title: Management of T1 Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: What Do We Know and What Do We Need To Know?
abstract: T1 bladder cancer constitutes approximately 25% of incident bladder cancers, and as such carries an important public health impact. Notably, it has a heterogeneous natural history, with large variation in reported oncologic outcomes. Optimal risk-stratification is essential to individualize patient management, targeting those at greatest risk of progression for aggressive therapies such as early cystectomy, while allowing others to safely pursue bladder-preserving approaches including intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerrin (BCG). Current strategies for diagnosis, risk-stratification, and treatment are imperfect, but emerging technologies and molecular approaches represent exciting opportunities to advance clinical paradigms in management of this disease entity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gershman
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Boorjian
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Ulm , Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hautmann
keywords: T1; bladder cancer; intravesical therapy; management; risk-stratification