title: Process evaluation of two participatory approaches: Implementing total worker health® interventions in a correctional workforce.
abstract: Correctional Officers (COs) have among the highest injury rates and poorest health of all the public safety occupations. The HITEC-2 (Health Improvement Through Employee Control-2) study uses Participatory Action Research (PAR) to design and implement interventions to improve health and safety of COs.
  
  
  
  HITEC-2 compared two different types of participatory program, a CO-only "Design Team" (DT) and "Kaizen Event Teams" (KET) of COs and supervisors, to determine differences in implementation process and outcomes. The Program Evaluation Rating Sheet (PERS) was developed to document and evaluate program implementation.
  
  
  
  Both programs yielded successful and unsuccessful interventions, dependent upon team-, facility-, organizational, state-, facilitator-, and intervention-level factors.
  
  
  
  PAR in corrections, and possibly other sectors, depends upon factors including participation, leadership, continuity and timing, resilience, and financial circumstances. The new PERS instrument may be useful in other sectors to assist in assessing intervention success. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:897-918, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut. adugan@uchc.edu.
authors.forename: Alicia G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Dugan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Dana A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Farr
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Namazi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Henning
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Kelly N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Mazen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El Ghaziri
authors.affiliation: Department of Work Environment, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Punnett
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Dussetschleger
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Martin G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Cherniack
mesh_terms: D055812:Community-Based Participatory Research; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016272:Occupational Health / Q000592:standards; D060051:Occupational Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011330:Prisons; D016730:Program Development; D015397:Program Evaluation; D017751:Safety Management / Q000379:methods*; D012926:Social Control, Formal; D014481:United States
keywords: corrections; implementation; intervention design and analysis scorecard; occupational health; participatory action research; process evaluation; total worker health