title: Investigation of the effect of UV-LED exposure conditions on the production of vitamin D in pig skin.
abstract: The dietary intake of vitamin D is currently below the recommended intake of 10-20μg vitamin D/day. Foods with increased content of vitamin D or new products with enhanced vitamin D are warranted. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are a potential new resource in food production lines. In the present study the exposure conditions with ultraviolet (UV) LEDs were systematically investigated in the wavelength range 280-340nm for achieving optimal vitamin D bio-fortification in pig skin. A wavelength of 296nm was found to be optimal for vitamin D3 production. The maximum dose of 20kJ/m(2) produced 3.5-4μg vitamin D3/cm(2) pig skin. Vitamin D3 produced was independent on the combination of time and intensity of the LED source. The increased UV exposure by UV-LEDs may be readily implemented in existing food production facilities, without major modifications to the process or processing equipment, for bio-fortifying food products containing pork skin.
authors.affiliation: National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
authors.forename: Line Lundbæk
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Barnkob
authors.affiliation: Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
authors.forename: Aikaterini
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Argyraki
authors.affiliation: Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
authors.forename: Paul Michael
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.affiliation: National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark. Electronic address: jeja@food.dtu.dk.
authors.forename: Jette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jakobsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005527:Food, Fortified; D008029:Lighting / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000069466:Red Meat / Q000032:analysis* / Q000528:radiation effects; D012666:Semiconductors; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D013552:Swine; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000378:metabolism*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: Bio-fortification; Light-emitting diodes; Ultra violet light; Vitamin D