title: Increased plasma levels of epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide 78/CXCL5 during the remission of Neuromyelitis optica.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In neuromyelitis optica (NMO), one of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms is the formation of antigen-antibody complexes which can trigger an inflammatory response by inducing the infiltration of neutrophils in lesions. Epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide 78 (ENA 78), known as Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5 (CXCL5), belongs to the ELR-CXCL family. It recruits and activates neutrophils. The aim of this study was to evaluate ENA 78, IL-1β and TNF-α plasma levels in multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  ENA 78, IL-1β and TNF-α plasma levels were detected in 20 healthy controls (HC), 25 MS and 25 NMO patients using MILLIPLEX® map Human High Sensitivity Cytokine/Chemokine Panels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma levels of ENA 78 were significantly higher in NMO patients than in HC (P < 0.001) and MS patients (P < 0.05). The NMO patients showed higher plasma levels of IL-1β compared with HC (P < 0.01). Further, increased plasma levels of TNF-α were found in the MS (P < 0.05) and NMO patients (P < 0.001). In addition, NMO patients had higher Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores compared with MS patients (P < 0.05). EDSS scores were correlated with plasma levels of ENA 78 in NMO patients (P < 0.05). There were no significant correlations between EDSS scores and plasma levels of ENA 78 in MS patients (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α during the remission of NMO activates ENA 78, which in turn leads to neutrophil infiltration in lesions. ENA 78 plasma levels were correlated with EDSS scores in NMO patients. Elevated secretion of ENA 78 may be a critical step in neutrophil recruitment during the remission of NMO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Hiser Medical Center of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266034, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Su
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of oncology, Guang An Men Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China.|School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mingyan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zongpan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China. yongpingf@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Yongping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D054365:Chemokine CXCL5 / Q000097:blood*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D009471:Neuromyelitis Optica / Q000097:blood*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C486263:CXCL5 protein, human; D054365:Chemokine CXCL5; D016207:Cytokines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: Epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide 78; Interleukin 1β; Neuromyelitis optica; Tumor necrosis factor α