title: Activation peptide of coagulation factor IX regulates endothelial permeability.
abstract: Endothelial hyperpermeability is involved in several critical illnesses, and its regulatory mechanisms have been intensively investigated. It was recently reported that the activation peptide of coagulation factor IX enhances cell matrix and intercellular adhesion. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of activation peptide of coagulation factor IX in intercellular adhesion of endothelial cells and evaluate its effects on endothelial permeability. In the presence of activation peptide, cells spread with lamellipodium-like broad protrusions multidirectionally, increasing the area of adhesion to matrix by 16% within 30 minutes. In intercellular adhesion, treatment with activation peptide induced overlapping of adjacent cell edges and remodeling of intercellular adhesion sites, with colocalization of the adherens junction proteins VE-cadherin and β-catenin and a marker protein of the lateral border recycling compartment, PECAM. Activation peptide decreased gaps between cells by 66% in cultured endothelial cells and suppressed increased endothelial cell monolayer permeability induced by interleukin-1β in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with activation peptide decreased eNOS protein expression and altered its subcellular distribution, decreasing intracellular cGMP. An analogue of cGMP suppressed the effects of activation peptide on cell spreading. In addition, the effect of activation peptide on hyperpermeability was investigated in mice injected with lipopolysaccharide. Intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide increased lung weight by 28%, and treatment with activation peptide significantly suppressed the increase in lung weight to 5%. Our results indicate that activation peptide of factor IX regulates endothelial intercellular adhesion and thus could be used in the treatment of vascular hyperpermeability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mamiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisataka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitano
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kokubun
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: hidai.chiaki@nihon-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hidai
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects*; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005164:Factor IX / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051379:Mice; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D005164:Factor IX; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III