title: Distribution and clinical association of plasma soluble ST2 during the development of type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  ST2 plays important roles in diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, the distribution and changes in plasma soluble ST2 during the development of type 2 diabetes remain unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, 525 subjects were recruited and divided into three groups: normal, prediabetic and diabetic subjects. The sST2 levels of all subjects were measured using a high-sensitivity assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  sST2 levels were modestly but significantly elevated in patients with diabetes (26.1ng/ml) compared with normal subjects (19.3ng/ml, P<0.001) and persons with prediabetes (20.3ng/ml, P<0.001). The third and fourth quartiles (21.3 and 29.1ng/ml, respectively) of the sST2 levels were associated with a 2.31- and 4.00-fold increased risk of having diabetes. With the prediabetic group as a reference population, patients with sST2 levels in the fourth quartiles had a higher increased risk of having diabetes mellitus (odds ratios=2.19, P<0.05). Furthermore, each SD log sST2 was associated with a 1.57-fold increased risk of atherosclerosis when all relevant variables was added to the multivariable logistic regression models. After adjustment for age and sex, all markers of liver and renal function, HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol and smoking status showed a significant association with sST2 levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated sST2 levels were not only associated with metabolic characteristics of diabetes but also with a significantly increased risk of having diabetes.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Clinical Laboratory Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ya-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure Center Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Rong-Cheng
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Cardiovascular Bio-bank Centre, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Li-Bo
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Clinical Laboratory Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Kai-Juan
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Clinical Laboratory Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhong-Ni
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Clinical Laboratory Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure Center Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Clinical Laboratory Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Clinical Laboratory Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. Electronic address: kangjinsuofuwai@sina.com.
authors.forename: Jin-Suo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000072179:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood*; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C079241:IL1RL1 protein, human; D000072179:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Prediabetes; Type 2 diabetes; sST2