title: The growth of vegetative and reproductive structures (leaves and silks) respond similarly to hydraulic cues in maize.
abstract: The elongation of styles and stigma (silks) of maize (Zea mays) flowers is rapid (1-3 mm h(-1) ), occurs over a short period and plays a pivotal role in reproductive success in adverse environments. Silk elongation rate was measured using displacement transducers in 350 plants of eight genotypes during eight experiments with varying evaporative demand and soil water status. Measured time courses revealed that silk elongation rate closely followed changes in soil water status and evaporative demand, with day-night alternations similar to those in leaves. Day-night alternations were steeper with high than with low plant transpiration rate, manipulated via evaporative demand or by covering part of the leaf area. Half times of changes in silk elongation rate upon changes in evaporative demand or soil water status were 10-30 min, similar to those in leaves. The sensitivity of silk elongation rate to xylem water potential was genetically linked to that of leaf elongation rate. Lines greatly differed for these sensitivities. These results are consistent with a common hydraulic control of expansive growth in vegetative and reproductive structures upon changes in environmental conditions via a close connection with the xylem water potential. They have important implications for breeding, modelling and phenotyping.
authors.affiliation: UMR LEPSE, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34000, Montpellier, France. olivier.turc@supagro.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Turc
authors.affiliation: UMR LEPSE, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34000, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bouteillé
authors.affiliation: UMR LEPSE, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34000, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Avan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fuad-Hassan
authors.affiliation: UMR LEPSE, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34000, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Welcker
authors.affiliation: UMR LEPSE, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34000, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tardieu
mesh_terms: D035264:Flowers / Q000254:growth & development*; D007178:Inbreeding; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D018526:Plant Transpiration / Q000502:physiology; D012098:Reproduction; D012987:Soil; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water; D003313:Zea mays / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D014867:Water
keywords: Zea mays (maize); evaporative demand; hydraulics; leaf growth; silk growth; tissue expansive growth; water deficit