title: Adherence to ketoacids/essential amino acids-supplemented low protein diets and new indications for patients with chronic kidney disease.
abstract: Low protein diets (LPD) have long been prescribed to chronic kidney disease patients with the goals of improving metabolic abnormalities and postpone the start of maintenance dialysis.
  
  
  
  We reviewed the recent literature addressing low protein diets supplemented with ketoacids/essential aminoacids prescribed during chronic kidney disease and their effects on metabolic, nutritional and renal parameters since 2013.
  
  
  
  We show new information on how to improve adherence to these diets, on metabolic improvement and delay of the dialysis needs, and preliminary data in chronic kidney disease associated pregnancy. In addition, data on incremental dialysis have been reviewed, as well as potential strategies to reverse protein energy wasting in patients undergoing maintenance dialysis.
  
  
  
  These recent data help to better identify the use of low protein diets supplemented with ketoacids/essential aminoacids during chronic kidney disease.
authors.affiliation: UCBL, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, University Lyon, Carmen, Cens, F-69622, Lyon, France. denis.fouque@chu-lyon.fr.|Department Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Chemin du grand revoyet, 69495, Pierre Bénite, France. denis.fouque@chu-lyon.fr.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9707-7199
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fouque
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department Nephrology and Internal Medicine, Dr Carol Davila Hospital of Nephrology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Liliana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garneata
authors.affiliation: Division Nephrology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Division Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.|Deparment Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Kamyar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kalantar-Zadeh
authors.affiliation: Division Nephrology and Hypertension, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.|David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Joel D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kopple
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Division, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Mitch
authors.affiliation: SS Nephrology, ASOU San Luigi, Departmentt of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Piccoli
authors.affiliation: Department Nephrol, Institute Clin Exp Med, Transpl Centre, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Teplan
authors.affiliation: Service de Néphrologie, CHU de Bordeaux & Aurad-Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chauveau
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D006801:Humans; D007651:Keto Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D018579:Patient Selection; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D007651:Keto Acids
keywords: Dialysis; Keto-analog; Ketoacid; Kidney disease; Low protein diet; Protein; Wasting