title: Emerging therapies for the treatment of skeletal muscle wasting in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease that constitutes a major global health burden. A significant proportion of patients experience skeletal muscle wasting and loss of strength as a comorbidity of their COPD, a condition that severely impacts on their quality of life and survival. At present, the lung pathology is considered to be largely irreversible; however, the inherent adaptability of muscle tissue offers therapeutic opportunities to tackle muscle wasting and potentially reverse or delay the progression of this aspect of the disease, to improve patients' quality of life. Muscle wasting in COPD is complex, with contributions from a number of factors including inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, growth and anabolic hormones, nutritional status, and physical activity. In this review, we discuss current and emerging therapeutic approaches to treat muscle wasting in COPD, including a number of pharmacological therapies that are in development for muscle atrophy in other pathological states that could be of relevance for treating muscle wasting in COPD patients.
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Samantha L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Passey
authors.affiliation: Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Michelle J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia; Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bozinovski
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Christine F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, La Trobe University and Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Anne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia; Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: ross.vlahos@rmit.edu.au.
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vlahos
mesh_terms: D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D015444:Exercise; D005978:Glutathione / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D055435:Myostatin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000819:agonists; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D019282:Wasting Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D055435:Myostatin; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); Comorbidities; Pulmonary rehabilitation; Skeletal muscle; Therapeutic strategies; Wasting