title: Active Tuberculosis Case Finding Interventions Among Immigrants, Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Italy.
abstract: In Italy tuberculosis (TB) is largely concentrated in vulnerable groups such as migrants and in urban settings. We analyzed three TB case finding interventions conducted at primary centers and mobile clinics for regular/irregular immigrants and refugees/asylum seekers performed over a four-year period (November 2009-March 2014) at five different sites in Rome and one site in Milan, Italy. TB history and presence of symptoms suggestive of active TB were investigated by verbal screening through a structured questionnaire in migrants presenting for any medical condition to out-patient and mobile clinics. Individuals reporting TB history or symptoms were referred to a TB clinic for diagnostic workup. Among 6347 migrants enrolled, 891 (14.0%) reported TB history or symptoms suggestive of active TB and 546 (61.3%) were referred to the TB clinic. Of them, 254 (46.5%) did not present for diagnostic evaluation. TB was diagnosed in 11 individuals representing 0.17% of those screened and 3.76% of those evaluated. The overall yield of this intervention was in the range reported for other TB screening programs for migrants, although we recorded an unsatisfactory adherence to diagnostic workup. Possible advantages of this intervention include low cost and reduced burden of medical procedures for the screened population.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani , Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Monica Sañé
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Schepisi
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, L. Spallanzani , Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Gina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gualano
authors.affiliation: Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani , Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Pierluca
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Piselli
authors.affiliation: Cittadini del mondo , Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazza
authors.affiliation: Cittadini del mondo , Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: D'Angelo
authors.affiliation: Medici per i Diritti Umani Onlus , Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fasciani
authors.affiliation: Medici per i Diritti Umani Onlus , Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barbieri
authors.affiliation: Salute per i migranti forzati (SaMiFo) Centro Astalli, Local Health Unit AUSL RM A , Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rocca
authors.affiliation: Salute per i migranti forzati (SaMiFo) Centro Astalli, Local Health Unit AUSL RM A , Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gnolfo
authors.affiliation: NAGA , Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Piefranco
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Olivani
authors.affiliation: Regional Reference Center for TB -Villa Marelli Institute, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital , Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrarese
authors.affiliation: Regional Reference Center for TB -Villa Marelli Institute, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital , Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi Ruffo
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Codecasa
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, L. Spallanzani , Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Palmieri
authors.affiliation: Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani , Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Girardi
keywords: Migrants; access to care; active case finding; adherence to screening; tuberculosis