title: [The observation of normal uncinate process mucosa compared with inferior turbinate in epithelium ultrastructure].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the morphological differences between normal uncinate process(UP) mucosa and inferior turbinate mucosa, and explore the physiology function of the UP with the electron microscope.
  
  
  METHODS
  The experiment chose 12 patients who have taken nasal endoscopic surgeries(8 cases for normal UP, 4 cases for normal inferior turbinate mucosa). During the surgery, take the mucosa upwards on the filter paper and immediately use scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy specimens for standard sample preparation methods. Observe the cilia shape, structure and the distribution and the swing direction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1)The internal side and the external side of UP mucosa and inferior turbinate mucosa are all pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, the shapes of cilia are classic "9+2" structures. The distribution of cilia on internal and external lateral of UP and inferior turbinate mucosa are in high density. (2)The direction of cilia on normal inferior turbinate mucosa are generally swing to up and backwards; the cilia on internal lateral of the UP generally swing towards inner side, down and backwards; the cilia on external lateral of the UP generally swing towards down and backwards.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cilia on internal side and the external side of UP mucosa and inferior turbinate mucosa are in the same structure and shape, but the swing direction of cilia have their own characteristics. It can be concluded that the internal and external lateral of UP may have different functions in nasal sinuses mucus cilia clearance system.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D002923:Cilia / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004724:Endoscopy; D004848:Epithelium / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D059747:Nasal Surgical Procedures; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses; D014420:Turbinates / Q000648:ultrastructure*