title: Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Anemia in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite new treatment strategies, anemia remains the most prevalent complication in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We investigated whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D3] deficiency was associated with anemia in ESRD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the medical records of 410 ESRD patients who had undergone renal transplantation (RTx) at Yonsei University Health System and who had 25(OH)D3 levels measured at the time of RTx. Patients were divided into two groups based on baseline 25(OH)D3 concentrations: group 1, 25(OH)D3 levels <10 ng/mL; and group 2, 25(OH)D3 levels ≥10 ng/mL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using multivariate regression models, 25(OH)D3, age, and erythrocyte-stimulating agent (ESA) dose were found to be significantly associated with hemoglobin (Hb) levels [25(OH)D3: β=0.263, p<0.001; age: β=0.122, p=0.010; ESA dose: β=-0.069, p=0.005]. In addition, logistic regression analysis revealed that patients in group 1 had a significantly higher risk for developing anemia (Hb level <10 g/dL) compared to group 2 patients, even after adjusting for potential risk factors for anemia (odds ratio=3.857; confidence interval=1.091-13.632; p=0.036).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  25(OH)D3 deficiency was significantly associated with anemia in patients with ESRD. Randomized controlled trials are needed to determine whether vitamin D supplementation can improve anemia in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yung Ly
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunwook
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Eun
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Ryeol
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi Jung
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Sook
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Han Jak
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Tak
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Hyeok
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Hyun
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. kswkidney@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Shin Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000740:Anemia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D002112:Calcifediol; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006441:Hemoglobin A / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; D006441:Hemoglobin A; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D; D002112:Calcifediol
keywords: Vitamin D deficiency; anemia; end-stage renal disease