title: Early nutrition transition in Haiti: linking food purchasing and availability to overweight status in school-aged children.
abstract: The primary aim was to examine the association of socio-economic factors and diet with overweight (including obesity) among school-aged children in Haiti. The secondary aim was to describe food availability and the physical activity built environment in participating schools.
  
  
  
  This cross-sectional study examined baseline data from the intervention Mamba study assessing the effectiveness of a fortified peanut butter paste in school-aged children. Logistic regression modelling was used to test hypothesized factors in association with overweight status.
  
  
  
  Six primary schools in Cap-Haitien, the second largest city in Haiti.
  
  
  
  Children (n 968) aged 3-13 years, in good health and enrolled in a participating school for the 2012/13 school year.
  
  
  
  Child age (adjusted OR (AOR); 95 % CI=0·25; 0·12, 0·56), child age squared (1·08; 1·03, 1·13), always purchasing food at school (3·52; 1·12, 11·08), mother's BMI (1·10; 1·04, 1·16) and household ownership of a bicycle (0·28; 0·11, 0·71) were significantly associated with overweight (likelihood ratio=36, P<0·0001). Consumption of fish was significantly lower in overweight children in the binary analysis (P=0·033) and improved the fit of the model. Schools had limited time and space for physical activity and foods sold by vendors were predominantly high in sugar or fat.
  
  
  
  To our knowledge the present study is the first to examine the covariates of childhood overweight or describe school food availability and physical activity built environments in Haiti. Further research is necessary to identify intervention targets and feasible, cost-effective approaches for prevention of obesity in Haiti children.
authors.affiliation: 1Brown School,Washington University in St. Louis,Campus Box 1196,1 Brookings Drive,St. Louis,MO 63130-4899,USA.
authors.forename: Alexandra B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Morshed
authors.affiliation: 1Brown School,Washington University in St. Louis,Campus Box 1196,1 Brookings Drive,St. Louis,MO 63130-4899,USA.
authors.forename: Haley V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.affiliation: 2Meds & Food for Kids,St. Louis,MO,USA.
authors.forename: Jacques Raymond
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Delnatus
authors.affiliation: 2Meds & Food for Kids,St. Louis,MO,USA.
authors.forename: Patricia B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.affiliation: 1Brown School,Washington University in St. Louis,Campus Box 1196,1 Brookings Drive,St. Louis,MO 63130-4899,USA.
authors.forename: Lora L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Iannotti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005522:Food Services; D006205:Haiti; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology*; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D012574:Schools
keywords:  Haiti; Child; Food availability; Nutrition transition; Overweight