title: Increased plasma lactate level is associated with subclinical cardiovascular damage in patient with non-dipping hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the difference of plasma lactate level between dipping and non-dipping hypertension, and to investigate the effects of lactate on subclinical cardiovascular damages in dipping and non-dipping hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  According to 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, 236 patients with dipping and 152 with non-dipping hypertension were included. Clinical characteristics were collected and compared between dipping and non-dipping groups. Left ventricle hypertrophy (LVH) and N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level were used to evaluate subclinical cardiovascular damage. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between lactate and LVH and NT-proBNP elevation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to dipping hypertension, plasma levels of lactate and NT-proBNP in non-dipping hypertension group were significantly higher. Moreover, the value of left ventricle mass index to height (LVMI/height) was also significantly higher in non-dipping group, and the percentage of patient with LVH was also higher in non-dipping group (36.8% vs. 28.9%, P < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that in non-dipping group, after fully adjustment, the associations between lactate with LVH and NT-proBNP remained significant, with odds ratio (OR) of 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI] of 1.13-1.24) in LVH and OR of 1.16 in NT-proBNP (95% CI of 1.10-1.23), respectively. Nonetheless, the associations between lactate with LVH and NT-proBNP elevation in dipping group were diminished to statistical nonsignificance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma lactate level in non-dipping hypertension is significantly higher than dipping hypertension, and this difference may be the potential mechanism non-dipping hypertension contributes to greater targeted organ damage.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Cardiology , Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.affiliation: a Department of Cardiology , Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China.
authors.forename: Sheng-Qing
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Zhuo
authors.affiliation: a Department of Cardiology , Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Ting
authors.initials: XT
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: b Department of Cardiology, Huaqiao Hospital , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China.
authors.forename: Fu-Cheng
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000379:methods; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood*; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D019344:Lactic Acid
keywords: Dipping hypertension; lactate; non-dipping hypertension; relationship; targeted organ damage