title: Influence of immobilization and forced swim stress on the neurotoxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin in rats: Effect on brain biogenic amines and BBB permeability.
abstract: Experimental studies have been carried out on rats to understand the influence of immobilization stress (IMS), a psychological stressor and forced swim stress (FSS), a physical stressor in the neurotoxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT), a new generation type II synthetic pyrethroid with extensive applications. No significant change in plasma corticosterone levels and blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability was observed in rats subjected to IMS (one session of 15min/day), FSS (one session of 3min/day) for 28days or LCT treatment (3.0mg/kg body weight, p.o. suspended in groundnut oil) for 3days (26th, 27th and 28th day) as compared to controls. Marginal changes in the levels of biogenic amines and their metabolites (NE, EPN, DA, HVA, DOPAC, 5-HT) in hypothalamus, frontal cortex, hippocampus, and corpus striatum were observed in rats subjected to IMS or FSS or LCT alone as compared to controls. It was interesting to note that pre-exposure to IMS or FSS followed by LCT treatment for 3days caused a marked increase in plasma corticosterone levels associated with disruption in the BBB permeability as compared to rats exposed to IMS or FSS or LCT alone. Pre-exposure to IMS or FSS followed by LCT treatment for 3days resulted to alter the levels of biogenic amines and their metabolites in hypothalamus, frontal cortex, hippocampus, and corpus striatum as compared to rats exposed to IMS or FSS or LCT alone. Although neurochemical changes were more intense in rats pre-exposed to IMS as compared to those subjected to FSS on LCT treatment, the results indicate that both psychological and physical stress could be important influencing factors in the neurotoxicity of LCT.
authors.affiliation: Developmenatl Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, 31 MG Marg Lucknow - 226 001, India; Department of Biochemistry, Integral Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Integral University Lucknow - 226 026, India.
authors.forename: Rajendra K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.affiliation: Developmenatl Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, 31 MG Marg Lucknow - 226 001, India.
authors.forename: Yogesh K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Dhuriya
authors.affiliation: Developmenatl Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, 31 MG Marg Lucknow - 226 001, India.
authors.forename: Lalit P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Chandravanshi
authors.affiliation: Developmenatl Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, 31 MG Marg Lucknow - 226 001, India.
authors.forename: Richa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Developmenatl Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, 31 MG Marg Lucknow - 226 001, India.
authors.forename: Pranay
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Developmenatl Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, 31 MG Marg Lucknow - 226 001, India.
authors.forename: Aditya B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Pant
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Integral Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Integral University Lucknow - 226 026, India.
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow - 226 014, India.
authors.forename: Chandra M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering Integral University, Lucknow - 226 026, India.
authors.forename: M Haris
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.affiliation: Developmenatl Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, 31 MG Marg Lucknow - 226 001, India. Electronic address: vkkhanna1@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Vinay K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Khanna
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001679:Biogenic Amines / Q000378:metabolism*; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D009570:Nitriles / Q000633:toxicity*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000633:toxicity*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001679:Biogenic Amines; D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; C037304:cyhalothrin; D003345:Corticosterone
keywords: BBB permeability; Brain neurotransmitters; Forced swim stress; Immobilization stress; Lambda-cyhalothirn; Plasma corticosterone