title: A cross-sectional and spatial analysis of the prevalence of multimorbidity and its association with socioeconomic disadvantage in South Africa: A comparison between 2008 and 2012.
abstract: This study utilised data from the National Income Dynamics Study, a longitudinal study with a sample of approximately 28 000 people, to investigate the cross-sectional and spatial distribution of multimorbidity and the association with socioeconomic disadvantage in South Africa for 2008 and 2012. Multimorbidity increased in prevalence from 2.73% to 2.84% in adults between 2008 and 2012 and was associated with age, socioeconomic deprivation, obesity and urban areas. Hypertension was found frequently coexisting with diabetes. Spatial analysis showed clusters (hot spots) of higher multimorbidity prevalence in parts of KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape, which compared with the socioeconomic disadvantage spatial pattern. Although these results were limited to a district level analysis, this study has provided a platform for future local level research and has provided insight into the socioeconomic determinants of disease multimorbidity within a developing country.
authors.affiliation: University of Cape Town, Division of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Room 4.41, Entrance 5, Falmouth Building, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa. Electronic address: frsamy002@myuct.ac.za.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weimann
authors.affiliation: Georgia State University, Department of Geosciences, Georgia State University, 24 Peachtree Center Avenue NE, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States. Electronic address: ddai@gsu.edu.
authors.forename: Dajun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: University of Cape Town, Division of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Room 4.41, Entrance 5, Falmouth Building, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa. Electronic address: tolullah.oni@uct.ac.za.
authors.forename: Tolu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oni
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D062305:Geographic Mapping; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000071069:Multiple Chronic Conditions / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012923:Social Class; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Hot spots; Hypertension; Multimorbidity; Socioeconomic disadvantage; South Africa; Spatial analysis