title: Association Between Lipid Biomarkers, Physical Activity, and Socioeconomic Status in a Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in the UK.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of global death. Physical activity can help individuals reduce their CVD risk. However, the biological mechanisms explaining the link between physical activity and CVD risk and how they may be mediated by socioeconomic status are not well understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  We use cross-sectional data from 2010/2011 of the Understanding Society Survey, UK, to investigate the association between two biomarkers for CVD risk: cholesterol ratio and triglyceride levels and four different measures of physical activity: moderate, mild, self-reported activity rating, and walking 30 min or more a week using multivariate logistic regression. The analysis investigates if this association is mediated by socioeconomic status and difficulty accessing sports facilities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results from multivariate regressions show that moderate and self-reported activity rating are significantly associated with cholesterol ratio and triglycerides for both men and women. A weaker association was found for walking 30 min or more a week. No association was found between mild physical activity and the two biomarkers. There is some evidence that socioeconomic status mediates the relationship between the biomarkers and physical activity. A significant association between socioeconomic status variables and the biomarkers was found only for women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We provide some evidence of the mechanisms explaining the link between CVD risk and physical activity by finding an association with traditional lipid biomarkers. We also find that intensity of physical activity matters. Socioeconomic status especially for women is important which may explain some of the inequalities in CVD risk.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Baddiley Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AA UK.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Baddiley Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AA UK.
authors.forename: Frauke
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Baddiley Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AA UK.
authors.forename: Kofi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Antwi
keywords: Biomarkers; Physical activity; Socioeconomic status; UK