title: Effects of metformin treatment on blood leptin and ghrelin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study was to conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effects of metformin on blood leptin and ghrelin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature searches were performed using MEDLINE, Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry, and ClinicalTrials.gov, and RCTs that investigated the effects of metformin on blood leptin and ghrelin levels in patients with T2DM were selected. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve RCTs met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. There was no significant difference in blood leptin between the metformin and control groups (SMD 0.03; 95 % CI -0.35 %, 0.42 %; P = 0.86), although there was a significant difference in blood leptin levels between the metformin group and the group on oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) other than metformin (SMD -0.39; 95 % CI -0.76 %, -0.01 %; P = 0.04). There were no significant differences in blood ghrelin levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metformin treatment was not associated with a decrease in blood leptin levels in patients with T2DM compared with levels in patients in the control group. Moreover, metformin treatment was not associated with increases in blood ghrelin levels compared with the control and other OADs groups. However, blood leptin levels were significantly lower in the metformin compared with the other OADs group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Ise Red Cross Hospital, Mie, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ida
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Ise Red Cross Hospital, Mie, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Ise Red Cross Hospital, Mie, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryutaro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaneko
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D020738:Leptin; D008687:Metformin
keywords: 2型糖尿病; ghrelin; leptin; meta-analysis; meta分析; metformin; type 2 diabetes mellitus; 二甲双胍; 瘦素; 胃饥饿素