title: Asymmetrical seeding of MSCs into fibrin-poly(ester-urethane) scaffolds and its effect on mechanically induced chondrogenesis.
abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently being investigated as candidate cells for regenerative medicine approaches for the repair of damaged articular cartilage. For these cells to be used clinically, it is important to understand how they will react to the complex loading environment of a joint in vivo. In addition to investigating alternative cell sources, it is also important for the structure of tissue-engineered constructs and the organization of cells within them to be developed and, if possible, improved. A custom built bioreactor was used to expose human MSCs to a combination of shear and compression loading. The MSCs were either evenly distributed throughout fibrin-poly(ester-urethane) scaffolds or asymmetrically seeded with a small proportion seeded on the surface of the scaffold. The effect of cell distribution on the production and deposition of cartilage-like matrix in response to mechanical load mimicking in vivo joint loading was then investigated. The results show that asymmetrically seeding the scaffold led to markedly improved tissue development based on histologically detectable matrix deposition. Consideration of cell location, therefore, is an important aspect in the development of regenerative medicine approaches for cartilage repair. This is particularly relevant when considering the natural biomechanical environment of the joint in vivo and patient rehabilitation protocols. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Regeneration, AO Research Institute, Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland.|School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Oliver F W
authors.initials: OFW
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Musumeci
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Regeneration, AO Research Institute, Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alexander J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Regeneration, AO Research Institute, Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eglin
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
authors.forename: Charles W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Archer
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Regeneration, AO Research Institute, Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alini
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Regeneration, AO Research Institute, Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stoddart
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005337:Fibrin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D011091:Polyesters / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D011091:Polyesters; D011140:Polyurethanes; C081821:microthane foam; D005337:Fibrin; D004247:DNA
keywords: bioreactor; cartilage repair; mesenchymal stem cell; multi-axial load; poly-ester-urethane; shear