title: Skin-transmitted pathogens and the heebie jeebies: evidence for a subclass of disgust stimuli that evoke a qualitatively unique emotional response.
abstract: Skin-transmitted pathogens have threatened humans since ancient times. We investigated whether skin-transmitted pathogens were a subclass of disgust stimuli that evoked an emotional response that was related to, but distinct from, disgust and fear. We labelled this response "the heebie jeebies". In Study 1, coding of 76 participants' experiences of disgust, fear, and the heebie jeebies showed that the heebie jeebies was elicited by unique stimuli which produced skin-crawling sensations and an urge to protect the skin. In Experiment 2,350 participants' responses to skin-transmitted pathogen, fear-inducing, and disgust-inducing vignettes showed that the vignettes elicited sensations and urges which loaded onto heebie jeebies, fear, and disgust factors, respectively. Experiment 3 largely replicated findings from Experiment 2 using video stimuli (178 participants). Results are consistent with the notion that skin-transmitted pathogens are a subclass of disgust stimuli which motivate behaviours that are functionally consistent with disgust yet qualitatively distinct.
authors.affiliation: a School of Psychology , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW , Australia.
authors.forename: Khandis R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.affiliation: b Psychological Sciences , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yih
authors.affiliation: c School of Psychological Sciences , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , VIC , Australia.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: d School of Psychology , University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD , Australia.
authors.forename: Billy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: a School of Psychology , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW , Australia.
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Harmon-Jones
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012867:Skin; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Disgust; emotion; fear; insects; skin-transmitted pathogens