title: Synergistic Effects of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Mexican Seaweeds against Measles Virus.
abstract: Sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) extracted from five seaweed samples collected or cultivated in Mexico (Macrocystis pyrifera, Eisenia arborea, Pelvetia compressa, Ulva intestinalis, and Solieria filiformis) were tested in this study in order to evaluate their effect on measles virus in vitro. All polysaccharides showed antiviral activity (as measured by the reduction of syncytia formation) and low cytotoxicity (MTT assay) at inhibitory concentrations. SPs from Eisenia arborea and Solieria filiformis showed the highest antiviral activities (confirmed by qPCR) and were selected to determine their combined effect. Their synergistic effect was observed at low concentrations (0.0274 μg/mL and 0.011 μg/mL of E. arborea and S. filiformis SPs, resp.), which exhibited by far a higher inhibitory effect (96% syncytia reduction) in comparison to the individual SP effects (50% inhibition with 0.275 μg/mL and 0.985 μg/mL of E. arborea and S. filiformis, resp.). Time of addition experiments and viral penetration assays suggest that best activities of these SPs occur at different stages of infection. The synergistic effect would allow reducing the treatment dose and toxicity and minimizing or delaying the induction of antiviral resistance; sulfated polysaccharides of the tested seaweed species thus appear as promising candidates for the development of natural antiviral agents.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Karla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morán-Santibañez
authors.affiliation: Programa Maricultura, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Lucia Elizabeth
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Cruz-Suárez
authors.affiliation: Programa Maricultura, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ricque-Marie
authors.affiliation: Cinvestav Unidad Mérida, Km 6 Carretera Antigua a Progreso, Cordemex, AP 73, 97310 Mérida, YUC, Mexico.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Robledo
authors.affiliation: Cinvestav Unidad Mérida, Km 6 Carretera Antigua a Progreso, Cordemex, AP 73, 97310 Mérida, YUC, Mexico.
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Freile-Pelegrín
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Mario A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Peña-Hernández
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Padilla
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Laura M
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5948-5880
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Trejo-Avila
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D008457:Measles / Q000188:drug therapy; D008459:Measles virus / Q000187:drug effects*; D008800:Mexico; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012624:Seaweed / Q000737:chemistry*; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011134:Polysaccharides