title: Gamma Knife Surgery for Cavernous Sinus Hemanginoma: A Report of 32 Cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cavernous sinus hemangioma (CSH) is a rare type of benign vascular tumor. Microsurgery for CSH treatment usually results in profuse bleeding and cranial nerve injury. Radiosurgery is an alternative treatment for CSH. The objective of this study was to elucidate the efficacy and safety of gamma knife surgery (GKS) for the treatment of CSH.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 32 patients with CSH underwent 34 times of GKS as a primary and exclusive treatment from 2009 to 2015 at West China Hospital. The diagnosis was mainly based on findings of magnetic resonance imaging. The treatment was performed with the Leksell Gamma Knife model C. The follow-up period was from 12-67 months. Changes in imaging results and signs or symptoms were analyzed. Studies of patients who had undergone radiosurgery and microsurgery were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical improvement was observed after GKS in 26 of 27 patients who presented with signs or symptoms of CSH. Tumor shrinkage was detected in all cases. A reduction in tumor volume of 0-25%, 26%-50%, 51%-75%, and 76%-100% was observed in 3, 2, 8, and 19 cases, respectively. Remarkable tumor shrinkage occurred within 6-12 months after GKS. According to a retrospective analysis of 151 patients diagnosed with CSH, 77 patients underwent GKS without any complications, 17 of 74 patients were treated with microsurgery and exhibited persistent complications, and 1 patient died.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GKS is a safe and effective treatment for most cases of CSH. The concept of GKS as an adjuvant treatment for CSH requires reconsideration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xin J
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yang Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: wcnsww@163.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002426:Cavernous Sinus; D005260:Female; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D047368:Tumor Burden; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cavernous sinus hemangioma; Gamma knife; Stereotactic radiosurgery