title: Isolation, identification and evolution analysis of a novel subgroup of avian leukosis virus isolated from a local Chinese yellow broiler in South China.
abstract: Avian leukosis virus (ALV) causes high mortality associated with tumor formation and decreased fertility, and results in major economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Recently, a putative novel ALV subgroup virus named ALV-K was observed in Chinese local chickens. In this study, a novel ALV strain named GD14LZ was isolated from a Chinese local yellow broiler in 2014. The proviral genome was sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. The replication ability and pathogenicity of this virus were also evaluated. The complete proviral genome sequence of GD14LZ was 7482 nt in length, with a genetic organization typical of replication-competent type C retroviruses lacking viral oncogenes. Sequence analysis showed that the gag, pol and gp37 genes of GD14LZ have high sequence similarity to those of other ALV strains (A-E subgroups), especially to those of ALV-E. The gp85 gene of the GD14LZ isolate showed a low sequence similarity to those other ALV strains (A-E subgroups) but showed high similarity to strains previously described as ALV-K. Phylogenetic analysis of gp85 also suggested that the GD14LZ isolate was related to ALV-K strains. Further study showed that this isolate replicated more slowly and was less pathogenic than other ALV strains. These results indicate that the GD14LZ isolate belongs to the novel subgroup ALV-K and probably arose by recombination of ALV-K with endogenous viruses with low replication and pathogenicity. This virus might have existed in local Chinese chickens for a long time.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.|Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xinjian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.|Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.|South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wencheng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.|Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xinheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.|Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.|Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Weiguo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Baohong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dingming
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA.
authors.forename: Huanmin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.|Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. qmx@scau.edu.cn.|Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China. qmx@scau.edu.cn.|Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. qmx@scau.edu.cn.|South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China. qmx@scau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qingmei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001354:Avian Leukosis Virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D002645:Chickens / Q000821:virology*; D002681:China; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016679:Genome, Viral; D010802:Phylogeny; D011533:Proviruses / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral