title: Thermal Aggregation of Calcium-Fortified Skim Milk Enhances Probiotic Protection during Convective Droplet Drying.
abstract: Probiotic bacteria have been reported to confer benefits on hosts when delivered in an adequate dose. Spray-drying is expected to produce dried and microencapsulated probiotic products due to its low production cost and high energy efficiency. The bottleneck in probiotic application addresses the thermal and dehydration-related inactivation of bacteria during process. A protective drying matrix was designed by modifying skim milk with the principle of calcium-induced protein thermal aggregation. The well-defined single-droplet drying technique was used to monitor the droplet-particle conversion and the protective effect of this modified Ca-aggregated milk on Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. The Ca-aggregated milk exhibited a higher drying efficiency and superior protection on L. rhamnosus GG during thermal convective drying. The mechanism was explained by the aggregation in milk, causing the lower binding of water in the serum phase and, conversely, local concentrated milk aggregates involved in bacteria entrapment in the course of drying. This work may open new avenues for the development of probiotic products with high bacterial viability and calcium enrichment.
authors.affiliation: Suzhou Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Suzhou Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.|STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA , 35000 Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Suzhou Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA , 35000 Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jeantet
authors.affiliation: Suzhou Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiao Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry*; D003890:Desiccation; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005527:Food, Fortified; D052201:Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Q000502:physiology*; D050296:Microbial Viability; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D019936:Probiotics; D066329:Protein Aggregates; D013696:Temperature; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D066329:Protein Aggregates; D002118:Calcium
keywords: calcium; particle formation; probiotics; protein aggregation; single-droplet drying; spray-drying