title: Protective effect of gentiopicroside against dextran sodium sulfate induced colitis in mice.
abstract: This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the pure compound gentiopicroside (Gent) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in a mouse model and to explore the possible related mechanisms. Experimental colitis was induced in ICR mice by dissolving 5% DSS in their drinking water for 7days. Gent (200, 100, and 50mg/kg) and 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA, 100mg/kg) were oral administrated once a day for 7days. Anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by comparing extend of colonic mucosal injury assessed by disease activity index (DAI), colon length, histopathological examination, and biochemical test. The possible mechanisms of Gent activities were explored by evaluating expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 using real-time fluorogenic PCR and expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) using Western blotting. The results showed that oral administration of Gent significantly attenuated DSS-induced loss of body weight, diarrhea, shortening of colon length and histological changes, associated with the decrease in the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the colon. In addition, the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and the overexpression of COX-2 and iNOS proteins in the colon were down-regulated by Gent treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that Gent treatment can exert anti-inflammatory effects on experimental acute colitis through attenuating the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS and COX-2, and it may present the therapeutic potential in the treatment of colitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
authors.forename: Ya-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Li
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
authors.forename: Ru
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China. Electronic address: Li_yuxiang@163.com.
authors.forename: Yu-Xiang
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Ningxia Hui Medicine Modern Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China. Electronic address: yujq910315@163.com.
authors.forename: Jian-Qiang
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides; C012997:gentiopicroside; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2
keywords: Anti-inflammatory activity; Cyclooxygenase-2; Gentiopicroside; Inducible nitric oxide synthase; Pro-inflammatory cytokines