title: Nineteenth century French rose (Rosa sp.) germplasm shows a shift over time from a European to an Asian genetic background.
abstract: Hybridization with introduced genetic resources is commonly practiced in ornamental plant breeding to introgress desired traits. The 19th century was a golden age for rose breeding in France. The objective here was to study the evolution of rose genetic diversity over this period, which included the introduction of Asian genotypes into Europe. A large sample of 1228 garden roses encompassing the conserved diversity cultivated during the 18th and 19th centuries was genotyped with 32 microsatellite primer pairs. Its genetic diversity and structure were clarified. Wide diversity structured in 16 genetic groups was observed. Genetic differentiation was detected between ancient European and Asian accessions, and a temporal shift from a European to an Asian genetic background was observed in cultivated European hybrids during the 19th century. Frequent crosses with Asian roses throughout the 19th century and/or selection for Asiatic traits may have induced this shift. In addition, the consistency of the results with respect to a horticultural classification is discussed. Some horticultural groups, defined according to phenotype and/or knowledge of their pedigree, seem to be genetically more consistent than others, highlighting the difficulty of classifying cultivated plants. Therefore, the horticultural classification is probably more appropriate for commercial purposes rather than genetic relatedness, especially to define preservation and breeding strategies.
authors.affiliation: IRHS, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France.
authors.forename: Mathilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liorzou
authors.affiliation: IRHS, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France.
authors.forename: Alix
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pernet
authors.affiliation: IRHS, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China.
authors.forename: Shubin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: IRHS, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France.
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chastellier
authors.affiliation: IRHS, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thouroude
authors.affiliation: IRHS, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.affiliation: IRHS, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France.
authors.forename: Valéry
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Malécot
authors.affiliation: IRHS, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gaillard
authors.affiliation: Université d'Angers, UMR CNRS 6258 CERHIO, Centre de recherches historiques de l'Ouest, 5 bis Bd Lavoisier 49045 Angers, France.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Briée
authors.affiliation: IRHS, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France.
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Foucher
authors.affiliation: Université d'Angers, UMR CNRS 6258 CERHIO, Centre de recherches historiques de l'Ouest, 5 bis Bd Lavoisier 49045 Angers, France.
authors.forename: Cristiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oghina-Pavie
authors.affiliation: IRHS, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France.
authors.forename: Jérémy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clotault
authors.affiliation: IRHS, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France Agnes.Grapin@agrocampus-ouest.fr.
authors.forename: Agnès
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grapin
mesh_terms: D001208:Asia; D005060:Europe; D005602:France; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D000069600:Plant Breeding / Q000266:history*; D027826:Rosa / Q000235:genetics*
keywords: Diversity; Rosa sp.; SSR markers.; genetic structure; historical resources; hybridization; ornamental plant; ploidy level