title: Nanoparticle design considerations for molecular imaging of apoptosis: Diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value.
abstract: The present review analyzes various approaches for the design and synthesis of different nanoparticles for imaging and therapy. Nanoparticles for computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and optical imaging are discussed. The influence of nanoparticle size, shape, surface charge, composition, surface functionalization, active targeting and other factors on imaging and therapeutic efficacy is analyzed. Cyto- and genotoxicity of nanoparticles are also discussed. Special attention in the review is paid to the imaging of apoptotic tissues and cells in different diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States.
authors.forename: Ronak
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Savla
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, United States; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States. Electronic address: minko@rci.rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Minko
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D057054:Molecular Imaging; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011379:Prognosis; D000068936:Theranostic Nanomedicine; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: Apoptosis; Computed tomography; Magnetic resonance; Nanoparticle; Theranostic