title: Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance Removal Efficiencies Using Ozone Disinfection under Different pH and Suspended Solids and Humic Substance Concentrations.
abstract: This study mainly evaluated the effectiveness of ozonation toward the enhancement of the removal efficiencies of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), pB10 plasmid transfer, and pB10 plasmids under different pH and suspended solids (SS) and humic acid concentrations. First, chlorination was tested as a reference disinfection process. Chlorination at a very high dose concentration of Cl2 (75 mg L(-1)) and a long contact time (10 min) were required to achieve approximately 90% ARB and pB10 plasmid transfer removal efficiencies. However, even these stringent conditions only resulted in a 78.8% reduction of pB10 plasmid concentrations. In case of ozonation, the estimated CT (concentration × contact time) value (at C0 = 7 mg L(-1)) for achieving 4-log pB10 plasmid removal efficiency was 127.15 mg·min L(-1), which was 1.04- and 1.25-fold higher than those required for ARB (122.73 mg·min L(-1)) and a model nonantibiotic resistant bacterial strain, E. coli K-12, (101.4 mg·min L(-1)), respectively. In preventing pB10 plasmid transfer, ozonation achieved better performance under conditions of higher concentrations of humic acid and lower pH. Our study results demonstrated that the applicability of CT concept in practice, conventionally used for disinfection, might not be appropriate for antibiotic resistance control in the wastewater treatment process. Further studies should be conducted in wastewater engineering on how to implement multiple barriers including disinfection to prevent ARB and ARG discharge into the environment.
authors.forename: Gijung
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pak
authors.forename: Dennis Espineli
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Salcedo
authors.affiliation: Water & Environment R&D Team, Research & Development Division, Hyundai Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd. , Seoul 110-920, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hansaem
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Junsik
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Sung Kyu
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Maeng
authors.affiliation: Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Guen
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seok Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Hyun-Chul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University , 500 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States.
authors.forename: Kartik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chandran
authors.forename: Sungpyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D004203:Disinfection; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004926:Escherichia coli; D006812:Humic Substances; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010126:Ozone; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D006812:Humic Substances; D010126:Ozone