title: Simultaneous in-vial acetylation solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of multiclass organic UV filters in water.
abstract: UV filters are a class of emerging contaminants that are widely used in personal care products (PCPs) and that can be detected at low concentrations in the aquatic environment (ngL-1). Sensitive modern analytical methods are then mandatory to accurately analyze them. A methodology based on solid-phase-microextraction (SPME), considered as a 'Green Chemistry' technique, followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of 14 UV filters of different chemical nature in environmental and recreational waters. In-vial low-cost derivatization was carried out to improve chromatographic performance of phenolic compounds. The extraction parameters (fiber coating, extraction mode, and salt addition) were optimized by means of experimental designs in order to achieve reliable conditions. Finally, the SPME-GC-MS/MS method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy and precision with LODs in the low ngL-1level. Its application to the analysis of 28 different samples including sea, river, spa, swimming pool, and aquapark waters, enabled the detection of 11 target UV filters at concentration levels up to 540μgL-1, highlighting the presence of OCR in all analyzed samples and of 2EHMC (proposed to be considered as priority pollutant) in 79% of them.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Research and Development of Analytical Solutions (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Marlene
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vila
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Research and Development of Analytical Solutions (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Celeiro
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Research and Development of Analytical Solutions (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: J Pablo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lamas
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Research and Development of Analytical Solutions (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garcia-Jares
authors.affiliation: Galician Institute for Food Quality, Agronomic and Agrarian Research Centre (INGACAL-CIAM), Unit of Organic Contaminants, E-15080 A Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dagnac
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Research and Development of Analytical Solutions (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Electronic address: maria.llompart@usc.es.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Llompart
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D057230:Limit of Detection; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000145:classification; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000145:classification
chemical_list: D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Emerging contaminants; GC–MS/MS; Personal care products; SPME; Ultraviolet filters; Water analysis