title: Efficacy of carnosine on activation of caspase 3 and human renal carcinoma cell inhibition.
abstract: Carnosine is a natural antioxidant dipeptide that is highly concentrated in muscles and brain. The present study investigated the effect of carnosine cell growth inhibition and activation of the caspase-3 enzyme under cell co-culture system. Renal carcinoma and normal cells were co-cultured to provide three-dimensional views for the experimental analyses. Carnosine inhibited renal cancer cell growth up to 40%, whereas it was 25% in normal cells. Caspase-3 enzyme activity corresponded to the appearance of immunofluorescence in the cytoplasm using the caspase-3 antibody. Caspase-3 enzyme activity gradually increased in renal carcinoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The increased immunofluorescence and fluorescent detection of caspase-3 indicated the occurrence of apoptosis. The binding affinity of carnosine with caspase-3 subunit was confirmed by In silico docking study and glide energy was -5.2kcal/mol. Taking all these data together, it is suggested that the carnosine may be a potential antiproliferative agent in renal carcinoma tumor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Muthuraman
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pandurangan
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Bhupendra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mistry
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Gansukh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Enkhataivan
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: frenzram1980@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Doo Hwan
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D002336:Carnosine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004285:Dogs; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D061985:Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D021122:Protein Subunits; D002336:Carnosine; D053148:Caspase 3
keywords: Caki-2 cells; Carnosine; Caspase-3; Cell viability; Co-culture