title: Comparisons of GFR estimation using the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation and other creatinine-based equations in Asian population: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to summarize the evidence of the validation of CKD-EPI equation and alternative creatinine-based equations in Asian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relevant validation studies of CKD-EPI and other creatinine-based equations were identified by a systematic literature searching of PubMed conducted from January 2009 through August 2014. Searching terms included "CKD EPI", "Kidney function test [MeSH] and validation", and "Glomerular filtration rate [MeSH] and validation" without language or design of study restrictions. The quality of each study was assessed using Quality Assessment of diagnostic Accuracy studies-2 tool.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1064 studies identified, 10 studies were included in the present systematically review. The CKD-EPI equation has been validated in several Asian population including Thai, Japanese, Chinese, Taiwanese, Pakistani as well as Arabic. CKD-EPI equation met the clinically significant 75 % P30 value in several populations, although corrections of some factors may increase the accuracy of the equation. However, some populations may need to find more accurate equations or methods to estimate GFR for the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CKD-EPI is a good equation to start with for estimation of patients' renal function but for certain disease states and racial populations, the CKD-EPI should be validated before applying. More research is needed in order to develop validated eGFR equations for specific populations and to improve upon the accuracies of currently acceptable equations to better guide therapy and improve patient outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Care Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Ta-Poe, Meaung, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand. psudchada@gmail.com.|School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53702, USA. psudchada@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Patcharaporn
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8327-4282
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sudchada
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53702, USA.
authors.forename: Spencer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laehn
mesh_terms: D018912:Arabs; D044466:Asian People; D002681:China; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood*; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D055641:Mathematical Concepts; D010154:Pakistan; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013624:Taiwan; D013785:Thailand; D054928:Validation Studies as Topic
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine
keywords: Asian; CKD-EPI; Chronic kidney disease; Validation