title: HIV P24 antigen among HIV antibody seronegative blood donors in Osogbo Osun State, South Western Nigeria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Efforts to curb the spread of HIV transmission through transfusion of blood and its products is still a problem because of challenge in countries using antibody-based rapid methods to detect infection during window period. Transmission of HIV through infected blood and its products accounts for approximately 10% in African region.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study analyzed true negativity of HIV infection in blood donors screened by ELISA test based on p24 core antigen detection. Four hundred and eighty (480) blood donors initially negative for HIV antibody by rapid screening kit, Determine™ HIV-1/2 (Abbott Laboratory, IL, USA) and re-screened with Immuno Comb® II HIV 1 and 2 (Bispot kit PBS Organics and Israel 2005). The samples were further tested for the presence of HIV antibody and p24 HIV core antigen using ELISA kits (Genscreen TM ULTRA HIV Ag-Ab) following manufacturer's instructions. All donors initially tested negative for Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two (0.42%) of 480 blood donors tested positive for the p24 HIV core antigen. The two positive donors for the p24 antigen had multiple sexual partners and recent sexually transmitted infections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association of the HIV p24 antigen with blood donation was highly significant (p = 0.000) and pose a great risk to recipients if screening of blood donor is only carried out by HIV antibody detection.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology , College of Health Sciences , Osogbo , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Olugbenga Adekunle
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Olowe
authors.affiliation: b Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion , College of Health Sciences , Osogbo , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Victor Olatunji
authors.initials: VO
authors.lastname: Mabayoje
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology , College of Health Sciences , Osogbo , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Olusola
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Akanbi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology , College of Health Sciences , Osogbo , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Olusolabomi Jose
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Adefioye
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology , College of Health Sciences , Osogbo , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Rita Ayanbolade
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Olowe
authors.affiliation: c Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Mercyland Wing , College of Health Sciences , Osogbo , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Emmanuel Kehinde
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Fadeni
authors.affiliation: c Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Mercyland Wing , College of Health Sciences , Osogbo , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Adeolu Sunday
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Oluremi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology , College of Health Sciences , Osogbo , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Oluyinka Oladele
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Opaleye
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001782:Blood Donors; D002648:Child; D003710:Demography; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24 / Q000276:immunology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24
keywords: ELISA; HIV Antibody; HIV P24 antigen; Immuno Comb® II HIV 1 and 2; Seronegative blood donors