title: The feasibility and safety of cryoablation as an adjuvant therapy with transurethral resection of bladder tumor: A pilot study.
abstract: The potential for transurethral resection (TUR) to result in residual tumors in patients with muscle invasive or high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) may affect local recurrence or progression. This study attempted to evaluate the feasibility and safety of cryoablation as an adjuvant therapy with TUR to treat bladder tumor.
  
  
  
  Patients who met inclusion criteria between December 2014 and August 2015 in our institute was included. The inclusion criteria were as followed: 1) urothelial carcinoma; 2) non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer or 3) stage T2 muscle invasive bladder cancer meeting with the following two conditions, solitary and less than 3 cm in size. Ten patients underwent TUR followed by immediate transurethral cryoablation of the tumor resection bed. All patients underwent pathological re-evaluation during follow-up cystoscopy.
  
  
  
  The cryoablation was successfully performed without bladder perforation during the procedures. No grade II-V complications were observed. Among these patients, two had T2a stage tumors, three had T1 stage tumors and five had Ta stage tumors. The median follow-up of cases was 9 months (range 9-14 months). During follow-up, tumor recurrence was observed in three patients. Only one recurrence occurred in the primary tumor site.
  
  
  
  Cryoablation as an adjuvant therapy with TUR for bladder tumors was feasible and safe. The potential benefit was to eliminate the residual tumor to the greatest extent.
authors.affiliation: Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Shenghua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Limin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Lujia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: haowenjiang.urol@outlook.com.
authors.forename: Haowen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Bladder cancer; Cryoablation; Feasibility; Safety; Transurethral resection