title: Walking activity during daily living in children with myelomeningocele.
abstract: To quantify the walking activity of children with myelomeningocele during daily living.
  
  
  
  Walking activity was measured using a StepWatch activity monitor over one week in 47 children with myelomeningocele (27 males; 9 years 11 months SD 2 years 7 months; 18 sacral, 9 low lumbar, 20 mid-high lumbar) and seven children with typical development (5 males; 11 years 1 month SD 1 year 11 months) in a prospective, cross-sectional study. Average total steps per day, number of steps and minutes spent at low, medium and high intensity stepping were evaluated. Groups were compared using t-tests and chi-squared tests with Bonferroni post-hoc adjustment.
  
  
  
  Children with sacral and low lumbar myelomeningocele exhibited no significant differences in demographic characteristics or walking performance compared to typically developing children. Children with mid-high lumbar myelomeningocele exhibited higher BMI percentile than the control group (p = 0.04) and took fewer total steps per day than all other groups (p ≤ 0.04). Children with mid-high lumbar myelomeningocele also spent significantly less time taking steps at all intensity levels, particularly medium-intensity, than the sacral and low lumbar groups (p ≤ 0.04).
  
  
  
  Children with sacral and low lumbar myelomeningocele had walking performance similar to typically developing children despite a common need for braces and assistive devices. Children with mid-high lumbar myelomeningocele were less active, which may lead to heightened risk for secondary health conditions in addition to those associated with myelomeningocele. Implications for Rehabilitation Obesity, muscle weakening and disuse osteoporosis are issues for those with myelomeningocele, all of which are affected by walking activity. Understanding walking activity and intensity in children and adolescents with myelomeningocele may aid in developing focused rehabilitation interventions and strategies. Real world walking activity as an objective and quantified measure has the potential to help guide therapists and surgeons to more effective treatments.
authors.affiliation: a Children's Orthopaedic Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yasmeh
authors.affiliation: a Children's Orthopaedic Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Mueske
authors.affiliation: b Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Siamak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yasmeh
authors.affiliation: a Children's Orthopaedic Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.|b Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Deirdre D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.affiliation: a Children's Orthopaedic Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.|b Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Tishya A L
authors.initials: TAL
authors.lastname: Wren
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008591:Meningomyelocele / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Myelomeningocele; pedometer; spina bifida; walking activity