title: In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial effects of different intracanal medications in necrotic immature teeth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This was to assess the antimicrobial effectiveness of pastes used as intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis in necrotic immature teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  An agar-disc diffusion method over a period of 30 days was used. The following medications were analysed: triple antibiotic paste (TAP) I; double antibiotic paste (DAP) I; DAP I with calcium hydroxide; calcium hydroxide paste with saline solution 0.9 %; calcium hydroxide paste with chlorhexidine 2 % gel; DAP II; DAP II with zinc oxide; DAP II with calcium hydroxide; and saline solution 0.9 % as control. The diameters of the halos of inhibition (in mm) of tested medicaments were determined and analysed with one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TAP I (G1) was significantly more effective against E. faecalis, and showed the largest halo of inhibition during all the experiments. DAP groups (G2 and G6) also showed inhibiting bacterial growth with said inhibition remaining stable throughout the 30-day period. In contrast, G4 and G5 groups, in which Ca(OH)2 was added to saline and chlorhexidine, had no antibacterial effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TAP and DAP showed better antibacterial efficacy and remained active for 30 days. Combination of Ca(OH)2 with antibiotics should be avoided, due to the possibility of antibiotic hydrolysis.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Endodontia, Universidade de Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Av. Washington Soares 1321, Fortaleza, CE, 60811341, Brazil. maniglia@unifor.br.|, Rua Bento Albuquerque, 685, ap. 1102, Fortaleza, CE, CEP 60192-060, Brazil. maniglia@unifor.br.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maniglia-Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Endodontia, Universidade de Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Av. Washington Soares 1321, Fortaleza, CE, 60811341, Brazil.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Almeida-Gomes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Av. Washington Soares 1321, Fortaleza, CE, 60811341, Brazil.
authors.forename: M M N
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Endodontia, Universidade de Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Av. Washington Soares 1321, Fortaleza, CE, 60811341, Brazil.
authors.forename: F T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: de Sousa Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Endodontia, Universidade de Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Av. Washington Soares 1321, Fortaleza, CE, 60811341, Brazil.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: de Farias Filho
authors.affiliation: Doutoranda do programa de pós-graduação da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Rua Monsenhor Furtado s/n, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-350, Brazil.
authors.forename: N L G
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009336:Necrosis; D009824:Ointments; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D009824:Ointments; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D002710:Chlorhexidine; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: Dental pulp necrosis; Enterococcus faecalis; Root canal medicaments