title: A retrospective chart review evaluating the association of psychological disorders and vitamin D deficiency with celiac disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Data show that deficiencies in Vitamin D have been linked to certain psychological disorders and celiac disease. This study was designed to evaluate the association of psychological comorbidities and vitamin D deficiency with celiac disease. Additionally, any association of psychological comorbidities with gender and age at diagnosis with celiac disease was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective chart review of a cohort of patients with celiac disease presenting for clinical care at a tertiary care referral hospital. Patient age, age at diagnosis of celiac disease, gender, and 25-OH vitamin D levels were recorded. Self-reported history of any psychological and/or psychiatric disease were also recorded and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-one patients with celiac disease were included. Forty-seven percent reported a history of a psychological and/or psychiatric disease of which anxiety, depression, and mixed anxiety-depressive disorder were the most common. Age at diagnosis of celiac disease was significantly lower, by ~10 years, in patients with a coexistent psychological comorbidity (P=0.008). Approximately 41% of patients reported vitamin D deficiency, but their mean age was not significantly different from patients without a deficiency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Celiac disease appears to be diagnosed earlier in patients with associated psychological comorbidity. There was no increased association of vitamin D deficiency and psychological/psychiatric comorbidity in patients with celiac disease. Further research is needed to help us better understand this complex relationship.
authors.affiliation: Allegheny Health Network, Division of Internal Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA - kclarke@wpahs.org.
authors.forename: Sharuq
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarela
authors.forename: Diane V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nagrant
authors.forename: Payal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thakkar
authors.forename: Kofi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Clarke
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications*; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000150:complications*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications*