title: Paravertebral block for surgical anesthesia of percutaneous nephrolithotomy: Care-compliant 3 case reports.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Paravertebral block is often used to provide postoperative analgesia after renal surgery. In this case-series report, we present our experience with 3 patients in whom percutaneous nephrolithotomy was performed successfully under ultrasound-guided 3-segment lumbar-thoracic paravertebral block.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients were scheduled for percutaneous nephrolithotomy. All 3 patients were high-risk cases for both general and neuraxial anesthesia. After due deliberation and with the consent of patient and his family, ultrasound-guided paravertebral block was performed. Seven to 10 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine was injected at T10/T11, T11/T12, and T12/L1 paravertebral place, respectively. Sensory loss to pinprick from T8 to L2 was achieved in all 3 patients 20 min after administration of block. Surgical procedures for all 3 patients were successful, and none of the patients complained of pain during the operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasound-guided multilevel paravertebral block may be an attractive option for anesthetic management of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xingxing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Shaogang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jihong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ailin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Yuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mei
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077212:Ropivacaine