title: Principles of Blood Pressure Measurement - Current Techniques, Office vs Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement.
abstract: Blood pressure measurement has a long history and a crucial role in clinical medicine. Manual measurement using a mercury sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope remains the Gold Standard. However, this technique is technically demanding and commonly leads to faulty values. Automatic devices have helped to improve and simplify the technical aspects, but a standardised procedure of obtaining comparable measurements remains problematic and may therefore limit their validity in clinical practice. This underlines the importance of less error-prone measurement methods such as ambulatory or home blood pressure measurements and automated office blood pressure measurements. These techniques may help to uncover patients with otherwise unrecognised or overestimated arterial hypertension. Additionally these techniques may yield a better prognostic value.
authors.affiliation: Medical Outpatient and Hypertension Clinic, ESH Hypertension Centre of Excellence, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Annina.Vischer@usb.ch.|Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Annina.Vischer@usb.ch.
authors.forename: Annina S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Vischer
authors.affiliation: Medical Outpatient and Hypertension Clinic, ESH Hypertension Centre of Excellence, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.|Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Thilo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Burkard
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015588:Observer Variation; D009819:Office Visits; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019722:Sphygmomanometers; D019023:Stethoscopes
keywords: Ambulatory blood pressure measurement; Arterial hypertension; Arterial pressure waveform; Blood pressure devices; Blood pressure measurement; Home blood pressure; Office blood pressure; Pulse-transit time measurement