title: Resistance Status to the Insecticides Temephos, Deltamethrin, and Diflubenzuron in Brazilian Aedes aegypti Populations.
abstract: Insecticides are still largely applied in public health to control disease vectors. In Brazil, organophosphates (OP) and pyrethroids (PY) are used against Aedes aegypti for years. Since 2009 Insect Growth Regulators (IGR) are also employed in the control of larvae. We quantified resistance to temephos (OP), deltamethrin (PY), and diflubenzuron (IGR) of A. aegypti samples from 12 municipalities distributed throughout the country, collected between 2010 and 2012. High levels of resistance to neurotoxic insecticides were detected in almost all populations: RR95 to temephos varied between 4.0 and 27.1; the lowest RR95 to deltamethrin was 13.1, and values higher than 70.0 were found. In contrast, all samples were susceptible to diflubenzuron (RR95 < 2.3). Biochemical tests performed with larvae and adults discarded the participation of acetylcholinesterase, the OP target, and confirmed involvement of the detoxifying enzymes esterases, mixed function oxidases, and glutathione-S-transferases. The results obtained were discussed taking into account the public chemical control component and the increase in the domestic use of insecticides during dengue epidemic seasons in the evaluated municipalities.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Diogo Fernandes
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6768-0085
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Bellinato
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Priscila Fernandes
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Viana-Medeiros
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Gerência de Controle de Zoonoses, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Simone Costa
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ademir J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Bento Pereira
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4148-274X
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Valle
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000330:Aedes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D004132:Diflubenzuron / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004199:Disease Vectors; D005260:Female; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D011634:Public Health; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000002:Temefos / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017180:decamethrin; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D004132:Diflubenzuron; D000002:Temefos