title: Titania nanotubes for orchestrating osteogenesis at the bone-implant interface.
abstract: Titanium implants can fail due to inappropriate biomechanics at the bone-implant interface that leads to suboptimal osseointegration. Titania nanotubes (TNTs) fabricated on Ti implants by the electrochemical process have emerged as a promising modification strategy to facilitate osseointegration. TNTs enable augmentation of bone cell functions at the bone-implant interface and can be tailored to incorporate multiple functionalities including the loading of active biomolecules into the nanotubes to target anabolic processes in bone conditions such as osteoporotic fractures. Advanced functions can be introduced, including biopolymers, nanoparticles and electrical stimulation to release growth factors in a desired manner. This review describes the application of TNTs for enhancing osteogenesis at the bone-implant interface, as an alternative approach to systemic delivery of therapeutic agents.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Karan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gulati
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia.|Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
authors.forename: Shaheer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maher
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Orthopaedics & Trauma, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Findlay
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Dusan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Losic
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry*; D000069343:Bone-Implant Interface / Q000502:physiology*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: bone implants; bone therapy; local drug delivery; osseointegration; titania nanotubes; titanium