title: Increased Urinary Adenosine Triphosphate in Patients With Bladder Outlet Obstruction Due to Benign Prostate Hyperplasia.
abstract: Diagnosis of bladder outflow obstruction (BOO) in patients with lower urinary tract (LUT) symptoms is challenging without using invasive urodynamic tests. Recently, we showed in vitro that urothelial strips from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) release more ATP than controls. Here, we tested whether urinary ATP can be used as a wall tension transducer non-invasive biomarker to detect BOO in patients with BPH.
  
  
  
  79 male patients with BOO and 22 asymptomatic controls were recruited prospectively. Patients were asked to complete the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire and to void at normal desire into a urinary flowmeter; the postvoid residual volume was determined by suprapubic ultrasonography. Urine samples from all individuals were examined for ATP, creatinine, and lactate dehydrogenase.
  
  
  
  BOO patients had significantly higher (P < 0.001) urinary ATP normalized by the voided volume (456 ± 36 nmol) than age-matched controls (209 ± 35 nmol). Urinary ATP amounts increased with the voided volume, but the slope of this rise was higher in BOO patients than in controls. A negative correlation was detected between urinary ATP and flow rate parameters, namely maximal flow rate (r = -0.310, P = 0.005), Siroky flow-volume normalization (r = -0.324, P = 0.004), and volume-normalized flow rate index (r = -0.320, P = 0.012). We found no correlation with LUT symptoms IPSS score. Areas under the receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curves were 0.91 (95%CI 0.86-0.96, P < 0.001) for ATP alone and 0.88 (95%CI 0.81-0.94, P < 0,001) when adjusted to urinary creatinine.
  
  
  
  Patients with BOO release higher amounts of ATP into the urine than the control group. The high area under the ROC curve suggests that urinary ATP can be a high-sensitive non-invasive biomarker of BOO, which may have a discriminative value of detrusor competence when comparing BPH patients with low urinary flow rates. Prostate 76:1353-1363, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.|Serviço de Urologia, Centro Hospitalar do Porto (CHP), Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silva-Ramos
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Química Clínica, Centro Hospitalar do Porto (CHP), Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: José Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. farmacol@icbas.up.pt.
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Correia-de-Sá
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000652:urine*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009129:Muscle Tonus; D011312:Pressure; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000150:complications / Q000652:urine*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate
keywords: benign prostatic hyperplasia; bladder outflow obstruction; human bladder; normal voiding; urinary ATP