title: A comparison between the effects of propofol-fentanyl with propofol-ketamine for sedation in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography outside the operating room.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The efficient and secure techniques of anesthesia and sedation have always been needed for. One of these procedures is endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), due to its painfulness and long duration, has high sensitivity. We compare the effects of propofol-fentanyl (PF) with propofol-ketamine (PK) to sedate patients undergoing ERCP.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this clinical trial, patients were divided into two groups of 49 people. A group received a pharmaceutical combination of PK, and another group received a pharmaceutical combination of PF. Vital signs of patients, Ramsey Sedation Score, and pain of patients were assessed. The total dosage of used propofol was also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference seen in the patients' hemodynamic characteristics in both groups. Pain at the end of surgery and an hour after it in the PK group was less that was not statistically significant. By Ramsey Sedation Score also significant differences were not seen between groups (p = 0.68). By using total dose of propofol used also a significant difference was not observed between the two groups (p = 0.36). Rate of apnea in PK group was 32% and in the PF group was 63%, which this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A comparison between the two drugs combination shows that although in terms of hemodynamic and sedation criteria both groups were similar, but because of the lower amount of pain and apnea in the PK group, this combination may generally in the ERCP procedure is more efficient and safer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Electronic address: rezaakh@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Akhondzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghomeishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Sholeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nesioonpour
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, Razi Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Sanaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nourizade
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009873:Operating Rooms; D015742:Propofol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007649:Ketamine; D005283:Fentanyl; D015742:Propofol
keywords: Deep sedation; Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; Fentanyl; Ketamine; Propofol