title: Comparison of average global exposure of population induced by a macro 3G network in different geographical areas in France and Serbia.
abstract: This article is the first thorough study of average population exposure to third generation network (3G)-induced electromagnetic fields (EMFs), from both uplink and downlink radio emissions in different countries, geographical areas, and for different wireless device usages. Indeed, previous publications in the framework of exposure to EMFs generally focused on individual exposure coming from either personal devices or base stations. Results, derived from device usage statistics collected in France and Serbia, show a strong heterogeneity of exposure, both in time, that is, the traffic distribution over 24 h was found highly variable, and space, that is, the exposure to 3G networks in France was found to be roughly two times higher than in Serbia. Such heterogeneity is further explained based on real data and network architecture. Among those results, authors show that, contrary to popular belief, exposure to 3G EMFs is dominated by uplink radio emissions, resulting from voice and data traffic, and average population EMF exposure differs from one geographical area to another, as well as from one country to another, due to the different cellular network architectures and variability of mobile usage. Bioelectromagnetics. 37:382-390, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Orange Labs, Châtillon, France.|Institut Mines-Telecom Telecom Bretagne, Brest, France.|Institut Mines-Telecom Telecom ParisTech, LTCI, Chaire C2m, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Orange Labs, Meylan, France.
authors.forename: Nadège
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Varsier
authors.affiliation: Telekom Srbija, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Stevan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Niksic
authors.affiliation: University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro.
authors.forename: Enis
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kocan
authors.affiliation: University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro.
authors.forename: Milica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pejanovic-Djurisic
authors.affiliation: Telekom Srbija, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Milica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Popovic
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Mladen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koprivica
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Aleksandar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Neskovic
authors.affiliation: Telekom Srbija, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Milinkovic
authors.affiliation: Orange Labs, Châtillon, France.
authors.forename: Azeddine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gati
authors.affiliation: Institut Mines-Telecom Telecom Bretagne, Brest, France.|Institut Mines-Telecom Telecom ParisTech, LTCI, Chaire C2m, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Person
authors.affiliation: Institut Mines-Telecom Telecom ParisTech, LTCI, Chaire C2m, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wiart
mesh_terms: D040421:Cell Phone; D002947:Cities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003195:Computer Communication Networks; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D011846:Radio Waves; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055771:Serbia
keywords: EMF exposure; analysis of ICT usage data; emitted and received power; human exposure; user profiles