title: Calling rate, corticosterone plasma levels and immunocompetence of Hypsiboas albopunctatus.
abstract: During the breeding season, male anuran amphibians produce advertisement calls. Androgens play a permissive role in the activation of calling activity, which is often positively correlated to androgen plasma levels and testes mass. Additionally, calling effort is also correlated to corticosterone plasma levels (hereinafter referred to as CORT), which is associated with the mobilization of energy substrates to sustain the high energy flux associated with this activity. However, high CORT also has many immunosuppressive effects and might interfere with reproduction. Consequently, CORT might mediate a compromise between reproductive effort and immunocompetence in anurans. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between calling rate, immunocompetence, and CORT in Hypsiboas albopunctatus, a midsize anuran occurring in South America. To understand these relationships, we conducted focal observations of calling behavior, followed by blood collection for CORT measurements and evaluation of some immune parameters. Our results showed that individuals with larger testes had higher calling rates, and those with higher calling rates showed lower cell-mediated immune response (swelling response to phytohaemagglutinin), although these relationships were not mediated by CORT. Furthermore, males calling early in the evening showed high CORT, and individuals with lower body condition index had higher CORT. We conclude that calling activity shows a cost in terms of cellular immune response in H. albopunctatus, but this compromise does not appear to be mediated by glucocorticoid plasma levels.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: stefannychristie@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Stefanny Christie Monteiro
authors.initials: SCM
authors.lastname: Titon
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vania Regina
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: de Assis
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Braz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Titon
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana Maria Giorgi
authors.initials: AMG
authors.lastname: Barsotti
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
authors.forename: Sarah Perry
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Flanagan
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando Ribeiro
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Gomes
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007121:Immunocompetence / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D014828:Vocalization, Animal / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D003345:Corticosterone
keywords: Amphibian; Calling behavior; Corticosterone; Immunocompetence; PHA