title: Marginal Accuracy of Castings Produced with Different Investment Systems.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of casting ring to produce accurate castings has been challenged with the introduction of a ringless casting technique. This study compared the marginal accuracy of all - metal complete coverage crowns fabricated with ringless, split plastic ring and metal ring investment systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 40 all- metal complete coverage crowns were fabricated on a metal die. The crowns were divided in 4 groups (Group A, B, C and D) of 10 patterns each. A ringless system of investing and casting was used for group A whereas a split plastic ring system was used for group B. Groups C and D utilized metal ring with single and double layers of asbestos free cellulose acetate liner respectively for investing and casting procedures. The restorations were seated on the metal die and the vertical marginal discrepancy was evaluated by measuring the gap between the finish line on the die and the margins of the crown on four specific sites with an optical microscope. Statistical analysis was carried out using ANOVA and multiple comparison "t" test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean vertical marginal discrepancy for groups A, B, C and D was 95μm, 136μm, 128μm and 104μm respectively. Vertical marginal discrepancy on each surface was compared among the four groups. Difference of vertical marginal discrepancy on buccal surface (p<0.0001) as well as distal surface (p<0.005) was highly significant whereas it was non-significant on lingual and mesial surfaces (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Accurate castings with better marginal fit can be produced with ringless casting technique.
authors.affiliation: Graded specialist (Prosthetic Dentistry), 15 Corps Dental Unit, PIN-903515, C/o 56 APO.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Yadav
keywords: All-metal complete coverage crowns; Ringless technique; Vertical marginal discrepancy