title: Distribution of Anterior Chamber Angle Width and Correlation With Age, Refraction, and Anterior Chamber Depth-The Gutenberg Health Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Scheimpflug imaging allows quantitative analysis of the width of the anterior chamber angle. We report the population-based distribution of the anterior chamber angle width using this noncontact imaging technique and investigate associated factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Germany. A comprehensive ophthalmologic examination including refraction, biometry, and Scheimpflug imaging was performed. Automated measurement of the anterior chamber angle was performed in each anterior chamber quadrant. Exclusion criteria were previous ocular surgery or inadequate image quality. Association analyses were carried out to determine independently associated systemic and ocular factors for anterior chamber angle width using a generalized estimating equation model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 3014 subjects (48% female) with a mean age of 58.6 ± 10.4 years were included in this study. The mean anterior chamber angle width was 32.6° ± 5.5°. Statistical analysis revealed an independent association between a smaller anterior chamber angle and female sex, higher age, and more hyperopic refraction. When including biometric parameters, shallow anterior chamber depth, shorter axial length, higher central corneal thickness, and lower corneal power were independently associated with a narrower mean anterior chamber angle width.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These parameters are considered risk factors for angle-closure glaucoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nickels
authors.affiliation: Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany 3Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Höhn
authors.affiliation: Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany 4Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-Universit.
authors.forename: Philipp S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Wild
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Statistics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.affiliation: DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany 7Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Münzel
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Manfred E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Beutel
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Vossmerbaeumer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000867:Anterior Chamber / Q000473:pathology*; D001251:Astigmatism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003315:Cornea / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D015812:Glaucoma, Angle-Closure / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics