title: Pin-based electrochemical glucose sensor with multiplexing possibilities.
abstract: This work describes the use of mass-produced stainless-steel pins as low-cost electrodes to develop simple and portable amperometric glucose biosensors. A potentiostatic three-electrode configuration device is designed using two bare pins as reference and counter electrodes, and a carbon-ink coated pin as working electrode. Conventional transparency film without any pretreatment is used to punch the pins and contain the measurement solution. The interface to the potentiostat is very simple since it is based on a commercial female connection. This electrochemical system is applied to glucose determination using a bienzymatic sensor phase (glucose oxidase/horseradish peroxidase) with ferrocyanide as electron-transfer mediator, achieving a linear range from 0.05 to 1mM. It shows analytical characteristics comparable to glucose sensors previously reported using conventional electrodes, and its application for real food samples provides good results. The easy modification of the position of the pins allows designing different configurations with possibility of performing simultaneous measurements. This is demonstrated through a specific design that includes four pin working-electrodes. Different concentrations of antibody labeled with alkaline phosphatase are immobilized on the pin-heads and after enzymatic conversion of 3-indoxylphosphate and silver nitrate, metallic silver is determined by anodic stripping voltammetry.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
authors.forename: Estefanía C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Rama
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
authors.forename: Agustín
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Costa-García
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain. Electronic address: mtfernandeza@uniovi.es.
authors.forename: M Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Fernández-Abedul
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000737:chemistry; D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000201:enzymology; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004566:Electrodes; D004867:Equipment Design; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices / Q000032:analysis; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis; D057230:Limit of Detection; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D013193:Stainless Steel; D002244:Carbon; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Alkaline phosphatase; Enzymatic assay; Glucose oxidase; Glucose sensor; Multiplexed detection; Pin-based electroanalysis