title: Serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor levels are associated with infarct volumes and long-term outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have shown that macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) plays a significant role in stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the serum MIF level with both infarct volume and long-term outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 146 patients who were identified within 24 h of first experiencing AIS symptoms. Serum MIF levels were tested at the time of admission and three months later. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk and long-term outcome of stroke according to serum MIF level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum MIF levels were only higher in acute-stage AIS patients compared with those of the normal controls (p < 0.0001). Chronic-stage serum MIF levels were significantly lower than acute-stage serum MIF levels (p < 0.001) and were similar to serum MIF levels in the controls (p = 0.392). The serum MIF level was positively associated with infarct volume (r = 0.5515, p < 0.0001) and NIHSS score (r = 0.5190, p < 0.0001). After adjusting for other significant outcome predictors, the serum MIF level was an independent predictor of long-term outcome, with an adjusted OR of 1.113 (p = 0.005, 95% CI: 1.051-1.238).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that serum MIF levels were significantly increased after AIS. Serum MIF levels at admission were positively correlated with infarct volume and long-term outcome in patients with AIS. The serum MIF level could serve as a useful prognostic marker in patients with AIS.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan-Shuang
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuan-Yuan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000209:etiology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000097:blood*; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D053419:Lipoproteins, IDL / Q000097:blood; D016015:Logistic Models; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000097:blood*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D053419:Lipoproteins, IDL; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D014280:Triglycerides; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C515598:MIF protein, human
keywords: acute ischemic stroke; infarct volume; macrophage migration inhibition factor; prognosis