title: Simultaneous determination of nicotine, cotinine, and nicotine N-oxide in human plasma, semen, and sperm by LC-Orbitrap MS.
abstract: Nicotine (Nic) distribution in human fluids and tissues has a deleterious effect on human health. In addition to its poisoning profile, Nic may contribute to the particular impact of smoking on human reproduction. Although present in seminal fluid, still nobody knows whether nicotine is available in sperm or not. Herein, we developed and validated a new bioanalytical method, for simultaneous determination of Nic, cotinine (Cot), and nicotine N'-oxide (Nox) in human plasma, semen, and sperm by LC-ESI-orbitrap-MS. Blood and semen samples were collected from 12 healthy smoking volunteers in this study. Sperm bodies were then separated quantitatively from 1 mL of semen samples by centrifugation. The developed method was fully validated for plasma following European and American guidelines for bioanalytical method validation, and partial validation was applied to semen analysis. Plasma, semen, and sperm samples were treated by trichloroacetic acid solution for protein direct precipitation in single extraction step. The established calibration range for Nic and Nox in plasma and semen was linear between 5 and 250 ng/mL, and for Cot between 10 and 500 ng/mL. Nic and Cot were detected in human sperm at concentrations as high as in plasma. In addition, Nox was present in semen and sperm but not in plasma. Graphical abstract Nicotine correlation between plasma and semen a; Nicotine correlation between semen and sperm c; Cotinine correlation between plasma and semen b; Cotinine correlation between semen and sperm d.
authors.affiliation: Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.|Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Petra, 11196, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abu-Awwad
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Petra, 11196, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Tawfiq
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arafat
authors.affiliation: Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany. oliver.schmitz@uni-due.de.
authors.forename: Oliver J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Schmitz
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D003367:Cotinine / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D012661:Semen / Q000737:chemistry*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000737:chemistry*; D000073869:Tobacco Smoking / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; C024270:nicotine 1-N-oxide; D009538:Nicotine; D003367:Cotinine
keywords: Blood; Cotinine; Nicotine; Semen; Sperm