title: Baccalaureate Minority Nursing Students Perceived Barriers and Facilitators to Clinical Education Practices: An Integrative Review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This integrative review synthesized baccalaureate minority nursing students' perceptions of their clinical experiences.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The diversity of the nursing workforce does not mirror the United States population. Attrition rates of minority nursing students remain higher than rates for White students. Literature examining facilitators and barriers to minority student success predominantly focuses on academic factors, excluding those relevant to clinical education.
  
  
  METHODS
  An integrative review using literature from nursing and education.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three common perceived barriers were identified: discrimination from faculty, peers, nursing staff, and patients; bias in faculty grading practices; and isolation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although little is known about the relationship between clinical failures and overall attrition, this review provides evidence that minority students encounter significant barriers in clinical education. To increase the diversity of the nursing workforce, faculty must address these issues and make modifications to ensure an equal opportunity at a quality education for all students.
authors.forename: Crystal L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Shannon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Susan D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: Teresa W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Atz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D004508:Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000523:psychology*; D015402:Nursing Education Research; D011287:Prejudice / Q000523:psychology*; D013338:Students, Nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult