title: Consensus-Based Recommendations for an Emergency Medicine Pain Management Curriculum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased prescribing of opioid pain medications has paralleled the subsequent rise of prescription medication-related overdoses and deaths. We sought to define key aspects of a pain management curriculum for emergency medicine (EM) residents that achieve the balance between adequate pain control, limiting side effects, and not contributing to the current public health opioid crisis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We convened a symposium to discuss pain management education in EM and define the needs and objectives of an EM-specific pain management curriculum. Multiple pertinent topics were identified a priori and presented before consensus work. Subgroups then sought to define perceived gaps and needs, to set a future direction for development of a focused curriculum, and to prioritize the research needed to evaluate and measure the impact of a new curriculum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The group determined that an EM pain management curriculum should include education on both opioid and nonopioid analgesics as well as nonpharmacologic pain strategies. A broad survey is needed to better define current knowledge gaps and needs. To optimize the impact of any curriculum, a modular, multimodal, and primarily case-based approach linked to achieving milestones is best. Subsequent research should focus on the impact of curricular reform on learner knowledge and patient outcomes, not just prescribing changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This consensus group offers a path forward to enhance the evidence, knowledge, and practice transformation needed to improve emergency analgesia.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Affiliated Emergency Medicine Residency, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Sabrina J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Poon
authors.affiliation: New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Lewis S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: Jason A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hoppe
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Jeanmarie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perrone
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: Margaret K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Sande
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Donald M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Yealy
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Akron General Medical Center, Akron, Ohio.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Beeson
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Knox H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York.
authors.forename: Sergey M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Motov
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Scott G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Weiner
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003479:Curriculum / Q000592:standards*; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D059408:Pain Management
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics
keywords: curriculum; emergency medicine residency; pain