title: Nanogenerators consisting of direct-grown piezoelectrics on multi-walled carbon nanotubes using flexoelectric effects.
abstract: We report the first attempt to prepare a flexoelectric nanogenerator consisting of direct-grown piezoelectrics on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (mwCNT). Direct-grown piezoelectrics on mwCNTs are formed by a stirring and heating method using a Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT)-mwCNT precursor solution. We studied the unit cell mismatch and strain distribution of epitaxial PZT nanoparticles, and found that lattice strain is relaxed along the growth direction. A PZT-mwCNT nanogenerator was found to produce a peak output voltage of 8.6 V and an output current of 47 nA when a force of 20 N is applied. Direct-grown piezoelectric nanogenerators generate a higher voltage and current than simple mixtures of PZT and CNTs resulting from the stronger connection between PZT crystals and mwCNTs and an enhanced flexoelectric effect caused by the strain gradient. These experiments represent a significant step toward the application of nanogenerators using piezoelectric nanocomposite materials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.|Thin Film Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Kyu
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
authors.forename: Do Hyun
authors.initials: do H
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.|Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
authors.forename: Sam Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.|Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
authors.forename: Sin Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
authors.forename: Sun A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.|Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Don
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Bu
authors.affiliation: Thin Film Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Myung
authors.affiliation: Thin Film Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Korea.
authors.forename: Jongsun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
authors.forename: Moonkang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
authors.forename: Minbaek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Materials Development Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Korea.
authors.forename: Min Ku
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lee