title: Time-dependent Expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 after Rats Skeletal Muscle Contusion and Their Application to Determine Wound Age.
abstract: The ability to determine vitality and estimate the survival period after a wound is critical in routine forensic practice. The mRNA levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were examined using quantitative real-time RT-PCR to determine the age of a wound. Furthermore, the colocalization of them with Macrophage Marker, respectively, was detected by double immunofluorescence, and a standardized rat model of skeletal muscle contusion was established. In the antemortem contused groups, a large number of macrophages showed positive staining for MMP-2 and TIMP-2, and the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 mRNA increased sharply at 3 days postinjury, with relative quantities of 5.75 and 2.98. No samples in the other groups showed relative quantities of >5.75 and 2.98; therefore, relative quantities exceeding 5.75 and 2.98 were strongly indicated 3 days after contusion. In addition, there was a significant decrease in the relative quantity in the postmortem contused groups, indicating that they were useful for diagnosing vitality.
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, 100088, China.|Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, China University of Political Science and Law, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100088, China.
authors.forename: Tian-Shui
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Regional Anatomy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
authors.forename: Zhuang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, 110001, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, China University of Political Science and Law, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100088, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, China University of Political Science and Law, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100088, China.
authors.forename: Zhen-Hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, 110001, China.
authors.forename: Da-Wei
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Guan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003288:Contusions / Q000378:metabolism*; D049429:Forensic Pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D023421:Models, Animal; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
keywords: forensic pathology; forensic science; macrophage; matrix metalloproteinase-2; quantitative real-time RT-PCR; tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2; wound age determination