title: Costly learning: preference for familiar food persists despite negative impact on survival.
abstract: Animals often rely on events in their environment that provide information (i.e. experience) to alter their future decision-making in ways that are presumed to be beneficial. Such experience-based learning, however, does not always lead to adaptive decision-making. In this study, we use the omnivorous harvestman Heteromitobates discolor to explore the role of past diet on subsequent food choice and survival. We first tested whether a short-term homogeneous diet (rotten crickets, fresh crickets or dog food) influenced subsequent food choice (rotten cricket versus fresh cricket). We next examine the impact of diet on survival. We found that following experience with a homogeneous cricket diet, adult harvestmen displayed a learned preference for familiar food, regardless of whether it was rotten or fresh crickets; individuals experiencing dog food were equally likely to choose rotten versus fresh crickets. We additionally found that individuals that ate rotten crickets suffered shorter survival than those that ate fresh crickets. Together, our results suggest that the diet an individual experiences can lead to maladaptive food preferences-preferences that ultimately result in reduced longevity.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecologia Sensorial e Comportamento de Artrópodes, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thaiany M
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2795-5635
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
authors.forename: Eileen A
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9382-2040
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hebets
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Diogo
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7603-0092
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecologia Sensorial e Comportamento de Artrópodes, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil willemart@usp.br.
authors.forename: Rodrigo H
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4446-597X
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Willemart
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001097:Arachnida / Q000502:physiology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D003657:Decision Making; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D006135:Gryllidae; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male
keywords: dietary conservatism; harvestman; maladaptive; neophobia; optimal foraging