title: How Do Simulated Error Experiences Impact Attitudes Related to Error Prevention?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this project was to determine whether simulated exposure to error situations changes attitudes in a way that may have a positive impact on error prevention behaviors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a stratified quasi-randomized experiment design, we compared risk perception attitudes of a control group of nursing students who received standard error education (reviewed medication error content and watched movies about error experiences) to an experimental group of students who reviewed medication error content and participated in simulated error experiences. Dependent measures included perceived memorability of the educational experience, perceived frequency of errors, and perceived caution with respect to preventing errors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Experienced nursing students perceived the simulated error experiences to be more memorable than movies. Less experienced students perceived both simulated error experiences and movies to be highly memorable. After the intervention, compared with movie participants, simulation participants believed errors occurred more frequently. Both types of education increased the participants' intentions to be more cautious and reported caution remained higher than baseline for medication errors 6 months after the intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides limited evidence of an advantage of simulation over watching movies describing actual errors with respect to manipulating attitudes related to error prevention. Both interventions resulted in long-term impacts on perceived caution in medication administration. Simulated error experiences made participants more aware of how easily errors can occur, and the movie education made participants more aware of the devastating consequences of errors.
authors.affiliation: From the School of Nursing (K.R.B.), Boise State University; Nursing Research and Education Specialist (R.L.D.), Saint Alphonsus Health System; and Patient Safety Research (M.C.W.), Saint Alphonsus Health System and Trinity Health, Boise, ID.
authors.forename: Karen R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Breitkreuz
authors.forename: Renae L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Dougal
authors.forename: Melanie C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D000066908:Simulation Training; D013338:Students, Nursing / Q000523:psychology*