title: Prediction of posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology after childbirth - A Croatian longitudinal study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Following childbirth, a vast number of women experience some degree of mood swings, while some experience symptoms of postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Using a biopsychosocial model, the primary aim of this study was to identify predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and its symptomatology following childbirth.
  
  
  METHODS
  This observational, longitudinal study included 372 postpartum women. In order to explore biopsychosocial predictors, participants completed several questionnaires 3-5 days after childbirth: the Impact of Events Scale Revised, the Big Five Inventory, The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, breastfeeding practice and social and demographic factors. Six to nine weeks after childbirth, participants re-completed the questionnaires regarding psychiatric symptomatology and breastfeeding practice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using a multivariate level of analysis, the predictors that increased the likelihood of postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology at the first study phase were: emergency caesarean section (odds ratio 2.48; confidence interval 1.13-5.43) and neuroticism personality trait (odds ratio 1.12; confidence interval 1.05-1.20). The predictor that increased the likelihood of posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology at the second study phase was the baseline Impact of Events Scale Revised score (odds ratio 12.55; confidence interval 4.06-38.81). Predictors that decreased the likelihood of symptomatology at the second study phase were life in a nuclear family (odds ratio 0.27; confidence interval 0.09-0.77) and life in a city (odds ratio 0.29; confidence interval 0.09-0.94).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biopsychosocial theory is applicable to postpartum psychiatric disorders. In addition to screening for depression amongst postpartum women, there is a need to include other postpartum psychiatric symptomatology screenings in routine practice.
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychiatric Hospital "Dr Ivan Barbot", Popovača, Croatia. Electronic address: azijadasi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Azijada
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srkalović Imširagić
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Dražen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Begić
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Livija
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Šimičević
authors.affiliation: Biometrika Healthcare Research, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Žarko
authors.initials: Ž
authors.lastname: Bajić
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders; D017523:Croatia / Q000453:epidemiology; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D000075384:Neuroticism; D016017:Odds Ratio; D036801:Parturition / Q000523:psychology*; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000523:psychology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Biopsychosocial model; Childbirth experience; Depression; Postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder; Screening