title: A novel profile/view ordering with a non-convex star shutter for high-resolution 3D volumetric T1mapping under multiple breath-holds.
abstract: To examine a novel non-convex star ordering/shutter for reducing the number of breath-holds in cardiac three-dimensional (3D) T1Mapping MRI with multiple breath-holds.
  
  
  
  A novel ordering, Non-Convex Star (NCS) was designed to acquire 3D volumes in a modified look-locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) T1mapping sequence to provide more spatial resolution and coverage in fewer breath-holds. The proposed 3D-MOLLI approach using NCS was first validated in two phantoms using artifact power (AP) measurement against the fully sampled phantom. This was followed by an in vivo study in seven swine, in which the T1values of the left ventricular (LV) myocardium divided into the American Heart Association (AHA) 16-segment model was compared against the reference multislice two-dimensional (2D) clinical reference and 3D volume without NCS breath-hold reduction.
  
  
  
  NCS breath-hold reduction yielded less AP compared with the matched SENSE accelerated phantom volume (P < 0.0005), and was shown to be optimal at 25% fewer breath-holds. Calculated T1values from 3D in vivo volumes with/without NCS were comparable in all AHA segments (P = NS), whereas 3D-NCS yielded significantly higher T1values than 2D at midslice of the LV myocardium in each AHA segment (P < 0.05).
  
  
  
  We successfully demonstrate the feasibility of the NCS approach for a 3D T1mapping acquisition requiring fewer breath-holds. Magn Reson Med 77:2215-2224, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.|Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Sui-Cheng
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.|Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Amit R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Philips Healthcare, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Takeyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.|Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Roberto M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.affiliation: Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Keigo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawaji
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D062485:Breath Holding; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013382:Subtraction Technique; D013552:Swine
keywords: 3D; breath-holding; myocardial T1 mapping; quantitative cardiac MRI; scan time reduction