title: Insight and gender in schizophrenia and other psychoses.
abstract: This study aimed to evaluate gender differences in the deficit of insight in psychosis and determine influences of clinical, functional, and sociodemographic variables. A multicenter sample of 401 adult patients with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders who agreed to participate was evaluated in four centers of the metropolitan area of Barcelona (Catalonia). Psychopathological assessment was performed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Lindenmayers' Factors. Insight and its dimensions were assessed by means of the Scale of Unawareness of Mental Disorder. Significant differences were apparent neither between men and women in the three dimensions of insight, nor in the total awareness, nor in the total attribution subscales. However, statistically significant differences were found in awareness and attribution of particular symptoms. Women showed a worse awareness of thought disorder and alogia and a higher misattribution of apathy. Higher cognitive and positive symptoms, early stage of the illness, and having been married explained deficits of insight dimensions in women. In men, other variables such as lower functioning, higher age, other psychosis diagnosis, and, to a lower extent, higher scores in cognitive, positive, and excitative symptoms, explained deficits of insight dimensions. These data could help to design gender-specific preventive and therapeutic strategies.
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Department, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Hospital Universitari - UAB Sabadell, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Research Workgroup on Womens' Mental Health, Catalan Society of Psychiatry & Mental Health Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Electronic address: jcobo@tauli.cat.
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cobo
authors.affiliation: Research Workgroup on Womens' Mental Health, Catalan Society of Psychiatry & Mental Health Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Research, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nieto
authors.affiliation: Research Workgroup on Womens' Mental Health, Catalan Society of Psychiatry & Mental Health Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari San Joan de Dèu - CIBERSAM Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ochoa
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Department, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Hospital Universitari - UAB Sabadell, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions, Hospital del Mar Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pousa
authors.affiliation: Research Workgroup on Womens' Mental Health, Catalan Society of Psychiatry & Mental Health Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari San Joan de Dèu - CIBERSAM Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Usall
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari San Joan de Dèu - CIBERSAM Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Baños
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Department, Hospital Benito Menni Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: González
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Clinical Psychology - Research Unit. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Research Workgroup on Womens' Mental Health, Catalan Society of Psychiatry & Mental Health Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions, Hospital del Mar Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; IMIM - Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institut Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Ada I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Ruiz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001364:Awareness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011340:Problem Solving; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000592:standards; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012727:Sex Characteristics
keywords: Attribution; Awareness; Functionality; Gender; Psychopathology; Psychosis; Schizophrenia