title: Laparoscopic-assisted colonoscopy: results and follow-up endoscopic success.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Incomplete colonoscopy occurs in 8-10% of attempted examinations. An incomplete colonoscopy is usually followed by radiological evaluation of the large bowel to complete the colonic assessment. Patients then found to have polyps of > 1 cm represent a significant management dilemma. This study describes our experience using laparoscopy to facilitate complete colonoscopy and polypectomy in patients with fixed angulation and the success of subsequent colonoscopies.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients from 2008 to 2012 with an incomplete colonoscopy because of fixed angulation and with polyps detected by subsequent imaging underwent standard laparoscopy with colonic mobilization by division of adhesions to facilitate direct vision. Completion of colonoscopy and polypectomy, intra-operative complications, postoperative morbidity and successful standard follow-up colonoscopy were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve patients underwent the procedure. Complete colonoscopy to caecum was successful in all, with a median of 2 (range 1-5) polyps per patient and a mean polyp size of 22 mm. One iatrogenic enterotomy was repaired immediately, with no sequelae. Ten patients have since undergone colonoscopy under sedation, with complete colonic evaluation possible in nine of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic-assisted colonoscopy allows safe polypectomy in patients with incomplete colonoscopy, without the need for segmental resection. This less-invasive procedure yields recovery times similar to those of colonoscopy alone, avoiding the morbidity of a segmental resection with the added benefit of successful routine colonoscopy in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK. a.quyn@dundee.ac.uk.|Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK. a.quyn@dundee.ac.uk.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Quyn
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Vujovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ziyaie
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.|Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
authors.forename: R J C
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Steele
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003106:Colon / Q000601:surgery; D003111:Colonic Polyps / Q000601:surgery*; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Laparoscopic; colonoscopy; polypectomy