title: User testing as a method for identifying how consumers say they would act on information related to over-the-counter medicines.
abstract: User testing evaluates written medicine information (WMI) usability by examining participants' ability to find and understand information. It can also be an effective method to determine how consumers say they will act on information on an over-the-counter (OTC) label.
  
  
  
  To examine consumers' proposed behaviors regarding dosage and storage as a measure of a medicine label's usability and consumers' functional health literacy.
  
  
  
  User testing of 5 diclofenac OTC labels (by 50 subjects; 10 per label) measured consumers' ability to find and understand key points of information using a 13-item questionnaire. Consumers were required to elaborate on their behavior in regard to 2 additional questions: 1) when they would take diclofenac if they had constant back pain from 8 am (dosage-related) and; 2) where they would store it in their home (storage-related). Responses were transcribed verbatim, and coded by 2 pharmacists.
  
  
  
  Appropriate dosing for constant back pain was reported by 29 consumers. However, dosing intervals shorter than the specified 8 h were often reported (n = 19), due to adjusting intervals to accommodate up to the maximum of 8 tablets in 24 h, desire for pain relief, and/or pragmatic dosing (e.g. around bedtime). Only 29 consumers stated completely appropriate storage location examples (e.g. medicine cabinet).
  
  
  
  Consumers may act inappropriately on OTC label information about dosage and/or storage, which could potentially adversely impact medication use. User testing can contribute to the development of high quality WMI and help identify where label wordings are inappropriate for the health literacy levels of consumers.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Pharmacy and Bank Building (A15), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Electronic address: vivien.tong@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Vivien
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, Baines Wing, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
authors.forename: David K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Raynor
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Pharmacy and Bank Building (A15), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Parisa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aslani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001416:Back Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D032882:Comprehension; D003258:Consumer Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004348:Drug Labeling; D004356:Drug Storage; D005260:Female; D057220:Health Literacy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000458:organization & administration; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs; D004008:Diclofenac
keywords: Drug labeling; Health literacy; Non-prescription drugs; Self-management; User testing