title: Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) Lundbeck, 1909 (Coelosphaeridae, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) from Southern Chile: new species and a discussion of morphologic characters in the subgenus.
abstract: Our ongoing studies of the Chilean sponge fauna revealed four new species of Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) that are described here, including three from the fjord's region (&lt; 30 m depth, L.(E.) ballena sp. nov., L. (E.) corrugata sp. nov.,      L. (E.) coloanensis sp. nov.), and one from the deep waters off Diego Ramírez Archipelago (ca. 2000 m, L. (E.) diegoramirezensis sp. nov.). In addition, the type of L. (E.) anacantha was revised and found to bear much larger acanthostyles than originally reported. Our results revealed skeletal architectures quite distinct from that reported from the type species of L. (Ectyodoryx), and not predicted in the current diagnosis of Lissodendoryx, requiring an amended diagnosis. Ectosomal megascleres also set the majority of the new species apart from the type species of L. (Ectyodoryx), which does not have terminally microspined (sub)tylotes. This character is widespread in Lissodendoryx and might be pointing to phylogenetic affinities across the current subgeneric arrangement. Further morphologic characters and alternative phylogenetic scenarios are discussed, including hymedesmiid and myxillid affinities of the species described here.
authors.affiliation: Museu Nacional, Departamento de Invertebrados, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, s/n, 2090-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.; Email: juliocesarbio@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Julio C C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.affiliation: Departamento Científico, Instituto Antártico Chileno (INACH), Plaza Muñoz Gamero 1055, Punta Arenas 6200965, Chile.; Email: ccardenas@inach.cl.
authors.forename: César A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cárdenas
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile.; Email: abravo@uach.cl.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bravo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética (DGen), Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes (IBRAG), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524-PHLC-Sala 205, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ.; Email: glhajdu@uerj.br.
authors.forename: Gisele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lôbo-Hajdu
authors.affiliation: Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINSc), Rue Vautier 29, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium and Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.; Email: philippe.willenz@naturalsciences.be.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Willenz
authors.affiliation: Museu Nacional, Departamento de Invertebrados, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, s/n, 2090-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.; Email: eduardo.hajdu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hajdu
mesh_terms: D063147:Animal Distribution; D000825:Animal Structures / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D000818:Animals; D049628:Body Size; D002677:Chile; D017753:Ecosystem; D063366:Estuaries; D009929:Organ Size; D010802:Phylogeny; D011161:Porifera / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development