title: Formononetin exhibits anti-hyperglycemic activity in alloxan-induced type 1 diabetic mice.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-hyperglycemic activity and mechanism of formononetin in alloxan-induced type 1 diabetic mice by determining its effect on some diabetes-related indices as described below. Body weight, fasting blood glucose, hepatic glycogen, serum insulin, and serum glucagon were determined by electronic scales, glucometer, and ELISA kits. Fas, Caspase-3, pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 , insulin receptor substrate 2, glucokinase and glucose transporter 2, mRNA and proteins levels in pancreas tissue, and glucokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase mRNA, and proteins levels in liver tissue were detected by fluorogenic quantitative-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays. The results indicated that formononetin (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg; oral administration) reversed the alloxan-induced increase of some indices (fasting blood glucose level and Fas and Caspase-3 mRNA and proteins levels in pancreas tissue) and reduction of some indices (body weight gain, oral glucose tolerance, insulin activity, hepatic glycogen level, pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1, insulin receptor substrate 2, glucokinase and glucose transporter 2, mRNA and proteins levels in pancreas tissue, and glucokinase mRNA and protein levels in liver tissue). The glucagon level and glucose-6-phosphatase mRNA and protein levels in liver tissue were not affected by the drugs administration. In conclusion, formononetin exhibited anti-hyperglycemic activity in alloxan-induced type 1 diabetic mice by inhibiting islet B cell apoptosis and promoting islet B cell regeneration, insulin secretion, hepatic glycogen synthesis, and hepatic glycolysis.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Health, Linyi People's Hospital of Shandong University, Linyi 276003, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Guizhen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Nursing, Linyi Oncosurgical Hospital, Linyi 276002, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Nursing, Linyi Oncosurgical Hospital, Linyi 276002, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huan
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Linshu County, Linshu 276700, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Jinlong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Ophthalmology, Linyi People's Hospital of Shandong University, Linyi 276003, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Haitao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D000496:Alloxan / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008112:Liver Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D007529:Isoflavones; D008112:Liver Glycogen; C007768:formononetin; D000496:Alloxan; D005934:Glucagon
keywords: Formononetin; anti-hyperglycemic activity; glycolysis; insulin secretion; islet B cell apoptosis and regeneration; type 1 diabetes