title: Ameliorative Effect of Vanillic Acid on Serum Bilirubin, Chronotropic and Dromotropic Properties in the Cholestasis-Induced Model Rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The liver modulates several important roles, such as metabolism and liver cirrhosis, which have several cardiovascular problems. Due to preservative role of antioxidant agents in cardiovascular disease, consequently, many of them are applied as medicinal plants in traditional medicine. Vanillic acid (VA), as an antioxidant agent, has a principal preservative role on some diseases. In this study, the effect of vanillic acid was examined on heart rate (as chronotropic property), P-R interval (as dromotropic property), and serum bilirubin in cholestasis-induced model rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-250 g were allocated into four groups, and each group contained eight rats as follows: Control (normal saline, 1 ml/kg, gavage, daily for 4 weeks), cirrhotic (normal saline, 1 ml/kg, gavage, daily for 4 weeks), vanillic acid (10 mg/kg, gavage, daily for 4 weeks), cirrhotic treated with vanillic acid (10 mg/kg, gavage, daily for 4 weeks). Chronic biliary cirrhosis was induced in cirrhotic groups by four weeks Bile Duct Ligation (BDL). At the first day and four weeks after surgery, the animals were anesthetized, electrocardiograms were recorded (lead II), and chronotropic and dromotropic properties (HR and PR interval) were investigated. At the end of experimental duration, the animals were anesthetized, and blood samples were taken to measure serum bilirubin. The results were analyzed using t-test and one-way ANOVA by SPSS software, version 22.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After induced of BDL, the results presented that laboratory parameter (bilirubin) in the cirrhotic group significantly increased compared to the control group. The P-R interval was reduced in the cirrhotic group compared to the control group, and there was no significant difference between heart rate in all groups. Bilirubin were reduced in cirrhotic groups treated with vanillic acid (VA) compared to cirrhotic group and also administration of VA in the cirrhotic treated with VA increased dromotropic property in comparison with the cirrhotic group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the results obtained in this study, preventing elevated bilirubin and increase dromotropic property in cirrhotic group taking the VA suggested that the consumption of vanillic acid as an antioxidant can be effective in the prevention of liver diseases.
authors.affiliation: M.Sc. of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Narges
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Atefipour
authors.affiliation: Ph.D. of Physiology, Faculty Member, Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dianat
authors.affiliation: Ph.D. of Physiology, Faculty Member, Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Badavi
authors.affiliation: Ph.D. of Physiology, Faculty Member, Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarkaki
keywords: biliary cirrhosis; bilirubin; chronotropic; dromotropic; rat; vanillic acid