title: Effect of pecan phenolics on the release of nitric oxide from murine RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.
abstract: Inflammation is linked to numerous chronic disease states. Phenolic compounds have attracted attention because a number of these compounds possess anti-inflammatory properties. A phenolic crude extract was prepared from pecans and separated by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography into low- and high-molecular-weight (LMW/HMW) fractions. Anti-inflammatory properties of these fractions were assessed in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. NO and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was monitored after 3 different experimental protocols: (1) pre-treatment with Escherichia coli O111:B4 lipopolysaccharide (LPS); (2) pre-treatment with a pecan crude extract and its fractions; and (3) co-incubation of LPS with a pecan crude extract and its fractions. The LMW fraction displayed a dose-dependent decrease in NO production and a significant decrease from the LPS control in ROS production when cells were either co-incubated with or pre-treated with LPS. The phenolics were characterized by HPLC to help identify those responsible for the observed effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science & Technology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The University of Georgia, 100 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602-2610, USA.
authors.forename: Katherine S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2351, USA.
authors.forename: Phillip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Greenspan
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science & Technology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The University of Georgia, 100 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602-2610, USA. Electronic address: rpegg@uga.edu.
authors.forename: Ronald B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Pegg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D031325:Carya / Q000737:chemistry*; D002470:Cell Survival; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003911:Dextrans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013634:Tannins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D003911:Dextrans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013634:Tannins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C025614:sephadex; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse
keywords: Griess assay; HPLC–ESI-MS/MS; Inflammation; Pecans; Proanthocyanidins (PACs); RAW 264.7; RP-HPLC