title: In vitro systems to study nephropharmacology: 2D versus 3D models.
abstract: The conventional 2-dimensional (2D) cell culture is an invaluable tool in, amongst others, cell biology and experimental pharmacology. However, cells cultured in 2D, on the top of stiff plastic plates lose their phenotypical characteristics and fail in recreating the physiological environment found in vivo. This is a fundamental requirement when the goal of the study is to get a rigorous predictive response of human drug action and safety. Recent approaches in the field of renal cell biology are focused on the generation of 3D cell culture models due to the more bona fide features that they exhibit and the fact that they are more closely related to the observed physiological conditions, and better predict in vivo drug handling. In this review, we describe the currently available 3D in vitro models of the kidney, and some future directions for studying renal drug handling, disease modeling and kidney regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Aragón (IISA Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Aragon's Health Science Institutes (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain; Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht CG 3584, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Romero
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboudumc, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Physiology and Radboudumc, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboudumc, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Carolien M S
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Schophuizen
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Aragón (IISA Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Aragon's Health Science Institutes (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain; Deparment of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Giménez
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht CG 3584, The Netherlands. Electronic address: r.masereeuw@uu.nl.
authors.forename: Rosalinde
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Masereeuw
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057005:Bioengineering; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D010600:Pharmacology / Q000379:methods*
keywords: 2D cell culture; 3D Bioprinting; Extracellular matrix; Microfluidic devices; Proximal tubule cell; Scaffold