title: A priori and a posteriori dietary patterns at the age of 1 year and body composition at the age of 6 years: the Generation R Study.
abstract: Dietary patterns have been linked to obesity in adults, however, not much is known about this association in early childhood. We examined associations of different types of dietary patterns in 1-year-old children with body composition at school age in 2026 children participating in a population-based cohort study. Dietary intake at the age of 1 year was assessed with a food-frequency questionnaire. At the children's age of 6 years we measured their body composition with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and we calculated body mass index, fat mass index (FMI), and fat-free mass index (FFMI). Three dietary pattern approaches were used: (1) An a priori-defined diet quality score; (2) dietary patterns based on variation in food intake, derived from principal-component-analysis (PCA); and (3) dietary patterns based on variations in FMI and FFMI, derived with reduced-rank-regression (RRR). Both the a priori-defined diet score and a 'Health-conscious' PCA-pattern were characterized by a high intake of fruit, vegetables, grains, and vegetable oils, and, after adjustment for confounders, children with higher adherence to these patterns had a higher FFMI at 6 years [0.19 SD (95 % CI 0.08;0.30) per SD increase in diet score], but had no different FMI. One of the two RRR-patterns was also positively associated with FFMI and was characterized by intake of whole grains, pasta and rice, and vegetable oils. Our results suggest that different a priori- and a posteriori-derived health-conscious dietary patterns in early childhood are associated with a higher fat-free mass, but not with fat mass, in later childhood.
authors.affiliation: The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. trudy.voortman@erasmusmc.nl.|Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. trudy.voortman@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: Trudy
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2830-6813
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Voortman
authors.affiliation: The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.|Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Elisabeth T M
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Leermakers
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Oscar H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.affiliation: The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.|Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.|Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Vincent W V
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Jaddoe
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Henriette A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Moll
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Edith H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: van den Hooven
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.|Leiden University College, The Hague, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jessica C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kiefte-de Jong
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Children; Diet; Dietary patterns; Fat mass; Fat-free mass; Obesity