title: Persistent increased PKMζ in long-term and remote spatial memory.
abstract: PKMζ is an autonomously active PKC isoform that is thought to maintain both LTP and long-term memory. Whereas persistent increases in PKMζ protein sustain the kinase's action in LTP, the molecular mechanism for the persistent action of PKMζ during long-term memory has not been characterized. PKMζ inhibitors disrupt spatial memory when introduced into the dorsal hippocampus from 1day to 1month after training. Therefore, if the mechanisms of PKMζ's persistent action in LTP maintenance and long-term memory were similar, persistent increases in PKMζ would last for the duration of the memory, far longer than most other learning-induced gene products. Here we find that spatial conditioning by aversive active place avoidance or appetitive radial arm maze induces PKMζ increases in dorsal hippocampus that persist from 1day to 1month, coinciding with the strength and duration of memory retention. Suppressing the increase by intrahippocampal injections of PKMζ-antisense oligodeoxynucleotides prevents the formation of long-term memory. Thus, similar to LTP maintenance, the persistent increase in the amount of autonomously active PKMζ sustains the kinase's action during long-term and remote spatial memory maintenance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
authors.forename: Changchi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
authors.forename: Panayiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tsokas
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
authors.forename: A Iván
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
authors.forename: Dezhi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Cottrell
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Harel Z
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Shouval
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA. Electronic address: afenton@nyu.edu.
authors.forename: André Antonio
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Fenton
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA. Electronic address: tsacktor@downstate.edu.
authors.forename: Todd Charlton
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Sacktor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000502:physiology; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000502:physiology; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism*; D017774:Long-Term Potentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D057567:Memory, Long-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D012153:Retention, Psychology / Q000502:physiology; D065852:Spatial Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D000099221:Protein Kinase C zeta
chemical_list: D011493:Protein Kinase C; D000099221:Protein Kinase C zeta
keywords: LTP; Long-term potentiation; Memory; PKM-zeta; PKMzeta