title: Traditional Therapies for Severe Asthma.
abstract: Severe asthma is a complex and heterogeneous disease. The European Respiratory Society and American Thoracic Society guidelines define severe asthma for patients 6 years or older as "asthma which requires treatment with high-dose inhaled corticosteroids…plus a second controller or systemic corticosteroids to prevent it from becoming 'uncontrolled' or which remains 'uncontrolled' despite this therapy." This article reviews available traditional therapies, data behind their uses in severe asthma, and varying recommendations. As various asthma endotypes and phenotypes are better understood and characterized, targeted therapies should help improve disease outcomes, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness.
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado Hospital, 1635 Aurora Court, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
authors.forename: Eileen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado Hospital, 1635 Aurora Court, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. Electronic address: hoytef@njhealth.org.
authors.forename: Flavia C L
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Hoyte
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000367:Age Factors; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003888:Desensitization, Immunologic; D019468:Disease Management; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069444:Omalizumab / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011247:Pregnancy; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D000069444:Omalizumab
keywords: Add-on therapies; Controller therapies; European Respiratory Society and American Thoracic Society (ERS/ATS); Expert Panel Report 3 (EPR-3); Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA); Guidelines; Nonbiologic therapies; Severe asthma