title: Prevention of lipohypertrophy.
abstract: Lipohypertrophy is an important insulin injection site reaction, which has clinically significant sequelae, including a greater risk of glycaemic variability and higher insulin dose requirement. This article describes the prevention of lipohypertrophy, using the concept of levels of prevention. It enumerates methods of primordial, primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary prevention of lipohypertrophy. Focus on patient education, site rotation, avoidance of needle reuse, and dose titration when shifting from injection in lipohypertrophic lesions to normal subcutaneous tissue, helps minimize the development and impact of lipohypertrophy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kalra
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Shaheed Hassan Khan Mewati Government Medical College, Nalhar, Mewat, India.
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Yashdeep
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D011314:Preventive Health Services / Q000379:methods; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin
keywords: Insulin technique, Insulin, Insulin site reactions, Lipotrophy, Amyloidosis, Needle reuse, FITTER guidelines, FIT guidelines.