title: Increased HIV-1 sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies by mutations in the Env V3-coding region for resistance to CXCR4 antagonists.
abstract: HIV-1 passage in cell culture in the presence of chemokine receptor antagonists can result in selection of viruses with env mutations that confer resistance to these inhibitors. In the present study, we examined the effect of HIV-1env mutations that confer resistance to CXCR4 antagonists on envelope (Env) sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). Serial passage of CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 NL4-3 in PM1/CCR5 cells under CXCR4 antagonists KRH-3955, AMD3100 and AMD070 yielded two KRH-3955-resistant, one AMD3100-resistant and one AMD070-resistant viruses. These viruses had multiple env mutations including the Env gp120 V3 region. The majority of viruses having these CXCR4 antagonist-resistant Envs showed higher sensitivity to NAbs 447-52D, b12 and 2F5 targeting the V3 region, the gp120 CD4-binding site and the gp41 membrane proximal region, respectively, compared to NL4-3 WT virus. Recombinant NL4-3 viruses with the V3-coding region replaced with those derived from the CXCR4 antagonist-resistant viruses showed increased sensitivity to NAbs b12, 2F5 and 447-52D. Molecular dynamics simulations of Env gp120 outer domains predicted that the V3 mutations increased levels of fluctuations at the tip and stem of the V3 loop. These results indicate that mutations in the V3-coding region that result in loss of viral sensitivity to CXCR4 antagonists increase viral sensitivity to NAbs, providing insights into our understanding of the interplay of viral Env accessibility to chemokine receptors and sensitivity to NAbs.
authors.affiliation: AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8640 Tokyo, Japan.|The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, 108-8639 Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuta
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hikichi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi Murayama-shi, 208-0011 Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.affiliation: Vietnam Research Station, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, 852-8523 Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Taichiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takemura
authors.affiliation: AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8640 Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujino
authors.affiliation: Kureha Corporation, 3-26-2, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, 169-8503 Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Sei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumakura
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, 860-8556 Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.affiliation: AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8640 Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi Murayama-shi, 208-0011 Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8640 Tokyo, Japan.|The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, 108-8639 Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matano
authors.affiliation: AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8640 Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murakami
mesh_terms: D000220:Adaptation, Biological; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000276:immunology*; D002460:Cell Line; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D056004:Molecular Dynamics Simulation; D050505:Mutant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D009154:Mutation; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D012692:Serial Passage; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; C527276:CXCR4 protein, human; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D050505:Mutant Proteins; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus