title: Abdominal obesity is a risk factor for dysexecutive function in chronic kidney disease.
abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the metabolic syndrome and its components on dysexecutive function (DF) in individuals with and without CKD. Among 588 participants aged over 70 from the Einstein Aging Study (EAS), we defined DF as performance of 2SDs below the mean on any one test or 1.5SDs below the mean on any two of the following: Block Design, Digit Symbol Coding and the Trail-making Tests A and B. We defined CKD as an eGFR below 60 mL/min/m(2). MetS was defined according to recent guidelines from the National Cholesterol Education Program. 149 participants had CKD at cross-section, 16.1% of which also showed DF. Of the 439 participants without CKD, 12.3% displayed DF. Abdominal obesity as measured by waist circumference, was an independent risk factor for dysexecutive function in CKD (OR = 14.3, 95%CI = 2.21-91.93, p = 0.005) but not in non-CKD. None of the other MetS components were associated with DF. Results suggested that abdominal obesity, recognized as an integral part of the MetS, is a strong risk factor for DF in individuals with CKD.
authors.affiliation: Saul B. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States; Einstein Aging Study, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Andrea R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Zammit
authors.affiliation: Saul B. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States; Einstein Aging Study, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Mindy J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.affiliation: Saul B. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States; Einstein Aging Study, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Derby
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, MI, United States.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bitzer
authors.affiliation: Saul B. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Lipton
keywords: Abdominal obesity; Chronic kidney disease; Dysexecutive function; Metabolic syndrome