title: A Perspective of Immunotherapy for Prostate Cancer.
abstract: In cancer patients, the immune system is often altered with an excess of inhibitory factors, such as immunosuppressive cytokines, produced by regulatory T cells (Treg) or myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). The manipulation of the immune system has emerged as one of new promising therapies for cancer treatment, and also represents an attractive strategy to control prostate cancer (PCa). Therapeutic cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been the most investigated in clinical trials. Many trials are ongoing to define the effects of immune therapy with established treatments: androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and chemotherapy (CT) or radiotherapy (RT). This article discusses some of these approaches in the context of future treatments for PCa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy. ida.silvestri@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Ida
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Silvestri
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy. susanna.cattarino@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cattarino
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy. sabrinagiantulli@alice.it.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giantulli
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health hand Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy. cristina.nazzari@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nazzari
authors.affiliation: Medicine of Systems, Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Translational Medicine of the University Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy. giulia.collalti86@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Collalti
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy. sciarra.md@libero.it.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sciarra
keywords: dendritic cells; immune system; immune therapy; myeloid-derived suppressor cells; prostate cancer; regulatory T cells; tumor associated macrophages