title: The Role and Use of Estrogens Following Trauma.
abstract: Several lines of evidence indicate that female sex is a protective factor in trauma and hemorrhage. In both clinical and experimental studies, proestrus females have been shown to have better chances of survival and reduced rates of posttraumatic sepsis. Estrogen receptors are expressed in a variety of tissues and exert genomic, as well as nongenomic effects. By improving cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, and immune function, estrogens have been shown to prolong survival in animal models of hemorrhagic shock. Despite encouraging results from experimental studies, retrospective clinical studies have not clearly pointed to advantages of estrogens following trauma-hemorrhage, which may be due to insufficient study design. Therefore, this review aims to give an overview on the current evidence and emphasizes on the importance of further clinical investigation on estrogens following trauma.
authors.affiliation: *Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Campus Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany †Center for Surgical Research and Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
authors.forename: Maximilian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weniger
authors.forename: Martin K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Angele
authors.forename: Irshad H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Chaudry
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004967:Estrogens / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen