title: Mucopolysaccharidosis I; Parental beliefs about the impact of disease on the quality of life of their children.
abstract: Hematopoietic stem cell transplants, alongside enzyme replacement therapy and good multi-disciplinary care, have dramatically improved the life expectancy in children with Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) I, with better objective and functional outcomes. Despite these improvements, children with both the attenuated (non-Hurler) and severe (Hurler) variants of the disease have marked residual morbidity. Children with MPS I suffer with head and neck disease including obstructive sleep apnoea and hearing loss. The impact of these on quality of life has been poorly researched and no previous work has been published looking at patients' perception of their own health, an important domain when considering the impact of treatment.
  
  
  
  This exploratory qualitative study aimed to discover the effect of head and neck disease, alongside that of MPS I as a whole, on the quality of life of affected children. A grounded theory approach was used to conduct this study. Children and their parents were invited to participate in semi-structured interviews. The transcribed interviews were coded and emergent themes explored until saturation occurred.
  
  
  
  The families of eleven children with MPS I were interviewed, five with Hurler's and six with the attenuated non-Hurler's. Important themes to emerge were- the fear of dying associated with obstructive sleep apnoea, difficulties communicating at school due to the delayed acquisition of language, chronic pain and restricted mobility, physical differences and restricted participation in social activities such as sports secondary to the musculoskeletal disease burden. The overall theme running through the analysis was the desire to fit in with ones peers.
  
  
  
  Parents and children with MPS 1 worry about 'fitting-in' with broader society. The presence of airway disease has a profound impact on the emotional well being of parents whilst language delay and musculoskeletal disease have the biggest impact on the quality of life of the children themselves. It is important to understand the impact of MPS I on the quality of life of children and their families so that we may improve future treatment and management of this sub-group of children who have an increasing life span.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory and Allergy Centre, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. archanasj@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soni-Jaiswal
authors.affiliation: Willink Unit, Saint Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mercer
authors.affiliation: Willink Unit, Saint Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Respiratory and Allergy Centre, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.|Paediatric ENT Department, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social work, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Callery
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D056947:Enzyme Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008059:Mucopolysaccharidosis I / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011788:Quality of Life; D012119:Respiration; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Mucopolysaccharidosis I; Musculoskeletal disease; Obstructive sleep apnoea; Otolaryngology; Qualitative research; Quality of life