title: Lasting hepatotoxic effects of prenatal mobile phone exposure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, the livers of rats born to mothers exposed to electromagnetic field (EMF) were examined 60 days postpartum for biochemical and histopathological changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant rats were exposed to radiation (900 MHz EMF, 24 h/day for 20 days) using a digital signal generator by placing the device centrally under the cage, which formed the study (EMF) group, while untreated matching rats served as controls. Livers and blood were obtained from litters (seven males and seven females) of both groups 60 days after birth, which were used for biochemical and histopathological analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant increase in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.05) that was accompanied by a significant fall in glutathione (GSH) (p < 0.01) in the liver. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Histopathologically, the liver sections of the EMF group showed intense degeneration in hepatocytes with cytoplasmic eosinophilic structures, pyknotic nuclei and fibrosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrate that the intrauterin harmful effects of EMF on the livers of rats persist into adulthood.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biochemistry.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: b Department of Histology & Embryology , and.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tumkaya
authors.affiliation: b Department of Histology & Embryology , and.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akyildiz
authors.affiliation: b Department of Histology & Embryology , and.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kalkan
authors.affiliation: d Department of Nutrition and Dietetics , Gumushane University , Gumushane , Turkey , and.
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Bodur
authors.affiliation: e Department of Internal Medicine , Rize State Hospital , Rize , Turkey.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sargin
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biochemistry.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Efe
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biochemistry.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Uydu
authors.affiliation: c Department of Microbiology , Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Medical School , Rize , Turkey.
authors.forename: Z A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Yazici
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D040421:Cell Phone; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000209:etiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D008315:Malondialdehyde; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Mobile phone radiation; electromagnetic field; liver toxicity; prenatal exposure