title: Expression pattern in retinal photoreceptors of POMGnT1, a protein involved in muscle-eye-brain disease.
abstract: The POMGNT1 gene, encoding protein O-linked-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1, is associated with muscle-eye-brain disease (MEB) and other dystroglycanopathies. This gene's lack of function or expression causes hypoglycosylation of α-dystroglycan (α-DG) in the muscle and the central nervous system, including the brain and the retina. The ocular symptoms of patients with MEB include retinal degeneration and detachment, glaucoma, and abnormal electroretinogram. Nevertheless, the POMGnT1 expression pattern in the healthy mammalian retina has not yet been investigated. In this work, we address the expression of the POMGNT1 gene in the healthy retina of a variety of mammals and characterize the distribution pattern of this gene in the adult mouse retina and the 661W photoreceptor cell line.
  
  
  
  Using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and immunoblotting, we studied POMGNT1 expression at the mRNA and protein levels in various mammalian species, from rodents to humans. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy analyses were performed to characterize the distribution profile of its protein product in mouse retinal sections and in 661W cultured cells. The intranuclear distribution of POMT1 and POMT2, the two enzymes preceding POMGnT1 in the α-DG O-mannosyl glycosylation pathway, was also analyzed.
  
  
  
  POMGNT1 mRNA and its encoded protein were expressed in the neural retina of all mammals studied. POMGnT1 was located in the cytoplasmic fraction in the mouse retina and concentrated in the myoid portion of the photoreceptor inner segments, where the protein colocalized with GM130, a Golgi complex marker. The presence of POMGnT1 in the Golgi complex was also evident in 661W cells. However, and in contrast to retinal tissue, POMGnT1 additionally accumulated in the nucleus of the 661W photoreceptors. Colocalization was found within this organelle between POMGnT1 and POMT1/2, the latter associated with euchromatic regions of the nucleus.
  
  
  
  Our results indicate that POMGnT1 participates not only in the synthesis of O-mannosyl glycans added to α-DG in the Golgi complex but also in the glycosylation of other yet-to-be-identified proteins in the nucleus of mouse photoreceptors.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Mary Luz
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Uribe
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: María Paz
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Ventero
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Campello
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols' UAM-CSIC, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cruces
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio (IMEM) 'Ramón Margalef', Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martín-Nieto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008364:Mannosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D017351:N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D020419:Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D058494:Walker-Warburg Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D008364:Mannosyltransferases; D017351:N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases; C443106:protein O-mannose beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase; C082696:protein O-mannosyltransferase