title: Long-term Effects of Pyrethrin and Cyfluthrin, a Type II Synthetic Pyrethroid, Insecticide Applications on Bull Reproductive Parameters.
abstract: The objectives of this study were to determine effects of cyfluthrin and pyrethrin spray products, used in combination with cyfluthrin topical and ear tag applications, on bull reproductive parameters over 18 weeks. Angus or Angus x Simmental bulls were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: (i) no exposure to pyrethrins/cyfluthrin (CONT; n = 10), (ii) cyfluthrin ear tag and topical applications (ET; n = 10), or (iii) cyfluthrin ear tag, topical, premise spray and pyrethrin fog spray applications (ET+S; n = 8). Bull body weight was measured every 3 week, and body condition score and scrotal circumference were recorded on weeks 0, 9 and 18. Semen and serum were collected every 3 weeks for sperm evaluation and testosterone measurement, respectively. There was a treatment × week interaction (p < 0.01) for sperm with primary defects; bulls in CONT group had a greater (p = 0.01) percentage of sperm with primary defects than bulls treated with insecticides at week 18. Overall and progressive sperm motility, normal sperm morphology, secondary sperm defects and serum testosterone concentrations changed (p < 0.01) over time in all bulls; however, treatment did not affect (p ≥ 0.13) any of these parameters. There were also no treatment effects (p ≥ 0.08) on bull body weight, body condition score or scrotal circumference. The use of pyrethrin- and cyfluthrin-based insecticides, regardless of application, did not negatively affect reproductive parameters in beef bulls when administered over 18 weeks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA. jreiche2@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: J L
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4406-2556
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Shipley
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Ireland
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Jarrell
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Timlin
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Shike
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Felix
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000097:blood*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D009570:Nitriles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; D013739:Testosterone; C052570:cyfluthrin