title: Evaluation of the remineralization capacity of CPP-ACP containing fluoride varnish by different quantitative methods.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of CPP-ACP containing fluoride varnish for remineralizing white spot lesions (WSLs) with four different quantitative methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four windows (3x3 mm) were created on the enamel surfaces of bovine incisor teeth. A control window was covered with nail varnish, and WSLs were created on the other windows (after demineralization, first week and fourth week) in acidified gel system. The test material (MI Varnish) was applied on the demineralized areas, and the treated enamel samples were stored in artificial saliva. At the fourth week, the enamel surfaces were tested by surface microhardness (SMH), quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital (QLF-D), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and laser fluorescence (LF pen). The data were statistically analyzed (α=0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  While the LF pen measurements showed significant differences at baseline, after demineralization, and after the one-week remineralization period (p<0.05), the difference between the 1- and 4-week was not significant (p>0.05). With regards to the SMH and QLF-D analyses, statistically significant differences were found among all the phases (p<0.05). After the 1- and 4-week treatment periods, the calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) concentrations and Ca/P ratio were higher compared to those of the demineralization surfaces (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CPP-ACP containing fluoride varnish provides remineralization of WSLs after a single application and seems suitable for clinical use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selcuk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Savas
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fevzi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kavrìk
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kucukyìlmaz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D002364:Caseins / Q000737:chemistry*; D002417:Cattle; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects*; D005453:Fluorescence; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000737:chemistry*; D006245:Hardness Tests; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012464:Saliva, Artificial / Q000737:chemistry; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000188:drug therapy; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D002364:Caseins; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; C447032:casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplex