title: A Comparative Study of Land Cover Classification by Using Multispectral and Texture Data.
abstract: The main objective of this study is to find out the importance of machine vision approach for the classification of five types of land cover data such as bare land, desert rangeland, green pasture, fertile cultivated land, and Sutlej river land. A novel spectra-statistical framework is designed to classify the subjective land cover data types accurately. Multispectral data of these land covers were acquired by using a handheld device named multispectral radiometer in the form of five spectral bands (blue, green, red, near infrared, and shortwave infrared) while texture data were acquired with a digital camera by the transformation of acquired images into 229 texture features for each image. The most discriminant 30 features of each image were obtained by integrating the three statistical features selection techniques such as Fisher, Probability of Error plus Average Correlation, and Mutual Information (F + PA + MI). Selected texture data clustering was verified by nonlinear discriminant analysis while linear discriminant analysis approach was applied for multispectral data. For classification, the texture and multispectral data were deployed to artificial neural network (ANN: n-class). By implementing a cross validation method (80-20), we received an accuracy of 91.332% for texture data and 96.40% for multispectral data, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of CS & IT, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Salman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qadri
authors.affiliation: Department of CS & IT, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Dost Muhammad
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Sciences, CIIT Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Farooq
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Photo-Electronic Imaging Technology and System, School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Syed Furqan
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Qadri
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Masroor Ellahi
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Babar
authors.affiliation: Department of CS & IT, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahid
authors.affiliation: Department of CS & IT, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muzammil
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ul-Rehman
authors.affiliation: Department of CS, NFC IET, Multan, Punjab 60000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Razzaq
authors.affiliation: Department of CS, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Syed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shah Muhammad
authors.affiliation: Department of CS & IT, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fahad
authors.affiliation: Department of CS, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sarfraz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Tariq
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Pervez
authors.affiliation: Department of CS, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Nasir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Naveed
authors.affiliation: Department of CS, NFC IET, Multan, Punjab 60000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Naeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aslam
authors.affiliation: Department of CS & IT, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mutiullah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jamil
authors.affiliation: Department of CS & IT, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ejaz Ahmad
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Rehmani
authors.affiliation: Department of CS & IT, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Nazir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Information Technology, University of Central Punjab (UCP), Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Naeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akhtar Khan
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D017753:Ecosystem; D005843:Geography; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D010154:Pakistan; D010781:Photography; D058998:Remote Sensing Technology; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013472:Sunlight; D013997:Time Factors