title: Serum metabolomics profiles in response to n-3 fatty acids in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind randomised controlled trial.
abstract: We aimed to investigate the change of serum metabolomics in response to n-3 fatty acid supplements in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In a double-blind parallel randomised controlled trial, 59 Chinese T2D patients were randomised to receive either fish oil (FO), flaxseed oil (FSO) or corn oil capsules (CO, served as a control group) and followed up for 180 days. An additional 17 healthy non-T2D participants were recruited at baseline for cross-sectional comparison between cases and non-cases. A total of 296 serum metabolites were measured among healthy controls and T2D patients before and after the intervention. Serum 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate (CMPF) (P-interaction = 1.8 × 10(-7)) was the most significant metabolite identified by repeated-measures ANOVA, followed by eicosapentaenoate (P-interaction = 4.6 × 10(-6)), 1-eicosapentaenoylglycerophosphocholine (P-interaction = 3.4 × 10(-4)), docosahexaenoate (P-interaction = 0.001), linolenate (n-3 or n-6, P-interaction = 0.005) and docosapentaenoate (n-3, P-interaction = 0.021). CMPF level was lower in T2D patients than in the healthy controls (P = 0.014) and it was significantly increased in the FO compared with CO group (P = 1.17 × 10(-7)). Furthermore, change of CMPF during the intervention was negatively correlated with change of serum triglycerides (P = 0.016). In conclusion, furan fatty acid metabolite CMPF was the strongest biomarker of fish oil intake. The association of CMPF with metabolic markers warrants further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.|Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
authors.forename: Ju-Sheng
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Puai Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
authors.forename: Fumiaki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Wenwen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Puai Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China.
authors.forename: Jue-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.|Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Fenglei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Puai Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Duo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D003314:Corn Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000097:blood; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005663:Furans / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008043:Linseed Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics; D008875:Middle Aged; D011422:Propionates / Q000097:blood; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: C468134:3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005395:Fish Oils; D005663:Furans; D011422:Propionates; D014280:Triglycerides; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D008043:Linseed Oil; D003314:Corn Oil; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid