title: Tetraodon nigroviridis: A model of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection.
abstract: Vibriosis is the most common bacterial diseases and brings great economic loss on aquaculture. Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus), a gram-negative bacterium, has been identified as one main pathogens of Vibriosis. The pathogenic mechanism of V. parahaemolyticus is not entirely clear now. In our study, a model of V. parahaemolyticus infection of green-spotted puffer fish (Tetraodon nigroviridis) was established. T. nigroviridis were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 200 μL of V. parahaemolyticus (8 × 10(10) CFU/mL). V. parahaemolyticus infection caused 64% mortality and infected some organs of T. nigroviridis. Histopathology studies revealed V. parahaemolyticus infection induced tissue structural changes, including adipose hollow space in the liver. Immunohistochemistry showed V. parahaemolyticus were present in infected tissue such as liver, head kidney and spleen. In livers of T. nigroviridis infected by V. parahaemolyticus, the alkaline phosphatases (ALP) activity first gradually increased and then backed to normal level, a trend that was on the contrary to the expression profile of the miR-29b. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression level of TLR1, TLR2, TLR5, TLR9, TLR21, NOD1, NOD2 and IL-6 in response to V. parahaemolyticus infection decreased compared to that of non-infected fish. The establishment of the T. nigroviridis model of V. parahaemolyticus infection further confirmed V. parahaemolyticus spreads through the blood circulation system primary as an extracellular pathogen. Meanwhile, liver is an important target organ when infected by V. parahaemolyticus. miR-29b in liver was involved in the progress of liver steatosis during V. parahaemolyticus infection. Moreover, V. parahaemolyticus infection in vivo may have an effect of immunosuppression on host.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
authors.forename: Wan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
authors.forename: Gao-Fei
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
authors.forename: Liang-Ge
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
authors.forename: Yao-Si
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Huizhou University, Huizhou, 516007, China.
authors.forename: Li-Bin
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
authors.forename: Hao-Ran
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China. Electronic address: ludanqi@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Dan-Qi
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D023721:Tetraodontiformes; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014736:Vibrio parahaemolyticus / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition
keywords: Liver; Pattern recognition receptors; Tetraodon nigroviridis; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; miR-29b