title: To determine block establishment time of supraclavicular brachial plexus block using blunt versus short bevel needle: A prospective randomized trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Unintentional intraneural injection under ultrasound guidance (USG) with fine caliber needles and lower success rate with large caliber Tuohy needles in supraclavicular brachial plexus block (SCB) have been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  We undertook study to standardize the use of 20-gauge short versus blunt bevel needle for SCB. After approval of Institutional Ethics Committee and written informed consent, patients were randomized using computer-generated random number table to either of the two groups; blunt bevel needle group (n = 30): SCB under USG using 20-gauge Tuohy needle or short bevel needle group (n = 30): SCB under USG using 20-gauge short bevel needle. The primary outcome of the study was time to establishment of sensory and motor block of individual nerves, and secondary outcome was tolerability and any adverse effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The time to establishment of sensory and motor block in individual nerve territory was similar in both the groups. The complete sensory and motor anesthesia was achieved in 78.3% patients and complete sensory and motor anesthesia after supplementary block was achieved in 86.6% patients. Paresthesias during SCB were recorded in 15 patients. Out of these eight patients were of blunt bevel group and seven patients were of short bevel group. None of the patients experienced any neurological adverse effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The establishment of sensory and motor blockade of individual nerves was similar to 20-gauge short and blunt bevel needle under ultrasound guide with no neurological adverse events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ahuja
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thapa
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gombar
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dhiman
keywords: Needle; supraclavicular brachial plexus block; ultrasound guided; upper limb