title: Sleeve gastrectomy leads to weight loss in the Magel2 knockout mouse.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder characterized by hyperphagia, obesity, cardiopulmonary diseases, and increased mortality. Although successful weight loss improves health in PWS, few treatments cause sustained weight loss in obese patients let alone obese individuals with PWS.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study uses the Magel2 knockout (KO) mouse, an animal model of PWS, to conduct a preclinical study on the efficacy of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) in PWS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic research laboratory, United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed sham or SG surgeries in 24- to 28-week-old male Magel2 KO and wild-type littermate control mice (WT) who had been maintained on a high-fat diet for 10 weeks. We monitored weight, food intake, and fat and lean mass pre- and postoperatively. Fasting glucose, glucose tolerance, and counter-regulation were measured postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Magel2 KO animals had similar recovery and mortality rates compared with WT. SG resulted in similar weight loss, specifically loss of fat but not lean mass, in both Magel2 KO and WT mice. SG also resulted in significantly lower fasting glucose levels and a reduction in fat intake in both Magel2 KO and WT mice. We also found that Magel2 KO mice failed to increase their food intake in response to the glucoprivic agent 2-deoxy-D-glucose, suggesting impaired glucose counter-regulation, but this occurred regardless of surgical status. All results were considered significant when P< .05.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We find in this mouse model of PWS, SG is a well-tolerated, effective strategy for weight and fat loss.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Deanna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Arble
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Joshua W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Pressler
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sorrell
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wevrick
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Electronic address: darleens@med.umich.edu.
authors.forename: Darleen A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Sandoval
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000502:physiology; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008820:Mice, Obese / Q000601:surgery; D011218:Prader-Willi Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery*; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin
keywords: Bariatric surgery; Glucose regulation; Obesity; Sleeve gastrectomy