title: Distribution of Aedes mosquitoes in the Kilimanjaro Region of northern Tanzania.
abstract: Little is known about the presence and distribution of Aedes mosquitoes in northern Tanzania despite the occurence of viruses transmitted by these mosquitoes such as Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Dengue virus (DENV) in the region. Adult and larval mosquitoes were collected from rural and urban settings across a wide range of altitudes in the Kilimanjaro Region using the Mosquito Magnet CO2 Trap for collection of adults and old tires for breeding of larvae. Polymerase chain reaction assays were performed on captured adult mosquitoes to detect the presence of CHIKV and DENV. A total of 2609 Aedes aegypti adult mosquitoes were collected; no other Aedes species larvae were found. Mosquito yields were significantly higher in urban settings than rural settings (26.5 vs. 1.9 mosquitoes per day, p = 0.037). A total of 6570 Ae. aegypti larvae were collected from old tires; no other Aedes species larvae were found. Of the 2609 adult mosquitoes collected, none tested positive for CHIKV or DENV. As far as we are aware, this paper reports for the first time the presence of Ae. aegypti in the Kilimanjaro Region of northern Tanzania. Although CHIKV and DENV were not isolated from any of the collected mosquitoes in this study, the apparent absence of other Aedes species in the area suggests that Ae. aegypti is the primary local vector of these infections.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA.
authors.forename: Julian T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hertz
authors.affiliation: b Tropical Pesticides Research Institute , Arusha , Tanzania.
authors.forename: Lucille J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Lyaruu
authors.affiliation: c Emerging Infectious Diseases Signature Research Program , Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School , Singapore.
authors.forename: Eng Eong
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Ooi
authors.affiliation: d Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Tumaini University , Moshi , Tanzania.
authors.forename: Franklin W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Mosha
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA.|d Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Tumaini University , Moshi , Tanzania.|e Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre , Moshi , Tanzania.|f Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University , Durham , NC, USA.|g Centre for International Health, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Crump
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000145:classification* / Q000821:virology*; D000818:Animals; D002646:Chikungunya virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000145:classification* / Q000821:virology*; D007814:Larva / Q000821:virology; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013636:Tanzania
keywords: Aedes aegypti; Aedes albopictus; Chikungunya; Dengue; Sub-Saharan Africa