title: Ethanol-Extracted Brazilian Propolis Exerts Protective Effects on Tumorigenesis in Wistar Hannover Rats.
abstract: The present study was conducted over a course of 104 weeks to estimate the carcinogenicity of ethanol-extracted Brazilian green propolis (EEP). Groups of 50 male and 50 female Wistar Hannover rats, 6-week-old at commencement were exposed to EEP at doses of 0, 0.5 or 2.5% in the diet. Survival rates of 0.5% and 2.5% EEP-treated male and female rats, respectively, were significantly higher than those of respective control groups. Overall histopathological evaluation of neoplasms in rat tissues after 2 years showed no significant increase of tumors or preneoplastic lesions in any organ of animals administered EEP. Significantly lower incidences of pituitary tumors in 0.5% EEP male and 2.5% EEP female groups, malignant lymphoma/leukemia in both 2.5% EEP-treated males and females and total thyroid tumors in 0.5% EEP male group were found. Administration of EEP caused significant decreases of lymphoid hyperplasia of the thymus and lymph nodes in 2.5% EEP-treated rats, tubular cell hyperplasia of kidneys in all EEP groups, and cortical hyperplasia of adrenals in EEP-treated females. In the blood, significant reduction of neutrophils in all EEP-treated males and band neutrophils in 2.5% EEP-treated females was found indicating lower levels of inflammation. Total cholesterol and triglicerides levels were significantly lower in the blood of 2.5% EEP-treated female rats. In conclusion, under the conditions of the 2-year feeding experiment, EEP was not carcinogenic, did not induce significant histopathological changes in any organ, and further exerted anti-inflammatory and antitumorigenic effects resulting in increase of survival of Wistar Hannover rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-Ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1149-1450
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kakehashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-Ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-Ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-Ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Doi
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-Ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gi
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-Ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wanibuchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D011429:Propolis / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000431:Ethanol; D011429:Propolis