title: A Comparison of Mixed-Method Cooling Interventions on Preloaded Running Performance in the Heat.
abstract: Stevens, CJ, Bennett, KJM, Sculley, DV, Callister, R, Taylor, L, and Dascombe, BJ. A comparison of mixed-method cooling interventions on preloaded running performance in the heat. J Strength Cond Res 31(3): 620-629, 2017-The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effect of combining practical methods to cool the body on endurance running performance and physiology in the heat. Eleven trained male runners completed 4 randomized, preloaded running time trials (20 minutes at 70% V[Combining Dot Above]O2max and a 3 km time trial) on a nonmotorized treadmill in the heat (33° C). Trials consisted of precooling by combined cold-water immersion and ice slurry ingestion (PRE), midcooling by combined facial water spray and menthol mouth rinse (MID), a combination of all methods (ALL), and control (CON). Performance time was significantly faster in MID (13.7 ± 1.2 minutes; p < 0.01) and ALL (13.7 ± 1.4 minutes; p = 0.04) but not PRE (13.9 ± 1.4 minutes; p = 0.24) when compared with CON (14.2 ± 1.2 minutes). Precooling significantly reduced rectal temperature (initially by 0.5 ± 0.2° C), mean skin temperature, heart rate and sweat rate, and increased iEMG activity, whereas midcooling significantly increased expired air volume and respiratory exchange ratio compared with control. Significant decreases in forehead temperature, thermal sensation, and postexercise blood prolactin concentration were observed in all conditions compared with control. Performance was improved with midcooling, whereas precooling had little or no influence. Midcooling may have improved performance through an attenuated inhibitory psychophysiological and endocrine response to the heat.
authors.affiliation: 1School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, Australia; 2Applied Sports Science and Exercise Testing Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia; 3School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia; 4ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Athlete Health and Performance Research Center, Doha, Qatar; and 5Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Kyle J M
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Dean V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Sculley
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Callister
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Ben J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Dascombe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D017679:Cryotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D012881:Skin Temperature; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water