title: Changes in dynamic balance control over time in children with and without Developmental Coordination Disorder.
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine differences in underlying adaptations of dynamic balance in children with and without Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) during a Wii Fit game and to measure changes over time and after intervention. Twenty-eight children with DCD and 21 typically developing (TD) children participated in the study. Analyses of force plate variables showed that the TD group initially used a longer path length for the ski slope descent and tended toward more variation in Center of Pressure (CoP) displacement in lateral direction than the children with DCD. In contrast, the TD group showed a trend of fewer reversals per cm in both AP and lateral direction. After the nonintervention period, the TD group improved performance by decreasing the path length, while the DCD group improved by increasing the path length and by decreasing the number of reversals. After intervention, no changes were found in sway characteristics. Individual analyses within the DCD group showed that the path length per run fell more often within the 95% confidence Interval of the faultless runs. In conclusion both TD and DCD children modify the underlying kinetics of dynamic balance control, but in different ways and both lead to better performance.
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2-1, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: l.d.jelsma@rug.nl.
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Jelsma
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Old Main Building, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, Cape Town 8000, South Africa.
authors.forename: B C M
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Smits-Engelsman
authors.affiliation: Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen, Research Healthy Ageing Allied Health Care and Nursing, Eyssoniusplein 18, 9714 DC Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Krijnen
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2-1, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Geuze
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012865:Skiing / Q000502:physiology; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology
keywords: CoP; DCD; Dynamic balance; Kinetic behavior; Wii Fit