title: Endoscopic management of splenic pseudocysts associated with acute and chronic pancreatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Splenic pseudocysts (SP) are a rare consequence of both acute and chronic pancreatitis. Surgery has been conventional treatment for SP and literature on role of endoscopic treatment is scant. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated SP clinical and radiological characteristics as well as the outcome following endoscopic drainage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of SP patients seen at our unit from January 2002 to June 2015. All patients were treated with attempted endoscopic transpapillary drainage with a nasopancreatic drain or stent. Patients not responding underwent endoscopic ultrasound-guided transmural or percutaneous radiological drainage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven patients with SP (all male; mean age: 40.5±8.8 years) were studied. Seven patients had chronic pancreatitis and 4 patients had SP following acute pancreatitis. The majority (10/11; 91%) had alcohol-related acute or chronic pancreatitis with one patient having coexistent pancreas divisum. Seven (64%) patients were treated successfully with transpapillary drainage only; one (9%) patient needed combined transpapillary and transmural drainage; and 3 (27%) patients needed surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic transpapillary drainage is an effective treatment for SP especially when it is not infected and with clear contents, and is associated with partial ductal disruption that can be bridged by an endoprosthesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology (Surinder Singh Rana, Ravi Sharma, Puneet Chhabra, Vishal Sharma, Deepak Kumar Bhasin), India.
authors.forename: Surinder Singh
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology (Surinder Singh Rana, Ravi Sharma, Puneet Chhabra, Vishal Sharma, Deepak Kumar Bhasin), India.
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology (Surinder Singh Rana, Ravi Sharma, Puneet Chhabra, Vishal Sharma, Deepak Kumar Bhasin), India; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fortis Hospital, Mohali, Punjab (Puneet Chhabra, Deepak Kumar Bhasin), India.
authors.forename: Puneet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chhabra
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology (Surinder Singh Rana, Ravi Sharma, Puneet Chhabra, Vishal Sharma, Deepak Kumar Bhasin), India.
authors.forename: Vishal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery (Rajesh Gupta), Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology (Surinder Singh Rana, Ravi Sharma, Puneet Chhabra, Vishal Sharma, Deepak Kumar Bhasin), India; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fortis Hospital, Mohali, Punjab (Puneet Chhabra, Deepak Kumar Bhasin), India.
authors.forename: Deepak Kumar
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Bhasin
keywords: Pancreas divisum; acute pancreatitis; chronic pancreatitis; endoscopic ultrasound; endotherapy; nasopancreatic drain; pancreatic stricture; pseudocyst; spleen; stent