title: Magnetic resonance imaging for distinguishing ovarian clear cell carcinoma from high-grade serous carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To compare the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) and high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), to distinguish CCC from HGSC.
  
  
  METHODS
  MRI features (laterality, shape, size, configuration, papillary projection, signal intensity, enhancement, peritoneal implant, lymphadenopathy, ascites) of 40 tumors in 37 patients with CCC, confirmed by surgery and pathology, were compared with those of 62 tumors in 40 patients with HGSC. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney and Fisher's exact tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant difference in the mean maximum diameter, laterality, and FIGO stage (P = 0.002, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively) between CCC and HGSC. Compared to HGSCs, CCCs were more frequently oval (30/40, 75 % vs 12/62, 19 %; P < 0.001), more often cystic (21/40, 53 % vs 8/62, 13 %; P < 0.001) and unilocular (23/29, 79 % vs 7/31, 23 %; P < 0.001), had T1-hyperintense cystic components more often (18/29, 62 % vs 5/29, 17 %; P < 0.001), had larger papillary projections (5.13 ± 0.4 cm vs 2.91 ± 0.3 cm; P < 0.001), were peritoneally implanted less frequently (P = 0.001) and had fewer ascites (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CCC typically showed an oval, unilocular cystic mass with large papillary projection and T1-hyperintense cystic components. MRI could be helpful for distinguishing CCC from HGSC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai, 200011, Huangpu District, China.
authors.forename: Feng-Hua
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 1508 Longhang Road, Shanghai, 201508, Jinshan District, China. dr.jinweiqiang@163.com.
authors.forename: Jin-Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Qiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai, 200011, Huangpu District, China. guofuzh@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guo-Fu
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 1508 Longhang Road, Shanghai, 201508, Jinshan District, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Ming
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 1508 Longhang Road, Shanghai, 201508, Jinshan District, China.
authors.forename: Song-Qi
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
authors.forename: Ya-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D018262:Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018284:Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D047368:Tumor Burden
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Clear cell carcinoma; High-grade serous carcinoma; Magnetic resonance imaging; Ovary