title: Head-up tilt test results in child twins with nervous mediated syncope.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the familial genetic characteristics of syncope in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A detailed medical history was taken from four twin pairs of children complaining of dizziness, headache, chest tightness, chest pain, prodromal symptoms of syncope or syncope, meanwhile, these patients were given routine physical examination, 12-lead ECG, echocardiography, Holter ECG, EEG, MRI of the head and other tests to exclude cardio-cerebrovascular and pulmonary diseases, with those with unknown origin for syncope undergoing head-up tilt test (HUTT) and inquiry of detailed family history.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The four pairs of twins with syncope beginning at 7-12years and induced mostly by standing position (4/5), and positive family history was noted in two pairs. Vasovagal syncope (VVS)-vasoinhibitory response pattern was predominant in HUTT (4/5). The results and the response pattern in HUTT might diversify between two members within same twin pair: one appeared as vasoinhibitory response pattern and one postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) pattern in the first pair, one vasoinhibitory response pattern and one negative response pattern in the second pair, vasoinhibitory response pattern in the third pair and negative response pattern in the fourth pair.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hereditary factors may play a more important role in younger children with syncope. Environment and psychological factors may induced syncope attack. The results and the response pattern in HUTT are diversified and which might different between two members within twin pair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Wenhua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China. Electronic address: wangcheng2nd@126.com.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Lijia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Runmei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D004777:Environment; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D040941:Heredity / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods; D054972:Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D019462:Syncope, Vasovagal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D018667:Tilt-Table Test / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Family; Head-up tilt test; Twin; Vasovagal syncope