title: Immune response in human chromoblastomycosis and eumycetoma - focusing on human interleukin-17A, interferon-gamma, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta and human beta-defensin-2.
abstract: Knowledge regarding host immune response to chromoblastomycosis and eumycetoma is limited, particularly concerning cytokines and antimicrobial peptides production. This was a retrospective study of 12 paraffin-embedded tissue samples from patients diagnosed with chromoblastomycosis or eumycetoma from histological findings and tissue culture. DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from tissues were done to evaluate human interleukin-17A (IL-17A), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and human beta-defensin-2 (HBD-2) expressions. Human beta-actin primer was used for confirming DNA detection, and DNA extracted from psoriasis lesional skin samples was used as positive controls. The twelve paraffin-embedded sections used in this study consisted of five chromoblastomycosis and seven eumycetoma tissues. All PCR reactions showed beta-actin band at 51 bp in all clinical specimens, confirming adequate DNA levels in each reaction. As positive control, the psoriasis skin samples revealed bands for IL-17A at 174 bp, IFN-γ at 273 bp, TNF-α at 360 bp, IL-1β at 276 bp and HBD-2 at 255 bp. For the chromoblastomycosis and eumycetoma tissues, PCR analyses showed IL-17A band at 174 bp in two eumycetoma tissues and HBD-2 band at 255 bp in a chromoblastomycosis tissue. This study demonstrated IL-17A expression in human eumycetoma and HBD-2 expression in human chromoblastomycosis for the first time. However, their role in immune response remains to be elucidated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.|Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Charussri
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leeyaphan
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Carren
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hau
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shintaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takeoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yayoi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sumanas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bunyaratavej
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Penvadee
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pattanaprichakul
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Panitta
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sitthinamsuwan
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Angkana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaiprasert
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasajima
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Space and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Makimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002862:Chromoblastomycosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008271:Mycetoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: C508717:IL17A protein, human; D020381:Interleukin-17; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: Chromoblastomycosis; IL-17; eumycetoma; human beta-defensin; immune response