title: Distinct intrathecal interleukin-17/interleukin-6 activation in anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis.
abstract: The aim of this study was to compare serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine/chemokine levels between anti-NMDAR and anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients. Samples from fourteen anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients, ten anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients, and ten controls were analyzed for the following cytokines/chemokines: IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-23, GM-CSF, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and CXCL13. Compared with controls, CSF IL-17A, IL-6 and CXCL13 were elevated in anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients (post-hoc p-values 0.002, 0.011, and 0.011, respectively) but not in anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients. In the serum, only IL-2 was increased in anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Intrathecal IL-17/IL-6 activation is a characteristic of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Ick
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Soon-Tae
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jangsup
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Keun-Hwa
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jun-Sang
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sunwoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Ah
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Joon
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Won
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Keon-Joo
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Sun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Han Sang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Woo-Jin
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Sook
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Soyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Advanced Neural Technologies, Co., Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Daejong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospita Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Il
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Young
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Manho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: stemcell.snu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: sangkun2923@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sang Kun
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D060426:Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D016207:Cytokines; D006023:Glycoproteins; D020381:Interleukin-17; D015850:Interleukin-6
keywords: Autoimmune encephalitis; CXCL13; Cytokine; IL-17A; IL-6; LGI1; NMDAR