title: Emissions of PCDD/Fs, PBDD/Fs, dioxin like-PCBs and PAHs from a cement plant using a long-term monitoring system.
abstract: The aim of the present work was to assess the emission of different persistent organic pollutants from a cement plant over a period of one year, under normal operational conditions. Thus, a long-term sampling device was installed in the clinker kiln stack of the cement plant. The factory uses petroleum coke as primary fuel, but also alternative fuels such as solid recovered fuel (SRF), automotive shredder residue (ASR), sewage sludge, waste tires, and meat and bone meal (MBM) wastes, with an energy substitution level of about 40%. Both PCDD/Fs (together with dl-PCBs) and PBDD/Fs were continuously sampled, with a total of ten samples collected in 2-4week periods. Also, PAHs were sampled during one-week periods, in order to evaluate their emissions in three different samples. The emission levels throughout the year were much lower than the set legal limits in all substances, being <10pgI-TEQ/Nm(3) in the case of PCDD/Fs. The data obtained allowed calculation of updated emission factors for the cement sector, which were 8.5ng I-TEQ/ton clinker for PCDD/Fs and 3.2ng WHO-TEQ/ton clinker for PCBs. With respect to the congener distribution, 2,3,7,8-TCDF accounts for 60 to 68% of the total toxicity for PCDD/Fs, and in PBDD/F emissions, a clear predominance of octa-substituted species (both dioxin and furan) was found.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain. Electronic address: ja.conesa@ua.es.
authors.forename: Juan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Conesa
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ortuño
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Dioxins, Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
authors.forename: Esteban
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abad
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Dioxins, Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rivera-Austrui
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D060389:Construction Industry; D000072316:Dioxins and Dioxin-like Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000072316:Dioxins and Dioxin-like Compounds; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
keywords: Brominated pollutants; Co-combustion; Dioxin like-PCBs; Stack sampling; Waste