title: A dual-readout chemiluminescent-gold lateral flow test for multiplex and ultrasensitive detection of disease biomarkers in real samples.
abstract: Even though the gold lateral flow test (GLFT) is low-cost and allows for point-of-care testing (POCT), its intrinsic limitations including low sensitivity and incapability of quantification significantly hinder the clinical application of GLFT for assaying disease biomarkers. To improve the performance of the GLFT without sacrificing its simplicity, we develop a chemiluminescent-gold lateral flow test (C-mode GLFT) for quantitative and multiplex detection of disease biomarkers with an ultrahigh sensitivity at a picomolar level. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and antibody (Ab) are simultaneously labeled onto the surface of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to achieve a dual-readout (chemiluminescent and visual, C&V-mode GLFT). A red color appears at the test line caused by the accumulation of captured AuNPs in the presence of targets, while HRP on the surface of AuNPs catalyzes the chemiluminescence reaction of luminol to amplify the signal. C-mode GLFT is successfully used for detecting tumor biomarkers (alpha fetoprotein, AFP, and carcino embryonic antigen, CEA) and bacterial infection biomarkers (procalcitonin, PCT) in serum samples as well as whole blood. The excellent features of C-mode GLFT such as straightforward operation, ultrahigh sensitivity and quantitative detection, make it a promising platform for POCT of a variety of disease biomarkers in real samples.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China. xingyujiang@nanoctr.cn.
authors.forename: Yiping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China. xingyujiang@nanoctr.cn.
authors.forename: Jiashu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China. xingyujiang@nanoctr.cn.
authors.forename: Yunlei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xianyu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China. xingyujiang@nanoctr.cn.
authors.forename: Binfeng
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China. xingyujiang@nanoctr.cn.
authors.forename: Yajing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China. xingyujiang@nanoctr.cn and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
authors.forename: Songbai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China. xingyujiang@nanoctr.cn.
authors.forename: Fengjing
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China. xingyujiang@nanoctr.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaoqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute for Tropical Medicine; Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95, Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China. xingyujiang@nanoctr.cn.
authors.forename: Xingyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D006046:Gold; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008165:Luminol; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; D008165:Luminol; D006046:Gold; D002116:Calcitonin; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase