title: Surgical Accuracy of 3-Tesla Versus 7-Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson Disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In deep brain stimulation (DBS), accurate placement of the lead is critical. Target definition is highly dependent on visual recognition on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We prospectively investigated whether the 7-T MRI enabled better visualization of targets and led to better placement of leads compared with the 1.5-T and the 3-T MRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients with PD (mean, 55 years) were scanned on 1.5-, 3-, and 7-T MRI before surgery. Tissue contrast and signal-to-noise ratio were measured. Target coordinates were noted on MRI and during surgery. Differences were analyzed with post-hoc analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 7-T MRI demonstrated a significant improvement in tissue visualization (P < 0.005) and signal-to-noise ratio (P < 0.005). However, no difference in the target coordinates was found between the 7-T and the 3-T MRI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the 7-T MRI enables a significant better visualization of the DBS target in patients with PD, we found no clinical benefit for the placement of the DBS leads.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peter Jan
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: van Laar
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: D L Marinus
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Oterdoom
authors.affiliation: Neuro Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gert J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Ter Horst
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Arjen L J
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: van Hulzen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eva K L
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: de Graaf
authors.affiliation: Imaging Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoogduin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Linda C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Meiners
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. Electronic address: j.m.c.van.dijk@umcg.nl.
authors.forename: J Marc C
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: van Dijk
mesh_terms: D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000601:surgery*; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: 7-Tesla MRI; Accuracy; Deep brain stimulation; Parkinson disease