title: Development and validation of a decision aid for choosing among antithrombotic agents for atrial fibrillation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multiple antithrombotic agents are available for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF). A decision aid can assist patients in making informed decisions that best serves their needs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To validate a decision aid to assist patients in choosing between antithrombotic agents (antiplatelets, warfarin, direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs)) for AF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (60years or older) were recruited for this prospective study. The decision aid presented descriptions related to AF, then charts portraying important outcomes for comparisons between 1) no treatment, aspirin and anticoagulants, 2) warfarin versus DOACs, and 3) DOAC versus DOAC. The primary outcome was confidence in making treatment decisions. The secondary outcomes included change in knowledge scores, ratings of clarity, helpfulness and comprehensiveness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-one patients (mean age 75.2 [SD 7.5], 77% taking an anticoagulant) participated. After using the decision aid, mean decisional conflict score was low at 7.2 [SD 10.8] on a scale from 1 to 100. Mean knowledge score (total possible 10) improved from 7.4 [SD 1.7] to 9.3 [SD 1.0] (p<0.001). The mean helpfulness score in making a treatment choice was high at 6.2 [SD 0.9] on a scale from 1 to 7. No participant found the decision aid difficult to understand. Information in the decision aid was rated as good or excellent in terms of clarity and comprehensiveness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our decision aid addresses a key medication safety gap - assisting patients to participate in shared decisions about anticoagulation. Future research is required to evaluate how decision aids influence actual choices and clinical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Safoora
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fatima
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Clinical Pharmacology, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Canada. Electronic address: holbrook@mcmaster.ca.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Holbrook
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schulman
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Canada.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Canada.
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Troyan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Curnew
mesh_terms: D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents
keywords: Anticoagulants; Antithrombotic agents; Atrial fibrillation; Decision aids; Patient education; Validation studies