title: Assessment of the dietary intake of propylene glycol in the Korean population.
abstract: An improved method for the analysis of propylene glycol (PG) in foods using a gas chromatography-flame ionisation detector (GC-FID), with confirmation by GC-MS, was validated by measuring several analytical parameters. The PG concentrations in 1073 products available in Korean markets were determined. PG was detected in 74.1% of the samples, in a concentration range from the limit of detection (n.d., 0.39 μg ml(-1)) to 12,819.9 mg kg(-1). The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2011-2013 reported the mean intake levels of PG from all sources by the general population and consumers were 26.3 mg day(-1) (0.52 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) and 34.3 mg day(-1) (0.67 mg kg(-1) day(-1)), respectively. The 95th percentile intake levels of the general population and consumers were 123.6 mg day(-1) (2.39 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) and 146.3 mg day(-1) (2.86 mg kg(-1) day(-1)), respectively. In all groups of the general population, breads were the main contributors to the total PG intake. These reports provide a current perspective on the daily intake of PG in the Korean population.
authors.affiliation: a Food additives and Packages Division , Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Cheongju , Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: a Food additives and Packages Division , Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Cheongju , Korea.
authors.forename: Ju Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: a Food additives and Packages Division , Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Cheongju , Korea.
authors.forename: EunA
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: a Food additives and Packages Division , Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Cheongju , Korea.
authors.forename: Gun Young
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: a Food additives and Packages Division , Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Cheongju , Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Soon
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: a Food additives and Packages Division , Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Cheongju , Korea.
authors.forename: TaeSeok
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019946:Propylene Glycol / Q000032:analysis*; D056910:Republic of Korea; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019946:Propylene Glycol
keywords: KNHANES; Propylene glycol; consumption; intake