title: Association of decreased serum vasostatin-2 level with ischemic chronic heart failure and with MACE in 3-year follow-up: Vasostatin-2 prevents heart failure in myocardial infarction rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated whether serum vasostatin-2 level is related to chronic heart failure (CHF) in patients with previous myocardial infarction (MI) and MACE in 3-year follow-up. The biological effect of vasostatin-2 on ischemic HF was evaluated in animal experiments.
  
  
  METHODS
  After exclusion of the subjects not eligible, this study included 450 patients with CHF and previous MI, and 149 healthy controls. Serum vasostatin-2 level was analyzed. CHF patients were followed up for three years and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were recorded, defined as reinfarction, target-vessel revascularization, cardiovascular death and refractory HF requiring hospitalizations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Notably, serum vasostatin-2 level was decreased in CHF patients than in controls, and significant difference was observed between CHF patients with MACE and those without (both P<0.05). Vasostatin-2 level was correlated with HF stages (Spearman's r=-0.288, P<0.05), LVEF (r=0.377, P<0.05) and pro-BNP level (r=-0.294, P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis suggested that vasostatin-2, conventional risk factors, severity of HF stages and LVEF were independently associated with MACE in CHF patients. Vasostatin-2 (100μg) or PBS was injected intraperitoneally every other day in MI rats, follow by echocardiography, hemodynamic analysis after 2months. Compared with PBS, vasostatin-2 treatment prevented ischemic HF in MI rats, accompanied with reduction of infarct size, remodeling, fibrosis and inflammation, mainly through inhibition of Rho, Wnt and TLR-4 pathways and modulation of renin-angiotensin system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decreased serum vasostatin-2 level is associated with ischemic CHF and with MACE in three-year follow-up. Intraperitoneal injection of vasostatin-2 protects against ischemic HF in MI rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wen Qi
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu Hu
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yue Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Feng Hua
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao Xiang
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhu Hui
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao Qun
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Rui Yan
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei Feng
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Feng Ru
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: rjlulin1965@163.com.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D053379:Chromogranin A / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D065840:Protective Factors; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D053379:Chromogranin A; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C102106:vasostatin II
keywords: Ischemic heart failure; MACE; Vasostatin-2