title: Anti-diabetic and anti-obesitic effects of aqueous extracts of Yangkyuksanhwa-tang and its two major compositions on db/db mice.
abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic syndrome that results from target-tissue resistance to insulin. Obesity is the condition of excess body fat accumulation. T2DM and obesity are both associated with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and abdominal obesity. In Korean medicine, Yangkyuksanhwa-tang (YKSHT) has been prescribed for patients with T2DM. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), multiplex assays and hemoglobin A1C(HbA1C) assessments were performed to determine the anti-diabetic effects of YKSHT and two major compositions of YKSHT, Lonicera japonica Thunb. (LJT) and Rehmannia glutinosa (RG) on db/db mice, a rodent model for T2DM. To study the anti-obesitic effects of LJT, RG or YKSHT, blood profiling including the triglycerides (TGs) and the total, LDL and HDL cholesterol levels were measured. In addition, body index measures such as the liver, retroperitoneal and epididymal fat tissues were collected and weighed. Mice treated with RG or YKSHT showed reduced blood glucose levels after stimulating the plasma GLP-1 levels. The multiplex assay results support the weight-controlling effects of the LJT, RG and YKSHT treatments, showing reducing levels of ghrelin and the induction of peptide YY (PYY) secretion. The YKSHT treatment reduced plasma TG levels and increased HDL cholesterol levels. The weights of the liver, retroperitoneal and epididymal fat tissues were reduced after the YKSHT treatment. Hence, we suggest that YKSHT can be utilized for the prevention and treatment of T2DM and obesity simultaneously.
authors.affiliation: Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: In-Seung
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Suk
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kang-Hoon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jiyoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeon-Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-140, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yun-Cheol
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Na
authors.affiliation: Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seok-Geun
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang Seok
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ssljh@daum.net.
authors.forename: Jun Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hjjang@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hyeung-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jang
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014280:Triglycerides; C000613897:yangkyuksanhwa-tang
keywords: Anti-diabetes; Anti-obesity; Lonicera japonica Thunb.; Obesity; Rehmannia glutinosa; T2DM; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; YKSHT; Yangkyuksanhwa-tang