title: Respiratory Effects of Sarafotoxins from the Venom of Different Atractaspis Genus Snake Species.
abstract: Sarafotoxins (SRTX) are endothelin-like peptides extracted from the venom of snakes belonging to the Atractaspididae family. A recent in vivo study on anesthetized and ventilated animals showed that sarafotoxin-b (SRTX-b), extracted from the venom of Atractaspis engaddensis, decreases cardiac output by inducing left ventricular dysfunction while sarafotoxin-m (SRTX-m), extracted from the venom of Atractaspis microlepidota microlepidota, induces right ventricular dysfunction with increased airway pressure. The aim of the present experimental study was to compare the respiratory effects of SRTX-m and SRTX-b. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized, tracheotomized and mechanically ventilated. They received either a 1 LD50 IV bolus of SRTX-b (n = 5) or 1 LD50 of SRTX-m (n = 5). The low-frequency forced oscillation technique was used to measure respiratory impedance. Airway resistance (Raw), parenchymal damping (G) and elastance (H) were determined from impedance data, before and 5 min after SRTX injection. SRTX-m and SRTX-b injections induced acute hypoxia and metabolic acidosis with an increased anion gap. Both toxins markedly increased Raw, G and H, but with a much greater effect of SRTX-b on H, which may have been due to pulmonary edema in addition to bronchoconstriction. Therefore, despite their structural analogy, these two toxins exert different effects on respiratory function. These results emphasize the role of the C-terminal extension in the in vivo effect of these toxins.
authors.affiliation: Service de R&#233;animation Polyvalente, P&#244;le d'Anesth&#233;sie R&#233;animations, CHU Amiens F-80054 Amiens cedex, France. malaquin.stephanie@chu-amiens.fr.|Unit&#233; INSERM U1088, University of Picardie Jules-Verne, CURS site CHU, F-80054 Amiens cedex, France. malaquin.stephanie@chu-amiens.fr.
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malaquin
authors.affiliation: Unit&#233; INSERM U1105, University of Picardie Jules-Verne, CURS site CHU, F-80054 Amiens cedex &amp; Explorations Fonctionnelles P&#233;diatriques, CHU Amiens F-80054 Amiens cedex, France. Sam.Bayat@hcuge.ch.
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bayat
authors.affiliation: Service de R&#233;animation Polyvalente, P&#244;le d'Anesth&#233;sie R&#233;animations, CHU Amiens F-80054 Amiens cedex, France. Abouarab.osama@chu-amiens.fr.|Unit&#233; INSERM U1088, University of Picardie Jules-Verne, CURS site CHU, F-80054 Amiens cedex, France. Abouarab.osama@chu-amiens.fr.
authors.forename: Osama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Abou Arab
authors.affiliation: CEA, iBiTec-S, Service d'Ing&#233;nierie Mol&#233;culaire des Prot&#233;ines (SIMOPRO), CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France. Gilles.MOURIER@cea.fr.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mourier
authors.affiliation: Service de R&#233;animation Polyvalente, P&#244;le d'Anesth&#233;sie R&#233;animations, CHU Amiens F-80054 Amiens cedex, France. lorne.emmanuel@chu-amiens.fr.|Unit&#233; INSERM U1088, University of Picardie Jules-Verne, CURS site CHU, F-80054 Amiens cedex, France. lorne.emmanuel@chu-amiens.fr.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lorne
authors.affiliation: Unit&#233; INSERM U1088, University of Picardie Jules-Verne, CURS site CHU, F-80054 Amiens cedex, France. Kamel.said@chu-amiens.fr.
authors.forename: Saïd
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamel
authors.affiliation: Service de R&#233;animation Polyvalente, P&#244;le d'Anesth&#233;sie R&#233;animations, CHU Amiens F-80054 Amiens cedex, France. dupont.herve@chu-amiens.fr.|Unit&#233; INSERM U1088, University of Picardie Jules-Verne, CURS site CHU, F-80054 Amiens cedex, France. dupont.herve@chu-amiens.fr.
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dupont
authors.affiliation: CEA, iMETI, Service d'Immunologie des Infections Virales et des Maladies Auto-Immunes (U1184), CEA Fontenay-aux-Roses, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France. frederic.ducancel@cea.fr.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ducancel
authors.affiliation: Service de R&#233;animation Polyvalente, P&#244;le d'Anesth&#233;sie R&#233;animations, CHU Amiens F-80054 Amiens cedex, France. mahjoub.yazine@chu-amiens.fr.|Unit&#233; INSERM U1088, University of Picardie Jules-Verne, CURS site CHU, F-80054 Amiens cedex, France. mahjoub.yazine@chu-amiens.fr.
authors.forename: Yazine
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mahjoub
mesh_terms: D000136:Acid-Base Equilibrium / Q000187:drug effects; D000138:Acidosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D000403:Airway Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D016084:Bronchoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008170:Lung Compliance / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014757:Viper Venoms / Q000633:toxicity*; D017819:Viperidae / Q000145:classification
chemical_list: D014757:Viper Venoms; C057354:sarafotoxins s6
keywords: Atractaspis; forced oscillation technique; hysterisivity; long sarafotoxins; respiratory mechanics