title: Inflammation and epigenetic regulation in osteoarthritis.
abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) was once defined as a non-inflammatory arthropathy, but it is now well-recognized that there is a major inflammatory component to this disease. In addition to synovial cells, articular chondrocytes and other cells of diarthrodial joints are also known to express inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed that targeting inflammation pathways could be a promising strategy to treat OA. There have been many reports of cross-talk between inflammation and epigenetic factors in cartilage. Specifically, inflammatory mediators have been shown to regulate levels of enzymes that catalyze changes in DNA methylation and histone structure, as well as alter levels of non-coding RNAs. In addition, expression levels of a number of these epigenetic factors have been shown to be altered in OA, thereby suggesting potential interplay between inflammation and epigenetics in this disease. This review provides information on inflammatory pathways in arthritis and summarizes published research on how epigenetic regulators are affected by inflammation in chondrocytes. Furthermore, we discuss data showing how altered expression of some of these epigenetic factors can induce either catabolic or anti-catabolic effects in response to inflammatory signals. A better understanding of how inflammation affects epigenetic factors in OA may provide us with novel therapeutic strategies to treat this condition.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA.|b Department of Cell Biology & Physiology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA.
authors.forename: Yousef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Abu-Amer
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA.
authors.forename: Regis J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: O'Keefe
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA.|b Department of Cell Biology & Physiology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA.
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McAlinden
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002356:Cartilage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators
keywords: DNA methylation; epigenetics; histone modification; inflammation; non-coding RNA; osteoarthritis