title: Local Auxin Biosynthesis Mediated by a YUCCA Flavin Monooxygenase Regulates Haustorium Development in the Parasitic Plant Phtheirospermum japonicum.
abstract: Parasitic plants in the Orobanchaceae cause serious agricultural problems worldwide. Parasitic plants develop a multicellular infectious organ called a haustorium after recognition of host-released signals. To understand the molecular events associated with host signal perception and haustorium development, we identified differentially regulated genes expressed during early haustorium development in the facultative parasite Phtheirospermum japonicum using a de novo assembled transcriptome and a customized microarray. Among the genes that were upregulated during early haustorium development, we identified YUC3, which encodes a functional YUCCA (YUC) flavin monooxygenase involved in auxin biosynthesis. YUC3 was specifically expressed in the epidermal cells around the host contact site at an early time point in haustorium formation. The spatio-temporal expression patterns of YUC3 coincided with those of the auxin response marker DR5, suggesting generation of auxin response maxima at the haustorium apex. Roots transformed with YUC3 knockdown constructs formed haustoria less frequently than nontransgenic roots. Moreover, ectopic expression of YUC3 at the root epidermal cells induced the formation of haustorium-like structures in transgenic P. japonicum roots. Our results suggest that expression of the auxin biosynthesis gene YUC3 at the epidermal cells near the contact site plays a pivotal role in haustorium formation in the root parasitic plant P. japonicum.
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
authors.forename: Juliane K
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0956-7578
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9991-9054
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wakatake
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan Institute for Research Initiatives, Division for Research Strategy, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoko
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9999-7861
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takebayashi
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kasahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wafula
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802.
authors.forename: Claude W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: dePamphilis
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigetou
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Namba
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan ken.shirasu@riken.jp.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0349-3870
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shirasu
mesh_terms: D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D027623:Yucca / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases