title: Retinal toxicity induced by antimalarial drugs: literature review and case report.
abstract: Antimalarial drugs are widely used in several countries for control of rheumatologic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. They are still used in Mexico because of their low cost and few secondary effects, most of which are mild and reversible. Even so, at an ophthalmological level, they could produce irreversible visual damage, which is why it is important to have ophthalmological evaluation and proper follow up. We present a clinical case as an example of characteristic ophthalmological findings as well as risk factors for retinal toxicity. We then discuss guidelines for diagnosis and follow up of patients who use antimalarial drugs for the treatment of rheumatologic illnesses.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México. Address: Centro Médico Hidalgo, Avenida Hidalgo 2425 Poniente, Séptimo piso, Consultorio 706, Colonia Obispado, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México. Email: dr.manuel.garza@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garza-Leon
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Diana Elsa
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Flores-Alvarado
authors.affiliation: Fundación Destellos de Luz, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Juan Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Bravo
mesh_terms: D000962:Antimalarials / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials
keywords: antimalarials; chloroquine; hydroxychloroquine; retina; retinopathy; toxicity