title: A Citrus bergamia Extract Decreases Adipogenesis and Increases Lipolysis by Modulating PPAR Levels in Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Adipose Tissue.
abstract: The aim of this research was to assess the impact of a well-characterized extract from Citrus bergamia juice on adipogenesis and/or lipolysis using mesenchymal stem cells from human adipose tissue as a cell model. To evaluate the effects on adipogenesis, some cell cultures were treated with adipogenic medium plus 10 or 100 μg/mL of extract. To determine the properties on lipolysis, additional mesenchymal stem cells were cultured with adipogenic medium for 14 days and after this time added with Citrus bergamia for further 14 days. To verify adipogenic differentiation, oil red O staining at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days was performed. Moreover, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), adipocytes fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), monoglyceride lipase (MGL), 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)α1/2, and pAMPKα1/2 was evaluated by Western blot analysis and the release of glycerol by colorimetric assay. Citrus bergamia extract suppressed the accumulation of intracellular lipids in mesenchymal stem cells during adipogenic differentiation and promoted lipolysis by repressing the expression of adipogenic genes and activating lipolytic genes. Citrus bergamia extract could be a useful natural product for improving adipose mobilization in obesity-related disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 65, 95125 Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Debora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lo Furno
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 65, 95125 Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Adriana Carol Eleonora
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1652-9577
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Graziano
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 65, 95125 Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Avola
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 65, 95125 Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7494-3675
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giuffrida
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 65, 95125 Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0614-2969
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Perciavalle
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bonina
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 65, 95125 Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuliana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mannino
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 65, 95125 Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Venera
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9902-3736
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cardile