title: Profiling the mobile-only population in Australia: insights from the Australian National Health Survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Australian population that relies on mobile phones exclusively has increased from 5% in 2005 to 29% in 2014. Failing to include this mobile-only population leads to a potential bias in estimates from landline-based telephone surveys. This paper considers the impacts on selected health prevalence estimates with and without the mobile-only population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using data from the Australian Health Survey - which, for the first time, included a question on telephone status - we examined demographic, geographic and health differences between the landline-accessible and mobile-only population. These groups were also compared to the full population, controlling for the sampling design and differential non-response patterns in the observed sample through weighting and benchmarking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The landline-accessible population differs from the mobile-only population for selected health measures resulting in biased prevalence estimates for smoking, alcohol risk and private health insurance coverage in the full population. The differences remain even after adjusting for age and gender.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using landline telephones only for conducting population health surveys will have an impact on prevalence rate estimates of health risk factors due to the differing profiles of the mobile-only population from the landline-accessible population.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland. b.baffour@uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baffour
authors.affiliation: Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haynes
authors.affiliation: Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland.
authors.forename: Shane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dinsdale
authors.affiliation: Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Western
authors.affiliation: Social Research Centre, Victoria.|Australian Centre for Applied Social Research Methods, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory.
authors.forename: Darren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pennay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia; D040421:Cell Phone / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012494:Sampling Studies; D013689:Telephone; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: coverage bias; health surveys; landline surveys; mobile phone sampling; non-response bias