title: Immunophenotypes of Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML) Subtypes by Flow Cytometry:  A Comparison of CMML-1 vs CMML-2, Myeloproliferative vs Dysplastic, De Novo vs Therapy-Related, and CMML-Specific Cytogenetic Risk Subtypes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to immunophenotype blasts, monocytes, and granulocytes in chronic myelomonocytic leukemias (CMMLs) and compare CMML subtypes, to identify if significant antigen expression differences existed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bone marrow blasts, monocytes, and granulocytes from CMML subgroups (n = 30; World Health Organization types 1/2, proliferative/dysplastic, therapy related/de novo, and low/intermediate/high cytogenetic risk) were immunophenotypically compared by flow cytometry with 10 nonneoplastic control marrows.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aberrancies were present in blasts of 26 (87%) of 30 CMMLs (26 diagnostic; four follow-up) and six (60%) of 10 controls (P = .089), monocytes of 28 (93%) of 30 CMMLs and six (60%) of 10 controls (P = .026), and granulocytes of eight (28%) of 29 CMMLs and zero of 10 controls (P = .166). Underexpression of CD14 and CD15 on monocytes was more common in CMMLs compared with controls (P = .008 and P = .043). Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in antigen expression between the CMML subgroups on blasts or monocytes; granulocytes demonstrated more common HLA-DR expression in CMML-2 vs CMML-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings confirm heterogeneity within CMML subgroups and find no specific qualitative or quantitative findings characteristic of a subgroup.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. aharring@mcw.edu.
authors.forename: Alexandra M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Harrington
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
authors.forename: Lindsay A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Schelling
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
authors.forename: Atousa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ordobazari
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
authors.forename: Horatiu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Olteanu
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hosking
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
authors.forename: Steven H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kroft
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping / Q000379:methods*; D015477:Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Blasts; Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia; Flow cytometry; Granulocytes; Immunophenotype; Monocytes