title: The effect of psychosocial stress on muscle activity during computer work: Comparative study between desktop computer and mobile computing products.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The popularity of mobile computing products is well known. Thus, it is crucial to evaluate their contribution to musculoskeletal disorders during computer usage under both comfortable and stressful environments.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study explores the effect of different computer products' usages with different tasks used to induce psychosocial stress on muscle activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen male subjects performed computer tasks: sixteen combinations of four different computer products with four different tasks used to induce stress. Electromyography for four muscles on the forearm, shoulder and neck regions and task performances were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The increment of trapezius muscle activity was dependent on the task used to induce the stress where a higher level of stress made a greater increment. However, this relationship was not found in the other three muscles. Besides that, compared to desktop and laptop use, the lowest activity for all muscles was obtained during the use of a tablet or smart phone. The best net performance was obtained in a comfortable environment. However, during stressful conditions, the best performance can be obtained using the device that a user is most comfortable with or has the most experience with.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different computer products and different levels of stress play a big role in muscle activity during computer work. Both of these factors must be taken into account in order to reduce the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders or problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.|Department of Material, Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd Firdaus Mohd
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Taib
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sangwoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Myung Hwan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Yun
mesh_terms: D016287:Computer Peripherals; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008838:Microcomputers; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis
keywords: Electromyography; performance; trapezius; typing activity; visual display unit