title: Primary and Secondary Stroke Prevention in Children With Sickle Cell Disease.
abstract: Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) have numerous acute and chronic complications, including central nervous system (CNS) disease, which can be debilitating over their life span. Recognition of risk factors for CNS disease and overt CNS disease should be properly identified by primary care providers, including physicians, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners. Here, we discuss an emerging and important early indicator of CNS disease in the form of silent cerebral infarcts and review overt stroke in patients with SCD. We also discuss transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, when and how often transcranial Doppler ultrasounds should be performed, and management of abnormal results. Lastly, we review the clinical data for the management and prevention of silent cerebral infarcts and overt stroke in children with SCD.
authors.forename: A Kyle
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mack
authors.forename: Alexis A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000986:Antisickling Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D002648:Child; D000072226:Computed Tomography Angiography; D006801:Humans; D006918:Hydroxyurea / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D055502:Secondary Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D000986:Antisickling Agents; D006918:Hydroxyurea
keywords: Cerebral infarct; sickle cell disease; stroke; transcranial Doppler ultrasonography