title: The TBX1 Transcription Factor in Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The transcription factor TBX1 plays an important role in the embryonic development of the heart. Nothing is known about its involvement in myocardial remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and whether its expression can be modulated by a treatment with proven benefit such as mineralocorticoid receptor blockade.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acute myocardial infarction was induced in 60 rats via left coronary artery ligation: 50 animals were randomized to be euthanized after 1, 2, 4, 12, or 24 weeks; 10 animals were treated with eplerenone (100 mg/kg/days) 7 days before the AMI until their euthanasia (4 weeks later); 8 additional animals underwent surgery without ligation (control). We analyzed the cardiac expression of TBX1, fetal genes, and fibrosis markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The gene and protein expression of TBX1 was increased in the infarcted myocardium, peaking 1 week after AMI (P < .01), without changes in the noninfarcted myocardium. Levels of the fetal genes and fibrosis markers also increased, peaking 4 weeks (P < .001) and 1 week (P < .01) after AMI, respectively. The TBX1 expression was correlated with that of the fibrosis markers (P < .01) but not the fetal genes. Eplerenone reduced the TBX1 increase and fibrosis induced by AMI, with an association improvement in ventricular function and remodeling in echocardiography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show the reactivated expression of TBX1 and indicate its involvement in cardiac fibrosis and remodeling after AMI and its participation in the benefit from mineralocorticoid receptor blockade.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Cardiología, Grupo de Investigación Clínica y Traslacional Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain; Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain. Electronic address: jsanmas@um.es.
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Más
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Cardiología, Grupo de Investigación Clínica y Traslacional Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain; Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lax
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Cardiología, Grupo de Investigación Clínica y Traslacional Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain; Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Mari Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Asensio-López
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Patología Animal, Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: María Josefa
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fernández-Del Palacio
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Cardiología, Grupo de Investigación Clínica y Traslacional Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Caballero
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Cardiología, Grupo de Investigación Clínica y Traslacional Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Navarro-Peñalver
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Cardiología, Grupo de Investigación Clínica y Traslacional Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain; Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: María Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Pérez-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Cardiología, Grupo de Investigación Clínica y Traslacional Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Ramón
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gimeno-Blanes
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Cardiología, Grupo de Investigación Clínica y Traslacional Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain; Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Domingo Andrés
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Pascual-Figal
mesh_terms: D000185:Actinin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D000077545:Eplerenone; D005355:Fibrosis; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000235:genetics*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013148:Spironolactone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C000594638:MYH7 protein, rat; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; C000595281:Tbx1 protein, rat; D000185:Actinin; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D013148:Spironolactone; D000077545:Eplerenone; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains
keywords: Acute myocardial infarction; Cardiac remodeling; Eplerenona; Eplerenone; Fetal genes; Fibrosis; Genes fetales; Infarto agudo de miocardio; Remodelado cardiaco