title: Using propensity score matching to construct experimental stimuli.
abstract: Propensity score matching is widely used in various fields of research, including psychology, medicine, education, and sociology. It is usually applied to find a matched control group for a treatment group. In the present article, we suggest that propensity score matching might also be used to construct item sets matched for different parameters. We constructed stimuli to illustrate the use of propensity score matching in item construction for the exemplary cases of numerical cognition research and reading research. In particular, we provide a step-by-step approach, using the statistics software R, for how to apply propensity score matching for constructing matched stimuli. This approach involves deciding on a population of stimuli, determining and calculating the covariates, and finally applying the propensity-matching method to find a set of items matched to another predefined set. Thereby, we were able to construct well-matched item sets for both examples. Hence, we conclude that the propensity-score-matching method is useful for constructing matched stimuli. Further cases of application are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Schleichstrasse 6, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. s.huber@iwm-tuebingen.de.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5842-5859
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.affiliation: Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Schleichstrasse 6, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.|Department of Psychology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Julia F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.affiliation: Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.|LEAD Graduate School, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nagengast
authors.affiliation: Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Schleichstrasse 6, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.|Department of Psychology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.|LEAD Graduate School, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Korbinian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moeller
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D057216:Propensity Score; D012107:Research Design; D012984:Software
keywords: Fraction; Numerical cognition; Propensity score; Reading; Stimuli construction