title: Imaging Foveal Microvasculature: Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Versus Adaptive Optics Scanning Light Ophthalmoscope Fluorescein Angiography.
abstract: To compare the use of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope fluorescein angiography (AOSLO FA) for characterizing the foveal microvasculature in healthy and vasculopathic eyes.
  
  
  
  Four healthy controls and 11 vasculopathic patients (4 diabetic retinopathy, 4 retinal vein occlusion, and 3 sickle cell retinopathy) were imaged with OCTA and AOSLO FA. Foveal perfusion maps were semiautomatically skeletonized for quantitative analysis, which included foveal avascular zone (FAZ) metrics (area, perimeter, acircularity index) and vessel density in three concentric annular regions of interest. On each set of OCTA and AOSLO FA images, matching vessel segments were used for lumen diameter measurement. Qualitative image comparisons were performed by visual identification of microaneurysms, vessel loops, leakage, and vessel segments.
  
  
  
  Adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope FA and OCTA showed no statistically significant differences in FAZ perimeter, acircularity index, and vessel densities. Foveal avascular zone area, however, showed a small but statistically significant difference of 1.8% (P = 0.004). Lumen diameter was significantly larger on OCTA (mean difference 5.7 μm, P < 0.001). Microaneurysms, fine structure of vessel loops, leakage, and some vessel segments were visible on AOSLO FA but not OCTA, while blood vessels obscured by leakage were visible only on OCTA.
  
  
  
  Optical coherence tomography angiography is comparable to AOSLO FA at imaging the foveal microvasculature except for differences in FAZ area, lumen diameter, and some qualitative features. These results, together with its ease of use, short acquisition time, and avoidance of potentially phototoxic blue light, support OCTA as a tool for monitoring ocular pathology and detecting early disease.
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States 2Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States.
authors.forename: Shelley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States 2Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Krawitz
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States 3William E. Macaulay Honors College, New York, New York, United States.
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Efstathiadis
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States 2Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States.
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Geyman
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States.
authors.forename: Rishard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weitz
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States 2Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States.
authors.forename: Toco Y P
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Chui
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States 5Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States 6Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Unit.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States 5Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States 6Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Unit.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dubra
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States 2Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States.
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Rosen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002196:Capillaries / Q000473:pathology; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005584:Fovea Centralis / Q000098:blood supply*; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019721:Ophthalmoscopes; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult