title: A rat model of oral submucous fibrosis induced by bleomycin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to induce a rat model of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) using bleomycin.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized trial was performed. Bleomycin dilution or phosphate-buffered saline was injected daily into the buccal mucosa of the test and control rats, respectively, for 2, 4, 6, or 8 weeks. Changes in histopathologic features, myofibroblasts, ultrastructure, and the levels of collagen type I and III, transforming growth factor-beta 1, and interferon-γ were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls, the buccal mucosa of the test rats appeared pale and stiff. There was collagen deposition in the laminae propria. Type I and type III collagen increased steadily, transforming growth factor-beta 1 increased and then decreased, and interferon-γ was gradually reduced. The ultrastructure was also similar to that of OSF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using bleomycin, we induced a rat model of OSF that is very similar to human OSF in clinical manifestations, pathology, and ultrastructural changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Shan-Shan
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Zhao-Jian
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Chong-Dai
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China. Electronic address: lingtianyou@sohu.com.
authors.forename: Tian-You
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Ling
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000633:toxicity*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009914:Oral Submucous Fibrosis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D001761:Bleomycin; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D003094:Collagen