title: Surveillance of Mosquitoes and Selected Arthropod-Borne Viruses in the Context of Milan EXPO 2015.
abstract: From 1 May 2015 to 31 October 2015 over 20 million visitors from all over the world visited the Universal Exhibition (EXPO) hosted by Milan (Lombardy region, Italy), raising concerns about the possible introduction of mosquito-borne diseases from endemic countries. The entomological surveillance protocol performed in Lombardy over the last three years was implemented in the EXPO area and in the two major regional airports using both Center for Disease Control CO₂ and Biogents Sentinel traps. This surveillance aimed to estimate the presence and densities of putative vectors, and also to support investigations, including the vector species involved and area of diffusion, on the local spread of Chikungunya, Dengue and West Nile viruses (WNV) by competent vectors. From 3544 mosquitoes belonging to five different species, 28 pools of Culex spp. and 45 pools of Aedes spp. were screened for the presence of WNV, and for both Chikungunya and flaviviruses, respectively. The entomological surveillance highlighted a low density of potential vectors in the surveyed areas and did not reveal the presence of Chikungunya or Dengue viruses in the local competent vectors inside the EXPO area or in the two airports. In addition, the surveillance reported a low density of Culex spp. mosquitoes, which all tested negative for WNV.
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia 25124, Italy. mario.chiari@izsler.it.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chiari
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia 25124, Italy. mattia.calzolari@izsler.it.
authors.forename: Mattia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Calzolari
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia 25124, Italy. alice.prosperi@izsler.it.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prosperi
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia 25124, Italy. simona.perulli@izsler.it.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perulli
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia 25124, Italy. francesca.faccin@izsler.it.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Faccin
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia 25124, Italy. dominga.avisani@izsler.it.
authors.forename: Dominga
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Avisani
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia 25124, Italy. monicapierangela.cerioli@izsler.it.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cerioli
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia 25124, Italy. mariagrazia.zanoni@izsler.it.
authors.forename: Mariagrazia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zanoni
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia 25124, Italy. marco.tironi@izsler.it.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tironi
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia 25124, Italy. marco.bertoletti90@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bertoletti
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia 25124, Italy. francesco.defilippo@izsler.it.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Defilippo
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia 25124, Italy. anamaria.morenomartin@izsler.it.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.affiliation: Regional Health Authority of Lombardy, Milan 20124, Italy. Marco_farioli@regione.lombardia.it.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farioli
authors.affiliation: Regional Health Authority of Lombardy, Milan 20124, Italy. Alessandra_piatti@regione.lombardia.it.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piatti
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia 25124, Italy. michele.dottori@izsler.it.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dottori
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia 25124, Italy. davide.lelli@izsler.it.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lelli
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia 25124, Italy. antonio.lavazza@izsler.it.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lavazza
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000821:virology*; D000818:Animals; D001103:Arboviruses / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002646:Chikungunya virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003465:Culex / Q000821:virology*; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007558:Italy; D011156:Population Density; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*
keywords: Chikungunya; Dengue; EXPO 2015; Lombardy region; West Nile virus; entomological surveillance; mosquito-borne diseases