title: Prevention of transmission of HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and tuberculosis in prisoners.
abstract: The prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and tuberculosis are higher in prisons than in the general population in most countries worldwide. Prisons have emerged as a risk environment for these infections to be further concentrated, amplified, and then transmitted to the community after prisoners are released. In the absence of alternatives to incarceration, prisons and detention facilities could be leveraged to promote primary and secondary prevention strategies for these infections to improve prisoners health and reduce risk throughout incarceration and on release. Effective treatment of opioid use disorders with opioid agonist therapies (eg, methadone and buprenorphine) prevents blood-borne infections via reductions in injection in prison and after release. However, large gaps exist in the implementation of these strategies across all regions. Collaboration between the criminal justice and public health systems will be required for successful implementation of these strategies.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. Electronic address: adeeba@ummc.edu.my.
authors.forename: Adeeba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamarulzaman
authors.affiliation: Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Stewart E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.affiliation: Department of HIV/AIDS, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Amee
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schwitters
authors.affiliation: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wiessing
authors.affiliation: Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Nabila
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: El-Bassel
authors.affiliation: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.affiliation: Non-Communicable Diseases Research Centre, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moazen
authors.affiliation: Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Wirtz
authors.affiliation: Department of HIV/AIDS, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verster
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Frederick L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Altice
mesh_terms: D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D011322:Primary Prevention; D011329:Prisoners / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000517:prevention & control*