title: The cryogenic storage ring CSR.
abstract: An electrostatic cryogenic storage ring, CSR, for beams of anions and cations with up to 300 keV kinetic energy per unit charge has been designed, constructed, and put into operation. With a circumference of 35 m, the ion-beam vacuum chambers and all beam optics are in a cryostat and cooled by a closed-cycle liquid helium system. At temperatures as low as (5.5 ± 1) K inside the ring, storage time constants of several minutes up to almost an hour were observed for atomic and molecular, anion and cation beams at an energy of 60 keV. The ion-beam intensity, energy-dependent closed-orbit shifts (dispersion), and the focusing properties of the machine were studied by a system of capacitive pickups. The Schottky-noise spectrum of the stored ions revealed a broadening of the momentum distribution on a time scale of 1000 s. Photodetachment of stored anions was used in the beam lifetime measurements. The detachment rate by anion collisions with residual-gas molecules was found to be extremely low. A residual-gas density below 140 cm(-3) is derived, equivalent to a room-temperature pressure below 10(-14) mbar. Fast atomic, molecular, and cluster ion beams stored for long periods of time in a cryogenic environment will allow experiments on collision- and radiation-induced fragmentation processes of ions in known internal quantum states with merged and crossed photon and particle beams.
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.lastname: von Hahn
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.lastname: Guerin
authors.affiliation: Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.lastname: Lange
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.lastname: Orlov
authors.affiliation: Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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authors.lastname: Rappaport
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.lastname: Repnow
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: S
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authors.lastname: Saurabh
authors.affiliation: I. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany.
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authors.lastname: Schippers
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.lastname: Schröter
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.lastname: Schwalm
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physik, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
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authors.lastname: Schweikhard
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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authors.lastname: Urbain
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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