title: Near Point of Convergence after Concussion in Children.
abstract: To determine the incidence of abnormal near point of convergence (NPC) after acute concussion in pediatric patients and to describe the clinical course of such patients.
  
  
  
  A retrospective cohort study of 275 pediatric patients 5 to 18 years of age presenting to a tertiary care children's hospital subspecialty concussion program with a new concussion between July 1, 2014 and June 30, 2015 was conducted.
  
  
  
  Sixty-seven out of 275 pediatric patients presenting to a subspecialty concussion referral program were found to have abnormal NPC on physical examination as measured by an accommodative rule. Twenty-six (46%) patients recovered with standard clinical care over a median time frame of 4.5 weeks (range 1-18), including a brief period of cognitive and physical rest followed by gradual return to school and physical activities without any formal interventions. An additional 23 (41%) patients recovered a median of 11 weeks post-injury after referral for formal vestibular therapy, including interventions for abnormal convergence, such as Brock string and pencil pushups. Seven (13%) patients with persistent abnormal NPC and concomitant symptoms that necessitated referral for formal office-based vision therapy with developmental optometry recovered a median of 23 weeks post-injury and a median of 16 weeks after referral to vision therapy.
  
  
  
  Assessment for NPC is a diagnostic entity that warrants consideration in children with concussion. Concussion questionnaires may not be sensitive to detect vision symptoms in children, making an accurate assessment for convergence important in the evaluation of concussion. Some children with abnormal NPC will recover without any formal intervention after concussion; however, a subset of patients with persistent abnormal NPC after concussion may benefit from interventions including vestibular and/or vision therapy.
authors.affiliation: *BA †MD, PhD ‡MS §MD ∥MD, CAQSM The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (EPS, JEL, OEP, MFG, CLM); Weill Cornell Medical School, New York, New York (SRM); and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MFG, CLM).
authors.forename: Eileen P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Storey
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Master
authors.forename: Julia E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lockyer
authors.forename: Olivia E
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Podolak
authors.forename: Matthew F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Grady
authors.forename: Christina L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Master
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003290:Convergence, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014787:Vision Tests; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology