title: The influence of the Cucurbitaceae on mitigating the phytotoxicity and PCDD/PCDF content of soil amended with sewage sludge.
abstract: The study evaluates the impact of sewage sludge on OECD - Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and vegetable soil phytotoxicity, measured using three test species: Lepidium sativum, Sinapis alba and Sorghum saccharatum, and total and TEQ PCDD/PCDF (toxic equivalency polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans) soil concentration, measured using HRGC/HRMS - High Resolution Gas Chromatography/High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. It also evaluates the effect of zucchini and cucumber cultivation during 5-weeks period on mitigating these parameters. The application of 3, 9 and 18 t/ha of sewage sludge gradually increases the phytotoxicity of both OECD and vegetable soil. In the case of OECD soil, the highest roots growth inhibitions were observed for S. alba (73%, 86% and 87%, respectively) and the lowest for S. saccharatum (7%, 59% and 70%), while in vegetable soil inhibitions were averagely 25% lower. Sludge application also led to a 38% (3 t/ha), 169% (9 t/ha) and 506% (18 t/ha) increase in PCDD/PCDF concentration, and the TEQs were augmented by 15%, 159% and 251%. Both soil phytotoxicity and total and TEQ PCDD/PCDF concentrations were diminished as a result of zucchini and cucumber cultivation. The maximum reduction of soil phytotoxicity (83%) was observed as an effect of cucumber cultivation, while zucchini was 11% less effective. Zucchini, in turn, was more efficient in PCDD/PCDF removal (37% reduction), followed by cucumber (24%). Such differences were not observed in the case of TEQ reductions (68% and 66% for zucchini and cucumber cultivation, respectively).
authors.affiliation: a European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology, Polish Academy of Sciences , Lodz , Poland.|b Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection , Department of Applied Ecology , University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Urbaniak
authors.affiliation: c Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine , Lodz , Poland.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zieliński
authors.affiliation: d Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection , Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry , University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wyrwicka
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018553:Cucumis sativus / Q000378:metabolism*; D028464:Cucurbita / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D031220:Lepidium sativum / Q000187:drug effects; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis*; D031226:Sinapis / Q000187:drug effects; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D045868:Sorghum / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D012722:Sewage; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: Cucurbitaceae; PCDD/PCDF; phytotoxicity; sewage sludge