title: Subtypes of mild cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease: evidence from the LANDSCAPE study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inconsistent results exist regarding the cognitive profile in patients with Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI). We aimed at providing data on this topic from a large cohort of patients with PD-MCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sociodemographic, clinical and neuropsychological baseline data from patients with PD-MCI recruited in the multicentre, prospective, observational DEMPARK/LANDSCAPE study were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  269 patients with PD-MCI (age 67.8±7.4, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-III) scores 23.2±11.6) were included. PD-MCI subtypes were 39.4% non-amnestic single domain, 30.5% amnestic multiple domain, 23.4% non-amnestic multiple domain and 6.7% amnestic single domain. Executive functions were most frequently impaired. The most sensitive tests to detect cognitive dysfunctions were the Modified Card Sorting Test, digit span backwards and word list learning direct recall. Multiple stepwise regression analyses showed that global cognition, gender and age, but not education or disease-related parameters predicted PD-MCI subtypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study with the so far largest number of prospectively recruited patients with PD-MCI indicates that non-amnestic PD-MCI is more frequent than amnestic PD-MCI; executive dysfunctions are the most typical cognitive symptom in PD-MCI; and age, gender and global cognition predict the PD-MCI subtype. Longitudinal data are needed to test the hypothesis that patients with PD-MCI with specific cognitive profiles have different risks to develop dementia.
authors.affiliation: Medical Psychology, Neuropsychology and Gender Studies, Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kalbe
authors.affiliation: Medical Psychology, Neuropsychology and Gender Studies, Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Sarah Petra
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0145-9660
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Rehberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Heber
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kronenbuerger
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany JARA Brain Institute 2, RWTH University and Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Storch
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Linse
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gräber
authors.affiliation: German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Inga
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Liepelt-Scarfone
authors.affiliation: German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany Department of Neurology, Christian Albrecht University, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dams
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balzer-Geldsetzer
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Rüdiger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hilker
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Carola
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oberschmidt
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Christian Albrecht University, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Witt
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Christian Albrecht University, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Nele
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Paracelsus-Elena Clinic, Centre of Parkinsonism and Movement Disorders, Kassel, Germany.
authors.forename: Brit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mollenhauer
authors.affiliation: Paracelsus-Elena Clinic, Centre of Parkinsonism and Movement Disorders, Kassel, Germany.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trenkwalder
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spottke
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roeske
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Ulrich
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Wittchen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Riedel
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dodel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000647:Amnesia / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011446:Prospective Studies
keywords: COGNITION; NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; PARKINSON'S DISEASE