title: Micro and nanotechnologies in heart valve tissue engineering.
abstract: Due to the increased morbidity and mortality resulting from heart valve diseases, there is a growing demand for off-the-shelf implantable tissue engineered heart valves (TEHVs). Despite the significant progress in recent years in improving the design and performance of TEHV constructs, viable and functional human implantable TEHV constructs have remained elusive. The recent advances in micro and nanoscale technologies including the microfabrication, nano-microfiber based scaffolds preparation, 3D cell encapsulated hydrogels preparation, microfluidic, micro-bioreactors, nano-microscale biosensors as well as the computational methods and models for simulation of biological tissues have increased the potential for realizing viable, functional and implantable TEHV constructs. In this review, we aim to present an overview of the importance and recent advances in micro and nano-scale technologies for the development of TEHV constructs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Electronic address: ahasan@qu.edu.qa.
authors.forename: Anwarul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saliba
authors.affiliation: BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Center for BioEngineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, 208A Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-1762, USA.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pezeshgi Modarres
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, 208A Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-1762, USA.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bakhaty
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nasajpour
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, 208A Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-1762, USA; Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Mohammad R K
authors.initials: MRK
authors.lastname: Mofrad
authors.affiliation: BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Center for BioEngineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada. Electronic address: amir.sanatinezhad@ucalgary.ca.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sanati-Nezhad
mesh_terms: D021522:Bioartificial Organs; D004867:Equipment Design; D006351:Heart Valves / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development*; D006801:Humans; D056656:Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; D008297:Male; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
keywords: Heart valves; Hydrogels; Microtechnologies; Nanotechnologies; Scaffolds; Tissue engineering