title: In vitro assessment of the antimicrobial susceptibility of caprine isolates of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri.
abstract: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum mycoplasmacidal concentration (MMC) of 17 antimicrobials against 41 Spanish caprine isolates of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc) obtained from different specimens (milk, external auricular canal and semen) were determined using a liquid microdilution method. For half of the isolates, the MIC was also estimated for seven of the antimicrobials using an epsilometric test (ET), in order to compare both methods and assess the validity of ET. Mutations in genes gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE conferring fluoroquinolone resistance, which have been recently described in Mmc, were investigated using PCR. The anatomical origin of the isolate had no effect on its antimicrobial susceptibility. Moxifloxacin and doxycycline had the lowest MIC values. The rest of the fluoroquinolones studied (except norfloxacin), together with tylosin and clindamycin, also had low MIC values, although the MMC obtained for clindamycin was higher than for the other antimicrobials. For all the aminoglycosides, spiramycin and erythromycin, a notable level of resistance was observed. The ET was in close agreement with broth microdilution at low MICs, but not at intermediate or high MICs. The analysis of the genomic sequences revealed the presence of an amino acid substitution in codon 83 of the gene gyrA, which has not been described previously in Mmc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n., 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paterna
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n., 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tatay-Dualde
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n., 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Amores
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n., 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prats-van der Ham
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n., 30100 Murcia, Spain. Electronic address: asanlope@um.es.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n., 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de la Fe
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n., 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Contreras
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n., 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Corrales
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n., 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Á
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Gómez-Martín
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004424:Ear Canal / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D006041:Goats; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology; D009176:Mycoplasma mycoides / Q000187:drug effects*; D011002:Pleuropneumonia, Contagious / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Epsilometric test; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Minimum mycoplasmacidal concentration; Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri; gyrA mutation