title: Mating-Type Gene Structure and Spatial Distribution of Didymella tanaceti in Pyrethrum Fields.
abstract: Tan spot of pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) is caused by the ascomycete Didymella tanaceti. To assess the evolutionary role of ascospores in the assumed asexual species, the structure and arrangement of mating-type (MAT) genes were examined. A single MAT1-1 or MAT1-2 idiomorph was identified in all isolates examined, indicating that the species is heterothallic. The idiomorphs were flanked upstream and downstream by regions encoding pyridoxamine phosphate oxidase-like and DNA lyase-like proteins, respectively. A multiplex MAT-specific polymerase chain reaction assay was developed and used to genotype 325 isolates collected within two transects in each of four fields in Tasmania, Australia. The ratio of isolates of each mating-type in each transect was consistent with a 1:1 ratio. The spatial distribution of the isolates of the two mating-types within each transect was random for all except one transect for MAT1-1 isolates, indicating that clonal patterns of each mating-type were absent. However, evidence of a reduced selection pressure on MAT1-1 isolates was observed, with a second haplotype of the MAT1-1-1 gene identified in 4.4% of MAT1-1 isolates. In vitro crosses between isolates with opposite mating-types failed to produce ascospores. Although the sexual morph could not be induced, the occurrence of both mating-types in equal frequencies suggested that a cryptic sexual mode of reproduction may occur within field populations.
authors.affiliation: First and second authors: Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Burnie, Tasmania 7320, Australia; and third and fourth authors: Cornell University, School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456.
authors.forename: Tamieka L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.affiliation: First and second authors: Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Burnie, Tasmania 7320, Australia; and third and fourth authors: Cornell University, School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456.
authors.forename: Jason B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.affiliation: First and second authors: Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Burnie, Tasmania 7320, Australia; and third and fourth authors: Cornell University, School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456.
authors.forename: Frank S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Hay
authors.affiliation: First and second authors: Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Burnie, Tasmania 7320, Australia; and third and fourth authors: Cornell University, School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456.
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Pethybridge
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D011723:Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium / Q000382:microbiology*; D049770:Genes, Mating Type, Fungal / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D060885:Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D013172:Spores, Fungal; D013648:Tasmania