title: Hippocampal YKL-40 expression in rats after status epilepticus.
abstract: This study aims to investigate rat hippocampal cartilage glycoprotein-39 (YKL-40) expression levels following status epilepticus (SE), and the potential mechanism of YKL-40 in SE-induced neuronal injury.
  
  
  
  Seventy-two healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into two groups: control and SE groups. A lithium chloride-pilocarpine SE model was established, and the control group was injected with sodium chloride. The hippocampus was assessed at three, six, 12, 24 and 72h after SE. YKL-40 protein was detected via immunohistochemistry (n=6). Cellular YKL-40/neuronal nuclei antigen (NeuN) expression levels were determined with double immunofluorescence. YKL-40 mRNA was detected via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR, n=6).
  
  
  
  YKL-40 immunoreactivity was poor and was mainly localized to the cytoplasm within hippocampal CA3/CA4 neurons with limited immunoreactivity in the nucleus in the control group. Following SE, YKL-40 immunoreactivity exhibited a diffused distribution throughout the cytoplasm in neurons and increased distribution in the nucleus. CA3 and CA4 YKL-40 protein expression significantly increased at six hours post-SE (P<0.05), peaked at 12h (P<0.01), and decreased at 24h (P<0.05) and 72h (P<0.05) in the SE group, compared with the control group. Double-label immunofluorescence of YKL-40/NeuN exhibited a hippocampal CA3/CA4 neuron location. Furthermore, SE induced a significant increase inYKL-40 mRNA at six, 24, or 72h (P<0.05); which peaked at 12h (P<0.01).
  
  
  
  YKL-40 was expressed in neurons, and elevated rat hippocampal YKL-40 expression levels may be involved in the pathogenesis of injury following SE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
authors.forename: XiaoYan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China. Electronic address: lishuyu2015@163.com.
authors.forename: Shuyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasonography, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
authors.forename: Mingna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
authors.forename: Jizhang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
authors.forename: Bingxin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D034961:Antigens, Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015870:Gene Expression; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010862:Pilocarpine; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D034961:Antigens, Nuclear; C507621:CHI3L1 protein, rat; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C546339:Rbfox3 protein, rat; D010862:Pilocarpine
keywords: Hippocampus; Inflammation; Neuronal injury; Pilocarpine; Status epilepticus; YKL-40