title: Experiencing Support During Needle-Related Medical Procedures: A Hermeneutic Study With Young Children (3-7Years).
abstract: Needle-related medical procedures (NRMPs) are something that all young children need to undergo at some point. These procedures may involve feelings of fear, pain and anxiety, which can cause problems later in life either when seeking healthcare in general or when seeking care specifically involving needles. More knowledge is needed about supporting children during these procedures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to explain and understand the meaning of the research phenomenon: support during NRMPs. The lived experiences of the phenomenon are interpreted from the perspective of younger children.
  
  
  METHODS
  The analysis uses a lifeworld hermeneutic approach based on participant observations and interviews with children between 3 and 7years of age who have experienced NRMPs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The research phenomenon, support for younger children during NRMPs, is understood through the following themes: being the centre of attention, getting help with distractions, being pampered, becoming involved, entrusting oneself to the safety of adults and being rewarded. A comprehensive understanding is presented wherein younger children experience support from adults during NRMPs in order to establish resources and/or strengthen existing resources.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The manner in which the child will be guided through the procedure is developed based on the child's reactions. This approach demonstrates that children are actively participating during NRMPs. Supporting younger children during NRMPs consists of guiding them through a shared situation that is mutually beneficial to the child, the parent and the nurse. Play during NRMP is an important tool that enables the support to be perceived as positive.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Caring Sciences, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden. Electronic address: katarina.karlsson@hb.se.
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Caring Sciences, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ann-Charlotte
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Dalheim Englund
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing Sciences, CHILD Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Enskär
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Caring Sciences, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nyström
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Caring Sciences, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ingela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rydström
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D066297:Hermeneutics; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D009339:Needles / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Caring science; Lifeworld hermeneutic; Needle-related medical procedures; Reflective lifeworld research; Support; Younger children