title: Costs and benefits of insecticide and foliar nutrient applications to huanglongbing-infected citrus trees.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), vectors Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, which causes huanglongbing (HLB). In Florida, HLB incidence is approaching 100% statewide. Yields have decreased and production costs have increased since 2005. Despite this, some growers are maintaining a level of production and attribute this in part to aggressive psyllid control and foliar nutrition sprays. However, the value of these practices is debated. A replicated field study was initiated in 2008 in a commercial block of 'Valencia' sweet orange trees to evaluate individual and combined effects of foliar nutrition and ACP control. Results from 2012-2016 are presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Insecticides consistently reduced ACP populations. However, neither insecticide nor nutrition applications significantly influenced HLB incidence or PCR copy number in mature trees. In reset trees, infection continued to build and reached 100% in all treatments. Greatest yields (kg fruit ha-1) and production (kg solids ha-1) were obtained from trees receiving both insecticides and foliar nutrition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All treatments resulted in production and financial gains relative to controls. However, material and application costs associated with the nutrition component offset these gains, resulting in lesser benefits than insecticides applied alone. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: University of Florida, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, Immokalee, FL, USA.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tansey
authors.affiliation: University of Florida, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, Immokalee, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vanaclocha
authors.affiliation: University of Florida, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, Immokalee, FL, USA.|Unidad Asociada IVIA-UJI, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Moncada, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Cesar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Monzo
authors.affiliation: University of Florida, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, Immokalee, FL, USA.|Department of Entomology, University of Missouri, Fisher Delta Research Center, Portageville, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Moneen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: University of Florida, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, Immokalee, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Stansly
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002957:Citrus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000382:microbiology*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004199:Disease Vectors; D005638:Fruit / Q000254:growth & development; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology; D007306:Insecticides / Q000191:economics*; D010571:Pest Control / Q000191:economics*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012621:Seasons; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides
keywords: Diaphorina citri; Liberibacter; citrus production; huanglongbing