title: Exercise training-induced different improvement profile of endothelial progenitor cells function in mice with or without myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neovascularization in response to ischemia after myocardial infarction (MI) has been widely considered as being initiated by endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Well-documented evidences in recent years have proved exercise training (ET) improving EPC function. However, whether ET-induced improvement of EPC function under or without ischemic state is different has not been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice performed ET following an exercise prescription 1week after MI or non-MI surgery respectively. Bone marrow-derived EPCs were isolated at 0day, 3days, 1week, 2weeks, 4weeks, and 8weeks of ET. After 7days cultivation, EPC functions including proliferation, adhesion, migration, and in vitro angiogenesis were measured. AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) signaling pathway was tested by western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EPC function in mice underwent non-MI surgery was attenuated overtime, while ET ameliorated this tendency. EPC function was peaked at 4weeks ET in non-MI surgery mice and maintained with an extended exercise time. Besides, simple ischemia was sufficient to enhanced EPC function, with a maximum at 2weeks of MI surgery. In MI mice, ET further improved EPC function and achieved peak at 2weeks exercise. Furthermore, AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway activation was consistent with EPC function change after ischemia, which was further promoted by 4weeks exercise.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ET significantly increased EPC function in mice both with and without MI, but the time points of peak function were different.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China.
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China. Electronic address: xudanyan02@sina.com.
authors.forename: Danyan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D066026:Endothelial Progenitor Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; C000605507:Gsk3b protein, mouse
keywords: Endothelial progenitor cells; Exercise training; Ischemia; Myocardial infarction