title: Neuroinflammation pathways: a general review.
abstract: Activated microglial cells play an important role in immune and inflammatory responses in central nervous system and neurodegenerative diseases. Many pro-apoptotic pathways are mediated by signaling molecules that are produced during neuroinflammation. In glial cells, NF-κB, a transcription factor, initiates and regulates the expression of several inflammatory processes during inflammation which are attributed to the pathology of the several neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the most important neuroinflammatory mediators with their pathways. Attenuating cytokines production and controlling microglial inflammatory response, which are the result of understanding neuroinflammation pathways, are considered therapeutic strategies for treating neurodegenerative diseases with an inflammatory component.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Science, Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program , Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shabab
authors.affiliation: b Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia.|c Department of Perinatal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre , Royal Women's Hospital , Parkville , Australia.
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khanabdali
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Science, Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program , Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Soheil Zorofchian
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Moghadamtousi
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Science, Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program , Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Habsah Abdul
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kadir
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Science, Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program , Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Gokula
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mohan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009420:Nervous System / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016328:NF-kappa B
keywords: NF-κB pathway; microglia; neuroinflammation; neuroinflammatory diseases