title: Effects of a DVD-delivered exercise program on patterns of sedentary behavior in older adults: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the present study, we examined the influence of a home-based, DVD-delivered exercise intervention on daily sedentary time and breaks in sedentary time in older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2010 and 2012, older adults (i.e., aged 65 or older) residing in Illinois (N = 307) were randomized into a 6-month home-based, DVD-delivered exercise program (i.e., FlexToBa; FTB) or a waitlist control. Participants completed measurements prior to the first week (baseline), following the intervention period (month 6), and after a 6 month no-contact follow-up (month 12). Sedentary behavior was measured objectively using accelerometers for 7 consecutive days at each time point. Differences in daily sedentary time and breaks between groups and across the three time points were examined using mixed-factor analysis of variance (mixed ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mixed ANOVA models revealed that daily minutes of sedentary time did not differ by group or time. The FTB condition, however, demonstrated a greater number of daily breaks in sedentary time relative to the control condition (p = .02). ANCOVA models revealed a non-significant effect favoring FTB at month 6, and a significant difference between groups at month 12 (p = .02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While overall sedentary time did not differ between groups, the DVD-delivered exercise intervention was effective for maintaining a greater number of breaks when compared with the control condition. Given the accumulating evidence emphasizing the importance of breaking up sedentary time, these findings have important implications for the design of future health behavior interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 906 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fanning
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 906 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 906 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Awick
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Science, Bellarmine University, 2001 Newburg Road, Louiseville, KY 40205, United States.
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Wójcicki
authors.affiliation: College of Education, Wayne State University, 5425 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI 48202, United States.
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Gothe
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 906 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 906 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Ehlers
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 906 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Motl
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 906 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McAuley
keywords: ANCOVA, Analysis of covariance; ANOVA, Analysis of variance; Aging; Exercise; FTB, FlexToBa; Health behavior; Interventions; MVPA, Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; Physical activity; Sedentary behavior