title: Integrator complex and transcription regulation: Recent findings and pathophysiology.
abstract: In the last decade, a novel molecular complex has been added to the RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription machinery as one of the major components. This multiprotein complex, named Integrator, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of most RNA Polymerase II-dependent genes. This complex consists of at least 14 different subunits. However, studies investigating its structure and composition are still lacking. Although it was originally discovered as a complex implicated in the 3'-end formation of noncoding small nuclear RNAs, recent studies indicate additional roles for Integrator in transcription regulation, for example during transcription pause-release and elongation of polymerase, in the biogenesis of transcripts derived from enhancers, as well as in DNA and RNA metabolism for some of its components. Noteworthy, several subunits have been emerging to play roles during development and differentiation; more importantly, their alterations are likely to be involved in several human pathologies, including cancer and lung diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rienzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: amelia.casamassimi@unina2.it.
authors.forename: Amelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casamassimi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D058727:RNA, Small Untranslated / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D021122:Protein Subunits; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D058727:RNA, Small Untranslated; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases
keywords: DNA and RNA metabolism; Development and differentiation; Human diseases; Integrator complex; Transcription regulation