title: Different expression of chemokines in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis bone marrow.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease leading to joint destruction. In addition to involvement of the joints, there is growing evidence that inflammatory/autoimmune processes take place in bone marrow, beginning the disease onset. Activated T and B cells accumulate in bone marrow, where also effective antigen presentation takes place. An increased number of activated T cells was observed in RA in comparison to osteoarthritis (OA) bone marrow. In the present study we analyzed the levels of chemokines that may be responsible for accumulation/retention of T-cells in the bone marrow of RA and OA patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bone marrow samples were obtained from RA and OA patients during total hip replacement surgery, and bone marrow plasma was obtained by gradient centrifugation. Levels of the chemokines CX3CL1, CCL5, CCL2, CXCL12 and CXCL1 were measured in bone marrow plasma by specific ELISAs. Comparison between the groups of patients and statistical significance were analyzed by the two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased levels of CX3CL1 (818 ±431 pg/ml vs. 502 ±131 pg/ml, p < 0.0007) and CCL5 (5967 ±1680 pg/ml vs. 4878 ±2360 pg/ml, p < 0.05) respectively in bone marrow plasma from RA in comparison with OA patients were observed. In contrast, similar levels of CCL2, CXCL12 and CXCL1 in RA and OA bone marrow suggest that these cytokines do not play a significant role in the observed T cell accumulation in RA bone marrow.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CX3CL1 and CCL5 overproduced in RA bone marrow may contribute to the accumulation of T cells observed in RA bone marrow.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Kuca-Warnawin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Weronika J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kurowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Radzikowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Massalska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Burakowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kontny
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumoorthopaedics, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Słowińska
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumoorthopaedics, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurooorthopaedics and Neurology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gasik
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Włodzimierz
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maśliński
keywords: T lymphocytes; bone marrow; chemokines; rheumatoid arthritis