title: Interplay of genetic and epigenetic alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: Genetic and epigenetic alterations play prominent roles in hepatocarcinogenesis and their appearance varies depending on etiological factors, race and tumor progression. Intriguingly, distinct patterns of these genetic and epigenetic mutations are coupled not only to affect each other, but to trigger different types of tumorigenesis. The patterns and frequencies of somatic variations vary depending on the nature of the surrounding chromatin. On the other hand, epigenetic alterations often induce genomic instability prone to mutation. Therefore, genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma appear to be inseparable factors that accelerate tumorigenesis synergistically. We have summarized recent findings on genetic and epigenetic modifications, their influences on each other's alterations and putative roles in liver tumorigenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sun-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeongsil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim-Ha
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrated Omics for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Won-Young
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrated Omics for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jungwoo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrated Omics for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dawon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrated Omics for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jinyoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrated Omics for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eunji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Integrated Omics for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Joon
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000066673:Cell Self Renewal; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D043171:Chromosomal Instability; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment
keywords: DNA methylation; epigenetic modifications; genetic mutations; hepatocellular carcinoma; signaling pathways