title: The HIV prevention cascade: integrating theories of epidemiological, behavioural, and social science into programme design and monitoring.
abstract: Theories of epidemiology, health behaviour, and social science have changed the understanding of HIV prevention in the past three decades. The HIV prevention cascade is emerging as a new approach to guide the design and monitoring of HIV prevention programmes in a way that integrates these multiple perspectives. This approach recognises that translating the efficacy of direct mechanisms that mediate HIV prevention (including prevention products, procedures, and risk-reduction behaviours) into population-level effects requires interventions that increase coverage. An HIV prevention cascade approach suggests that high coverage can be achieved by targeting three key components: demand-side interventions that improve risk perception and awareness and acceptability of prevention approaches; supply-side interventions that make prevention products and procedures more accessible and available; and adherence interventions that support ongoing adoption of prevention behaviours, including those that do and do not involve prevention products. Programmes need to develop delivery platforms that ensure these interventions reach target populations, to shape the policy environment so that it facilitates implementation at scale with high quality and intensity, and to monitor the programme with indicators along the cascade.
authors.affiliation: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hargreaves
authors.affiliation: Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Sinead
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Delany-Moretlwe
authors.affiliation: Imperial College, London, UK.
authors.forename: Timothy B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Hallett
authors.affiliation: Genesis Analytics, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Saul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Saidi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kapiga
authors.affiliation: University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
authors.forename: Parinita
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bhattacharjee
authors.affiliation: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Gina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dallabetta
authors.affiliation: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Geoff P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Garnett
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006678:HIV; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011314:Preventive Health Services; D012942:Social Sciences; D012944:Social Support