title: Characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of severe sepsis of 3195 ICU-treated adult patients throughout Japan during 2011-2013.
abstract: Severe sepsis is a major concern in the intensive care unit (ICU), although there is very little epidemiological information regarding severe sepsis in Japan. This study evaluated 3195 patients with severe sepsis in 42 ICUs throughout Japan. The patients with severe sepsis had a mean age of 70 ± 15 years and a mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score of 23 ± 9. The estimated survival rates at 28 and 90 days after ICU admission were 73.6 and 56.3 %, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14W5 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648 Japan.
authors.forename: Mineji
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinjiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigehiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uchino
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuma
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamakawa
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan ; Department of Critical Care, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iizuka
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Masamitsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanui
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mayumi
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Acute Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Azuhata
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Ohta General Hospital Foundation, Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital, Koriyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumihito
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Department, JA Hiroshima General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Shodai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshihiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsura
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, Advanced Medical Emergency Department and Critical Care Center, Japan Red Cross Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogura
authors.affiliation: Emergency and Critical Care Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiichiro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Emergency Department, Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital, Kasama, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sekine
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.affiliation: Division of Intensive Care, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Motohiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sekino
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kyoto Daiichi Red Cross Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Saiseikai Yokohamasi Tobu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tampo
authors.affiliation: Shock and Trauma Center, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Emergency Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitai
authors.affiliation: Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Asahikawa Red Cross Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Iwao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Matsunaga
authors.affiliation: Advanced Critical Care Center, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Sho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nachi
authors.affiliation: Emergency and Critical Care Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miike
authors.affiliation: The Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Steel Memorial Muroran Hospital, Muroran, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuhei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takauji
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency Medicine, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Japan.
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Umakoshi
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Tomishiro Central Hospital, Tomishiro, Japan.
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Todaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Akashi City Hospital, Akashi, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kodaira
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Sendai City Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Kohkichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Andoh
authors.affiliation: Emergency Department, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, Hakodate, Japan.
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kasai
authors.affiliation: Emergency and Critical Care Center, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwashita
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan.
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamane
authors.affiliation: Emergency and Critical Care Center, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shiga
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hori
keywords: Acute kidney injury; Acute respiratory failure; Disseminated intravascular coagulation; Epidemiology; Mortality; Organ failure; Septic shock; Severe sepsis