title: Orthotopic Esophageal Cancers: Intraesophageal Hyperthermia-enhanced Direct Chemotherapy in Rats.
abstract: Purpose To determine the feasibility of using intraesophageal radiofrequency (RF) hyperthermia to enhance local chemotherapy in a rat model with orthotopic esophageal squamous cancers. Materials and Methods The animal protocol was approved by the institutional animal care and use committee and the institutional review board. Human esophageal squamous cancer cells were transduced with luciferase lentiviral particles. Cancer cells, mice with subcutaneous cancer esophageal xenografts, and nude rats with orthotopic esophageal cancers in four study groups of six animals per group were treated with (a) combination therapy of magnetic resonance imaging heating guidewire-mediated RF hyperthermia (42°C) plus local chemotherapy (cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil), (b) chemotherapy alone, (c) RF hyperthermia alone, and (d) phosphate-buffered saline. Bioluminescent optical imaging and transcutaneous ultrasonographic imaging were used to observe bioluminescence signal and changes in tumor size among the groups over 2 weeks, which were correlated with subsequent histologic results. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparisons of variables. Results Compared with chemotherapy alone, RF hyperthermia alone, and phosphate-buffered saline, combination therapy with RF hyperthermia and chemotherapy induced the lowest cell proliferation (relative absorbance of formazan: 23.4% ± 7, 44.6% ± 7.5, 95.8% ± 2, 100%, respectively; P < .0001), rendered the smallest relative tumor volume (0.65 mm3± 0.15, P < .0001) and relative bioluminescence optical imaging photon signal (0.57 × 107photons per second per square millimeter ± 0.15, P < .001) of mice with esophageal cancer xenografts, as well as the smallest relative tumor volume (0.68 mm3± 0.13, P < .05) and relative photon signal (0.56 × 107photons per second per square millimeter ± 0.11. P < .001) of rat orthotopic esophageal cancers. Conclusion Intraesophageal RF hyperthermia can enhance the effect of chemotherapy on esophageal squamous cell cancers.©RSNA, 2016.
authors.affiliation: From the Image-guided Biomolecular Intervention Research and Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Campus Box 358056, 850 Republican St, Room S470, Seattle, WA 98109.
authors.forename: Yaoping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: From the Image-guided Biomolecular Intervention Research and Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Campus Box 358056, 850 Republican St, Room S470, Seattle, WA 98109.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: From the Image-guided Biomolecular Intervention Research and Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Campus Box 358056, 850 Republican St, Room S470, Seattle, WA 98109.
authors.forename: Zhibin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: From the Image-guided Biomolecular Intervention Research and Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Campus Box 358056, 850 Republican St, Room S470, Seattle, WA 98109.
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: From the Image-guided Biomolecular Intervention Research and Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Campus Box 358056, 850 Republican St, Room S470, Seattle, WA 98109.
authors.forename: Longhua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: From the Image-guided Biomolecular Intervention Research and Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Campus Box 358056, 850 Republican St, Room S470, Seattle, WA 98109.
authors.forename: Yonggang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: From the Image-guided Biomolecular Intervention Research and Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Campus Box 358056, 850 Republican St, Room S470, Seattle, WA 98109.
authors.forename: Yanfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: From the Image-guided Biomolecular Intervention Research and Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Campus Box 358056, 850 Republican St, Room S470, Seattle, WA 98109.
authors.forename: Karim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Valji
authors.affiliation: From the Image-guided Biomolecular Intervention Research and Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Campus Box 358056, 850 Republican St, Room S470, Seattle, WA 98109.
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D000077277:Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; D064593:Heterografts; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008819:Mice, Nude; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D051381:Rats; D011923:Rats, Nude; D015996:Survival Rate; D047368:Tumor Burden; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014463:Ultrasonography