title: Subsequent primary malignancies among multiple myeloma patients treated with or without lenalidomide.
abstract: Risk of subsequent primary malignancies (SPMs) associated with lenalidomide therapy in multiple myeloma (MM) patients, outside the context of melphalan-based therapy is not established. We assessed the risk of SPMs in lenalidomide treated MM patients (n = 1653) at Moffitt Cancer Center (2004-2012) outside the context of melphalan-based induction therapy and post-melphalan maintenance therapy, via (1) cohort analysis and (2) nested case-control study. Incident SPMs (n = 51) were matched to controls (n = 102) on age at MM diagnosis, gender, follow-up time, and date of diagnosis. Incidence of SPM differed significantly (p = 0.0038) between MM patients treated with and without lenalidomide (5-year incidence estimates of 3.2 and 6.2%, respectively), although not significant after adjustment for age and year of diagnosis (HR = 0.82, 95%CI = 0.43-1.57). Lenalidomide treatment was inversely associated with SPM in the nested case-control analysis (OR = 0.03, 95%CI = 0.002-0.34). In this large cohort of MM patients, lenalidomide treatment was not associated with an increased risk of SPM.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Cancer Epidemiology , Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Dana E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Rollison
authors.affiliation: b Department of Malignant Hematology , Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Rami
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Komrokji
authors.affiliation: c Biostatistics Core, University of New Mexico Cancer Center , Albuquerque , NM , USA.
authors.forename: Ji-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: a Department of Cancer Epidemiology , Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Shalaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hampras
authors.affiliation: d Department of Biostatistics , Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa , FL , USA.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fulp
authors.affiliation: d Department of Biostatistics , Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.affiliation: b Department of Malignant Hematology , Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Rachid
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baz
authors.affiliation: b Department of Malignant Hematology , Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Taiga
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishihori
authors.affiliation: e Celgene Corporation , Summit , NJ , USA.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: e Celgene Corporation , Summit , NJ , USA.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olesnyckyj
authors.affiliation: e Celgene Corporation , Summit , NJ , USA.
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kenvin
authors.affiliation: e Celgene Corporation , Summit , NJ , USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.affiliation: b Department of Malignant Hematology , Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.affiliation: b Department of Malignant Hematology , Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alsina
authors.affiliation: f DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Moffitt Cancer Center/M2GEN , Tampa , FL , USA.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dalton
authors.affiliation: b Department of Malignant Hematology , Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Shain
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077269:Lenalidomide; D060046:Maintenance Chemotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D013792:Thalidomide; D000077269:Lenalidomide
keywords: Multiple myeloma; lenalidomide; subsequent malignancy