title: The Presence of Stimulant Drugs in Wastewater from Krakow (Poland): A Snapshot.
abstract: An analysis of wastewater from Krakow (Poland) for the presence of controlled and uncontrolled stimulant drugs of abuse was performed. Samples were collected from the Plaszow wastewater treatment plant, Krakow, Poland, and prepared by solid phase extraction. The LC-QTOFMS method was applied for identification and quantification of popular stimulants: MDMA, mephedrone, 4-MEC, MDPV and mCPP. Environmental loads of illicit drugs were calculated; the WWTP discharged loads ranging from 3.6 to 6.7 mg day(-1) 1000 inhabitants(-1) of MDMA, 3.6 to 7.1 mg day(-1) 1000 inhabitants(-1) of mephedrone and 4.8 to 5.8 mg day(-1) 1000 inhabitants(-1) of 4-MEC. The results confirmed the growing popularity of new psychoactive substances in Poland.
authors.affiliation: Department of Coal Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland. styszko@agh.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Styszko
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forensic Research, Westerplatte 9, 31-033, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dudarska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forensic Research, Westerplatte 9, 31-033, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zuba
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000032:analysis*; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs; D008694:Methamphetamine; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C548233:mephedrone
keywords: Illicit drugs; LC–ESI–QTOF–MS; Solid phase extraction; Wastewater analysis