title: Rigid bronchoscopic intervention for endobronchial metastasis of renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal cell carcinoma is one of the major endobronchial metastases, and it occasionally causes life-threatening airway obstruction. Rigid bronchoscopy is useful as a palliative intervention; however, its utility for metastatic renal cell carcinoma has not been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of rigid bronchoscopic treatment for endobronchial metastasis of renal cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 550 patients who underwent rigid bronchoscopic intervention at a single center from January 2005 to June 2015, 9 with metastatic renal cell carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed. Procedures were performed with rigid and flexible bronchoscopes under general anesthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 20 procedures were performed on 9 patients who underwent stent implantation. Bleeding was observed in 12 (60%) procedures while severe hypoxia was observed in 2 (10%). The required amount of supplemental oxygen successfully decreased after all the 10 procedures (100%) in patients who previously needed it. Median survival after the first procedure was of 260 days (range, 63-913 days).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rigid bronchoscopic intervention for endobronchial metastasis of renal cell carcinoma is feasible with safety and effectiveness for palliation of airway obstruction, if one prepares sufficiently for massive intraoperative bleeding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya Medical Center, 4-1-1, Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya 460-0001, Japan. Electronic address: riems215@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tsuboi
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya Medical Center, 4-1-1, Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya 460-0001, Japan. Electronic address: masahideo@aol.com.
authors.forename: Masahide
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oki
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya Medical Center, 4-1-1, Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya 460-0001, Japan. Electronic address: saka@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saka
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya Medical Center, 4-1-1, Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya 460-0001, Japan. Electronic address: yo-kogure@umin.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshihito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kogure
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya Medical Center, 4-1-1, Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya 460-0001, Japan. Electronic address: saorioka.a@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Saori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya Medical Center, 4-1-1, Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya 460-0001, Japan. Electronic address: nakahtms1231@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakahata
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya Medical Center, 4-1-1, Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya 460-0001, Japan. Electronic address: flavored_coffee10@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya Medical Center, 4-1-1, Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya 460-0001, Japan. Electronic address: konyasu222@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya Medical Center, 4-1-1, Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya 460-0001, Japan. Electronic address: yuko0525ise@hotmail.co.jp.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ise
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya Medical Center, 4-1-1, Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya 460-0001, Japan. Electronic address: drshaimaa76@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shimaa Nour
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Moursi Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya Medical Center, 4-1-1, Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya 460-0001, Japan. Electronic address: taomeimei1981585@sina.com.
authors.forename: Meimei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya Medical Center, 4-1-1, Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya 460-0001, Japan. Electronic address: kitagawc@nnh.hosp.go.jp.
authors.forename: Chiyoe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001984:Bronchial Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Airway stenosis; Airway stent; Bronchoscopy; Central airway obstruction; Renal cell carcinoma