title: New Preparative Approaches for Micro and Nano Drug Delivery Carriers.
abstract: The full success of pharmacological therapies is strongly depending on the use of suitable, efficient and smart drug delivery systems (DDSs). Thus DDSs development is one of the main challenges in pharmaceutical industry both to achieve tailored carrier systems based on drug features and to promote manufacturing innovations to reduce energetic resources, emissions, wastes and risks. Main functions of an ideal DDS are: to protect loaded active molecules from degradation in physiological environments; to deliver them in a controlled manner and towards specific organs or tissues, to allow the maintenance of drug concentration within therapeutic window. Smart features, such as those able to induce active molecule release upon the occurrence of specific physiological stimuli, are also desirable. Under the manufacturing point of view, the current industrial scenery is obliged to respond to the increasing market requirements and to the mandatory rules in sustainable productions such as raw material and energy savings. In this work a general framework on drug delivery systems preparation techniques is presented. In particular two sections on innovation in preparative approaches carried out are detailed. These latter involve the use of microwave and ultrasonic energy applied in the production of polymeric and lipidic delivery systems on micro- and nanometric scale. The novelties of these preparative approaches are emphasized and examples of developed drug delivery carriers, loaded with vitamins and drug mimicking siRNA, are shown.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bochicchio
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dalmoro
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), United States.
authors.forename: Anna Angela
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Barba
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: d'Amore
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lamberti
mesh_terms: D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D008055:Lipids / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D008872:Microwaves; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D008055:Lipids; D011108:Polymers; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D014815:Vitamins
keywords: Drug delivery system; micro- nano- liposomes; microwave; polymeric micro- nano- particles; process intensification; ultrasonic energy