title: Confined, Oriented, and Electrically Anisotropic Graphene Wrinkles on Bacteria.
abstract: Curvature-induced dipole moment and orbital rehybridization in graphene wrinkles modify its electrical properties and induces transport anisotropy. Current wrinkling processes are based on contraction of the entire substrate and do not produce confined or directed wrinkles. Here we show that selective desiccation of a bacterium under impermeable and flexible graphene via a flap-valve operation produces axially aligned graphene wrinkles of wavelength 32.4-34.3 nm, consistent with modified Föppl-von Kármán mechanics (confinement ∼0.7 × 4 μm(2)). Further, an electrophoretically oriented bacterial device with confined wrinkles aligned with van der Pauw electrodes was fabricated and exhibited an anisotropic transport barrier (ΔE = 1.69 meV). Theoretical models were developed to describe the wrinkle formation mechanism. The results obtained show bio-induced production of confined, well-oriented, and electrically anisotropic graphene wrinkles, which can be applied in electronics, bioelectromechanics, and strain patterning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , 810 S. Clinton Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.
authors.forename: Shikai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Enlai
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Yanlei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago , 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.
authors.forename: Soumyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.affiliation: Department of Automotive Engineering, Clemson University , 4 Research Drive, Greenville, South Carolina 29607, United States.
authors.forename: Sreeprasad Theruvakkattil
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Sreenivasan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , 810 S. Clinton Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Behura
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago , 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.|Department of Physics and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago , 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Král
authors.affiliation: Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Zhiping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , 810 S. Clinton Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Berry
mesh_terms: D016880:Anisotropy; D001419:Bacteria; D004560:Electricity; D006108:Graphite; D049329:Nanostructures
chemical_list: D006108:Graphite
keywords: anisotropy; bacteria; bioelectromechanics; flap-valve; graphene; wrinkles