title: [Developmental characteristics of various types of hand bones of Poland's syndrome].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore development status in different types of the hand bone and its developmental characteristics with Poland syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 32 cases with Poland's syndrome who accepted bilateral hand X-ray examination in Department of Hand Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from February 2013 to August 2014.There were 24 male and 8 female patients aged from 1.0 to 15.0 years with median age of 2.4 years. Right hand deformity was 23 cases and left hand deformity was 9 cases. According to Tanner-Whitehouse skeletal age scoring system, 20 bones (radius and ulna, 7 carpal bones, 11 metacarpal and phalangeal bones) selected from the affected and contralateral limb respectively, were evaluated. Besides, hand deformity of the cases was classified into 5 types based on relevant literature. Each bone was given an individual age using the references of Greulich-Pyle chart. The average of all individual ages was taken as gross bone age, the average of individual ages of radius and ulna was taken as bone age of long bones, the average of individual ages of carpal bone was taken as bone age of carpal bones, and the average of individual age of metacarpal and phalangeal bones was taken as bone age of short bones.The delay of bone age was evaluated by correlation test, while the curve of cubic equation was used for analyzing the variance of skeletal development with age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The delay of long bone age of patients with Poland's syndrome in this study were 0-1.9 years ((0.5±0.5) years), 0-2.2 years ((0.7±0.5)years) for carpal bone, 0.5-2.0 years((0.6±0.4) years)for short bone and 0.1-1.7 years((0.6±0.4)years) for gross bone.Twelve cases in type Ⅱ hand deformity, 15 cases in type Ⅲ and 5 cases in type Ⅳ. The delay of bone ages, including long bone age, carpal bone age, short bone age and gross bone age, was not related with gender and side(all P>0.05), but related with degree of deformity(F=3.663-12.971, P=0.000-0.038).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with normal upper limb, the bone age in the affected limb in Poland's syndrome is delayed and it is correlated with gender, age and the extent of hand deformity and negative with side.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chuiyangliu Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University, Beijing 100022, China.
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Y B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D050276:Hand Bones; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010009:Osteochondrodysplasias; D011045:Poland Syndrome