title: Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is killed by homologues of 2-(1-undecyloxy)-1-ethanol.
abstract: 2-(1-Undecyloxy)-1-ethanol, monochamol, is a male-produced aggregation pheromone of the Monochamus species, which are efficient vectors of the pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which cause devastating damage to pines worldwide. The nematicidal activity of synthetic monochamol and its homologues (ROEtOH: R = C7-C13) were investigated to find potential alternatives to the currently used PWN control agents abamectin and emamectin. Compounds with C7-C13 chain length alkyl groups exhibited 100% nematicidal activity at a concentration of 1000 mg/L. At a concentration of 100 mg/L, 2-(1-nonyloxy)-1-ethanol (C9OEtOH), 2-(1-decyloxy)-1-ethanol (C10OEtOH), 2-(1-undecyloxy)-1-ethanol (C11OEtOH), and 2-(1-dodecyloxy)-1-ethanol (C12OEtOH) showed 100% nematicidal activity, but the others showed weaker activities. C11OEtOH showed similar nematicidal activity to abamectin in terms of LD90 values, which were 13.30 and 12.53 mg/L, respectively. However, C9OEtOH, C10OEtOH, and C12OEtOH (LC90 values: 53.63, 38.18, and 46.68 mg/L, respectively) were less effective than C11OEtOH and abamectin. These results indicate that monochamol could be an effective alternative agent against PWN. The relationship of insecticidal and nematicidal activity to different carbon chain lengths in compounds is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Junheon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: SM Biovision Co., Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Myeong
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.|Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.|Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+ Program) Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chung Gyoo
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000969:Antinematodal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000469:parasitology*; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004199:Disease Vectors; D017753:Ecosystem; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D004987:Ethers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D007306:Insecticides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D009348:Nematoda / Q000502:physiology*; D010675:Pheromones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D028223:Pinus / Q000469:parasitology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000469:parasitology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: C551855:2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol; D000969:Antinematodal Agents; D004187:Disaccharides; D004987:Ethers; D007306:Insecticides; D010675:Pheromones; D000431:Ethanol; C048324:abamectin; D007559:Ivermectin; C443359:emamectin