title: Imaging of Esophageal Lymph Node Metastases by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry.
abstract: Histopathological assessment of lymph node metastases (LNM) depends on subjective analysis of cellular morphology with inter-/intraobserver variability. In this study, LNM from esophageal adenocarcinoma was objectively detected using desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI). Ninety lymph nodes (LN) and their primary tumor biopsies from 11 esophago-gastrectomy specimens were examined and analyzed by DESI-MSI. Images from mass spectrometry and corresponding histology were coregistered and analyzed using multivariate statistical tools. The MSIs revealed consistent lipidomic profiles of individual tissue types found within LNs. Spatial mapping of the profiles showed identical distribution patterns as per the tissue types in matched IHC images. Lipidomic profile comparisons of LNM versus the primary tumor revealed a close association in contrast to benign LN tissue types. This similarity was used for the objective prediction of LNM in mass spectrometry images utilizing the average lipidomic profile of esophageal adenocarcinoma. The multivariate statistical algorithm developed for LNM identification demonstrated a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 89.5%, 100%, 100%, and 97.2%, respectively, when compared with gold-standard IHC. DESI-MSI has the potential to be a diagnostic tool for perioperative identification of LNM and compares favorably with techniques currently used by histopathology experts. Cancer Res; 76(19); 5647-56. ©2016 AACR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 10th Floor QEQM Wing, St Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abbassi-Ghadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 6th Floor Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ottmar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Golf
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 10th Floor QEQM Wing, St Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sacheen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 10th Floor QEQM Wing, St Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Antonowicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 6th Floor Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 10th Floor QEQM Wing, St Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Juzheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 6th Floor Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Strittmatter
authors.affiliation: Centre for Pathology, Imperial College London, 4th Floor Clarence Wing, St Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 6th Floor Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Emrys A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 6th Floor Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kirill
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Veselkov
authors.affiliation: Centre for Pathology, Imperial College London, 4th Floor Clarence Wing, St Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goldin
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 6th Floor Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom. z.takats@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Zoltan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Takats
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 10th Floor QEQM Wing, St Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: George B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Hanna
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*