title: Renal Subcapsular Space of Balb/c Nude Mice as a Route for Evaluating Subpopulations of Human Bladder Carcinoma Cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Subpopulations of bladder cancer (BC) cells have been found in tumors, with different abilities for malignancy and chemotherapy resistance. The BC cell line T24 has frequently been used to evaluate this phenomenon. Since technical limits exist in orthotopic procedures, we evaluated the renal subcapsular space as an alternative route for analyzing subpopulations of T24 BC cells in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Balb/c nude mice underwent renal subcapsular inoculation with T24 cells, suspended in two different volumes of PBS. Four weeks post-inoculation, histology and immunohistochemistry were carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all the animals inoculated with a 10 μl volume of suspended cells, a pseudo-bladder structure in the renal subcapsular space was observed, with differential expression of mesenchymal and epithelial markers. T24 cells infiltrating the renal parenchyma towards the medulla and vessels were also observed. The volume used for inoculation was an important factor for the success of this technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Renal subcapsular inoculation is an effective route for analyzing subpopulations and differentiation of T24 cells.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Diego Mota
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Henrique Gomes
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Matheus
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Chrisna Souza
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Janaina Mendes
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil hdelle@usp.br.
authors.forename: Humberto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dellê
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Renal subcapsular transplantation; bladder cancer; cancer stem-like cells; cellular differentiation; epithelial–mesenchymal transition