title: A relevant exposure to a food matrix contaminated environmentally by polychlorinated biphenyls induces liver and brain disruption in rats.
abstract: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants present in dietary fats. Most studies evaluating PCB effects have been conducted with a single compound or a mixture of PCBs given as a single acute dose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vivo PCB toxicity in a realistic model of exposure: a low daily dose of PCBs (twice the tolerable daily intake (TDI)), chronically administered (8 weeks) to rats in contaminated goat milk. Liver and brain PCB toxicities were investigated by evaluating oxidative stress status and mitochondrial function. PCB toxicity in the liver was also estimated by transaminase enzymatic activity. This study shows that even at low doses, chronic PCB exposure resulted in a statistically significant reduction of mitochondrial function in liver and brain. In the liver, oxygen consumption in the condition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production (state 3) decreased by 22-29% (p < 0.01), according to the respiratory substrates. In the brain, respiratory chain complexes II and III were reduced by 24% and 39%, respectively (p < 0.005). The exposed rats presented higher lipid peroxidation status (+20%, p < 0.05) and transaminase activity (+30%, p < 0.05) in the blood. Thus, our study showed that exposure of rats to a daily realistic dose of PCBs (twice the TDI in a food complex mixture of environmental origin) resulted in multiple disruptions in the liver and brain.
authors.affiliation: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, Environmental and Systems Biology, Inserm, U1055, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; TIMC-IMAG CNRS UMR 5525, Laboratoire PRETA, Cœur et Nutrition, Université Joseph Fourier, Domaine de la Merci, 38706 La Tronche Cedex, France. Electronic address: faycal.ounnas@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr.
authors.forename: Fayçal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ounnas
authors.affiliation: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, Environmental and Systems Biology, Inserm, U1055, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; TIMC-IMAG CNRS UMR 5525, Laboratoire PRETA, Cœur et Nutrition, Université Joseph Fourier, Domaine de la Merci, 38706 La Tronche Cedex, France. Electronic address: florenceprive@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Privé
authors.affiliation: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, Environmental and Systems Biology, Inserm, U1055, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France. Electronic address: frederic.lamarche@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr.
authors.forename: Fréderic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lamarche
authors.affiliation: TIMC-IMAG CNRS UMR 5525, Laboratoire PRETA, Cœur et Nutrition, Université Joseph Fourier, Domaine de la Merci, 38706 La Tronche Cedex, France. Electronic address: patricia.salen@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salen
authors.affiliation: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, Environmental and Systems Biology, Inserm, U1055, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France. Electronic address: isabelle.hininger@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Favier-Hininger
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments, LUNAM Université, Oniris, USC 1329, Route de Gachet, CS 50707, 44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France. Electronic address: philippe.marchand@oniris-nantes.fr.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marchand
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments, LUNAM Université, Oniris, USC 1329, Route de Gachet, CS 50707, 44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France. Electronic address: bruno.lebizec@oniris-nantes.fr.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Le Bizec
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments, LUNAM Université, Oniris, USC 1329, Route de Gachet, CS 50707, 44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France. Electronic address: anais.venisseau@oniris-nantes.fr.
authors.forename: Anais
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Venisseau
authors.affiliation: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, Environmental and Systems Biology, Inserm, U1055, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France. Electronic address: cecile.batandier@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Batandier
authors.affiliation: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, Environmental and Systems Biology, Inserm, U1055, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Grenoble University Hospital, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France. Electronic address: eric.fontaine@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fontaine
authors.affiliation: TIMC-IMAG CNRS UMR 5525, Laboratoire PRETA, Cœur et Nutrition, Université Joseph Fourier, Domaine de la Merci, 38706 La Tronche Cedex, France. Electronic address: michel.delorgeril@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Lorgeril
authors.affiliation: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, Environmental and Systems Biology, Inserm, U1055, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France. Electronic address: christine.demeilliers@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Demeilliers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls
keywords: Food matrix; Low dose; Mitochondria; Oxidative stress; PCBs