title: Pathogenicity and horizontal transmission studies of caprine parainfluenza virus type 3 JS2013 strain in goats.
abstract: Parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) is one of the most important viral respiratory pathogens for humans and for many animals, but goat infection has been rarely reported. In 2014, one novel PIV3 strain was first isolated from goats suffered respiratory diseases in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces of eastern China and named as caprine PIV3 (CPIV3) JS2013. In order to systematically evaluate the pathogenicity and horizontal transmission ability of this new virus, experimental infection of goats with the CPIV3 strain was done. The virus-inoculated goats (challenge control (CC) group) displayed coughing and nasal discharges from 3days post infection (dpi) and lasted for about 2 weeks. Two goats in group CC showed fever between 7 and 12dpi. As detected by a TaqMan real time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), viremia was detected during 3-11dpi, peaked at 6dpi; and virus shedding from nasal discharge and faeces were confirmed during 3-21dpi and 4-21dpi, respectively. Virus-specific HI antibodies and neutralizing antibodies (NAs) became positive since 7dpi and 14dpi; peaked at 14dpi and 28dpi, respectively; and lasted at least 70days. Pathological lesions were mainly found on the lungs and tracheas. In addition, viruses were also detected in part of the tracheal secretion and lung samples, and the viral load in tracheal secretion was higher than that in lungs. Goats in horizontal infected group (hCC, kept in different cages in the same house with CC group) showed to be horizontally infected, with slightly milder clinical signs and pathological changes; and slightly shorter period of viremia and virus shedding. This was the first report of the detailed pathogenicity characterization of the novel CPIV3 and demonstrated its horizontal transmission ability. The results would be helpful for further studies on the preventive and control strategies for CPIV3 infections.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China.
authors.forename: Wenliang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Zhongyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
authors.forename: Tianci
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
authors.forename: Jiawu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China.
authors.forename: Jizong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China.
authors.forename: Wenwen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China.
authors.forename: Leilei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Yingjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China. Electronic address: 1776556843@qq.com.
authors.forename: Jieyuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000276:immunology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D001706:Biopsy; D001831:Body Temperature; D002460:Cell Line; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology*; D006041:Goats; D006801:Humans; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D010224:Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human / Q000502:physiology*; D010253:Respirovirus Infections / Q000662:veterinary*; D063189:Symptom Assessment; D019562:Viral Load; D014766:Viremia; D017201:Virus Shedding
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral
keywords: Caprine parainfluenza virus type 3; Goats; Horizontal transmission; Pathogenicity; Respiratory disease