title: MicroRNA-21 promotes the proliferation and invasion of cholesteatoma keratinocytes.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  The present study revealed that miR-21 promotes the proliferation and invasion of cholesteatoma keratinocytes. These results provide a partial explanation for the more aggressive clinical behavior observed in cholesteatoma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to investigate the post-transcriptional regulatory effects that control proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion in cholesteatoma keratinocytes. In particular, the potential role of miR-21 was focused on in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty cholesteatoma tissues were processed for RNA and cell culture. Cholesteatoma keratinocytes were transfected with miR-21 mimics, miR-21 inhibitors, or negative control miRNAs; and growth curves were drawn. RT-PCR was used to assess the expression levels of miR-21. EdU incorporation assay and TUNEL staining were used to assess the proliferation and apoptosis of cholesteatoma keratinocytes, respectively. The invasive abilities of cholesteatoma keratinocytes were examined using 6-well Transwell plates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MiRNA-21 was upregulated when cholesteatoma keratinocytes were transfected with miR-21 mimics. Furthermore, the number of proliferative EdU + cells increased in cholesteatoma keratinocytes transfected with miR-21 mimics; and the number of TUNEL-positive cells also increased in cells transfected with miR-21 mimics. In addition, the number of migrated cells transfected with miR-21 mimics was higher, compared with migrated cells transfected miR-21 inhibitors or control miRNA.
authors.affiliation: a Otolaryngology Department , First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: a Otolaryngology Department , First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a Otolaryngology Department , First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , PR China.
authors.forename: Zhaobing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qin
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018424:Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C524940:MIRN21 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: Apoptosis; cholesteatoma; keratinocyte; microRNA-21; proliferation