title: Polidocanol induced tubal occlusion in nonhuman primates: immunohistochemical detection of collagen I-V.
abstract: Intrauterine administration of polidocanol foam (PF) can create fallopian tube occlusion in nonhuman primates. The objective of this study was to determine if PF-induced tubal obstructions contain collagen in the extracellular matrix.
  
  
  
  We compared tissue samples of the intramural fallopian tube obtained from previous studies evaluating the effects of intrauterine infusion of 5% PF 2-12 weeks after treatment. Serial sections of the intramural portion of the fallopian tube obtained from representative treated (rhesus macaques, n=7; baboon, n=11) and untreated control (macaque, n=3; baboon, n=5) animals were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to identify tubal occlusion and by immunohistochemistry for collagens Col-I, Col-III and Col-IV. Descriptive results are summarized.
  
  
  
  Control animals exhibited histologically normal fallopian tubal epithelium with no staining for Col-1, light staining for Col-III and Col-V in the lamina propria and Col-IV distributed evenly in the extracellular matrix of the lamina propria. Treatment with PF resulted in acute tissue damage confined to the intramural tube; no epithelial damage or occlusion occurred in the tubal isthmus or ampulla. Blockade of the intramural tube demonstrated fibrosis with the epithelium replaced with extracellular matrix that stained strongly for Col-I, Col-III, Col-IV and Col-V. Col-II was undetectable.
  
  
  
  Tubal blockage induced by PF resulted in loss of normal epithelium and accumulation of collagens Col-I, Col-III, Col-IV and Col-V at the site of obstruction. The presence of dense collagen staining supports the hypothesis that PF infusion creates lasting tubal obstructions.
  
  
  
  This study demonstrates that PF-induced tubal occlusion results in deposition of collagens suggesting the potential for a more lasting blockade. The structural nature of this occlusion supports the development of intrauterine administration of PF as a nonsurgical method of permanent contraception.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA. Electronic address: slaydeno@ohsu.edu.
authors.forename: Ov D
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Slayden
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA; Center for Uterine Cancer, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, 410-769, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Ock
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis*; D003267:Contraception / Q000379:methods; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D005187:Fallopian Tubes / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D007047:Hysterosalpingography; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D010215:Papio; D000077423:Polidocanol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013246:Sterilization, Tubal / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D012597:Sclerosing Solutions; D000077423:Polidocanol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D003094:Collagen
keywords: Collagen; Fallopian tube; Nonhuman primate; Permanent contraception; Sterilization; Tubal occlusion