title: Association of serum ferritin levels with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in a Chinese population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increased iron is associated with type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure. Therefore, serum ferritin may be a suitable biomarker to detect metabolic syndrome (MetS). We investigated the relationship between serum ferritin, and the prevalence of MetS and insulin resistance (IR).
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study assessed 2,786 Chinese participants, aged 25-75 years. MetS was defined using the 2006 International Diabetes Federation guidelines. IR was assessed with homeostasis model assessment estimated IR (HOMA-IR). Regression analysis was used to estimate the association between serum ferritin and the prevalence of MetS and IR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MetS prevalence within each serum ferritin quartile (Q1-4) was 31.7%, 37.1%, 43.6%, and 55.4%, respectively in men (P<0.001), and 30.1%, 34.8%, 48.2%, and 66.9%, respectively in women (P<0.001). Increased serum ferritin correlated with the number of MetS components (P<0.001). The odds ratio for MetS in the ferritin Q4 group was 1.95 (1.39-2.73) for men and 1.66(1.12-2.47) for women, compared with Q1. Serum ferritin correlated positively with HOMA-IR in men (regression coefficient: 0.058, P=0.009) and women (regression coefficient: 0.082, P=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MetS prevalence increased with elevated serum ferritin levels, and serum ferritin levels were independently associated with MetS and IR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, 11th South Street, Xicheng District of Beijing, Beijing, China. Electronic address: chenling19841227@163.com.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, 11th South Street, Xicheng District of Beijing, Beijing, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Pinggu Hospital, 59th Xinping North Road, Pinggu District of Beijing, Beijing, China. Electronic address: doctorlyf@126.com.
authors.forename: Yufeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, 11th South Street, Xicheng District of Beijing, Beijing, China. Electronic address: zhangfang87@outlook.com.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, 11th South Street, Xicheng District of Beijing, Beijing, China. Electronic address: november619@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Simin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, 11th South Street, Xicheng District of Beijing, Beijing, China. Electronic address: xianghaizhou1@163.com.
authors.forename: Xianghai
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, 11th South Street, Xicheng District of Beijing, Beijing, China. Electronic address: jiln@bjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Linong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ji
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005293:Ferritins
keywords: Dietary; Inflammation; Insulin resistance; Metabolic syndrome; Serum ferritin