title: Determining End Points for Critical Limb Ischemia Interventions.
abstract: Critical limb ischemia is a condition that has increased in prevalence and carries a high degree of morbidity. Although endovascular therapy for treatment of patients with critical limb ischemia has undergone significant advances with improved outcomes over the past decade, these patients often have multilevel disease, and it may take weeks or months for ulceration healing. For this reason, the acceptable therapeutic end points during and immediately following revascularization remain somewhat obscure. There are multiple tools available to guide the treating vascular specialist in this regard. Establishment of in-line flow to the foot and the angiosome containing the ulceration, appearance of a "wound blush," restoration of pulses, and bleeding at the ulcer site are basic tenets intraprocedurally. Postprocedural noninvasive testing including the ankle-brachial and toe-brachial indices, segmental pressure measurements, pulse volume recordings, transcutaneous oxygen tension, skin perfusion pressures (SPPs), and toe pressures all play a role in determining the likelihood of clinical improvement. Newer technologies such as two-dimensional (2D) perfusion angiography, fluorescence angiography, and tissue oxygen saturation mapping may allow better real-time assessment of flow restoration. In combination with close clinical follow-up and wound care, these tools provide treating physicians with a better grasp of the necessary end points to optimize patients for clinical improvement.
authors.affiliation: Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute, Miami, FL.
authors.forename: Kyle J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute, Miami, FL. Electronic address: constantinop@baptisthealth.net.
authors.forename: Constantino
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peña
authors.affiliation: Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute, Miami, FL.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Benenati
mesh_terms: D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D000072226:Computed Tomography Angiography; D016638:Critical Illness; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000098:blood supply*; D055420:Perfusion Imaging; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality
keywords: Peripheral vascular disease; critical limb ischemia; postprocedural testing; therapeutic end points