title: Review on renal cell carcinoma and pregnancy: A challenging situation.
abstract: Renal cell carcinoma is rarely diagnosed during pregnancy. Its management is a real challenge due to the sparse literature and lack of standard guidelines. In this situation, the diagnosis is often delayed as the clinical presentation might resemble other pregnancy-related disorders but it should be one of the diagnostic possibilities in women with recurrent or refractory urinary tract symptoms, renal pain, or mass that could be palpated. Diagnostic approach may include ultrasound examination and sometimes magnetic resonance imaging. If localized, surgery would be the preferred line of treatment. Other treatment modalities, end results of treatment, and review of literature of this rare association will be presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hussein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khaled
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Nasr Al
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Lahloubi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Military Armed Hospital Caner Center, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Noha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rashad
keywords: Oncology; Pregnancy; Pregnancy related disorders; Renal cancer