title: Sleep-dependent memory consolidation in the epilepsy monitoring unit: A pilot study.
abstract: We sought to examine whether patients with focal epilepsy exhibit sleep dependent memory consolidation, whether memory retention rates correlated with particular aspects of sleep physiology, and how the process was affected by seizures.
  
  
  
  We prospectively recruited patients with focal epilepsy and assessed declarative memory using a task consisting of 15 pairs of colored pictures on a 5×6 grid. Patients were tested 12h after training, once after 12h of wakefulness and once after 12h that included sleep. EMG chin electrodes were placed to enable sleep scoring. The number and density of sleep spindles were assessed using a wavelet-based algorithm.
  
  
  
  Eleven patients were analyzed age 21-56years. The percentage memory retention over 12h of wakefulness was 62.7% and over 12h which included sleep 83.6% (p=0.04). Performance on overnight testing correlated with the duration of slow wave sleep (SWS) (r=+0.63, p<0.05). Three patients had seizures during the day, and 3 had nocturnal seizures. Day-time seizures did not affect retention rates, while those patients who had night time seizures had a drop in retention from an average of 92% to 60.5%.
  
  
  
  There is evidence of sleep dependent memory consolidation in patients with epilepsy which mostly correlates with the amount of SWS. Our preliminary findings suggest that nocturnal seizures likely disrupt sleep dependent memory consolidation.
  
  
  
  Findings highlight the importance of SWS in sleep dependent memory consolidation and the adverse impact of nocturnal seizures on this process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Edward B. Bromfield Epilepsy Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: rsarkis@partners.org.
authors.forename: Rani A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sarkis
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Edward B. Bromfield Epilepsy Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Javad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Edward B. Bromfield Epilepsy Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Milena K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Pavlova
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Edward B. Bromfield Epilepsy Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Dworetzky
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Edward B. Bromfield Epilepsy Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Page B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Pennell
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stickgold
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Edward B. Bromfield Epilepsy Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Ellen J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Bubrick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000069077:Memory Consolidation / Q000502:physiology*; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017286:Polysomnography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Declarative memory; Epilepsy; Memory consolidation; Seizures; Sleep