title: Laparoscopic Cholecystoduodenostomy in Dogs: Canine Cadaver Feasibility Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility of laparoscopic cholecystoduodenostomy in canine cadavers using barbed self-locking sutures.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vivo experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fresh male Beagle cadavers (n=5).
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgery was performed by a single veterinary surgeon. Dogs were placed in dorsal recumbency and 15° reverse Trendelenburg position. The surgical procedure was performed with four 5 mm entry ports and a 5 mm 30° telescope. The cholecystoduodenostomy technique included dissection, incision of the gallbladder, and lavage, followed by gallbladder transposition over the duodenum, incision of the duodenum, and anastomosis. The latter was performed with a 4-0 barbed self-locking suture (V-Loc®180). Subsequently, a leak test was performed by submerging the anastomosis in saline and insufflating air into the duodenum through a catheter. Total operative time and completion times for each procedural step were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median total operative time was 151 minutes (range, 129-159). One conversion to open surgery occurred because of vascular hemorrhage. The 3 longest intraoperative steps were posterior wall anastomosis, gallbladder dissection, and anterior wall anastomosis. Intraoperative anastomotic leakage sites were identified in 3 of 5 dogs. Leaks were managed by placement of a single reinforcing conventional intracorporeal suture, which was adequate to obtain a watertight anastomosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This technique cannot be recommended in clinical practice until further studies are performed and the technique is further refined.
authors.affiliation: Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain.
authors.forename: Idoia
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Díaz-Güemes Martín-Portugués
authors.affiliation: Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maria Matos-Azevedo
authors.affiliation: Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Enciso Sanz
authors.affiliation: Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco Miguel
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Margallo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002102:Cadaver; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D002767:Cholecystostomy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D004285:Dogs / Q000601:surgery*; D004385:Duodenostomy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D013537:Sutures / Q000662:veterinary