title: Longitudinal testing of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model of self-care among adults with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: The study's aim was to test prospective associations between information, motivation, and behavioral skills (IMB model) and self-care behaviors (diet, exercise, and blood glucose testing) among patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  
  295 participants were surveyed one (T1), six (T2), and 12 (T3) months after a diabetes course. Cross-lagged panel analyses were performed to test unidirectional and bidirectional relationships between IMB model variables and self-care behaviors.
  
  
  
  Blood-glucose testing at T1 was positively related to information at T2, which in turn was positively related to blood-glucose testing at T3. Controlled motivation at T1 was positively related to exercise at T2. Autonomous motivation at T2 was positively associated with exercise at T3. There was a positive bidirectional relationship across time between behavioral skills and general diet.
  
  
  
  Patterns of prospective associations between IMB model variables and diabetes self-care depend on the self-care behavior considered. This model offers an interesting framework for examining how diabetes self-care behaviors evolve.
  
  
  
  Diabetes education programs should provide information about current health status and promote experiential learning to help patients realize the impact of their behaviors on glycemic control; should foster autonomous motivation for long-term change; and should build on patients' strengths and skills.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada. Electronic address: meunier.sophie@uqam.ca.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meunier
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada. Electronic address: coulombe.simon@courrier.uqam.ca.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coulombe
authors.affiliation: CHUM Research Center, Montréal, Canada; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada. Electronic address: marie-dominique.beaulieu@umontreal.ca.
authors.forename: Marie-Dominique
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Beaulieu
authors.affiliation: CHUM Research Center, Montréal, Canada; Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada. Electronic address: jose.cote@umontreal.ca.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Côté
authors.affiliation: CHUM Research Center, Montréal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada. Electronic address: francois.lesperance@umontreal.ca.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lespérance
authors.affiliation: CHUM Research Center, Montréal, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada. Electronic address: jean.louis.chiasson@umontreal.ca.
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Chiasson
authors.affiliation: PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montréal, Canada; Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada. Electronic address: louis.bherer@concordia.ca.
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bherer
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada. Electronic address: jean.lambert@umontreal.ca.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada; CHUM Research Center, Montréal, Canada. Electronic address: houle.janie@uqam.ca.
authors.forename: Janie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Houle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006266:Health Education; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009042:Motivation; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods*; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Behavioral skills; Diabetes; Information; Motivation; Self-care; Self-efficacy