title: Exosomes from the tumor microenvironment as reciprocal regulators that enhance prostate cancer progression.
abstract: Distant organ metastasis of prostate cancer is a puzzle, and various theories have successively arisen to explain the mechanism of lethal cancer progression. While perhaps agreeable to many cancer biologists, the very statement of "seed and soil" proposed by Stephan Paget in 1881 is arguably still the major statement for organ-specific cancer metastasis. Since recent studies showed important correlations of regulation of cancer cells and the microenvironment, exosomes from cancer and stromal cells seem to create another important niche for metastasis. Stromal cells pretreated with exosomes from metastatic cancer cells increase the potential of change stromal cells. The poorly metastatic cancer cells could also enhance malignancy through transfer of proteins, microribonucleic acid and messenger ribonucleic acid to recipient cancer cells. Herein, we reviewed extracellular exosomes as a factor involved in cross-talk between stromal and prostate cancer epithelial cells.
authors.affiliation: The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan.|The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Che-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Ning
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Chieh
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shigemura
authors.affiliation: The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shian-Ying
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D018450:Disease Progression; D055354:Exosomes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment
keywords: exosome; microvesicle; prostate cancer; tumor microenvironment