title: Severity of dry eye syndrome is related to anti-dsDNA autoantibody in systemic lupus erythematosus patients without secondary Sjogren syndrome: A cross-sectional analysis.
abstract: There are as many as one-third of the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients who suffer from dry eye syndrome. To this date, dry eye syndrome in SLE patients is believed to be caused by secondary Sjogren syndrome (sSS). However, there is increasing evidence for possible independency of dry eye syndrome and sSS in patients suffering from autoimmune diseases. The purpose of this retrospective observational case series was to identify SLE patients without sSS who had dry eye syndrome, examine the correlation of different autoantibodies and dry eye severity, and determine the cause of dry eye in these patients.We included 49 consecutive SLE patients with dry eye who visited our dry eye clinic. In order to rule out sSS, these patients were all negative for anti-Sjogren's-syndrome-related antigen A and B (anti-SSA/SSB) and had no oral symptoms. Each patient's lupus activity was determined by serological tests including antidouble-stranded DNA antibody (anti-dsDNA), complement levels (C3, C4), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and antinuclear antibody (ANA). Severity of dry eye syndrome was determined by corneal sensation (KSen), superficial punctuate keratopathy (SPK), Schirmer-I test (Schirmer), and tear film break-up time (TBUT). The autoantibodies and the dry eye parameters in each group were tested using the χ test or the Mann-Whitney U test for normally distributed or skewed data, respectively.The anti-dsDNA showed significant correlations with KSen (P < 0.001), SPK (P < 0.001), and Schirmer (P = 0.042) but not TBUT. The C3 showed significant correlations with KSen (P < 0.001), SPK (P < 0.001), and Schirmer (P = 0.014) but not TBUT. No correlations of dry eye parameters were observed between C4, ESR, and ANA.The major finding of this study was that the severity of dry eye syndrome in SLE patients without sSS was strongly correlated with anti-dsDNA and C3 but not with C4, ESR, and ANA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei City Hospital-Heping Branch Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hung-Ta
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yih-Hsiou
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Yi-Tsun
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ching-Hsi
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.forename: Hung-Chi
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000276:immunology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004247:DNA / Q000276:immunology*; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D004247:DNA