title: Prevalence of Early Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease in Healthy Army Personnel.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Screening and detection of early stages of CKD can help institute interventions that may delay the progression of the disease. One aim was to study the prevalence of early stages of CKD in the Army.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of Army Personnel in an Army cantt in Central India was carried out. All participants filled a structured questionnaire and anthropometric data was collected. Investigative profile included routine urine exam, semi-quantitative microalbuminuria (MAU), serum creatinine, lipid profile and fasting blood glucose. Glomerular Filteration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Diseases (MDRD) study equation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1920 subjects were examined with 731 (38.07%) from Arms and 1189 (61.93%) from Services. 348 were excluded and of the remaining 1572 subjects, 141 (8.97 %) had MAU and 157 (9.99 %) had deranged Albumin Creatinine Ratio (ACR). Mean eGFR by MDRD equation was 102 ± 25.84 ml/min/1.73m (2) . Early CKD was seen in 150 (9.54 %) with 84 (5.34 %) in stage I CKD, 55 (3.5%) in stage II and 11 (0.7%) in stage III. Multiple logistic regression showed BMI > 23, the presence of DM and HTN were independent risk factors for CKD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  9.54% of healthy army personnel were found to have early stages of CKD. Institution of screening programs can result in early detection of CKD.
authors.affiliation: Dy Commandant, Army Hospital (R&R), Delhi Cantt-10.
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Varma
authors.affiliation: Classified Specialist (Pathology), Base Hospital, Delhi Cantt.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Raman
authors.affiliation: Joint Dir (Med & Health), MISO, New Delhi.
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Ramakrishnan
authors.affiliation: JDAFMS (Pensions), O/o DGAFMS.
authors.forename: Pragnya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Singh
keywords: Chronic kidney disease; Microalbuminuria; Prevalence; Screening