title: Serum Adiponectin Level May be an Independent Predictor of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether serum adiponectin or leptin level has the ability to differentiate clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) from other subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in a Chinese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 198 consecutive patients who were treated with radical or partial nephrectomy in our department from September 2011 to June 2013. Their histological types were all malignant, including clear cell, papillary, chromophobe and unclassified RCC. We also enrolled 86 people with no cancer or cancer-related diseases as normal controls. We measured patients' preoperative blood samples for plasma adiponectin and leptin concentrations using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Statistical methods were used to analyze ccRCC and other subtypes as they relate to serum adiponectin/leptin level and other factors such as body mass index or visceral fat area.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our database, normal controls had significantly higher circulating adiponectin (p < 0.001) and leptin levels (p < 0.001) than patients with RCC. Among the 198 RCC patients, 156 patients had ccRCC while 42 patients had other histological types. Serum adiponectin levels were lower in ccRCC patients than in non-clear-cell RCC patients (p = 0.004). However, the plasma leptin level was not differently distributed between ccRCC and non-ccRCC patients (p = 0.940). In multivariate analysis, we found that serum adiponectin level may be an independent predictor for discriminating ccRCC patients from others (p = 0.004). Furthermore, in the ccRCC subgroup, we observed that men with ccRCC had lower leptin (p < 0.001) and adiponectin (p = 0.002) levels, and diabetic patients had lower plasma adiponectin levels (p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower plasma adiponectin concentration was related to an increased incidence of ccRCC and may act as an independent predictor for ccRCC. Our study may help define the process from obesity to adipose tissue, to cytokines and finally to ccRCC.
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China.
authors.forename: Hongkai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China.
authors.forename: Junlong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China.
authors.forename: Weijie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China.
authors.forename: Beihe
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China.
authors.forename: Fangning
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China.
authors.forename: Hailiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China.
authors.forename: Guohai
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China.
authors.forename: Yijun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China.
authors.forename: Yiping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China.
authors.forename: Dingwei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ye
keywords: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC); adiponectin; leptin.; pathology