title: Carbon Dioxide Transformation in Imidazolium Salts: Hydroaminomethylation Catalyzed by Ru-Complexes.
abstract: The catalytic species generated by dissolving Ru3 (CO)12 in the ionic liquids 1-n-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride or 1-n-butyl-2,3-dimethyl-imidazolium chloride are efficient multifunctional catalysts for: (a) reverse water-gas shift, (b) hydroformylation of alkenes, and (c) reductive amination of aldehydes. Thus the reaction of alkenes with primary or secondary amines (alkene/amine, 1:1) under CO2 /H2 (1:1) affords the hydroaminomethylations products in high alkene conversions (up to 99 %) and selectivities (up to 96 %). The reaction proceeds under relatively mild reaction conditions (120 °C, 60 bar=6 MPa) and affords selectively secondary and tertiary amines. The presence of amine strongly reduces the alkene hydrogenation competitive pathway usually observed in the hydroformylation of terminal alkenes by Ru complexes. The catalytic system is also highly active for the reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones yielding amines in high yields (>90 %).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, 91501-970 RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Meher
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, 91501-970 RS, Brazil.|School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Aitor
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gual
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, 91501-970 RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gunter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ebeling
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, 91501-970 RS, Brazil. Jairton.dupont@ufrgs.br, jairton.dupont@nottingham.ac.uk.|School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK. Jairton.dupont@ufrgs.br, jairton.dupont@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Jairton
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3237-0770
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dupont
mesh_terms: D000475:Alkenes / Q000737:chemistry; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D008745:Methylation; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D012428:Ruthenium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000475:Alkenes; D007093:Imidazoles; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C029899:imidazole; D012428:Ruthenium; C030242:phosphoric acid
keywords: carbon dioxide; hydroaminomethylation; ionic liquid; reversed water-gas shift; ruthenium