title: Mid-term outcomes of gastric bypass weight loss failure to duodenal switch.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a very effective treatment for obesity and its related co-morbidities. However, some patients fail to achieve>50% of their excess weight loss (EWL), and others regain much of the weight that they lost.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to analyze early outcomes after conversion of RYGB to duodenal switch (DS) in terms of weight loss, change in co-morbidities, and complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective analysis from 1 surgeon at a single private institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from 32 obese patients retrospectively who underwent revision for failed RYGB. Nine patients underwent DS with Roux-en-Y reconstruction (RYDS), and 23 patients underwent single anastomosis DS between October 2012 and December 2015. Regression analyses were performed for all follow-up weight-loss data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients experienced mean EWL of 16.2% over an average of 16 years (range: 0-38) with their primary RYGB surgery. Of 32 patients who underwent revision DS, 22 patients are beyond the 1-year postoperative mark (follow-up 81.8%), and 15 patients are beyond the 2-year postoperative mark (follow-up 73.3%). One patient was lost to follow-up. The patients experienced mean EWL of 31.2%, 45.1%, 51%, 54.2%, 56%, and 56.4% at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months, respectively, after their revisional surgery. Mean total weight loss achieved at 12 and 24 months was 27.7% and 29.2%, respectively. There was no statistical significant difference in mean %EWL at 12 months (P = .468) and 24 months (P = .266) between RYDS and single anastomosis DS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A laparoscopic revision from RYGB to DS is an effective weight-loss operation with midterm follow-up of 2 years. Though long-term follow-up is warranted to measure recidivism, the initial data seem favorable.
authors.affiliation: Bariatric Medicine Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Surve
authors.affiliation: Bariatric Medicine Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Hinali
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zaveri
authors.affiliation: Bariatric Medicine Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah. Electronic address: drdanielcottam@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cottam
authors.affiliation: Bariatric Medicine Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: LeGrand
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Belnap
authors.affiliation: Bariatric Medicine Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Medlin
authors.affiliation: Bariatric Medicine Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Austin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cottam
mesh_terms: D015904:Biliopancreatic Diversion / Q000379:methods*; D004386:Duodenum / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D015390:Gastric Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017211:Treatment Failure; D015431:Weight Loss
keywords: Failed Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; Recurrent co-morbidity; Revision laparoscopic duodenal switch; Revision surgery; Weight loss failure; Weight regain