title: Imaging Features of Malignant Lacrimal Sac and Nasolacrimal Duct Tumors.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to present the imaging features of primary and secondary malignant lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct tumors and their pattern of tumor spread in 18 patients. The most common tumor histology in our series was squamous cell carcinoma. In 15/18 patients, tumor involved both the lacrimal sac and duct at the time of diagnosis. In 11/16 patients on CT, the nasolacrimal bony canal was smoothly expanded without erosive changes. The medial canthus region (16/18) was a frequent site of direct tumor spread. Two patients had intraconal orbital spread of tumor. Tumor spread to the sinus or nasal cavity was observed in 5/13 primary tumors. Only 1 patient presented with nodal metastasis. There was no intracranial tumor extension, perineural tumor spread along the infraorbital nerve, distant metastasis, or dacryocystocele formation in any of the patients at the time of diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology (V.A.K., S.A., B.G., J.M.D, L.E.G.) vakumar@mdanderson.org.
authors.forename: V A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8322-1233
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Orbital Oncology and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Program, Department of Plastic Surgery (B.E.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: B
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3667-1821
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Esmaeli
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology (V.A.K., S.A., B.G., J.M.D, L.E.G.).
authors.forename: S
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2500-5735
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology (V.A.K., S.A., B.G., J.M.D, L.E.G.).
authors.forename: B
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3519-2415
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gogia
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology (V.A.K., S.A., B.G., J.M.D, L.E.G.).
authors.forename: J M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3095-8936
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Debnam
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology (V.A.K., S.A., B.G., J.M.D, L.E.G.).
authors.forename: L E
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3110-7754
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Ginsberg