title: Reconstructing the historical distribution of the Amur Leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) in Northeast China based on historical records.
abstract: The range of the Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) has decreased dramatically over the last 100 years. This species is still under extreme risk of extinction and conservation efforts are rigorous. Understanding the long-term dynamics of the population decline would be helpful to offer insight into the mechanism behind the decline and endangerment and improve conservation perspectives and strategies. Historical data collection has been the challenge for reconstructing the historical distribution. In China, new gazetteers having systematic compilation and considerable local ecological data can be considered as an important complementary for reconstruction. Therefore, we have set up a data set (mainly based on the new gazetteers) in order to identify the historical range of the Amur Leopard from the 1950s to 2014. The result shows that the Amur leopard was historically widely distributed with large populations in Northeastern China, but it presented a sharp decline after the 1970s. The decline appeared from the plains to the mountains and northeast to southwest since the 1950s. Long-term historical data, mainly from new gazetteers, demonstrates that such resources are capable of tracking species change through time and offers an opportunity to reduce data shortage and enhance understanding in conservation.
authors.affiliation: School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, NO.35 Tsinghua East Road Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, NO.35 Tsinghua East Road Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Mujiao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, NO.35 Tsinghua East Road Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, NO.35 Tsinghua East Road Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, NO.35 Tsinghua East Road Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yueheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, NO.35 Tsinghua East Road Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, NO.35 Tsinghua East Road Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, NO.35 Tsinghua East Road Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luan
keywords: Amur Leopard; Far Eastern Leopard; Northeast China; Panthera pardus orientalis; historical distribution; new gazetteers