title: Genetic, hormonal and metabolic aspects of PCOS: an update.
abstract: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder affecting 5-10 % of women of reproductive age. It generally manifests with oligo/anovulatory cycles, hirsutism and polycystic ovaries, together with a considerable prevalence of insulin resistance. Although the aetiology of the syndrome is not completely understood yet, PCOS is considered a multifactorial disorder with various genetic, endocrine and environmental abnormalities. Moreover, PCOS patients have a higher risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and their related morbidity, if compared to the general population.
authors.affiliation: Department Molecular Medicine and Development, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci, 53100, Siena, Italy. vincenzo.deleo@unisi.it.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: De Leo
authors.affiliation: Department Molecular Medicine and Development, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci, 53100, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Musacchio
authors.affiliation: Department Molecular Medicine and Development, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci, 53100, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cappelli
authors.affiliation: Department Molecular Medicine and Development, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci, 53100, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Massaro
authors.affiliation: Department Molecular Medicine and Development, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci, 53100, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morgante
authors.affiliation: Department Molecular Medicine and Development, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci, 53100, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petraglia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006628:Hirsutism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017588:Hyperandrogenism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones
keywords: Genetic; Hyperandrogenism; Infertility; Insulin-resistance; Metformin; Myo-inositol; Oral contraceptives; PCOS