title: Percutaneous management of residual bile duct stones through T-tube tract after cholecystectomy: A retrospective analysis of 89 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to analyze the outcome of percutaneous management of residual common bile duct (CBD) stones in patients with surgically inserted T-tube in CBD after cholecystectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between April 2001 and August 2015, 89 patients (52 women, 37 men) with a mean age of 55.7 years±18 (SD) (range, 22-88 years) underwent percutaneous sphincteroplasty and stone expulsion into the duodenum with a Fogarty balloon catheter through the T-tube tract for residual CBD stones. All patients had previously undergone open cholecystectomy with CBD exploration and T-tube insertion 7 to 60 days (mean, 14.4 days) before the procedure. Results of the procedure and complications were evaluated by a review of clinical notes, imaging and laboratory findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The procedure was successful in 87/89 patients (97.7%). Complete CBD clearance was achieved in a first session in 86 patients (96.6%). One patient (1.1%) needed a second session. The procedure was unsuccessful in 2 patients (2.2%) due to inappropriate position of T-tube and stone impaction into the cystic duct remnant. Two complications (2.2%) including intra-abdominal bile collection and distal CBD stricture were observed after the procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous CBD expulsion into the duodenum through the T-tube tract is a non-traumatic, effective and safe method for the treatment of residual CBD stones in patients who had cholecystectomy and T-tube insertion.
authors.affiliation: Erciyes University, Medical Faculty, Gevher Nesibe Hospital, Department of Radiology, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey. Electronic address: nevzatcan@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ozcan
authors.affiliation: Erciyes University, Medical Faculty, Gevher Nesibe Hospital, Department of Radiology, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey. Electronic address: guvenkahriman@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kahriman
authors.affiliation: Training and Research Hospital, Department of Radiology, Kayseri, Turkey. Electronic address: drozgurk2712@gmail.com.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Karabiyik
authors.affiliation: Erciyes University, Medical Faculty, Gevher Nesibe Hospital, Department of Radiology, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey. Electronic address: hdonmez68@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Donmez
authors.affiliation: Erciyes University, Medical Faculty, Gevher Nesibe Hospital, Department of General Surgery, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey. Electronic address: drertanemek@gmail.com.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Emek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002404:Catheterization; D002763:Cholecystectomy; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Biliary calculi; Cholecystectomy; Common bile duct; Percutaneous procedure; Stone extraction