title: The effectiveness of person-centred planning for people with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of Person-Centred Planning (PCP) on outcomes for individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) across the age range.
  
  
  METHODS
  The electronic databases PsycInfo, Embase, CINHAL, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Medline were searched for studies evaluating the impact of PCP on people with ID, published between 1990 and 2014; these were supplemented by manual searches of reference lists. Studies were considered irrespective of methodology, sample size and publication source, if outcomes reflected the impact of PCP on individuals with ID.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven quantitative, five qualitative and four mixed methods studies were included in the review. The overall quality of the evidence was low but suggestive that PCP may have a positive, yet moderate, impact on some outcomes for individuals with ID, particularly community-participation, participation in activities and daily choice-making. For other outcomes such as employment the findings were inconsistent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evidence supporting the effectiveness of PCP is limited and does not demonstrate that PCP can achieve radical transformations in the lives of people with ID. Clearer descriptions of PCP and its components are needed. Small-scale successful demonstrations of effectiveness exist, but its clinical, cost-effectiveness and wider implementation must be investigated in large scale studies.
authors.affiliation: University College London, Division of Psychiatry, 6th Floor Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7NF, United Kingdom. Electronic address: v.ratti.11@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ratti
authors.affiliation: University College London, Division of Psychiatry, 6th Floor Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7NF, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hassiotis
authors.affiliation: Tower Hamlets Community Learning Disability Service, Beaumont House, Mile End Hospital, Bancroft Road, London E1 4DG, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crabtree
authors.affiliation: Imperial College London, Department of Medicine, Centre for Mental Health, 7th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deb
authors.affiliation: Camden and Islington Foundation Trust, St Pancras Hospital, 4 St Pancras Way, London NW1 0PE, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.affiliation: University of Birmingham, School of Psychology, Frankland Building, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Unwin
mesh_terms: D002755:Choice Behavior; D004651:Employment; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010358:Patient Participation; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000379:methods*; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D011788:Quality of Life; D058992:Social Participation
keywords: Care; Intellectual disability; Learning disability; Outcomes; Person- centred planning; Systematic-review