title: Coffee consumption modulates inflammatory processes in an individual fashion.
abstract: Anti-inflammatory effects of coffee consumption have been reported to be caused by caffeine and adenosine receptor signaling. However, contradictory effects have been observed. Many kinds of chronic diseases are linked to inflammation; therefore a profound understanding of potential effects of coffee consumption is desirable.
  
  
  
  We performed ex vivo experiments with eight individuals investigating peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from venous blood before and after coffee consumption, as well as in vitro experiments applying caffeine on isolated cells. After in vitro inflammatory stimulation of the cells, released cytokines, chemokines, and eicosanoids were determined and quantified using targeted mass spectrometric methods. Remarkably, the release of inflammation mediators IL6, IL8, GROA, CXCL2, CXCL5 as well as PGA2, PGD2, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), LTC4, LTE4, and 15S-HETE was significantly affected after coffee consumption. While in several individuals coffee consumption or caffeine treatment caused significant downregulation of most inflammation mediators, in other healthy individuals exactly the opposite effects were observed.
  
  
  
  Ruling out age, sex, coffee consumption habits, the metabolic kinetics of caffeine in blood and the individual amount of regulatory T cells or CD39 expression as predictive parameters, we demonstrated here that coffee consumption may have significant pro- or anti-inflammatory effects in an individual fashion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Besnik
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Muqaku
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Ammar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tahir
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Klepeisz
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bileck
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kreutz
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Rupert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Samuel M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Marlene
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gerner
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schmetterer
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gerner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018925:Chemokines / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D015777:Eicosanoids / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D003069:Coffee; D016207:Cytokines; D015777:Eicosanoids; D002110:Caffeine
keywords: Chemokines; Coffee; Eicosanoids; Inflammation; targeted MS