title: Flagellin-rPAc vaccine inhibits biofilm formation but not proliferation of S. mutans.
abstract: As the main etiologic bacterium of dental caries, Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) has been considered as the primary object of vaccine research. We previously constructed a recombinant flagellin-rPAc fusion protein (KF-rPAc) that consists of an alanine-rich region to proline-rich region fragment of PAc (rPAc) from S. mutans and flagellin KF from E.coli K12 strain. Intranasal (i.n) immunization of KF-rPAc could induce high level of rPAc-specific antibody responses and offer robust protection against dental caries. In caries development, biofilm formation was considered as the necessary process involved. As PAc possesses other activities besides affecting adherence of S. mutans to salivary glycoproteins, we wondered whether rPAc-specific antibody responses induced by KF-rPAc could inhibit biofilm formation. Hence, in the present study, a simple and convenient in vitro biofilm model of S. mutans was constructed without saliva pre-coated. Both serum and saliva from KF-rPAc immunized rats significantly inhibited biofilm formation. Moreover, with the presence of serum or saliva, the biofilm formation is negatively correlated with the level of rPAc-specific antibody, and positively correlated with caries scores in rat. Moreover, in immunized mice, the level of rPAc-specific antibody also negatively correlated with the biofilm formation. Unlike ampicillin, serum of KF-rPAc immunized mice only inhibited biofilm formation but not proliferation. All together, we discovered that besides the well known blocking adherence of S. mutans to salivary glycoproteins by rPAc-specific antibody, flagellin-rPAc vaccine could also protects tooth from caries by inhibiting biofilm structure formation in between bacteria.
authors.affiliation: a Mucosal Immunity Research Group , State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , Hubei , China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: a Mucosal Immunity Research Group , State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , Hubei , China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: a Mucosal Immunity Research Group , State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , Hubei , China.
authors.forename: Dihan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: a Mucosal Immunity Research Group , State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , Hubei , China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: a Mucosal Immunity Research Group , State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , Hubei , China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: a Mucosal Immunity Research Group , State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , Hubei , China.
authors.forename: Bali
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: a Mucosal Immunity Research Group , State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , Hubei , China.
authors.forename: Maohua
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: a Mucosal Immunity Research Group , State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , Hubei , China.
authors.forename: Yaoming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a Mucosal Immunity Research Group , State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , Hubei , China.
authors.forename: Jingyi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: a Mucosal Immunity Research Group , State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , Hubei , China.
authors.forename: Huimin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D005260:Female; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D022541:Streptococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology*; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D022541:Streptococcal Vaccines; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic
keywords: PAc; Streptococcus mutans; biofilm; dental caries; flagellin; mucosal; vaccine