title: Functional Connectivity Analysis of NIRS Data under Rubber Hand Illusion to Find a Biomarker of Sense of Ownership.
abstract: The self-identification, which is called sense of ownership, has been researched through methodology of rubber hand illusion (RHI) because of its simple setup. Although studies with neuroimaging technique, such as fMRI, revealed that several brain areas are associated with the sense of ownership, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has not yet been utilized. Here we introduced an automated setup to induce RHI, measured the brain activity during the RHI with NIRS, and analyzed the functional connectivity so as to understand dynamical brain relationship regarding the sense of ownership. The connectivity was evaluated by multivariate Granger causality. In this experiment, the peaks of oxy-Hb on right frontal and right motor related areas during the illusion were significantly higher compared with those during the nonillusion. Furthermore, by analyzing the NIRS recordings, we found a reliable connectivity from the frontal to the motor related areas during the illusion. This finding suggests that frontal cortex and motor related areas communicate with each other when the sense of ownership is induced. The result suggests that the sense of ownership is related to neural mechanism underlying human motor control, and it would be determining whether motor learning (i.e., neural plasticity) will occur. Thus RHI with the functional connectivity analysis will become an appropriate biomarker for neurorehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arizono
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Rehabilitation Sciences at Odawara, International University of Health and Welfare, 1-2-25 Shiroyama, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa 250-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7196-1341
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohmura
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7094-5996
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8200-9276
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001828:Body Image; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007088:Illusions / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010067:Ownership; D012408:Rubber; D012677:Sensation / Q000502:physiology*; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012408:Rubber