title: 2,4,6-Tribromophenol Interferes with the Thyroid Hormone System by Regulating Thyroid Hormones and the Responsible Genes in Mice.
abstract: 2,4,6-Tribromophenol (TBP) is a brominated flame retardant (BFR). Based on its affinity for transthyretin, TBP could compete with endogenous thyroid hormone. In this study, the effects of TBP on the thyroid hormone system were assessed in mice. Briefly, animals were exposed to 40 and 250 mg/kg TBP. Thyroid hormones were also administered with or without TBP. When mice were treated with TBP, deiodinase 1 (Dio1) and thyroid hormone receptor β isoform 2 (Thrβ2) decreased in the pituitary gland. The levels of deiodinase 2 (Dio2) and growth hormone (Gh) mRNA increased in response to 250 mg/kg of TBP, and the relative mRNA level of thyroid stimulating hormone β (Tshβ) increased in the pituitary gland. Dio1 and Thrβ1 expression in the liver were not altered, while Dio1 decreased in response to co-treatment with thyroid hormones. The thyroid gland activity decreased in response to TBP, as did the levels of free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine in serum. Taken together, these findings indicate that TBP can disrupt thyroid hormone homeostasis and the presence of TBP influenced thyroid actions as regulators of gene expression. These data suggest that TBP interferes with thyroid hormone systems.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 362-763, Korea. eastdaylight@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Dongoh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 362-763, Korea. prac@naver.com.
authors.forename: Changhwan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea. euijuhong@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Eui-Ju
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomaterial Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Kyeongnam 50463, Korea. anbs@pusan.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Beum-Soo
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology and Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 362-763, Korea. shhyun@chungbuk.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sang-Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hyun
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 362-763, Korea. kchoi@chungbuk.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kyung-Chul
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 362-763, Korea. ebjeung@chungbuk.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Eui-Bae
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Jeung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000187:drug effects; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000187:drug effects*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D037042:Thyroid Hormone Receptors beta / Q000187:drug effects; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000378:metabolism; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010636:Phenols; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D037042:Thyroid Hormone Receptors beta; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D013006:Growth Hormone; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase; D013974:Thyroxine; C004554:2,4,6-tribromophenol
keywords: 2,4,6-tribromophenol; endocrine disruptor; thyroid hormone