title: Epigenetic Mechanisms Governing Innate Inflammatory Responses.
abstract: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are major receptors of the host innate immune system that recognize conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of invading microbes. Activation of TLR signaling culminates in the expression of multiple genes in a coordinate and kinetically defined manner. In this review, we summarize the current studies describing the chromatin landscape of TLR-responsive inflammatory genes and how changes to this chromatin landscape govern cell type-specific and temporal gene expression. We further elaborate classical endotoxin tolerance and epigenetic mechanisms controlling tolerance and interferon priming effects on inflammatory promoters.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland , Baltimore (UMB), School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Darren J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland , Baltimore (UMB), School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.|2 Sigmovir Biosystems, Inc. , Rockville, Maryland.
authors.forename: Mira C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: 2 Sigmovir Biosystems, Inc. , Rockville, Maryland.
authors.forename: Jorge C G
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland , Baltimore (UMB), School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Stefanie N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Vogel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007372:Interferons / Q000378:metabolism; D056484:Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases / Q000378:metabolism; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D007372:Interferons; D056484:Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases