title: Neutrophilic and Pauci-immune Phenotypes in Severe Asthma.
abstract: Although 2 T-helper type 2 inflammation evokes airway hyperresponsiveness and narrowing, neutrophilic or pauci-immune asthma accounts for significant asthma morbidity. Viruses, toxicants, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, and bacterial infections induce asthma exacerbations mediated by neutrophilic inflammation or by structural cell (pauci-immune) mechanisms. Therapeutic challenges exist in the management of neutrophilic and pauci-immune phenotypes because both syndromes manifest steroid insensitivity. The recognition that neutrophil subsets exist and their functions are unique poses exciting opportunities to develop precise therapies. The conventional thought to target neutrophil activation or migration globally may explain why current drug development in neutrophilic asthma remains challenging.
authors.affiliation: Clinical & Translational Science, Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: rp856@ca.rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Reynold A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Panettieri
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: Airway remodeling; Intrinsic asthma; Irreversible airway obstruction; Nonatopic asthma; Steroid insensitivity