title: Intermediate release formulations of diclofenac potassium tablets for IVIVC.
abstract: In recent days response surface methodology (RSM) has widely been applied for development and optimization of cost effective formulations with required quality. Study comprised of three steps including micromeritic comparison of different powder blends of placebo and diclofenac potassium (DP), formulation designing with CCRD (Design Expert, version 7.0.0), and stability testing of selected formulations by using R Gui. Ten formulations (F11-F20) were developed using microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH-102) (X1) (13-72%), methocel K15M (X2) (6.59-23.4%) and magnesium stearate (X3) (1.32-4.68%), while responses were % friability and % drug release. Blending rate constant was determined at 3, 6, 9 and 12 minutes. The results of physicochemical parameters were found within acceptable limits. After in vitro testing at pH 1.2, pH 4.5 and pH 6.8, mechanism of drug release, kinetic analysis and statistical evaluation were carried out by model - independent, model-dependent and one-way ANOVA methods. Most formulations followed zero order kinetics at higher pH. Fickian release (0.326 ≤ n ≤0.449) was observed with β greater than 0.5 and less than 1. ANOVA indicated no significant variation within and between formulations as p-values were found to be > 0.05.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan / Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Huma
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Harris
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Shoaib
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Farya
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zafar
authors.forename: Rabia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bushra
authors.affiliation: Dow College of Pharmacy, DUHS, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Riffat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yasmin
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shehla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Zafar M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Alam
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000737:chemistry*; D004355:Drug Stability; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D012995:Solubility; D013607:Tablets
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D013607:Tablets; D004008:Diclofenac