title: Age-specific risk factors for incident disability in activities of daily living among middle-aged and elderly community-dwelling Japanese women during an 8-9-year follow up: The Hizen-Oshima study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purposes of the present study were to investigate risk factors for incident disability in activities of daily living (ADL) among middle-aged and older women, and to determine whether there are differences in risk factors according to age groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants were 264 Japanese women aged 40 years and older. A self-administered questionnaire was used to survey participants about difficulty in carrying out selected basic and instrumental ADL at baseline and at follow up. ADL disability was defined as difficulty carrying out three or more ADL. Information on knee joint or back pain and comorbidities (heart disease, lung disease, stroke or diabetes mellitus) was obtained using a self-administered questionnaire at baseline. Physical performance measurements (grip strength, chair stand time, rapid walking speed and functional reach) were also carried out at baseline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of incident ADL disability was 44 (27.5%) in women aged 40-64 years, and 57 (54.8%) in women aged ≥65 years (P < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that decreased grip strength and having pain were significantly associated with a higher risk for incident ADL disability among women aged 40-64 years. For women aged ≥65 years, decreased rapid walking speed, having a comorbidity and having pain were associated with incident ADL disability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study showed that a different set of risk factors was associated with incident ADL disability among women aged 40-64 years and women aged ≥65 years. Age-specific screening and intervention strategies are necessary for effective prevention of incident ADL disability. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1096-1101.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Public Health, Nagasaki, Japan.|Department of Rehabilitation, Nishi-Isahaya Hospital, Isahaya, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okabe
authors.affiliation: Departments of Public Health, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuyo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Departments of Public Health, Nagasaki, Japan.|Department of Rehabilitation, Nishi-Isahaya Hospital, Isahaya, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.affiliation: Departments of Public Health, Nagasaki, Japan.|Department of Rehabilitation, Nishi-Isahaya Hospital, Isahaya, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mizukami
authors.affiliation: Departments of Public Health, Nagasaki, Japan.|Department of Rehabilitation, Nishi-Isahaya Hospital, Isahaya, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanagae
authors.affiliation: Departments of Public Health, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arima
authors.affiliation: Departments of Public Health, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Ritsu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tsujimoto
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Natsumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Goto Health Care Office, Goto, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Center for Public Relations Strategy, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Itsuko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Horiguchi
authors.affiliation: Departments of Public Health, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoyagi
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: activities of daily living; back pain; comorbidity; knee pain; physical functioning