title: Cerebral Functional Reorganization in Ischemic Stroke after Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: An fMRI Study.
abstract: Our study aimed to figure out brain functional reorganization evidence after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) using the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI).
  
  
  
  Twelve patients with unilateral subcortex lesion in the middle cerebral artery territory were recruited. Seven of them received a 10-day rTMS treatment beginning at about 5 days after stroke onset. The remaining five received sham treatment. RsfMRI and motor functional scores were obtained before and after rTMS or sham rTMS.
  
  
  
  The rTMS group showed motor recovery according to the behavioral testing scores, while there was no significant difference of motor functional scores in the sham group before and after the sham rTMS. It proved that rTMS facilitates motor recovery of early ischemic stroke patients. Compared with the sham, the rTMS treatment group achieved increased functional connectivity (FC) between ipsilesional M1 and contralesional M1, supplementary motor area, bilateral thalamus, and contralesional postcentral gyrus. And decreased FC was found between ipsilesional M1 and ipsilesional M1, postcentral gyrus and inferior and middle frontal gyrus.
  
  
  
  Increased or decreased FC detected by rsfMRI is an important finding to understand the mechanism of brain functional reorganization. The rTMS treatment is a promising therapeutic approach to facilitate motor rehabilitation for early stroke patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.|Department of Interventional Radiology, China Meitan General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Wei
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Beijing MR Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhen-Tao
authors.initials: ZT
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chun-Ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Beijing MR Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Zhou
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Hong
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI); Ischemic stroke; Motor recovery; Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS); Resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI)