title: Cyclodialysis: an update.
abstract: Cyclodialysis is the result of the separation of the longitudinal ciliary muscle fibers from the scleral spur, which creates an abnormal pathway for aqueous humor drainage that may lead to ocular hypotony. For many years cyclodialysis was considered a treatment option for glaucoma. However, today it usually occurs as a complication of blunt trauma or more rarely as a complication of anterior segment ocular surgery. Ocular hypotony can lead to cataract development, optic disk swelling, refractive changes, and several retinal complications, making accurate identification and timely intervention of the cleft mandatory. Traditionally gonioscopy was the only available technique to diagnose and localize the cleft. However, other tests such as optical coherence tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, transillumination, and specially ultrasound biomicroscopy are now available for the diagnosis of cyclodialysis. Multiple treatment options are also available for this condition. Although medical treatment can be effective to close small clefts, surgery is needed in most patients to restore ocular pressure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Henares, Américo Castro 102 6ºA, 28050, Coslada, Madrid, Spain. juliogmm@yahoo.es.|University Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain. juliogmm@yahoo.es.
authors.forename: Julio
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8056-2630
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: González-Martín-Moro
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Inés
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Contreras-Martín
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Surgery, Alcalá de Henares University, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco José
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Negrete
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Henares, Américo Castro 102 6ºA, 28050, Coslada, Madrid, Spain.|Complutense University School of Optometry, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gómez-Sanz
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Henares, Américo Castro 102 6ºA, 28050, Coslada, Madrid, Spain.|University Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zarallo-Gallardo
mesh_terms: D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D006068:Gonioscopy; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D033401:Microscopy, Acoustic; D015814:Ocular Hypotension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Blunt eye trauma; Cyclodialysis; Cyclopexia; Gonioscopy; Ocular hypotony; Ultrasound biomicroscopy