title: Restoration of Elbow Flexion.
abstract: Active elbow flexion is required to position the hand in space, and loss of this function is debilitating. Nerve transfers or nerve grafts to restore elbow flexion may be options when the target muscle is viable, but in delayed reconstruction when the biceps and brachialis are atrophied or damaged, muscle transfer options should be considered. Muscle transfer options are discussed with attention to the advantages and disadvantages of each transfer option.
authors.affiliation: OrthoCarolina Hand Center, 1915 Randolph Road, Charlotte, NC 28207, USA. Electronic address: Bryan.loeffler@orthocarolina.com.
authors.forename: Bryan J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Loeffler
authors.affiliation: OrthoCarolina Hand Center, 1915 Randolph Road, Charlotte, NC 28207, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D001132:Arm; D001917:Brachial Plexus / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000601:surgery*; D016067:Nerve Transfer; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000601:surgery; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D020127:Recovery of Function; D064171:Superficial Back Muscles / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Elbow flexion; Latissimus dorsi; Pectoralis major; Steindler flexorplasty; Tendon transfer; Triceps to biceps