title: Safety and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the Galdakao - Modified Supine Valdivia position: A prospective analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the Galdakao- Modified Supine Valdivia (GMSV) position in order to predict operative time, stone-free rate and onset of complications taking into account comorbidity, stone-related parameters and anatomic upper urinary tract abnormalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective evaluation of patients who underwent to PCNL in GMSV position for renal stones &gt; 2 cm, from January 2009 to February 2015 was performed. According to the technique, upper urinary tract abnormalities, stone chemical and morphological characteristics, and patients' history were matched with operative outcome, in terms of stone-free, intervention time and incidence of perioperative complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-two cases were collected; mean operative time was 105 minutes (DS 41): staghorn stones and the presence of comorbidity resulted statistically significant variables. The complication-rate resulted in line with data showed in literature: hyperpyrexia and hemorrhage were the more frequently complications found. The overall stone-free was reached in 48 patients (67%), and it was influenced by patients' anatomic abnormalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the treatment of renal stones, PCNL may be a safe and effective choice; nevertheless, patients' anatomic abnormalities or staghorn-stones may influence the outcomes. Thus, a prospective study with a larger population is needed to verify our outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Specialist Sciences, Division of Urology, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region Medical School, Ancona. luigiquaresima@yahoo.it.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Quaresima
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: Alexia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vici
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tiroli
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cantoro
authors.forename: Admena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rreshketa
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Principi
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tallè
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moroni
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yehia
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Muzzonigro
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D061646:Operative Time; D056888:Patient Positioning; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000069856:Staghorn Calculi / Q000601:surgery; D016683:Supine Position; D016896:Treatment Outcome