title: Measurements of extinct fission products in nuclear bomb debris: Determination of the yield of the Trinity nuclear test 70 y later.
abstract: This paper describes an approach to measuring extinct fission products that would allow for the characterization of a nuclear test at any time. The isotopic composition of molybdenum in five samples of glassy debris from the 1945 Trinity nuclear test has been measured. Nonnatural molybdenum isotopic compositions were observed, reflecting an input from the decay of the short-lived fission products (95)Zr and (97)Zr. By measuring both the perturbation of the (95)Mo/(96)Mo and (97)Mo/(96)Mo isotopic ratios and the total amount of molybdenum in the Trinity nuclear debris samples, it is possible to calculate the original concentrations of the (95)Zr and (97)Zr isotopes formed in the nuclear detonation. Together with a determination of the amount of plutonium in the debris, these measurements of extinct fission products allow for new estimates of the efficiency and yield of the historic Trinity test.
authors.affiliation: Nuclear and Radiochemistry Group, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 skhanson@lanl.gov hds@lanl.gov woldham@lanl.gov.
authors.forename: Susan K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.affiliation: Nuclear and Radiochemistry Group, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545.
authors.forename: Anthony D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Pollington
authors.affiliation: Nuclear and Radiochemistry Group, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545.
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Waidmann
authors.affiliation: Nuclear and Radiochemistry Group, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545.
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kinman
authors.affiliation: Nuclear and Radiochemistry Group, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545.
authors.forename: Allison M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Wende
authors.affiliation: Nuclear and Radiochemistry Group, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545.
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Nuclear and Radiochemistry Group, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545.
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.affiliation: Nuclear and Radiochemistry Group, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 skhanson@lanl.gov hds@lanl.gov woldham@lanl.gov.
authors.forename: Warren J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Oldham
authors.affiliation: Nuclear and Radiochemistry Group, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 skhanson@lanl.gov hds@lanl.gov woldham@lanl.gov.
authors.forename: Hugh D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Selby
keywords: nuclear forensics; nuclear testing; stable isotope perturbation measurements; treaty monitoring