title: Attenuated total reflection fourier transform infrared spectroscopy towards disclosing mechanism of bacterial adhesion on thermally stabilized titanium nano-interfaces.
abstract: Titanium is widely used as medical implant material and as condenser material in the nuclear industry where its integrity is questioned due to its susceptibility to bacterial adhesion. A systematic investigation on the influence of thermally (50-800 °C) stabilized titanium (TS-Ti) nano oxide towards bacterial adhesion was carried out. The results showed that below 350 °C significant bacterio-phobicity was observed, while above 500 °C significant affinity towards bacterial cells was recorded. Conventional characterization tools such as HR-TEM and XRD did not provide much insight on the changes occurring on the oxide film with heat treatment, however, attenuated total reflection fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) of the surface showed significant changes in the spectral pattern as a function of increasing heat treatment. It was observed that elevated OH, N-H and C=O groups and rutile titania on the TS-Ti oxide films led to higher affinity for bacterial adhesion. On the other hand low temperature TS-Ti nanooxide films (<350 °C) showed high C-H groups and decreased OH groups on their surface, which possibly contributed towards their bacterio-phobicity. The TS-Ti nanooxide film grown at 50 °C was observed to be the most efficient anti-bacterial adhesion interface, while the 800 °C interface was the one showing highest affinity towards bacterial adhesion. This study confirms the successful application of ATR-FTIR technique for nano-oxide film characterization and towards understanding the variations in bacterial interaction of such nano interfaces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gopal
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Sechul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600036, India. mukeshd@iitm.ac.in.
authors.forename: Mukesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doble
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008422:Materials Testing; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D010087:Oxides; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium