title: Efficacy and safety of liraglutide, a once-daily human glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in African-American people with Type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of sub-population data from seven phase III trials.
abstract: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist liraglutide in African-American people with Type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  
  Analyses were performed on patient-level data from individuals self-defined as African-American or non-African-American in seven phase III studies. Endpoints included change in HbA1clevel, fasting plasma glucose level and body weight from baseline, proportion of patients reaching HbA1ctarget [< 53 mmol/mol (< 7.0%)], and incidence of hypoglycaemia and nausea. Analyses used data obtained after 26 weeks. Within-population comparisons of liraglutide were performed vs placebo for African-American and non-African-American patient groups. In addition, between-population comparisons with non-African-American patients were performed for each treatment.
  
  
  
  In African-American patients (n = 225), HbA1cwas significantly reduced at 26 weeks with liraglutide 1.2 and 1.8 mg (-11 and -14 mmol/mol, respectively compared with placebo; P < 0.0001). There were also significant reductions in fasting plasma glucose (-2.4 and -3.1 mmol/l, respectively, compared with placebo; P < 0.0001). Statistically significant reductions in body weight were observed with 1.8 mg liraglutide (-2.1 kg compared with placebo; P = 0.0056), but not with 1.2 mg liraglutide (-0.26 kg; P = 0.7307). The P value for interaction between treatment and race was significant for body weight (P = 0.0355). The incidence of non-severe hypoglycaemia with liraglutide was low (11-15% of patients), and < 25% of patients receiving liraglutide experienced nausea.
  
  
  
  This meta-analysis suggests that liraglutide is well tolerated and efficacious for treatment of Type 2 diabetes in African-American patients, with an efficacy that was shown not to differ from that observed in non-African-American patients over 26 weeks.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Endocrine Center, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Shomali
authors.affiliation: Novo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Ørsted
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Metabolic Associates, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cannon
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069450:Liraglutide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000069450:Liraglutide; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human