title: Phytochemical concentrations and biological activities of Sorghum bicolor alcoholic extracts.
abstract: Sorghum is an important cereal with reported health benefits. The objectives of this study were to measure the biological activities of alcoholic extracts of ten sorghum varieties and to determine the association between the color of the extracts and their biological activities. Variation on concentrations of bioactives among sorghum varieties was observed with ethanolic extracts giving higher concentrations than methanolic extracts. The color of the extracts significantly correlated with the concentrations of bioactives and with nitric oxide scavenging activity. Freeze-dried ethanol extract is more potent than freeze-dried methanol extract and caused cytotoxicity to A27801AP and PTX-10 OVCA with ED50 values of 0.69 and 1.29 mg mL(-1), respectively. Pre-treatment of OVCA with ethanol extract led to chemosensitization to paclitaxel and the proliferation and colony formation of OVCA cells were reduced by 14.7 to 44.6% and 36.4 to 40.1%, respectively. Sorghum is a potential source of colorants with health promoting properties. This is the first report on the capability of sorghum alcoholic extracts to cause cytotoxicity and chemosensitize ovarian cancer cells in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, USA. vdia@utk.edu.
authors.forename: Vermont P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Dia
authors.forename: Philipus
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pangloli
authors.forename: Lynsey
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McClure
authors.forename: Anjali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000494:pharmacology; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000494:pharmacology; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D045868:Sorghum / Q000737:chemistry*; D013634:Tannins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D005419:Flavonoids; D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D013634:Tannins; D017239:Paclitaxel