title: Hepatitis C Is Poorly Associated With Drug Use in Cambodian Americans in Lowell, Massachusetts.
abstract: Background.  Hepatitis C (HCV) is the most common chronic blood-borne infection in the United States and affects Asian and non-Asian Americans comparably. Injection drug use, the most common national transmission risk, is not as prevalent in Asian-Americans, but prior studies do not include many Cambodian Americans. Lowell, Massachusetts has the second largest population of Cambodian Americans, allowing a direct comparison of HCV-infected Cambodian and non-Cambodian Americans not previously done. Improving our understanding of HCV risks in this unique community may improve their linkage to care. Methods.  In this cross-sectional study, medical data were collected regarding HCV risk factors for HCV-infected Cambodian and non-Cambodian Americans seen at Lowell Community Health Center from 2009 to 2012. Results.  Cambodian Americans (n = 128) were older (mean age 53 vs 43 years old) and less likely to be male (41% vs 67%, P < .001) compared with non-Cambodians (n = 541). Cambodians had lower rates of injection drug use (1.6% vs 33.6%, P < .001) and any drug use (2.3% vs 82.1%, P < .001). More Cambodians were born between 1945 and 1965 (66.4% vs 44.5%). Within this birth cohort, more Cambodians had no other risk factor (82% vs 69%, P = .02). Fewer Cambodians had chronic HCV (53% vs 74%, P < .001). Conclusions.  Birth between 1945 and 1965 was the major HCV risk factor for Cambodian Americans. Cambodians had lower rates of injection drug use or any drug use history. Risk behavior screening fails to describe HCV transmission for Cambodian Americans and creates a barrier to their linkage to care.
authors.affiliation: Lowell Community Health Center.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Boston University School of Public Health; Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts; Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Allen L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Gifford
authors.affiliation: Boston University School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Cindy L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.affiliation: Boston University School of Public Health; Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts; Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Mari-Lynn
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Drainoni
keywords: Cambodian; Lowell; hepatitis C; risk factors; virus