title: The role of autosuggestion in geriatric patients' quality of life: a study on psycho-neuro-endocrine-immunology pathway.
abstract: There has been no study conducted about the effect of autosuggestion on quality of life for geriatric patients. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of autosuggestion for geriatric patients' quality of life and its impact on psycho-neuro-endocrine-immune pathway.
  
  
  
  Sixty geriatric patients aged ≥60 years in a ward were randomly assigned to either receive autosuggestion or not. Autosuggestion was recorded in a tape to be heard daily for 30 days. Both groups received the standard medical therapy. Primary outcome was quality of life by COOP chart. Secondary outcomes were serum cortisol level, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, interferon-γ, and N-acetylaspartate/creatine ratio in limbic/paralimbic system by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The study was single blinded due to the nature of the intervention studied.
  
  
  
  Out of 60 subjects, 51 finished the study. The autosuggestion group reported better scores than the control one for quality of life, COOP chart 1.95 vs. 2.22 (95% CI, p = 0.02). There were increments of serum cortisol (p = 0.03) and interleukin-6 in the autosuggestion group (p = 0.04). Interleukin-2, interferon-γ, and N-acetylaspartate/creatine ratio in prefrontal cortex showed a tendency to increase in the autosuggestion groups.
  
  
  
  Autosuggestion is associated with improvement of geriatrics' quality of life, serum cortisol level, and adaptive immunity. There is a better trend for neuroplasticity in prefrontal cortex in the autosuggestion group.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Universitas Indonesia , Jakarta , Indonesia.
authors.forename: Nina Kemala
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Sari
authors.affiliation: a Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Universitas Indonesia , Jakarta , Indonesia.
authors.forename: Siti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Setiati
authors.affiliation: b Department if Urology, Faculty of Medicine , Universitas Indonesia , Jakarta , Indonesia.
authors.forename: Akmal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taher
authors.affiliation: c Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine , Universitas Indonesia , Jakarta , Indonesia.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wiwie
authors.affiliation: d Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Universitas Indonesia , Jakarta , Indonesia.
authors.forename: Samsuridjal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Djauzi
authors.affiliation: e Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine , Universitas Indonesia , Jakarta , Indonesia.
authors.forename: Jacub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pandelaki
authors.affiliation: f Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine , Universitas Indonesia , Jakarta , Indonesia.
authors.forename: Jan Sudir
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Purba
authors.affiliation: g Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Universitas Indonesia , Jakarta , Indonesia.
authors.forename: Mohamad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sadikin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D001346:Autosuggestion; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D003401:Creatine / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508594:IL2 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D007371:Interferon-gamma; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D003401:Creatine; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Autosuggestion; geriatric; interferon-γ; neuroplasticity; quality of life; serum cortisol