title: [Body composition and metabolic risk in small for gestational age children treated with growth hormone].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Small for gestational age (SGA) children are at increased risk of metabolic syndrome. Our objective is to evaluate changes in body composition produced by growth hormone (GH) treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A group of 28 SGA children without catch-up growth and undergoing treatment with GH was selected for evaluation. Over the course of 3 years from the beginning of the treatment with GH, the children's body composition variables (bone mineral density [BMD], fat and lean body mass proportion) were evaluated annually with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. A study of correlation between metabolic and body composition variables was also made.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with GH produces a reduction in fat mass proportion in relation to lean body mass, decreasing from 25.94±6.09 to 22.88±5.38% (P=.034). In the abdominal regions we observe an increase in lean mass, from 1,356,91±426,71 to 2,570,96±814,36g (P=.000) and a tendency for visceral fat deposits to decrease. BMD in lumbar vertebrae improved from -1.55±0.68 to -0.90±0.79Z (P=.019).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with GH produces changes in body composition, improving BMD and increasing the proportion of lean body mass with a reduction in fat mass. If these changes persisted into adulthood, they may cause a reduction in the metabolic and cardiovascular risk in this group of patients.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital de Barbastro, Barbastro, Huesca, España. Electronic address: estheraurensanz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aurensanz Clemente
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Samper Villagrasa
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España; Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, España.
authors.forename: Ariadna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ayerza Casas
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, España.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruiz Frontera
authors.affiliation: Growth Exercise Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Zaragoza, España; Escuela Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España.
authors.forename: Luis Alberto
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Moreno Aznar
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España; Growth Exercise Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Zaragoza, España.
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bueno Lozano
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D013006:Growth Hormone
keywords: Birth weight; Body composition; Body fat; Bone mineral content; Composición corporal; Contenido mineral óseo; Grasa corporal; Peso al nacer