title: Stress fracture of the ulna in a softball pitcher.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We present a rare case of stress fracture of the diaphysis of the ulna in a softball pitcher.
  
  
  METHODS
  A thirteen-year-old girl felt pain over the distal third of the right forearm during pitching. Stress fracture was detected as callus formation of the ulna before fracture displacement. When windmill pitching for softball, the pitcher rotates their arm around the shoulder joint and powerfully hits their forearm to their thigh, which is accompanied by simultaneous pronation of the forearm and flexion of the wrist. The ball is then released and this movement is known as "brushing".
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The typical throwing form in a softball pitcher can play an important role in stress fractures of the ulna.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, 1-3-6, Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.affiliation: Nishikawa Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Clinic, 1-2-1 Mukonoso-honmachi, Amagasaki, 661-0031, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.affiliation: Nishikawa Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Clinic, 1-2-1 Mukonoso-honmachi, Amagasaki, 661-0031, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenjiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsunemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Juichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshiya
keywords: Softball; Stress fracture; Ulna