title: Chemical profiles of urban fugitive dust PM2.5 samples in Northern Chinese cities.
abstract: Urban fugitive dust PM2.5 samples were collected in 11 selected cities in North China, and 9 ions (SO4(2-), NO3(-), Cl(-), F(-), Na(+), NH4(+), K(+), Mg(2+), and Ca(2+)) and 22 elements (Si, Al, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr, Sn, Sb, Ba, and Pb) were determined to investigate chemical profiles of PM2.5. The coefficient of divergence (CD) was used to compare the similarities of the chemical profiles for fugitive dust among three regions in North China, and the results showed that their composition are quite similar. Total water soluble ions occupied 9.3% and 10.0% on average of road dust and construction dust, respectively, indicating that most of the materials in urban fugitive dust samples were insoluble. Ca(2+) was the most abundant cation and SO4(2-) dominated in anions. Soil dust loading was calculated to occupy 70.8% and 83.6% in road dust and construction dust, respectively. Ca, Si, Fe, and Al were the most abundant elements in all the samples, and Ca was absolutely the most abundant specie among the 22 detected elements in construction dust samples. Chemical species ratios were used to highlight the characteristics of urban fugitive dust by comparing with other types of aerosols. High Ca/Al ratio was a good marker to distinguish urban fugitive dust from Asian dust and Chinese loess. In addition, low K(+)/K and NO3(-)/SO4(2-), and high Zn/Al and Pb/Al ratios were good indicators to separate urban fugitive dust from desert dust, Chinese loess, or urban PM2.5 samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710049, China. Electronic address: zxshen@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhenxing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710049, China.
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Leiming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
authors.forename: Yali
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
authors.forename: Jinjin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710049, China; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ru-Jin
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710049, China.
authors.forename: Suixin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710049, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710049, China.
authors.forename: Chongshu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
authors.forename: Hongmei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
authors.forename: Chunli
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
authors.forename: Pingping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Life and Geography Science, Kashgar University, China.
authors.forename: Zhiguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xue
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000032:analysis; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D002681:China; D002947:Cities; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D004391:Dust; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Ca/Al ratio; Chemical profiles; Urban fugitive dust