title: Safety Irradiation Parameters of Nd:YAP Laser Beam for Endodontic Treatments: An In Vitro Study.
abstract: Objective. Nd:YAP laser has several potentialities of clinical applications in endodontics. The aim of our study is to determine the safety range of irradiation parameters during endodontic application of Nd:YAP laser that can be used without damaging and overheating the periodontal tissue. Material and Methods. Twenty-seven caries-free single-rooted extracted human teeth were used. Crowns were sectioned to obtain 11 mm root canal length. Temperature increases at root surfaces were measured by a thermocouple during Nd:YAP laser irradiation of root canals at different energy densities. Canal irradiation was accomplished with a circular and retrograde movement from the apex until the cervical part of the canal during 10 seconds with an axial speed of 1 mm/s. Each irradiation was done in a canal irrigated continuously with 2.25% NaOCl solution. Results. Periodontal temperature increase depends on the value of energy density. Means and standard deviations of temperature increases at root surfaces were below 10°C (safe threshold level) when the average energy densities delivered per second were equal to or below 4981 J/cm(2) and 9554 J/cm(2), respectively, for irradiations using a fiber diameter of 320 μm and 200 μm. Conclusions. Within the limitations of this study and under specific irradiation conditions, Nd:YAP laser beam may be considered harmless for periodontal tissues during endodontic applications.
authors.affiliation: EMDOLA, Department of Dental Science, University of Liège, Quai G. Kurth, P.O. Box 45, 4020 Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Namour
authors.affiliation: Division of Conservative and Adhesive Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, University of Liège, Quai G. Kurth, P.O. Box 45, 4020 Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geerts
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Hadath Campus, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zeinoun
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, Ghent Dental Laser Center, Dental School, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Moor
authors.affiliation: EMDOLA, Department of Dental Science, University of Liège, Quai G. Kurth, P.O. Box 45, 4020 Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nammour
mesh_terms: D003731:Dental Caries / Q000628:therapy*; D004708:Endodontics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State; D008297:Male; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D012449:Safety