title: Cholinergic and glutamatergic transmission at synapses between pedunculopotine tegmental nucleus axonal terminals and A7 catecholamine cell group noradrenergic neurons in the rat.
abstract: We characterized transmission from the pedunculopotine tegmental nucleus (PPTg), which contains cholinergic and glutamatergic neurons, at synapses with noradrenergic (NAergic) A7 neurons. Injection of an anterograde neuronal tracer, biotinylated-dextran amine, into the PPTg resulted in labeling of axonal terminals making synaptic connection with NAergic A7 neurons. Consistent with this, extracellular stimulation using a train of 10 pulses at 100 Hz evoked both fast and slow excitatory synaptic currents (EPSCs) that were blocked, respectively, by DNQX, a non-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor blocker, or atropine, a cholinergic muscarinic receptor (mAChR) blocker. Interestingly, many spontaneous-like, but stimulation-dependent, EPSCs, were seen for up to one second after the end of stimulation and were blocked by DNQX and decreased by EGTA-AM, a membrane permeable form of EGTA, showing they are glutamatergic EPSCs causing by asynchronous release of vesicular quanta. Moreover, application of atropine or carbachol, an mAChR agonist, caused, respectively, an increase in the number of asynchronous EPSCs or a decrease in the frequency of miniature EPSCs, showing that mAChRs mediated presynaptic inhibition of glutamatergic transmission of the PPTg onto NAergic A7 neurons. In conclusion, our data show direct synaptic transmission of PPTg afferents onto pontine NAergic neurons that involves cooperation of cholinergic and glutamatergic transmission. This dual-transmitter transmission drives the firing rate of NAergic neurons, which may correlate with axonal and somatic/dendritic release of NA.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 107, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 107, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Meng-Jiyuan
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 107, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 107, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tien-Wei
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 107, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 107, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Chen
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 107, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 107, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chieh-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 107, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 107, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Cheng
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 107, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ting-Hsuan
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chingju
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chi-Sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung 401, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung 401, Taiwan. Electronic address: hwy@csmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Hsiu-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 107, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 107, Taiwan; Center for Neurobiology and Cognition Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 107, Taiwan. Electronic address: mymin@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Ming-Yuan
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Min
mesh_terms: D059331:Adrenergic Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D059329:Cholinergic Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D045042:Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013569:Synapses / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques
chemical_list: D018698:Glutamic Acid
keywords: Asynchronous release; Locus coeruleus; Muscarinic receptor; Pain