title: Human dignity and professional reputation under threat: Iranian Nurses' experiences of workplace violence.
abstract: Workplace violence against nurses is a challenging problem in both developed and developing countries. Because the concept of violence bears some cultural load, nurses' understanding is region-specific. This study explores Iranian nurses' perceptions of workplace violence. Using qualitative content analysis, 22 registered nurses underwent unstructured, in-depth interviews. The main themes of threats to human dignity and professional reputation emerged, plus four categories: physical violence, psychological violence, honor insults, and ethnic-religious insults. The term "honor insults," as a unique finding, was used instead of "sexual harassment." These findings may help to redefine workplace violence based on cultural background, design strategies for supporting nurses, and prevent and manage such violence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fereshteh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Najafi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fallahi-Khoshknab
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fazlollah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Asghar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dalvandi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahgozar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D058445:Bullying; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology*; D028723:Personhood; D011209:Power, Psychological; D036301:Qualitative Research; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology; D064450:Workplace Violence / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Iran; bullying; honor insults; nurse; verbal aggression; workplace aggression; workplace violence