title: Dinoflagellate-Related Amphidinolides from the Brazilian Octocoral Stragulum bicolor.
abstract: Benthic cnidarians are colonial marine animals that host a rich population of associated and symbiotic microorganisms. In a recent paper we described for the first time the isolation of amphidinolide P (1) from the Brazilian octocoral Stragulum bicolor. Amphidinolides and similar compounds had been previously reported only from dinoflagellates of the genus Amphidinium; thus the presence of 1 in the invertebrate opens intriguing questions on the role and occurrence of these molecules in marine ecosystems. Here we report the identification of four further amphidinolides from the same soft coral, including the known amphidinolide T1 (2) and the new analogues here named amphidinolides C4 (3), B8 (4), and B9 (5). The chemical structures have been elucidated mainly by extensive study of spectroscopic data. Cytotoxic activities of 3 and 4 were evaluated against the colon adenocarcinoma cell line HCT-116.
authors.affiliation: CNR, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit , Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Genoveffa
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nuzzo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará , Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: CNR, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit , Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Luongo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará , Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria C M
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará , Fortaleza, 60.430-270, Brazil.
authors.forename: Evelyne A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: CNR, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit , Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Adele
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cutignano
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará , Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Otília D L
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Pessoa
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leticia V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Costa-Lotufo
authors.affiliation: CNR, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit , Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fontana
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D037421:Anthozoa / Q000737:chemistry*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001938:Brazil; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000737:chemistry*; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D018942:Macrolides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D000097442:Amphidinolides
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018942:Macrolides; C407987:amphidinolide P; D000097442:Amphidinolides; C540231:amphidinolide T1