title: Photobleaching by Spectralis Fixation Target.
abstract: The aim of this study is to determine whether the cross-shaped fixation target in a spectral-domain optical coherence tomography instrument (Spectralis; Heidelberg Engineering) could produce a cross-shaped increase fundus autofluorescence artifact on subsequent imaging.
  
  
  
  Thirty eyes of 15 healthy volunteers (8 women and 7 men; mean [SD] age 24 [3] years) were included in the study, which was conducted between October 2015 and December 2015. In all eyes, a cross-shaped increase in macular autofluorescence with variable intensity occurred after Spectralis spectral-domain optical coherence tomography acquisition. This peculiar pattern was also detected on confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope infrared reflectance and MultiColor imaging. Interestingly, no changes in macular fundus autofluorescence pattern were evident after optical coherence tomography acquisition with either Cirrus HD-OCT 5000 or RTVue XR Avanti.
  
  
  
  In an era characterized by extensive use of optical coherence tomography examination in clinical practice, the potential deleterious effects related to photopigments consumption by Spectralis optical coherence tomography fixation point deserve further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Livia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tomasso
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Benatti
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carnevali
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mazzaferro
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baldin
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Lea
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Querques
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bandello
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Querques
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016477:Artifacts; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D019721:Ophthalmoscopes; D038761:Photobleaching; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000295:instrumentation*; D055815:Young Adult