title: Gentamicin Exposure and Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Preterm Infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of gentamicin exposure on sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Exposure to gentamicin was determined in infants born between 1993 and 2010 at a gestational age < 32 weeks and/or with a birthweight < 1500 g, who presented with SNHL during the first 5 years of life. For each case, we selected two controls matched for gender, gestational age, birthweight, and year of birth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 25 infants affected by SNHL, leading to an incidence of SNHL of 1.58% in our population of VLBW infants. The proportion of infants treated with gentamicin was 76% in the study group and 70% in controls (p = 0.78). The total cumulated dose of gentamicin administered did not differ between the study group (median 10.2 mg/kg, Q1-Q3 1.6-13.2) and the control group (median 7.9 mg/kg, Q1-Q3 0-12.8, p = 0.47). The median duration of gentamicin treatment was 3 days both in the study group and the control group (p = 0.58). Maximum predicted trough serum levels of gentamicin, cumulative area under the curve and gentamicin clearance were not different between cases and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The impact of gentamicin on SNHL can be minimized with treatments of short duration, monitoring of blood levels and dose adjustment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Service of Biomedicine, Department of Laboratories, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Neonatology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Neonatology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bickle Graz
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cherpillod
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Neonatology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Tolsa
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Service of Biomedicine, Department of Laboratories, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Buclin
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Neonatology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giannoni
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007228:Infant Nutrition Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D005839:Gentamicins