title: Remediation of Arsenic Contaminated Soil Using Phosphate and Colloidal Gas Aphron Suspensions Produced from Sapindus mukorossi.
abstract: Phosphate and colloidal gas aphrons (CGAs) generated from saponin extracted from Sapindus mukorossi fruit, were evaluated for washing low levels of arsenic from an iron rich soil. Phosphate is one of the most commonly dispersed chemicals that increases arsenic mobility in soil due to their structural similarities, making it an important factor in arsenic removal process. Column washing experiments were performed with CGAs in down flow and up flow modes on soil of pH 5 and 6. Soapnut CGAs, when paired with phosphate removed up to 95 % arsenic while soapnut CGAs alone could only remove up to 70 % arsenic. The presence of phosphate improved efficiency of soapnut solution by up to 35 %. SEM image of washed soil revealed minor corrosion of soil surface while using phosphate with soapnut. Therefore, the addition of phosphates would have positive impact on soil washing using soapnut saponin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Soumyadeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukhopadhyay
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sumona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. alihashim@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: Mohd Ali
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0570-6788
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hashim
authors.affiliation: Water Academy, Institute of Infrastructure and Environment, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh Campus, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Bhaskar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sen Gupta
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D045423:Microbubbles; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D032127:Sapindus / Q000737:chemistry*; D012503:Saponins / Q000737:chemistry; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D013535:Suspensions / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D012503:Saponins; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013535:Suspensions; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: Arsenic; Colloidal gas aphrons; Sapindus mukorossi; Soapnut; Soil remediation