title: Women's connectivity in extreme networks.
abstract: A popular stereotype is that women will play more minor roles than men as environments become more dangerous and aggressive. Our analysis of new longitudinal data sets from offline and online operational networks [for example, ISIS (Islamic State)] shows that although men dominate numerically, women emerge with superior network connectivity that can benefit the underlying system's robustness and survival. Our observations suggest new female-centric approaches that could be used to affect such networks. They also raise questions about how individual contributions in high-pressure systems are evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Manrique
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA.
authors.forename: Zhenfeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gabriel
authors.affiliation: Global Studies Institute and Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Horgan
authors.affiliation: Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, London WC1H 9EZ, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Department of Geography and Global Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33126, USA.
authors.forename: Elvira M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Restrepo
authors.affiliation: Department of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA.; Center for Computational Science, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wuchty
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA.
authors.forename: Chaoming
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012067:Religion; D012737:Sex Factors; D012919:Social Behavior; D061108:Social Media; D060756:Social Networking; D012944:Social Support; D014930:Women
keywords: ISIS; PIRA; centrality; women