title: Prevalence of Type II diabetes in District Dir Lower in Pakistan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence of type II diabetes and pre-diabetes and its risk factors in the District Dir Lower Pakistan.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a population based cross--sectional analysis of 1650 individuals of age 20--80 years, using cluster random sampling technique. After an overnight fast, diabetes and pre-diabetes were analyzed according to the World Health Organization recommendation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes was 11.1% and 16.0%, respectively. Type II diabetes was found 11.0% in female and 11.2% in male subjects. Stepwise multiple logistic regression showed that growing age, positive family history, body mass index (obesity), hypertension, exercise (less physical activates), education, monthly income, are statistically significant risk factors with type II diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that type II diabetes has become a main health problem in District Dir Lower and better strategies are required to handle this problem.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Sohail Akhtar, PhD (UK). Department of Statistics, University of Malakand, Lower dir, KP, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sohail
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akhtar
authors.affiliation: Zahid Khan (M.Phil Candidate). Department of Statistics, University of Malakand, Lower dir, KP, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Zahid
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Muhammad Rafiq (M.Phil) Department of Statistics, University of Malakand, Lower dir, KP, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rafiq
authors.affiliation: Ajmal Khan (M.Phil Candidate). Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ajmal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khan
keywords: BMI; Exercise; Hypertension; Type II diabetes