title: Structural Change in Microbiota by a Probiotic Cocktail Enhances the Gut Barrier and Reduces Cancer via TLR2 Signaling in a Rat Model of Colon Cancer.
abstract: Structural change in the gut microbiota is implicated in cancer. The beneficial modulation of the microbiota composition with probiotics and prebiotics prevents diseases.
  
  
  
  We investigated the effect of oligofructose-maltodextrin-enriched Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacteria bifidum, and Bifidobacteria infantum (LBB), on the gut microbiota composition and progression of colorectal cancer.
  
  
  
  Sprague Dawley rats were acclimatized, given ampicillin (75 mg/kg), and treated as follows; GCO: normal control; GPR: LBB only; GPC: LBB+ 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH); and GCA: DMH only (cancer control). 16S V4 Pyrosequencing for gut microbiota analysis, tumor studies, and the expression of MUC2, ZO-1, occludin, TLR2, TLR4, caspase 3, COX-2, and β-catenin were conducted at the end of experiment.
  
  
  
  Probiotic LBB treatment altered the gut microbiota. The relative abundance of genera Pseudomonas, Congregibacter, Clostridium, Candidactus spp., Phaeobacter, Escherichia, Helicobacter, and HTCC was decreased (P < 0.05), but the genus Lactobacillus increased (P < 0.05), in LBB treatment than in cancer control. The altered gut microbiota was associated with decreased tumor incidence (80 % in GPC vs. 100 % in GCA, P = 0.0001), tumor volume (GPC 84.23 (42.75-188.4) mm(3) vs. GCA 243 (175.5-344.5) mm(3), P < 0.0001) and tumor multiplicity/count (GPC 2.92 ± 0.26 vs. GCA 6.27 ± 0.41; P < 0.0001). The expression of MUC2, ZO-1, occludin, and TLR2 was increased, but expression of TLR4, caspase 3, Cox-2, and β-catenin was decreased by LBB treatment than in cancer control GCA (P < 0.05).
  
  
  
  Administration of LBB modulates the gut microbiota and reduces colon cancer development by decreasing tumor incidence, multiplicity/count, and volume via enhanced TLR2-improved gut mucosa epithelial barrier integrity and suppression of apoptosis and inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.|Laboratory Department, Tamale Teaching Hospital, Post Office Box 16, Tamale, Ghana.
authors.forename: Eugene Dogkotenge
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Kuugbee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
authors.forename: Xueqi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
authors.forename: Yaser
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gamallat
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
authors.forename: Djibril
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bamba
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
authors.forename: Annoor
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Awadasseid
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
authors.forename: Mohammed Ahmed
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Suliman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
authors.forename: Shizhu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.affiliation: Department of Acute Abdominal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China.
authors.forename: Yufang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
authors.forename: Gift
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chiwala
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China. jimxinyi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China. tougao1771@163.com.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shang
mesh_terms: D019813:1,2-Dimethylhydrazine / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D000069985:Bifidobacterium bifidum; D000070236:Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007779:Lactobacillus acidophilus; D008297:Male; D055262:Mucin-2 / Q000235:genetics; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics; D047368:Tumor Burden / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; C524628:Muc2 protein, rat; D055262:Mucin-2; C495343:Tlr2 protein, rat; C495347:Tlr4 protein, rat; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C489691:Ptgs2 protein, rat; D019813:1,2-Dimethylhydrazine
keywords: Bifidobacteria; Colorectal cancer; Lactobacillus; Microbiota; Probiotics; Toll-like receptors (TLRs)