title: Linguistic validation of stigmatisation degree, self-esteem and knowledge questionnaire among asthma patients using Rasch analysis.
abstract: The stigmatisation degree, self-esteem and knowledge either directly or indirectly influence the control and self-management of asthma. To date, there is no valid and reliable instrument that can assess these key issues collectively. The main aim of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the newly devised and translated "Stigmatisation Degree, Self-Esteem and Knowledge Questionnaire" among adult asthma patients using the Rasch measurement model.
  
  
  
  This cross-sectional study recruited thirty adult asthma patients from two respiratory specialist clinics in Selangor, Malaysia. The newly devised self-administered questionnaire was adapted from relevant publications and translated into the Malay language using international standard translation guidelines. Content and face validation was done. The data were extracted and analysed for real item reliability and construct validation using the Rasch model.
  
  
  
  The translated "Stigmatisation Degree, Self-Esteem and Knowledge Questionnaire" showed high real item reliability values of 0.90, 0.86 and 0.89 for stigmatisation degree, self-esteem, and knowledge of asthma, respectively. Furthermore, all values of point measure correlation (PTMEA Corr) analysis were within the acceptable specified range of the Rasch model. Infit/outfit mean square values and Z standard (ZSTD) values of each item verified the construct validity and suggested retaining all the items in the questionnaire. The reliability analyses and output tables of item measures for construct validation proved the translated Malaysian version of "Stigmatisation Degree, Self-Esteem and Knowledge Questionnaire" as a valid and highly reliable questionnaire.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University , Kuala Langat , Selangor , Malaysia.|b Clinical Pharmaceutics Research Group (CPRG), Inhalational Delivery Research Unit (IDRU) & Biomedical Analysis Lab (BAL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA , Puncak Alam , Selangor , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sohail
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: c Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA , Batu Caves , Selangor , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ahmad Izuanuddin
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.affiliation: d School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia , Selangor , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Tahir Mehmood
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: b Clinical Pharmaceutics Research Group (CPRG), Inhalational Delivery Research Unit (IDRU) & Biomedical Analysis Lab (BAL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA , Puncak Alam , Selangor , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Waqas
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Akram
authors.affiliation: c Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA , Batu Caves , Selangor , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd Arif
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mohd Zim
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University , Kuala Langat , Selangor , Malaysia.|b Clinical Pharmaceutics Research Group (CPRG), Inhalational Delivery Research Unit (IDRU) & Biomedical Analysis Lab (BAL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA , Puncak Alam , Selangor , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nahlah Elkudssiah
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Ismail
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012649:Self Concept; D057545:Social Stigma; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Control; management; quality of life