title: Evaluation Of freehand high-resolution 3-dimensional ultrasound of the median nerve.
abstract: In this study we evaluated freehand 3D ultrasound (3DUS) of the median nerve in comparison to 2D ultrasound (2DUS) and assessed the influence of tilting the transversal plane on cross-sectional area (CSA) measurement.
  
  
  
  Two examiners investigated the median nerves of 22 healthy subjects over a distance of 20 cm using 3DUS. Image quality and CSA were assessed at random points within the virtual 3D volume and compared with 2DUS.
  
  
  
  Image quality within the virtual 3D volume was good/sufficient/poor in 53.0%/40.2%/6.8% (examiner 1) and 21.6%/69.6%/8.8% (examiner 2), respectively. CSA measurements with 3DUS were smaller than with 2DUS (-12% and -17%; Wilcoxon test, P < 0.001). Interrater agreement for 3DUS and intermethod agreement between 2DUS and 3DUS were moderate. Stepwise tilting of the transversal plane increased CSA significantly.
  
  
  
  Freehand 3DUS of the median nerve over 20 cm is feasible and may help overcome some of the limitations and pitfalls of 2DUS. Muscle Nerve 55: 206-212, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Johann Otto
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Pelz
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Busch
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weinreich
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Dorothee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Saur
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weise
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008475:Median Nerve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: 3D ultrasound; interrater agreement; median nerve; nerve ultrasound; tilting the ultrasound transducer