title: The combined effects of developmental lead and ethanol exposure on hippocampus dependent spatial learning and memory in rats: Role of oxidative stress.
abstract: Either developmental lead or ethanol exposure can impair learning and memory via induction of oxidative stress, which results in neuronal damage. we examined the effect of combined exposure with lead and ethanol on spatial learning and memory in offspring and oxidative stress in hippocampus. Rats were exposed to lead (0.2% in drinking water) or ethanol (4 g/kg) either individually or in combination in 5th day gestation through weaning. On postnatal days (PD) 30, rats were trained with six trials per day for 6 consecutive days in the water maze. On day 37, a probe test was done. Also, oxidative stress markers in the hippocampus were also evaluated. Results demonstrated that lead + ethanol co-exposed rats exhibited higher escape latency during training trials and reduced time spent in target quadrant, higher escape location latency and average proximity in probe trial test. There was significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in hippocampus of animals co-exposed to lead and ethanol compared with their individual exposures. We suggest that maternal consumption of ethanol during lead exposure has pronounced detrimental effects on memory, which may be mediated by oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran.
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Soleimani
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran. Electronic address: irangoudarzi@du.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Iran
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Goudarzi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran. Electronic address: abrari@du.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Kataneh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abrari
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran.
authors.forename: Taghi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lashkarbolouki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002658:Developmental Disabilities; D004338:Drug Combinations; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects*; D007854:Lead / Q000633:toxicity*; D007855:Lead Poisoning / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D065853:Spatial Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D007854:Lead; D000431:Ethanol; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Ethanol; Lead; Oxidative stress; Rat; Spatial memory