title: Global and local grey matter reductions in boys with ADHD combined type and ADHD inattentive type.
abstract: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has reliably been associated with global grey matter reductions but local alterations are largely inconsistent with perhaps the exception of the caudate nucleus. The aim of this study was to examine local and global brain volume differences between typically developing children (TD) and children with a diagnosis of ADHD. We also addressed whether these parameters would differ between children with the ADHD-combined type (ADHD-C) and those with the ADHD-inattentive type (ADHD-I). Using an ROI approach caudate volume differences were also examined. 79 boys between the ages of 8 and 17 participated in the study. Of those 33 met diagnostic criteria for the ADHD-C and 15 for the ADHD-I subtype. 31 boys were included in the TD group. Structural magnetic resonance imaging data were analysed using voxel-based morphometry. The ADHD group had significantly lower global and local grey matter volumes within clusters in the bilateral frontal, right parietal and right temporal regions compared to TD. A significant group by age interaction was found for right caudate nucleus volume. No differences between the ADHD-C and ADHD-I groups were found. Right caudate nucleus volume and age are more strongly related in ADHD than in TD consistent with previous research.
authors.affiliation: Academic Child Psychiatry Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville Australia; Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vilgis
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Silk
authors.affiliation: Academic Child Psychiatry Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville Australia; Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia. Electronic address: alasdair.vance@rch.org.au.
authors.forename: Alasdair
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vance
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology
keywords: ADHD; ADHD-inattentive type; MRI; Voxel based morphometry