title: The versatility of profunda femoral artery perforator flap for oncological reconstruction after cancer resection-Clinical cases and review of literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The profunda feomris artery perforator (PAP) flap was recently revisited and gains popularity as an alternative method of autologous breast reconstruction. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that PAP flap can be used reliably for reconstruction of various soft tissue defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 55 free PAP flaps and 16 pedicle PAP flaps were transferred in 63 patients. Each case was reviewed to verify a PAP flap was performed identifying defect location, flap size, flap design, and postoperative complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven flaps in five patients underwent breast reconstructions, 48 patients underwent head and neck reconstructions using free PAP flaps. The mean perforator number was 1.9, and the average pedicles length was 9.7 cm. The majority of perforators were musculocutaneous, and the others were septocutaneous. The mean ischemia time was 121.4 min. Minor complications included wound poor healing, flap partial necrosis, and pedicle vessels problems. Sixteen pedicle PAP flaps were transferred in 10 patients for vulvar reconstruction. Minor complications included urinary tract infection, poor wound healing, wound infection, hematoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The anatomy and number of perforators of PAP flap are reliable with adequate pedicle length. This flap can be an excellent option for reconstruction of most soft tissue defects. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:193-201. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jung-Ju
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jerry Chih-Wei
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Miffy Chia-Yu
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Huei
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000637:transplantation; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D061525:Perforator Flap / Q000637:transplantation*; D014846:Vulvar Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: PAP flap; microsurgery; perforator flap; profunda artery; reconstruction