title: Effects of Cyclooxygenase on the Urothelium of the Urinary Bladder of Mice Exposed to Pelvic Radiation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the role of cyclooxygenase (COX) expression in the urothelium of the urinary bladder during radiation injury caused by pelvic radiotherapy for cancer therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four male Swiss Albino mice were separated into 4 groups. The first group was the control group (Group 1) and the second, third, and fourth groups were euthanized after 24 hours (Group 2), 48 hours (Group 3), and 7 days (Group 4), respectively. A single-fractioned 10 Gy of ionizing radiation was applied to all mice's pelvic zone with Co-60. Bladders were removed completely from the pelvic region. Histochemical analysis using hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical analysis using anti-COX-1 and COX-2 antibodies were performed on tissue samples. The immunoreactivities of the urinary bladder were quantified using H-score measurement, and statistical comparison was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the immunohistochemical examination the COX-1 immunoreactivities were found to be higher in the urothelium of the bladder in the radiation exposed groups than in the normal control group (group 1) (p < 0.005). Additionally, high immunoreactivity of COX-2 molecule was established in groups 2, 3, and 4 of radiation groups as compared to group 1 (p < 0.005) in examination of the urothelium. COX-1 and COX-2 immunoreactivities in the submucosa were detected higher in group 4 than in the other groups (p < 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  COX-1 and COX-2 expressions in the urothelium and subepithelium of the urinary bladder were investigated in mice during the acute radiation response. The expression of COX-1 and COX-2 in the urothelium seems to prevent bladder damage from radiation, supplying differentiation and restoration of the urothelium.
authors.forename: M Kemal
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ozbilgin
authors.forename: Tuna
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Onal
authors.forename: Cemil
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ozcan
authors.forename: Merve
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Temel
authors.forename: Caner
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aktas
authors.forename: Manuchehr Salehi
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Gareveran
authors.forename: Elgin Turkoz
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Uluer
authors.forename: Sevinc
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inan
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kurtman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D019459:Urothelium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496512:Ptgs1 protein, mouse