title: Associations between osteoporosis and coronary artery disease in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Coronary artery disease (CAD) and osteoporosis are major causes of mortality and morbidity in postmenopausal women. We aimed to investigate the association between osteoporosis and CAD in asymptomatic postmenopausal women at a single center.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 863 postmenopausal women without histories of cardiovascular diseases who visited the Health Promotion Center from June 1, 2004 to May 31, 2015. All subjects were screened for bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and for the degree of CAD by multidetector computed tomography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low BMD including osteopenia and osteoporosis was found to be significantly associated with old age, low body mass index, and a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus. The incidences of CAD including a high coronary artery calcium score (≥100), obstructive coronary artery disease, and multivessel disease were significantly higher in subjects with low BMD. After adjusting for age and cardiovascular risk factors, osteoporosis was associated with a high coronary artery calcium score (p = 0.015) and with obstructive coronary artery disease (p = 0.002). There was a trend toward significance with multivessel disease (p = 0.052).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High coronary artery calcium score and obstructive coronary artery disease, as revealed by multidetector computed tomography, were associated with osteoporosis in asymptomatic postmenopausal women, independent of cardiovascular risk factors and age.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Internal Medicine , St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea , Suwon , South Korea ;
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: a Department of Internal Medicine , St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea , Suwon , South Korea ;
authors.forename: J-Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: b Department of Family Medicine , St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea , Suwon , South Korea.
authors.forename: Y-M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Eun
authors.affiliation: b Department of Family Medicine , St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea , Suwon , South Korea.
authors.forename: S-W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: a Department of Internal Medicine , St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea , Suwon , South Korea ;
authors.forename: K-W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Moon
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017698:Postmenopause; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: Osteoporosis; coronary artery calcium score; multivessel disease; obstructive coronary artery disease; postmenopausal women