title: Exposure to high-fat diet since post-weaning induces cardiometabolic damage in adult rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to investigate the metabolic, hemodynamic and autonomic responses in adult rats exposed to high-fat diet since post-weaning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Young male Wistar rats were assigned into groups fed with standard normal diet (3% lipids; ND, n=8) or high-fat diet (30% lipids; HD, n=8) during 8weeks. Body composition, food intake, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, insulin, leptin and adiponectin concentrations were determined. Hemodynamic and autonomic evaluations were performed. Renin angiotensin system and nitric oxide were also studied by pharmacological blockades.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HD group showed no difference in body weight, total cholesterol, food intake in calories and insulin concentration, but visceral fat pads weight, triglycerides and leptin were higher in HD group. Moreover, HD group decreased adiponectin level, increased 12% of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and 6% of heart rate compared with ND group. Spectral analyses showed an increase in cardiovascular sympathetic modulation in HD compared with ND group. Depressor responses after losartan were higher in HD compared with ND group: -9±0.7 vs.-3±1.6mmHg. Pressor responses after l-NAME were higher in HD compared with ND: 45±8 vs. 32±5mmHg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-fat diet consumption during early period of life can increase WAT mass and MAP. These alterations may be mediated by an augment in sympathetic activity associated with higher leptin and lower adiponectin levels. These cardiometabolic damages can lead to the development of hypertension and increase cardiovascular risk in adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Renal, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Physiopharmacology Laboratory, Health and Biological Science Center, Mackenzie University, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: patriciafiorino@mackenzie.br.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fiorino
authors.affiliation: Renal, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Physiopharmacology Laboratory, Health and Biological Science Center, Mackenzie University, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Experimental Pathophysiology Dept., Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: A L V
authors.initials: ALV
authors.lastname: Américo
authors.affiliation: Renal, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Physiopharmacology Laboratory, Health and Biological Science Center, Mackenzie University, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Experimental Pathophysiology Dept., Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.affiliation: School of Arts, Science and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Evangelista
authors.affiliation: Experimental Pathophysiology Dept., Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Renal, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Physiopharmacology Laboratory, Health and Biological Science Center, Mackenzie University, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Translational Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: A P O
authors.initials: APO
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.affiliation: Renal, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Physiopharmacology Laboratory, Health and Biological Science Center, Mackenzie University, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Translational Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Farah
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000818:Animals; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D008297:Male; D008660:Metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014886:Weaning; D015430:Weight Gain
keywords: Adipokines; Arterial pressure; Autonomic dysfunction; High-fat diet; Obesity