title: Fibrosis and coronary perfusion - a cardiovascular disease risk in an African male cohort: The SABPA study.
abstract: Low-grade inflammation has been correlated with risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Whether the pro-inflammatory and thrombotic ratio (fibrosis) may contribute to CVD is not known. We therefore aimed to assess whether Cornell Product left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is associated with fibrosis and coronary perfusion (silent ischemia) in a bi-ethnic male cohort from South Africa. A cross sectional study was conducted including 165 African and Caucasian men between the ages of 20-65. Fasting blood samples were obtained to measure fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). Ambulatory blood pressure, ECG and 12 lead ECG measures were obtained to determine silent ischemic events (ST events) and LVH, respectively. Africans revealed more silent ischemia, higher 24 h blood pressure, inflammatory, coagulation as well as fibrosis levels than Caucasians. In a low-grade inflammatory state (CRP > 3 mg/l), Africans revealed higher fibrosis (p ≤ 0.01) values, but lower IL-6 and TNF-α values than Caucasians. Linear regression analyses in several models demonstrated positive associations between silent ischemia and fibrosis [Adj. R(2) 0.23; ß 0.35 (95% CI 0.13, 0.58), p ≤ 0.01]. In a low-grade inflammatory state (CRP>3mg/l), fibrinogen predicted AV-block in African men [OR 3.38 (95% CI 2.24, 4.53); p = 0.04]. Low-grade inflammation may induce AV-block through mechanisms involving fibrosis and ischemia to increase the burden on the heart in African men.
authors.affiliation: a Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART) , North-West University , Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa.
authors.forename: Esmé
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jansen van Vuren
authors.affiliation: a Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART) , North-West University , Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa.
authors.forename: Leoné
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Malan
authors.affiliation: b Medicine Usage in South Africa (MUSA) , North-West University , Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa.
authors.forename: Marike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cockeran
authors.affiliation: a Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART) , North-West University , Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa.
authors.forename: Jacobus D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Scheepers
authors.affiliation: a Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART) , North-West University , Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa.
authors.forename: Woudri
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Oosthuizen
authors.affiliation: a Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART) , North-West University , Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa.
authors.forename: Nicolaas T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Malan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054537:Atrioventricular Block / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology; D044383:Black People / Q000208:ethnology; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D013019:South Africa / Q000208:ethnology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D044465:White People / Q000208:ethnology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: AV-block; Africans; left ventricular hypertrophy; low-grade inflammation; silent ischemia