title: Surface Grafted Hyper-Branched Polyglycerol Stabilized Ag and AuNPs Heterogeneous Catalysts for Efficient Reduction of Congo Red.
abstract: Six types of insoluble polymer-supported beads immobilized with Ag and AuNPs nanoparticle catalysts were synthesized using newly prepared three different types of polymer-supported poly(styrene)-co-poly(vinyl benzene chloride) matrix (PS-PVBC), surface grafted with (i) triethanolamine (TEA), (ii) glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (GTMAC) and (iii) hyper-branched polyglycerol (HPG) and Ag and AuNPs as a catalytic moiety and thus yield polymer-supported nanoparticle catalysts viz., PS-PVBC-TEA-AgNPs and AuNPs, PS-PVBC-g-GTMAC-AgNPs and AuNPs and PS-PVBC-g-GTMAC-AgNPs and AuNPs catalyst respectively. These bead-shaped heterogonous nanoparticle catalysts were characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, FESEM, HRTEM and TGA techniques. The efficiency for stabilization/loading of metal nanoparticles with respect to varied intensities of hyper-branched chain grafted onto their matrix was screened by determining their comparative catalytic activity. The catalytic potential of these catalysts was inspected through reduction of Congo Red (CR) keeping pseudo first order identical reaction condition. The observed k(obs) values reveal that irrespective of metal the catalyst derived from hyper-branched polyglycerol as stabilizing agent viz., PS-PVBC-g-HPG-AgNPs and PS-PVBC-g-HPG-AuNPs shows (k(obs) = 3.98 x 10⁻² min⁻¹ and k(obs) = 4.54 x 10⁻² min⁻¹) four and two times greater activity than the catalyst derived from TEA and GTMAC hyper-branched chain. Further, for the same reaction PS-PVBC-g-HPG-AuNPs showed more efficiency than the PS-PVBC-g-HPG AgNPs catalyst. The stability and reusability of the superior catalyst viz., PS-PVBC-g-HPG-AuNPs catalyst was observed to be good even at the sixth cycle. This catalyst can be continuously used to conduct the reduction of various dyes in continuous mode operation in industrial scale.
authors.forename: Eagambaram
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Murugan
authors.forename: Paramasivam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shanmugam
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D003224:Congo Red / Q000737:chemistry*; D005990:Glycerol / Q000737:chemistry*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; C043941:polyglycerol; D012834:Silver; D003224:Congo Red; D006046:Gold; D005990:Glycerol