title: Effects and molecular mechanism of chitosan-coated levodopa nanoliposomes on behavior of dyskinesia rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chitosan, the N-deacetylated derivative of chitin, is a cationic polyelectrolyte due to the presence of amino groups, one of the few occurring in nature. The use of chitosan in protein and drug delivery systems is being actively researched and reported in the literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, we used chitosan-coated levodopa liposomes to investigate the behavioral character and the expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa (DARPP-32) and FosB/ΔFosB in striatum of rat model of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). We found that scores of abnormal involuntary movement (AIM) decreased significantly in liposome group (P < 0.05), compared with levodopa group. Levels of phospho-ERK1/2, phospho-Thr34 DARPP-32 and FosB/ΔFosB in striatum decreased significantly in liposome group lesion side compared with levodopa group (P < 0.05). However, both of two groups above have significantly differences compared with the control group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chitosan-coated levodopa liposomes may be useful in reducing dyskinesias inducing for Parkinson disease. The mechanism might be involved the pathway of signaling molecular phospho-ERK1/2, phospho-Thr34 DARPP-32 and ΔFosB in striatum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xuebing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: College of pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dongzhi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, 261000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Sai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shengang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qineng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ping
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China. csyanxu2014@163.com.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D048271:Chitosan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051937:Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32 / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007980:Levodopa / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008081:Liposomes; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008297:Male; D053758:Nanoparticles; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011897:Random Allocation; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015259:Dopamine Agents; D051937:Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32; C483819:Fosb protein, mouse; D008081:Liposomes; C497929:Ppp1r1b protein, mouse; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D007980:Levodopa; D048271:Chitosan; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases
keywords: DARPP-32; Dyskinesia; ERK1/2; FosB/ΔFosB; Levodopa liposomes