title: Micro/Nanoparticle-Augmented Sonodynamic Therapy (SDT): Breaking the Depth Shallow of Photoactivation.
abstract: The fast development of photoactivation for cancer treatment provides an efficient photo-therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment, but traditional photodynamic or photothermal therapy suffers from the critical issue of low in vivo penetration depth of tissues. As a non-invasive therapeutic modality, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) can break the depth barrier of photoactivation because ultrasound has an intrinsically high tissue-penetration performance. Micro/nanoparticles can efficiently augment the SDT efficiency based on nanobiotechnology. The state-of-art of the representative achievements on micro/nanoparticle-enhanced SDT is summarized, and specific functions of micro/nanoparticles for SDT are discussed, from the different viewpoints of ultrasound medicine, material science and nanobiotechnology. Emphasis is put on the relationship of structure/composition-SDT performance of micro/nanoparticle-based sonosensitizers. Three types of micro/nanoparticle-augmented SDT are discussed, including organic and inorganic sonosensitizers and micro/nanoparticle-based but sonosensitizer-free strategies to enhance the SDT outcome. SDT-based synergistic cancer therapy augmented by micro/nanoparticles and their biosafety are also included. Some urgent critical issues and potential developments of micro/nanoparticle-augmented SDT for efficient cancer treatment are addressed. It is highly expected that micro/nanoparticle-augmented SDT will be quickly developed as a new and efficient therapeutic modality which will find practical applications in cancer treatment. At the same time, fundamental disciplines regarding materials science, chemistry, medicine and nanotechnology will be advanced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212002, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University & Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China. zhengyuanyi@sjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yuanyi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramic and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China. chenyu@mail.sic.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
keywords: cancer therapy; micro/nanoparticles; nanomedicine; nanotechnology; sonodynamic therapy