title: Trans fatty acids and cholesterol levels: An evidence map of the available science.
abstract: High intakes of industrial trans fatty acids (iTFA) increase circulating low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, which has implicated iTFA in coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Published data on iTFA and LDL-C, however, represent higher intake levels than the U.S. population currently consume. This study used state-of-the-art evidence mapping approaches to characterize the full body of literature on LDL-C and iTFA at low intake levels. A total of 32 independent clinical trials that included at least one intervention or control group with iTFA at ≤3%en were found. Findings indicated that a wide range of oils and interventions were used, limiting the ability to determine an isolated effect of iTFA intake. Few data points were found for iTFA at <3%en, with the majority of low-level exposures actually representing control group interventions containing non-partially hydrogenated (PHO) oils. Further, it appears that few dose-response data points are available to assess the relationship of low levels of iTFA, particularly from PHO exposure, and LDL-C. Therefore, limited evidence is available to determine the effect of iTFA at current consumption levels on CHD risk.
authors.affiliation: Biofortis Clinical Research, Addison, IL, USA. Electronic address: deann.liska@mxns.com.
authors.forename: DeAnn J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Liska
authors.affiliation: Biofortis Clinical Research, Addison, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Chad M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.affiliation: D & V Systematic Evidence Review Consulting, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
authors.forename: Ding Ding
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: ILSI North America (Formerly), The Sugar Association (Presently), Washington, DC, 20005, USA.
authors.forename: P Courtney
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Gaine
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, USA.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Baer
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D044242:Trans Fatty Acids; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Cholesterol; Margarine; Trans fats