title: Therapeutic Drugs in Bone Loss-Associated Disorders: Clinical Outcomes and Challenges.
abstract: Current therapeutic drugs for the treatment of bone loss-associated disorders such as osteoporosis and metastatic bone disease have limited clinical outcomes, namely in terms of efficiency and sustainability. Given the ageing of population in developed countries and the cumulative costs with treatment, bone loss-associated disorders represent a major socioeconomic burden worldwide. In this review, the therapeutic agents targeting bone loss tested in clinical and pre-clinical trials are summarized, as well as the challenges encountered by clinicians and patients. In an effort to attain costeffective clinical outcomes, potential cellular and signalling targets are disclosed.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigacao e Inovacao em Saude (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Daniela M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Engenharia Biomedica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ines S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Alencastre
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Luís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leitao
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Estrela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Neto
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigacao e Inovacao em Saude (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Cecilia J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: NanoBiomaterials for Targeted Therapies (nBTT) Group, INEB/i3S - University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Meriem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lamghari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents
keywords: Bone loss; anabolic agents; anti-resorptive agents; clinical trials; osteoblasts; osteoclasts; therapy