title: Associations of Guideline Recommended Medications for Acute Coronary Syndromes With Fall-Related Hospitalizations and Cardiovascular Events in Older Women With Ischemic Heart Disease.
abstract: Guidelines for acute coronary syndrome recommend statins, β-blockers, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors or renin-angiotensin system blockers, and antiplatelet agents for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events. The aim was to examine associations between guideline recommended medications and fall-related hospitalizations and cardiovascular events in robust and frail older women.
  
  
  
  2002-2011 surveys from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health linked with administrative hospital, pharmaceutical and death registry data (2003-mid-2011) were used. Eight hundred eighty-five women (82.7±2.7 years, range 76-90) had prior admission for ischemic heart disease and ≥1 claims for any of the four medication classes. Four hundred thirteen (46.7%) were robust and 472 (53.3%) were frail. Fall-related admissions; cardiovascular event-related admissions or death; and cardiovascular death were recorded. Associations between each of the exposures and outcomes were analyzed using survival analyses with noncardiovascular death as a competing risk.
  
  
  
  There were 192 fall-related admissions and 314 cardiovascular events including 82 deaths. Using four recommended classes (compared to using one) was associated with increased risks of fall-related admissions (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24-5.33), but not with cardiovascular events (HR = 1.41, CI = 0.97-2.05) or cardiovascular death (HR = 0.68, CI = 0.35-1.34). Associations for fall-related admissions were stronger in frail participants (HR = 5.46, CI = 1.34-22.30) than robust (HR = 1.37, CI = 0.48-3.95).
  
  
  
  In older women with ischemic heart disease, the combination of the four recommended medication classes was associated with increased risk of falls, particularly among frail women, with no statistically significant gain in cardiovascular health. The risks of falls and consequential morbidity in women over 75 needs consideration when prescribing medications after myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, geeske.peeters@monash.edu.
authors.forename: Geeske
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy.
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Tett
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy.
authors.forename: Samantha A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hollingworth
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Danijela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gnjidic
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Sarah N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Hilmer
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Annette J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Dobson
authors.affiliation: Royal North Shore Hospital, Kolling Institute and University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Ruth E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hubbard
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic
keywords: accidental falls; beta-blocker; ischemic heart disease; mortality.; pharmaceutical therapy; statin