title: Validation of Computed Tomography-based Attenuation Correction of Deviation between Theoretical and Actual Values in Four Computed Tomography Scanners.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we aimed to validate the accuracy of computed tomography-based attenuation correction (CTAC), using the bilinear scaling method.
  
  
  METHODS
  The measured attenuation coefficient (μm) was compared to the theoretical attenuation coefficient (μt), using four different CT scanners and an RMI 467 phantom. The effective energy of CT beam X-rays was calculated, using the aluminum half-value layer method and was used in conjunction with an attenuation coefficient map to convert the CT numbers to μm values for the photon energy of 140 keV. We measured the CT number of RMI 467 phantom for each of the four scanners and compared the μm and μt values for the effective energies of CT beam X-rays, effective atomic numbers, and physical densities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The μm values for CT beam X-rays with low effective energies decreased in high construction elements, compared with CT beam X-rays of high effective energies. As the physical density increased, the μm values elevated linearly. Compared with other scanners, the μm values obtained from the scanner with CT beam X-rays of maximal effective energy increased once the effective atomic number exceeded 10.00. The μm value of soft tissue was equivalent to the μt value. However, the ratios of maximal difference between μm and μt values were 25.4% (lung tissue) and 21.5% (bone tissue), respectively. Additionally, the maximal difference in μm values was 6.0% in the bone tissue for each scanner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The bilinear scaling method could accurately convert CT numbers to μ values in soft tissues.
authors.affiliation: Biological Systems Sciences Program, Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Radiology, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yada
authors.affiliation: Biological Systems Sciences Program, Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Onishi
keywords: Attenuation coefficient; Bilinear scaling; CTAC; Effective atomic number