title: Evaluation of the Tobii EyeX Eye tracking controller and Matlab toolkit for research.
abstract: The Tobii Eyex Controller is a new low-cost binocular eye tracker marketed for integration in gaming and consumer applications. The manufacturers claim that the system was conceived for natural eye gaze interaction, does not require continuous recalibration, and allows moderate head movements. The Controller is provided with a SDK to foster the development of new eye tracking applications. We review the characteristics of the device for its possible use in scientific research. We develop and evaluate an open source Matlab Toolkit that can be employed to interface with the EyeX device for gaze recording in behavioral experiments. The Toolkit provides calibration procedures tailored to both binocular and monocular experiments, as well as procedures to evaluate other eye tracking devices. The observed performance of the EyeX (i.e. accuracy < 0.6°, precision < 0.25°, latency < 50 ms and sampling frequency ≈55 Hz), is sufficient for some classes of research application. The device can be successfully employed to measure fixation parameters, saccadic, smooth pursuit and vergence eye movements. However, the relatively low sampling rate and moderate precision limit the suitability of the EyeX for monitoring micro-saccadic eye movements or for real-time gaze-contingent stimulus control. For these applications, research grade, high-cost eye tracking technology may still be necessary. Therefore, despite its limitations with respect to high-end devices, the EyeX has the potential to further the dissemination of eye tracking technology to a broad audience, and could be a valuable asset in consumer and gaming applications as well as a subset of basic and clinical research settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering, University of Genoa, Via All'Opera Pia, 13, Genoa, 16145, Italy.
authors.forename: Agostino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gibaldi
authors.affiliation: Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering, University of Genoa, Via All'Opera Pia, 13, Genoa, 16145, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vanegas
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bex
authors.affiliation: Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering, University of Genoa, Via All'Opera Pia, 13, Genoa, 16145, Italy. guido.maiello.13@ucl.ac.uk.|Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA. guido.maiello.13@ucl.ac.uk.|UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK. guido.maiello.13@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maiello
mesh_terms: D004864:Equipment and Supplies; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D012984:Software
keywords: Binocular; Eye movements; Eye tracking; Low cost; Saccade; Smooth pursuit; Vergence