title: A Single Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Dose Improves B Cell Memory in Previously Infected Subjects.
abstract: Although licensed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are most efficacious in persons never infected with HPV, they also reduce infection and disease in previously infected subjects, indicating natural immunity is not entirely protective against HPV re-infection. The aim of this exploratory study was to examine the B cell memory elicited by HPV infection and evaluate whether vaccination merely boosts antibody (Ab) levels in previously infected subjects or also improves the quality of B cell memory. Toward this end, the memory B cells (Bmem) of five unvaccinated, HPV-seropositive subjects were isolated and characterized, and subject recall responses to a single HPV vaccine dose were analyzed. Vaccination boosted Ab levels 24- to 930-fold (median 77-fold) and Bmem numbers 3- to 27-fold (median 6-fold). In addition, Abs cloned from naturally elicited Bmem were generally non-neutralizing, whereas all those isolated following vaccination were neutralizing. Moreover, Ab and plasmablast responses indicative of memory recall responses were only observed in two subjects. These results suggest HPV vaccination augments both the magnitude and quality of natural immunity and demonstrate that sexually active persons could also benefit from HPV vaccination. This study may have important public policy implications, especially for the older 'catch-up' group within the vaccine's target population.
authors.affiliation: Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Erin M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Scherer
authors.affiliation: Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Robin A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Gallego
authors.affiliation: Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.affiliation: Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Wipf
authors.affiliation: Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoyos
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.affiliation: Panoply Bio, a division of Active Motif, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA.
authors.forename: Tate
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thurston
authors.affiliation: Panoply Bio, a division of Active Motif, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA.
authors.forename: Nathan D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Trinklein
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wald
authors.affiliation: Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Electronic address: dgallowa@fredhutch.org.
authors.forename: Denise A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Galloway
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000276:immunology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D003429:Cross Reactions / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D052161:Human papillomavirus 18; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines
keywords: Human papillomavirus; Memory B cells; Vaccine