title: A Simple Approach to Manipulate Dissolved Oxygen for Animal Behavior Observations.
abstract: The ability to manipulate dissolved oxygen (DO) in a laboratory setting has significant application to investigate a number of ecological and organismal behavior questions. The protocol described here provides a simple, reproducible, and controlled method to manipulate DO to study behavioral response in aquatic organisms resulting from hypoxic and anoxic conditions. While performing degasification of water with nitrogen is commonly used in laboratory settings, no explicit method for ecological (aquatic) application exists in the literature, and this protocol is the first to describe a protocol to degasify water to observe organismal response. This technique and protocol were developed for direct application for aquatic macroinvertebrates; however, small fish, amphibians, and other aquatic vertebrates could be easily substituted. It allows for easy manipulation of DO levels ranging from 2 mg/L to 11 mg/L with stability for up to a 5 min animal-observation period. Beyond a 5 min observation period water temperatures began to rise, and at 10 min DO levels became too unstable to maintain. The protocol is scalable to the study organism, reproducible, and reliable, allowing for rapid implementation into introductory teaching labs and high-level research applications. The expected results of this technique should relate dissolved oxygen changes to behavioral responses of organisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Juniata College; grant@juniata.edu.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Juniata College.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: McLimans
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms; D000067289:Behavior Observation Techniques; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D009584:Nitrogen; D010100:Oxygen
chemical_list: D009584:Nitrogen; D010100:Oxygen