title: Multigenerational effect of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on the individual fitness and population growth of Daphnia magna.
abstract: We investigated the multigenerational effect of PFOS to individual fitness (e.g., body weight, acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S-transferase) and population growth (e.g., offspring number and time to first brood) of Daphnia magna during continuous and discontinuous exposures. The intrinsic rate of population growth was also calculated. In the continuous exposure, population growth-related adverse effects were detected during all test periods, and the adverse effect tended to be weaker in later generations. On the other hand, individual fitness-related adverse effects were observed from F1 not in F0 and deteriorated as the generation number increased. These results imply that individual fitness worsens although the population growth is restored in later generations. Upon discontinuous exposure, a few but significant adverse effects were observed during the non-exposure period and highest effects were detected during the re-exposure period. This encourages the study of different exposure scenarios, which may result in unexpected and higher PFOS toxicity. Consequently, this study confirms adverse effects of PFOS to Daphnia magna in multigenerational period and supports reasons for studies linking individual fitness changes to population dynamics and covering diverse exposure scenarios to evaluate the risk of PFOS in a water environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Yong
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Ewha-Solvay Research and Innovation Center, 150 Bukahyun-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-140, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Su
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Yuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, 20 Changwondaehak-ro, Uichang-gu, Changwon-si 641-773, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Junho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: sdkim@gist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sang Don
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects*; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D056084:Genetic Fitness / Q000187:drug effects*; D011158:Population Growth; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
keywords: Daphnia magna; Individual fitness; Multigenerational effect; PFOS; Population growth