title: Availability of Striatal Dopamine Transporter in Healthy Individuals With and Without a Family History of ADHD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  ADHD is the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder. It is highly heritable and multifactorial, but the definitive causes remain unknown. Abnormal dopamine transporter (DAT) availability has been reported, but the data are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to examine whether DAT availability differs between healthy parents with and without ADHD offspring.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven healthy parents with ADHD offspring and 11 age- and sex-matched healthy controls without ADHD offspring were recruited. The availability of DAT was approximated using single-photon emission computed tomography, with [99mTc] TRODAT-1 as the ligand.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DAT availability in the basal ganglia, caudate nucleus, and putamen was significantly lower in the parents with ADHD offspring than in the healthy controls without ADHD offspring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that ADHD could be heritable via abnormal DAT activities.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan.|2 Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ying Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mei Hung
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.|3 Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Nan Tsing
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei Jen
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.|3 Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Po See
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan.|2 Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.|3 Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.|5 Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yen Kuang
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008487:Medical History Taking; D008875:Middle Aged; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D010290:Parents; D011699:Putamen / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000378:metabolism; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods; D014326:Tropanes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C493214:SLC6A3 protein, human; D014326:Tropanes
keywords: ADHD; ADHD family; SPECT; TRODAT; dopamine transporter