title: Increased Pre- and Post-Meal Free Fatty Acid Levels in Black, Obese Adolescents.
abstract: Black adolescents are at increased risk of cardiometabolic disease but have lower fasting triglyceride, which is usually associated with decreased risk. No one has studied racial differences in triglycerides or free fatty acids (FFAs) after a high-fat meal.
  
  
  
  Oral glucose tolerance testing was used to assess insulin secretion, sensitivity, and disposition index (DI). Endothelial function, triglycerides, FFA, c-reactive protein, interleukin 6 (IL6), and adiponectin were measured both pre- and 3 hr postprandially (McDonald's Big Breakfast(®) and 12 ounce Sprite(®)) in obese adolescents (10-13 years, 9 black and 7 white). Endothelial function was assessed using reactive hyperemic changes in forearm vascular resistance (FVR).
  
  
  
  Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) showed no difference in insulin sensitivity, but blacks tended to have (P = 0.08) higher insulin secretion and had increased DI (P = 0.003). After a high-fat meal, triglycerides increased in both groups (P < 0.001), tended to be lower in blacks compared with whites preprandially (64 ± 33 mg/dL vs 110 ± 80, P = 0.064), and was lower postprandially (112 ± 63 vs 188 ± 112, P = 0.039). Pre- and postprandial FFA (Black: 0.58 ± 0.15 and 0.39 ± 0.18 vs. white: 0.44 ± 0.14 and 0.26 ± 0.06, P = 0.020) and adiponectin (P = 0.002) were increased in blacks. FFA decreased in both groups postprandially (P = 0.002). IL6 increased after the meal (P = 0.022). Endothelial function decreased postprandially (P < 0.02), but this was due to a decrease in preocclusion FVR.
  
  
  
  These results indicate that differences in fat metabolism are present in both black and white obese adolescents. How these differences explain higher rates of cardiometabolic disease in blacks is unclear.
authors.affiliation: 1 Section of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio.|2 Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, the Clinical Research Center of The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health , Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Rachel-Marie
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Cazeau
authors.affiliation: 1 Section of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio.|2 Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, the Clinical Research Center of The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health , Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Lindsey
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rauch
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.affiliation: 1 Section of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio.|2 Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, the Clinical Research Center of The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health , Columbus, Ohio.|4 Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D044383:Black People; D002648:Child; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019518:Postprandial Period; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin