title: Penetration of Oxidized Carbon Nanospheres through Lipid Bilayer Membrane: Comparison to Graphene Oxide and Oxidized Carbon Nanotubes, and Effects of pH and Membrane Composition.
abstract: Here we show that the ability of oxidized carbon particles to penetrate phospholipid bilayer membrane varies with the particle shapes, chemical functionalities on the particle surface, lipid compositions of the membrane and pH conditions. Among the similar surface charged oxidized carbon particles of spherical (oxidized carbon nanosphere, OCS), tubular (oxidized carbon nanotube, OCT), and sheet (oxidized graphene sheet, OGSh) morphologies, OCS possesses the highest levels of adhesion to lipid bilayer membrane and penetration into the cell-sized liposome. OCS preferably binds better to the disordered lipid bilayer membrane (consisting of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine) as compared to the ordered membrane (consisting of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol). The process of OCS-induced leak on the membrane is pH responsive and most pronounced under an acidic condition. Covalently decorating the OCS's surface with poly(ethylene oxide) or (2-aminoethyl)trimethylammonium moieties decreases its ability to interact with the membrane. When used as carriers, OCSs can deliver curcumin into nucleus of A549 human lung cancer and human embryonic kidney cells, in contrast, curcumin molecules delivered by OCTs remain in the cytoplasm. OGShs cannot significantly enter cells and cannot induce noticeable cellular uptake of curcumin.
authors.forename: Jiraporn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seemork
authors.forename: Titiporn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sansureerungsikul
authors.forename: Kamonluck
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sathornsantikun
authors.forename: Tarit
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sinthusake
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shigyou
authors.forename: Thapakorn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tree-Udom
authors.forename: Banphot
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jiangchareon
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute , Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
authors.forename: Khajeelak
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chiablaem
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute , Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kriengsak
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lirdprapamongkol
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute , Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
authors.forename: Jisnuson
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Svasti
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: Tanapat
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Palaga
authors.forename: Supason
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wanichwecharungruang
mesh_terms: D000072283:A549 Cells; D006108:Graphite; D006801:Humans; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D054118:Nanospheres; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D010087:Oxides; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines
chemical_list: D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D010087:Oxides; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D006108:Graphite
keywords: liquid disordered phase membrane; liquid ordered phase liposome; membrane leak; membrane leakage; nuclear membrane penetration; pH Responsive