title: Alterations in geometry, biomechanics, and mineral composition of juvenile rat femur induced by nonplanar PCB-155 and/or planar PCB-169.
abstract: Exposure to widespread lipophilic and bioaccumulative polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) induces diverse biochemical and toxicological responses in various organs, including the bone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in growth rate, geometry, serum, and bone biochemical parameters and biomechanics of juvenile rat femur induced by lactational exposure to nonplanar PCB-155 and planar PCB-169 individually and in combination. Fifteen lactating Wistar rats were divided into four groups (PCB-169, PCB-155, PCB-155+169, and control), and PCBs were administered intraperitoneally at different time points after delivery. Femurs from 22-day-old offspring were analyzed by microCT, three-point bending test and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to obtain data on bone geometry, biomechanics and mineral composition. The serum levels of calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase were also determined. Lactational exposure to planar PCB-169 resulted in shorter and thinner femurs, reduced endosteal and periosteal perimeters, smaller total cross-sectional and medullary areas, and lowered serum bone marker levels and calcium levels in the bone, while femur mechanical properties were not significantly altered. The changes observed in the combination exposure (PCB-155+169) group were similar to those observed in the PCB-169 group but were less pronounced. In summary, our results demonstrate that alterations in lactationally exposed offspring were primarily induced by planar PCB-169. The milder outcome in the combined group suggested that the PCB-169-mediated toxic effects on the bone might be reduced by a nonplanar PCB-155 congener. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1135-1146, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Histology with Embryology and Cytology, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brankovič
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.|Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of St. Cyril and Methodius, Vodnjanska 17, Skopje, 1000, Macedonia.
authors.forename: Sašo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jovanovski
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jevnikar
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, Roseggerweg 48, Graz, 8036, Austria.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofmeister
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, Roseggerweg 48, Graz, 8036, Austria.
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reininger-Gutmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Diseases and Normal Dental Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Janja
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jan
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Diseases and Normal Dental Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grošelj
authors.affiliation: Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Njegoševa 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Joško
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Osredkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Histology with Embryology and Cytology, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Matjaž
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uršič
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Histology with Embryology and Cytology, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fazarinc
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Histology with Embryology and Cytology, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Azra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pogačnik
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Histology with Embryology and Cytology, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Milka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vrecl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007774:Lactation; D008297:Male; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; C027310:2,4,6,2',4',6'-hexachlorobiphenyl; C027309:3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl
keywords: biomechanics; femur; geometry; growth rate; polychlorinated biphenyl