title: Advancements in the maintenance of skin barrier/skin lipid composition and the involvement of metabolic enzymes.
abstract: The human skin barrier has an important role in protection and defense, reflected not only in the ability to resist entry of harmful substances into the human body, but also in the ability to prevent loss of water and nutrients. Once the skin barrier is damaged, the skin may become dry, scaly, and wrinkled, and a series of skin problems may occur. In this article, we review the composition of lipids, such as ceramides, cholesterol, and free fatty acids, in the skin and examine the expression of enzymes related to lipid metabolism, such as kallikreins, elongase of elongation of very long-chain fatty acids, hydrolases, and lipid synthases. Additionally, we discuss the involvement of these proteins in skin barrier function and structure. The information presented in this review is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the development of skin care products facilitating the maintenance and repair of skin barrier function.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Wei
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Children' Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Children' Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Gao-Lei
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The High School Affiliated to the Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jing-Yi
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
authors.forename: Cong-Fen
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D002518:Ceramides / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology; D000081031:Fatty Acid Elongases; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology; D005962:Glucosylceramidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000502:physiology*; D058945:Lipoxygenases / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology*; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena; D013108:Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002518:Ceramides; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol; D058945:Lipoxygenases; D000123:Acetyltransferases; D000081031:Fatty Acid Elongases; D013108:Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase; D005962:Glucosylceramidase; D007610:Kallikreins
keywords: ceramides; free fatty acids; kallikrein; skin barrier