title: Comprehensive cellular-resolution atlas of the adult human brain.
abstract: Detailed anatomical understanding of the human brain is essential for unraveling its functional architecture, yet current reference atlases have major limitations such as lack of whole-brain coverage, relatively low image resolution, and sparse structural annotation. We present the first digital human brain atlas to incorporate neuroimaging, high-resolution histology, and chemoarchitecture across a complete adult female brain, consisting of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and 1,356 large-format cellular resolution (1 µm/pixel) Nissl and immunohistochemistry anatomical plates. The atlas is comprehensively annotated for 862 structures, including 117 white matter tracts and several novel cyto- and chemoarchitecturally defined structures, and these annotations were transferred onto the matching MRI dataset. Neocortical delineations were done for sulci, gyri, and modified Brodmann areas to link macroscopic anatomical and microscopic cytoarchitectural parcellations. Correlated neuroimaging and histological structural delineation allowed fine feature identification in MRI data and subsequent structural identification in MRI data from other brains. This interactive online digital atlas is integrated with existing Allen Institute for Brain Science gene expression atlases and is publicly accessible as a resource for the neuroscience community. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:3127-3481, 2016. © 2016 The Authors The Journal of Comparative Neurology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109. songd@alleninstitute.org.
authors.forename: Song-Lin
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109.
authors.forename: Joshua J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Royall
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109.
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sunkin
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109.
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109.
authors.forename: Benjamin A C
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Facer
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109.
authors.forename: Phil
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lesnar
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109.
authors.forename: Angie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guillozet-Bongaarts
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109.
authors.forename: Bergen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McMurray
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109.
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szafer
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109.
authors.forename: Tim A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Dolbeare
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129.
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129.
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tirrell
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Benner
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109.
authors.forename: Shiella
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caldejon
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109.
authors.forename: Rachel A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dalley
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109.
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dee
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nyhus
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reding
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109.
authors.forename: Zackery L
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sandman
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109.
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129.
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van der Kouwe
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129.
authors.forename: Ani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varjabedian
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129.
authors.forename: Lilla
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zöllei
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109.
authors.forename: Chinh
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.affiliation: Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Knowles
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109.
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510.
authors.forename: Nenad
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sestan
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wohnoutka
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201.
authors.forename: H Ronald
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Zielke
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109.
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hohmann
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109.
authors.forename: Allan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hawrylycz
authors.affiliation: Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 11029.
authors.forename: Patrick R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hof
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fischl
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109. EdL@alleninstitute.org.
authors.forename: Ed S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Lein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000716:Anatomy, Artistic; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010320:Parvalbumins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016900:Neurofilament Proteins; D010320:Parvalbumins
keywords: AB_2314904; DWI; MRI; RRIDs: AB_10000343; SCR_014329; amygdala; brain atlas; brainstem; cerebellum; cerebral cortex; cytoarchitecture; hippocampal formation; hypothalamus; neurofilament protein; parvalbumin; thalamus