title: Oxidative stress and hemoglobin-cholesterol adduct in renal patients with different LDL phenotypes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Unfavorable lipid profile is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease in renal pathology. In this study, we compared chronic renal patients and healthy controls with different LDL phenotypes (A or B) in respect of various biochemical parameters related to cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oxidative stress and anti-oxidative defense parameters [thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS), total oxidative status (TOS), total anti-oxidative status (TAS), total protein sulfhydryl (-SH) groups], as well as red blood cell cholesterol distribution were assessed in 40 renal patients and 40 control subjects by standardized assays. LDL particle diameters were determined by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. LDL particles are subdivided according to their size into large LDL A phenotype (diameter >25.5 nm) and small LDL B phenotype (diameter ≤25.5 nm).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Renal patients with LDL A phenotype had increased oxidative stress (TOS: p < 0.01, and TBARS: p < 0.001) and decreased total SH- groups (p < 0.001) compared to controls with the same LDL phenotype. A notable decrease in hemoglobin-cholesterol adduct was detected in patients with LDL A phenotype (p < 0.001) and LDL B phenotype (p < 0.05) compared with appropriate controls. LDL B phenotype was characterized with increased TBARS (p < 0.05) compared with LDL A phenotype in control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased oxidative stress, decreased anti-oxidative defense followed with unfavorable changes in hemoglobin-cholesterol binding capacity, could have important influence on cardiovascular disease risk in renal patients regardless of LDL phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, P. Box 146, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia. milicammiljkovic@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Milica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miljkovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, P. Box 146, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kotur-Stevuljevic
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, P. Box 146, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stefanovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, P. Box 146, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zeljkovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, P. Box 146, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vekic
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, P. Box 146, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gojkovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, P. Box 146, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Natasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bogavac-Stanojevic
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nikolic
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Nephrology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Sanja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Simic-Ogrizovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, P. Box 146, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Spasojevic-Kalimanovska
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, P. Box 146, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Zorana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jelic-Ivanovic
mesh_terms: D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010641:Phenotype; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; C486489:COG1 protein, human; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006454:Hemoglobins; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances
keywords: Anti-oxidative defense; Hemoglobin–cholesterol adduct; LDL particles; Oxidative stress; Red blood cell membrane cholesterol