title: Efficacy of Soybean's Event DAS-81419-2 Expressing Cry1F and Cry1Ac to Manage Key Tropical Lepidopteran Pests Under Field Conditions in Brazil.
abstract: Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) event DAS-81419-2 (Conkesta technology) in soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, expresses Cry1F and Cry1Ac proteins to provide protection from feeding by several lepidopteran pests. A total of 27 field experiments across nine locations were conducted from 2011 to 2015 in southern and central Brazil to characterize the efficacy of DAS-81419-2 soybean infested with Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) during vegetative (V4) and reproductive (R2 and R4) crop developmental stages. The efficacy of DAS-81419-2 was compared to that of a non-Bt isogenic variety managed with or without applications of commercial foliar insecticides for lepidopteran control. DAS-81419-2 soybean consistently experienced defoliation levels of 0.5% or less (compared with 20.05-56.74% in the non-Bt, nonsprayed treatment) and larval survival of < 0.1% in all four species across the vegetative and reproductive plant stages evaluated. The efficacy of DAS-81419-2 was significantly higher than commercial foliar insecticides applied to the non-Bt variety. DAS-81419-2 soybeans containing two highly effective Bt proteins are expected to be a more robust IRM tool compared to single-trait Bt technologies. The consistent efficacy of DAS-81419-2 soybeans across years, locations, and crop stages suggests that it will be a valuable product for management of hard-to-control key lepidopteran pests in South American soybean production.
authors.affiliation: Dow AgroSciences Industrial Ltda, Av. Nações Unidas 14.171 - Diamond Tower, São Paulo, SP 04794-000, Brazil (ldmarques@dow.com; jrosseto@dow.com; obsilva@dow.com; vfmoscardini@dow.com; lszobiole@dow.com; acsantos1@dow.com) Corresponding author, e-mail: ldmarques@dow.com.
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.affiliation: Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Rd., Indianapolis, IN 46268 (bacastro@dow.com; ppvalverde@dow.com; jmbabcock@dow.com; DDRule@dow.com).
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Dow AgroSciences Industrial Ltda, Av. Nações Unidas 14.171 - Diamond Tower, São Paulo, SP 04794-000, Brazil (ldmarques@dow.com; jrosseto@dow.com; obsilva@dow.com; vfmoscardini@dow.com; lszobiole@dow.com; acsantos1@dow.com).
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rossetto
authors.affiliation: Dow AgroSciences Industrial Ltda, Av. Nações Unidas 14.171 - Diamond Tower, São Paulo, SP 04794-000, Brazil (ldmarques@dow.com; jrosseto@dow.com; obsilva@dow.com; vfmoscardini@dow.com; lszobiole@dow.com; acsantos1@dow.com).
authors.forename: O A B N
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Dow AgroSciences Industrial Ltda, Av. Nações Unidas 14.171 - Diamond Tower, São Paulo, SP 04794-000, Brazil (ldmarques@dow.com; jrosseto@dow.com; obsilva@dow.com; vfmoscardini@dow.com; lszobiole@dow.com; acsantos1@dow.com).
authors.forename: V F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Moscardini
authors.affiliation: Dow AgroSciences Industrial Ltda, Av. Nações Unidas 14.171 - Diamond Tower, São Paulo, SP 04794-000, Brazil (ldmarques@dow.com; jrosseto@dow.com; obsilva@dow.com; vfmoscardini@dow.com; lszobiole@dow.com; acsantos1@dow.com).
authors.forename: L H S
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Zobiole
authors.affiliation: Dow AgroSciences Industrial Ltda, Av. Nações Unidas 14.171 - Diamond Tower, São Paulo, SP 04794-000, Brazil (ldmarques@dow.com; jrosseto@dow.com; obsilva@dow.com; vfmoscardini@dow.com; lszobiole@dow.com; acsantos1@dow.com).
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Rd., Indianapolis, IN 46268 (bacastro@dow.com; ppvalverde@dow.com; jmbabcock@dow.com; DDRule@dow.com).
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valverde-Garcia
authors.affiliation: Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Rd., Indianapolis, IN 46268 (bacastro@dow.com; ppvalverde@dow.com; jmbabcock@dow.com; DDRule@dow.com).
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Babcock
authors.affiliation: Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Rd., Indianapolis, IN 46268 (bacastro@dow.com; ppvalverde@dow.com; jmbabcock@dow.com; DDRule@dow.com).
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Rule
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fitossanidade, FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil (oafernandes@fcav.unesp.br).
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Fernandes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000235:genetics; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001938:Brazil; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D009036:Moths / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics*; D013025:Glycine max / Q000235:genetics*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D007306:Insecticides; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis
keywords: Anticarsia gemmatalis; Chrysodeixis includens; Conkesta; Heliothis virescens; Spodoptera cosmioides