title: Laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy for superior mesenteric artery syndrome: intermediate follow-up results and a review of the literature.
abstract: Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) is a rare condition caused by partial obstruction of the third portion of the duodenum by the SMA anteriorly and aorta posteriorly. Laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy has been described as a safe and feasible surgical intervention with favorable short-term outcomes. However, descriptions of intermediate outcomes are lacking in the literature.
  
  
  
  A retrospective chart review was performed on patients who underwent minimally invasive duodenojejunostomy from March 2005 to August 2015 at our healthcare system with greater than 6-month follow-up.
  
  
  
  Eighteen patients with mean age of 31.2 were identified. There were 4 men and 14 women. Patients' diagnosis was made by clinical presentation with radiographic confirmation. Mean weight loss preoperatively was 13.9 kg, representing 24.1 % total body weight loss. There were no intraoperative complications. Postoperatively, 2 patients developed prolonged ileus. One underwent exploratory laparotomy and washout for presumed leak, but none was identified. Three patients were readmitted within 30 days; 2 for intolerance to enteral intake with dehydration, and 1 for closed-loop obstruction requiring laparoscopic lysis of adhesions. The average and median length of follow-up were 27.7 and 26.0 months, respectively. Patients gained an average of 2.2 kg with an increase in body mass index of from 19.6 to 20.4 m/kg2. Although 14 of 18 patients reported initial symptom improvement, at latest follow-up, only 6 patients reported symptomatic improvement or resolution. Three were diagnosed with global dysmotility, and 1 underwent intestinal transplant. Two were diagnosed with gastroparesis, and 1 underwent a laparoscopic gastric electric stimulator placement and pyloroplasty. There were no mortalities.
  
  
  
  Duodenojejunostomy is the most common surgical intervention in management of SMAS. Our intermediate follow-up reveals infrequent improvement and rare resolution of preoperative symptomatology. Patients had a modest average weight gain postoperatively. This may suggest that different preoperative workup and treatment is indicated.
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue A100, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. Juliettac@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Julietta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue A100, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Mena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boules
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue A100, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue A100, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Weston, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue A100, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kroh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004385:Duodenostomy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007582:Jejunostomy; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D010359:Patient Readmission; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013478:Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Chronic abdominal pain; Duodenojejunostomy; Gastroparesis; Intestinal dysmotility; Superior mesenteric artery syndrome