title: The Efficacy of a Transurethral Incision for Diurnal and Nocturnal Enuresis in Young Males.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study, we investigated the effects of treatment with a transurethral incision (TUI) for congenital urethral stenosis, which was accompanied by diurnal and nocturnal enuresis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 21 young males who presented to our department for the treatment of diurnal and nocturnal enuresis from January 2010 to March 2014. All patients underwent TUI due to urethral stricture found by a close investigation. We surveyed each case to evaluate the improvement of diurnal and/or nocturnal enuresis after TUI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One and a half years after TUI, an improvement in diurnal enuresis was observed in 17 of 21 cases (80.9%), whereas that of nocturnal enuresis was observe in only 7 of 21 cases (33.3%), showing the significant contribution of TUI to the improvement of diurnal enuresis (p = 0.001). In the case of diurnal enuresis, continual improvement was observed more than a year after surgery, whereas no improvement was observed in nocturnal enuresis at more than 6 months after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TUI is more effective for diurnal enuresis than nocturnal enuresis. At postoperative 6 months, clinicians should thus consider other etiologies for unresponsive cases and start other treatment options.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Shohei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tobu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ichibagase
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Saya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ikoma
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuma
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Udo
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Maki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nanri
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Uozumi
keywords: Pediatric case; Surgical treatment; Urinary incontinence