title: Shapes of leaves with parallel venation. Modelling of the Epipactis sp. (Orchidaceae) leaves with the help of a system of coupled elastic beams.
abstract: Static properties of leaves with parallel venation, with particular emphasis on the genus EpipactisZinn, 1757 (Orchidaceae, Neottieae) have been modelled with coupled quasi-parallel elastic "beams." The non-linear theory of strongly bended beams have been employed. The resulting boundary-value problem has been solved numerically with the help of the finite-difference method. Possible dislocations resulting in additional Dirac-delta like forces have been take into account. Morphological similarity of the model and real leaves has been obtained. In particular, the concentrated forces have been shown to cause undulation in the leaves.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Wrocław , Wrocław , Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jakubska-Busse
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Applied Informatics and Mathematics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW , Warsaw , Poland.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Janowicz
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Applied Informatics and Mathematics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW , Warsaw , Poland.
authors.forename: Luiza
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ochnio
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Applied Informatics and Mathematics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW , Warsaw , Poland.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jackowska-Zduniak
keywords: Coupled elastic beams; Elasticity; Epipactis; Leaves; Mathematical biology; Modelling plant species; Orchids; Plant architecture; Plant modelling; Undulation