title: Analysis of the body composition of Paralympic athletes: Comparison of two methods.
abstract: Body composition is a physiological variable associated with physical activity and, in some cases, is related to athletic performance. Our objectives were to describe the body composition of participants in three distinct Paralympic sports and to compare the values of body density and estimated body fat obtained from the Paralympic athletes on the National Team by air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) and by the anthropometric method (skinfolds (SFs)). The sample consisted of 70 volunteers of both genders. The body composition of the volunteers was evaluated using the ADP in a Bod Pod(®) and seven SFs. There were no significant differences between the values obtained by ADP and SF for body fat percentage (p = .58) and body density (p = .49). Analysis by Bland-Altman plots showed mean differences of 0.56 ± 4.94 (-9.12-10.23) and -0.0017 ± 0.0113 (-0.024-0.020) for body fat percentage and body density, respectively. In conclusion, body composition analyses of Paralympic athletes by the ADP and SF methods show similar results, and ADP should be used as the first option when available. When the use of ADP is not possible, estimating body density and fat percentage by SF is a viable alternative for Paralympic athletes when future comparisons will use the same analysis method.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychobiology , UNIFESP , São Paulo , SP , Brazil.|b Centre for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies (Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercício - CEPE) , São Paulo , State of São Paulo-SP , Brazil.
authors.forename: Valdir De Aquino
authors.initials: Vde A
authors.lastname: Lemos
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychobiology , UNIFESP , São Paulo , SP , Brazil.|b Centre for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies (Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercício - CEPE) , São Paulo , State of São Paulo-SP , Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo Da Silva
authors.initials: Eda S
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: c Department of Nutrition , University of Pernambuco (Universidade de Pernambuco - UPE) , Petrolina , State of Pernambuco-PE , Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Adriano
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Schwingel
authors.affiliation: b Centre for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies (Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercício - CEPE) , São Paulo , State of São Paulo-SP , Brazil.|d Sports Department , Federal University of Minas Gerais (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , State of Minas Gerais-MG , Brazil.
authors.forename: João Paulo Pereira
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.affiliation: b Centre for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies (Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercício - CEPE) , São Paulo , State of São Paulo-SP , Brazil.|d Sports Department , Federal University of Minas Gerais (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , State of Minas Gerais-MG , Brazil.|e Brazilian Paralympic Committee (Comitê Paralímpico Brasileiro - CPB) , Brasília , Federal District , Brazil.
authors.forename: Andressa Da
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: e Brazilian Paralympic Committee (Comitê Paralímpico Brasileiro - CPB) , Brasília , Federal District , Brazil.
authors.forename: Ciro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Winckler
authors.affiliation: e Brazilian Paralympic Committee (Comitê Paralímpico Brasileiro - CPB) , Brasília , Federal District , Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vital
authors.affiliation: f Department of Physiology , UNIFESP , São Paulo , SP , Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre Aparecido
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: De Almeida
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychobiology , UNIFESP , São Paulo , SP , Brazil.|b Centre for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies (Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercício - CEPE) , São Paulo , State of São Paulo-SP , Brazil.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tufik
authors.affiliation: b Centre for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies (Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercício - CEPE) , São Paulo , State of São Paulo-SP , Brazil.|d Sports Department , Federal University of Minas Gerais (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , State of Minas Gerais-MG , Brazil.|e Brazilian Paralympic Committee (Comitê Paralímpico Brasileiro - CPB) , Brasília , Federal District , Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco Túlio
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: De Mello
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods*; D056352:Athletes; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010991:Plethysmography; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D013177:Sports / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D064846:Sports for Persons with Disabilities / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Body composition; Paralympic athletes; body composition analysis methods; physical training