title: Acute kidney damage induced by low- and iso-osmolar contrast media in rats: Comparison study with physiologic MRI and histologic-gene examination.
abstract: To investigate the physiopathological effects of low- and iso-osmolar contrast media (CM) on renal function with physiologic MRI and histologic-gene examination.
  
  
  
  Forty-eight rats underwent time-course DWI and DCE-MRI at 3.0 Tesla (T) before and 5-15 min after exposure of CM or saline (Iop.370: 370 mgI/mL iopromide; Iod.320: 320 mgI/mL iodixanol; Iod.270: 270 mgI/mL iodixanol; 4 gI/kg body weight). Intrarenal viscosity was reflected by apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Renal physiologies were evaluated by DCE-derived glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal blood flow (RBF), and renal blood volume (RBV). Potential acute kidney injury (AKI) was determined by histology and the expression of kidney injury molecule 1 (Kim-1).
  
  
  
  Iop.370 mainly increased ADC in inner-medulla (△ADCIM: 12.3 ± 11.1%; P < 0.001). Iod.320 and Iod.270 mainly decreased ADC in outer-medulla (△ADCIM; Iod.320: 16.8 ± 7.5%; Iod.270: 18.1 ± 9.5%; P < 0.001) and inner-medulla (△ADCIM; Iod.320: 28.4 ± 9.3%; Iod.270: 30.3 ± 6.3%; P < 0.001). GFR, RBF and RBV were significantly decreased by Iod.320 (△GFR: 45.5 ± 24.1%; △RBF: 44.6 ± 19.0%; △RBV: 35.2 ± 10.1%; P < 0.001) and Iod.270 (33.2 ± 19.0%; 38.1 ± 15.6%; 30.1 ± 10.1%; P < 0.001), while rarely changed by Iop.370 and saline. Formation of vacuoles and increase in Kim-1 expression was prominently detected in group of Iod.320, while rarely in Iod.270 and Iop.370.
  
  
  
  Iso-osmolar iodixanol, given at high-dose, produced prominent AKI in nonhydrated rats. This renal dysfunction could be assessed noninvasively by physiologic MRI.
  
  
  
  1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:291-302.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Chen-Jiang
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Mei-Ling
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ning
authors.initials: XN
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Xi-Sheng
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Bin
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Dong
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids; C044834:iodixanol
keywords: contrast-induced acute kidney injury; diffusion-weighted imaging; dynamic MR renography; renal function