title: Early neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants with intestinal failure.
abstract: The survival rate of infants and children with intestinal failure is increasing, necessitating a greater focus on their developmental trajectory.
  
  
  
  To evaluate neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with intestinal failure at 0-15months corrected age.
  
  
  
  Analysis of clinical, demographic and developmental assessment results of 33 children followed in an intestinal rehabilitation program between 2011 and 2014. Outcome measures included: Prechtl's Assessment of General Movements, Movement Assessment of Infants, Alberta Infant Motor Scale and Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Clinical factors were correlated with poorer developmental outcomes at 12-15months corrected age.
  
  
  
  Thirty-three infants (17 males), median gestational age 34weeks (interquartile range 29.5-36.0) with birth weight 1.98kg (interquartile range 1.17-2.50). Twenty-nine (88%) infants had abnormal General Movements. More than half had suspect or abnormal scores on the Alberta Infant Motor Scale and medium to high-risk scores for future neuromotor delay on the Movement Assessment of Infants. Delays were seen across all Mullen subscales, most notably in gross motor skills. Factors significantly associated with poorer outcomes at 12-15months included: prematurity, low birth weight, central nervous system co-morbidity, longer neonatal intensive care admission, necrotizing enterocolitis diagnosis, number of operations and conjugated hyperbilirubinemia.
  
  
  
  Multiple risk factors contribute to early developmental delay in children with intestinal failure, highlighting the importance of close developmental follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Services, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Group for Improvement of Intestinal Function and Treatment (GIFT), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: stephanie.so@sickkids.ca.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: So
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Services, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Group for Improvement of Intestinal Function and Treatment (GIFT), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Group for Improvement of Intestinal Function and Treatment (GIFT), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Services, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Group for Improvement of Intestinal Function and Treatment (GIFT), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Alaine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.affiliation: Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Group for Improvement of Intestinal Function and Treatment (GIFT), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kosar
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Group for Improvement of Intestinal Function and Treatment (GIFT), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: de Silva
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Group for Improvement of Intestinal Function and Treatment (GIFT), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Karolina Maria
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Burghardt
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Group for Improvement of Intestinal Function and Treatment (GIFT), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Yaron
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Avitzur
authors.affiliation: Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Group for Improvement of Intestinal Function and Treatment (GIFT), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Wales
mesh_terms: D002657:Child Development; D004065:Digestive System Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D020345:Enterocolitis, Necrotizing / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D020139:Gastroschisis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000254:growth & development*; D007409:Intestinal Atresia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D045822:Intestinal Volvulus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D065886:Neurodevelopmental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: Gastroschisis; Intestinal failure; Necrotizing enterocolitis; Neurodevelopmental outcomes; Short bowel syndrome