title: Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Adenosine Deaminase over the Alopecic Area of the Patients with Alopecia Areata.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune, T-cell mediated, and chronic inflammatory disorder. The pathological mechanisms of disease are unclear, but oxidative stress may be involved. To our knowledge, no studies have examined the oxidative stress levels or biomarkers within the lesional area and skin surface in patients with AA. Similarly, adenosine deaminase (ADA) has not been characterized in AA.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Therefore, we aimed to define ADA levels and the factors involved in oxidative stress from scalp-scrapes of patients with AA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 60 patients (30 diagnosed AA patients and 30 healthy controls) were included in the study. ADA as well as oxidative stress factors, including malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were analyzed from scalp-scrapes in both groups and quantified by spectrophotometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Activities of SOD (p=0.000), CAT (p=0.033), and ADA (p=0.004) as well as levels of GSH (p=0.000) and MDA (p=0.032) in patients with AA were higher than the controls statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on these results, factors associated with oxidative stress were elevated in AA patient scalp-scrapes compared to controls and may have a defined role the disease pathogenesis. Alterations in the activities of antioxidant enzymes from AA patient scraping samples may be a local effect of elevated oxidative stress levels. In this disease, oxidative stress may affect not only hair follicle but also any layers of the skin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Kahramanmaraş Sütçüimam University School of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.
authors.forename: Perihan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Öztürk
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Fatih University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Özer
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Arıcan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Kahramanmaraş Sütçüimam University School of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ergül Belge
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Kurutaş
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Kahramanmaraş Sütçüimam University School of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mülayim
keywords: Adenosine deaminase; alopecia areata; antioxidant; oxidative stress