title: Kinesiophobia and its relation to pain characteristics and cognitive affective variables in older adults with chronic pain.
abstract: The contribution of kinesiophobia (fear of movement) to the pain experience among older adults has been poorly evaluated. The aim of this study was to study prevalence at baseline, development over a 12-month period and cognitive-affective variables of kinesiophobia in a population-based sample of older adults with chronic pain.
  
  
  
  The study included 433 older adults (+65 years) with chronic pain (mean age 74.8 years) randomly selected using a Swedish register of inhabitants. Kinesiophobia was measured at baseline and 12-month follow-up with the 11-item version of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-11). Associations of demographic-, cognitive affective - and pain-related variables to kinesiophobia were analysed with linear regression analyses.
  
  
  
  The mean level of kinesiophobia was low. Worsening and recovering from kinesiophobia occurred over time, but the mean level of kinesiophobia remained unchanged (p = 0.972). High levels of kinesiophobia (TSK ≥35) were found among frailer and older adults predominately living in care homes, but not dependent on sex. Poor self-perceived health (OR = 8.84) and high pain intensity (OR = 1.22) were significantly associated with kinesiophobia.
  
  
  
  Results indicate that potential interventions regarding kinesiophobia among older adults should aim to decrease pain intensity and strengthen health beliefs.
authors.affiliation: Center for Primary Health Care Research, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Building 28, floor 11, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden. caroline.larsson@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7943-5976
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ekvall Hansson
authors.affiliation: Center for Primary Health Care Research, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Building 28, floor 11, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden.|Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sundquist
authors.affiliation: Center for Primary Health Care Research, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Building 28, floor 11, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jakobsson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003071:Cognition; D005239:Fear / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D017567:Karnofsky Performance Status; D018953:Kinesiology, Applied / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D011580:Psychological Techniques; D012649:Self Concept; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden
keywords: Chronic pain; Kinesiophobia; Older adults; Prevalence