title: Combination of VP3 and CD147-knockdown enhance apoptosis and tumor growth delay index in colorectal tumor allograft.
abstract: Cancer therapies that kill cancer cells without affecting normal cells is the ultimate mode of treating cancers. The VP3, an avian virus-derived protein, can specifically initiate cell death through several signal transduction pathways leading to apoptosis. In cancer, chemoresistance and cell survivability implicate the cell surface protein, CD147.
  
  
  
  In this study, transfection of VP3 and silencing of CD147 genes was achieved through the treatment of tumors with pVIVO1-GFP/VP3 (VP3), psiRNA-CD147/2 (shCD147/2), and their combination of CT26 colon cancer cell-induced in mice. The effectiveness of tumor-treatment was ascertained by electrophoresis, TUNEL assay, and flow cytometry analysis. While histopathological and biochemical analysis were used as toxic side effect identification.
  
  
  
  The tumor growth delay index (TGDI) after treatment with VP3, shCD147/2, and their combination treatments increased by 1.3-, 1.2-, 2.0- and 2.3-fold respectively, over untreated control. The VP3-shCD147/2 combination treatment was more efficacious then either VP3 or shCD147/2 alone in the retardation of mouse CT26 colorectal cell tumor allograft.
  
  
  
  The antitumor effect of the combination treatment is the result of synergistic effects of VP3 and shCD147/2 on the tumor cells resulting in apoptosis. Thus, the study shows that combination of VP3 and shCD147/2 treatment can be developed into a potential approach for anticolorectal cancer treatment regimen.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunotherapeutic and Vaccines, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ruzila
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunotherapeutic and Vaccines, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. zeenathulnazariah@gmail.com.|Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. zeenathulnazariah@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Zeenathul Nazariah
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Allaudin
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Rasedee
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd-Azmi
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mohd Lila
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunotherapeutic and Vaccines, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nik-Mohd-Afizan
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Nik Abd Rahman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sheikh-Omar
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Abdul Rahman
mesh_terms: D064591:Allografts / Q000637:transplantation; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics*; D051926:Basigin / Q000235:genetics*; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: C497887:Bsg protein, mouse; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C091717:VP3 protein, Chicken anemia virus; D051926:Basigin
keywords: Apoptosis; CT26 colon cancer cell tumor; pVIVO1-GFP/VP3; psiRNA-CD147/2