title: [Clinical features and therapy of persistent bacterial bronchitis in 31 children].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the clinical features and therapy of persistent bacterial bronchitis (PBB).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of 31 patients with PBB from Octorber 2010 to May 2014 in Department 2 of Respiratory Diseases in Beijing Children's Hospital was undertaken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) The patients (17 boys and 14 girls) were 6 months to 3 years old. The main complaint was chronic wet cough (>4 weeks); 13 cases had fever and 25 cases had wheezing. Rattle was heard on auscultation in all patients. (2) Chest X ray showed an increase in bronchovascular markings in all cases, accompanied by patchy infiltration in 6 cases. The high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) demonstrated bronchial wall thickening in 25 cases, associated with peri-bronchial patchy infiltration in 18 cases, with organized pneumonia in 7 cases ( atelectasis in 5 cases). Centrilobular nodules and ground-glass opacity were observed in the remaining 6 patients. (3) Purulent secretion was seen in endobronchial cavity by bronchoscopy. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from sputum culture or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid culture in 16 patients. (4)Patients recovered completely after over 2 weeks'treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanate or the second and third generation cephalosporin (including enzyme inhibitors) in 28 cases, carbapenems, teicoplanin , linezolid in 1 case respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PBB often occurred in 3 years old or younger patients and had chronic wet cough for more than 4 weeks, fever and wheezing. HRCT may reveal bronchial wall thickening, respiratory secretions culture may reveal Streptococcus pneumoniae. Most of patients recovered completely after over 2 weeks'treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanate or the second or third generation cephalosporins (including enzyme inhibitors).
authors.affiliation: Department 2 of Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D001991:Bronchitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003371:Cough; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D001261:Pulmonary Atelectasis / Q000150:complications; D012135:Respiratory Sounds; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed