title: A parametric ribcage geometry model accounting for variations among the adult population.
abstract: The objective of this study is to develop a parametric ribcage model that can account for morphological variations among the adult population. Ribcage geometries, including 12 pair of ribs, sternum, and thoracic spine, were collected from CT scans of 101 adult subjects through image segmentation, landmark identification (1016 for each subject), symmetry adjustment, and template mesh mapping (26,180 elements for each subject). Generalized procrustes analysis (GPA), principal component analysis (PCA), and regression analysis were used to develop a parametric ribcage model, which can predict nodal locations of the template mesh according to age, sex, height, and body mass index (BMI). Two regression models, a quadratic model for estimating the ribcage size and a linear model for estimating the ribcage shape, were developed. The results showed that the ribcage size was dominated by the height (p=0.000) and age-sex-interaction (p=0.007) and the ribcage shape was significantly affected by the age (p=0.0005), sex (p=0.0002), height (p=0.0064) and BMI (p=0.0000). Along with proper assignment of cortical bone thickness, material properties and failure properties, this parametric ribcage model can directly serve as the mesh of finite element ribcage models for quantifying effects of human characteristics on thoracic injury risks.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Yulong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Libo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Zhonghao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Ergonomics, Industrial and Operations Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Rupp
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Carrie N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Hoff
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Electronic address: jwhu@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Jingwen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D000070602:Rib Cage / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adult population; Human characteristics; Morphological variation; Parametric model; Ribcage