title: Short-term Efficacy of Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant in Vitrectomized Eyes with Recalcitrant Diabetic Macular Edema and Prior Anti-VEGF Therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy of an intravitreal dexamethasone implant (IDI) for diabetic macular edema (DME) in vitrectomized eyes.
  
  
  METHODS
  This interventional retrospective consecutive case series included vitrectomized eyes undergoing IDI placement for treatment of recalcitrant DME between June 2011 and June 2014. All patients had previously received anti-VEGF therapy (ranibizumab or bevacizumab). Primary endpoints were changes in visual acuity (VA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) from baseline values one month after device implantation. Secondary endpoints were VA and CRT changes at 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 8 eyes of 8 patients met the inclusion criteria. One month after IDI placement, there was a significant (p = 0.01) improvement in VA from 0.79 ± 0.52 logMAR (20/123 Snellen equivalent) to 0.64 ± 0.55 logMAR (20/88), meanwhile CRT improved from 455.75 ± 123.19 to 295.00 ± 90.39 μm (p = 0.02). These findings persisted at 3 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vitrectomized eyes previously treated with anti-VEGF agents for recalcitrant DME, implantation of the IDI appears to be efficacious in improving VA and CRT at 1-month with the observed benefits persisting for at least for 3 months.
authors.affiliation: Associated Retinal Consultants, Royal Oak, MI, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Beaumont Eye Institute, Royal Oak, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Ankoor R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Beaumont Eye Institute, Royal Oak, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Mengqiao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: Associated Retinal Consultants, Royal Oak, MI, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Beaumont Eye Institute, Royal Oak, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Ashkan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abbey
authors.affiliation: Associated Retinal Consultants, Royal Oak, MI, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Beaumont Eye Institute, Royal Oak, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yonekawa
authors.affiliation: Associated Retinal Consultants, Royal Oak, MI, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Beaumont Eye Institute, Royal Oak, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Faia
authors.affiliation: Associated Retinal Consultants, Royal Oak, MI, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Beaumont Eye Institute, Royal Oak, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Tarek S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: Associated Retinal Consultants, Royal Oak, MI, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Beaumont Eye Institute, Royal Oak, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ruby
authors.affiliation: Associated Retinal Consultants, Royal Oak, MI, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Beaumont Eye Institute, Royal Oak, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Jeremy D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wolfe
keywords: Dexamethasone; Diabetic Macular Edema; Ozurdex; Vitrectomy