title: Investigating poultry trade patterns to guide avian influenza surveillance and control: a case study in Vietnam.
abstract: Live bird markets are often the focus of surveillance activities monitoring avian influenza viruses (AIV) circulating in poultry. However, in order to ensure a high sensitivity of virus detection and effectiveness of management actions, poultry management practices features influencing AIV dynamics need to be accounted for in the design of surveillance programmes. In order to address this knowledge gap, a cross-sectional survey was conducted through interviews with 791 traders in 18 Vietnamese live bird markets. Markets greatly differed according to the sources from which poultry was obtained, and their connections to other markets through the movements of their traders. These features, which could be informed based on indicators that are easy to measure, suggest that markets could be used as sentinels for monitoring virus strains circulating in specific segments of the poultry production sector. AIV spread within markets was modelled. Due to the high turn-over of poultry, viral amplification was likely to be minimal in most of the largest markets. However, due to the large number of birds being introduced each day, and challenges related to cleaning and disinfection, environmental accumulation of viruses at markets may take place, posing a threat to the poultry production sector and to public health.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Department of Production and Population Health, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fournié
authors.affiliation: Emergency Center for the Control of Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tripodi
authors.affiliation: Emergency Center for the Control of Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Thi Thanh Thuy
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Livestock Production, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Van Trong
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Livestock Production, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Trong Tung
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.affiliation: Emergency Center for the Control of Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bisson
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Department of Production and Population Health, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Dirk U
authors.initials: DU
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.affiliation: Emergency Center for the Control of Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Scott H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Newman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000821:virology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005843:Geography; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype; D009980:Influenza A virus; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011200:Poultry / Q000821:virology*; D011336:Probability; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology