title: Polymerization stress of experimental composites containing random short glass fibers.
abstract: To test the null hypotheses that (1) the replacement of particles by short fibers does not affect polymerization stress (PS), flexural modulus (FM) or volumetric shrinkage (VS) of experimental composites and (2) PS is not affected by specimen thickness.
  
  
  
  Three experimental composites were prepared, each containing similar mass fractions of BisGMA and TEGDMA and 60 vol% of fillers, being 0%, 3% or 6% constituted by 1.6-mm long glass fibers and the remaining by 1μm glass particles. PS (n=5) was tested in a high compliance system, using two specimen heights (1.5mm and 4.0mm). VS and maximum shrinkage rate were obtained in a mercury dilatometer (n=3). FM was tested in three-point bending (n=10). As an additional control, a commercial composite (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE) was tested. Data were recorded 10min after the onset of photoactivation and analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey test (FM only) and Kruskal-Wallis (alpha: 5%).
  
  
  
  At both specimen heights, the composite with 3% of fibers presented significantly higher PS than the controls (which showed similar PS values). Replacing 6% of particles by fibers did not increase PS significantly. FM was reduced in the presence of fibers, and 6% of fibers led to a decrease in VS. Shrinkage rate was not affected by the fibers.
  
  
  
  Replacing 3vol% of particles by fibers resulted in significantly higher PS, which was associated to a decrease in FM compared to the control. PS was not affected by specimen height for any of the tested materials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anne C E
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bocalon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mita
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Livia C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Natale
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA.
authors.forename: Carmem S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Pfeifer
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: rrbraga@usp.br.
authors.forename: Roberto R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Braga
mesh_terms: D003188:Composite Resins; D005898:Glass; D008422:Materials Testing; D058105:Polymerization
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; C009753:fiberglass
keywords: Composite; Flexural modulus; Glass fiber; Polymerization stress; Shrinkage