title: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase: First evidence of expression in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
abstract: The role of enzymes as active antimicrobial agents of the innate immunity in teleost fish is proposed in diverse works. Secretion of Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been described in higher vertebrates; it degrades l-tryptophan in extracellular environments associated mainly with mucosal organs. The effect of IDO on decreasing amino acid concentration may inhibit the growth of potential pathogens. In fish the study of this molecule is still. Here we report the identification of an Onchorhyncus mykiss IDO homologue (OmIDO). IDO was cloned, sequenced, and the primary structure shows conservation of key functional sites. The constitutive expression is altered when the fish is challenged with LPS as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs). Up-regulation of IDO was shown preferentially in the fish's mucosal cells. In order to obtain evidence of a possible regulation mechanism, an in vitro cell model was used for to show that OmIDO is induced by rIFN. These study has identified a Indoleamine 2,3-dyoxigenase in O. mykiss will contribute to expands our knowledge of the function this protein in fish immune response. These findings allow to propose the use of OmIDO as a molecular indicator of strength of the animal's immune response and wellbeing.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile. Electronic address: lina.cortes@pucv.cl.
authors.forename: Jimena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cortés
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Programa de Doctorado en Biotecnología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile. Electronic address: claudio.alvarez.a@mail.pucv.cl.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile. Electronic address: paula.santana@ucv.cl.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Santana
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile. Electronic address: elisatorres77@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile. Electronic address: luis.mercado@pucv.cl.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mercado
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000276:immunology*; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000276:immunology*; D000069452:Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules / Q000276:immunology; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D059467:Transcriptome; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D029941:Fish Proteins; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D000069452:Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules; D014364:Tryptophan
keywords: Fish IFN-γ; Fish innate immunity; ITIMs motifs; Immune regulation; Tryptophan metabolism