title: Exogenously administered adenosine attenuates renal damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetic nephropathy (DNP) is one of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). In the present study, we investigated the potential of adenosine as a therapeutic candidate for preventing DNP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one adult male rats were included in the study. Fourteen rats were administered a single dose of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes. Seven rats served as normal control group. Diabetic rats were randomly divided into two groups: one group was treated with 1 mL/kg saline/day (DM + saline) and the other group was treated with 5 mg/kg/day adenosine (DM + adenosine) for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, biochemical parameters including urea, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured in plasma samples. Also, kidneys were removed for histopathological assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both of plasma KIM-1 and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in DM + saline group compared to controls. However, treatment of diabetic rats with adenosine significantly decreased the plasma KIM-1 and TNF-α levels compared to DM + saline group. Significant histopathological changes were observed in diabetic rats whereas adenosine treatment effectively prevented these changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of the present study suggest that adenosine may be a useful therapeutic agent for preventing DNP.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Internal Medicine , Tepecik Training and Research Hospital , Izmir , Turkey ;
authors.forename: Emin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Taşkıran
authors.affiliation: b School of Medicine Department of Physiology , İstanbul Bilim University , Istanbul , Turkey ;
authors.forename: Oytun
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Erbaş
authors.affiliation: c School of Medicine Department of Histology and Embryology , Ege University , Izmir , Turkey ;
authors.forename: Gürkan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yiğittürk
authors.affiliation: d School of Medicine Department of Biochemistry , Dumlupinar University , Kütahya , Turkey ;
authors.forename: Ayfer
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meral
authors.affiliation: a Department of Internal Medicine , Tepecik Training and Research Hospital , Izmir , Turkey ;
authors.forename: Harun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akar
authors.affiliation: e School of Medicine Department of Physiology , Ege University , Izmir , Turkey.
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Taşkıran
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013311:Streptozocin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000241:Adenosine; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D003404:Creatinine; D013311:Streptozocin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C110936:Havcr1 protein, rat
keywords: Adenosine; KIM-1; TNF-α; diabetes mellitus; nephropathy