title: Negative symptoms: History of the concept and their position in diagnosis of schizophrenia.
abstract: Current conceptualizations of schizophrenia have been introduced over centuries and continue to progress in recent decades. Symptoms have been divided into several domains, contrasting negative and positive symptoms which are different in their nature, onset, progression and response to treatment. An account of the different historical changes of the concept – essentially nosographic – has led to models attempting to integrate findings for each dimension of the disorder. This paper reviews the history of negative symptoms in diagnosis and how different approaches have been utilised to consider negative symptoms in the concept of schizophrenia. The paper also bridges various international classifications which have evolved and modified the role of negative symptoms in their diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia, which highlights the challenge of defining this disease.
authors.affiliation: CHU de Caen, Service de psychiatrie, Centre Esquirol, Caen F-14000, France; Imagerie et Stratégies Thérapeutiques de la Schizophrénie (ISTS), Normandie Univ, Faculté de médecine, Caen F-14000, France; ISTCT, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS,14000 Caen, France. Electronic address: dollfus-s@chu-caen.fr.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dollfus
authors.affiliation: Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and North Dublin Mental Health Service, Ashlin Centre, Beaumont Road, Dublin 9, Ireland; Dublin and East Treatment and Early Care Team, Avila House, Blackrock Business Park, Blackrock, Co., Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lyne
mesh_terms: D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000266:history*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology
keywords: Athymhormia; Deficit syndrome; Hypothymia; Negative symptoms; Nosography; Persistent negative symptoms