title: Seasonal distribution and geochemical fractionation of heavy metals from surface sediment in a tropical estuary of Jeneberang River, Indonesia.
abstract: Lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) concentrations from surface sediments were determined at 17 stations in riverine, estuarine, and marine environments during the wet and dry seasons. The geochemical fractionations were obtained by a sequential extraction procedure in five geochemical forms: exchangeable, bound to carbonate, iron-manganese oxide, organic, and residual fractions. The concentrations of Pb and Zn in the water were higher during the wet season than the dry season and higher in the riverine and marine samples than the estuarine samples. Following geochemical fractionation, the metals were found mainly in the residual fraction. The results indicated that the concentrations were influenced by season, with the sources of Pb and Zn derived mainly from rivers and natural sources. The contamination status in the estuary of the Jeneberang River was classified as weak to moderate pollution and the risk level to aquatic biota attributed was no risk to low risk.
authors.affiliation: Marine Science Study Program, Khairun University, Ternate 97719, Indonesia. Electronic address: najamuddin313@gmail.com.
authors.lastname: Najamuddin
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Science and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Tri
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Prartono
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Science and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Harpasis S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Sanusi
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Science and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.
authors.forename: I Wayan
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Nurjaya
mesh_terms: D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D063366:Estuaries; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D007214:Indonesia; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D045483:Rivers; D012621:Seasons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D007854:Lead; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Geochemical fractionation; Jeneberang River estuary; Pb and Zn; Sediment