title: Congenital Anophthalmia and Binocular Neonatal Enucleation Differently Affect the Proteome of Primary and Secondary Visual Cortices in Mice.
abstract: In blind individuals, visually deprived occipital areas are activated by non-visual stimuli. The extent of this cross-modal activation depends on the age at onset of blindness. Cross-modal inputs have access to several anatomical pathways to reactivate deprived visual areas. Ectopic cross-modal subcortical connections have been shown in anophthalmic animals but not in animals deprived of sight at a later age. Direct and indirect cross-modal cortical connections toward visual areas could also be involved, yet the number of neurons implicated is similar between blind mice and sighted controls. Changes at the axon terminal, dendritic spine or synaptic level are therefore expected upon loss of visual inputs. Here, the proteome of V1, V2M and V2L from P0-enucleated, anophthalmic and sighted mice, sharing a common genetic background (C57BL/6J x ZRDCT/An), was investigated by 2-D DIGE and Western analyses to identify molecular adaptations to enucleation and/or anophthalmia. Few proteins were differentially expressed in enucleated or anophthalmic mice in comparison to sighted mice. The loss of sight affected three pathways: metabolism, synaptic transmission and morphogenesis. Most changes were detected in V1, followed by V2M. Overall, cross-modal adaptations could be promoted in both models of early blindness but not through the exact same molecular strategy. A lower metabolic activity observed in visual areas of blind mice suggests that even if cross-modal inputs reactivate visual areas, they could remain suboptimally processed.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Marie-Eve
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0896-6224
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Laramée
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Katrien
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Smolders
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Tjing-Tjing
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Département d'anatomie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bronchti
authors.affiliation: Département d'anatomie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada.|École d'optométrie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Boire
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Lutgarde
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arckens
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000853:Anophthalmos / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001766:Blindness / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D020543:Proteome; D009435:Synaptic Transmission; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D020543:Proteome