title: Coping strategies in anxious surgical patients.
abstract: Anaesthesia and surgery provoke preoperative anxiety and stress. Patients try to regain control of their emotions by using coping efforts. Coping may be more effective if supported by specific strategies or external utilities. This study is the first to analyse coping strategies in a large population of patients with high preoperative anxiety.
  
  
  
  We assessed preoperative anxiety and coping preferences in a consecutive sample of 3087 surgical patients using validated scales (Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale/Visual Analogue Scale). In the subsample of patients with high preoperative anxiety, patients' dispositional coping style was determined and patients' coping efforts were studied by having patients rate their agreement with 9 different coping efforts on a four point Likert scale. Statistical analysis included correlational analysis between dispositional coping styles, coping efforts and other variables such as sociodemographic data. Statistical significance was considered for p < 0.05.
  
  
  
  The final analysis included 1205 patients with high preoperative anxiety. According to the initial self-assessment, about two thirds of the patients believed that information would help them to cope with their anxiety ("monitors"); the remainder declined further education/information and reported self-distraction to be most helpful to cope with anxiety ("blunters"). There was no significant difference between these two groups in anxiety scores. Educational conversation was the coping effort rated highest in monitors whereas calming conversation was the coping effort rated highest in blunters. Coping follows no demographic rules but is influenced by the level of education. Anxiolytic Medication showed no reliable correlation to monitoring and blunting disposition. Both groups showed an exactly identical agreement with this coping effort. Demand for medical anxiolysis, blunting or the desire for more conversation may indicate increased anxiety. The use of the internet was independent of the anxiety level and the demand of information.
  
  
  
  Conversation with medical staff proved to be the most popular coping strategy. Acknowledgment of the division between information-seeking and blunting-like personalities is central to supporting the patient's individual coping efforts. Internet access may be the easiest way to support coping today.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care; Philipps-University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, D-35033, Marburg, Germany. aust@staff.uni-marburg.de.
authors.forename: Hansjoerg
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aust
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care; Philipps-University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, D-35033, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rüsch
authors.affiliation: Philipps-University of Marburg (UKGM StO Marburg), Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Maike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.affiliation: Philipps-University of Marburg (UKGM StO Marburg), Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Theresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sturm
authors.affiliation: Philipps-University of Marburg (UKGM StO Marburg), Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brehm
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nestoriuc
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010361:Patients / Q000523:psychology*; D010551:Personality; D012647:Self-Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D064232:Visual Analog Scale
keywords: Anaesthesia; Anxiety; Coping behaviour; Coping skills; Patient care; Preoperative period