title: Pheniramine Maleate is more effective than Lidocaine on Fentanyl Induced Cough.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fentanyl is frequently used during anesthesia induction. The use of fentanyl can cause cough through different mechanisms. Here, we aimed to investigate effects of pheniramine maleate (PM), an antihistaminic agent, and compare it with lidocaine on fentanyl induced cough.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a randomized double-blind prospective clinical study of ASA I-II, 120 patients scheduled for elective abdominal surgery. Patients were administered drugs intravenously and randomly allocated into three groups: Group C (2 ml 0.9 % normal saline), Group L (1mg/kg lidocaine), and Group F (PM 45.5 mg). 90 seconds after administration, 2µ/kg fentanyl was applied in three seconds to all patients. Severity of cough (mild: 1-2, moderate: 3-5, severe> 5), time of the cough and vital parameters were recorded 90 seconds after fentanyl injection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight patients (25%) in Group C had fentanyl induced cough whereas three patients (7.5%) in Group L and one patient (2.5%) in Group F experienced this phenomenon. There was statistically significant difference between Group F and Group C (p<0.05); however, differences between Group L and Group C or Group F and Group L were not statistically significant (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pheniramine Maleate 45.5 mg is better that placebo and as effective as lidocaine to prevent fentanyl induced cough.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Ozgur Ozmen, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozgur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozmen
authors.affiliation: Dr. Duygu Kara, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Duygu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kara
authors.affiliation: Dr. Emine Uzlas Karaman, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Emine Uzlas
authors.initials: EU
authors.lastname: Karaman
authors.affiliation: Dr. Fatma Karakoc, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Karakoc
authors.affiliation: Dr. Muhammet Ahmet Karakaya, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Muhammet Ahmet
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Karakaya
authors.affiliation: Dr. Zakir Arslan, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zakir
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Arslan
keywords: Cough; Fentanyl; Lidocaine; Pheniramine Maleate