title: A community-based case-control study of prevalence and pattern of cognitive impairments in patients with epilepsy residing in South-Eastern Nigeria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epilepsy is the commonest neurological disorder encountered in Sub-Saharan Africa. The quality of life of patients with epilepsy (PWEs) is adversely affected by cognitive impairments.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the prevalence and pattern of cognitive impairments in PWE in Ukpo community located in a South-Eastern state in Nigeria using Community Screening Interview for Dementia (CSID) and a computer-assisted cognitive test battery (FePsy).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one PWEs were studied and compared with 51 age-, sex-and level of education-matched healthy controls. Diagnosis of epilepsy was confirmed clinically with eye-witness corroboration. Sociodemographic data and information on epilepsy variables were obtained with the aid of a questionnaire. Cognitive domains assessed include language, memory, orientation, attention, psychomotor speed and constructional praxis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence rate of cognitive impairment using total CSID score was 19.6%. Analysis of CSID scores revealed significant impairment in language (17.6%), memory (29.4%), orientation (15.7%), attention (7.8%) and constructional praxis (15.7%) compared to healthy controls. A similar pattern was observed with FePsy but with better sensitivity indices for detecting cognitive impairment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicated significant prevalence rate of cognitive impairment among treatment-naïve PWE with profound affectation of memory, mental speed and language. In addition, the FePsy was found to be more sensitive and specific in assessment of cognitive function in PWE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Neurology Unit, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Eugene O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Arinzechi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Neurology Unit, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Olubunmi A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Ogunrin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Neurology Unit, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Cosmas M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Nwosu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Neurology Unit, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Paul O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Nwani
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Neurology Unit, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Kelechi O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Enwereji
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Neurology Unit, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Lasbrey A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Asomugha
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Uche
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dimkpa
keywords: Attention; cognition; epilepsy; language; memory; praxis