title: Comparison of chelates for enhancing Ricinus communis L. phytoremediation of Cd and Pb contaminated soil.
abstract: We studied chelate effects on castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) growth. These effects included Cd and Pb accumulation in plant tissues and the chemical behavior of Cd and Pb in the plant rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere. Tests were conducted in a glasshouse using the rhizobag method. Two castor bean cultivars (Zibo-3 and Zibo-9) were grown in soil contaminated with 3.53mg/kg Cd and 274mg/kg Pb. The soil was treated with citric acid (CA), ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (EDDS) or ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) (5mmol/kg). EDDS-treated soil produced 28.8% and 59.4% greater biomass for Zibo-3 and Zibo-9 respectively. In contrast, CA and EDTA inhibited the growth of the two cultivars. Zibo-9 had greater tolerance than Zibo-3 to chelate toxicity. Based on Cd and Pb plant uptake, EDDS could substitute for EDTA for phytoremediation of Cd in soil. EDTA was the most effective of the three chelates for Pb phytoremediation but it is less suitable for field use due to toxicology environmental persistence. Acid extractable Cd and Pb in the rhizosphere or reducible Cd and Pb in the non-rhizosphere of soil were the main influences on Cd and Pb accumulation in castor bean.
authors.affiliation: Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences, China; Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. Electronic address: zhanghanzhihan@163.com.
authors.forename: Hanzhi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. Electronic address: guoqj@igsnrr.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Qingjun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Junxing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Tongbin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guizhou 550002, China.
authors.forename: Guangxu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Guangxin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences, China.
authors.forename: Chunyan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shao
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018533:Biomass; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D002367:Ricinus communis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D005029:Ethylenediamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry; D058441:Rhizosphere; D012278:Ricinus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D013386:Succinates / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C499100:(S,S)-ethylenediaminedisuccinate; D002614:Chelating Agents; D005029:Ethylenediamines; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013386:Succinates; D002104:Cadmium; D019343:Citric Acid; D007854:Lead; D004492:Edetic Acid
keywords: Castor bean; Cd; Chelate; Chemical species; Pb; Ricinus communis