title: Hearing Loss, Dizziness, and Carbohydrate Metabolism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolic activity of the inner ear is very intense, and makes it sensitive to changes in the body homeostasis. This study involves a group of patients with inner ear disorders related to carbohydrate metabolism disturbances, including hearing loss, tinnitus, dizziness, and episodes of vertigo.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the symptoms of metabolic inner ear disorders and the examinations required to establish diagnoses. These symptoms are often the first to allow for an early diagnosis of metabolic disorders and diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study of 376 patients with inner ear symptoms suggestive of disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism. The authors present patientś clinical symptoms and clinical evaluations, with emphasis on the glucose and insulin essays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Authors based their conclusions on otolaryngological findings, diagnostic procedures and treatment principles. They found that auditory and vestibular symptoms usually occur prior to other manifestations of metabolic changes, leading to an early diagnosis of hyperinsulinemia, intestinal sugar malabsorption or diabetes. Previously undiagnosed diabetes mellitus type II was found in 39 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The identification of carbohydrate metabolism disturbances is important not only to minimize the patients' clinical symptoms, but also to help maintain their general health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Albert Einstein, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro L Mangabeira
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Albernaz
keywords: carbohydrate metabolism; dizziness; sensorineural hearing loss