title: Hypoglycemic activity of the Baker's yeast β-glucan in obese/type 2 diabetic mice and the underlying mechanism.
abstract: β-Glucans have been shown to reduce the risk of obesity and diabetes. However, they often contain diverse polysaccharides and other ingredients, leading to elusive experimental data and mechanisms. In this study, a pure β-glucan was obtained from the crude Baker's yeast polysaccharides for investigating its effect on the metabolic disorders in high-fat diet induced obese (DIO)/type 2 diabetic (T2D) mice and the underlying mechanism.
  
  
  
  The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy data indicated that the pure β-glucan (BYGlc) was a linear β-(1→3)-glucan. It was first found that the oral administration of BYGlc into T2D and DIO mice significantly downregulated the blood glucose through suppressing sodium-glucose transporter-1 expression in intestinal mucosa. Meanwhile, BYGlc promoted glycogen synthesis and inhibited fat accumulation in liver, and depressed macrophage infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokines production measured by histochemistry/immunohistochemistry and ELISA. Additionally, BYGlc remarkably decreased Firmicutes population and increased the proportion of Akkermansia by 16S rDNA analysis.
  
  
  
  BYGlc showed hypoglycemic activity accompanied by promotion of metabolism and inhibition of inflammation in T2D/DIO mice model. The hypoglycemic mechanisms were first declared to be through suppressing sodium-glucose transporter-1 expression and possibly associated with the altered gut microbiota.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Siwei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Mengxia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Zan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D005260:Female; D000068536:Bacillota / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism*; D051269:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D061327:Verrucomicrobia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; C495675:Slc5a1 protein, mouse; D051269:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1; D047071:beta-Glucans
keywords: Gut microbiome; Inflammation; Insoluble β-glucan; Obesity and type 2 diabetes; SGLT-1