title: Functional Recovery in Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes Through Hyaluronic Acid and Platelet-Rich Plasma-Inhibited Infrapatellar Fat Pad Adipocytes.
abstract: Recent studies have shown evidence that higher adiposity in the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) induces inflammatory phenotypes in the knee joint and thereby contributes to the development and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). In particular, IFP adipocyte-derived inflammatory cytokines participate in pathological events. Our previous research has already addressed the therapeutic efficacy of hyaluronic acid and platelet-rich plasma (HA+PRP), including the promotion of cartilage regeneration and the inhibition of inflammation. The current study aimed to explore the remedial action of coadministered HA+PRP in OA recovery via IFP adipocyte inhibition.
  
  
  
  HA+PRP repairs OA articular cartilage by inhibiting the release of adipokines from IFP adipocytes.
  
  
  
  Controlled laboratory study.
  
  
  
  IFP adipocytes and articular chondrocytes were obtained from 10 patients with OA, and the effects of releasates containing cytokines and adipokines in IFP adipocyte-derived conditioned medium (IACM) on articular chondrocytes and IFP adipocytes themselves were evaluated. The therapeutic efficacy of exogenous HA+PRP was determined through its administration to cocultured IFP adipocytes and articular chondrocytes and further demonstrated in a 3-dimensional (3D) arthritic neocartilage model.
  
  
  
  The IACM and IFP adipocyte-induced microenvironment could induce dedifferentiated and inflammatory phenotypes in articular chondrocytes. HA+PRP decreased the inflammatory potential of IFP adipocytes through the profound inhibition of cytokines and adipokines. The IACM-mediated and -reduced cartilaginous extracellular matrix could also be recovered through HA+PRP in the 3D arthritic neocartilage model.
  
  
  
  IFP adipocyte-derived releasates mediated inflammatory response dedifferentiation in chondrocytes, which was recovered through HA+PRP administration.
  
  
  
  Our findings demonstrated that HA+PRP effectively diminished IFP adipocyte-promoted inflammation in articular chondrocytes, indicating that the IFP could be a potential therapeutic target for OA therapy.
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Hong
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chiung-Fang
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Che
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chian-Her
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Biomedical Implants and Microsurgery Devices, Taipei, Taiwan Research Center for Biomedical Devices and Prototype Production, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Keng-Liang
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Navneet Kumar
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Dubey
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan wpdeng@tmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Win-Ping
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000473:pathology; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000503:physiopathology*; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid
keywords: adipocytes; hyaluronic acid (HA); infrapatellar fat pad (IFP); osteoarthritis (OA); platelet-rich plasma (PRP)