title: The evolution of water extractable organic matter and its association with microbial community dynamics during municipal solid waste composting.
abstract: The humification of water extractable organic matter (WEOM) by microorganisms is widely used for assessing compost maturity and quality. However, the effect of bacterial and fungal community dynamics on humification of WEOM was not yet explored fully. Here, we used canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) to investigate the link between bacterial and fungal community dynamics and humification process of WEOM, respectively. Results showed that water-soluble carbon (WSC), humification degree, molecule weight and abundance of aromatic carbon were significantly related to bacterial community (p<0.05), while the protein-like materials were statistically influenced by fungal community (p<0.05). Both bacterial and fungal communities significantly affected the abundance of oxygen-containing functional groups and humic-like materials (p<0.05). These humification parameters were most likely to be influenced by some of bacterial and fungal species at different composting stages. Lactobacillus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Galactomyces geotrichum can enhance the degradation of WSC and protein-like materials at the early composting. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes could promote the increase of aromatic carbon, oxygen-containing functional groups, humification degree and molecular weight of WEOM during the initial fermentation stage. Cladosporium herbarum and Chaetomium globosum could be the dominant controllers at the second fermentation for acceleratingthe formation of oxygen-containing functional groups and humic-like materials of WEOM, respectively. Our results suggested that regulation for the dynamics of these special bacterial and fungal species at different composting stages might be a potential way to accelerate humification of municipal solid waste composting.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; Innovation Base of Groundwater & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Beijing, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xinyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; Innovation Base of Groundwater & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Beijing, China. Electronic address: hexs82@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiaosong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; Innovation Base of Groundwater & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Beidou
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; Innovation Base of Groundwater & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Rutai
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; Innovation Base of Groundwater & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wenbing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; Innovation Base of Groundwater & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; Innovation Base of Groundwater & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D005658:Fungi / Q000378:metabolism*; D006812:Humic Substances / Q000032:analysis*; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D012987:Soil; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D006812:Humic Substances; D012987:Soil; D062611:Solid Waste
keywords: Bacterial community; Fungal community; Humification parameters; Water-extractable organic matter (WEOM)