title: Electrochemical detection of uric acid via uricase-immobilized graphene oxide.
abstract: Measurement of the uric acid level in the body can be improved by biosensing with respect to the accuracy, sensitivity and time consumption. This study has reported the immobilization of uricase onto graphene oxide (GO) and its function for electrochemical detection of uric acid. Through chemical modification of GO using 1-ethyl-3-(dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (NHS) as cross-linking reagents, the enzyme activity of the immobilized uricase was much comparable to the free enzyme with 88% of the activity retained. The modified GO-uricase (GOU) was then subjected to electrocatalytic detection of uric acid (UA) via cyclic voltammetry (CV). For that reason, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified by adhering the GO along with the immobilized uricase to facilitate the redox reaction between the enzyme and the substrate. The modified GOU/GCE outperformed a bare electrode through the electrocatalytic activity with an amplified electrical signal for the detection of UA. The electrocatalytic response showed a linear dependence on the UA concentration ranging from 0.02 to 0.49 mM with a detection limit of 3.45 μM at 3σ/m. The resulting biosensor also exhibited a high selectivity towards UA in the presence of other interference as well as good reproducibility.
authors.affiliation: Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Muhamad Nadzmi
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Omar
authors.affiliation: Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Abu Bakar
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Salleh
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Functional Device Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hong Ngee
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Electronic address: asilah_at@upm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Asilah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmad Tajudin
mesh_terms: D001173:Arthrobacter / Q000201:enzymology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D006108:Graphite; D014503:Urate Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry*; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D014527:Uric Acid; D006108:Graphite; D014503:Urate Oxidase
keywords: Electrocatalytic detection; GO; Immobilization; Redox reaction; Uric acid; Uricase