title: Cross-education of wrist extensor strength is not influenced by non-dominant training in right-handers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cross-education of strength has been proposed to be greater when completed by the dominant limb in right handed humans. We investigated whether the direction of cross-education of strength and corticospinal plasticity are different following right or left limb strength training in right-handed participants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Changes in strength, muscle thickness and indices of corticospinal plasticity were analyzed in 23 adults who were exposed to 3-weeks of either right-hand strength training (RHT) or left-hand strength training (LHT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maximum voluntary wrist extensor strength in both the trained and untrained limb increased, irrespective of which limb was trained, with TMS revealing reduced corticospinal inhibition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cross-education of strength was not limited by which limb was trained and reduced corticospinal inhibition was not just confined to the trained limb. Critically, from a behavioral perspective, the magnitude of cross-education was not limited by which limb was trained.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Timothy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Coombs
authors.affiliation: Institute for Sport, Exercise and Active Living, School of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Ashlyn K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Frazer
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Deanna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Horvath
authors.affiliation: Melbourne School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK.
authors.forename: Glyn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Howatson
authors.affiliation: La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. D.Kidgell@latrobe.edu.au.
authors.forename: Dawson J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kidgell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D064797:Physical Conditioning, Human / Q000502:physiology*; D011712:Pyramidal Tracts / Q000502:physiology*; D014955:Wrist Joint / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cross-education; Directionality; Short-interval intracortical inhibition; Silent period; Strength; Transcranial magnetic stimulation