title: Combinatorial MAPLE deposition of antimicrobial orthopedic maps fabricated from chitosan and biomimetic apatite powders.
abstract: Chitosan/biomimetic apatite thin films were grown in mild conditions of temperature and pressure by Combinatorial Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation on Ti, Si or glass substrates. Compositional gradients were obtained by simultaneous laser vaporization of the two distinct material targets. A KrF* excimer (λ=248nm, τFWHM=25ns) laser source was used in all experiments. The nature and surface composition of deposited materials and the spatial distribution of constituents were studied by SEM, EDS, AFM, GIXRD, FTIR, micro-Raman, and XPS. The antimicrobial efficiency of the chitosan/biomimetic apatite layers against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains was interrogated by viable cell count assay. The obtained thin films were XRD amorphous and exhibited a morphology characteristic to the laser deposited structures composed of nanometric round shaped grains. The surface roughness has progressively increased with chitosan concentration. FTIR, EDS and XPS analyses indicated that the composition of the BmAp-CHT C-MAPLE composite films gradually modified from pure apatite to chitosan. The bioevaluation tests indicated that S. aureus biofilm is more susceptible to the action of chitosan-rich areas of the films, whilst the E. coli biofilm proved more sensible to areas containing less chitosan. The best compromise should therefore go, in our opinion, to zones with intermediate-to-high chitosan concentration which can assure a large spectrum of antimicrobial protection concomitantly with a significant enhancement of osseointegration, favored by the presence of biomimetic hydroxyapatite.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele-Ilfov, Romania.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Visan
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Materials Physics, 077125 Magurele-Ilfov, Romania.
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Stan
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele-Ilfov, Romania.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ristoscu
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele-Ilfov, Romania.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Popescu-Pelin
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele-Ilfov, Romania.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sopronyi
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Materials Physics, 077125 Magurele-Ilfov, Romania.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Besleaga
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele-Ilfov, Romania.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luculescu
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Division, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 77206 Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chifiriuc
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Division, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 77206 Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hussien
authors.affiliation: University of Toulouse, CIRIMAT, UPS ⿿ INPT ⿿ CNRS, ENSIACET, 4 Allée Emile Monso, 31030 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Marsan
authors.affiliation: University of Toulouse, CIRIMAT, UPS ⿿ INPT ⿿ CNRS, ENSIACET, 4 Allée Emile Monso, 31030 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kergourlay
authors.affiliation: University of Toulouse, CIRIMAT, UPS ⿿ INPT ⿿ CNRS, ENSIACET, 4 Allée Emile Monso, 31030 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grossin
authors.affiliation: University of Toulouse, CIRIMAT, UPS ⿿ INPT ⿿ CNRS, ENSIACET, 4 Allée Emile Monso, 31030 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brouillet
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele-Ilfov, Romania. Electronic address: ion.mihailescu@inflpr.ro.
authors.forename: I N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Mihailescu
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001031:Apatites / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects*; D011208:Powders; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001031:Apatites; D011208:Powders; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Antimicrobial action; Biomimetic apatite; Chitosan; Combinatorial MAPLE; E. coli.; S. aureus; Thin films