title: Evaluation of a Micro-Optical Coherence Tomography for the Corneal Endothelium in an Animal Model.
abstract: Recent developments in optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems for the cornea have limited resolution or acquisition speed. In this study we aim to evaluate the use of a 'micro-OCT' (μOCT ~1 μm axial resolution) compared to existing imaging modalities using animal models of corneal endothelial disease. We used established cryoinjury and bullous keratopathy models in Sprague Dawley rats comparing ex vivo μOCT imaging in normal and diseased eyes to (1) histology; (2) in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM); and (3) scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Qualitative and quantitative comparisons amongst imaging modalities were performed using mean endothelial cell circularity [(4π × Area)/Perimeter(2)] with coefficient of variation (COV). We found that μOCT imaging was able to delineate endothelial cells (with nuclei), detect inflammatory cells, and corneal layers with histology-like resolution, comparable to existing imaging modalities. The mean endothelial cell circularity score was 0.88 ± 0.03, 0.87 ± 0.04 and 0.88 ± 0.05 (P = 0.216) for the SEM, IVCM and μOCT respectively, with SEM producing homogenous endothelial cell images (COV = 0.028) compared to the IVCM (0.051) and μOCT (0.062). In summary, our preliminary study suggests that the μOCT may be useful for achieving non-contact, histology-like images of the cornea for endothelial cell evaluation, which requires further development for in vivo imaging.
authors.affiliation: Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.|Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.|Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ang
authors.affiliation: Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.|Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.
authors.forename: Aris
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Konstantopoulos
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.
authors.forename: Gwendoline
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goh
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.
authors.forename: Hla M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Htoon
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.
authors.forename: Xinyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Seah
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.
authors.forename: Nyein Chan
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Lwin
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical &Electronic Engineering and School of Chemical &Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
authors.forename: Xinyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical &Electronic Engineering and School of Chemical &Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
authors.forename: Si
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical &Electronic Engineering and School of Chemical &Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
authors.forename: Linbo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.|Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.|Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
authors.forename: Jodhbir S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Mehta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004728:Endothelium, Corneal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*