title: Seasonal Fluctuations of Sap-Feeding Insect Species Infected by Xylella fastidiosa in Apulian Olive Groves of Southern Italy.
abstract: A study on seasonal abundance of Auchenorrhyncha species and their infectivity by Xylella fastidiosa in the Apulia region of Italy was conducted to identify ideal periods for monitoring and adoption of potential control measures against insect vectors. Adult populations of Auchenorrhyncha species were monitored monthly over a 2-yr period from five olive groves. A total of 15 species were captured, identified, and tested for presence of X. fastidiosa by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For three species, Philaenus spumarius L., Neophilaenus campestris (Fallèn), and Euscelis lineolatus Brullé, positive reactions to X. fastidiosa were obtained, on average, in 16.3, 15.9 and 18.4% of adult insects, respectively. Philaneous spumarius was the dominant species (39.8% of total Auchenorrhyncha captured) with the highest adult abundance in summer months. Adult P. spumarius and N. campestris were first detected between March and May in both years, and all insects tested during these periods (year 1: n = 42, year 2: n = 132) gave negative reactions to X. fastidiosa by PCR. Similarly, first adults of E. lineolatus that appeared from October to November (year 1: n = 20, year 2: n = 15) tested negative for presence of X. fastidiosa Given the lack of transstadial and transovarial transmission of X. fastidiosa and considering that P. spumarius is univoltine, control measures against nymphal stages of P. spumarius should be investigated as means of population suppression to reduce spread of X. fastidiosa in olive groves.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie per l'Agricoltura, le Foreste, la Natura e l'Energia (DAFNE), Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy (benmoussa@unitus.it; speranza@unitus.it; varvaro@unitus.it), CIHEAM - Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo, Valenzano (BA), Italy (valentini@iamb.it; y.thaer@iamb.it; xdonato2@gmail.com; digiaro@iamb.it; donghia@iamb.it).
authors.forename: Issam Eddine
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Ben Moussa
authors.affiliation: Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy (valerio.mazzoni@fmach.it).
authors.forename: Valerio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mazzoni
authors.affiliation: CIHEAM - Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo, Valenzano (BA), Italy (valentini@iamb.it; y.thaer@iamb.it; xdonato2@gmail.com; digiaro@iamb.it; donghia@iamb.it).
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Valentini
authors.affiliation: CIHEAM - Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo, Valenzano (BA), Italy (valentini@iamb.it; y.thaer@iamb.it; xdonato2@gmail.com; digiaro@iamb.it; donghia@iamb.it).
authors.forename: Thaer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yaseen
authors.affiliation: CIHEAM - Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo, Valenzano (BA), Italy (valentini@iamb.it; y.thaer@iamb.it; xdonato2@gmail.com; digiaro@iamb.it; donghia@iamb.it).
authors.forename: Donato
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lorusso
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie per l'Agricoltura, le Foreste, la Natura e l'Energia (DAFNE), Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy (benmoussa@unitus.it; speranza@unitus.it; varvaro@unitus.it).
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Speranza
authors.affiliation: CIHEAM - Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo, Valenzano (BA), Italy (valentini@iamb.it; y.thaer@iamb.it; xdonato2@gmail.com; digiaro@iamb.it; donghia@iamb.it).
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Digiaro
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie per l'Agricoltura, le Foreste, la Natura e l'Energia (DAFNE), Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy (benmoussa@unitus.it; speranza@unitus.it; varvaro@unitus.it).
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Varvaro
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 South Riverbend Ave., Parlier, CA 93648 (Rodrigo.Krugner@ars.usda.gov), and.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krugner
authors.affiliation: CIHEAM - Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo, Valenzano (BA), Italy (valentini@iamb.it; y.thaer@iamb.it; xdonato2@gmail.com; digiaro@iamb.it; donghia@iamb.it), donghia@iamb.it.
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: D'Onghia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology; D007558:Italy; D009758:Nymph / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology; D031658:Olea / Q000254:growth & development; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012621:Seasons; D044167:Xylella / Q000302:isolation & purification*
keywords: Auchenorrhyncha; PCR; Philaenus spumarius; plant disease; vector