title: Periodontal diseases and carotid intima-media thickness in Bangladesh.
abstract: To evaluate the relationship between periodontal diseases and subclinical atherosclerosis in a younger and lean South Asian population.
  
  
  
  We conducted a cross-sectional study in 917 subjects (mean age 46 years and mean body mass index 21.1 kg/m2) from the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study in Bangladesh. Multivariate linear regression models were used to assess the associations between multiple clinical measures of periodontal diseases and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT).
  
  
  
  Mean attachment loss (AL) and percentage of sites with AL ≥ 4 mm (% AL ≥ 4) were associated with increased IMT. The IMT was 20.0-μm (95% CI: 2.2, 37.8) and 26.5-μm (95% CI: 8.9, 44.1) higher in subjects in the top quartile of mean AL (>3.72 mm) and % AL ≥ 4 (>58.4%), respectively, compared to those in the bottom quartile. In a subset of 366 subjects, mean AL was positively associated with plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (p < 0.05) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (p < 0.01).
  
  
  
  Attachment loss was associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in this young and lean Bangladeshi population. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm this association.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Fen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. yu.chen@nyumc.org.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Demmer
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Faruque
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Parvez
authors.affiliation: U-Chicago Research Bangladesh, Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Rina Rani
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.affiliation: U-Chicago Research Bangladesh, Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Ishrat
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shaheen
authors.affiliation: U-Chicago Research Bangladesh, Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Golam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sarwar
authors.affiliation: U-Chicago Research Bangladesh, Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Alauddin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: U-Chicago Research Bangladesh, Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Mahbub
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eunus
authors.affiliation: U-Chicago Research Bangladesh, Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Nafiz
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahsan
authors.affiliation: U-Chicago Research Bangladesh, Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Nur Mohammad
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Habibullah
authors.affiliation: U-Chicago Research Bangladesh, Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Tariqul
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rundek
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Studies, Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Habibul
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahsan
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. mdesvarieux@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Moise
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Desvarieux
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis; D001459:Bangladesh; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D010510:Periodontal Diseases; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Bangladesh; atherosclerosis; cardiovascular disease; carotid intima-media thickness; periodontal diseases