title: Anthelmintic efficacy of aqueous extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. seeds against Haemonchus contortus of small ruminants.
abstract: Haemonchus contortus infection is the major hurdle in growth and productivity in small ruminants especially in tropical countries. Indiscriminate and long term use of currently available chemotherapeutic agents lead to development of resistance in microorganisms and residual problems in population. Therefore, present study was undertaken to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of aqueous extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. seeds against adult H. contortus worms of small ruminants. Proximate analysis of seed powder shows high crude protein, Cu, Zn and Ca concentration. Phytochemical ingredients of extract revealed high total phenolic, flavonoids and tannin contents. In vitro experimental trial revealed complete mortality of H. contortus worms at the concentration of 100 mg/ml at the time exposure of 8 h. At 50 mg/ml concentration the mortality at 6 and 8 h were 45.45 ± 4.55 and 63.64 ± 4.54 %. Median lethal concentration (LC50) at 6 and 8 h were 59.90 and 28.92 mg/ml, respectively. Levamisole at concentration of 0.5 mg/ml caused 50 % mortality at 2 h post exposure and 100 % mortality at 4 h post exposure. The results confirm the cidal effect of the aqueous extract of Z. armatum DC. seeds on adult H. contortus worms.
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, R S Pura, 181102 Jammu & Kashmir India.
authors.forename: Gagandeep
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, R S Pura, 181102 Jammu & Kashmir India.
authors.forename: Rajeev
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, R S Pura, 181102 Jammu & Kashmir India.
authors.forename: Pawan Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, R S Pura, 181102 Jammu & Kashmir India.
authors.forename: Rajiv
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, R S Pura, 181102 Jammu & Kashmir India.
authors.forename: Atul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anand
keywords: Anthelmintic; Haemonchus contortus; Phytochemistry; Zanthoxylum armatum