title: Reviewing the Evidence Base for the Children and Young People Safety Thermometer (CYPST): A Mixed Studies Review.
abstract: The objective was to identify evidence to support use of specific harms for the development of a children and young people's safety thermometer (CYPST). We searched PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and Cochrane Library post-1999 for studies in pediatric settings about pain, skin integrity, extravasation injury, and use of pediatric early warning scores (PEWS). Following screening, nine relevant articles were included. Convergent synthesis methods were used drawing on thematic analysis to combine findings from studies using a range of methods (qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods). A review of PEWS was identified so other studies on this issue were excluded. No relevant studies about extravasation injury were identified. The synthesized results therefore focused on pain and skin integrity. Measurement and perception of pain were complex and not always carried out according to best practice. Skin abrasions were common and mostly associated with device related injuries. The findings demonstrate a need for further work on perceptions of pain and effective communication of concerns about pain between parents and nursing staff. Strategies for reducing device-related injuries warrant further research focusing on prevention. Together with the review of PEWS, these synthesized findings support the inclusion of pain, skin integrity, and PEWS in the CYPST.
authors.affiliation: School of Life &amp; Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK. astonlr@aston.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aston
authors.affiliation: Birmingham Children's Hospital Foundation NHS Trust, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK. caron.eyre@bch.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Caron
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eyre
authors.affiliation: Birmingham Children's Hospital Foundation NHS Trust, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK. michelle.mcloughlin@bch.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McLoughlin
authors.affiliation: School of Life &amp; Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK. r.l.shaw@aston.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shaw
keywords: mixed studies review; patient safety; pediatrics; risk assessment; safety thermometer