title: A118G Polymorphism in μ-Opioid Receptor Gene and Interactions with Smoking and Drinking on Risk of Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of A118G and its interaction with smoking and drinking on oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 960 subjects (545 males and 415 females) with a mean age of 58.1 ± 13.4 years were selected, including 490 ESCC patients and 470 normal control subjects. A logistic regression model was used to examine the association between A118G and ESCC and its interaction with A118G and current smoking and drinking. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confident interval (95%CI) were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency for the A allele of A118G was significantly higher in ESCC cases, OR (95%CI) = 1.22 (1.08-1.59). Logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between the A allele in A118G and increased ESCC risk. The ESCC risk was significantly higher in carriers of the A allele of the A118G polymorphism than those with GG (AG + AA vs. GG, adjusted OR (95%CI) = 1.20 (1.05-1.53)). We found that current smokers with AG or AA of the A118G genotype have the highest ESCC risk compared with never smokers with a GG genotype; the OR (95%CI) was 2.57 (1.66-3.33). Current drinkers with AG or AA of the A118G genotype have the highest ESCC risk compared with not currently drinking subjects with the GG genotype, OR (95%CI) = 2.36 (1.47-3.25), after adjusting for covariates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The A allele of A118G and ESCC and additional interaction between the A allele of A118G and smoking or drinking were associated with increased ESCC risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Yixing People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Xinfang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Yixing People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Boneng
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Yixing People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Lingdong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Yixing People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Yixing People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Juping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rui
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Yixing People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Guochang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D000077277:Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: C485764:OPRM1 protein, human; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu
keywords: A118G; alcohol consumption; interaction; oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma; polymorphism; smoking