title: Predictors of FIFA 11+ Implementation Intention in Female Adolescent Soccer: An Application of the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) Model.
abstract: The Fédération Internationale de Football (FIFA) 11+ warm-up program is efficacious at preventing lower limb injury in youth soccer; however, there has been poor adoption of the program in the community. The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) behavior change model in predicting intention to use the FIFA 11+ in a sample of 12 youth soccer teams (coaches n = 10; 12-16 year old female players n = 200). A bespoke cross-sectional questionnaire measured pre-season risk perceptions, outcome expectancies, task self-efficacy, facilitators, barriers, and FIFA 11+ implementation intention. Most coaches (90.0%) and players (80.0%) expected the program to reduce injury risk but reported limited intention to use it. Player data demonstrated an acceptable fit to the hypothesized model (standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.08; root mean square of error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.06 (0.047-0.080); comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.93; Tucker Lewis index (TLI) = 0.91) Task self-efficacy (β = 0.53, p ≤ 0.01) and outcome expectancies (β = 0.13 p ≤ 0.05) were positively associated with intention, but risk perceptions were not (β = -0.02). The findings suggest that the HAPA model is appropriate for use in this context, and highlight the need to target task self-efficacy and outcome expectancies in FIFA 11+ implementation strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK. c.d.mckay@bath.ac.uk.|Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. c.d.mckay@bath.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Carly D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: McKay
authors.affiliation: Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK. c.k.merrett@bath.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Charlotte K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Merrett
authors.affiliation: Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. caemery@ucalgary.ca.|Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. caemery@ucalgary.ca.
authors.forename: Carolyn A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Emery
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012916:Soccer / Q000293:injuries*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D063996:Warm-Up Exercise
keywords: adolescent; injury prevention; soccer