title: Effects of Ketamine-Propofol Mixture on Intraocular Pressure and Haemodynamics in Elderly Patients: A Randomised Double-Blind Trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a ketamine-propofol mixture (ketofol) and propofol on intraocular pressure (IOP) and haemodynamics in elderly patients during anaesthetic management at each repeated measurement times.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty elderly ASA I and II patients were divided into two random groups and received either propofol (1.5 mg kg(-1); group P, n=20) or ketofol (1:1 single syringe mixture of 5 mg mL(-1) ketamine and 5 mg mL(-1) propofol; group KP, n=20). A proseal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA) was inserted 60 seconds after induction of anaesthesia. IOP, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) values were recorded at preinduction (t0), immediately following induction (t1), and at 1 (t2), 3 (t3), and 5 (t4) minutes after induction. Haemodynamic complications and the need for ephedrine were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient characteristics at the beginning of the procedure were similar between the groups. SBP and HR were significantly increased in group KP compared to group P at t1 and t4 (p=0.044). Induction of both anaesthetic agents significantly decreased the IOP values from the t0 (p=0.026). A significant decrease in IOP was found at t1 and t4 in group P compared to group KP (p=0.018). The total dose of ephedrine was statistically different in group P (p=0.034).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ketofol can be an alternative agent to provide haemodynamic stability with a moderate decrease in IOP during anaesthesia induction in elderly patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa Said
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Aydoğan
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Soner
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demirel
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Erdoğan
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Penpegül
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fırat
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cemil
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Çolak
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mahmut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Durmuş
keywords: Intraocular pressure; elderly patient; hemodynamic; ketamine; propofol