title: Immunohistochemical analysis of IL-1 beta in the discs of patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a cytokine that participates in the regulation of immune responses and inflammatory reactions. It is hypothesized that IL-1 levels may be elevated in patients suffering from temporomandibular joint dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of IL-1β expression with TMD using an immunohistochemical approach to evaluate the joint disc.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 39 human temporomandibular joint disc samples were collected, with 31 samples in the test group. Nineteen of the test group samples were from discs of patients with anterior disc displacement with reduction, and 12 of the samples were from patients with anterior disc displacement without reduction. Eight control samples were used in the control group. The samples were immunostained and evaluated on both quantity and intensity of staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the control and test groups for both quantity and intensity of staining.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-1β plays a role in the inflammatory process and degradation of TMJ discs in patients with TMJ dysfunctions.
authors.affiliation: a Oral Sciences Department, Oral Surgery , School of Dentistry, Marquette University , Milwaukee , WI , USA.
authors.forename: Luis Eduardo
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9802-3782
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: a Oral Sciences Department, Oral Surgery , School of Dentistry, Marquette University , Milwaukee , WI , USA.
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.affiliation: a Oral Sciences Department, Oral Surgery , School of Dentistry, Marquette University , Milwaukee , WI , USA.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zacharias
authors.affiliation: b Biomedical Sciences , College of Health Sciences, Marquette University , Milwaukee , WI , USA.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cullinan
authors.affiliation: c School of Health and Biosciences , Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná , Curitiba , Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Noronha
authors.affiliation: c School of Health and Biosciences , Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná , Curitiba , Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olandoski
authors.affiliation: d Periodontics Department, School of Dentistry , Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná , Curitiba , Parana , Brazil.
authors.forename: Vinicius
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5209-1851
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tramontina
authors.affiliation: e Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section , University of Catania , Catania , Italy.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Loreto
authors.affiliation: f Department of Surgical Sciences , University of Catania , Catania , Italy.
authors.forename: Rosalia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leonardi
mesh_terms: D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019224:Temporomandibular Joint Disc / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D053583:Interleukin-1beta
keywords: IL-1; Immunohistochemistry; Temporomandibular joint