title: Feature-specific ski injuries in snow parks.
abstract: Previous research suggests that snow park (SP) injuries are proportionally more frequent and more likely to be more severe than those sustained on traditional slopes. The aim of this study was to calculate skiers' overall and feature-specific injury rates and determine potential risk factors for severe injury in an SP. This is a retrospective study conducted during the 2013/2014 winter season in the SP of a major winter resort located in the Spanish Pyrenees. Cases were skiers who suffered feature-related injuries in the SP. Denominator data consisted of the estimated total number of skier runs and the estimated total number of times each feature was used by a skier. Injury rates were calculated and logistic regression used to determine the feature-specific odds of injury. A total of 113 cases met the inclusion criteria. The overall injury rate was of 0.9 per 1000 skier runs. Rates of injury were highest for Big jumps (2.9/1000 uses) and lowest for Rainbow boxes (0.1/1000 uses). Compared with Boxes, there were increased odds of severe injury versus minor injury for C-rails (OR 9.1; 95% CI 0.6-13.18), Half-pipe (OR 4.5; 95% CI 0.3-6.27) and Big jumps (OR 3.0; 95% CI 0.3-3.53). Higher feature-specific ski injury rates and increased odds of injury were associated with features that require a very clean technique or promote aerial maneuvers and result in a larger drop to the ground.
authors.affiliation: University of Zaragoza, Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Health and Sports, Spain. Electronic address: carus@unizar.es.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carús
authors.affiliation: University of Zaragoza, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Business, Spain. Electronic address: mescori@unizar.es.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Escorihuela
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004779:Environment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D000068316:Parks, Recreational / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012865:Skiing / Q000293:injuries*; D012914:Snow; D013030:Spain; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Feature; Risk factor; Skiing; Snow park