title: Peptide conjugated magnetic nanoparticles for magnetically mediated energy delivery to lung cancer cells.
abstract: In the present study, we examine the effects of internalized peptide-conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles and their ability to locally convert alternating magnetic field (AMF) energy into other forms of energy (e.g., heat and rotational work).
  
  
  
  Dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles were functionalized with a cell penetrating peptide and after internalization by A549 and H358 cells were activated by an AMF.
  
  
  
  TAT-functionalized nanoparticles and AMF exposure increased reactive oxygen species generation compared with the nanoparticle system alone. The TAT-functionalized nanoparticles induced lysosomal membrane permeability and mitochondrial membrane depolarization, but these effects were not further enhanced by AMF treatment. Although not statistically significant, there are trends suggesting an increase in apoptosis via the Caspase 3/7 pathways when cells are exposed to TAT-functionalized nanoparticles combined with AMF.
  
  
  
  Our results indicate that internalized TAT-functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles activated by an AMF elicit cellular responses without a measurable temperature rise.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
authors.forename: Anastasia K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberly W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
authors.forename: J Zach
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Hilt
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053179:Caspase 7 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D008280:Magnetics; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C497137:tat peptide (47-57), Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D053148:Caspase 3; D053179:Caspase 7
keywords: TAT; cell penetrating peptide; iron oxide nanoparticles; magnetically medicated energy delivery; reactive oxygen species