title: Pediatric Integrative Medicine Approaches to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
abstract: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neuropsychiatric disorder in children and is increasing in prevalence. There has also been a related increase in prescribing stimulant medication despite some controversy whether ADHD medication makes a lasting difference in school performance or achievement. Families who are apprehensive about side effects and with concerns for efficacy of medication pursue integrative medicine as an alternative or adjunct to pharmacologic and cognitive behavioral treatment approaches. Integrative medicine incorporates evidence-based medicine, both conventional and complementary and alternative therapies, to deliver personalized care to the patient, emphasizing diet, nutrients, gut health, and environmental influences as a means to decrease symptoms associated with chronic disorders. Pediatric integrative medicine practitioners are increasing in number throughout the United States because of improvement in patient health outcomes. However, limited funding and poor research design interfere with generalizable treatment approaches utilizing integrative medicine. The use of research designs originally intended for drugs and procedures are not suitable for many integrative medicine approaches. This article serves to highlight integrative medicine approaches in use today for children with ADHD, including dietary therapies, nutritional supplements, environmental hygiene, and neurofeedback.
authors.affiliation: Program in Integrative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. aesparham@kumc.edu.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esparham
authors.affiliation: Program in Integrative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. revans5@kumc.edu.
authors.forename: Randall G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.affiliation: Program in Integrative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. lwagner@kumc.edu.
authors.forename: Leigh E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: Program in Integrative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. jdrisko@kumc.edu.
authors.forename: Jeanne A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Drisko
keywords: ADHD; approach; diet; environment; integrative; medicine; microbiome; neurofeedback; nutrient; pediatric