title: The contribution of toll-like receptor 2 on Helicobacter pylori activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway in gastric epithelial cells.
abstract: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a spiral shaped gram-negative bacterium that induces immune responses in the gastric mucosa. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play important roles in mediating inflammatory cytokines by recognition of conserved molecular patterns on bacteria. Changes in the expression of toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR4 and the relative inflammatory cytokines were analyzed in normal gastric epithelial GES-1 cells following treatment with H. pylori or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (E. coli LPS) in order to investigate the contribution of TLRs in recognizing and mediating the inflammatory response to H. pylori, and study the differences in TLRs' performance between H. pylori and E. coli. Specific inhibitors for the declines in TLR2 and TLR4 were also employed. The results showed that H. pylori infection increased TLR2 expression in GES-1 cells, but TLR4 remained unchanged regardless of H. pylori or TLR2 small interfering RNA treatment. Furthermore, the secretion of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) induced by H. pylori was inhibited by declines in TLR2, but not in TLR4. In conclusion, TLR2 plays an even more important role than TLR4 not only in recognizing H. pylori, but also in the induction of inflammatory cytokines initiated by H. pylori. However, both TLR2 and TLR4 are necessary in mediating the inflammatory response to E. coli LPS.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Core Laboratory, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, PR China.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
authors.forename: Liju
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
authors.forename: Panpan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
authors.forename: Chong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
authors.forename: Xuege
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
authors.forename: Ningzhe
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
authors.forename: Jingshan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
authors.forename: Daoyan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Core Laboratory, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, PR China; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 18678, USA.
authors.forename: Guoku
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China. Electronic address: zj804@163.com.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000276:immunology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2
keywords: Cyclooxygenase-2; Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide; Helicobacter pylori; Toll-like receptor 2; Toll-like receptor 4