title: Cultural Validation and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Geriatric Pain Measure in the Elderly.
abstract: Many pain problems and untreated pain are known to adversely affect the quality of life of the elderly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Geriatric Pain Measure (GPM) in the elderly.
  
  
  
  This research was carried out on 244 elderly who were recruited from a university hospital. Content validity, criterion validity, and factorial construct validity were used to test the validity stages; internal consistency and item analysis were used to determine the reliability of the Turkish GPM.
  
  
  
  For content validity, the Kendall goodness-of-fit correlation test was performed (Kendall's W = 0.275, P = 0.07). The criterion validity of the GPM was determined by item analysis based on the differences between averages of upper-lower group item scores that were significant (t = 38.597, P < 0.005). According to the factor analysis results of the scale, factor loadings were significant, with standardized loadings ranging from 0.40 to 0.87. Cronbach's alpha was found to be reliable for the total scale (0.85), and subscale alpha coefficients ranged from 0.67 to 0.93. The item analysis of the scale showed that all of the correlations between the items of the scale were significant.
  
  
  
  The Turkish version of the GPM was found to be a reliable and valid tool to measure the quality and severity of pain in the elderly.
authors.affiliation: Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gulsah
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dursun
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, Akdeniz University Faculty of Nursing, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hicran
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bektas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D035843:Biomedical Research; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Turkey; geriatric pain measure; pain; reliability; validity