title: Frequency of periodontal pathogens and Helicobacter pylori in the mouths and stomachs of obese individuals submitted to bariatric surgery: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This cross-sectional study compared the frequency of oral periodontopathogens and H. pylori in the mouths and stomachs of obese individuals with or without periodontitis submitted to bariatric surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and fifty-four men and women aged 18-65 were conveniently distributed into four groups. Two groups were composed of individuals who underwent bariatric surgery with (BP) (n=40) and without (BNP) (n=39) periodontitis and two obese control groups with (CP) (n=35) and without (CNP) (n=40) periodontitis. The oral pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Parvimonas micra, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Campylobacter rectus, and Helicobacter pylori were detected by a polymerase chain reaction technique using saliva, tongue and stomach biopsy samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analysis demonstrated that periodontopathogens were highly frequent in the mouth (up to 91.4%). In the bariatric surgically treated group, orally, P. gingivalis, T. denticola and T. forsythia were more frequent in periodontitis, while C. rectus was more frequent in non-periodontitis subjects. Stomach biopsies also revealed the high frequency of five oral species in both candidates for bariatric surgery (91.6%) and the bariatric (83.3%) groups. H. pylori was frequently detected in the mouth (50.0%) and stomach (83.3%). In the stomach, oral species and H. pylori appeared in lower frequency in the bariatric group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obese individuals showed high frequencies of periodontopathogens and H. pylori in their mouths and stomachs. Bariatric surgery showed an inverse microbial effect on oral and stomach environments by revealing higher oral and lower stomach bacterial frequencies.
authors.affiliation: - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Periodontia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
authors.forename: André Luiz
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Pataro
authors.affiliation: - Universidade de Taubaté, Núcleo de Pesquisa Periodontal, Departamento de Odontologia, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Sheila Cavalca
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Cortelli
authors.affiliation: - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Odontologia Social e Preventiva, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
authors.forename: Mauro Henrique Nogueira Guimarães
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Abreu
authors.affiliation: - Universidade de Taubaté, Núcleo de Pesquisa Periodontal, Departamento de Odontologia, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: José Roberto
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Cortelli
authors.affiliation: - Universidade de Taubaté, Núcleo de Pesquisa Periodontal, Departamento de Odontologia, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brasil.|- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Laboratório de Fisiologia e Patofisiologia, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brasil.
authors.forename: Gilson Cesar Nobre
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.affiliation: - Universidade de Taubaté, Núcleo de Pesquisa Periodontal, Departamento de Odontologia, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Davi Romeiro
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Aquino
authors.affiliation: - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Periodontia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
authors.forename: Luis Otavio Miranda
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Cota
authors.affiliation: - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Periodontia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
authors.forename: Fernando Oliveira
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Costa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D001706:Biopsy; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000601:surgery; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000382:microbiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012016:Reference Values; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013270:Stomach / Q000382:microbiology*; D055815:Young Adult