title: Neuromuscular transmission and muscle fatigue changes by nanostructured oxygen.
abstract: Oxygen (O2) nanobubbles offer a new method for tissue oxygenation. The effects of O2nanobubbles on transmission at neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) and muscle function were explored in murine diaphragm.
  
  
  
  Electrophysiological parameters, NMJ ultrastructure, muscle force, and muscle fatigue were studied during superfusion with solutions with different oxygen levels or oxygen nanobubbles.
  
  
  
  High frequency nerve stimulation of muscles superfused with O2nanobubble solution slowed neurotransmission decline over those with either control or hyperoxic solution. O2nanobubble solution increased the amplitude of evoked end plate potentials and quantal content but did not affect spontaneous activity. Electron microscopy of stimulated O2nanobubble treated NMJs showed accumulation of large synaptic vesicles and endosome-like structures. O2nanobubble solution had no effects on isometric muscle force, but it significantly decreased fatigability and maximum force recovery time in nerve stimulated muscles.
  
  
  
  O2nanobubbles increase neurotransmission and reduce the probability of neurotransmission failure in muscle fatigue. Muscle Nerve 55: 555-563, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York, 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Maxim V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Ivannikov
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York, 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Mutsuyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugimori
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York, 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Rodolfo R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Llinás
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001703:Biophysics; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055366:Synaptic Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: muscle; muscle fatigue; muscle force; neuromuscular transmission; oxygenation