title: Relationship Between Presumptive Inner Nuclear Layer Thickness and Geographic Atrophy Progression in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.
abstract: To analyze inner retinal changes in patients with geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration and identify morphological cues for progression.
  
  
  
  A total of 100 eyes with GA were assessed in this longitudinal, observational case series. Patients with GA and absent confounding pathology were compared with age-matched controls. The retinal layers on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, acquired in tracking mode, were segmented manually on central scans through the fixation point. Zones of GA were defined based on choroidal signal enhancement from retinal pigment epithelium loss. An area of unaffected temporal retina was used for comparison. Progression of GA was quantified with fundus autofluorescence.
  
  
  
  We analyzed 41 eyes of 41 patients (mean age 79.2 ± 6.7 years). In areas of GA, the layer representing the inner nuclear layer (INL) in healthy retina was increased in thickness. Thickness of this presumptive INL was inversely correlated with best-corrected visual acuity (r = -0.48, P < 0.01). The presumptive INL thickness increase in atrophic areas was less marked in eyes with foveal sparing. Increased INL thickness in areas adjacent to GA was associated with a higher progression rate.
  
  
  
  Optical coherence tomography findings demonstrate that atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium-photoreceptor complex in GA is associated with an increase of thickness of the presumptive INL, presumably caused by remodeling of the degenerating retina. Similar alterations in the retina adjacent to areas clinically affected by GA were associated with higher atrophy progression rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland 2Department of Clinical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ebneter
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Damian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jaggi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abegg
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland 3Bern Photographic Reading Center, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland 2Department of Clinical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland 3Bern Photographic Reading Center, Univ.
authors.forename: Martin S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Zinkernagel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D057092:Geographic Atrophy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D055211:Retinal Photoreceptor Cell Inner Segment / Q000473:pathology*; D055213:Retinal Pigment Epithelium / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*; D014792:Visual Acuity