title: Mutations in Human Interferon α2b Gene and Potential as Risk Factor Associated with Female Breast Cancer.
abstract: The current study explored the potential links between breast cancer and human interferon α-2b (hIFNα-2b) gene mutations. The hIFNα-2b gene was amplified from breast cancer tumor tissue samples (N = 60) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the products were subjected to gene sequencing. A total of 38 (63.3%) samples showed positive PCR amplification results. Several of these also exhibited frequent alterations (mutations) after 400 bp and, in particular, adenine was replaced by other bases. A total of 19 selected mutated amino acids were analyzed for local/general fold pattern changes. Human IFNα-2b receptor (IFNAR): ligand (hIFNα-2b protein) interactions through a Z-DOCK (3.0.2) server were also evaluated to assess the binding patterns of each ligand to receptor to induce Janus-Kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription antiproliferative signal transduction pathway inside the cancer cells. Certain local structural and conformational changes were predicted to be induced by mutations in the ligand. The variant models of the hIFNα-2b displayed structural and conformational changes that signified that changes to hIFNα-2b may be a risk factor in addition to other known factors associated with onset/progression of female breast carcinoma. It was hoped that others might build upon the research in this study evaluating protein structural models with mutations and their consequent interactions with receptors in the development of potent immune therapeutic drugs for breast cancer that are based on recombinant hIFNα-2b.
authors.affiliation: 1 Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore , Pakistan .
authors.forename: Fayyaz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Allied Health Sciences and Chemical Pathology, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences , Lahore, Pakistan .
authors.forename: Nasir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mahmood
authors.affiliation: 3 National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences (NUCES) , Foundation of Advancement of Science and Technology (FAST), Lahore, Pakistan .
authors.forename: Saman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahid
authors.affiliation: 1 Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore , Pakistan .
authors.forename: Zahid
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: 1 Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore , Pakistan .
authors.forename: Ishtiaq
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: 4 Departement of Biochemistry, Sahara Medical College , Narowal, Pakistan .
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jalal
authors.affiliation: 5 National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab , Lahore, Pakistan .
authors.forename: Bushra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ijaz
authors.affiliation: 6 Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology (INMOL) , Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan .
authors.forename: Abubaker
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shahid
authors.affiliation: 6 Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology (INMOL) , Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan .
authors.forename: Ghulam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mujtaba
authors.affiliation: 7 Fatima Jinnah Medical College and University , Lahore, Pakistan .
authors.forename: Tanveer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mustafa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
keywords: breast cancer; interferon; mutation; protein variants