title: Children's Play Environment after a Disaster: The Great East Japan Earthquake.
abstract: The Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011, together with the subsequent tsunami and nuclear power station accident, damaged a wide area of land. Children who experienced these terrible disasters and the post-disaster situation are still suffering in mental, physical and social ways. Children's play is an activity that they undertake naturally and which can help them recover from such disasters. This paper addresses the role of play, adventure playgrounds and other play interventions, including play buses, for the health triangle, which addresses mental, physical and social issues of children after the disasters. These interventions were shown to be effective because children could express their stress. This included play for their mental health, different body movements for their physical health and communication with playworkers and new friends for restructuring their social health. These three aspects relate to and support each other within the health triangle. An increase in childhood obesity and lack of exercise is an additional health issue in Fukushima. For a balanced recovery within the health triangle, more play environments should be provided and some improved. A child's right to play should be implemented in the recovery stage after a disaster.
authors.affiliation: Department of Landscape Architecture, Chiba University, Matsudo 271-8510, Japan. isamikinoshita@faculty.chiba-u.jp.
authors.forename: Isami
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.affiliation: Department of Landscape, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK. h.woolley@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Woolley
keywords: adventure playground; disaster; health triangle; play; post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); radiation; safety