title: Kinetic performance of a 50mm long 1.8μm chiral column in supercritical fluid chromatography.
abstract: Reduced plate heights (hr) of <2 were observed for the first time during the chiral separation of enantiomers, on sub-2μm particles with supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). The enantiomers of trans-stilbene oxide, were separated on a 4.6×50mm, 1.8μm R,R-Whelk-O1 column, with hr as low as 1.93. The plumbing of a commercial SFC instrument was modified to create a low dispersion version. Without the modification performance was considerably worse. vanDeemter like plots of reduced plate height vs. flow rate, for trans-stilbene oxide, indicate that the optimum flow varied with% modifier. On a 4.6×250mm, 5μm R,R- Whelk-O1 column, the optimum flow was >4mL/min for 5% methanol in CO2, decreasing to <2mL/min for 40% methanol (more than a factor of 2). For a 4.6×50mm column packed with 1.8μm particles the optimum appeared to be near, or >5mL/min with 2.5%, 5%, and 10% methanol, decreasing to between 3 and 3.5mL/min at 40% methanol. This is the first time such shifts have been characterized. Since the solutes were the same in all cases, the differences are likely due to changes in solute diffusion coefficients caused by changes in modifier concentration, and pressure. Pump pressure requirements sometimes exceeded 500bar. It is shown that a 5mL/min flow rate is inadequate for use with 1.8μm particles in a 4.6mm ID column format. Instead, it is suggested to decrease the ID of the column to 3mm, where the optimum flow rates are on the order of 2mL/min with decreased tubing variance. Nevertheless, a number of sub-1min chromatograms are presented.
authors.affiliation: SFC Solutions, Inc., 9435 Downing St, Englewood, FL 34224, USA. Electronic address: tabergersfc@aol.com.
authors.forename: Terry A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Berger
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D007700:Kinetics; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D011312:Pressure; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D013267:Stilbenes; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C025906:stilbene oxide; D000432:Methanol
keywords: 1.8μm particles; Chiral column; Extra-column dispersion; Sub-1min chromatograms; Variable vanDeemter minima; h(r) <2d(p)