title: An epidemiological survey on the prevalence of equine peripheral dental caries in the United Kingdom and possible risk factors for its development.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Equine peripheral caries (PC) is an increasingly recognised disorder that causes premature wear of teeth and dental fractures and thus has major welfare implications. Little information is available on its prevalence or severity in UK horses and there are no proven associations with any risk factors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To document the prevalence of PC over a wide area of the UK, assess its intraoral distribution and severity in affected horses and examine for potential risk factors for its development.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experienced personnel were recruited for a UK wide dental survey on their patients during dental examinations. Established guidelines were used for grading PC. Frequency of PC occurrence was compared between teeth and dental arcades using McNemar's tests. Potential risk factors for PC were screened using univariable logistic regression prior to building a multivariable model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 706 horses were examined by 25 participants, showing a 51.7% prevalence of PC (365/706). Some regional differences in prevalence were found. The PC primarily affected the cheek teeth with the 12 caudal being significantly more commonly affected than the 12 rostral cheek teeth. Most of the hypothesised risk factors including age, breed, sex, time at pasture and feeding of silage (haylage) were unproven. A limited association with moderate levels of concentrate feeding was observed. The presence of concurrent dental abnormalities were significantly associated with the likelihood of having PC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Not all regions in UK were included and there may be inconsistencies between examiners.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peripheral caries is common in British horses, primarily affecting the caudal cheek teeth. There was limited evidence of an association between feeding and PC. The association between PC and concurrent dental disorders indicates that these should be addressed in affected horses.
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Borkent
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK.
authors.forename: R J M
authors.initials: RJM
authors.lastname: Reardon
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McLachlan
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Dixon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006736:Horses; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: dental caries; dental disease; epidemiology; horse; peripheral caries