title: CIPROFLOXACIN RESISTANCE PATTERN AMONG BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS WITH COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED URINARY TRACT INFECTION.
abstract: To identify the main bacterial species associated with community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI) and to assess the pattern of ciprofloxacin susceptibility among bacteria isolated from urine cultures.
  
  
  
  We conducted a retrospective study in all the patients with community-acquired UTI seen in Santa Helena Laboratory, Camaçari, Bahia, Brazil during five years (2010-2014). All individuals who had a positive urine culture result were included in this study.
  
  
  
  A total of 1,641 individuals met the inclusion criteria. Despite the fact that participants were female, we observed a higher rate of resistance to ciprofloxacin in males. The most frequent pathogens identified in urine samples were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Antimicrobial resistance has been observed mainly for ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin. Moreover, E. coli has shown the highest rate of ciprofloxacin resistance, reaching 36% of ciprofloxacin resistant strains in 2014.
  
  
  
  The rate of bacterial resistance to ciprofloxacin observed in the studied population is much higher than expected, prompting the need for rational use of this antibiotic, especially in infections caused by E. coli. Prevention of bacterial resistance can be performed through control measures to limit the spread of resistant microorganisms and a rational use of antimicrobial policy.
authors.affiliation: Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina Costa
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Susana Regia da Silva
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, Brazil.|Laboratório Santa Helena. Camaçari, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Siane Campos de
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Santa Helena. Camaçari, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Milena Góes
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Saldanha
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz (CPqGM) - FIOCRUZ-BA. Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thassila Nogueira
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Pitanga
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz (CPqGM) - FIOCRUZ-BA. Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo Riccio
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin