title: Predictive role of brain connectivity for resective surgery in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
abstract: Callosotomy can reveal hidden primary epileptogenic areas in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS). We studied the significance of causal connectivity for identifying hidden epileptogenic areas in preoperative electroencephalography (EEG) and for making a decision regarding resective surgery.
  
  
  
  We enrolled 18 LGS patients who underwent corpus callosotomy. Eight patients with unilateral epileptogenicity on post-callosotomy EEG underwent resective surgery (group A). Ten patients with independent bilateral epileptogenicity did not undergo resective surgery (group B). We analyzed generalized epileptiform discharges on pre-callosotomy EEG via direct directed transfer function (dDTF) and partial directed coherence (PDC).
  
  
  
  All regions exhibiting unilaterality in group A and bilaterality identified by dDTF or PDC in group B were concordant with the lateralization of the irritative zone on post-callosotomy EEG and with the localization of the resective areas, except for one patient in group A. The regions identified by dDTF exhibited high concordance rates with the resective areas in patients with good outcomes.
  
  
  
  Causal connectivity methods showed good concordance with hidden epileptogenic areas, and its concordance was associated with the prognosis of surgical outcome.
  
  
  
  This study provides evidence that causal connectivity methods can be helpful in deciding which type of surgery will be suitable for an LGS patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Pusan, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: H00105@paik.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Yun Jung
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Epilepsy Research Institute, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hdkimmd@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Heung Dong
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D065768:Lennox Gastaut Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D011300:Preoperative Care
keywords: Direct directed transfer function; Lennox–Gastaut syndrome; Partial directed coherence