title: Do different standard plate counting (IDF/ISSO or AOAC) methods interfere in the conversion of individual bacteria counts to colony forming units in raw milk?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to establish the correlation between individual bacterial count (IBC) obtained by flow cytometry and the number of colony forming units (CFU) determined by standard plate count (SPC) in raw milk using two different reference methodologies: the methodology of the International Dairy Federation (IDF) - International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 4833, incubation for 72 h at 30°C and the methodology of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), incubation for 48 h at 35°C.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For this, 100 bovine milk samples (80 ml) from different farms were collected in a sterile bottle and maintained refrigerated at 4°C and were delivered to the laboratory. In the laboratory, the samples were divided into two vials of 40 ml each. Then, half of the vials were forwarded for the SPC analysis, and the other half were analysed using the equipment BactoScan FC. The analyses by flow cytometry and SPC were performed at the same time (maximum deviation of +/- 1 h). To transform the data from IBC ml(-1) to CFU ml(-1) (IDF or AOAC methodology), a standard linear regression equation was used, as recommended by IDF/ISO-196. The difference between the reference methodologies affects the equation that transforms IBC into CFU and therefore the accuracy of the results. The results estimated by the equation using the ISO 4833 methodology were on average 0·18 log units higher than the results estimated using the equation using the AOAC methodology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After the comparison of the methodologies, it was concluded that there is an impact of the reference methodologies on the conversion of the results from IBC to CFU.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depending on the methodology adopted by each laboratory or country, there may not be equivalence in the results. Hence, the laboratories specialized in milk quality analysis that have changed their methodology for analysis, passing from the MAPA (AOAC) methodology to the IDF standard, need to develop new conversion equations to make their results in CFU ml(-1) consistent regardless of the reference methodology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. laerte@clinicadoleite.com.br.
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Cassoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: W J F
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Esguerra
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Da Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Mourão
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D058491:Bacterial Load; D002417:Cattle; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology*
keywords: analysis; bacteriology; bovine milk; dairy microbiology; quality; raw milk