title: Evaluation of hypoxia inducible factor targeting pharmacological drugs as antileishmanial agents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) targeting pharmacological drugs, echinomycin, resveratrol and CdCl2 which inhibit HIF-1α stimulation, and mimosine, which enhances the stability of HIF-1α present antileishmanial properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  The leishmanicidal effect of drugs was evaluated in mouse macrophages and Balb/c mouse model for cutaneous leishmaniosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resveratrol and CdCl2 reduced the parasite load [IC50, (27.3 ± 2.25) μM and (24.8 ± 0.95) μM, respectively]. The IC50 value of echinomycin was (22.7 ± 7.36) nM and mimosine did not alter the parasite load in primary macrophages. The macrophage viability IC50 values for resveratrol, echinomycin and CdCl2 and mimosine were >40 μM, >100 nM, >200 μM and>2000 μM, respectively. In vivo no differences between cutaneous lesions from control, resveratrol- and echinomycin-treated Balb/c mice were detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resveratrol, echinomycin and CdCl2 reduce parasite survival in vitro. The HIF-1α targeting pharmacological drugs require further study to more fully determine their anti-Leishmania potential and their role in therapeutic strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biology, Biology Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dal'Bó Pelegrini
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biology, Biology Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Biar
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biology, Biology Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Solange
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dos Santos Costa
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biology, Biology Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Myriam Janeth
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Salazar Terreros
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biology, Biology Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Degrossoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biology, Biology Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: sgiorgio@unicamp.br.
authors.forename: Selma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giorgio
keywords: CdCl(2); Echinomycin; Hypoxia inducible factor; Leishmaniosis; Mimosine; Resveratrol