title: Adrenal-Derived Hormones Differentially Modulate Intestinal Immunity in Experimental Colitis.
abstract: The adrenal glands are able to modulate immune responses through neuroimmunoendocrine interactions and cortisol secretion that could suppress exacerbated inflammation such as in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, here we evaluated the role of these glands in experimental colitis induced by 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in C57BL/6 mice subjected to adrenalectomy, with or without glucocorticoid (GC) replacement. Mice succumbed to colitis without adrenals with a higher clinical score and augmented systemic levels of IL-6 and lower LPS. Furthermore, adrenalectomy negatively modulated systemic regulatory markers. The absence of adrenals resulted in augmented tolerogenic lamina propria dendritic cells but no compensatory local production of corticosterone and decreased mucosal inflammation associated with increased IFN-γ and FasL in the intestine. To clarify the importance of GC in this scenario, GC replacement in adrenalectomized mice restored different markers to the same degree of that observed in DSS group. Finally, this is the first time that adrenal-derived hormones, especially GC, were associated with the differential local modulation of the gut infiltrate, also pointing to a relationship between adrenalectomy and the modulation of systemic regulatory markers. These findings may elucidate some neuroimmunoendocrine mechanisms that dictate colitis outcome.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia Reis
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helioswilton
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3252-2834
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sales-Campos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo José
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Basso
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Viviani
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nardini
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Angelica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Banquieri
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa Beatriz Freitas
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9183-1595
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Javier Emílio Lazo
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1950-1895
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Chica
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Auro
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8645-7954
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nomizo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina Ribeiro de Barros
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6156-3144
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cardoso
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000378:metabolism*; D000315:Adrenalectomy; D000818:Animals; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D016264:Dextran Sulfate / Q000633:toxicity; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL
chemical_list: D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D003907:Dexamethasone; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016264:Dextran Sulfate