title: Acupuncture for Pediatric Pain.
abstract: Chronic pain is a growing problem in children, with prevalence as high as 30.8%. Acupuncture has been found to be useful in many chronic pain conditions, and may be of clinical value in a multidisciplinary treatment program. The basic principles of acupuncture are reviewed, as well as studies exploring basic mechanisms of acupuncture and clinical efficacy. Conditions commonly treated in the pediatric pain clinic, including headache, abdominal pain, fibromyalgia, juvenile arthritis, complex regional pain syndrome, cancer pain, as well as perioperative pain studies are reviewed and discussed. Areas in need of further research are identified, and procedural aspects of acupuncture practice and safety studies are reviewed. Acupuncture can be an effective adjuvant in the care of pediatric patients with painful conditions, both in a chronic and an acute setting. Further studies, including randomized controlled trials, as well as trials of comparative effectiveness are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Pediatric Anesthesiology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr. Stanford, CA 94304, USA. bgolianu@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Golianu
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Gastroenterology, Stanford University, 750 Welch Road, Suite 116, Palo Alto CA 94304, USA. annming@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Ann Ming
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Pediatric Anesthesiology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr. Stanford, CA 94304, USA. mrbrooks@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Meredith
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brooks
keywords: acupressure; acupuncture; integrative medicine; laser acupuncture; pain; pediatric; review