title: Human fetal growth restriction: a cardiovascular journey through to adolescence.
abstract: Intrauterine growth restriction has been noted to adversely impact morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period as well as cardiovascular well-being in adolescence and adulthood. Recent data based on a wide range of ultrasound parameters during fetal and neonatal life has noted early and persistent involvement of the cardiovascular system. Some of these measures are predictive of long-term morbidities. Assessment of vascular mechanics is a new and novel concept in this population, and opens up avenues for diagnosis, monitoring and evaluation of the likely effectiveness of interventions. Prevention of these adverse vascular and cardiac outcomes secondary to fetal growth restriction may be feasible and of clinical relevance. This review focuses on growth restriction in humans with respect to cardiovascular remodeling and dysfunction during fetal life, persistence of functional cardiac impairment during early childhood and adolescence, and possible preventive strategies.
authors.affiliation: 1Monash Children's Hospital, Block E Monash Medical Centre,Clayton VIC 3186,Australia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sehgal
authors.affiliation: 3The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders,The University of Sydney,New South Wales,Australia.
authors.forename: M R
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2793-2388
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Skilton
authors.affiliation: 4BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu),IDIBAPS,University of Barcelona,Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona,Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Crispi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans
keywords: cardiovascular function; dietary interventions; fetal ultrasound; intrauterine growth restriction; omega-3 supplementation