title: Double-dissociation between the mechanism leading to impulsivity and inattention in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A resting-state functional connectivity study.
abstract: Two core symptoms characterize Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) subtypes: inattentiveness and hyperactivity-impulsivity. While previous brain imaging research investigated ADHD as if it was a homogenous condition, its two core symptoms may originate from different brain mechanisms. We, therefore, hypothesized that the functional connectivity of cortico-striatal and attentional networks would be different between ADHD subtypes. We studied 165 children (mean age 10.93 years; age range, 7-17 year old) diagnosed as having ADHD based on their revised Conner's rating scale score and 170 typical developing individuals (mean age 11.46 years; age range, 7-17 year old) using resting state functional fMRI. Groups were matched for age, IQ and head motion during the MRI acquisition. We fractionated the ADHD group into predominantly inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive and combined subtypes based on their revised Conner's rating scale score. We then analyzed differences in resting state functional connectivity of the cortico-striatal and attentional networks between these subtypes. We found a double dissociation of functional connectivity in the cortico-striatal and ventral attentional networks, reflecting the subtypes of the ADHD participants. Particularly, the hyperactive-impulsive subtype was associated with increased connectivity in cortico-striatal network, whereas the inattentive subtype was associated with increased connectivity in the right ventral attention network. Our study demonstrated for the first time a right lateralized, double dissociation between specific networks associated with hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattentiveness in ADHD children, providing a biological basis for exploring symptom dimensions and revealing potential targets for more personalized treatments.
authors.affiliation: Natbrainlab, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science (FANS), Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK; Sackler Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of FANS, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanefuji
authors.affiliation: Natbrainlab, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science (FANS), Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK; Sackler Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of FANS, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK; National Autism Unit, National Services Directorate, Bethlam Royal Hospital, SLAM NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.affiliation: Natbrainlab, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science (FANS), Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK; Sackler Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of FANS, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Parlatini
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
authors.forename: Mitul A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.affiliation: Natbrainlab, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science (FANS), Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK; Sackler Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of FANS, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
authors.forename: Declan G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: Natbrainlab, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science (FANS), Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK; Sackler Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of FANS, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK; Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Catani
authors.affiliation: Inserm U1127, UPMC-Paris6, UMR_S 975, CNRS UMR 7225, Brain and Spine Institute, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpetrière, Paris, France; Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Group, FrontLab, Brain and Spine Institute, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cerliani
authors.affiliation: Natbrainlab, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science (FANS), Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK; Sackler Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of FANS, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK; Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK; Inserm U1127, UPMC-Paris6, UMR_S 975, CNRS UMR 7225, Brain and Spine Institute, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpetrière, Paris, France; Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Group, FrontLab, Brain and Spine Institute, Paris, France. Electronic address: michel.thiebaut@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thiebaut de Schotten
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: ADHD subtypes; Cortico-striatal; Fronto-parietal; Functional connectivity; Inter-individual variability