title: Transplantation and Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs).
abstract: Upon solid organ transplantation and during cancer immunotherapy, cellular stress responses result in the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The various cellular stresses have been characterized in detail over the last decades, but a unifying classification based on clinically important aspects is lacking. Here, we provide an in-depth review of the most recent literature along with a unifying concept of the danger/injury model, suggest a classification of DAMPs, and review the recently elaborated mechanisms that result in the emission of such factors. We further point out the differences in DAMP responses including the release following a heat shock pattern, endoplasmic reticulum stress, DNA damage-mediated DAMP release, and discuss the diverse pathways of regulated necrosis in this respect. The understanding of various forms of DAMPs and the consequences of their different release patterns are prerequisite to associate serum markers of cellular stresses with clinical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich, Germany.|Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, Plateforme GENOMAX, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.|LabexTRANSPLANTEX, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Land
authors.affiliation: Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Agostinis
authors.affiliation: Immunology Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gasser
authors.affiliation: Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.affiliation: Cluster of Excellence EXC306, Inflammation at Interfaces, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.|Clinic for Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6287-9725
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Linkermann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009336:Necrosis; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*
keywords: basic (laboratory) research/science; cell death; cellular biology; immunobiology; molecular biology; rejection; tissue injury and repair; translational research/science