title: Stereotactic Administration of Edaravone Ameliorates Collagenase-Induced Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rat.
abstract: Edaravone is widely used for treating ischemic stroke, but it is not still confirmed in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) as an ideal medication targeting the brain parenchyma. We aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of stereotactic administration of edaravone (SI) into the brain parenchyma.
  
  
  
  Intracerebral hemorrhage rat models were established by infusion of collagenase into the caudate nucleus. Neural functional recovery was assessed using modified neurological severity scores (mNSS). A comparative study of therapeutic effects between SI and intraperitoneal injection of edaravone (IP) involved in cerebral edema, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, hematoma absorption, inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis.
  
  
  
  Compared with IP, the mNSS was significantly (P < 0.05) improved by SI; cerebral edema and BBB permeability were dramatically ameliorated (P < 0.05); IL-4 and IL-10 levels increased, but IL-1β and TNF-α levels significantly decreased; neuron apoptosis decreased markedly (P < 0.05); and caspase-3 and Bax expression significantly dropped, but Bcl-2 increased in SI group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  
  SI markedly improved neurological deficits in ICH rat models via antiinflammatory and antiapoptosis mechanisms and promoted M2-type microglia differentiation. SI was effective in rats with collagenase-induced ICH.
authors.affiliation: The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.|Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, Army General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China.|The Neurosurgical Research Center of Beijing Military Region, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, Army General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, Army General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Guang-Zhu
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, Army General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Mou
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, Army General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Guang-Zhi
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, Army General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qin-Qin
authors.initials: QQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, Army General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Chao
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrapathology of Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, Army General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China. zhanghongtian2016@126.com.|The Neurosurgical Research Center of Beijing Military Region, Beijing, China. zhanghongtian2016@126.com.
authors.forename: Hong-Tian
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, Army General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China. brain_xu@126.com.|The Neurosurgical Research Center of Beijing Military Region, Beijing, China. brain_xu@126.com.
authors.forename: Ru-Xiang
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000983:Antipyrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017364:Collagenases / Q000633:toxicity*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000077553:Edaravone; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D017364:Collagenases; D000077553:Edaravone; D000983:Antipyrine
keywords: Edaravone; Intracerebral hemorrhage; Intraperitoneal injection; Stereotactic administration