title: Construction of In Vivo Fluorescent Imaging of Echinococcus granulosus in a Mouse Model.
abstract: Human hydatid disease (cystic echinococcosis, CE) is a chronic parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. As the disease mainly affects the liver, approximately 70% of all identified CE cases are detected in this organ. Optical molecular imaging (OMI), a noninvasive imaging technique, has never been used in vivo with the specific molecular markers of CE. Thus, we aimed to construct an in vivo fluorescent imaging mouse model of CE to locate and quantify the presence of the parasites within the liver noninvasively. Drug-treated protoscolices were monitored after marking by JC-1 dye in in vitro and in vivo studies. This work describes for the first time the successful construction of an in vivo model of E. granulosus in a small living experimental animal to achieve dynamic monitoring and observation of multiple time points of the infection course. Using this model, we quantified and analyzed labeled protoscolices based on the intensities of their red and green fluorescence. Interestingly, the ratio of red to green fluorescence intensity not only revealed the location of protoscolices but also determined the viability of the parasites in vivo and in vivo tests. The noninvasive imaging model proposed in this work will be further studied for long-term detection and observation and may potentially be widely utilized in susceptibility testing and therapeutic effect evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Sibo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Xuyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Jixue
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Hongwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Xueling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.|Laboratory of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Xiangwei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D015766:Albendazole / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004443:Echinococcosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D048209:Echinococcus granulosus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods; D051598:Whole Body Imaging / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D015766:Albendazole
keywords: Echinococcus granulosus; fluorescent imaging; in vivo; mouse model; noninvasive; protoscolex