title: Stem Cell Therapy and Administration Routes After Stroke.
abstract: Cell-based therapy has demonstrated safety and efficacy in experimental animal models of stroke, as well as safety in stroke patients. However, various questions remain regarding the therapeutic window, dosage, route of administration, and the most appropriate cell type and source, as well as mechanisms of action and immune-modulation to optimize treatment based on stem cell therapy. Various delivery routes have been used in experimental stroke models, including intracerebral, intraventricular, subarachnoid, intra-arterial, intraperitoneal, intravenous, and intranasal routes. From a clinical point of view, it is necessary to demonstrate which is the most feasible, safest, and most effective for use with stroke patients. Therefore, further experimental studies concerning the safety, efficacy, and mechanisms of action involved in these therapeutic effects are required to determine their optimal clinical use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ (Health Research Institute), Autonomous University of Madrid, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Berta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Frutos
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ (Health Research Institute), Autonomous University of Madrid, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Otero-Ortega
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ (Health Research Institute), Autonomous University of Madrid, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain. mgutierrezfernandez@salud.madrid.org.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Fernández
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ (Health Research Institute), Autonomous University of Madrid, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Blanca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fuentes
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ (Health Research Institute), Autonomous University of Madrid, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramos-Cejudo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ (Health Research Institute), Autonomous University of Madrid, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain. exuperio.diez@salud.madrid.org.
authors.forename: Exuperio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Díez-Tejedor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Administration routes; Stem cell therapy; Stroke; Translational research