title: Impact of dementia on behavioral independence and disturbance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Decreasing behavioral independence levels and increasing frequencies of behavioral disturbances are the most problematic aspects for people with dementia. However, the relative effects of dementia on these factors are unknown. We investigated variability in behavioral independence and disturbance profiles of patients with dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional correlation study in which 70 inpatients with dementia from convalescent wards in a hospital were enrolled. We assessed cognitive impairments with the Mini-Mental State Examination, evaluated behavioral independence levels with the Functional Independence Measure and assessed frequency of behavioral disturbances with the Dementia Behavior Disturbance Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Coefficient determination was 0.395 (P < 0.0001) between the Mini-Mental State Examination and Functional Independence Measure scores, 0.261 (P < 0.0001) between the Mini-Mental State Examination and Dementia Behavior Disturbance Scale scores, and 0.355 (P < 0.0001) between the Functional Independence Measure and Dementia Behavior Disturbance Scale scores. The most easily accomplished behavioral independence was eating, and the hardest was transfer to tub/shower. The behavioral disturbance with the highest frequency was urinary incontinence, and the lowest was emptying drawers or closets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moderate correlations were found between severity of dementia and behavioral independence levels and frequencies of behavioral disturbances. There were both easier and harder to accomplish behaviors, and both higher and lower frequencies of behavioral disturbances. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 605-613.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shiroishi Asuka Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Espoir Kita Hiroshima, Kita Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Arisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sakuradai Asuka Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nitanda
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sakuradai Asuka Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Nao
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Michinari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.affiliation: Nihon Welfare and Rehabilitation Institute, Eniwa, Japan.
authors.forename: Teruaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Endo
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012919:Social Behavior
keywords: activities of daily living; behavioral disturbances; behavioral independences; dementia; rehabilitation