title: Could angiotensin-(1-7) be connected with improvement of microvascular function in diabetic patients? Angiotensin-(1-7) iontophoresis may provide the answer.
abstract: Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder with significant global health care burden, causes chronic microvascular and macrovascular complications that still comprise a therapeutic challenge. Angiotensin-(1-7), a heptapeptide with vasodilatory properties, has been found to restore vascular reactivity and endothelial cell function, mostly in experiments on larger isolated animal vessels and in cell cultures. The presented hypothesis suggests that angiotensin-(1-7) might have beneficial effects on microvascular function that is damaged in diabetic patients, alleviating endothelial dysfunction and increasing microvascular reactivity to various vasoactive agents in diabetes. It is further proposed that iontophoresis with angiotensin-(1-7) might be used to explore this potential beneficial effect, as well as provide a possible future therapeutic delivery method for angiotensin-(1-7). Since other peptides and proteins have been previously tested and used in iontophoretic transdermal delivery, it is plausible that angiotensin-(1-7) would be a suitable candidate for transdermal iontophoretic application for research (and potentially therapeutic) purposes. If confirmed, the delineated hypothesis would have immense implications for more effective care of diabetic patients, as well as for better understanding of microcirculatory pathophysiological mechanisms in diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department for Heart and Vascular Diseases, Internal Medicine Clinic, Osijek University Hospital, Croatia; Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, J.Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia. Electronic address: alekibel@mefos.hr.
authors.forename: Aleksandar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kibel
mesh_terms: D000803:Angiotensin I / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007478:Iontophoresis / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D008833:Microcirculation; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; D000803:Angiotensin I; C118790:angiotensin I (1-7)
keywords: Angiotensin-(1–7); Diabetes mellitus; Endothelial dysfunction; Iontophoresis; Microcirculation