title: Automated facial recognition and candidate list rank change of computer generated facial approximations generated with multiple eye orb positions.
abstract: Expanding on research previously reported by the authors, this study further examines the recognizability of ReFace facial approximations generated with the following eye orb positions: (i) centrally within the bony eye socket, (ii) 1.0mm superior and 2.0mm lateral relative to center, and (iii) 1.0mm superior and 2.5mm lateral relative to center. Overall, 81% of the test subjects' approximation ranks improved with the use of either of the two supero-lateral eye orbs. Highly significant performance differences (p<0.01) were observed between the approximations with centrally positioned eye orbs (i) and approximations with the eye orbs placed in the supero-laterally positions (ii and iii). Noteworthy was the observation that in all cases when the best rank for an approximation was obtained with the eye orbs in position (iii), the second best rank was achieved with the eye orbs in position (ii). A similar pattern was also observed when the best rank was obtained with the eye orbs in position (ii), with 60% of the second best ranks observed in position (iii). It is argued, therefore, that an approximation constructed with the eye orbs placed in either of the two supero-lateral positions may be more effective and operationally informative than centrally positioned orbs.
authors.affiliation: Counterterrorism and Forensic Science Research Unit, Visiting Scientist Program, FBI Laboratory Division, 2501 Investigation Parkway, Quantico, VA 22135, United States.
authors.forename: Connie L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Parks
authors.affiliation: Counterterrorism and Forensic Science Research Unit, FBI Laboratory Division, 2501 Investigation Parkway, Quantico, VA 22135, United States. Electronic address: Keith.Monson@ic.fbi.gov.
authors.forename: Keith L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Monson
mesh_terms: D056667:Biometric Identification / Q000592:standards*; D003201:Computers; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D018732:Forensic Anthropology / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009915:Orbit / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D013048:Specimen Handling
keywords: Biometrics; Facial approximation; Facial recognition; Forensic anthropology; Missing persons; Unidentified decedents