title: The laboratory comparison of shear bond strength and microscopic assessment of failure modes for a glass-ionomer cement and dentin bonding systems combined with silver nanoparticles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  More than half of the cavity restorations are replaced due to bacterial microleakage. A need for disinfection agents arises. Application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) may be beneficial, yet their impact on the adhesives' shear bond strength to dentin remains unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  The aim was to assess the shear bond strength to dentin of different dental materials combined with AgNPs. Failure modes were also examined using SEM/FIB, SEM/EDS and endodontic microscopes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed no impact of AgNPs addition to dental materials in terms of shear bond strength to dentin. A change of the failure mode of the self-etch bonding system, Clearfil SE Bond, combined with AgNPs was observed. The new failure modes depended upon the order of application of the materials onto dentin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The microscopic evaluation of the samples showed the presence of AgNPs agglomerations gathered on the dentin's surface. AgNPs connection with self-etching dentin bonding system may have a serious clinical impact.
authors.affiliation: Warsaw Medical University, Paediatric Dentistry Department, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Alicja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Porenczuk
authors.affiliation: Zhermapol Sp. z o.o., Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Firlej
authors.affiliation: Instrumental Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.
authors.forename: Grażyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Szczepańska
authors.affiliation: Warsaw Medical University, The Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kolenda
authors.affiliation: Warsaw Medical University, Paediatric Dentistry Department, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Olczak-Kowalczyk
mesh_terms: D001840:Dental Bonding; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004602:Elements; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D033081:Shear Strength; D012834:Silver / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D004602:Elements; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D012834:Silver