title: The molecular pattern of histopathological progression to anaplastic meningioma - A case report.
abstract: Meningiomas (MGs) are the most frequent primary tumours of the central nervous system (CNS) and exhibit a large spectrum of histological types and clinical phenotypes. The WHO classification of CNS tumours established strict diagnostic criteria of the benign (Grade 1), atypical (Grade 2) and anaplastic (Grade 3) subtypes. Combined with the resection rate, WHO grading has the most crucial role as the prognostic factor. Additionally, such biomarkers as Ki-67/MIB-1, progesterone receptors and phosphor-histone H3 were correlated with MG progression. Recently, it was suggested that the aggressive behaviour of some MGs is attributed to molecular alterations, regardless of their histopathology. The analysis of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosomes 1, 9, 10, 14 and 22 was performed. The presented case of WHO Grade 2 MG initially exhibited LOH at chromosomes 10, 14 and 22. In the first recurrence, the tumour genetic profiling revealed additional LOH at chromosome 1p and atypical histopathology. During the second recurrence, an aggressive phenotype was observed and tumour progressed to an anaplastic form. Considering the appearance of the tumour relapses, the set of molecular changes overtook the histopathological progression. The genetic and histopathological imbalance in the tumour progression in secondary anaplastic MGs has not been previously described. The evolution of genetic and histopathological changes was presented in the same patient. In the future, the individualised therapy of potentially more aggressive forms of MGs could be based on certain chromosome aberrations.
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgery Department, Regional Specialist Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Waldemar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Och
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgery Department, Regional Specialist Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kulbacki
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department, Regional Specialist Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Błażej
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Szostak
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sikorska
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zakrzewska
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgery Department, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland. Electronic address: tszmuda@gumed.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Szmuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Paweł P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Liberski
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgery Department, Regional Specialist Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Budzisz
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008297:Male; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D008579:Meningioma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: Anaplastic meningioma; Loss of heterozygosity; Meningioma; Molecular biology; Tumour progression