title: Quantitative assessment of chemical artefacts produced by propionylation of histones prior to mass spectrometry analysis.
abstract: Histone PTMs play a crucial role in regulating chromatin structure and function, with impact on gene expression. MS is nowadays widely applied to study histone PTMs systematically. Because histones are rich in arginine and lysine, classical shot-gun approaches based on trypsin digestion are typically not employed for histone modifications mapping. Instead, different protocols of chemical derivatization of lysines in combination with trypsin have been implemented to obtain "Arg-C like" digestion products that are more suitable for LC-MS/MS analysis. Although widespread, these strategies have been recently described to cause various side reactions that result in chemical modifications prone to be misinterpreted as native histone marks. These artefacts can also interfere with the quantification process, causing errors in histone PTMs profiling. The work of Paternoster V. et al. is a quantitative assessment of methyl-esterification and other side reactions occurring on histones after chemical derivatization of lysines with propionic anhydride [Proteomics 2016, 16, 2059-2063]. The authors estimate the effect of different solvents, incubation times, and pH on the extent of these side reactions. The results collected indicate that the replacement of methanol with isopropanol or ACN not only blocks methyl-esterification, but also significantly reduces other undesired unspecific reactions. Carefully titrating the pH after propionic anhydride addition is another way to keep methyl-esterification under control. Overall, the authors describe a set of experimental conditions that allow reducing the generation of various artefacts during histone propionylation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soldi
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cuomo
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bonaldi
mesh_terms: D000089:Acetic Anhydrides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000812:Anhydrides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D001120:Arginine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D016477:Artifacts; D042421:Histone Code; D006657:Histones / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007553:Isotope Labeling / Q000379:methods; D008239:Lysine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000592:standards; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000032:analysis*; D010449:Peptide Mapping; D011422:Propionates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D014357:Trypsin / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000089:Acetic Anhydrides; D000812:Anhydrides; D006657:Histones; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011422:Propionates; D012997:Solvents; C031800:acetic anhydride; D001120:Arginine; C096126:propionic anhydride; D014357:Trypsin; D008239:Lysine
keywords: Histone post-translational modifications; Lysine alkylation; Mass spectrometry; Methyl-esterification; Propionylation