title: The Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Mechanisms of Eupafolin in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses in RAW264.7 Macrophages.
abstract: Eupafolin is a flavone isolated from Artemisia princeps Pampanini (family Asteraceae). The aim of this study was to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of eupafolin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 macrophages and LPS-induced mouse skin and lung inflammation models and to identify the mechanism underlying these effects. Eupafolin decreased the LPS-induced release of inflammatory mediators (iNOS, COX-2 and NO) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) from the RAW264.7 macrophages. Eupafolin inhibited the LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, JNK, AKT and p65 and the nuclear translocation of p65 and c-fos. These effects were mainly mediated by the inhibition of JNK. In the mouse paw and lung models, eupafolin effectively suppressed the LPS-induced edema formation and down-regulated iNOS and COX-2 expression. These results demonstrated that eupafolin exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and suggested that eupafolin can be developed as an anti-inflammatory agent.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chin-Chaun
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Wei
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Center for Lipid and Glycomedicine Research (CLGR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|Center for Lipid Biosciences (CLB), Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chan-Jung
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shu-Huei
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D047309:Flavones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D047309:Flavones; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C503624:eupafolin