title: Chronic Rhinosinusitis without Nasal Polyps.
abstract: Chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) is more prevalent than chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Certain diseases predispose to whereas others are associated with CRSsNP. Predisposing diseases include allergic and nonallergic upper and lower airway diseases, epithelial cell disorders, immunodeficiencies, autoimmune diseases, and some infectious diseases. In addition, environmental and host factors, examples of which include smoking, a higher incidence of abnormal biofilms, and innate immune defects, play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. CRSsNP is characterized by histologic abnormalities, including basement membrane thickening (fibrosis) and goblet cell hyperplasia. Neutrophils and several chemokines, TGF-β and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)-8, play a role in CRSsNP remodeling. However, there are conflicting data about CRSsNP endotypes, for example, whether it is characterized by neutrophilia or eosinophilia or both. In spite of advancements and the understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease, additional study is necessary to better comprehend its underlying mechanisms, endotypes, and evidence-based treatment strategies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla. Electronic address: scho2@health.usf.edu.
authors.forename: Seong Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dae Woo
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gevaert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy
keywords: Chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps; Endotype; Phenotype