title: Evidence of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of Plinia edulis leaf infusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plinia edulis (Vell.) Sobral (Myrtaceae) is native and endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. Popularly known as "cambucá", it has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of stomach disorders, diabetes, bronchitis, inflammation and as tonic. Although there are numerous records concerning its popular use as analgesic and anti-inflammatory, scientific information regarding these pharmacological activities is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity of P. edulis leaf infusion (AEPe) in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The acetic acid-induced writhing response and mechanical nociceptive paw tests were used to evaluate the antinociceptive activity. Carrageenan-induced paw edema and lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis were used to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity. The substances in AEPe were identified by HPLC-MS analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the test doses 30-300mg/kg p.o., AEPe has clearly exhibited anti-inflammatory effects, reducing carrageenan-induced paw edema and inhibiting leukocyte recruitment into the peritoneal cavity. The infusion has shown significant antinociceptive activity in both models of nociception. Gallic acid, myricitrin, guaijaverin, quercitrin, quercetin, corosolic acid, maslinic acid, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid were identified in AEPe.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  P. edulis infusion presented antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in all experiments realized in this study, which could be related to the presence of triterpenoids and flavonoids. These results provide scientific support for the traditional use of this species in the management of pain and inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-000 Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lara F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Drugs, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-000 Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Simone Maria da
authors.initials: SMD
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05599-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucas B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.affiliation: Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05599-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lydia F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-000 Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Giovani O
authors.initials: CGO
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-000 Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roseli
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Soncini
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Drugs, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-000 Alfenas, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: tati.unifal@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tati
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid; D000700:Analgesics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002351:Carrageenan; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D027822:Myrtaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D059225:Nociception / Q000187:drug effects*; D059226:Nociceptive Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002351:Carrageenan; D019342:Acetic Acid
keywords: Anti-inflammatory; Antinociceptive; Flavonoids; Myrtaceae; Plinia edulis; Triterpenoids