title: An evaluation of the impact of a restrictive retail food environment intervention in a rural community pharmacy setting.
abstract: Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption is associated with morbidity and mortality. The retail food environment influences food and beverage purchasing and consumption. This study assesses the impact of a community pharmacy's removal of sweet beverages on overall community sales of carbonated soft drinks (CSD) in a rural setting. We also examined whether the pharmacy intervention affected CSD sales in the town's other food stores.
  
  
  
  Weekly CSD sales data were acquired from the three food retailers in the town of Baddeck, Nova Scotia (January 1, 2013 to May 8, 2015, n = 123 weeks). Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) analysis was used to analyse the interrupted time series data and estimate the impact of the pharmacy intervention (September 11, 2014) on overall CSD sales at the community level. Data were analysed in 2015.
  
  
  
  Before the intervention, the pharmacy accounted for approximately 6 % of CSD sales in the community. After the intervention, declines in total weekly average community CSD sales were not statistically significantly. CSD sales at the other food stores did not increase after the pharmacy intervention.
  
  
  
  This study was among the first to examine the impact of a restrictive retail food environment intervention, and found a non-significant decline in CSD sales at the community level. It is the first study to examine a retail food environment intervention in a community pharmacy. Pharmacies may have an important role to play in creating healthy retail food environments.
authors.affiliation: Propel Centre for Population Health Impact, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada. lminaker@uwaterloo.ca.
authors.forename: Leia M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Minaker
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Dana Lee
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Olstad
authors.affiliation: Atlantic Pharmasave, 491 Chebucto St, Baddeck, NS, B0E 1B0, Canada.
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: MacKenzie
authors.affiliation: Propel Centre for Population Health Impact, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
authors.forename: Nghia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Propel Centre for Population Health Impact, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
authors.forename: Sunday
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Azagba
authors.affiliation: Toronto Public Health, 277 Victoria Street, 5th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W2, Canada.
authors.forename: Brian E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.affiliation: Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Ave, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada.
authors.forename: Catherine L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Mah
mesh_terms: D002253:Carbonated Beverages / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003132:Commerce / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009674:Nova Scotia; D010594:Pharmacies / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*