title: Chloroquine enhanced the anticancer capacity of VNP20009 by inhibiting autophagy.
abstract: Bacteria-based living anticancer agents have emerged as promising therapeutics. However, the functional role of autophagy in bacterial cancer therapy has been little investigated. In this study, Salmonella VNP20009 induced autophagy in B16F10 cells, which is an unfavorable factor in bacterial cancer therapy. Inhibiting the induction of autophagy by chloroquine or siRNA in bacterial cancer therapy dose- and time-dependently promoted cell death. The combined therapy of VNP20009 and chloroquine not only enhanced the bacterial tumor targeting ability but also facilitated the infiltration of immune cells into the tumor. Our results showed that the combined therapy of VNP20009 and chloroquine could significantly inhibit tumor growth and prolong mouse survival time. This study provides a novel strategy for improving the anti-cancer efficacy of bacterial cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Qiaoqiao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Zhuangzhuang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Wenmin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Chizhou
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.|Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University and Targetpharma Laboratory, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Jiahuang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.|College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China.|The State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210018, China.
authors.forename: Zichun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hua
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects*; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D047368:Tumor Burden / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; C465023:VNP 20009; D002738:Chloroquine