title: Identification and analysis of Triphenyltin chloride with surface enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy.
abstract: Triphenyltin (TPhT) is a kind of organotin compounds which have been used ubiquitously as herbicide, pesticide, and fungicide in agriculture. The present study provides the possibility to detect and monitor TPhT with normal Raman spectroscopy and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. Firstly, the complete vibrational Raman spectra characterization of TPhT along with the IR spectroscopy were reported for the first time. Then a wide range of pH values were carried out to choose the optimal pH value in TPhT detection by using Raman spectroscopy. Afterwards, Raman spectra of various TPhT solutions were collected and analyzed. The results indicate that the optimal pH value for TPhT detection by Raman spectroscopy is 5.5, and with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) as SERS substrate is an effective technique for trace TPhT detection with an enhancement by 5 orders of magnitude and the detection limit can be as low as 0.6 ng/L within less than 30 s. Finally, in this study, the residual of TPhT on apple peel was investigated by casting different concentrations of TPhT on apple peel under the current optimized condition. The result demonstrates that TPhT could be detected based on its SESR spectra at 6.25 ng/cm(2) in standard solutions.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China. Electronic address: gao-junmin@126.com.
authors.forename: Jun-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Song
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
authors.forename: Qiu-Hong
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China. Electronic address: lxhsuda@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Juan
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Ling
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
authors.forename: Shi-Xuan
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D009947:Organotin Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry; D012996:Solutions; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman
chemical_list: D009947:Organotin Compounds; D012996:Solutions; D012834:Silver; C030665:triphenyltin; C012594:triphenyltin chloride
keywords: Pesticides detection; Raman spectroscopy; Silver nanoparticles; Surface enhanced Raman scattering; Triphenyltin