title: DRESS Syndrome Presents as Leukoencephalopathy.
abstract: DRESS syndrome (Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms) is a potentially life-threatening syndrome, which reflects a serious hypersensitivity reaction to drugs, presenting by generalized skin rash, fever, eosinophilia, atypical lymphocytosis, and internal organ involvement. Herein a 21-month old male infant with DRESS and Encephalopathy syndrome is presented who complicated after phenobarbital usage that persisted due to phenytoin cream usage. The case received phenobarbital after a seizure disorder presented as "status epilepticus". He developed drug eruption, fever, hepatosplenomegaly, increased liver enzymes, encephalopathy and progressive loss of consciousness with extensive hyperintense white matter lesions in brain MRI. After discontinuation of phenobarbital and phenytoin, all symptoms were resolved, while brain MRI became normal after two months. To our best knowledge, this is the first reported case that developed leukoencephalopathy along with DRESS syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Neurology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. zahra_chavoshzadeh@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Seyed Hasan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Tonekaboni
authors.forename: Narjes
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jafari
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chavoshzadeh
authors.forename: Bibi Shahin
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Shamsian
authors.forename: Nima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rezaei
mesh_terms: D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D063926:Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D056784:Leukoencephalopathies / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D010672:Phenytoin; D010634:Phenobarbital