title: Perceptions and experiences of the implementation, management, use and optimisation of electronic prescribing systems in hospital settings: protocol for a systematic review of qualitative studies.
abstract: There is increasing evidence that electronic prescribing (ePrescribing) or computerised provider/physician order entry (CPOE) systems can improve the quality and safety of healthcare services. However, it has also become clear that their implementation is not straightforward and may create unintended or undesired consequences once in use. In this context, qualitative approaches have been particularly useful and their interpretative synthesis could make an important and timely contribution to the field. This review will aim to identify, appraise and synthesise qualitative studies on ePrescribing/CPOE in hospital settings, with or without clinical decision support.
  
  
  
  Data sources will include the following bibliographic databases: MEDLINE, MEDLINE In Process, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Social Policy and Practice via Ovid, CINAHL via EBSCO, The Cochrane Library (CDSR, DARE and CENTRAL databases), Nursing and Allied Health Sources, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts via ProQuest and SCOPUS. In addition, other sources will be searched for ongoing studies (ClinicalTrials.gov) and grey literature: Healthcare Management Information Consortium, Conference Proceedings Citation Index (Web of Science) and Sociological abstracts. Studies will be independently screened for eligibility by 2 reviewers. Qualitative studies, either standalone or in the context of mixed-methods designs, reporting the perspectives of any actors involved in the implementation, management and use of ePrescribing/CPOE systems in hospital-based care settings will be included. Data extraction will be conducted by 2 reviewers using a piloted form. Quality appraisal will be based on criteria from the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist and Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research. Studies will not be excluded based on quality assessment. A postsynthesis sensitivity analysis will be undertaken. Data analysis will follow the thematic synthesis method.
  
  
  
  The study does not require ethical approval as primary data will not be collected. The results of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences.
  
  
  
  CRD42016035552.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK Research and Development, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farre
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Danai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bem
authors.affiliation: School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heath
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cummins
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D055695:Electronic Prescribing; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D050316:Medical Order Entry Systems; D010465:Perception; D036301:Qualitative Research; D000078202:Systematic Reviews as Topic
keywords: Computerized Physician Order Entry; Electronic Prescribing; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; Systematic Review; Thematic Synthesis