title: The Continuing and Growing Epidemic of Chronic Low Back Pain.
abstract: Because of the great prevalence of chronic pain, it is not surprising that there have been a number of influential reports by the Institute of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, and the World Health Organization that have documented the medical, social and economic problems caused by it, and the need for better pain-management programs. The present article briefly reviews these reports, and then focuses on three important areas that need to be considered when addressing the continuing and growing epidemic of one of the most prevalent types of chronic pain [chronic low back pain (CLBP)]: the biopsychosocial model of chronic pain; the paradigm shift in medicine from a disease model to an illness model of CLBP; and a review of the treatment- and cost-effectiveness of interdisciplinary chronic pain management programs. This overview will serve as an important prelude to other topics related to low back pain included in this Special Issue of Healthcare. Topics covered will range from assessment and treatment approaches, to important psychosocial mediators/moderators such as coping and pain beliefs.
authors.affiliation: The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA. gatchel@uta.edu.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Gatchel
keywords: biopsychosocial model; chronic pain prevalence; illness versus disease; interdisciplinary chronic pain management; low back pain