title: Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: are risk factors the same in preterm and term infants?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) incidence and risk factors at different gestational age.
  
  
  METHODS
  We considered data from 321 327 infants born in Lombardy, a Northern Italian Region. We computed multivariate analysis to identify risk factors for RDS by dividing infants in early- and moderate-preterm, late-preterm and term infants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low-birth weight is the main risk factor for RDS, with higher odds ratio in term births. The risk was higher in infants delivered by cesarean section and in male, for all gestational age. Pathological course of pregnancy resulted in increased risk only in late-preterm and term infants. Maternal age and multiple birth were not associated with increased risk in any group. Babies born at term after assisted conception were at higher risk of RDS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our analysis suggests as some risk factors do not influence RDS incidence in the same way at different gestational age.
authors.affiliation: a NICU, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Condò
authors.affiliation: a NICU, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cipriani
authors.affiliation: a NICU, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy.
authors.forename: Mariarosa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colnaghi
authors.affiliation: b Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alessandro Manzoni Hospital , Lecco , Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bellù
authors.affiliation: b Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alessandro Manzoni Hospital , Lecco , Italy.
authors.forename: Rinaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zanini
authors.affiliation: c ICP Dipartimento Materno Infantile Ospedale Buzzi , Milan , Italy , and.
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bulfoni
authors.affiliation: a NICU, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy.|d Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Dipartimento Materno-Infantile Clinica Ostetrico Ginecologica, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano , via Commenda 12, Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Parazzini
authors.affiliation: a NICU, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy.|d Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Dipartimento Materno-Infantile Clinica Ostetrico Ginecologica, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano , via Commenda 12, Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mosca
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D016015:Logistic Models; D008423:Maternal Age; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011247:Pregnancy; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D047929:Term Birth; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Late-preterm infants; RDS risk factors; neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)