title: Insight into cognitive decline from Zn2+dynamics through extracellular signaling of glutamate and glucocorticoids.
abstract: Glutamatergic neuron activity and/or the modification of the activity with glucocorticoids are closely linked to synaptic Zn2+dynamics as well as synaptic Ca2+dynamics. The dynamic crosstalk of synaptic Zn2+signaling to intracellular Ca2+signaling via calcium channels is involved in synaptic plasticity such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and cognitive activity. The influx of extracellular Zn2+into postsynaptic neurons, which is closely linked to glutamate signaling in the synaptic cleft, is critical for cognitive activity. However, excess intracellular Zn2+signaling induced by excess glutamatergic neuron activity is involved in not only cognitive decline in neurological disorders but also stress-induced cognitive decline. On the other hand, it has been recognized that excess Ca2+influx into postsynaptic neurons induces neuronal death, while the involvement of excess intracellular Ca2+signaling in cognitive decline is poorly understood. Understanding of synaptic Zn2+dynamics, which are modified by glutamate and glucocorticoid signaling, may be meaningful to prevent Zn2+-mediated cognitive decline. This paper summarizes the current knowledge on Zn2+dynamics under changing synaptic environment and its impact on cognitive decline.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan. Electronic address: takedaa@u-shizuoka-ken.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
authors.forename: Hanuna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tamano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry*; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000378:metabolism*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000737:chemistry*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017774:Long-Term Potentiation; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013569:Synapses; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D015032:Zinc; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Calcium; Cognition; Glucocorticoid; Glutamate; Hippocampus; Zinc