title: Influence of elective and emergency cesarean delivery on mother emotions and bonding.
abstract: Previous studies have indicated that mode of delivery could have a negative effect on bonding.
  
  
  
  To assess feelings towards newborn infants in mothers who delivered by cesarean delivery, elective (ElCD) or emergency (EmCD).
  
  
  
  This observational prospective study took place at the Division of Perinatal Medicine, Policlinico Abano Terme, Abano Terme, Italy, from September 2014 to April 2015.
  
  
  
  The sample included 573 puerperae divided into three groups: women undergone ElCD (n=73; 12.73%), women undergone EmCD (n=81; 14.13%) and women who underwent vaginal delivery (VD) (n=419; 73.12%).
  
  
  
  The instrument used was the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS; Taylor et al., 2005), a self-report test to measure mother's feelings towards her baby. High scores indicate worse mother-to-infant bonding and a score≥2, established as cut-off, indicates an altered bonding.
  
  
  
  The mean MIBS global score was 0.50±1.05 in the VD mothers, 0.67 (±1.14) for ElCD mothers and 0.92 (±1.05) for EmCD mothers, resulting significantly higher in EmCD mothers (p<0.001). The percentage of altered bonding (Score≥2) in the three groups was of 11.21% (n=47) in VD, 17.80% (n=13) in ElCD and 23.45% (n=19) in EmCD, significantly higher in EmCD women (p<0.006). In addition, EmCD mothers scored significantly higher Joyful (0.074±0.26 vs 0.185±0.39; p<0.005) and Disappointed (0.063±0.25 vs 0.123±0.36; p<0.008) subscales.
  
  
  
  It was found that EmCD negatively affects mother bonding and opening emotions, and originates in mother feelings like sadness and disappointment for the unplanned delivery evolution.
authors.affiliation: Division of Perinatal Medicine, Policlinico Abano Terme, Abano Terme, Italy. Electronic address: vincenzo.zanardo@libero.it.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zanardo
authors.affiliation: Division of Perinatal Medicine, Policlinico Abano Terme, Abano Terme, Italy.
authors.forename: Gino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Soldera
authors.affiliation: Division of Perinatal Medicine, Policlinico Abano Terme, Abano Terme, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Volpe
authors.affiliation: Division of Perinatal Medicine, Policlinico Abano Terme, Abano Terme, Italy.
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giliberti
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parotto
authors.affiliation: Division of Perinatal Medicine, Policlinico Abano Terme, Abano Terme, Italy.
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giustardi
authors.affiliation: Division of Perinatal Medicine, Policlinico Abano Terme, Abano Terme, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Straface
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*