title: Neuromechanical interactions between the limbs during human locomotion: an evolutionary perspective with translation to rehabilitation.
abstract: During bipedal locomotor activities, humans use elements of quadrupedal neuronal limb control. Evolutionary constraints can help inform the historical ancestry for preservation of these core control elements support transfer of the huge body of quadrupedal non-human animal literature to human rehabilitation. In particular, this has translational applications for neurological rehabilitation after neurotrauma where interlimb coordination is lost or compromised. The present state of the field supports including arm activity in addition to leg activity as a component of gait retraining after neurotrauma.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Victoria, PO Box 3010 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, Canada, V8W 3P1. pzehr@uvic.ca.|Human Discovery Science, International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, BC, Canada. pzehr@uvic.ca.|Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. pzehr@uvic.ca.|Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. pzehr@uvic.ca.
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Zehr
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Victoria, PO Box 3010 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, Canada, V8W 3P1.|Human Discovery Science, International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, BC, Canada.|Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Trevor S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Barss
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Victoria, PO Box 3010 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, Canada, V8W 3P1.
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dragert
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology-physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frigon
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, SUNY Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Erin V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Vasudevan
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Victoria, PO Box 3010 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, Canada, V8W 3P1.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haridas
authors.affiliation: Human Discovery Science, International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, BC, Canada.|Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.|Motion and Mobility Rehabilitation Laboratory, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hundza
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Victoria, PO Box 3010 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, Canada, V8W 3P1.|Human Discovery Science, International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, BC, Canada.|Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Chelsea
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kaupp
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Victoria, PO Box 3010 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, Canada, V8W 3P1.|Human Discovery Science, International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, BC, Canada.|Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Taryn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Klarner
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.|Motion and Mobility Rehabilitation Laboratory, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klimstra
authors.affiliation: Division of Sports and Health Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.|The United Graduate School of Education, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Komiyama
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Victoria, PO Box 3010 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, Canada, V8W 3P1.|Human Discovery Science, International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, BC, Canada.|Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Pamela M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Loadman
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Signal Processing and Motor Control, College of Physical Education, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Brasília, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rinaldo A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mezzarane
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Physiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Victoria, PO Box 3010 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, Canada, V8W 3P1.|Human Discovery Science, International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, BC, Canada.|Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Gregory E P
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Pearcey
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Victoria, PO Box 3010 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, Canada, V8W 3P1.|Human Discovery Science, International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, BC, Canada.|Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D005121:Extremities / Q000502:physiology*; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008124:Locomotion / Q000502:physiology*; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical
keywords: CNS; Evolution; Neuroscience; Primate; Reflex; Rehabilitation; Walking