title: Integrated biomarker response in catfish Hypostomus ancistroides by multivariate analysis in the Pirapó River, southern Brazil.
abstract: Aquatic pollutants produce multiple consequences in organisms, populations, communities and ecosystems, affecting the function of organs, reproductive state, population size, species survival and even biodiversity. In order to monitor the health of aquatic organisms, biomarkers have been used as effective tools in environmental risk assessment. The aim of this study is to evaluate, through a multivariate and integrative analysis, the response of the native species Hypostomus ancistroides over a pollution gradient in the main water supply body of northwestern Paraná state (Brazil). The condition factor, micronucleus test and erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (ENA), comet assay, measurement of the cerebral and muscular enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and histopathological analysis of liver and gill were evaluated in fishes from three sites of the Pirapó River during the dry and rainy seasons. The multivariate general result showed that the interaction between the seasons and the sites was significant: there are variations in the rates of alterations in the biological parameters, depending on the time of year researched at each site. In general, the best results were observed for the site nearest the spring, and alterations in the parameters at the intermediate and downstream sites. In sum, the results of this study showed the necessity of a multivariate analysis, evaluating several biological parameters, to obtain an integrated response to the effects of the environmental pollutants on the organisms.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos e Continentais (PEA)/Nupélia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, Zona 7, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil; Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Estrada para Boa Esperança, km 4, 85660-000, Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: nediaghisi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nédia C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Ghisi
authors.affiliation: Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Estrada para Boa Esperança, km 4, 85660-000, Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: elton.c.oliveira2@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Elton C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Comparada, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, Zona 7, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: tfmm_0412@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Thais F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Mendonça Mota
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Rodovia ERS 135, km 72, n. 200, 99700-970, PO Box 764, Erechim, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: guilhermevanzetto@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Guilherme V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Vanzetto
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Estrada para Boa Esperança, km 4, 85660-000, Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: alicianeroque@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Aliciane A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Roque
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Curitiba, Rua Deputado Heitor de Alencar Furtado, 5000 - Bloco EC - Bairro Ecoville, 81280-340, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: jayson.godinho.eng@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jayson P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Godinho
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Rua Coronel Fco. H. dos Santos, s/n, 81531-990, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: franlimbe@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Franciele Lima
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Bettim
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Rua Coronel Fco. H. dos Santos, s/n, 81531-990, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: helassis@ufpr.br.
authors.forename: Helena Cristina da
authors.initials: HCD
authors.lastname: Silva de Assis
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos e Continentais (PEA)/Nupélia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, Zona 7, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: ajprioli@nupelia.uem.br.
authors.forename: Alberto J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Prioli
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D001938:Brazil; D002397:Catfishes / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D048629:Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective / Q000139:chemically induced*; D015162:Micronucleus Tests / Q000379:methods; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012621:Seasons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase
keywords: AChE; Comet assay; Gill; Liver; Micronucleus test; Sewage