title: Ellagitannins from Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) Fruit as Natural Inhibitors of Geotrichum candidum.
abstract: The paper presents the chemical characteristics of ellagitannins isolated from raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) fruit and their in vitro and in situ antifungal activity against Geotrichum candidum ŁOCK 0511. The study investigated a complex preparation containing various raspberry ellagitannins at a concentration of 86% w/w, as well as pure lambertianin C and sanguiin H-6. The ellagitannin preparation was obtained by extracting raspberry press cake and purifying the extract using Amberlite XAD resin, while individual compounds were isolated by means of preparative HPLC. The complex preparation was analyzed for the content of ellagitannins, anthocyanins, and flavan-3-ols using HPLC and LC-MS. The antifungal activity of the complex ellagitannin preparation and the isolated ellagitannins was determined for the strain Geotrichum candidum. The MIC and MFC values (10.0 mg/mL and 30.0 mg/mL, respectively) were found to be the same for lambertianin C, sanguiin H-6, and the complex ellagitannin preparation. The fungistatic activity of the studied ellagitannin preparation at a concentration of 10 mg/mL, as determined by the poisoned medium method, was 65.2% following 6 day incubation of Geotrichum candidum, with the linear growth rate of only 16.2 mm/day. The corresponding parameters for the control sample were 0% and 56 mm/day, respectively. The study demonstrated both in vitro and in situ antifungal activity of raspberry ellagitannins against Geotrichum candidum.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, Lodz 90-924, Poland. elzbieta.klewicka@p.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Elżbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klewicka
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, Lodz 90-924, Poland. michal.sojka@p.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sójka
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, Lodz 90-924, Poland. robert.klewicki@p.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klewicki
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, Lodz 90-924, Poland. krzysztof.kolodziejczyk@p.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kołodziejczyk
authors.affiliation: Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, Lodz 90-924, Poland. lidia.lipinska@dokt.p.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lipińska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, Lodz 90-924, Poland. adriana.nowak@p.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nowak
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D005848:Geotrichum / Q000187:drug effects*; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D065856:Rubus / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins; D010936:Plant Extracts; C013515:ellagitannin
keywords: Geotrichum candidum; antifungal; ellagitannins; raspberry fruit