title: Correlations of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and serum uric acid with subclinical atherosclerosis in obese Chinese adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Existing evidence about the associations of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and serum uric acid (SUA) with subclinical atherosclerosis is controversial. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations of NAFLD and SUA with subclinical atherosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present cross-sectional study, 1354 obese adults underwent hepatic ultrasonography and arteriosclerosis detection. Indices of subclinical atherosclerosis were brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) and the ankle-brachial index (ABI). Linear regression using multivariable fractional polynomial (MFP) modeling was used to examine independent associations of NAFLD and SUA with a-PWV and ABI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls, mean (± SD) ba-PWV was significantly higher in subjects with NAFLD (1534 ± 292 vs 1433 ± 259 cm/s; P < 0.001) and hyperuricemia (HUA; 1519 ± 275 vs 1476 ± 287 cm/s; P = 0.007). After adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, NAFLD and SUA were both positively related to ba-PWV (β = 0.120 and 0.064, respectively; P < 0.05 for both). With further adjustment for insulin resistance and components of metabolic syndrome (MetS), the positive correlations were no longer significant (β = 0.017 and 0.006; P > 0.05 for both). In addition, NAFLD, but not SUA, was negatively correlated with ABI (β = -0.073; P = 0.015). Using MFP modeling, the best fractional polynomial (FP) transformation model showed that non-linear transformations were appropriate for two variables in their relationship with ba-PWV, namely age and fasting insulin as first-degree FP transformations (age3and 1/insulin0.5, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neither NAFLD nor SUA was related to ba-PWV with increases in insulin resistance and MetS, but NAFLD was independently and negatively correlated with ABI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Yongwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Changqin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Xiulin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Mingzhu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Ningning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Shuhua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Suhuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen, China.|Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Shuyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen, China.|Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Xuejun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Research Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen, China.|Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Zhibin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D044466:Asian People; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014527:Uric Acid
keywords: ankle-brachial index; atherosclerosis; brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; serum uric acid; 动脉粥样硬化; 肱踝脉搏波传导速度; 血清尿酸; 踝肱指数; 非酒精性脂肪性肝病