title: Altered expression and localization of synaptophysin in developing cerebellar cortex of neonatal rats due to maternal diabetes mellitus.
abstract: There is sufficient evidence that diabetes during pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of neurodevelopmental anomalies including learning deficits, behavioral problems and motor dysfunctions in the offspring. Synaptophysin (SYP) is an integral membrane protein of synaptic vesicles and is considered as a marker for synaptogenesis and synaptic density. This study aimed to examine the effects of maternal diabetes in pregnancy on the expression and localization of SYP in the developing rat cerebellum. Wistar female rats were maintained diabetic from a week before pregnancy through parturition and male offspring was euthanized at postnatal day (P) 0, 7, and 14. The results revealed a significant down-regulation in the mRNA expression of SYP in the offspring born to diabetic animals at both P7 and P14 (P < 0.05 each). One week after birth, there was a significant reduction in the localization of SYP expression in the external granular (EGL) and in the molecular (ML) layers of neonates born to diabetic animals (P < 0.05 each). We also found a marked decrease in the expression of SYP in all of the cerebellar cortical layers of STZ-D group pups at P14 (P < 0.05 each). Moreover, our results revealed no significant changes in either expression or localization of SYP in insulin-treated group pups when compared with the controls (P ≥ 0.05 each). The present study demonstrated that maternal diabetes has adverse effects on the synaptogenesis in the offspring's cerebellum. Furthermore, the rigid maternal blood glucose control in the most cases normalized these negative impacts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Ghaffari St, Birjand, Iran.
authors.forename: Javad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hami
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Ghaffari St, Birjand, Iran. vafayisaeed@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vafaei-Nezhad
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Ghaffari St, Birjand, Iran.
authors.forename: Ghasem
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ivar
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Akram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sadeghi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
authors.forename: Kazem
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ghaemi
authors.affiliation: Central Lab, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mostafavizadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Deputy of Research and Technology, Research Centre of Experimental Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosseini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002525:Cerebellar Cortex / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016708:Synaptophysin / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D016708:Synaptophysin; C569016:Syp protein, rat
keywords: Cerebellum; Maternal Diabetes; Rat Newborn; Synaptogenesis; Synaptophysin