title: Amacrine cells coupled to ganglion cells via gap junctions are highly vulnerable in glaucomatous mouse retinas.
abstract: We determined whether the structural and functional integrity of amacrine cells (ACs), the largest cohort of neurons in the mammalian retina, are affected in glaucoma. Intraocular injection of microbeads was made in mouse eyes to elevate intraocular pressure as a model of experimental glaucoma. Specific immunocytochemical markers were used to identify AC and displaced (d)ACs subpopulations in both the inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers, respectively, and to distinguish them from retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Calretinin- and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-immunoreactive (IR) cells were highly vulnerable to glaucomatous damage, whereas choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive and glycinergic AC subtypes were unaffected. The AC loss began 4 weeks after initial microbead injection, corresponding to the time course of RGC loss. Recordings of electroretinogram (ERG) oscillatory potentials and scotopic threshold responses, which reflect AC and RGC activity, were significantly attenuated in glaucomatous eyes following a time course that matched that of the AC and RGC loss. Moreover, we found that it was the ACs coupled to RGCs via gap junctions that were lost in glaucoma, whereas uncoupled ACs were largely unaffected. Our results suggest that AC loss in glaucoma occurs secondary to RGC death through the gap junction-mediated bystander effect. J. Comp. Neurol. 527:159-173, 2019. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Vision Sciences, State University of New York College of Optometry, New York, New York, 10036.
authors.forename: Abram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akopian
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Vision Sciences, State University of New York College of Optometry, New York, New York, 10036.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Vision Sciences, State University of New York College of Optometry, New York, New York, 10036.
authors.forename: Hariharasubramanian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ramakrishnan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Vision Sciences, State University of New York College of Optometry, New York, New York, 10036.
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Viswanathan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Vision Sciences, State University of New York College of Optometry, New York, New York, 10036.
authors.forename: Stewart A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bloomfield
mesh_terms: D025042:Amacrine Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D024201:Bystander Effect / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: AB_10061777; AB_11003211; AB_2167511; AB_90893; RRIDs: AB_2109797; amacrine cells; cell death; electroretinogram; ganglion cells; glaucoma; neuroprotection; retina