title: Regional differences in health, diet and weaning patterns amongst the first Neolithic farmers of central Europe.
abstract: Across much of central Europe, the Linearbandkeramik (LBK) represents the first Neolithic communities. Arising in Transdanubia around 5500 cal. BC the LBK spread west to the Rhine within two to three hundred years, carrying elements of a mixed agricultural economy and a relatively homogeneous material culture. Colonisation of new regions during this progress would have required economic adaptations to varied ecological conditions within the landscape. This paper investigates whether such adaptation at a local scale affected health patterns and altered the dietary habits of populations that otherwise shared a common cultural and biological origin. Analysis of non-specific stress (linear enamel hypoplasia, porotic hyperostosis, cribra orbitalia) within five LBK populations from across central Europe in conjunction with published carbon and nitrogen stable isotope data from each site revealed a high prevalence of porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia in western populations that was associated with a lower animal protein intake. Hypoplastic enamel was more frequently observed in eastern populations however, and may reflect geographic differences in childhood morbidity and mortality as a result of variation in social practices relating to weaning. Local socio-economic adaptations within the LBK were therefore an important factor in the exposure of populations to non-specific stress.
authors.affiliation: School of Archaeology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Abigail
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ash
authors.affiliation: Institute for Archaeological Sciences and Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Francken
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ildikó
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pap
authors.affiliation: Anthropos Institute, Moravian Museum, Zelný trh 6, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Zdeněk
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tvrdý
authors.affiliation: State Office for Cultural Heritage Management Baden-Württemberg, Osteology, D-78467 Konstanz, Germany.|Institute for Archaeological Sciences, WG Palaeoanthropology, University of Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wahl
authors.affiliation: School of Archaeology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland.|Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pinhasi
mesh_terms: D000220:Adaptation, Biological; D000818:Animals; D000885:Anthropology, Physical; D001106:Archaeology; D000071298:Body Remains / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D003744:Dental Enamel Hypoplasia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D000067565:Farmers; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006306:Health Surveys; D015576:Hyperostosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012917:Social Adjustment; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial