title: Printed paper and board food contact materials as a potential source of food contamination.
abstract: Food contact materials (FCM) are estimated to be the largest source of food contamination. Apart from plastics, the most commonly used FCM are made of printed paper and board. Unlike their plastic counterparts, these are not covered by a specific European regulation. Several contamination issues have raised concerns towards potential adverse health effects caused by exposure to substances migrating from printed paper and board FCM. In the current study, an inventory combining the substances which may be used in printed paper and board FCM, was created. More than 6000 unique compounds were identified, the majority (77%) considered non-evaluated in terms of potential toxicity. Based on a preliminary study of their physicochemical properties, it is estimated that most of the non-evaluated single substances have the potential to migrate into the food and become bioavailable after oral intake. Almost all are included in the FACET tool, indicating that their use in primary food packaging has been confirmed by industry. Importantly, 19 substances are also present in one of the lists with substances of concern compiled by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). To ensure consumer safety, the actual use of these substances in printed paper and board FCM should be investigated urgently.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium; Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: Melissa.VanBossuyt@wiv-isp.be.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Van Bossuyt
authors.affiliation: Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Els
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van Hoeck
authors.affiliation: Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vanhaecke
authors.affiliation: Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rogiers
authors.affiliation: Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mertens
mesh_terms: D057189:Checklist; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D005506:Food Contamination; D018857:Food Packaging / Q000379:methods*; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007281:Ink; D010209:Paper; D011327:Printing; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D015386:Hazardous Substances
keywords: Food contact materials; Food contamination; Paper and board; Printing inks; Prioritisation