title: Therapeutic angiogenesis: angiogenic growth factors for ischemic heart disease.
abstract: Stem cells encode vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), fibroblastic growth factors (FGFs), stem cell factor, stromal cell-derived factor, platelet growth factor and angiopoietin that can contribute to myocardial vascularization. VEGFs and FGFs are the most investigated growth factors. VEGFs regulate angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. FGFs stimulate vessel cell proliferation and differentiation and are regulators of endothelial cell migration, proliferation and survival. Clinical trials of VEGF or FGF for myocardial angiogenesis have produced disparate results. The efficacy of therapeutic angiogenesis can be improved by: (1) identifying the most optimal patients; (2) increased knowledge of angiogenic factor pharmacokinetics and proper dose; (3) prolonging contact of angiogenic factors with the myocardium; (4) increasing the efficiency of VEGF or FGF gene transduction; and (5) utilizing PET or MRI to measure myocardial perfusion and perfusion reserve.
authors.affiliation: The University of South Florida and the James A. Haley Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612 USA.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Henning
mesh_terms: D042501:Angiogenic Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000502:physiology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000628:therapy*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000502:physiology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000502:physiology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D042501:Angiogenic Proteins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors
keywords: angiogenesis; chemokines; cytokines; growth factors; neovascularization; paracrine factors; stem cells; vascular intussusception; vascular sprouting; vasculogenesis