title: Intermittent urethral catheterisation: the reality of the lubricants and catheters in the clinical practice of a Brazilian service.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify how catheters and lubricants have been used among patients using intermittent urinary catheterisation in rehabilitation.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The clean intermittent urinary catheterisation technique is an invasive procedure can cause discomfort, pain and urethral traumas. The use of lubricants and lubricated urinary catheters reduces the friction between the catheter and the urethral mucosa, minimising the risks.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive exploratory design was used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quantitative and descriptive study developed at a rehabilitation centre of a University Hospital in the interior of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, at the Intermittent Urinary Catheterisation Outpatient Clinic, between June 2012-December 2014. After ethical approval, the data were collected through an interview with the support of a semistructured questionnaire, held during the nursing consultation. Among the users, patients using intermittent urinary catheterisation were interviewed, over 18 years of age and minors younger than eight years accompanied. Descriptive statistical analysis was applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most of 214 (100·0%) patients were interviewed were male, single, young adults and with a primary medical diagnosis of bone marrow injury and myelomeningocele. Most patients perform the urinary catheterisation between four and six times per day. For the procedure, the majority uses polyethylene (polyvinyl chloride) catheter and, as a lubricant, 2·0% lidocaine hydrochloride on the catheter itself. Many mention lack of sensitivity when passing the catheter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the study sample, a risk of urethral traumas was evidenced, related to the inappropriate use of catheters and lubricants. For the patients' safety, the professionals need to acknowledge the importance of the appropriate use of lubricants and lubricated catheters to implement evidence-based practices that mobilise public policies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of evidences demonstrates that the appropriate use of lubricants for intermittent urinary catheterisation is fundamental for patient safety and the performance of the best practices.
authors.affiliation: General and Specialized Nursing Department, EERP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. amazzo@eerp.usp.br.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mazzo
authors.affiliation: University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research (EERP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriel Luiz
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Pecci
authors.affiliation: Fundamental Nursing Graduate Program, EERP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Laís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fumincelli
authors.affiliation: Fundamental Nursing Graduate Program, EERP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberta Corsini
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Neves
authors.affiliation: Fundamental Nursing Graduate Program, EERP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rachel Cristina Rodrigues
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Ferreira
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Cassini
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Anatomy, FMRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.|Division of Urology, FMRP-USP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tucci
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001938:Brazil; D057785:Catheters; D002648:Child; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D057928:Intermittent Urethral Catheterization / Q000451:nursing*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D054327:Lubricants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000451:nursing / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D054327:Lubricants; D008012:Lidocaine
keywords: caregivers; intermittent urethral catheterisation; lubricants; nursing; patients; urethral catheter