title: Effect of heavy haze and aerosol pollution on rice and wheat productions in China.
abstract: In China, regional haze pollution is a serious environmental problem. The impact on ecosystem, however, is not clearly understood. This study investigates the effect of regional haze pollution on the yields of rice and wheat in China. The spatial and temporal distributions of aerosol optical depth (AOD) show high particulate pollution in the North China Plain region, Yangtze River Delta region, the central eastern China, and the Si Chuan Basin, coexisted largely with crop growth in time and space. The solar irradiance reaching these regions is estimated to reduce by up to 28-49%, calculated using the AOD distributions and tropospheric ultraviolet-visible (TUV) model. Reduction of solar irradiance in these regions can depress optimal yields of about 45% of rice and 75% of wheat growth in China, leading to 2% reduction in total rice production and 8% reduction in total wheat production in China. However, there are large uncertainties of the estimate related to the diffuse solar radiation. For high diffuse radiation case, the estimate reductions of rice and wheat decrease to 1% and 4.5%, respectively. A further detailed study is needed to clearly understand this effect to meet the growing food demand in the nation in the coming decades.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry &Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China.|Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
authors.forename: Xuexi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tie
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry &Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China.|Centre for Atmospheric and Marine Sciences, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen 361024, China.|Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ru-Jin
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry &Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China.
authors.forename: Wenting
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry &Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China.|Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry &Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry &Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry &Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China.
authors.forename: Shuyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry &Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China.
authors.forename: Qiyuan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry &Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China.
authors.forename: Guohui
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002681:China; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D059022:Food Safety; D012275:Oryza / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016082:Solar System; D062211:Spatio-Temporal Analysis; D014908:Triticum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter