title: Optimizing Aerosol Dispensers for Mating Disruption of Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella L.
abstract: Experiments were conducted in commercial apple orchards to determine if improved efficiencies in pheromone delivery may be realized by using aerosol pheromone dispensers for codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella L., mating disruption. Specifically, we tested how reducing: pheromone concentration, period of dispenser operation, and frequency of pheromone emission from aerosol dispensers affected orientational disruption of male CM to pheromone-baited monitoring traps. Isomate® CM MIST formulated with 50 % less codlemone (3.5 mg/ emission) provided orientation disruption equal to the standard commercial formulation (7 mg / emission). Decreased periods of dispenser operation (3 and 6 h) and frequency of pheromone emission (30 and 60 min) provided a level of orientational disruption similar to the current standard protocol of releasing pheromone over a 12 h period on a 15 min cycle, respectively. These three modifications provide a means of substantially reducing the amount of pheromone necessary for CM disruption. The savings accompanying pheromone conservation could lead to increased adoption of CM mating disruption and, moreover, provide an opportunity for achieving higher levels of disruption by increasing dispenser densities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA. mcgheeps@gmail.com.|DuPont Crop Protection, 4815 NW Bruno PL, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA. mcgheeps@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: McGhee
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Pacific Biocontrol Corporation, 14615 NE 13th Ct, Vancouver, WA, 98685, Canada.
authors.forename: Donald R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
authors.forename: Larry J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Gut
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005260:Female; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009036:Moths / Q000187:drug effects*; D012724:Sex Attractants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D012724:Sex Attractants
keywords: Aerosol dispenser; Codling moth; Mating disruption; Pheromone; Pheromone delivery