title: Screening for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Prenatal Care: Prevalence and Characteristics in a Low-Income Population.
abstract: Objectives Investigate the feasibility of using a brief, 4-item PTSD screening tool (PTSD-PC) as part of routine prenatal care in two community health care settings serving ethnically and linguistically diverse low-income populations. Report prevalence and differences by sub-threshold and clinical levels, in demographic, health, mental health, risk behaviors, and service use. Methods Women were screened as part of their prenatal intake visit over a 2-year period. Those screening positive at clinical or sub-threshold levels were recruited if they spoke English, Spanish, Portuguese, Vietnamese or Arabic. Enrolled women were interviewed about psychosocial risk factors, prior traumas, PTSD symptoms, depression, anxiety, substance use, health and services, using validated survey instruments. Results Of 1362 women seen for prenatal intakes, 1259 (92 %) were screened, 208 (17 %) screened positive for PTSD at clinical (11 %) or sub-threshold levels (6 %), and 149 (72 % of all eligible women) enrolled in the study. Those screening positive were significantly younger, had more prior pregnancies, were less likely to be Asian or black, and were more likely to be non-English speakers. Enrolled women at clinical as compared to sub-threshold levels showed few differences in psychosocial risk, but had significantly more types of trauma, more trauma before age 18, more interpersonal trauma, and had greater depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms. Only about 25 % had received mental health treatment. Conclusions The PTSD-PC was a feasible screening tool for use in prenatal care. While those screening in at clinical levels were more symptomatic, those at subthreshold levels still showed substantial symptomology and psychosocial risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Benedict Building A3-203, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA. Melodie.wenzgross@umassmed.edu.|Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA. Melodie.wenzgross@umassmed.edu.
authors.forename: Melodie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wenz-Gross
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Benedict Building A3-203, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weinreb
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Benedict Building A3-203, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.|Department Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.|Center for Health Equity Interventions Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Upshur
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D011203:Poverty; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods*; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Post-traumatic stress disorder; Pregnancy; Prenatal care; Screening