title: Genomic characterization of the uncultured Bacteroidales family S24-7 inhabiting the guts of homeothermic animals.
abstract: Our view of host-associated microbiota remains incomplete due to the presence of as yet uncultured constituents. The Bacteroidales family S24-7 is a prominent example of one of these groups. Marker gene surveys indicate that members of this family are highly localized to the gastrointestinal tracts of homeothermic animals and are increasingly being recognized as a numerically predominant member of the gut microbiota; however, little is known about the nature of their interactions with the host.
  
  
  
  Here, we provide the first whole genome exploration of this family, for which we propose the name "Candidatus Homeothermaceae," using 30 population genomes extracted from fecal samples of four different animal hosts: human, mouse, koala, and guinea pig. We infer the core metabolism of "Ca. Homeothermaceae" to be that of fermentative or nanaerobic bacteria, resembling that of related Bacteroidales families. In addition, we describe three trophic guilds within the family, plant glycan (hemicellulose and pectin), host glycan, and α-glucan, each broadly defined by increased abundance of enzymes involved in the degradation of particular carbohydrates.
  
  
  
  "Ca. Homeothermaceae" representatives constitute a substantial component of the murine gut microbiota, as well as being present within the human gut, and this study provides important first insights into the nature of their residency. The presence of trophic guilds within the family indicates the potential for niche partitioning and specific roles for each guild in gut health and dysbiosis.
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Kate L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Ormerod
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: David L A
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lachner
authors.affiliation: Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.
authors.forename: Shaan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Gellatly
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Joshua N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.affiliation: QFAB Bioinformatics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Jeremy D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.affiliation: Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Cristiana G O
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Dal'Molin
authors.affiliation: Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Robin W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Palfreyman
authors.affiliation: Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Lars K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: Microbial Biology and Metagenomics, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.affiliation: Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.
authors.forename: Philip M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Hansbro
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. p.hugenholtz@uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hugenholtz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D041963:Bacteroidetes / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D056186:Metagenomics / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D064307:Microbiota; D048368:Phascolarctidae / Q000382:microbiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011134:Polysaccharides
keywords: Comparative genomics; Gut microbiome; Homeothermaceae; Metagenomics; Population genomes; S24-7