title: Comparison of effect of kangaroo mother care, breastfeeding and swaddling on Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination pain score in healthy term neonates by a clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this research was to compare the analgesic effect of kangaroo mother care (KMC), breastfeeding and swaddling in Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination in term neonates.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized 120 healthy term neonates who received routine BCG vaccination in the first day of their life are distributed into three groups. In group 1, neonates breastfed two minutes before, during and one minute after BCG vaccination. In group 2, neonates received KMC 10 minutes before, during and one minute after vaccination and in group 3, they were swaddled 10 minutes before, during and one minute after vaccination. Primary outcomes included pain score during, one minute and two minutes after BCG vaccination and obtaining pain score of less than three during vaccination .
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain scores during, one minute and two minutes after vaccination in group 1 were lower than in groups 2 and 3. Group 1 had higher success rate in painless vaccination and had lower crying duration in comparison to another groups (p < 0.05) Conclusion: Breastfeeding was more effective than KMC and swaddling in reduction of BCG vaccination pain in healthy term neonates.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatrics , Growth Disorders of Children Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Yazd , Iran.
authors.forename: Razieh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fallah
authors.affiliation: b Shahid Sadoughi Hospital , Yazd , Iran.
authors.forename: Naeimah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Naserzadeh
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatrics , Growth Disorders of Children Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Yazd , Iran.
authors.forename: Farzad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferdosian
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pathology , Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Yazd , Iran.
authors.forename: Fariba
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Binesh
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001942:Breast Feeding; D003448:Crying; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D060127:Kangaroo-Mother Care Method; D008297:Male; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D000073818:Procedural Pain / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014611:Vaccination / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine
keywords: Breastfeeding; kangaroo mother care; neonate; swaddling; vaccination pain