title: 3D-Printed Scaffolds and Biomaterials: Review of Alveolar Bone Augmentation and Periodontal Regeneration Applications.
abstract: To ensure a successful dental implant therapy, the presence of adequate vertical and horizontal alveolar bone is fundamental. However, an insufficient amount of alveolar ridge in both dimensions is often encountered in dental practice due to the consequences of oral diseases and tooth loss. Although postextraction socket preservation has been adopted to lessen the need for such invasive approaches, it utilizes bone grafting materials, which have limitations that could negatively affect the quality of bone formation. To overcome the drawbacks of routinely employed grafting materials, bone graft substitutes such as 3D scaffolds have been recently investigated in the dental field. In this review, we highlight different biomaterials suitable for 3D scaffold fabrication, with a focus on "3D-printed" ones as bone graft substitutes that might be convenient for various applications related to implant therapy. We also briefly discuss their possible adoption for periodontal regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Polyclinic, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Farah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Asa'ad
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Polyclinic, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9170-0795
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pagni
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Sophia P
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5028-3956
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Pilipchuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Polyclinic, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Aldo Bruno
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Giannì
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: William V
authors.initials: WV
authors.lastname: Giannobile
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Polyclinic, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rasperini