title: Characterisation and comparison of adipose tissue macrophages from human subcutaneous, visceral and perivascular adipose tissue.
abstract: Macrophages play important roles in adipose tissue inflammation and its consequences. Unfortunately, a detailed description of the macrophage phenotypes in different human adipose tissues is not available.
  
  
  
  Subcutaneous, visceral and perivascular adipose tissues were obtained from 52 living kidney donors during live donor nephrectomy. Stromal vascular fractions were isolated, and the macrophage phenotypes were analyzed by flow cytometry using surface markers (CD14, CD16, CD36, and CD163).
  
  
  
  In addition to CD16 positivity, pro-inflammatory macrophages also display high scavenger receptor CD36 expression. The great majority of CD16 negative macrophages express the anti-inflammatory CD163 marker. The presence of pro-inflammatory macrophages was almost twice as high in visceral (p < 0.0001) and perivascular (p < 0.0001) adipose tissues than in subcutaneous tissue. This difference was substantially more pronounced in the postmenopausal women subgroup, consequentlly, the total difference was driven by this subgroup.
  
  
  
  We obtained detailed information about M1 and M2 macrophage phenotypes in human adipose tissue. The visceral and perivascular adipose tissues had substantially higher pro-inflammatory characteristics than the subcutaneous tissue. The higher proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages in the visceral adipose tissue of postmenopausal women might be related to an increased cardiovascular risk.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Atherosclerosis Research, Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic. ivka@ikem.cz.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9053-4123
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kralova Lesna
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Atherosclerosis Research, Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kralova
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Atherosclerosis Research, Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Sona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cejkova
authors.affiliation: Transplant Surgery Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fronek
authors.affiliation: 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petras
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Transplant Immunology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Alena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sekerkova
authors.affiliation: Transplant Surgery Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Filip
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Thieme
authors.affiliation: Transplant Surgery Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Libor
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Janousek
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Atherosclerosis Research, Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Poledne
mesh_terms: D002469:Cell Separation; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000166:cytology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000166:cytology*; D014019:Tissue Donors
keywords: Adipose tissue; Inflammation; Macrophages; Menopause