title: Hypothermia can reverse hepatic oxidative stress damage induced by hypoxia in rats.
abstract: Our previous findings demonstrated that hypothermia enhances the reduction potential in the liver and helps to maintain the plasmatic antioxidant pool. Here, we aimed to elucidate if hypothermia protects against hypoxia-induced oxidative stress damage in rat liver. Several hepatic markers of oxidative stress were compared in three groups of animals (n = 8 in each group): control normothermic group ventilated with room air and two groups under extreme hypoxia (breathing 10 % O2), one kept at normothermia (HN) (37 °C) and the other under deep hypothermia (HH) (central body temperature of 21-22 °C). Hypoxia in normothermia significantly increased the levels of hepatic nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, protein oxidation, Carbonilated proteins, advanced oxidation protein products, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) protein adducts, and lipid peroxidation when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). However, when hypoxia was induced under hypothermia, results from the oxidative stress biomarker analyses did not differ significantly from those found in the control group. Indeed, 4-HNE protein adduct amounts were significantly lower in the HH versus HN group (p < 0.05). Therefore, hypothermia can mitigate hypoxia-induced oxidative stress damage in rat liver. These effects could help clarify the mechanisms of action of therapeutic hypothermia.
authors.affiliation: TecnoCampus Mataró-Maresme, College of Health Sciences, University of Pompeu Fabra, Ernest Lluch, 32 (Porta Laietana), 08302, Mataró-Barcelona, Spain. mgarnacho@tecnocampus.cat.|Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Inmunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 643 Diagonal Ave. (3rd floor), 08028, Barcelona, Spain. mgarnacho@tecnocampus.cat.
authors.forename: Manuel Vicente
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Garnacho-Castaño
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Inmunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 643 Diagonal Ave. (3rd floor), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Norma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alva
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Inmunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 643 Diagonal Ave. (3rd floor), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Nuño
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Inmunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 643 Diagonal Ave. (3rd floor), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Raquel G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Bardallo
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Inmunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 643 Diagonal Ave. (3rd floor), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Palomeque
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Inmunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 643 Diagonal Ave. (3rd floor), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Carbonell
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010100:Oxygen / Q000009:adverse effects; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D000975:Antioxidants; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D005978:Glutathione; C027576:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: 4-HNE adducts; Hypoxia; Lipid peroxidation; Nitric oxide; Protein oxidation; Therapeutic hypothermia