title: Supraglottoplasty outcomes in children with Down syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Children with Down syndrome have a higher incidence of upper airway obstruction and laryngomalacia. We sought to determine outcomes of supraglottoplasty in this patient population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was performed from January 2000 through January 2014. Children (n = 18) at our institution with the diagnosis of Down syndrome who underwent supraglottoplasty were included. We reviewed patient characteristics, preoperative findings, and surgical outcomes (stridor, feeding problems, respiratory distress, weight, sleep apnea, and tracheostomy or feeding tube dependence).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age at surgery was 7.7 months. Operative indications included feeding difficulties (n = 9), noisy breathing or respiratory distress (or both) (n = 16), and sleep-related symptoms (n = 7). Most patients (89%) were extubated successfully on postoperative day 1. There were 2 major complications (CPAP requirement and aspiration pneumonia) and no perioperative deaths. Fifty percent had improved weight (mean = 18 percentile points). Feedback was available from 88% of parents with 100% reporting improvement in respiratory symptoms and 93% reporting improved feeding. Eight patients (44%) subsequently required either adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy. Two patients later underwent tracheostomy, 2 subsequently needed a gastrostomy tube and 2 required revision supraglottoplasty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of children with Down syndrome and laryngomalacia benefit from supraglottoplasty, with outcomes of improved breathing, feeding, and sleeping. However, approximately half may require additional airway procedures. This procedure is well tolerated and associated with a low risk of complications especially given their high rate of comorbidities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
authors.forename: Cara C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Cockerill
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Frisch
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Rein
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States. Electronic address: orvidas.laura@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Laura J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Orvidas
mesh_terms: D000233:Adenoidectomy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005931:Glottis / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D055092:Laryngomalacia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014068:Tonsillectomy; D014139:Tracheostomy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Down syndrome; Laryngomalacia; Supraglottoplasty