title: Reproducibility of quantitative indices of lung function and microstructure from129Xe chemical shift saturation recovery (CSSR) MR spectroscopy.
abstract: To evaluate the reproducibility of indices of lung microstructure and function derived from129Xe chemical shift saturation recovery (CSSR) spectroscopy in healthy volunteers and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to study the sensitivity of CSSR-derived parameters to pulse sequence design and lung inflation level.
  
  
  
  Preliminary data were collected from five volunteers on three occasions, using two implementations of the CSSR sequence. Separately, three volunteers each underwent CSSR at three different lung inflation levels. After analysis of these preliminary data, five COPD patients were scanned on three separate days, and nine age-matched volunteers were scanned three times on one day, to assess reproducibility.
  
  
  
  CSSR-derived alveolar septal thickness (ST) and surface-area-to-volume (S/V) ratio values decreased with lung inflation level (P < 0.001; P = 0.057, respectively). Intra-subject standard deviations of ST were lower than the previously measured differences between volunteers and subjects with interstitial lung disease. The mean coefficient of variation (CV) values of ST were 3.9 ± 1.9% and 6.0 ± 4.5% in volunteers and COPD patients, respectively, similar to CV values for whole-lung carbon monoxide diffusing capacity. The mean CV of S/V in volunteers and patients was 14.1 ± 8.0% and 18.0 ± 19.3%, respectively.
  
  
  
  129Xe CSSR presents a reproducible method for estimation of alveolar septal thickness. Magn Reson Med 77:2107-2113, 2017. © 2016 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
authors.affiliation: POLARIS, Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Neil J
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8358-394X
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.affiliation: POLARIS, Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Felix C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.affiliation: POLARIS, Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Norquay
authors.affiliation: POLARIS, Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Guilhem J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Collier
authors.affiliation: Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Denise P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Yates
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Rod
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lawson
authors.affiliation: POLARIS, Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.affiliation: POLARIS, Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Jim M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wild
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000502:physiology*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D014979:Xenon Isotopes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D014979:Xenon Isotopes; C000614971:Xenon-129
keywords: chemical shift; hyperpolarized xenon-129; lung function; reproducibility