title: Reliability and validity of the patient activation measure in hospitalized patients.
abstract: The purposes of this paper are to describe the internal consistency reliability and construct validity of the PAM-13 for hospitalized cardiology and oncology patients and to examine the predictors of low patient activation in the same population.
  
  
  
  We evaluated the internal consistency reliability of the PAM-13 in the inpatient setting. Construct validity of the PAM-13 was then assessed using two approaches: expected known-groups differences between patients with planned and unplanned admissions PAM-13 levels and convergence of PAM-13 levels with other measures.
  
  
  
  The PAM demonstrated adequate internal consistency overall (Cronbach α=0.81). Patients with unplanned admissions were more likely to have low activation than patients with planned admissions (adjusted OR=5.7, p=0.008). The PAM-13 was modestly correlated (p<0.001) with each of the PROMIS Global Health components used in this study (global, physical and mental health).
  
  
  
  This study demonstrates the PAM-13 is a reliable and valid measure for use in the inpatient hospital setting and that type of admission (planned versus unplanned) is an important predictor of patient activation.
  
  
  
  By measuring patient activation with the PAM-13, clinicians and researchers can provide tailored communication and care strategies to meet patient's needs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: jep2175@cumc.columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Prey
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Restaino
authors.affiliation: Institute for Policy Research and Innovation, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hibbard
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bakken
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schnall
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rothenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: David K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Vawdrey
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Masterson Creber
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D010358:Patient Participation; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*
keywords: Clinical informatics; Inpatient; Known-group analysis; Patient activation; Patient engagement; Validation