title: In Vitro Osteogenic Differentiation Enhanced by Zirconia Coated with Nano-Layered Growth and Differentiation Factor-5.
abstract: Zirconia (Zr) is also known as a biocompatible material with favorable mechanical properties as well as low plaque adhesion. In this study, we examined the efficacy of Zr coated with growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) bonded via click reaction as a substrate to support osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Pristine and surface-modified Zr surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), resulting that GDF-5 was successfully coated to the pristine Zr surface. GDF-5 coated to Zr surfaces was released for 28 days in a sustained manner. New bone formation onto GDF-5 coated Zr (Zr/GDF-5) surface was confirmed by in vitro test including cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition assays, and in vivo test including real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay including osterix (OSX), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx 2), COL 1 (type I collagen) and osteocalcin (OC). Cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium deposition of MC3T3- E1 cells were significantly enhanced when the cells were cultured on Zr/GDF-5. Additionally, the results of qPCR revealed that genes related with osteogenic differentiation were up regulated when the cells were cultured on Zr/GDF-5. Our findings demonstrate that Zr/GDF-5 could be used as a material for enhancing the efficacy of osteogenic differentiation.
authors.forename: Sun Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Dae Hyeok
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Eun-Cheol
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kwantae
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.forename: Deok-Won
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D055428:Growth Differentiation Factor 5 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; C525894:Gdf5 protein, mouse; D055428:Growth Differentiation Factor 5; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide