title: Achievements and Limitations of Evidence-Based Medicine.
abstract: Evidence-based medicine (EBM) has a long history, but was revived in the early 1990s by a campaign mounted by a movement that took its name. The EBM movement focused attention on the need for greater objectivity in medical decision-making and led to the Cochrane Collaboration, which provides reviews of evidence on the basis of comparative research. Important limitations of EBM's effect on medicine have also emerged. Failure to acknowledge the limitations of clinical trials and systematic reviews has limited their applicability to individual patients' circumstances. An almost exclusive focus on drugs and devices has left vast areas of health care in an evidence vacuum. An overdependence on commissions for its research may have limited its independence in selecting what it investigates. EBM needs to widen its scope beyond drugs and devices to address many areas that often lack evidence at present, notably, health policy, management, and reforms.
authors.affiliation: Division of National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: d.sheridan@ic.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Desmond J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Sheridan
authors.affiliation: Netherhall Gardens, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Desmond G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Julian
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D000066491:Clinical Decision-Making / Q000379:methods*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D011634:Public Health
keywords: United Kingdom; United States; advocacy; campaign; clinical decision-making; public health