title: Prevalence of Domestic Violence in Hong Kong Chinese Women Presenting with Urinary Symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of domestic violence and its risk factors in women presenting with urinary symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out in the urogynecology clinic and general gynecology clinic, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong from 1st May 2013 till 31st October 2014. Two hundred and twenty-five women presenting to the urogynecology clinic with urinary symptoms were categorized according to their symptoms and were asked to complete the Modified Abuse Assessment Screen. Demographic data of the subjects and their partners were collected. Mann-Whitney U test were used for analysis of continuous variables, while Chi-square test and Fisher Exact test were used for analysis of categorical variables between the abused and non-abused group. Prevalence of domestic violence were calculated and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of domestic violence among this group of patients (7.6%) was found to be lower when compared with other studies. Verbal abuse was the commonest form of violence in our locality. The median age of the abused group and the non-abused group were both 56 years old, with the age ranging from 40 to 64 and 29 to 70 years old respectively. The prevalence of domestic violence among patients with overactive bladder syndrome, stress urinary incontinence and mixed urinary incontinence were 19.5%, 4.2% and 5.5% respectively (Fisher Exact test for whole group, P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence and nature of abuse in our locality was different from the quoted figures worldwide. Patients with overactive bladder syndrome were more likely to be victims of abuse than patients with other urinary symptoms. The difference in the prevalence of domestic violence among patients with different urinary symptoms could be related to their underlying pathophysiology. When encountering patients with overactive bladder syndrome, clinicians should consider this high incidence of domestic violence and provide prompt referral whenever necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Wai Sze Paulin
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Ting Chung
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Pun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017579:Domestic Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D014705:Verbal Behavior