title: Involvement of Mucosal-associated Invariant T cells in Ankylosing Spondylitis.
abstract: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the axial and peripheral joints and ligamentous attachments. Gut immunity is thought to be involved in AS, because a prominent coexistence of gut and joint inflammation has been observed in patients with AS. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are preferentially located in the gut lamina propria and produce inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 17 (IL-17) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which are therapeutic targets for AS. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of MAIT cells in AS.
  
  
  
  The frequency of MAIT cells and their cytokine production were determined in patients with AS and healthy controls (HC). The expression of a MAIT cell activation marker (CD69) was analyzed in patients with AS by using flow cytometry.
  
  
  
  The frequency of MAIT cells in the peripheral blood was lower in patients with AS compared with HC. The levels of IL-17 produced by MAIT cells after activation were higher in patients with AS than in the HC. CD69 expression on MAIT cells correlated with the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score in patients with AS.
  
  
  
  These results suggest the involvement of MAIT cells in the pathogenesis of AS.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, and Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.E. Hayashi, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; A. Chiba, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Tada, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Haga, MD, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Kitagaichi, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; S. Nakajima, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Kusaoi, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; F. Sekiya, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Ogasawara, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Yamaji, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; N. Tamura, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; Y. Takasaki, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; S. Miyake, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Eri
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, and Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.E. Hayashi, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; A. Chiba, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Tada, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Haga, MD, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Kitagaichi, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; S. Nakajima, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Kusaoi, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; F. Sekiya, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Ogasawara, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Yamaji, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; N. Tamura, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; Y. Takasaki, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; S. Miyake, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine. s-miyake@juntendo.ac.jp a-chiba@juntendo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Asako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, and Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.E. Hayashi, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; A. Chiba, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Tada, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Haga, MD, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Kitagaichi, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; S. Nakajima, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Kusaoi, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; F. Sekiya, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Ogasawara, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Yamaji, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; N. Tamura, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; Y. Takasaki, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; S. Miyake, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Kurisu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, and Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.E. Hayashi, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; A. Chiba, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Tada, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Haga, MD, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Kitagaichi, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; S. Nakajima, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Kusaoi, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; F. Sekiya, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Ogasawara, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Yamaji, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; N. Tamura, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; Y. Takasaki, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; S. Miyake, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haga
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, and Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.E. Hayashi, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; A. Chiba, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Tada, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Haga, MD, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Kitagaichi, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; S. Nakajima, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Kusaoi, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; F. Sekiya, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Ogasawara, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Yamaji, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; N. Tamura, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; Y. Takasaki, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; S. Miyake, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Mie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitagaichi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, and Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.E. Hayashi, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; A. Chiba, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Tada, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Haga, MD, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Kitagaichi, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; S. Nakajima, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Kusaoi, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; F. Sekiya, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Ogasawara, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Yamaji, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; N. Tamura, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; Y. Takasaki, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; S. Miyake, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Shihoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, and Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.E. Hayashi, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; A. Chiba, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Tada, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Haga, MD, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Kitagaichi, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; S. Nakajima, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Kusaoi, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; F. Sekiya, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Ogasawara, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Yamaji, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; N. Tamura, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; Y. Takasaki, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; S. Miyake, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Makio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kusaoi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, and Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.E. Hayashi, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; A. Chiba, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Tada, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Haga, MD, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Kitagaichi, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; S. Nakajima, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Kusaoi, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; F. Sekiya, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Ogasawara, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Yamaji, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; N. Tamura, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; Y. Takasaki, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; S. Miyake, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sekiya
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, and Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.E. Hayashi, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; A. Chiba, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Tada, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Haga, MD, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Kitagaichi, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; S. Nakajima, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Kusaoi, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; F. Sekiya, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Ogasawara, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Yamaji, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; N. Tamura, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; Y. Takasaki, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; S. Miyake, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Michihiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogasawara
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, and Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.E. Hayashi, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; A. Chiba, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Tada, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Haga, MD, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Kitagaichi, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; S. Nakajima, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Kusaoi, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; F. Sekiya, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Ogasawara, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Yamaji, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; N. Tamura, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; Y. Takasaki, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; S. Miyake, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaji
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, and Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.E. Hayashi, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; A. Chiba, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Tada, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Haga, MD, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Kitagaichi, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; S. Nakajima, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Kusaoi, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; F. Sekiya, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Ogasawara, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Yamaji, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; N. Tamura, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; Y. Takasaki, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; S. Miyake, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, and Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.E. Hayashi, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; A. Chiba, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Tada, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Haga, MD, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Kitagaichi, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; S. Nakajima, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Kusaoi, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; F. Sekiya, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Ogasawara, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Yamaji, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; N. Tamura, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; Y. Takasaki, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; S. Miyake, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Yoshinari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takasaki
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, and Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.E. Hayashi, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; A. Chiba, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Tada, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Haga, MD, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Kitagaichi, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; S. Nakajima, MD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Kusaoi, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; F. Sekiya, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; M. Ogasawara, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; K. Yamaji, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; N. Tamura, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; Y. Takasaki, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine; S. Miyake, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine. s-miyake@juntendo.ac.jp a-chiba@juntendo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyake
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000072336:Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013167:Spondylitis, Ankylosing / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: ACTIVATION MARKER; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; INTERLEUKIN 17; MAIT CELLS