title: Technology and the Glaucoma Suspect.
abstract: To determine and compare the diagnostic performance of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), stereoscopic disc photographs, and automated perimetry as assessed by a group of glaucoma specialists in differentiating individuals with early glaucoma from suspects.
  
  
  
  Forty-six eyes (46 patients) with suspicious optic nerves had previously undergone SD-OCT scans, 24-2 visual fields (VFs), and optic disc photographs. The average VF mean deviation was -1.97 ± 2.09 (SD) dB. Four glaucoma specialists examined the 138 individual diagnostic tests and classified the patient as likely glaucomatous or nonglaucomatous based on the results of a single test. The diagnostic performances of each of the three tests were compared to a previously determined reference standard, based on the consensus of a separate panel of four glaucoma specialists who examined all three tests together.
  
  
  
  Among the four specialists, the interobserver agreement across the three diagnostic tests was poor for VF and photos, with kappa (κ) values of 0.13 and 0.16, respectively, and moderate for OCT, with κ value of 0.40. Using panel consensus as reference standard, OCT had the highest discriminative ability, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.99 (95% 0.96-1.0) compared to photograph AUC 0.85 (95% 0.73-0.96) and VF AUC 0.86 (95% 0.76-0.96), suggestive of closer performance to that of a group of glaucoma specialists.
  
  
  
  Compared to VF and disc photography, SD-OCT, when used alone, had better internal agreement as well as better agreement with the consensus of clinicians using all available data. Future studies should evaluate best practices for SD-OCT interpretation.
authors.affiliation: Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States.
authors.forename: Dana M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Blumberg
authors.affiliation: Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States.
authors.forename: Carlos Gustavo
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: De Moraes
authors.affiliation: Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States.
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Liebmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai Department of Ophthalmology, New York, New York, United States.
authors.forename: Reena
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.affiliation: Columbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States.
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Theventhiran
authors.affiliation: Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States 5Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Donald C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Hood
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000473:pathology; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology; D010781:Photography / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000379:methods*; D014794:Visual Fields