title: Phenotype, cancer risk, and surveillance in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome depending on molecular genetic subgroups.
abstract: Patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) have an increased risk to develop cancer in childhood, especially Wilms tumor and hepatoblastoma. The risk varies depending on the cause of BWS. We obtained clinical and molecular data in our cohort of children with BWS, including tumor occurrences, and correlated phenotype and genotype. We obtained similar data from larger cohorts reported in the literature. Phenotype, genotype and tumor occurrence were available in 229 of our own patients. Minor differences in phenotype existed depending on genotype/epigenotype, similar to earlier studies. By adding patients from the literature, we obtained data on genotype and tumor occurrence of in total 1,971 BWS patients. Tumor risks were highest in the IC1 (H19/IGF2:IG-DMR) hypermethylation subgroup (28%) and pUPD subgroup (16%) and were lower in the KCNQ1OT1:TSS-DMR (IC2) subgroup (2.6%), CDKN1C (6.9%) subgroup, and the group in whom no molecular defect was detectable (6.7%). Wilms tumors (median age 24 months) were frequent in the IC1 (24%) and pUPD (7.9%) subgroups. Hepatoblastoma occurred mostly in the pUPD (3.5%) and IC2 (0.7%) subgroups, never in the IC1 and CDKN1C subgroups, and always before 30 months of age. In the CDKN1C subgroup 2.8% of patients developed neuroblastoma. We conclude tumor risks in BWS differ markedly depending on molecular background. We propose a differentiated surveillance protocol, based on tumor risks in the various molecular subgroups causing BWS. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Saskia M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Maas
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Fleur
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vansenne
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Daniel J M
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kadouch
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.|Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Abdulla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Genetics, DNA-Diagnostics Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bliek
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Saskia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hopman
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Genetics, DNA-Diagnostics Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marcel M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mannens
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johannes H M
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Merks
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Eamonn R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Maher
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Raoul C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hennekam
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001506:Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D018392:Genomic Imprinting; D018197:Hepatoblastoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D010641:Phenotype; D011159:Population Surveillance; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated / Q000235:genetics; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000235:genetics; D012306:Risk; D009396:Wilms Tumor / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C094335:H19 long non-coding RNA; C485621:KCNQ1OT1 long non-coding RNA, human; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II
keywords: Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome; Wilms tumor; genotype-phenotype correlation; hepatoblastoma; neuroblastoma