title: Success Rates of Conventional Versus Endoscope-Assisted Probing for Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction in Children 12 Years and Younger.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the success rates for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) treated with conventional probing versus endoscope-assisted probing.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective nonrandomized comparison of the success rates in children (0 to 12 years) with CNLDO who underwent conventional probing or endoscope-assisted probing. Success was defined as absence of tearing or negative fluorescein dye disappearance test. Stent was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 270 patients with CNLDO comprised the study population. The mean age was 37 months in the conventional probing group and 48.5 months in the endoscope-assisted probing group. The subjective and objective success rates were 76.1% and 75.9%, respectively, in the conventional probing group and 95.7% and 95.7%, respectively, in the endoscope-assisted probing group. The success rates were higher for both methods in the endoscope-assisted probing group (P < .005). The success rate decreased in older children in the conventional probing group (100% < 6 months; 62.5% > 48 months) and remained stable in the endoscope-assisted probing group (100% < 6 months; 97% > 48 months). Stent did not improve success.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscope-assisted probing increased success in older children and children with bilateral obstruction. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2016;53(5):292-299.].
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galindo-Ferreiro
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Akaishi
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: Rajiv
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khandekar
authors.forename: Saif
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dossari
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dufaileej
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galvez-Ruiz
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schellini
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007440:Intubation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D007767:Lacrimal Duct Obstruction / Q000151:congenital / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D009301:Nasolacrimal Duct / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome