title: Role of adipokinetic hormone and adenosine in the anti-stress response in Drosophila melanogaster.
abstract: The role of adipokinetic hormone (AKH) and adenosine in the anti-stress response was studied in Drosophila melanogaster larvae and adults carrying a mutation in the Akh gene (Akh(1)), the adenosine receptor gene (AdoR(1)), or in both of these genes (Akh(1) AdoR(1) double mutant). Stress was induced by starvation or by the addition of an oxidative stressor paraquat (PQ) to food. Mortality tests revealed that the Akh(1) mutant was the most resistant to starvation, while the AdoR(1) mutant was the most sensitive. Conversely, the Akh(1) AdoR(1) double mutant was more sensitive to PQ toxicity than either of the single mutants. Administration of PQ significantly increased the Drome-AKH level in w(1118) and AdoR(1) larvae; however, this was not accompanied by a simultaneous increase in Akh gene expression. In contrast, PQ significantly increased the expression of the glutathione S-transferase D1 (GstD1) gene. The presence of both a functional adenosine receptor and AKH seem to be important for the proper control of GstD1 gene expression under oxidative stress, however, the latter appears to play more dominant role. On the other hand, differences in glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity among the strains, and between untreated and PQ-treated groups were minimal. In addition, the glutathione level was significantly lower in all untreated AKH- or AdoR-deficient mutant flies as compared with the untreated control w(1118) flies and further declined following treatment with PQ. All oxidative stress characteristics modified by mutations in Akh gene were restored or even improved by 'rescue' mutation in flies which ectopically express Akh. Thus, the results of the present study demonstrate the important roles of AKH and adenosine in the anti-stress response elicited by PQ in a D. melanogaster model, and provide the first evidence for the involvement of adenosine in the anti-oxidative stress response in insects.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, CAS, and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Milada
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zemanová
authors.affiliation: Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, CAS, and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Tereza
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stašková
authors.affiliation: Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, CAS, and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic. Electronic address: kodrik@entu.cas.cz.
authors.forename: Dalibor
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kodrík
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D007301:Insect Hormones / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010269:Paraquat / Q000633:toxicity*; D011761:Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007301:Insect Hormones; D007306:Insecticides; D009842:Oligopeptides; C044833:adipokinetic hormone; D000241:Adenosine; D010269:Paraquat; D011761:Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid
keywords: AKH; Adenosine; Drosophila; Oxidative stress; Paraquat; Stress