title: Sustained diffusion reversal with in-bore reperfusion in monkey stroke models: Confirmed by prospective magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: Although early diffusion lesion reversal after recanalization treatment of acute ischaemic stroke has been observed in clinical settings, the reversibility of lesions observed by diffusion-weighted imaging remains controversial. Here, we present consistent observations of sustained diffusion lesion reversal after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in a monkey stroke model. Seven rhesus macaques were subjected to endovascular transient middle cerebral artery occlusion with in-bore reperfusion confirmed by repeated prospective diffusion-weighted imaging. Early diffusion lesion reversal was defined as lesion reversal at 3 h after reperfusion. Sustained diffusion lesion reversal was defined as the difference between the ADC-derived pre-reperfusion maximal ischemic lesion volume (ADCD-P Match) and the lesion on 4-week follow-up FLAIR magnetic resonance imaging. Diffusion lesions were spatiotemporally assessed using a 3-D voxel-based quantitative technique. The ADCD-P Matchwas 9.7 ± 6.0% (mean ± SD) and the final infarct was 1.2-6.0% of the volume of the ipsilateral hemisphere. Early diffusion lesion reversal and sustained diffusion lesion reversal were observed in all seven animals, and the calculated percentages compared with their ADCD-P Matchranged from 8.3 to 51.9% (mean ± SD, 26.9 ± 15.3%) and 41.7-77.8% (mean ± SD, 65.4 ± 12.2%), respectively. Substantial sustained diffusion lesion reversal and early reversal were observed in all animals in this monkey model of transient focal cerebral ischaemia.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Sik
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chi-Hoon
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: 2 National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Rae
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 3 Medical Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hong Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 2 National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Youngjeon
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 2 National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kang-Jin
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: 4 Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jinwoo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: 2 National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu-Tae
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.|5 College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Cha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D057510:Endovascular Procedures; D005260:Female; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D015424:Reperfusion; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Animal model; brain imaging; brain ischaemia; brain recovery; diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging