title: Synthesis and in vitro safety assessment of magnetic bacterial cellulose with porcine aortic smooth muscle cells.
abstract: Bacterial cellulose (BC) has been used as a scaffold for tissue regeneration (TR). Improving functional TR requires highly selective strategies for specific cell attraction. Embedding iron oxide nanoparticles into a BC matrix can drive magnetically labeled cells to specific tissues where they may begin to heal injured tissue. This article focuses on characterization and in vitro toxicity assessment of magnetic BC (MBC). We proposed to detect the production of radical oxygen species (ROS), esterase activity, and apoptosis to study cytotoxic interactions of MBC within its bioenvironment. Morphological characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy where evidence shows that the diameter of MBC fibers compared to BC fibers was 33% smaller, and the pore areas were 25% bigger. Cytotoxicity assays in porcine aortic smooth muscle cells exposed for 24 hours to BC, MBC, and poly(ethylene glycol)-coated MBC (MBC-PEG) reveals 96% viability and 9% ROS production for MBC-PEG. In contrast, 25% of cells exposed to MBC were apoptotic, suggesting that even when the cells were metabolically active, MBC can induce damage. These outcomes support the need for more integral assessment in the hopes of assessing the potential biosafety and uses of nanocomposites for TR. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2801-2809, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering and Centro de Microelectrónica (CMUA), Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, D.C. 11001, Colombia.|Department of Electrical Computer Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
authors.forename: Homero F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Pastrana
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Computer Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.|Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
authors.forename: Christy L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Computer Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.|College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
authors.forename: Milad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alucozai
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Computer Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.|Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Reece
authors.affiliation: Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering and Centro de Microelectrónica (CMUA), Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, D.C. 11001, Colombia. a-avila@uniandes.edu.co.
authors.forename: Alba G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Avila
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL.
authors.forename: Jean Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Allain
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002482:Cellulose / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D041822:Gluconacetobacter xylinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; C000499:ferric oxide; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D002482:Cellulose
keywords: IONP; ROS; bacterial cellulose; cytotoxicity; porcine aortic smooth muscle cells