title: Jam Injuries of the Finger: Diagnosis and Management of Injuries to the Interphalangeal Joints Across Multiple Sports and Levels of Experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Jam injuries of the finger are frequently encountered in general orthopaedic and sports medicine practice. The finger joints in particular are very susceptible to traumatic injury, but in the absence of severe deformity, digital trauma is often downplayed in the hopes of a more rapid return to game play.
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles published from 1966 to 2015 were reviewed to capture historical and current views on the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of jam injuries in athletes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level 5.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although jam injuries are frequently grouped together, they represent a host of injuries that can be challenging to differentiate. A thorough knowledge of finger joint anatomy and injury mechanism is critical to perform an appropriate examination, establish an accurate diagnosis, and identify a treatment plan for each patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Every member of the athletic care team must be aware of the spectrum of digital injuries, including the basic signs present on examination, which may indicate the need for more formal workup. Additionally, preventing injury through athlete education is paramount to athletic care.
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio katherine.carruthers@utoledo.edu.
authors.forename: Katherine H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Carruthers
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skie
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jain
mesh_terms: D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D005383:Finger Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D005384:Finger Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D050278:Finger Phalanges / Q000293:injuries; D006801:Humans; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000293:injuries; D010808:Physical Examination; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: dislocation; distal interphalangeal joint; finger injury; jam injury; proximal interphalangeal joint