title: Solubility and solvation of monosaccharides in ionic liquids.
abstract: Herein, solubility experimental data for six monosaccharides, viz.d-(+)-glucose, d-(+)-mannose, d-(-)-fructose, d-(+)-galactose, d-(+)-xylose and l-(+)-arabinose, in four ionic liquids (ILs), at temperatures ranging from 288.2 to 348.2 K, were obtained aimed at gathering a better understanding of their solvation ability and molecular-level mechanisms which rule the dissolution process. To ascertain the chemical features that enhance the solubility of monosaccharides, ILs composed of dialkylimidazolium or tetraalkylphosphonium cations combined with the dicyanamide, dimethylphosphate or chloride anions were investigated. It was found that the ranking of the solubility of monosaccharides depends on the IL; yet, d-(+)-xylose is always the most soluble while d-(-)-fructose is the least soluble monosaccharide. The results obtained show that both the IL cation and the anion play a major role in the solubility of monosaccharides. Finally, from the determination of the respective thermodynamic properties of solution, it was found that enthalpic contributions are dominant in the solubilization process. However, the observed differences in the solubilities of monosaccharides in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide are ruled by a change in the entropy of solution.
authors.affiliation: CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. maragfreire@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Ana Rita R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Teles
authors.affiliation: CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. maragfreire@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Teresa B V
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Dinis
authors.affiliation: CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. maragfreire@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Emanuel V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Capela
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigação em Química, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, R. Campo Alegre 687, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Luís M N B F
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM, Departamento de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal.
authors.forename: Simão P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Pinho
authors.affiliation: CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. maragfreire@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Mara G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Freire
authors.affiliation: CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. maragfreire@ua.pt.
authors.forename: João A P
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Coutinho