title: Gender Differences in Child Aggression: Relations With Gender-Differentiated Parenting and Parents' Gender-Role Stereotypes.
abstract: This longitudinal study examines the association between child gender and child aggression via parents' physical control, moderated by parents' gender-role stereotypes in a sample of 299 two-parent families with a 3-year-old child in the Netherlands. Fathers with strong stereotypical gender-role attitudes and mothers were observed to use more physical control strategies with boys than with girls, whereas fathers with strong counterstereotypical attitudes toward gender roles used more physical control with girls than with boys. Moreover, when fathers had strong attitudes toward gender roles (stereotypical or counterstereotypical), their differential treatment of boys and girls completely accounted for the gender differences in children's aggressive behavior a year later. Mothers' gender-differentiated parenting practices were unrelated to gender differences in child aggression.
authors.affiliation: Leiden University.
authors.forename: Joyce J
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8149-912X
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Endendijk
authors.affiliation: Leiden University.
authors.forename: Marleen G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Groeneveld
authors.affiliation: Leiden University.
authors.forename: Lotte D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: van der Pol
authors.affiliation: Leiden University.
authors.forename: Sheila R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: van Berkel
authors.affiliation: Leiden University.
authors.forename: Elizabeth T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Hallers-Haalboom
authors.affiliation: Leiden University.
authors.forename: Marian J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bakermans-Kranenburg
authors.affiliation: Leiden University.
authors.forename: Judi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mesman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology*; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005219:Father-Child Relations; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009034:Mother-Child Relations / Q000523:psychology*; D009426:Netherlands; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013240:Stereotyping