title: Effect of attention on 40Hz auditory steady-state response depends on the stimulation type: Flutter amplitude modulated tones versus clicks.
abstract: Auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) are used to test the ability of local cortical networks to generate gamma frequency activity in patients with psychiatric disorders. For the effective use of ASSRs in research and clinical applications, it is necessary to find a comfortable stimulation type and to know how ASSRs are modulated by the tasks given to the subjects during the recording session. We aimed to evaluate the suitability of flutter amplitude modulated tone (FAM) stimulation for generation of ASSRs: subjective pleasantness of FAMs and attentional effects on FAM-elicited 40Hz ASSRs were assessed. Commonly used click stimulation was used for comparison. FAMs produced ASSRs that were stable over the variety of tasks - they were not modulated by attentional demands during the task; responses to clicks were reduced and less synchronized during distraction. FAM stimuli were rated as less unpleasant and less arousing than click stimuli, thus being more pleasant to the subjects. Our findings suggest that FAM stimulation might be more suitable in conditions, where attention is difficult to control, i.e. in clinical settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Aleksandras
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Voicikas
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Ieva
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Niciute
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Osvaldas
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ruksenas
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania. Electronic address: i.griskova@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Inga
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Griskova-Bulanova
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory; D005260:Female; D065818:Gamma Rhythm; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: 40Hz; ASSR; Attention; Auditory steady-state response; Click stimulation; FAM; Flutter amplitude modulated tones