title: Association analysis of PPARγ (p.Pro12Ala) polymorphism with type 2 diabetic retinopathy in patients from north India.
abstract: The present study aimed to examine the association of PPARγ (p.Pro12Ala) polymorphism with type 2 diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients from north India.
  
  
  
  In this case-control association study a total of 1325 subjects (717 DR patients and 608 individuals with confirmed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without retinopathy taken as controls (CDR)), were recruited. Genotyping for PPARγ (p.Pro12Ala) polymorphism was performed by Taqman SNP Genotyping Assays using Real time PCR.
  
  
  
  Statistically significant differences were observed between the two analyzed groups in the duration of diabetes and random blood glucose levels (p = 0.000 and p = 0.011, respectively). However, genotype and allele frequency distribution of PPARγ (p.Pro12Ala) polymorphism did not differ significantly between DR and CDR groups (p = 0.507 and 0.625, respectively).
  
  
  
  These findings suggest no significant association of p.Pro12Ala polymorphism with retinopathy in tested type 2 diabetic retinopathy patients as compared to T2DM individuals take as controls. To our knowledge, this is the first report of association analysis of p.Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPARγ in DR patients from India.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Human Genetics , Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar , Punjab , India.
authors.forename: Navdeep
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.affiliation: a Department of Human Genetics , Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar , Punjab , India.
authors.forename: Vanita
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vanita
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005838:Genotype; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D047495:PPAR gamma
keywords: Case-control association study; PPARγ; T2DM; diabetic retinopathy; p.Pro12Ala polymorphism; real-time PCR