title: Exploratory study to suggest the possibility of MMP-8 and MMP-9 serum levels as early markers for remission after traumatic spinal cord injury.
abstract: METHODS
  A prospective observational study reporting the correlation between matrix metalloprotein serum levels and remission after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate serum cytokine levels as predictive markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Germany, Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2010 and 2015, data sets from 115 patients (33 female, 82 male) after traumatic SCI were recorded at the BG Trauma Centre Ludwigshafen. We examined the serum levels of Matix metallopraoteinases (MMPs) MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-10 and MMP-12 over a 12-week period, that is, at admission and 4, 9, 12 h, 1 and 3 days and 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after trauma. Following the same match-pair procedure as in our previous studies, we selected 10 patients with SCI and neurological remission (Group 1) and 10 patients with an initial American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) A grade and no neurological remission (Group 0). Ten patients with an isolated vertebral fracture without neurological deficits served as a control group (Group C). Our analysis was performed using a Luminex Performance Human High Sensitivity Cytokine Panel. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the predictive value of MMPs with respect to neurological remission vs no neurological remission.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MMP-8 and MMP-9 provided significantly different values. The favoured predictive model allows to differentiate between neurological remission and no neurological remission in 97% of cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that further studies with an enlarged collective are warranted in order to investigate current monitoring, prognostic and tracking techniques as well as scoring systems.
authors.affiliation: HTRG Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moghaddam
authors.affiliation: HTRG Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.affiliation: HTRG Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Swing
authors.affiliation: Spine Center, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akbar
authors.affiliation: HTRG Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: H-J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Gerner
authors.affiliation: Department of Paraplegiology, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Biglari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D053506:Matrix Metalloproteinase 10 / Q000097:blood; D053508:Matrix Metalloproteinase 12 / Q000097:blood; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000097:blood; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 / Q000097:blood*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010243:Paralysis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C511770:MMP10 protein, human; D053506:Matrix Metalloproteinase 10; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; C488762:MMP8 protein, human; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C507122:MMP12 protein, human; D053508:Matrix Metalloproteinase 12