title: Evaluation of anti-aphthous activity of decoction of Nicotiana tabacum leaves as a mouthwash: a placebo-controlled clinical study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of decoction derived from the leaves of Nicotiana tabacum (L.) as a mouthwash on minor recurrent aphthous.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients with minor recurrent aphthous. Treatment comprised of application of tobacco or placebo mouthwash (10 mL 3 times a day) for 5 days. Clinical evaluation included pain level using a visual analog scale and ulcer size on days 1, 3, and 5 were measured. Adverse effects after mouthwash application were recorded, and the oral mucosa was examined by the investigator at each visit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 54 subjects with the mean age (38 ± 10) years fulfilled the study. No minor and major adverse effects were observed. In the treatment group, ulcer pain score was decreased by 79.2% and 93.8% and ulcer size was reduced by 69.1% and 92.2% (days 3 and 5, respectively), which was significantly greater than the control group (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The decoction prepared with of Nicotiana tabacum leaves, used as mouthwash are well-tolerated and safe, and can be used for the management of recurrent aphthous.
authors.forename: Siavash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vaziri
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mojarrab
authors.forename: Mohammad Hosein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Farzaei
authors.forename: Farid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Najafi
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghobadi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D013281:Stomatitis, Aphthous / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009067:Mouthwashes; D028321:Plant Preparations