title: Breast Camps for Awareness and Early Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in Countries With Limited Resources: A Multidisciplinary Model From Kenya.
abstract: Breast cancer is the most common cancer of women in Kenya. There are no national breast cancer early diagnosis programs in Kenya.
  
  
  
  The objective was to conduct a pilot breast cancer awareness and diagnosis program at three different types of facilities in Kenya.
  
  
  
  This program was conducted at a not-for-profit private hospital, a faith-based public hospital, and a government public referral hospital. Women aged 15 years and older were invited. Demographic, risk factor, knowledge, attitudes, and screening practice data were collected. Breast health information was delivered, and clinical breast examinations (CBEs) were performed. When appropriate, ultrasound imaging, fine-needle aspirate (FNA) diagnoses, core biopsies, and onward referrals were provided.
  
  
  
  A total of 1,094 women were enrolled in the three breast camps. Of those, 56% knew the symptoms and signs of breast cancer, 44% knew how breast cancer was diagnosed, 37% performed regular breast self-exams, and 7% had a mammogram or breast ultrasound in the past year. Of the 1,094 women enrolled, 246 (23%) had previously noticed a lump in their breast. A total of 157 participants (14%) had abnormal CBEs, of whom 111 had ultrasound exams, 65 had FNAs, and 18 had core biopsies. A total of 14 invasive breast cancers and 1 malignant phyllodes tumor were diagnosed
  
  
  
  Conducting a multidisciplinary breast camp awareness and early diagnosis program is feasible in different types of health facilities within a low- and middle-income country setting. This can be a model for breast cancer awareness and point-of-care diagnosis in countries with limited resources like Kenya.
  
  
  
  This work describes a novel breast cancer awareness and early diagnosis demonstration program in a low- and middle-income country within a limited resource setting. The program includes breast self-awareness and breast cancer education, clinical exams, and point-of-care diagnostics for women in three different types of health facilities in Kenya. This pilot program has the potential of being replicated on a national scale to create awareness about breast cancer and downstage its presentation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya shaheen.sayed@aku.edu.
authors.forename: Shahin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sayed
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Zahir
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Moloo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ngugi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Aga Khan Hospital Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Amyn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Allidina
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Rose
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ndumia
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Anderson
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mutuiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wasike
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Aga Khan Hospital Mombasa, Mombasa Kenya.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wahome
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Aga Khan Hospital Mombasa, Mombasa Kenya.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdihakin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Aga Khan Hospital Mombasa, Mombasa Kenya.
authors.forename: Riaz
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kasmani
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tenwek Mission Hospital, Bomet, Kenya University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
authors.forename: Carol D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Spears
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kisii, Kenya.
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oigara
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tenwek Mission Hospital, Bomet, Kenya.
authors.forename: Elizabeth B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Mwachiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Aga Khan Hospital Kisumu, Kisumu, Kenya.
authors.forename: Satya V P
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Busarla
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Kibet
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kibor
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Abdulaziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wawire
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Aga Khan Hospital Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA University of Alabama Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
authors.forename: Mansoor
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saleh
authors.affiliation: Breast Cancer Therapeutics, Clinical Investigations Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Jo Anne
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Zujewski
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Sanford M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Dawsey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000191:economics / Q000473:pathology; D016504:Breast Self-Examination; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000191:economics*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya; D008327:Mammography; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged
keywords: Breast cancer awareness and early detection; Breast cancer camps; Breast cancer diagnosis; Kenya; Low- and middle-income countries