title: Management and reconstruction of blast wounds of the head and neck.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this review is to highlight recent literature related to the initial management and reconstruction of blast injuries to the head and neck.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An increasing percentage of combat-related injuries are caused by blast trauma. Management of blast trauma over the last 10 years has improved understanding of the unique nature of these injuries and the importance of thoughtful management and reconstruction. Blast trauma is associated with an increased need for definitive airway management. As a result, initial triage principles of airway management and hemorrhage control are extremely important in the acute setting. Blast trauma results in high-velocity injuries that can lead to extensive soft tissue damage, which has important implications for reconstruction. Staging reconstruction is an important consideration for more extensive injuries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Experience on the battlefield with blast injuries over the last decade has led to efficient triage with focus on hemorrhage and airway control. The lessons learned in Iraq and Afghanistan with the unique physiology of blast trauma have improved the casualty care of service members and can be used both in future military conflicts and in civilian trauma care.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, San Antonio, Texas bDepartment of Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Jayne R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brennan
mesh_terms: D058109:Airway Management; D001753:Blast Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000601:surgery*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000601:surgery; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D061665:Time-to-Treatment; D014857:Warfare