title: High-throughput proteome dynamics for discovery of key proteins in sentinel species: Unsuspected vitellogenins diversity in the crustacean Gammarus fossarum.
abstract: In environmental science, omics-based approaches are widely used for the identification of gene products related to stress response. However, when dealing with non-model species, functional prediction of genes is challenging. Indeed, functional predictions are often obtained by sequence similarity searches and functional data from phylogenetically distant organisms, which can lead to inaccurate predictions due to quite different evolutionary scenarios. In oviparous females, vitellogenin production is vital for embryonic development, ensuring population viability. Its abnormal presence in fish male organisms is commonly employed as a biomarker of exposure to xenoestrogens, named endocrine disruptors. Here, in the freshwater amphipod Gammarus fossarum, we identified vitellogenin proteins by means of a proteome temporal dynamics analysis during oogenesis and embryogenesis. This exhaustive approach allows several functional molecular hypotheses in the oogenesis process to be drawn. Moreover, we revealed an unsuspected diversity of molecular players involved in yolk formation as eight proteins originating from different families of the large lipid transfer protein superfamily were identified as "true vitellogenins".
  
  
  
  In non-model species, next generation sequencing technologies development enables quickly deciphering gene and protein sequences but accuracy of associated functional prediction remains to be established. Here, in the crustacean Gammarus fossarum, a key sentinel species in freshwater biomonitoring, we identified key molecular players involved in the female reproduction by studying the proteome dynamics of ovaries and embryos. An unsuspected diversity of vitellogenin proteins was evidenced. These proteins being vital for offspring development, their high diversity may be advantageous for the organism's reproduction. Phylogenetic analysis showed that some forms are true vitellogenin orthologs while others are included in the apolipoprotein family, a paralogous group from the vitellogenin family. Among crustaceans, Gammarus fossarum is the first documented case where diverse protein families are involved in the yolk formation process.
authors.affiliation: Irstea, Unité de Recherche MALY, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, CS70077, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France; CEA-Marcoule, DRF/IBITEC-S/SPI/Li2D, Laboratory "Innovative Technologies for Detection and Diagnostics", BP 17171, F-30200 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France. Electronic address: judith.trapp@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trapp
authors.affiliation: CEA-Marcoule, DRF/IBITEC-S/SPI/Li2D, Laboratory "Innovative Technologies for Detection and Diagnostics", BP 17171, F-30200 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France. Electronic address: jean.armengaud@cea.fr.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Armengaud
authors.affiliation: CEA-Marcoule, DRF/IBITEC-S/SPI/Li2D, Laboratory "Innovative Technologies for Detection and Diagnostics", BP 17171, F-30200 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France. Electronic address: jean-charles.gaillard@cea.fr.
authors.forename: Jean-Charles
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gaillard
authors.affiliation: CEA-Marcoule, DRF/IBITEC-S/SPI/Li2D, Laboratory "Innovative Technologies for Detection and Diagnostics", BP 17171, F-30200 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France. Electronic address: olivier.pible@cea.fr.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pible
authors.affiliation: Irstea, Unité de Recherche MALY, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, CS70077, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France. Electronic address: arnaud.chaumot@irstea.fr.
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaumot
authors.affiliation: Irstea, Unité de Recherche MALY, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, CS70077, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France. Electronic address: olivier.geffard@irstea.fr.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Geffard
mesh_terms: D033304:Amphipoda / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D004527:Egg Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000737:chemistry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D010053:Ovary / Q000737:chemistry; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D000072739:Sentinel Species / Q000502:physiology*; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004527:Egg Proteins; D014819:Vitellogenins
keywords: Crustacean; Functional prediction; Non-model organism; Proteogenomics; Reproduction; Vitellogenin