title: A Sanitary Pad for Self-Assessment of Rupture of Membranes.
abstract: Multistep immunoassay kits for the diagnosis of rupture of membranes are relatively complex and are not designed to be used by pregnant women themselves. These kits require procedural steps of specimen extraction and preparation. We evaluated the ability of a sanitary pad containing a qualitative immunoassay for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) to serve as a one-step self-test to detect amniotic fluid leakage.
  
  
  
  Four sets of pads were evaluated. The pads in the study set were worn by 288 pregnant women with confirmed rupture of membranes. Three controls were evaluated: 1) pads worn by 93 pregnant women with intact membranes, 2) additional pads instilled with urine specimens obtained from the 381 women described previously (study set plus control set 1), and 3) pads instilled with semen collected from 40 men.
  
  
  
  All 288 pads that absorbed amniotic fluid had positive results. Approximately half of the pads absorbed with normal vaginal discharge had a sufficient amount to yield valid results, which were all negative. All 381 pads with instilled urine and all 40 pads with instilled semen had negative results.
  
  
  
  An immunoassay for AFP, embedded in a pad, appears to be a feasible and reproducible self-test for the detection of rupture of membranes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Genesis Fertility and Reproductive Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mor
authors.forename: Shoshana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haberman
authors.forename: Bharati
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kalgi
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minkoff
mesh_terms: D041342:Absorbent Pads; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D059026:Diagnostic Self Evaluation; D005321:Extraembryonic Membranes; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012422:Rupture, Spontaneous / Q000175:diagnosis; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins