title: Uniaxial and biaxial tensile stress-stretch response of human linea alba.
abstract: There are few studies on the stress-stretch behaviour of human linea alba, yet understanding the mechanics of this tissue is important for developing better methods of abdominal wound closure. Published data focuses mainly on porcine linea alba and for human tissue there are conflicting results and no bi-axial data available. This variability is likely due to challenges with the physical dimensions of the tissue and differences in experimental methodology. This study focussed on the tensile mechanical characterisation of the human linea alba using uniaxial and equi-load biaxial testing performed using image-based strain measurement methods. Thirteen freshly frozen human cadaveric abdominal walls were obtained and used to prepare 7 samples in both the transverse and longitudinal directions for uniaxial testing, and 13 square samples for bi-axial testing. The results showed significant anisotropy and for the equi-load biaxial tests the deformation was heavily biased in the longitudinal direction. In comparison with similar tests on porcine tissue from a previous study, it was found that the response of porcine linea alba to uniaxial loading is similar to that of human linea alba, with no statistically significant differences observed. Under biaxial loading human and porcine linea showed no statistical significance in the difference between their means in the transverse direction. However, a significant difference was observed in the longitudinal direction, and further study of the respective tissue structures is needed to better understand this result. These results provide the first data on the biaxial tensile properties of human linea alba and can aid in an improved assessment of wound closure mechanics.
authors.affiliation: Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Parsons Building, Trinity College, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland. Electronic address: cooneyg@tcd.ie.
authors.forename: Gerard M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Cooney
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States. Electronic address: lake.s@seas.wustl.edu.
authors.forename: Spencer P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Lake
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States. Electronic address: thompsonni@wudosis.wustl.edu.
authors.forename: Dominic M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States. Electronic address: castiler@seas.wustl.edu.
authors.forename: Ryan M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Castile
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Department of Surgery, St. Vincent׳s University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland. Electronic address: des.winter@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Des C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.affiliation: Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Parsons Building, Trinity College, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland. Electronic address: csimms@tcd.ie.
authors.forename: Ciaran K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Simms
mesh_terms: D034861:Abdominal Wall / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D016880:Anisotropy; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002102:Cadaver; D006801:Humans; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013552:Swine; D013718:Tensile Strength
keywords: Abdominal wound closure; Biaxial tension; Human linea alba; Human versus porcine; Uniaxial tension