title: Coconut water of different maturity stages ameliorates inflammatory processes in model of inflammation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Coconut water is a natural beverage that is a part of daily diet of many people. This study was designed to explore the anti-inflammatory activity of coconut water of different maturation stages (young and mature) with rat paw edema model of inflammation using plethysmometer.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this study, albino rats were selected and divided into four equal groups (10 rats in each group). Group 1 was set as control and administered distilled water 1 ml orally; Groups 2 and 3 were treated with young and mature coconut water, respectively, at 4 ml/100 g dose orally. Group 4 was treated with the standard drug (ibuprofen) at 400 mg/70 kg. 0.1 ml of 1% w/v acetic acid was administered in the subplantar tissue of rat paw 30 min after oral treatments of groups. Plethysmometer was used to measure rat paw edema.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results revealed that both coconut water possess significant anti-inflammatory activity (P < 0.001). In comparison to control, percent inhibition by young coconut water was 20.22%, 35.13%, 42.52%, and 36% at 1, 2, 3, and 4 h of acetic acid administration, respectively. However, maximum percent inhibition (42.52%) was observed in the second phase of the inflammatory process. On the other hand, percent inhibition by mature coconut water was 18.80%, 25.94%, 24.13%, and 18.66% at 1, 2, 3, and 4 h of acetic acid administration, respectively. However, maximum percent inhibition (25.94%) was observed in the first phase of the inflammatory process.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study strongly suggests the use of young coconut water for potent anti-inflammatory effect and mature coconut water for moderate anti-inflammatory effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sadia Saleem
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Rahila
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Najam
keywords: Anti-inflammatory; coconut water; paw edema; salicylic acid