title: Higher Facebook use predicts greater body image dissatisfaction during pregnancy: The role of self-comparison.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  poor body image during pregnancy is a growing issue. Similarly, emerging evidence is suggesting that social media use may increase the risk of poor well-being e.g. depression, anxiety and body image concerns amongst users. Research has not examined how social media use may influence women during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to therefore to explore the relationship between body image during pregnancy and Facebook use.
  
  
  METHODS
  a cross sectional self-report questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  two hundred and sixty nine pregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  community groups and online forums.
  
  
  METHODS
  a self-report questionnaire exploring maternal body image, use of Facebook and how mothers perceived Facebook affected their body image. Descriptive statistics were used to explore body image perceptions. Partial correlations (controlling for maternal age, education, parity and gestation) were used to explore the association between Facebook use and body image during pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  negative body image was common in the sample, increased with gestation and was unrelated to pre pregnancy weight. Mothers with a Facebook account had higher body image concerns than those without a Facebook account. Of those with an account, increased Facebook use was associated with increased body image dissatisfaction, particularly in terms of postnatal concerns for how their body would look with 56.5% reporting that they frequently compared their pregnant body to other pregnant women on the site. Facebook access was frequent with 85% of participants checking it at least once per day and the average participant spending over an hour per day on the site.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  although causality cannot be fully explained, Facebook use may increase mother's risk of poor body image dissatisfaction during pregnancy. Mothers with already poor body image may also be drawn to the site in order to make comparisons of their appearance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the potential impact of Facebook on increasing the risk of, or promoting existing poor body image is an important message for those working to support mothers during pregnancy and the postnatal period. Care should be taken when directing mothers to use the site.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Policy and Social Sciences, Swansea University, United kingdom.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Policy and Social Sciences, Swansea University, United kingdom. Electronic address: a.e.brown@swansea.ac.uk.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D001828:Body Image / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012649:Self Concept; D057566:Self Report; D061108:Social Media / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Body image; Facebook; Maternal; Postnatal; Pregnancy; Social Media