title: In vitro activity of antifungals in combination with essential oils against the oomycete Pythium insidiosum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro susceptibility of Pythium insidiosum to combinations of the antifungal drugs terbinafine or itraconazole with Melaleuca alternifolia, Mentha piperita and Origanum vulgare essential oils (EOs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro combinations of antifungal drugs with EOs were evaluated by checkerboard microdilution method against 20 Brazilian isolates of P. insidiosum. The tests were performed according to protocol M38-A2, and the interpretation of each combination result was based on the values of the fractional inhibitory concentration index. The combinations of itraconazole with EOs presented prominent synergistic effects against P. insidiosum isolates, and no antagonism was observed with these combinations. However, the combinations of terbinafine with EOs resulted in indifferent or antagonistic effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of plant-derived bioactive compounds with antifungal drugs may be an alternative therapy for the control of infections caused by P. insidiosum. Studies of new therapeutic protocols involving these proposed combinations are needed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The antimicrobial combinations using EOs with terbinafine or itraconazole can be an attractive therapeutic option for controlling P. insidiosum infections.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: A O S
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Denardi
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Dal Ben
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Maia Filho
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Zambrano
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: C Q
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Braga
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Botton
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil. danielabrayer@gmail.com.
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Brayer Pereira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001938:Brazil; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D006736:Horses; D036142:Mentha piperita / Q000737:chemistry*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031341:Origanum / Q000737:chemistry*; D058968:Pythiosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology; D011775:Pythium / Q000187:drug effects*; D000077291:Terbinafine
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009281:Naphthalenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D000077291:Terbinafine
keywords: Melaleuca alternifolia; Mentha piperita; Origanum vulgare; azoles; pythiosis; terbinafine