title: Influence of parity and sexual history on cytomegalovirus seroprevalence among women aged 20-49 years in the USA.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the influence of parity, as a proxy for exposure to children, and sexual history on cytomegalovirus (CMV) seroprevalence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were retrospectively analyzed from women aged 20-49 years who were tested for CMV immunoglobulin G antibodies in the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative survey of the US population. Logistic regression was used to determine independent variables associated with CMV seroprevalence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 3710 women, the age-adjusted CMV seroprevalence was 61.3% (95% CI 58.9%-63.6%). In age-adjusted univariate analysis, women who had given birth at least once had higher overall CMV seroprevalence (66.0%, 95% CI 63.1%-68.9%) than did those who had not given birth (49.0%, 95% CI 44.4%-53.7%; P<0.001). In multivariate logistic analysis, higher CMV seroprevalence was independently associated with number of live births (each additional birth: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.3), age at first sexual intercourse (<18 vs ≥18years: aOR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6), lifetime sexual partners (≥10 vs <10: aOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.9), and herpes type 2 seropositivity (aOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.5-2.6) after controlling for age, race/Hispanic origin, place of birth, poverty index, and education.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among US women of reproductive age, parity and sexual exposures were independently associated with increased CMV seroprevalence.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: tmlanzieri@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Tatiana M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Lanzieri
authors.affiliation: National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Deanna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kruszon-Moran
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gambhir
authors.affiliation: National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Bialek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D003587:Cytomegalovirus; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral
keywords: Cytomegalovirus; Parity; Reproductive age; Seroprevalence