title: Decreased TGF-β1 and VEGF Release in Cystic Fibrosis Platelets: Further Evidence for Platelet Defects in Cystic Fibrosis.
abstract: Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients suffer from chronic lung inflammation. This inflammation may activate platelets. There are limited data on the role of platelet-secreted cytokines in CF. Platelet cytokines with inflammatory effects include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). As levels of these cytokines are tenfold greater in serum than plasma due to platelet release, serum levels may be one index of platelet content, but a more specific index is release during the aggregation of isolated platelets. We postulated that altered release of these platelet cytokines occurs in CF.
  
  
  
  We obtained sera and plasma from CF outpatients (n = 21) and from healthy controls (n = 20), measured VEGF and TGF-β1, assessed for correlations with platelet number, analyzed cytokine release during platelet aggregation to collagen, and analyzed differences in maximal platelet aggregation.
  
  
  
  Platelet number and maximal aggregation levels were higher in CF. Plasma and serum levels of TGF-β1 and VEGF were higher in CF, but these levels were similar after adjusting for platelet number (serum cytokines correlated with platelet count). The release of VEGF and TGF-β1 during aggregation was decreased in CF platelets (by 52 and 29 %, respectively).
  
  
  
  Platelet release is not a source of the elevated blood proinflammatory cytokines TGF-β1 and VEGF in CF, as platelets from CF patients actually release less of these cytokines. These data provide further evidence for platelet defects in CF.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, 12700 East 19th Avenue, C-272, Aurora, Denver, CO, 80045, USA. james.maloney@ucdenver.edu.
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Maloney
authors.affiliation: Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Jayashree
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Narasimhan
authors.affiliation: The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Biller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010949:Plasma / Q000378:metabolism*; D010974:Platelet Aggregation; D010976:Platelet Count; D044967:Serum / Q000378:metabolism*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000097:blood*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
keywords: Cystic fibrosis; Platelet aggregation; Platelets; Transforming growth factor-β; Vascular endothelial growth factor