title: Mycotoxin contamination in laboratory rat feeds and their implications in animal research.
abstract: Compound feed is particularly vulnerable to multi-mycotoxin contamination. A method for the determination of 12 mycotoxins; enniatins A, A1, B, B1; aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2; OTA; ZEA; T-2 and HT-2 by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed and applied for the analysis of laboratory rat commercial feeds. The method trueness was checked by recovery assays at three different spiked levels (n = 9). Recoveries ranged from 73% to 112%, and the intra-day and inter-day precision were lower than 9% and 13%, respectively. Limits of quantitation were lower than 15 μg/kg. Twenty-seven laboratory rats feed samples showed multi-contamination by at least three up to six different mycotoxins. ENNs B and B1, followed by ZEA were the most prevalent mycotoxins. T-2, HT-2, and OTA were not detected. ZEA showed the highest concentration levels reaching 492 μg/kg. The results underline the importance of implementing mycotoxin regular surveillance programs for laboratory animal feeds.
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Burjassot , Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Escrivá
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Burjassot , Spain.
authors.forename: Guillermina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Font
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Burjassot , Spain.
authors.forename: Houda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Berrada
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Burjassot , Spain.
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Manyes
mesh_terms: D032761:Animal Experimentation / Q000592:standards*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000592:standards; D000818:Animals; D000830:Animals, Laboratory; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D051381:Rats; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins
keywords: Experimental animals; LC-MS/MS; feed; method validation; mycotoxins