title: [Osteoporosis: a clinical perspective].
abstract: Osteoporosis is defined by decreased bone density and microarchitectural deterioration that predispose to fragility fractures. The WHO diagnostic criteria of osteoporosis require bone densitometry but treatment is possible on the basis of high clinical fracture risk and can be assessed by the FRAX risk algorithm. All those subject to fracture risk should be advised about proper basic treatment of osteoporosis, including exercise, prevention of falls, smoking cessation, avoidance of alcohol intake, and dietary or supplemental abundance of calcium and vitamin D. Underlying diseases must be studied after diagnosis of osteoporosis even if treatment is initiated without densitometry. When indicated, specific osteoporosis therapy includes bisphosphonates, denosumab, teriparatide, strontium ranelate or SERMs. In hypogonadism, gonadal steroids may be indicated alone or in addition to a specific treatment. Treatment effect and continuation are assessed after 2 to 5 years.
authors.forename: Niina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matikainen
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000465:Algorithms; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015444:Exercise; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D004164:Diphosphonates; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D013876:Thiophenes; C081587:strontium ranelate; D014807:Vitamin D