription by directly binding to the chiA promoter region. Although LeClp appears to be important in this role, it is not the sole regulator of chiA transcription. Furthermore, the sequence analysis of putative LeClp binding sites indicated that the LeClp homolog could be involved in the regulation of extracellular chitinase production in diverse Lysobacter spp. by a mechanism similar to that in L. enzymogenes. Our findings present new insights into the molecular mechanism of LeClp in controlling extracellular chitinase activity, providing a fundamental road to elucidate how LeClp regulates the production of other extracellular lytic enzymes in L. enzymogenes.
authors.affiliation: First, second, sixth, seventh, and eighth authors: College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education; third author: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, P.R. China; fourth author: Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68588; fifth author: Institute of Biochemistry, and NCHU Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; and eighth author: Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Huiyong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: First, second, sixth, seventh, and eighth authors: College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education; third author: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, P.R. China; fourth author: Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68588; fifth author: Institute of Biochemistry, and NCHU Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; and eighth author: Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hongfu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: First, second, sixth, seventh, and eighth authors: College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education; third author: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, P.R. China; fourth author: Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68588; fifth author: Institute of Biochemistry, and NCHU Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; and eighth author: Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yuemao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: First, second, sixth, seventh, and eighth authors: College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education; third author: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, P.R. China; fourth author: Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68588; fifth author: Institute of Biochemistry, and NCHU Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; and eighth author: Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Liangcheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: First, second, sixth, seventh, and eighth authors: College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education; third author: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, P.R. China; fourth author: Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68588; fifth author: Institute of Biochemistry, and NCHU Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; and eighth author: Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shan-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: First, second, sixth, seventh, and eighth authors: College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education; third author: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, P.R. China; fourth author: Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68588; fifth author: Institute of Biochemistry, and NCHU Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; and eighth author: Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hongxia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: First, second, sixth, seventh, and eighth authors: College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education; third author: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, P.R. China; fourth author: Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68588; fifth author: Institute of Biochemistry, and NCHU Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; and eighth author: Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Guoliang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: First, second, sixth, seventh, and eighth authors: College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education; third author: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, P.R. China; fourth author: Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68588; fifth author: Institute of Biochemistry, and NCHU Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; and eighth author: Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Fengquan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D061046:Biological Control Agents; D002688:Chitinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019295:Computational Biology; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000382:microbiology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000201:enzymology; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D053528:Lysobacter / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D061046:Biological Control Agents; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D002688:Chitinases; C094590:chitinase ChiA