title: Effects of modified penoplasty for concealed penis in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of modified penoplasty in the management of concealed penis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed 96 consecutive patients with concealed penis, which had been surgically corrected between July 2013 and July 2015. All patients underwent modified Shiraki phalloplasty. All patients were scheduled for regular follow-up at 1, 3, and 6 months after the surgery. Data on the patients' age, operative time, postoperative complications, and parents' satisfaction grade were collected and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean follow-up period was 17.4 months (range 7-31 months). The mean operative time was 63.2 ± 8.7 min. The mean perpendicular penile length was 1.89 ± 0.77 cm preoperatively and 4.42 ± 0.87 cm postoperatively, with an improved mean length of 2.5 ± 0.68 cm in the flaccid state postoperatively (p < 0.05). The patients' satisfaction grades after the surgery were improved significantly (p < 0.05). Fifty-two patients had penile lymphedema postoperatively; however, it disappeared spontaneously within 3 months. Additionally, postoperative wound infection occurred in two patients. There were no complications such as flap necrosis, penile shaft contracture, voiding difficulty, and erection difficulties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The modified Shiraki phalloplasty for concealed penis can achieve maximum utilization of prepuce to assure coverage of the exposed penile shaft. It has fewer complications, achieving marked asthetics, and functional improvement. It is a relatively ideal means for treating concealed penis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Urology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Ge
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
authors.forename: Xian-Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Bo
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
authors.forename: Chun-Qiang
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China. 26844922@qq.com.
authors.forename: Ti-Quan
authors.initials: TQ
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010413:Penis / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D010688:Phimosis / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods
keywords: Complication; Concealed penis; Penoplasty; Satisfaction grade