title: The component leaching from decellularized pericardial bioscaffolds and its implication in the macrophage response.
abstract: The extracellular matrix molecules remaining in bioscaffolds derived from decellularized xenogeneic tissues appear to be important for inducing cell functions conducting tissue regeneration. Here, we studied whether decellularization methods, that is, detergent Triton X-100 (TX) alone and TX combined with reversible alkaline swelling (STX), applied to bovine pericardial tissue, could affect the bioscaffold components. The in vitro macrophage response, subdermal biodegradation, and cell infiltration were also studied. The results indicate a lower leaching of fibronectin, but a higher leaching of laminin and sulfated glycosaminoglycans from tissues decellularized with STX and TX, respectively. The in vitro secretion of interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein by RAW264.7 macrophages is promoted by decellularized bioscaffold leachates. A lower polymorphonuclear cell density is observed around decellularized bioscaffolds at 1-day implantation; concurrently showing a higher cell infiltration in STX- than in TX-implant. Cells infiltrated into TX-implant show a fibroblastic morphology at 7-day implantation, concurrently the capillary formation is observed at 14-day. Pericardial bioscaffolds suffer biodegradation more pronounced in STX- than in TX-implant. Both TX and STX decellularization methods favor a high leaching of basal lamina components, which presumably promotes a faster macrophage stimulation compared to nondecellularized tissue, and appear to be associated with an increased host cell infiltration in a rat subdermal implantation. Meanwhile, the connective tissue components leaching from TX decellularized bioscaffolds, unlike the STX ones, appear to be associated with an enhanced angiogenesis accompanied by an early-promoted fibroblastic cell transition. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2810-2822, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ingenierías Química, Electrónica y Biomédica, DCI Universidad de Guanajuato, León, 37150, GTO, Mexico. b.mendozanovelo@ugto.mx.
authors.forename: Birzabith
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mendoza-Novelo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ingenierías Química, Electrónica y Biomédica, DCI Universidad de Guanajuato, León, 37150, GTO, Mexico.
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Castellano
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ingenierías Química, Electrónica y Biomédica, DCI Universidad de Guanajuato, León, 37150, GTO, Mexico.|Departamento de Biología, DCNE, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, 36050, GTO, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ruth G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Padilla-Miranda
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ingenierías Química, Electrónica y Biomédica, DCI Universidad de Guanajuato, León, 37150, GTO, Mexico.
authors.forename: María C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lona-Ramos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología, DCNE, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, 36050, GTO, Mexico.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cuéllar-Mata
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ingenierías Química, Electrónica y Biomédica, DCI Universidad de Guanajuato, León, 37150, GTO, Mexico.
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vega-González
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Patología, Centro Médico Nacional del Bajío, León, 37340, GTO, Mexico.|Laboratorio de Inmunohistoquímica y Biología Molecular, Hospital Medica Campestre, León, 37180, GTO, Mexico.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murguía-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, DCNE, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, GTO, Mexico.
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mata-Mata
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología, DCNE, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, 36050, GTO, Mexico.
authors.forename: Eva E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Ávila
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001705:Bioprosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects; D002417:Cattle; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D003902:Detergents / Q000737:chemistry; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D010496:Pericardium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D003902:Detergents
keywords: macrophage response; pericardial bioscaffolds; subdermal response; tissue decellularization