title: Unscrambling Mixed Elements using High Angle Annular Dark Field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy.
abstract: The development of new nanocrystals with outstanding physicochemical properties requires a full three-dimensional (3D) characterization at the atomic scale. For homogeneous nanocrystals, counting the number of atoms in each atomic column from high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy images has been shown to be a successful technique to get access to this 3D information. However, technologically important nanostructures often consist of more than one chemical element. In order to extend atom counting to heterogeneous materials, a new atomic lensing model is presented. This model takes dynamical electron diffraction into account and opens up new possibilities for unraveling the 3D composition at the atomic scale. Here, the method is applied to determine the 3D structure of Au@Ag core-shell nanorods, but it is applicable to a wide range of heterogeneous complex nanostructures.
authors.affiliation: EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Karel H W
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: van den Bos
authors.affiliation: EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Annick
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Backer
authors.affiliation: EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Gerardo T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Winckelmans
authors.affiliation: EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bals
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Nellist
authors.affiliation: EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Van Aert