title: Externalizing religious health beliefs and health and well-being outcomes.
abstract: Certain religious beliefs related to perceptions of internal or external health control (including belief in the existence of miraculous healing, and beliefs deferring responsibility for health outcomes from the self and onto God) may be related to health behaviors and in turn to health outcomes. Using data from a nationally representative US survey of religion and health (N = 2948) this study evaluates a series of two structural equation models of the relationships between religious activity, externalizing religious health beliefs (belief in healing miracles and divine health deferral), health outcomes, and life satisfaction. Believing in healing miracles was related to greater divine health deferral. Greater divine health deferral was associated with poorer symptoms of physical health. Belief in miracles was related to greater life satisfaction. Comparison of coefficients across models indicated that externalizing beliefs had a significant suppressor effect on the relationship between religious activity and physical symptoms, but did not significantly mediate its relationship with life satisfaction. Religious beliefs emphasizing divine control over health outcomes may have negative consequences for health outcomes, although the same beliefs may contribute to a better sense of life satisfaction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA. rdhaywar@umich.edu.
authors.forename: R David
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hayward
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA.
authors.forename: Neal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.affiliation: University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ironson
authors.affiliation: Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Pargament
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D012067:Religion; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012919:Social Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Health behavior; Personal control; Religion; Structural equation modeling