title: Detection of prostate cancer by an FDG-PET cancer screening program: results from a Japanese nationwide survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to analyze detection rates and effectiveness of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) cancer screening program for prostate cancer in Japan, which is defined as a cancer-screening program for subjects without known cancer. It contains FDG-PET aimed at detection of cancer at an early stage with or without additional screening tests such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 92,255 asymptomatic men underwent the FDG-PET cancer screening program. Of these, 504 cases with findings of possible prostate cancer in any screening method were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 504 cases, 165 were verified as having prostate cancer. Of these, only 61 cases were detected by FDG-PET, which result in 37.0% relative sensitivity and 32.8% positive predictive value (PPV). The sensitivity of PET/computed tomography (CT) scanner was higher than that of dedicated PET (44.0% vs. 20.4%). However, the sensitivity of FDG-PET was lower than that of PSA and pelvic MRI. FDG-PET did not contribute to improving the sensitivity and PPV when performed as combined screening.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PSA should be included in FDG-PET cancer screening programs to screen for prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryogo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Minamimoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Senda
authors.affiliation: Atsuchi Memorial Institute of Radiology, Atsuchi Memorial Clinic PET Center, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Seishi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jinnouchi
authors.affiliation: Division of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Terauchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
keywords: Cancer screening; FDG-PET; PET/CT; PSA; Prostate cancer