title: Microbiome profiling of drinking water in relation to incidence of inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: The etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unknown; current research is focused on determining environmental factors. One consideration is drinking water: water systems harbour considerable microbial diversity, with bacterial concentrations estimated at 10(6)-10(8) cells/L. Perhaps differences in microbial ecology of water sources may impact differential incidence rates of IBD. Regions of Manitoba were geographically mapped according to incidence rates of IBD and identified as high (HIA) or low (LIA) incidence areas. Bulk water, filter material, and pipe wall samples were collected from public buildings in different jurisdictions and their population structure analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria were observed significantly less frequently (P = 0.02) in HIA versus LIA. The abundance of Proteobacteria was also found to vary according to water treatment distribution networks. Gammaproteobacteria was the most abundant class of bacteria and was observed more frequently (P = 0.006) in LIA. At the genus level, microbes found to associate with HIA include Bradyrhizobium (P = 0.02) and Pseudomonas (P = 0.02). Particular microbes were found to associate with LIA or HIA, based on sample location and (or) type. This work lays out a basis for further studies exploring water as a potential environmental source for IBD triggers.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.|b National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Jessica D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.|b National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van Domselaar
authors.affiliation: c Department of Internal Medicine and the University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sargent
authors.affiliation: d Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: e Centre for Research on Environmental Microbiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Springthorpe
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Denis O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.affiliation: c Department of Internal Medicine and the University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
authors.forename: Charles N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Bernstein
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D064307:Microbiota; D020560:Proteobacteria / Q000235:genetics; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D060766:Drinking Water; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
keywords: 16S rDNA; ADNr 16S; epidemiology; etiology; inflammatory bowel disease; maladie intestinale inflammatoire; microbiome de l’eau; water microbiome; épidémiologie; étiologie