title: The ARIC-PET amyloid imaging study: Brain amyloid differences by age, race, sex, and APOE.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate differences in amyloid deposition in a community-based cohort without dementia by age, sex, race, education, and APOE ε4 allele status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recruited from the longitudinal Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, 329 participants without dementia, ages 67-88 years, were imaged using florbetapir PET at 3 US community sites (Washington County, Maryland; Forsyth County, North Carolina; and Jackson, Mississippi). Standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) were calculated; global cortical SUVR >1.2 was evaluated as the primary outcome. Age, race, sex, education level, and number of APOE ε4 alleles were evaluated in multivariable models including vascular risk factors, brain white matter hyperintensity and total intracranial volume, and cognitive status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 141 of the participants (43%) were black. In multivariable models, odds of elevated SUVR was increased in participants with increasing age (odds ratio [OR] 1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-2.65 per 10 years of age) and black race (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.23-3.51) but did not differ by educational level. Each ε4 allele was associated with increased odds of elevated SUVR (OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.61-4.39).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this community-based cohort without dementia, florbetapir uptake is associated with older age and APOE genotype. Black race was associated with higher SUVR, after adjusting for demographics, vascular risk factors, cognitive status, white matter hyperintensity volume, and APOE genotype, with effect sizes nearing those seen for APOE ε4. Replication of these findings is needed in other cohorts, and reasons for and consequences of these observed differences by race warrant further study.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (R.F.G., A.L.C.S.), Department of Radiology, Section of High-Resolution Brain PET Imaging (Y.Z., X.C., A.R., D.F.W.), and Departments of Psychiatry (D.F.W.) and Neuroscience (D.F.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Departments of Epidemiology (R.F.G., A.L.C.S., A.R.S.) and Environmental Health Sciences (D.F.W.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Radiology (E.G.) and Medicine (T.H.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Hagerstown Imaging (N.G.), MD; Department of Neurology (D.S.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Radiology (A.M.) and Division of Public Health Sciences (L.E.W.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC. rgottesm@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Rebecca F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Gottesman
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (R.F.G., A.L.C.S.), Department of Radiology, Section of High-Resolution Brain PET Imaging (Y.Z., X.C., A.R., D.F.W.), and Departments of Psychiatry (D.F.W.) and Neuroscience (D.F.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Departments of Epidemiology (R.F.G., A.L.C.S., A.R.S.) and Environmental Health Sciences (D.F.W.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Radiology (E.G.) and Medicine (T.H.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Hagerstown Imaging (N.G.), MD; Department of Neurology (D.S.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Radiology (A.M.) and Division of Public Health Sciences (L.E.W.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
authors.forename: Andrea L C
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (R.F.G., A.L.C.S.), Department of Radiology, Section of High-Resolution Brain PET Imaging (Y.Z., X.C., A.R., D.F.W.), and Departments of Psychiatry (D.F.W.) and Neuroscience (D.F.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Departments of Epidemiology (R.F.G., A.L.C.S., A.R.S.) and Environmental Health Sciences (D.F.W.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Radiology (E.G.) and Medicine (T.H.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Hagerstown Imaging (N.G.), MD; Department of Neurology (D.S.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Radiology (A.M.) and Division of Public Health Sciences (L.E.W.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (R.F.G., A.L.C.S.), Department of Radiology, Section of High-Resolution Brain PET Imaging (Y.Z., X.C., A.R., D.F.W.), and Departments of Psychiatry (D.F.W.) and Neuroscience (D.F.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Departments of Epidemiology (R.F.G., A.L.C.S., A.R.S.) and Environmental Health Sciences (D.F.W.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Radiology (E.G.) and Medicine (T.H.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Hagerstown Imaging (N.G.), MD; Department of Neurology (D.S.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Radiology (A.M.) and Division of Public Health Sciences (L.E.W.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
authors.forename: Xueqi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (R.F.G., A.L.C.S.), Department of Radiology, Section of High-Resolution Brain PET Imaging (Y.Z., X.C., A.R., D.F.W.), and Departments of Psychiatry (D.F.W.) and Neuroscience (D.F.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Departments of Epidemiology (R.F.G., A.L.C.S., A.R.S.) and Environmental Health Sciences (D.F.W.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Radiology (E.G.) and Medicine (T.H.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Hagerstown Imaging (N.G.), MD; Department of Neurology (D.S.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Radiology (A.M.) and Division of Public Health Sciences (L.E.W.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (R.F.G., A.L.C.S.), Department of Radiology, Section of High-Resolution Brain PET Imaging (Y.Z., X.C., A.R., D.F.W.), and Departments of Psychiatry (D.F.W.) and Neuroscience (D.F.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Departments of Epidemiology (R.F.G., A.L.C.S., A.R.S.) and Environmental Health Sciences (D.F.W.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Radiology (E.G.) and Medicine (T.H.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Hagerstown Imaging (N.G.), MD; Department of Neurology (D.S.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Radiology (A.M.) and Division of Public Health Sciences (L.E.W.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
authors.forename: Naresh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (R.F.G., A.L.C.S.), Department of Radiology, Section of High-Resolution Brain PET Imaging (Y.Z., X.C., A.R., D.F.W.), and Departments of Psychiatry (D.F.W.) and Neuroscience (D.F.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Departments of Epidemiology (R.F.G., A.L.C.S., A.R.S.) and Environmental Health Sciences (D.F.W.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Radiology (E.G.) and Medicine (T.H.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Hagerstown Imaging (N.G.), MD; Department of Neurology (D.S.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Radiology (A.M.) and Division of Public Health Sciences (L.E.W.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Knopman
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (R.F.G., A.L.C.S.), Department of Radiology, Section of High-Resolution Brain PET Imaging (Y.Z., X.C., A.R., D.F.W.), and Departments of Psychiatry (D.F.W.) and Neuroscience (D.F.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Departments of Epidemiology (R.F.G., A.L.C.S., A.R.S.) and Environmental Health Sciences (D.F.W.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Radiology (E.G.) and Medicine (T.H.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Hagerstown Imaging (N.G.), MD; Department of Neurology (D.S.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Radiology (A.M.) and Division of Public Health Sciences (L.E.W.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
authors.forename: Akiva
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mintz
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (R.F.G., A.L.C.S.), Department of Radiology, Section of High-Resolution Brain PET Imaging (Y.Z., X.C., A.R., D.F.W.), and Departments of Psychiatry (D.F.W.) and Neuroscience (D.F.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Departments of Epidemiology (R.F.G., A.L.C.S., A.R.S.) and Environmental Health Sciences (D.F.W.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Radiology (E.G.) and Medicine (T.H.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Hagerstown Imaging (N.G.), MD; Department of Neurology (D.S.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Radiology (A.M.) and Division of Public Health Sciences (L.E.W.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
authors.forename: Arman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahmim
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (R.F.G., A.L.C.S.), Department of Radiology, Section of High-Resolution Brain PET Imaging (Y.Z., X.C., A.R., D.F.W.), and Departments of Psychiatry (D.F.W.) and Neuroscience (D.F.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Departments of Epidemiology (R.F.G., A.L.C.S., A.R.S.) and Environmental Health Sciences (D.F.W.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Radiology (E.G.) and Medicine (T.H.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Hagerstown Imaging (N.G.), MD; Department of Neurology (D.S.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Radiology (A.M.) and Division of Public Health Sciences (L.E.W.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
authors.forename: A Richey
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sharrett
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (R.F.G., A.L.C.S.), Department of Radiology, Section of High-Resolution Brain PET Imaging (Y.Z., X.C., A.R., D.F.W.), and Departments of Psychiatry (D.F.W.) and Neuroscience (D.F.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Departments of Epidemiology (R.F.G., A.L.C.S., A.R.S.) and Environmental Health Sciences (D.F.W.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Radiology (E.G.) and Medicine (T.H.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Hagerstown Imaging (N.G.), MD; Department of Neurology (D.S.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Radiology (A.M.) and Division of Public Health Sciences (L.E.W.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
authors.forename: Lynne E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Wagenknecht
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (R.F.G., A.L.C.S.), Department of Radiology, Section of High-Resolution Brain PET Imaging (Y.Z., X.C., A.R., D.F.W.), and Departments of Psychiatry (D.F.W.) and Neuroscience (D.F.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Departments of Epidemiology (R.F.G., A.L.C.S., A.R.S.) and Environmental Health Sciences (D.F.W.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Radiology (E.G.) and Medicine (T.H.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Hagerstown Imaging (N.G.), MD; Department of Neurology (D.S.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Radiology (A.M.) and Division of Public Health Sciences (L.E.W.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
authors.forename: Dean F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (R.F.G., A.L.C.S.), Department of Radiology, Section of High-Resolution Brain PET Imaging (Y.Z., X.C., A.R., D.F.W.), and Departments of Psychiatry (D.F.W.) and Neuroscience (D.F.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Departments of Epidemiology (R.F.G., A.L.C.S., A.R.S.) and Environmental Health Sciences (D.F.W.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Radiology (E.G.) and Medicine (T.H.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Hagerstown Imaging (N.G.), MD; Department of Neurology (D.S.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Radiology (A.M.) and Division of Public Health Sciences (L.E.W.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Mosley
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D000483:Alleles; D000682:Amyloid / Q000378:metabolism*; D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000235:genetics*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D003071:Cognition; D004522:Educational Status; D005026:Ethylene Glycols / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D059907:Functional Neuroimaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D044469:Racial Groups; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D066127:White Matter / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000682:Amyloid; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D005026:Ethylene Glycols; C545186:florbetapir