title: Applying Lean Techniques to Reduce Intravenous Waste Through Premixed Solutions and Increasing Production Frequency.
abstract: This study aims to use lean techniques and evaluate the impact of increasing the use of premixed IV solutions and increased IV production frequency on IV waste.
  
  
  
  Study was conducted at a tertiary hospital pharmacy department in three phases. Phase I included evaluation of IV waste when IV production occurred three times a day and eight premixed IV products were used. Phase II increased the number of premixed IV products to 16. Phase III then increased IV production to five times a day.
  
  
  
  During Phase I, an estimate of 2,673 IV doses were wasted monthly, accounting for 6.14% of overall IV doses. This accounted for 688 L that cost $60,135. During Phase II, the average monthly IV wastage reduced significantly to 1,069 doses (2.84%), accounting for 447 L and $34,003. During Phase III, the average monthly IV wastage was further decreased to 675 doses (1.69%), accounting for 78 L and $3,431. Hence, a potential annual saving of $449,208 could result from these changes.
  
  
  
  IV waste was reduced through the increased use of premixed solutions and increasing IV production frequency.
authors.forename: Alex C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Penm
authors.forename: Marianne F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Ivey
authors.forename: Yihong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Commins
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous / Q000191:economics*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational; D006801:Humans; D008506:Medical Waste / Q000191:economics* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009820:Ohio; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000191:economics* / Q000458:organization & administration*
chemical_list: D008506:Medical Waste