title: A porcine model of relief of unilateral ureteral obstruction: study on self-repairing capability over multiple time points.
abstract: It is still controversial whether renal tubular interstitial fibrosis (TIF) is a reversible process. Although previous studies examining TIF have been carried out in rodents, their kidney size and physiological character differ with humans, and the difference among diverse individuals before and after damage was obvious. Thus an experimental animal model to simulate human kidney disease was urged to be established. In order to clarify whether TIF is reversible, and the exact time points that the kidney has the capacity to be repaired, a porcine relief of unilateral ureteral obstruction (R-UUO) model was developed. Kidney damage and reparation were observed dynamically in vivo over various time points. Pigs were randomized divided into three groups (n = 6): UUO 5 days group, UUO 7 days, and UUO 10 days group. Each porcine in that groups underwent UUO and subsequent R-UUO for three time points. Renal function, histological structure, and protein expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin and E-cadherin were evaluated at different time points. Following R-UUO after 5 and 7 days of UUO, compared to UUO, serum creatinine levels were significantly decreased. Renal pathological tissue damage was repaired. The expressions of α-SMA and vimentin were decreased and E-cadherin expression was increased (P < 0.05). However, during R-UUO 14, 28, and 56 days after 10 days of UUO, serum creatinine was not decreased significantly. The expressions of α-SMA and vimentin consistently remained at high levels. Renal damage was unable to be restored and resulted in chronic lesions. Kidney damage induced by UUO can be reversed in early stages. However, longer time of UUO with significant levels of TIF showed limited reversibility. The porcine R-UUO model provides an ideal animal model for the investigation of kidney injury and repair as well as for the evaluation of the effect of drug treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.|Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lining
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Changchun Central Hospital, Changchun, 130051, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Manyu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Jilin Province People's Hospital, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wenpeng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yangwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, 28th Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China. xieyuansn@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Yuansheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China. xmchen301@126.com.|Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, 28th Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China. xmchen301@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiangmei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007668:Kidney / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013552:Swine; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Animal model; Fibrosis; Kidney; Ureteral obstruction