title: The Association Between Metabolic Syndrome, Obesity-Related Outcomes, and ADHD in Adults With Comorbid Affective Disorders.
abstract: ADHD may predispose to obesity, a metabolic syndrome component. Affective disorders are also associated with MetSyn and ADHD. This study examined whether ADHD confers any added risk of MetSyn and obesity-related associations in a large sample with varying stages of affective disorders.
  
  
  
  Participants included 2,303 adults from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Three groups were compared (controls, those with depressive/anxiety disorders without ADHD; and those with depressive/anxiety disorders and ADHD) for presence of MetSyn risk factors, body mass index, and waist-hip ratio. ADHD symptoms were identified by using a T-score > 65 (Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale).
  
  
  
  Multivariable analyses were additionally adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, health factors, and affective disorders. Analyses showed no significant association between MetSyn, obesity-related variables, and comorbid ADHD. High Inattention and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity symptoms were not associated with MetSyn.
  
  
  
  This study did not confirm that MetSyn and obesity-related parameters are increased in comorbid ADHD.
authors.affiliation: 1 PsyQ Expertise Center Adult ADHD, The Hague, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wynchank
authors.affiliation: 1 PsyQ Expertise Center Adult ADHD, The Hague, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bijlenga
authors.affiliation: 2 VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Femke
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lamers
authors.affiliation: 1 PsyQ Expertise Center Adult ADHD, The Hague, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J J Sandra
authors.initials: JJS
authors.lastname: Kooij
authors.affiliation: 1 PsyQ Expertise Center Adult ADHD, The Hague, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Tannetje I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Bron
authors.affiliation: 2 VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Aartjan T F
authors.initials: ATF
authors.lastname: Beekman
authors.affiliation: 2 VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Brenda W J H
authors.initials: BWJH
authors.lastname: Penninx
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000523:psychology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ADHD; anxiety; depression; metabolic syndrome