title: Survey finds improvement in cognitive biases that drive overtreatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria after a successful antimicrobial stewardship intervention.
abstract: Lack of guideline knowledge and cognitive biases are barriers that drive overtreatment of catheter-associated asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB). We explored whether providers' knowledge and attitudes toward management of ASB differed before and after a multifaceted guidelines implementation intervention, reported elsewhere.
  
  
  
  We surveyed providers' knowledge of guidelines, cognitive-behavioral constructs, and self-reported familiarity with the relevant Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines. The survey was administered to providers in the preintervention (n = 169) and postintervention (n = 157) periods at the intervention site and postintervention (n = 65) at the comparison site.
  
  
  
  At the intervention site, the mean knowledge score increased significantly during the postintervention period (from 57.5%-69.9%; P < .0001) and fewer providers reported following incorrect cognitive cues (pyuria and organism type) for treatment of ASB. The knowledge of guidelines was higher in the postintervention sample after adjusting for provider type in the multiple linear regression analysis. Cognitive behavioral constructs (ie, self-efficacy, behavior, social norms, and risk perceptions) and self-reported familiarity with the guidelines also significantly improved during the postintervention period.
  
  
  
  We identified and targeted specific barriers that drive overtreatment of ASB. Guideline implementation interventions targeting cognitive biases are essential for encouraging the application of ASB guidelines into practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Larissa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grigoryan
authors.affiliation: Houston VA Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX; Section of Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Aanand D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Naik
authors.affiliation: Houston VA Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX; Section of Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Horwitz
authors.affiliation: South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, San Antonio, TX; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cadena
authors.affiliation: South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, San Antonio, TX; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX.
authors.forename: Jan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zoorob
authors.affiliation: Houston VA Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX; Section of Infectious Diseases, Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. Electronic address: trautner@bcm.edu.
authors.forename: Barbara W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Trautner
mesh_terms: D000569:Americas; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058345:Asymptomatic Infections; D001437:Bacteriuria / Q000188:drug therapy*; D055499:Catheter-Related Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004363:Drug Utilization; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D000069342:Medical Overuse; D011361:Professional Competence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Clinical practice guidelines; Medical education; Urinary catheterization; Urinary tract infection