title: Associations of serum Magnesium levels with diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is a common problem in diabetic patients. Deficiency of Mg may increase the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and occurrence of diabetic complications. In this study, our aim was to evaluate an association between serum Mg level,  glycemic regulation, and diabetic complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective study 673 diabetic patients were evaluated. According to Mg levels, the patients were divided into two groups; as normomagnesemic patients and hypomagnesemic patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the patients, 57.8% were men and 42.2% were women. Mean age was 55.6 years and the mean duration of diabetes was 81 ± 86.9 months. The mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was 9.0 ±2.4 % (4.5-18); mean magnesium level was 1.97 ± 0.25 (1.13 to 3.0) mg / dl.  There were 55 patients (8.2%) with diabetic retinopathy and 95 patients (14.1%) with diabetic neuropathy. Five hundred patients (74.3%)  had normoalbuminuria; 133 patients (19. 8%) had microalbuminuria (MA) and 40 patients (5.9%) had overt proteinuria. One hundred and seventy one patients (25.4%) had HbA1c levels equal or below 7%; and 502 patients (74.6%) had HbA1c levels above 7%. There was no statistical difference in age or duration of diabetes between the groups formed according to Mg levels. Although there were no differences between the groups for retinopathy and neuropathy, MA was more common in hypomagnesemic patients (p =0.004). HbA1c levels did not differ between the groups (p =0.243). However there was a weak negative correlation between serum Mg and HbA1c levels (r =-0.110, p =0.004) and also between serum Mg and urine protein level  (r =-0.127, p =0.018).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mg depletion is a common problem in patients with DM. It affects both glycemic regulation and the occurence of complications. Also, poor glycemic regulation affects serum Mg levels. Hippokratia 2015; 19 (2):153-157.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Sakarya Education and Research Hospital, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arpaci
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Sakarya Education and Research Hospital, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Tocoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Sakarya Education and Research Hospital, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ergenc
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Sakarya Education and Research Hospital, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Korkmaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Sakarya Education and Research Hospital, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ucar
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Sakarya Education and Research Hospital, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tamer
keywords: Hypomagnesemia; diabetic complication; poor glycemic control