title: Bovine herpesvirus-1: Genetic diversity of field strains from cattle with respiratory disease, genital, fetal disease and systemic neonatal disease and their relationship to vaccine strains.
abstract: Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) causes disease in cattle with varied clinical forms. In the U.S. there are two BoHV1 subtypes, BoHV-1.1 and BoHV-1.2b. Control programs in North America incorporate modified live (MLV) or killed (KV) viral vaccines. However, BoHV-1 strains continue to be isolated from diseased animals or fetuses after vaccination. It is possible to differentiate BoHV-1 wild-type from MLV vaccine strains by determining their single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) patterns through either whole-genome sequencing or PCR sequencing of genomic regions containing vaccine-defining SNPs. To determine the BoHV-1 subtype in clinical isolates and their relationship to MLV strains, 8 isolates from varied clinical disease at three different laboratories in the U.S. were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. Five samples were isolated within the past 5 years from New York and 3 were archived samples recovered 35 years prior from Oklahoma and Louisiana. Based on phylogenetic analysis, four of the cases appeared to be due to an MLV vaccine: 3 cases of aborted fetuses and one neonate with systemic BoHV-1 disease. One aborted fetus was from a herd with no reported history of MLV vaccination in two years. The remaining four isolates did not group with any MLV vaccines: two were associated with bovine respiratory disease, one with vulvovaginitis, and a fourth was determined to be a BoHV-1.2b respiratory isolate. Recovery of BoHV-1.1 that is very closely related to an MLV vaccine virus from a herd not receiving vaccines in an extended period prior to its isolation suggests that MLV viruses may remain latent or circulate within herds for long periods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA. Electronic address: Robert.fulton@okstate.edu.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Fulton
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: d'Offay
authors.affiliation: Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14852, USA.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Dubovi
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eberle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016679:Genome, Viral; D007242:Herpesvirus 1, Bovine / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007241:Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: Bovine herpesvirus-1; Clinical syndromes; Genetics; Vaccines