title: Molecular Signals Involved in Human B Cell Migration into the Retina: In Vitro Investigation of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and CXCL13.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  B cells participate in diverse retinal immunopathologies. Endothelial adhesion molecules and chemokines direct leukocyte trafficking. We examined the involvement of three molecular signals in retinal transendothelial migration of human B cells: ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and CXCL13.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral blood B cells were isolated by negative selection. Migration was studied in transwells populated with human retinal endothelial monolayers, using antibody to block ICAM-1 or VCAM-1. Retinal expression of CXCL13 was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  B cells crossed retinal endothelium. ICAM-1 blockade significantly reduced migration when results for all subjects were combined, and for a majority when results were analyzed by individual. This effect was irrespective of the presence or absence of CXCL13, although CXCL13 increased migration. CXCL13 was detected in neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium. Endothelial cells of some retinal vessels presented CXCL13 protein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ICAM-1 blockade may be an effective treatment in some patients with retinal diseases that involve B cells.
authors.affiliation: a Casey Eye Institute , Oregon Health & Science University , Portland , Oregon , USA.
authors.forename: Arpita S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bharadwaj
authors.affiliation: b Eye and Vision Health Laboratory , School of Medicine, Flinders University , Adelaide , Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Stempel
authors.affiliation: a Casey Eye Institute , Oregon Health & Science University , Portland , Oregon , USA.
authors.forename: Antoinette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olivas
authors.affiliation: a Casey Eye Institute , Oregon Health & Science University , Portland , Oregon , USA.
authors.forename: Samone E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Franzese
authors.affiliation: a Casey Eye Institute , Oregon Health & Science University , Portland , Oregon , USA.|b Eye and Vision Health Laboratory , School of Medicine, Flinders University , Adelaide , Australia.
authors.forename: Liam M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ashander
authors.affiliation: b Eye and Vision Health Laboratory , School of Medicine, Flinders University , Adelaide , Australia.
authors.forename: Yuefang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: b Eye and Vision Health Laboratory , School of Medicine, Flinders University , Adelaide , Australia.
authors.forename: Shervi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lie
authors.affiliation: b Eye and Vision Health Laboratory , School of Medicine, Flinders University , Adelaide , Australia.
authors.forename: Binoy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Appukuttan
authors.affiliation: a Casey Eye Institute , Oregon Health & Science University , Portland , Oregon , USA.|b Eye and Vision Health Laboratory , School of Medicine, Flinders University , Adelaide , Australia.
authors.forename: Justine R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D054382:Chemokine CXCL13 / Q000502:physiology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D012160:Retina / Q000502:physiology*; D055213:Retinal Pigment Epithelium / Q000502:physiology; D012171:Retinal Vessels; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D057705:Transendothelial and Transepithelial Migration / Q000502:physiology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C110663:CXCL13 protein, human; D054382:Chemokine CXCL13; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
keywords: B cell; CXCL; ICAM-1; human; retina13