title: Mahuang-Xixin-Fuzi decoction reduces the infection of influenza A virus in Kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mahuang-Xixin-Fuzi Decoction (MXF) as a famous formula for the treatment of colds, fever, nasal congestion and headache with elder people, has always been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. The present study is aimed at investigating the treatment effect of MXF on Kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome in mice simultaneously infected with H1N1 virus.
  
  
  METHODS
  We employed the Kidney-Yang deficiency mouse model to investigate the effect of MXF against influenza A virus (A/FM/1/47, H1N1). Mice were infected with the virus after fifteen days Kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome was established (intraperitoneal injection of estradiol benzoate), while MXF was orally administrated with 1.2-4.7g/kg/d for 6 consecutive days after inoculation. Body weight, rectal temperature, morbidity, and mortality were recorded daily. Histopathologic changes, antioxidant activity of SOD and MDA were detected. Moreover, levels of inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, TNF-α were measured in the sera of mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the extract of MXF at dosages of 2.3-4.7g/kg could effectively diminish mortality rate, ameliorate lung edema and inflammation. Administration of MXF decoction significantly depressed the expression of IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-α, and markedly increased expression of IL-10 in serum. Simultaneously, the extract was also found to reduce MDA and increase SOD in the lung tissue of mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data support the notion that the extract of MXF could treat Kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome in mice simultaneously infected with influenza A virus by reducing inflammation and increasing antioxidant activities.
authors.affiliation: Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rong
authors.affiliation: Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Municipal Hospital of Yantai City Government, Yantai 264000, China.
authors.forename: Rong-Rong
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Bao
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Shandong Lvye Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yantai 264003, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Xing
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
authors.forename: Cheng-Bo
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D016711:Yang Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D000998:Antiviral Agents; C491768:Ccl2 protein, mouse; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C577686:interleukin-6, mouse; C000611220:mahuang fuzi xixin; C074283:estradiol 3-benzoate; D012254:Ribavirin; D004958:Estradiol; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Inflammatory cytokines; Influenza A virus; Kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome mice; Mahuang-Xixin-Fuzi decoction