title: The effect of nocturia on sleep quality and daytime function in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nocturia has been proven to have a negative impact on the quality of life and sleep quality in general elderly population. However, there are limited studies on the quantitative effect of nocturia on sleep quality and daytime dysfunction, specifically in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  During March 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015, a total of 728 patients who visited our urology department due to voiding dysfunction and experienced nocturia at least once per night were enrolled. Three questionnaires were administered to them after obtaining their written consents. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) questionnaire, and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire were applied to evaluate their sleep quality, daytime dysfunction, and voiding problems, respectively. Statistical analysis of the impact of nocturia on sleep quality and daytime dysfunction was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of patients was 61 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.7. The mean nocturia number was 3.03. The IPSS, PSQI, and ESS scores were 17.56, 8.35, and 8.22, respectively. The nocturia number increased with age and was significantly correlated to ESS score (daytime dysfunction) and PSQI total score (sleep quality) in overall group. Among subgroups divided by age and sex, there was a significant correlation between nocturia number and daytime dysfunction in male patients or patients younger than 65 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with lower urinary tract symptoms, nocturia number increased with age and was significantly correlated with poor sleep quality. Nocturia plays an important role in patients younger than 65 years in daytime dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan County.
authors.forename: I-Hung
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan.
authors.forename: Chia-Chen
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan County.
authors.forename: Hueih-Shing
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan County.
authors.forename: Shyh-Chyi
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan County.
authors.forename: Hsu-Hsiang
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan County.
authors.forename: Heng-Chang
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan County, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuan-Yun
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Tam
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053158:Nocturia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000150:complications*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012890:Sleep; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: daytime dysfunction; lower urinary tract symptoms; nocturia; sleep quality