title: Noncoding RNAs: New Players in Cancers.
abstract: The world of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) has gained widespread attention in recent years due to their novel and crucial potency of biological regulation. Noncoding RNAs play essential regulatory roles in a broad range of developmental processes and diseases, notably human cancers. Regulatory ncRNAs represent multiple levels of structurally and functionally distinct RNAs, including the best-known microRNAs (miRNAs), the complicated long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and the newly identified circular RNAs (circRNAs). However, the mechanisms by which they act remain elusive. In this chapter, we will review the current knowledge of the ncRNA field, discussing the genomic context, biological functions, and mechanisms of action of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs. We also highlight the implications of the biogenesis and gene expression dysregulation of different ncRNA subtypes in the initiation and development of human malignancies.
authors.affiliation: Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xueman
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Siting
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, China. songew@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Erwei
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding
keywords: Cancer; Circular RNA; Gene expression regulation; Long noncoding RNA; MicroRNA; Noncoding RNA