title: Seven days of high carbohydrate ingestion does not attenuate post-exercise IL-6 and hepcidin levels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This investigation examined if a high carbohydrate (CHO) diet, maintained across a seven-day training period, could attenuate post-exercise interleukin-6 (IL-6) and serum hepcidin levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve endurance-trained male athletes completed two seven-day running training blocks whilst consuming either a high (8 g kg(-1)) versus a low (3 g kg(-1)) CHO isoenergetic diet. Each training block consisted of five running sessions performed on days 1, 2, 4, 5, and 7, with the intensity and duration of each session matched between training weeks. Serum levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and hepcidin were measured pre- and either immediately (IL-6) or 3-h (hepcidin) post-exercise on days 1 and 7 of each training week.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During each training week, the immediate post-exercise IL-6 and 3-h post-exercise serum hepcidin levels were significantly elevated (both p = 0.001) from pre-exercise on days 1 and 7. These increases were not different between trials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the ingestion of a high (compared to low) CHO diet over a seven-day training period is ineffective in attenuating post-exercise IL-6 and hepcidin responses. Such results may be due to the modest training load, the increased protein intake in the low-CHO trial, and a 48 h recovery period prior to sample collection on day 7, allowing a full recovery of muscle glycogen status between exercise sessions.
authors.affiliation: School of Sport Science, The University of Western Australia Crawley, Exercise and Health M408, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia. claire.badenhorst@research.uwa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Claire E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Badenhorst
authors.affiliation: School of Sport Science, The University of Western Australia Crawley, Exercise and Health M408, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.affiliation: Sports Nutrition, Australian Institute of Sport, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Gregory R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.affiliation: Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, Western Australia.|School of Human Movement and Sport Science, Federation University, Mt Helen, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.|Hepcidinanalysis.com, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Coby M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Laarakkers
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.|Hepcidinanalysis.com, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dorine W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Swinkels
authors.affiliation: School of Sport Science, The University of Western Australia Crawley, Exercise and Health M408, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia.|Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, Western Australia.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peeling
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D064451:Hepcidins / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D064451:Hepcidins; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6
keywords: Endurance training; Inflammation; Iron metabolism; Nutrition