title: Different metabolite profile and metabolic pathway with leaves and roots in response to boron deficiency at the initial stage of citrus rootstock growth.
abstract: Boron (B) is a microelement required for higher plants, and B deficiency has serious negative effect on metabolic processes. We concentrated on the changes in metabolite profiles of trifoliate orange leaves and roots as a consequence of B deficiency at the initial stage of growth by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics. Enlargement and browning of root tips were observed in B-deficient plants, while any obvious symptom was not recorded in the leaves after 30 days of B deprivation. The distinct patterns of alterations in metabolites observed in leaves and roots due to B deficiency suggest the presence of specific organ responses to B starvation. The accumulation of soluble sugars was occurred in leaves, which may be attributed to down-regulated pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and amino acid biosynthesis under B deficiency, while the amount of most amino acids in roots was increased, indicating that the effects of B deficiency on amino acids metabolism in trifoliate orange may be a consequence of disruptions in root tissues and decreased protein biosynthesis. Several important products of shikimate pathway were also significantly affected by B deficiency, which may be related to abnormal growth of roots induced by B deficiency. Conclusively, our results revealed a global perspective of the discriminative metabolism responses appearing between B-deprived leaves and roots and provided new insight into the relationship between B deficiency symptom in roots and the altered amino acids profiling and shikimate pathway induced by B deficiency during seedling establishment.
authors.affiliation: Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaochang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, PR China.
authors.forename: Guidong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiuwen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaopei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
authors.forename: Riaz
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.affiliation: Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
authors.forename: Asad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
authors.forename: Lishu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China. Electronic address: jcc2000@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Cuncang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D001895:Boron / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000378:metabolism; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D010427:Pentose Phosphate Pathway; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism*; D032104:Poncirus / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D036226:Seedlings / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D012765:Shikimic Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D012765:Shikimic Acid; D001895:Boron
keywords: Amino acids; Boron; Citrus; Metabolite; Metabolomics; Sugars