title: The Multiple Object Test as a Performance Based Tool to Assess Cognitive Driven Activity of Daily Living Function in Parkinson's Disease.
abstract: There is need for multidimensional quantitative assessment of cognitive driven activities of daily living (ADL) functions in Parkinson's disease (PD).
  
  
  
  To determine whether there is an ADL profile related to cognitive impairment in PD assessed by the Multiple Object Test (MOT). We assumed MOT performance to be lower in PD patients versus controls and in PD patients with more severe cognitive impairment.
  
  
  
  50 PD patients with no cognitive impairment (PD-NC), 54 patients with PD-mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), 29 with Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), and 40 healthy controls (HC) were investigated. Besides comprehensive cognitive testing, the MOT, a performance based test consisting of five routine tasks (e.g., preparing a cup of coffee), was applied. Quantitative (total errors and time) and qualitative (error type) MOT parameters were analyzed.
  
  
  
  Total time and number of MOT errors was increased in PD patients compared to controls (p < 0.001). These parameters also differentiated PDD patients from other cognitive groups (p < 0.05). No control subject had ≥ 4 errors in the MOT, but 30% of PD patients, especially PDD, scored above this cut-off. Omission (p < 0.001) and mislocation (p < 0.03) errors were more prominent in PDD than other cognitive groups. Perplexity errors did not differ between PD-MCI and PDD but between PD-NC and PDD (p = 0.01). MOT parameters discriminating between cognitive groups correlated mainly with lower test performance in psychomotor speed and executive function.
  
  
  
  Performance based testing is promising to identify quantitative and qualitative ADL aspects differentiating between different cognitive groups which might be helpful for an early detection of PDD.
authors.affiliation: German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.|Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Glonnegger
authors.affiliation: German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.|Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beyle
authors.affiliation: German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.|Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cerff
authors.affiliation: German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.|Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gräber
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Gertrudis Hospital, Leun-Biskirchen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Csoti
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany.|Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.affiliation: German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.|Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Inga
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Liepelt-Scarfone
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Activities of daily living; Parkinson’s disease; cognition; dementia; performance-based assessment