title: Development of Formaldehyde Biosensor for Determination of Formalin in Fish Samples; Malabar Red Snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) and Longtail Tuna (Thunnus tonggol).
abstract: Electrochemical biosensors are widely recognized in biosensing devices due to the fact that gives a direct, reliable, and reproducible measurement within a short period. During bio-interaction process and the generation of electrons, it produces electrochemical signals which can be measured using an electrochemical detector. A formaldehyde biosensor was successfully developed by depositing an ionic liquid (IL) (e.g., 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([EMIM][Otf])), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and chitosan (CHIT), onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The developed formaldehyde biosensor was analyzed for sensitivity, reproducibility, storage stability, and detection limits. Methylene blue was used as a redox indicator for increasing the electron transfer in the electrochemical cell. The developed biosensor measured the NADH electron from the NAD⁺ reduction at a potential of 0.4 V. Under optimal conditions, the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method detected a wider linear range of formaldehyde concentrations from 0.01 to 10 ppm within 5 s, with a detection limit of 0.1 ppm. The proposed method was successfully detected with the presence of formalin in fish samples, Lutjanus malabaricus and Thunnus Tonggol. The proposed method is a simple, rapid, and highly accurate, compared to the existing technique.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jln UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. noorainibohari@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Bohari
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Noor Aini
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jln UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. shafiqpab@ums.edu.my.
authors.forename: Shafiquzzaman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siddiquee
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jln UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. amponk@ums.edu.my.
authors.forename: Kamaruzaman
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ampon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D048271:Chitosan; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D005399:Fishes; D005504:Food Analysis; D005557:Formaldehyde; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014413:Tuna
chemical_list: D005557:Formaldehyde; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: formaldehyde biosensor; glassy carbon electrode; gold nanoparticles; ionic liquid; methylene blue