title: A Teacher-Focused Intervention to Decrease PE Students' Amotivation by Increasing Need Satisfaction and Decreasing Need Frustration.
abstract: Intervention-induced gains in need satisfaction decrease PE students' amotivation. The present study adopted a dual-process model to test whether an intervention could also decrease need frustration and hence provide a second supplemental source to further decrease students' PE amotivation. Using an experimental, longitudinal research design, 19 experienced PE teachers (9 experimental, 10 control) and their 1,017 students participated in an intervention program to help teachers become both more autonomy supportive and less controlling. Multilevel repeated measures analyses showed that students of teachers in the experimental group reported greater T2, T3, and T4 perceived autonomy support, need satisfaction, and engagement and lesser T2, T3, and T4 perceived teacher control, need frustration, and amotivation than did students of teachers in the control group. Multilevel structural equation modeling analyses confirmed the hypothesized dual-process model in which both intervention-induced increases in need satisfaction and intervention-induced decreases need frustration decreased students' end-of-semester amotivation. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this new finding on the dual antecedents of diminished amotivation.
authors.affiliation: 1 Kangwon National University.
authors.forename: Sung Hyeon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Cheon
authors.affiliation: 2 Korea University.
authors.forename: Johnmarshall
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reeve
authors.affiliation: 2 Korea University.
authors.forename: Yong-Gwan
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005639:Frustration; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D010806:Physical Education and Training; D011582:Psychological Theory; D000070777:School Teachers; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013663:Teaching
keywords: amotivation; autonomy support; dual-process model; intervention; need frustration; need satisfaction