title: Musculoskeletal pain and re-employment among unemployed job seekers: a three-year follow-up study.
abstract: Poor health is a potential risk factor for not finding employment among unemployed individuals. We investigated the associations between localized and multiple-site musculoskeletal pain and re-employment in a three-year follow-up of unemployed job seekers.
  
  
  
  Unemployed people (n = 539) from six localities in southern Finland who participated in various active labour market policy measures at baseline in 2002/2003 were recruited into a three-year health service intervention trial. A questionnaire was used to collect data on musculoskeletal health and background characteristics at baseline and on employment status at the end of the follow-up. We conducted a complete case (n = 284) and multiple imputation analyses using logistic regression to investigate the association between baseline musculoskeletal pain and re-employment after three years.
  
  
  
  Participants with severe pain in the lower back were less likely to become re-employed. This was independent of potential confounding variables. Pain in the hands/upper extremities, neck/shoulders, lower extremities, as well as multiple site were not determinants of re-employment.
  
  
  
  Our findings lend some support to the hypothesis that poor health can potentially cause health selection into employment. There is the need to disentangle health problems in order to clearly appreciate their putative impact on employment. This will allow for more targeted interventions for the unemployed.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland. Chioma.nwaru@uta.fi.
authors.forename: Chioma A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Nwaru
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Clas-Håkan
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Nygård
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Virtanen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D010809:Physical Fitness; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014478:Unemployment; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Localized pain; Multiple pain sites; Musculoskeletal pain; Re-employment; Unemployment