title: Effects of Five Bangladeshi Plant Extracts on In vitro Thrombolysis and Cytotoxicity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Piper Betle, Pterospermum acerifolium, Saraca indica, Argyreia speciosa, and Rhaphidophora glauca are medicinal plants commonly used as traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. To examine, whether organic extracts of these plants possess thrombolytic properties with minimal or no toxicity is our main aim of the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro thrombolytic model was used to check the clot lysis effects using streptokinase (SK) as a positive control and water as a negative control. Cytotoxicity was screened by brine shrimp lethality bioassay using vincristine sulfate (VS) as positive control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among herbal drugs, different organic extracts of P. betle, P. acerifolium, S. indica, A. speciosa, and R. glauca showed significant (P < 0.05 and P < 0.0001) clot lysis activity viz., 31.58% ±0.76%, 40.50% ±0.94%, 49.70% ±1.69%, 35.81% ±0.86%, and 43.80% ±0.91%, respectively, compared to reference drug SK (79.32% ±1.629%). In brine shrimp cytotoxic assay, mortality achieved by the extracts showed lethal concentration 50 (LC50) values 274.64 ± 3.46, 215.60 ± 4.59, 478.40 ± 6.98, 233.37 ± 2.56, and 209.32 ± 1.98 μg/ml, respectively, with reference to VS (LC50, 0.05 ± 0.34).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, S. indica, R. glauca, and P. acerifolium possessed effective thrombolytic activity. Further studies can be undertaken to identify certain structure of the ingredients in the extracts and to elucidate the precise mechanism of action.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Five Bangladesh medicinal plants, named Piper betle, Pterospermum acerifolium, Saraca indica, Argyreia speciosa, and Rhaphidophora glauca were subjected to comparative antithrombotic and toxicity based analysis. In comparative study, Saraca indica showed highest clot lysis (49.70 ± 1.69%) activity among the other plant with lowest toxicity (LC50: 478.40 ± 6.98) Abbreviations Used: h: Hour; min: Minutes; sec: Second; kg: Kilogram; g: Gram; μg: Microgram; L: Liter; mL: Millilitre; μL: Micro liter; μg/mL: Microgram per Milliliter; mg/kg: Milligram per kilogram; %: Percent; °C: Degree Celsius; et al.: et alliori (and others); w/w: Weight by Weight; v/v: Volume by Volume; SEM: Standard Error Mean; LC50: lethal concentration at 50.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University, Chittagong-4000, Bangladesh, India.
authors.forename: Raju
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dash
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University, Chittagong-4000, Bangladesh, India; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh, India.
authors.forename: Talha Bin
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Emran
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University, Chittagong-4000, Bangladesh, India.
authors.forename: Arkajyoti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University, Chittagong-4000, Bangladesh, India.
authors.forename: Mohammad Kutub Uddin
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Siddique
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University, Chittagong-4000, Bangladesh, India.
authors.forename: Mohammad Arfad
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University, Chittagong-4000, Bangladesh, India.
authors.forename: Md Golamur
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh, India.
authors.forename: Md Shahid
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sarwar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh, India.
authors.forename: Mir Muhammad
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Nasir Uddin
keywords: Argyreia speciosa; Piper betle; Pterospermum acerifolium; Rhaphidophora glauca; Saraca indica; thrombolysis