title: Prevalence and factors associated with Chlamydia trachomatis infection among women with HIV in São Paulo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors associated with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection among women with HIV in São Paulo.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study included women with HIV who were receiving care from sixteen public health services in São Paulo (October 2013 to March 2014). All participants answered a questionnaire regarding their sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics. A urine sample was tested for CT and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) using the polymerase chain reaction. The chi-square test and a logistic regression model were used to test the associations with CT or NG infections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We evaluated 853 women and ultimately included 836 (98%) women. The mean age was 40.5 ± 0.34 years, and the prevalences of CT and NG infections were 1.8% and 0.5%, respectively. CT infection was associated with CD4+ T-cell counts of <350 cells/mm3 [adjusted odds ratio (ORadj): 24.5], age of 18-25 years (ORadj: 23.2), the non-use of condoms during the last 6 months (ORadj: 10.2), a self-reported history of a sexually transmitted infection (ORadj: 9.4), and having two or more sexual partners during the last year (ORadj: 6.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although we observed a low prevalence of CT infection among women with HIV, younger age was associated with a high risk of infection. Therefore, it may be appropriate to include screening for CT as part of the routine care for this population.
authors.affiliation: Programa Estadual de DST/AIDS, Centro de Referência e Treinamento em DST/AIDS, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.|Programa Municipal de DST/AIDS, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Valdir Monteiro
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: Programa Estadual de DST/AIDS, Centro de Referência e Treinamento em DST/AIDS, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Mariza Vono
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Tancredi
authors.affiliation: Programa Estadual de DST/AIDS, Centro de Referência e Treinamento em DST/AIDS, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Roberto Jose de Carvalho da
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Programa Municipal de DST/AIDS, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Zarifa
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Khoury
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Cássia Maria
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Buchalla
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult