title: Development of a comprehensive analytical method for furanocoumarins in grapefruit and their metabolites in plasma and urine using UPLC-MS/MS: a preliminary study.
abstract: To develop a comprehensive analytical method for photoactive furanocoumarins, grapefruit (whole, flesh, peel and juice) was extracted using QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method. Seven furanocoumarins: bergaptol, psoralen, 8-methoxypsoralen, bergapten, 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin (6',7'-DHB), epoxybergamottin and bergamottin were determined in grapefruit using UPLC-MS/MS. The concentrations of furanocoumarins in the plasma and urine of six healthy young adults before and after ingestion of grapefruit or grapefruit juice were also determined. Recovery rates of furanocoumarins by QuEChERS method from matrix spike sample and laboratory calibrate sample were 125.7 ± 25.4% and 105.7 ± 6.3%, respectively. Bergamottin and 6',7'-DHB were predominant compounds in grapefruit flesh, juice and plasma, while bergaptol and 6',7'-DHB were major compounds detected in the urine. The results demonstrated that bergamottin and 6',7'-DHB were metabolized to bergaptol. Overall, the analytical methods developed in the present study can be applied to the analysis of various furanocoumarins in plant sources and biological samples.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nutritional Sciences , University of Connecticut , Storrs , CT , USA ;
authors.forename: Sang Gil
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nutritional Sciences , University of Connecticut , Storrs , CT , USA ;
authors.forename: Kijoon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nutritional Sciences , University of Connecticut , Storrs , CT , USA ;
authors.forename: Terrence M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Vance
authors.affiliation: b Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering , University of Connecticut Storrs , CT , USA ;
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.affiliation: b Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering , University of Connecticut Storrs , CT , USA ;
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Provatas
authors.affiliation: c Department of Dermatology , The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA ;|d Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA ;
authors.forename: Shaowei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: c Department of Dermatology , The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA ;|e Department of Epidemiology , Brown University School of Public Health , Providence , RI , USA ;|f Channing Division of Network Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.
authors.forename: Abrar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.affiliation: c Department of Dermatology , The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA ;|e Department of Epidemiology , Brown University School of Public Health , Providence , RI , USA ;|f Channing Division of Network Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.
authors.forename: Eunyoung
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nutritional Sciences , University of Connecticut , Storrs , CT , USA ;
authors.forename: Ock K
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Chun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001682:Biological Availability; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D032083:Citrus paradisi / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices / Q000032:analysis; D011564:Furocoumarins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D011564:Furocoumarins
keywords: Furanocoumarin; QuEChERS method; UPLC-MS/MS; grapefruit; plasma; urine