title: The association between urinary lgM excretion and diabetic retinopathy in diabetic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetic Retinopathy is one of the most common causes of blindness among adults. Microvascular complications may have common origins. The objective of the present study is to analyze the correlation between urinary IgM excretion and diabetic retinopathy based on the type of diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study is cross-sectional analytic and was carried out on 140 type2 diabetic patients (of which 70 patients diagnosed with retinopathy) and 76 type1 diabetic patients (of which 37 patients diagnosed with retinopathy). For every patient in each of the test groups, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, creatinin and HbA1c tests were done. The value of IgM, the albumin- to- creatinine ratio and the urine analysis test were also used to rule out the significant proteinuria of the patients. Then, IgM Index was measured using the following equation: Igm Index = Urine IgM/Urine Cr.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The level of IgM index in the diabetic patients (type1 and type2) had no significant correlation with retinopathy. Cut point = 1.49, sensitivity = 0.703 and specificity = 0.308 in type1 diabetes were used for screen retinopathy. In type1 diabetic patients, the duration of diabetes had a significant correlation with urinary protein while in type 2 diabetic patients, the diabetes duration and HbA1c were significantly correlated with retinopathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study demonstrate that the level of urinary IgM in diabetic patients has no difference in those who have or lack retinopathy, but the urinary IgM level of more than 1.49 mg/dl can be considered as a cut point in type1 diabetic patients to screen retinopathy.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and clinical physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Mojgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanjari
authors.affiliation: Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Gholam Reza
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Asadikaram
authors.affiliation: Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Fariba
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Beigzadeh
authors.affiliation: Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Soheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Torabian
authors.affiliation: Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Zohreh
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Safi
authors.affiliation: University of British Columbia (UBC), 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada.
authors.forename: Amirfarhad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghaseminejad Tafreshi
keywords: Diabetes Complications; Diabetic Retinopathy; Urinary IgM