title: [Pain and opioid dependency as multilevel network phenomenon : Theoretical and metatheoretical aspects].
abstract: Methodological reflections on pain research and pain therapy focussing on addiction risks are addressed in this article. Starting from the incompleteness of objectification of the purely subjectively fully understandable phenomena of pain and addiction, the relevance of a comprehensive general psychology is underlined. It is shown that that reduction of pain and addiction to a mainly focally arguing neurobiology is only possible if both disciplines have a systemic concept of pain and addiction. With this aim, parallelized conceptual network models are presented.
authors.affiliation: Bayerische Akademie für Suchtfragen, Landwehrstr. 60-62, 80336, München, Deutschland. felix.tretter@bas-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tretter
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D066249:Craving / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D019222:Mind-Body Relations, Metaphysical; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010990:Pleasure-Pain Principle; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents
keywords: Epistemology; Neurochemi network; Opioid-related disorders; Pain-pleasure relation; Research, pain; Systemic psychology