title: Protocol for the SEED-trial: Supported Employment and preventing Early Disability.
abstract: Early withdrawal or exclusion from the labor market leads to significant personal and societal costs. In Norway, the increasing numbers of young adults receiving disability pension is a growing problem. While a large body of research demonstrates positive effects of Supported Employment (SE) in patients with severe mental illness, no studies have yet investigated the effectiveness of SE in young adults with a range of social and health conditions who are receiving benefits.
  
  
  
  The SEED-trial is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing traditional vocational rehabilitation (TVR) to SE in 124 unemployed individuals between the ages of 18-29 who are receiving benefits due to various social- or health-related problems. The primary outcome is labor market participation during the first year after enrollment. Secondary outcomes include physical and mental health, health behaviors, and well-being, collected at baseline, 6, and 12 months. A cost-benefit analysis will also be conducted.
  
  
  
  The SEED-trial is the first RCT to compare SE to TVR in this important and vulnerable group, at risk of being excluded from working life at an early age.
  
  
  
  Clinicaltrials.gov, registration number NCT02375074 . Registered on December 3rd 2014.
authors.affiliation: Uni Research Health, Uni Research, POB 7810, 5020, Bergen, Norway. Vigdis.Sveinsdottir@uni.no.
authors.forename: Vigdis
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9776-4925
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sveinsdottir
authors.affiliation: Uni Research Health, Uni Research, POB 7810, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Torill Helene
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Tveito
authors.affiliation: Dartmouth Psychiatric Research Center, Rivermill Commercial Center, 85 Mechanic St., Suite B4-1, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA.
authors.forename: Gary R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.affiliation: Department of Economics, University of Bergen, POB 7802, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Astrid Louise
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Grasdal
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, POB 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Stein Atle
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lie
authors.affiliation: Uni Research Health, Uni Research, POB 7810, 5020, Bergen, Norway.|Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, POB 1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Silje Endresen
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Reme
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016832:Employment, Supported / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation; D009664:Norway; D012050:Rehabilitation, Vocational / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Disability; Employment; Individual Placement and Support; Randomized Controlled Trial; Supported Employment; Unemployment; Vocational Rehabilitation; Work Disability; Youth