title: Application of TWIST MR angiography to aid successful central venous access in challenging patients: initial single-centre experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether time-resolved angiography with interleaved stochastic trajectories (TWIST) with GeneRalised Autocalibrating Partially Parallel Acquisitions (GRAPPA) parallel acquisition could be used successfully to non-invasively and efficiently image patients with more complex vascular access issues.
  
  
  METHODS
  TWIST magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in the GRAPPA algorithm was performed on 15 patients at our centre using the 1.5 T Siemens Magnetom Avanto MRI system. Images were interpreted by cardiac radiologists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TWIST provided excellent dynamic imaging of the venous system, demonstrating venous occlusion, stenoses, and collaterals, as well as providing good anatomical detail.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TWIST MRA enables successful identification of candidate sites for central/tunnelled line access, whilst diagnosing complications of long-term access such as venous thrombosis or congenital venous anomalies.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac MR Department, NIHR Bristol Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK. Electronic address: lynne.armstrong@doctors.org.uk.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.affiliation: Cardiac MR Department, NIHR Bristol Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: J C L
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Cardiac MR Department, NIHR Bristol Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Lawton
authors.affiliation: Cardiac MR Department, NIHR Bristol Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tyrell-Price
authors.affiliation: Cardiac MR Department, NIHR Bristol Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: M C K
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.affiliation: Cardiac MR Department, NIHR Bristol Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Manghat
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000379:methods*; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D053783:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media