title: Cytokine and microbial profiles in relation to the clinical outcome following treatment of peri-implantitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study whether cytokine levels and bacterial counts in p atients with peri-implantitis reflect clinical treatment outcome following non-surgical management.
  
  
  METHODS
  Luminex magnet bead technology and checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization were used to assess treatment outcome after treatment at the implant with the most severe peri-implantitis in 41 participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Study group mean age was 40.3 years (SD ± 9.9). Stable treatment outcome after 6 months (no further bone loss, probing pocket depth decrease ≥0.5 mm, no bleeding/suppuration) was identified in 9 of 41 (22%) participants. Peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) levels were also lower for Il-1β (P < 0.01), and with trends of lower cytokine levels in PICF for TNF-α (P = 0.071), PDGFBB (P = 0.071), as well as for VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) (P = 0.071), and bacterial counts for Actinomyces israelii, Aggregatibacter actonomycetemcomitans (Y4), Campylobacter gracilis, Echerichia coli, Fusobacterium periodonticum, Leptotrichia buccalis, Parvimonas micra, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Streptococcus anginosus, and Tannerella forsythia. Increasing levels of IL-1 β and S. aureus (r2= 0.856) were found only at implants with non-stable outcome. A reduction of PICF levels for selected cytokines and bacteria studied had a sensitivity of 0.77, and a specificity of 0.80 against the clinical outcome as gold standard. Data analysis failed to differences in treatments (PerioFlow®versus YAG: ER laser) for changes in the expression of cytokines and bacteria studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At 6 months, clinically stable treatment outcome of peri-implantitis is associated lower levels of putative pathogens total bacterial load with ≥30% reduction of IL1-β, L-6, and VEGF levels in PICF.
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Society, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden.|Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden.|Trinity College, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Renvert
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Society, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Widén
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Society, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden.|University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Rutger G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Persson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D058491:Bacterial Load; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: bacteria; dental implant; human; pro-inflammatory marker