title: Effect of blastocoel fluid reduction before vitrification on gene expression in mouse blastocysts.
abstract: Artificial collapse of the blastocoel cavity before vitrification can improve the quality of warmed embryos, yet how reduction of blastocoel fluid impacts formation of the blastocyst cell lineages is not clear. The present study assessed the effect of pre-vitrification blastocoel fluid reduction on the survival, hatching rate, and the expression of genes related to apoptosis (Tp53), pluripotency (Pou5f1, Nanog), and differentiation (Cdx2, Eomes, Gata6) in mouse blastocysts. In vivo-produced blastocysts were randomly divided into three groups: The first group was vitrified and warmed; the second group underwent artificial collapse of the blastocoel cavity prior to vitrification and warming; the third group served as the control, in which neither vitrification or artificial collapse was performed. The survival rate of treatment groups was similar to the control group, whereas the hatching rate of artificial collapse/vitrified blastocysts was significantly higher than vitrified blastocysts. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR analysis revealed a considerable reduction in the expression of Cdx2, Eomes, Gata6, Grb2, and Tp53 transcripts following artificial collapse/vitrification in comparison to the vitrification-alone group; the abundance of Pou5f1 and Nanog, however, did not change. These results suggest that artificial collapse of the blastocoel cavity before vitrification leads to relatively normal expression of apoptosis and development-related genes plus higher hatching rates. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 735-742, 2016 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Parinaz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kazemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mojtaba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dashtizad
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shamsara
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Forough
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mahdavinezhad
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ehsan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hashemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Samaneh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fayazi
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hajarian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001757:Blastomeres / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D051379:Mice; D058989:Vitrification