title: Socioeconomic predictors of dietary patterns among Guatemalan adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to assess the associations of socioeconomic factors with dietary patterns in a Guatemalan population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional data of 1076 participants (42 % men, mean age 32.6 ± 4.2 years) collected between 2002 and 2004 in four rural villages in Guatemala. Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis. Chi-square and Poisson regression models were used to assess associations between socioeconomic factors and dietary patterns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three dietary patterns were identified: "Western" (high in processed foods), "traditional" (high in traditional foods) and "coffee and sugar", explaining 11, 7 and 6 % of the variance, respectively. Annual expenditures were associated with a higher adherence to the "Western" pattern: prevalence ratios [(PR) (95 % confidence interval)] 1.92 (1.17-3.15) for the highest vs. lowest expenditure group in men and 8.99 (3.57-22.64) in women. A borderline significant (p = 0.06) negative association was found between the "traditional" pattern and higher household expenditures [0.71 (0.49-1.02) in men] and with schooling [0.23 (0.05-1.02)] in women (p = 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dietary patterns in Guatemala are predicted by socioeconomic factors. In particular, high annual expenditures are associated with a more westernized, less traditional diet.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ana-Lucia
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9635-0416
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Mayén
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stringhini
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Nicole D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.affiliation: Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Reynaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martorell
authors.affiliation: Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Aryeh D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paccaud
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. Pedro-Manuel.Marques-Vidal@chuv.ch.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marques-Vidal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005260:Female; D006166:Guatemala; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: Diet patterns; Expenditures; Guatemala; Socioeconomic