title: Testing Cross-Cultural Generalizability of the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire across American and Chinese Samples.
abstract: This paper examines the factor structure and measurement invariance of the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) across American and Chinese samples. Results based on the mean and covariance structure analyses supported configural invariance, metric invariance and scalar invariance across groups. Latent means analyses revealed that American sample had significantly higher mean scores on task and ego orientations than the Chinese sample. The findings suggest that the TEOSQ is a valid and reliable instrument in assessing achievement motivation across these two diverse populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7092-7715
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education and Athletic Training, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Monsma
mesh_terms: D000569:Americas; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004532:Ego; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D013177:Sports / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult