title: The Protective Effect of Jatrorrhizine Against Oxidative Stress in Primary Rat Cortical Neurons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of Jatrorrhizine in rat cortical neurons.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of Jatrorrhizine on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell lesion, levels of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities were investigated in rat cortical neurons. Levels of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by fluorescent rhodamine staining and 2',7'-dichlorfluorescein-diacetate staining, respectively. ATP content was measured by a high performance liquid chromatography. The protein levels for Bax, Bcl2 and cleaved caspase-3 were analyzed by western blot protein expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant reduction in cell viability and activities of Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase for the cortical neurons after exposure to 50μM H2O2 for 12h. The hydrogen peroxide increased the production of malondialdehyde and ROS but decreased MMP and ATP in the neurons. However, pretreatment with different concentrations of Jatrorrhizine (5-20μM) inhibited H2O2-induced neurotoxicity markedly. Jatrorrhizine also attenuated the H2O2-induced Bcl-2/Bax ratio reduction and caspase-3 activation in these neurons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that Jatrorrhizine plays a critical neuroprotective role in H2O2 - induced apoptosis through its anti-oxidative actions. This may allow Jatrorrhizine to be a novel therapeutic with its high bioavailability to treat Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
authors.forename: Xiu-Yin
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China.
authors.forename: Quan-An
authors.initials: QA
authors.lastname: Mai
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
authors.forename: Hua-Qiao
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001599:Berberine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; C494828:Bax protein, rat; C000617196:Bcl2 protein, rat; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C055785:jatrorrhizine; D001599:Berberine; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Hydrogen peroxide; Jatrorrhizine; apoptosis; neurons; oxidative stress