title: Peripheral vascular function, oxygen delivery and utilization: the impact of oxidative stress in aging and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
abstract: The aging process appears to be a precursor to many age-related diseases, perhaps the most impactful of which is cardiovascular disease (CVD). Heart disease, a manifestation of CVD, is the leading cause of death in the USA, and heart failure (HF), a syndrome that develops as a consequence of heart disease, now affects almost six million American. Importantly, as this is an age-related disease, this number is likely to grow along with the ever-increasing elderly population. Hallmarks of the aging process and HF patients with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) include exercise intolerance, premature fatigue, and limited oxygen delivery and utilization, perhaps as a consequence of diminished peripheral vascular function. Free radicals and oxidative stress have been implicated in this peripheral vascular dysfunction, as a redox imbalance may directly impact the function of the vascular endothelium. This review aims to bring together studies that have examined the impact of oxidative stress on peripheral vascular function and oxygen delivery and utilization with both healthy aging and HFrEF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.|Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Bldg 2, Rm 1D25, 500 Foothill Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148, USA.|Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: D Walter
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Wray
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.|Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Bldg 2, Rm 1D25, 500 Foothill Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148, USA.|Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amann
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. r.richardson@hsc.utah.edu.|Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Bldg 2, Rm 1D25, 500 Foothill Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148, USA. r.richardson@hsc.utah.edu.|Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. r.richardson@hsc.utah.edu.
authors.forename: Russell S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000502:physiology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D014655:Vascular Resistance
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Blood flow; Cardiovascular disease; Endothelial function; Free radicals; O2; Oxygen transport