title: The SOS-framework (Systems of Sedentary behaviours): an international transdisciplinary consensus framework for the study of determinants, research priorities and policy on sedentary behaviour across the life course: a DEDIPAC-study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ecological models are currently the most used approaches to classify and conceptualise determinants of sedentary behaviour, but these approaches are limited in their ability to capture the complexity of and interplay between determinants. The aim of the project described here was to develop a transdisciplinary dynamic framework, grounded in a system-based approach, for research on determinants of sedentary behaviour across the life span and intervention and policy planning and evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive concept mapping approach was used to develop the Systems Of Sedentary behaviours (SOS) framework, involving four main phases: (1) preparation, (2) generation of statements, (3) structuring (sorting and ranking), and (4) analysis and interpretation. The first two phases were undertaken between December 2013 and February 2015 by the DEDIPAC KH team (DEterminants of DIet and Physical Activity Knowledge Hub). The last two phases were completed during a two-day consensus meeting in June 2015.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the first phase, 550 factors regarding sedentary behaviour were listed across three age groups (i.e., youths, adults and older adults), which were reduced to a final list of 190 life course factors in phase 2 used during the consensus meeting. In total, 69 international delegates, seven invited experts and one concept mapping consultant attended the consensus meeting. The final framework obtained during that meeting consisted of six clusters of determinants: Physical Health and Wellbeing (71% consensus), Social and Cultural Context (59% consensus), Built and Natural Environment (65% consensus), Psychology and Behaviour (80% consensus), Politics and Economics (78% consensus), and Institutional and Home Settings (78% consensus). Conducting studies on Institutional Settings was ranked as the first research priority. The view that this framework captures a system-based map of determinants of sedentary behaviour was expressed by 89% of the participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Through an international transdisciplinary consensus process, the SOS framework was developed for the determinants of sedentary behaviour through the life course. Investigating the influence of Institutional and Home Settings was deemed to be the most important area of research to focus on at present and potentially the most modifiable. The SOS framework can be used as an important tool to prioritise future research and to develop policies to reduce sedentary time.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Applied Health Research, School of Health and Life Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, UK. Sebastien.Chastin@gcu.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Sebastien F M
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Chastin
authors.affiliation: Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Marieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Craemer
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Nanna
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lien
authors.affiliation: TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bernaards
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology- BIPS, Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buck
authors.affiliation: Department of nutrition, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), Pitie-Salpêtrière hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Oppert
authors.affiliation: CARMEN, Inserm U1060, Université de Lyon 1, Inra U1235, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Julie-Anne
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nazare
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health & Care Research, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lakerveld
authors.affiliation: Centre for Preventive Medicine, School of Health & Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Grainne
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: O'Donoghue
authors.affiliation: Public Health Section, School of Health and Related Research-ScHARR, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holdsworth
authors.affiliation: Baker IDI, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Neville
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health & Care Research, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brug
authors.affiliation: Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Greet
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cardon
mesh_terms: D032921:Consensus; D004032:Diet; D004777:Environment; D015444:Exercise; D015438:Health Behavior; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D012106:Research; D057185:Sedentary Behavior
keywords: Adults; Ageing; Concept mapping; Determinants; Environment; Europe; Life-course; Older adults; Policy; Public health; Sedentary behaviour; Sitting; System-based approach; Youth