title: Associations between Consumption of Dairy Foods and Anthropometric Indicators of Health in Adolescents.
abstract: Childhood obesity is associated with a greater chance of a lifetime of obesity. Evidence suggests dairy at recommended levels could be beneficial in maintaining normal weight and body composition. We assessed whether dairy consumption is associated with anthropometric indicators of health (z-scores for weight-for-age (WAZ); height-for-age (HAZ) and body mass index (BMIZ); waist-to-height ratio (WHtR); fat-free mass (FFM); and fat mass (FM)) in adolescents. In a cross-sectional study, 536 males and females ages 12-18 completed a 151-item semi-quantitative web-based food frequency questionnaire that included 34 dairy-containing foods. Dairy foods were categorized into milk, cheese, sweetened dairy, and total dairy. Anthropometrics were measured during school visits. Total dairy intake was associated with WAZ (β = 0.25 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.49), p = 0.045) and HAZ (β = 0.28 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.52), p = 0.021). In boys, total dairy was associated with WHtR (β = 0.02 (95% CI: 0.00, 0.04), p = 0.039), FFM (β = 4.83 (95% CI: 1.79, 7.87), p = 0.002), and FM (β = 3.89 (95% CI: 0.58, 7.21), p = 0.021), and cheese was associated with FFM (β = 4.22 (95% CI: 0.98, 7.47), p = 0.011). Dairy consumption seems to influence growth in both genders, and body composition and central obesity in boys. Prospective studies are needed to identify how types of dairy relate to growth, body composition, and central obesity of adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA. mnezami@llu.edu.
authors.forename: Manijeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nezami
authors.affiliation: Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA. gsiapco@llu.edu.
authors.forename: Gina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Segovia-Siapco
authors.affiliation: Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA. lbeeson@llu.edu.
authors.forename: W Lawrence
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Beeson
authors.affiliation: Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA. jsabate@llu.edu.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sabaté
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000293:Adolescent; D041923:Adolescent Development; D000067697:Adolescent Health; D000367:Age Factors; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002140:California; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000009:adverse effects; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009752:Nutritional Status; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D065927:Waist-Height Ratio
keywords: BMI z-score; adolescents; anthropometric; dairy; milk; waist to height ratio