title: Normal Skin Microbiota is Altered in Pre-clinical Hidradenitis Suppurativa.
abstract: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease defined by recurrent nodules, tunnels (sinus tracts) and scarring involving the intertriginous regions. The clinical course of HS is compatible with a biofilm-driven disease, and biofilm has been described in lesional HS skin. We therefore hypothesized that clinically unaffected HS skin would also have an increased presence of biofilm compared with that of healthy controls. We conducted a case-control study, investigating the morphology of the axillary skin microbiota. Peptide nucleic acid - fluorescence in situ hybridization probes were used in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Significant differences were found in both distribution and quantity of the cutaneous microbiota in clinically non-affected axillary skin of patients with HS compared with healthy controls. Surprisingly, we detected fewer bacteria and less biofilm in patients with HS. The reduced microbiota in patients with HS may play an important role in the early course of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zealand, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. hrin@regionsjaelland.dk.
authors.forename: Hans Christian
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Ring
authors.forename: Lene
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bay
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kallenbach
authors.forename: Iben M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Errol
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Prens
authors.forename: Ditte M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Saunte
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bjarnsholt
authors.forename: Gregor B E
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Jemec
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001365:Axilla; D018441:Biofilms; D001706:Biopsy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D017497:Hidradenitis Suppurativa / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008297:Male; D064307:Microbiota; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008875:Middle Aged; D012867:Skin / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult