title: Defining Field Cancerization of the Skin Using Noninvasive Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging to Detect and Monitor Actinic Keratosis in Ingenol Mebutate 0.015%- Treated Patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to assess the ability of optical coherence tomography to detect clinical and subclinical actinic keratoses confirmed by histopathology. The efficacy of ingenol mebutate treatment of actinic keratosis was also evaluated using optical coherence tomography, and correlation of treatment efficacy with severity of local skin reactions was determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-arm, open-label, split-face study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital outpatient clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male subjects (N=30) with seven actinic keratoses.
  
  
  METHODS
  A suspected actinic keratosis and the normal-appearing, perilesional skin were imaged, biopsied for histopathologic analysis, and the results compared with the clinical and a blinded optical coherence tomography diagnosis. Treatment with ingenol mebutate gel 0.015% was randomly administered to three clinically suspected actinic keratoses and the perilesional skin; three additional, suspected actinic keratoses lesions and perilesional areas were left untreated. Clinical and optical coherence tomography images were obtained for all lesions. Severity of local skin reactions was recorded to evaluate the relationship between local skin reaction and treatment effect.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Optical coherence tomography analysis had a 100-percent (28/28) correlation with the clinical diagnosis of actinic keratosis and detected 16 of 22 (73%) histopathologically confirmed subclinical lesions from perilesional skin sites. By optical coherence tomography assessment, the clearance rate for clinically observed lesions was 76 percent for ingenol mebutate-treated areas versus 11 percent for untreated areas; the clearance rate for treated subclinical lesions was 88 percent versus 43 percent for untreated areas. Clearance rates did not vary with the severity of the local response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Optical coherence tomography is effective at detecting clinical and subclinical actinic keratoses and monitoring their response to treatment.
authors.affiliation: SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York;; New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York;; Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Orit
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Markowitz
authors.affiliation: SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York;; New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York;; Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.affiliation: SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York;; New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York;; Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Eleanor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.affiliation: SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York;; New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York;; Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bieber
authors.affiliation: SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York;; New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York;; Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bienenfeld
authors.affiliation: SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York;; New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York;; Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Naveen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nandanan
authors.affiliation: SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York;; New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York;
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Siegel