title: Coinfections of Zika and Chikungunya Viruses in Bahia, Brazil, Identified by Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing.
abstract: Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of samples from 15 patients with documented Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in Bahia, Brazil, from April 2015 to January 2016 identified coinfections with chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in 2 of 15 ZIKV-positive cases by PCR (13.3%). While generally nonspecific, the clinical presentation corresponding to these two CHIKV/ZIKV coinfections reflected infection by the virus present at a higher titer. Aside from CHIKV and ZIKV, coinfections of other viral pathogens were not detected. The mNGS approach is promising for differential diagnosis of acute febrile illness and identification of coinfections, although targeted arbovirus screening may be sufficient in the current ZIKV outbreak setting.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, Health Institute of Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silvia I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Sardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Sneha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Somasekar
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Samia N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Naccache
authors.affiliation: Aliança Hospital, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bandeira
authors.affiliation: Gonçalo Moniz Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Laura B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Tauro
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, Health Institute of Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gubio S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, California, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA charles.chiu@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Charles Y
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2915-2094
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chiu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D065632:Chikungunya Fever / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D002646:Chikungunya virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D060085:Coinfection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D056186:Metagenomics / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques / Q000379:methods; D000071244:Zika Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000071243:Zika Virus Infection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology