title: Understanding mechanism of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus aestivation: Insights from TMT-based proteomic study.
abstract: Marine invertebrate aestivation is a unique strategy for summer survival in response to hot marine conditions. The sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, is an excellent model marine invertebrate for studies of environmentally-induced aestivation. In the present study, we used a tandem mass tag (TMT)-coupled LC-MS/MS approach to identify and quantify the global proteome expression profile over the aestivation-arousal cycle of A. japonicus. A total of 3920 proteins were identified from the intestine of sea cucumber. Among them, 630 proteins showed significant differential expression when comparing three conditions of sea cucumbers: non-aestivating (active), deep-aestivation (at least 15days of continuous aestivation), and arousal after aestivation (renewed moving and feeding). Sea cucumbers in deep aestivation showed substantial differentially expressed proteins (143 up-regulated and 267 down-regulated proteins compared with non-aestivating controls). These differentially expressed proteins suggested that protein and phospholipid probably are major fuel sources during hypometabolism and a general attenuation of carbohydrate metabolism was observed during deep aestivation. Differentially expressed proteins also provided the first global picture of a shift in protein synthesis, protein folding, DNA binding, apoptosis, cellular transport and signaling, and cytoskeletal proteins during deep aestivation in sea cucumbers. A comparison of arousal from aestivation with deep aestivation, revealed a general reversal of the changes that occurred in aestivation for most proteins. Western blot detection further validated the significant up-regulation of HSP70 and down-regulation of methyltransferase-like protein 7A-like in deep-aestivation. Our results suggest that there is substantial post-transcriptional regulation of proteins during the aestivation-arousal cycle in sea cucumbers.
authors.affiliation: Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China. Electronic address: chenmuyan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Muyan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China.
authors.forename: Xingke
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China.
authors.forename: Aijun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
authors.forename: Kenneth B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Storey
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qindao, PR China.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, PR China.
authors.forename: Tianxiang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, PR China.
authors.forename: Tianming
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D019295:Computational Biology; D004956:Estivation / Q000502:physiology*; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D012616:Sea Cucumbers / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D020543:Proteome
keywords: Aestivation; Post-transcriptional regulation; Proteome; Sea cucumber; Tandem mass tag