title: Enhanced mannan-derived fermentable sugars of palm kernel cake by mannanase-catalyzed hydrolysis for production of biobutanol.
abstract: Catalytic depolymerization of mannan composition of palm kernel cake (PKC) by mannanase was optimized to enhance the release of mannan-derived monomeric sugars for further application in acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation. Efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of PKC was studied by evaluating effects of PKC concentration, mannanase loading, hydrolysis pH value, reaction temperature and hydrolysis time on production of fermentable sugars using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The ANOVA results revealed that all factors studied had highly significant effects on total sugar liberated (P<0.01). The optimum conditions for PKC hydrolysis were 20% (w/v) PKC concentration, 5% (w/w) mannanase loading, hydrolysis pH 4.5, 45°C temperature and 72h hydrolysis time. Enzymatic experiments in optimum conditions revealed total fermentable sugars of 71.54±2.54g/L were produced including 67.47±2.51g/L mannose and 2.94±0.03g/L glucose. ABE fermentation of sugar hydrolysate by Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 resulted in 3.27±1.003g/L biobutanol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hafiza
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shukor
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Masjed Soleyman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Masjed Soleyman, Iran.
authors.forename: Peyman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abdeshahian
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Taiz University, 6803 Taiz, Yemen.
authors.forename: Najeeb Kaid Nasser
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Al-Shorgani
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Aidil Abdul
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Hamid
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Norliza A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: mskpmn@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohd Sahaid
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kalil
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone / Q000737:chemistry; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D028023:Arecaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D056804:Biofuels; D019149:Bioreactors; D000440:Butanols / Q000737:chemistry*; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry; D002384:Catalysis; D003013:Clostridium / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005285:Fermentation; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008351:Mannans / Q000737:chemistry*; D008358:Mannose / Q000737:chemistry; D044902:beta-Mannosidase / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D000440:Butanols; D002241:Carbohydrates; D008351:Mannans; D000096:Acetone; D000431:Ethanol; D044902:beta-Mannosidase; D005947:Glucose; D008358:Mannose
keywords: Biobutanol production; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Mannan-derived monomeric sugar; Mannanase; Palm kernel cake