title: Factors Associated with Loss of Visual Function in Medically Treated Advanced Normal Tension Glaucoma.
abstract: To investigate the risk factors associated with a progressive loss of visual function (LV) in medically treated advanced normal tension glaucoma (NTG).
  
  
  
  In this retrospective observational study, a total of 87 eyes of the 87 NTG patients with a baseline visual field (VF) mean deviation (MD) of worse than -10 decibel (dB) (average follow-up period: 5.3 years) were included. All the participants were categorized into two groups according to the baseline VF MD [group 1 (≥-16 dB) and group 2 (<-16 dB), respectively]. The participants were also divided into older (≥64 years) and younger (<64 years) groups according to the median split of baseline age. Hazard ratios (HRs) for the association between potential risk factors and LV were obtained using the Cox proportional hazards models.
  
  
  
  Fifty-one eyes were classified as group 1 (VF MD; -13.5 ± 1.8 dB), and 36 eyes as group 2 (-21.0 ± 4.1 dB). LV occurred in 33 eyes (64.7%) in group 1 and in 29 eyes (80.6%) in group 2 during the follow-up period. In total participants, younger age (HR; 0.971, p = 0.008) and lower initial best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (HR; 18.4, p = 0.007) were found to be significant risk factors for LV. In group 1, younger age and lower baseline BCVA were associated with LV; whereas, no significant risk factor was found in group 2. In the younger group, myopia and disc hemorrhage were found to be the risk factors.
  
  
  
  The risk factors associated with progressive LV differed according to the baseline VF stages or the age among advanced medically treated NTG patients.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center , Seoul , Korea.
authors.forename: Soa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center , Seoul , Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Rim
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D057066:Low Tension Glaucoma / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009898:Optic Disk; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents
keywords: End stage; intraocular pressure; normal tension glaucoma; progression; visual field