title: Targeting Apoptosis Through Foxp1, and N-cadherin with Glatiramer Acetate in Chick Embryos During Neural Tube Development.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the effect of glatiramer acetate (GA) in chick embryos on neural tube (NT) development, and to explore its effects of Foxp1, apoptosis, and N-cadherin.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fertile, specific pathogen free eggs were divided into 5 groups for this study. The eggshell was windowed specifically at 24 hours of incubation. The embryos in Group 1 (n=20) were treated with 10 μl physiological saline; in Group 2 the embryos (n=20) were given 10 μl GA (equal to daily human therapeutic dose); 20 μl GA (equal to twice daily human therapeutic dose) was injected to embryos in Group 3 (n=20); in Group 4 and 5, 30 μl and 40 μl GA were administered to the embryos (n=20) (equal to x3 and x4 daily human therapeutic dose, respectively). Each egg was re-incubated for 24 hours more. Then, histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of the subjects were done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The embryos with NT defect showed FOXP1 expression without N- cadherin or staining with N-cadherin in another location in our study. We interpreted this result as GA leading to an NT closure defect by increasing FOXP expression. Moreover, we also showed the reverse relation between FOXP1 and N-cadherin at the immunohistochemical level for the first time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GA affects the spinal cord development through FOXP in the chick embryo model at high doses.
authors.affiliation: Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Bursa, Turkey.
authors.forename: M Ozgur
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Taskapilioglu
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Billur
authors.forename: Sule
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kizil
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Taskapilioglu
authors.forename: Gokhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ocakoglu
authors.forename: Sevim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bekar
authors.forename: Agahan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Unlu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015820:Cadherins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000068717:Glatiramer Acetate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D054259:Neural Tube / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; C486626:FOXP1 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000068717:Glatiramer Acetate