title: n-3 Fatty acids modulate the mRNA expression of the Nlrp3 inflammasome and Mtor in the liver of rats fed with high-fat or high-fat/fructose diets.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is evidence that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3-PUFAs) can inhibit mTORC1, which should potentiate autophagy and eliminate NLRP3 inflammasome activity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate the effect of a high-fat or high-fat/fructose diet with and without n-3-PUFAs on hepatic gene expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the mRNA expression by RT-PCR of Mtor, Nlrp3, and other 22 genes associated with inflammation in rats livers after a 9-week diet. The dietary regimens were low-fat (control, CD), high-fat (HF), high-fat/fructose (HF-Fr), and also each of these supplemented with n-3-PUFAs (CD-n-3-PUFAs, HF-n-3-PUFAs, and HF-Fr-n-3-PUFAs). These data were processed by GeneMania and STRING databases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the control, the HF group showed a significant increase (between p < 0.05 and p < 0.0001) in 20 of these genes (Il1b, Il18, Rxra, Nlrp3, Casp1, Il33, Tnf, Acaca, Mtor, Eif2s1, Eif2ak4, Nfkb1, Srebf1, Hif1a, Ppara, Ppard, Pparg, Mlxipl, Fasn y Scd1), and a decrease in Sirt1 (p < 0.05). With the HF-Fr diet, a significant increase (between p < 0.05 and p < 0.005) was also found in the expression of 16 evaluated genes (Srebf1, Mlxipl, Rxra, Abca1, Il33, Nfkb1, Hif1a, Pparg, Casp1, Il1b, Il-18, Tnf, Ppard, Acaca, Fasn, Scd1), along with a decrease in the transcription of Mtor and Elovl6 (p < 0.05). Contrarily, many of the genes whose expression increased with the HF and HF-Fr diets did not significantly increase with the HF-n-3-PUFAs or HF-Fr-n-3-PUFAs diet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found the interrelation of the genes for the mTORC1 complex, the NLRP3 inflammasome, and other metabolically important proteins, and that these genes respond to n-3-PUFAs.
authors.affiliation: a Laboratorio de Biología Molecular , Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Salvador Díaz Mirón , México , D.F , México ;
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Garay-Lugo
authors.affiliation: a Laboratorio de Biología Molecular , Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Salvador Díaz Mirón , México , D.F , México ;
authors.forename: Aarón
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Domínguez-Lopez
authors.affiliation: a Laboratorio de Biología Molecular , Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Salvador Díaz Mirón , México , D.F , México ;
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miliar García
authors.affiliation: a Laboratorio de Biología Molecular , Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Salvador Díaz Mirón , México , D.F , México ;
authors.forename: Eliud
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aguilar Barrera
authors.affiliation: a Laboratorio de Biología Molecular , Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Salvador Díaz Mirón , México , D.F , México ;
authors.forename: Modesto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gómez López
authors.affiliation: a Laboratorio de Biología Molecular , Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Salvador Díaz Mirón , México , D.F , México ;
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gómez Alcalá
authors.affiliation: a Laboratorio de Biología Molecular , Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Salvador Díaz Mirón , México , D.F , México ;
authors.forename: Maria de Los Angeles
authors.initials: Mde L
authors.lastname: Martínez Godinez
authors.affiliation: b Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Díaz Mirón , México , D.F , México.
authors.forename: Eleazar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lara-Padilla
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005632:Fructose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000276:immunology*; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000276:immunology; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein / Q000276:immunology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000276:immunology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D058847:Inflammasomes; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; C573346:Nlrp3 protein, rat; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D005632:Fructose; C546845:mTOR protein, rat; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
keywords: NLRP3 inflammasome; RT-PCR; high-fat diet; high-fat/fructose diet; mTOR complex; n-3 PUFAs; obesity