title: Mainstream partial nitritation and anammox in a 200,000 m3/day activated sludge process in Singapore: scale-down by using laboratory fed-batch reactor.
abstract: A laboratory fed-batch reactor has been used to study under controlled conditions the performance of partial nitritation/anammox for the 200,000 m(3)/day step-feed activated sludge process at the Changi Water Reclamation Plant, Singapore. The similarity of the concentrations of NH(4), NO(2), NO(3), PO(4), suspended chemical oxygen demand (sCOD), pH, and alkalinity (ALK) between the on-site process and laboratory reactor illustrates that the laboratory fed-batch reactor can be used to simulate the site performance. The performance of the reactor fed by primary effluent illustrated the existence of anammox and heterotrophic denitrification and apparent excessive biological phosphorus removal as observed from the site. The performance of the reactor fed by final effluent proved the presence of anammox process on site. Both the laboratory reactor and on-site process showed that higher influent 5-day biochemical oxygen demand/total nitrogen (BOD(5)/TN) (COD/TN) ratio increases the nitrogen removal efficiency of the process.
authors.affiliation: Water Reclamation (Plants) Department, PUB, Singapore, 40 Scotts Road #15-01, Environment Building, Singapore 228231 E-mail: cao_yeshi@pub.gov.sg.
authors.forename: Cao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yeshi
authors.affiliation: Water Reclamation (Plants) Department, PUB, Singapore, 40 Scotts Road #15-01, Environment Building, Singapore 228231 E-mail: cao_yeshi@pub.gov.sg; Changi Water Reclamation Plant, 10 Changi East Close, Singapore 498785.
authors.forename: Kwok Bee
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, Delft 2828 BC, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mark C M
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: van Loosdrecht
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Glen T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Daigger
authors.affiliation: Water Reclamation (Plants) Department, PUB, Singapore, 40 Scotts Road #15-01, Environment Building, Singapore 228231 E-mail: cao_yeshi@pub.gov.sg; Changi Water Reclamation Plant, 10 Changi East Close, Singapore 498785.
authors.forename: Png Hui
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Water Reclamation (Plants) Department, PUB, Singapore, 40 Scotts Road #15-01, Environment Building, Singapore 228231 E-mail: cao_yeshi@pub.gov.sg.
authors.forename: Yuen Long
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Wah
authors.affiliation: Water Reclamation (Plants) Department, PUB, Singapore, 40 Scotts Road #15-01, Environment Building, Singapore 228231 E-mail: cao_yeshi@pub.gov.sg.
authors.forename: Chua Seng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chye
authors.affiliation: Water Reclamation (Plants) Department, PUB, Singapore, 40 Scotts Road #15-01, Environment Building, Singapore 228231 E-mail: cao_yeshi@pub.gov.sg.
authors.forename: Yahya Abd
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Ghani
mesh_terms: D064751:Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D019149:Bioreactors; D058465:Nitrification; D009573:Nitrites / Q000737:chemistry; D009584:Nitrogen; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D012846:Singapore
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D009573:Nitrites; D012722:Sewage; D009584:Nitrogen