title: Sex differences in asthma and gastroesophageal reflux disease incidence among the World Trade Center Health Program General Responder Cohort.
abstract: Asthma and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are two common conditions among the responders to the WTC attacks. This study examined whether the cumulative incidence rates of asthma and GERD differed by sex among 24,022 and 23,557 WTC responders, respectively.
  
  
  
  Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the sex difference in the rate of onset of physician-diagnosed asthma or GERD, from 9/12/2001 through 12/31/2015.
  
  
  
  The cumulative incidence of asthma reached 23% for women and 17% for men by the end of 2015, and the cumulative incidence of GERD reached 45% for women and 38% for men. Comparing women to men, the hazard ratio was 1.48 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27, 1.74) for asthma, and 1.25 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.38) for GERD.
  
  
  
  WTC general responders have a substantial burden of asthma and GERD, with higher incidence in women. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:815-822, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Jieying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Nikolina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Icitovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Crane
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Dasaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Julia R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Roberto G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Lucchini
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York.
authors.forename: Benjamin J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Luft
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine at Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York.
authors.forename: Jacqueline M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Moline
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Lakshmi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pendem
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Moshe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Robert Wood Johnson Medical Center, Piscataway, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Iris G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Udasin
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Teitelbaum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000071298:Body Remains; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018635:Rescue Work; D047851:September 11 Terrorist Attacks; D012737:Sex Factors
keywords: 9/11; GERD; World Trade Center; asthma