title: Risk stratification of prostate cancer: integrating multiparametric MRI, nomograms and biomarkers.
abstract: Accurate risk stratification of prostate cancer is achieved with a number of existing tools to ensure the identification of at-risk patients, characterization of disease aggressiveness, prediction of cancer burden and extrapolation of treatment outcomes for appropriate management of the disease. Statistical tables and nomograms using classic clinicopathological variables have long been the standard of care. However, the introduction of multiparametric MRI, along with fusion-guided targeted prostate biopsy and novel biomarkers, are being assimilated into clinical practice. The majority of studies to date present the outcomes of each in isolation. The current review offers a critical and objective assessment regarding the integration of multiparametric MRI and fusion-guided prostate biopsy with novel biomarkers and predictive nomograms in contemporary clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Urological Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.affiliation: Urological Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Arvin K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: George
authors.affiliation: Urological Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Mahir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maruf
authors.affiliation: Urological Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Frye
authors.affiliation: Urological Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Akhil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muthigi
authors.affiliation: Urological Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kongnyuy
authors.affiliation: Urological Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Subin G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Valayil
authors.affiliation: Urological Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Pinto
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D049451:Nomograms; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: biomarkers; multiparametric MRI; nomograms; prostate; prostate cancer