title: Mechanisms by which acellular biologic scaffolds promote functional skeletal muscle restoration.
abstract: Acellular biologic scaffolds derived from extracellular matrix have been investigated in preclinical and clinical studies as a regenerative medicine approach for volumetric muscle loss treatment. The present manuscript provides a review of previous studies supporting the use of extracellular matrix derived biologic scaffolds for the promotion of functional skeletal muscle tissue formation that is contractile and innervated. The manuscript also identifies key mechanisms that have been associated with ECM-mediated skeletal muscle repair, and provides hypotheses as to why there have been variable outcomes, ranging from successful to unsatisfactory, associated with ECM bioscaffold implantation in the skeletal muscle injury microenvironment.
authors.affiliation: McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address: badylaks@upmc.edu.
authors.forename: Stephen F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Badylak
authors.affiliation: McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Jenna L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Dziki
authors.affiliation: McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Sicari
authors.affiliation: McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Fabrisia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ambrosio
authors.affiliation: McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Boninger
mesh_terms: D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D004867:Equipment Design; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry*; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology* / Q000254:growth & development*; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
keywords: Biologic scaffold; Extracellular matrix; Volumetric muscle loss