title: Extracting structural and functional features of widely distributed biological circuits with single cell resolution via tissue clearing and delivery vectors.
abstract: The scientific community has learned a great deal from imaging small and naturally transparent organisms such as nematodes and zebrafish. The consequences of genetic mutations on their organ development and survival can be visualized easily and with high-throughput at the organism-wide scale. In contrast, three-dimensional information is less accessible in mammalian subjects because the heterogeneity of light-scattering tissue elements renders their organs opaque. Likewise, genetically labeling desired circuits across mammalian bodies is prohibitively slow and costly via the transgenic route. Emerging breakthroughs in viral vector engineering, genome editing tools, and tissue clearing can render larger opaque organisms genetically tractable and transparent for whole-organ cell phenotyping, tract tracing and imaging at depth.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer Brooke
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Treweek
authors.affiliation: Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. Electronic address: viviana@caltech.edu.
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gradinaru
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002468:Cell Physiological Phenomena; D058948:Cell Tracking / Q000379:methods*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D010641:Phenotype; D059010:Single-Cell Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D051598:Whole Body Imaging / Q000379:methods*