title: Improved Fuzzy Logic System to Evaluate Milk Electrical Conductivity Signals from On-Line Sensors to Monitor Dairy Goat Mastitis.
abstract: The aim of this study was to develop and test a new fuzzy logic model for monitoring the udder health status (HS) of goats. The model evaluated, as input variables, the milk electrical conductivity (EC) signal, acquired on-line for each gland by a dedicated sensor, the bandwidth length and the frequency and amplitude of the first main peak of the Fourier frequency spectrum of the recorded milk EC signal. Two foremilk gland samples were collected from eight Saanen goats for six months at morning milking (lactation stages (LS): 0-60 Days In Milking (DIM); 61-120 DIM; 121-180 DIM), for a total of 5592 samples. Bacteriological analyses and somatic cell counts (SCC) were used to define the HS of the glands. With negative bacteriological analyses and SCC < 1,000,000 cells/mL, glands were classified as healthy. When bacteriological analyses were positive or showed a SCC > 1,000,000 cells/mL, glands were classified as not healthy (NH). For each EC signal, an estimated EC value was calculated and a relative deviation was obtained. Furthermore, the Fourier frequency spectrum was evaluated and bandwidth length, frequency and amplitude of the first main peak were identified. Before using these indexes as input variables of the fuzzy logic model a linear mixed-effects model was developed to evaluate the acquired data considering the HS, LS and LS × HS as explanatory variables. Results showed that performance of a fuzzy logic model, in the monitoring of mammary gland HS, could be improved by the use of EC indexes derived from the Fourier frequency spectra of gland milk EC signals recorded by on-line EC sensors.
authors.affiliation: Universit&#224; Telematica San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy. mauro.zaninelli@unisanraffaele.gov.it.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaninelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), Universit&#224; degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy. francesco.tangorra@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Francesco Maria
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Tangorra
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), Universit&#224; degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy. annamaria.costa@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), Universit&#224; degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy. luciana.rossi@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), Universit&#224; degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy. vittorio.dellorto@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dell'Orto
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), Universit&#224; degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy. giovanni.savoini@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Savoini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D005260:Female; D017143:Fuzzy Logic; D006041:Goats; D008413:Mastitis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods
keywords: dairy goats; electrical conductivity; fuzzy logic; mastitis