title: The prognostic role of metformin in patients with endometrial cancer: a retrospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Metformin has recently been discussed to possess anticancer activities and to positively affect the risk of developing cancer. We performed the present study to investigate the association of metformin and survival in patients with endometrial cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Within the present study we retrospectively reviewed the records of 465 consecutive patients with endometrial cancer. Drug intake of metformin was correlated with clinico-pathological parameters and the patients' survival. Chi-square test, Kruskal Wallis test, the product limit method of Kaplan and Meier, and multivariable Cox regression models were used to assess associations between metformin and clinico-pathological parameters and survival, as appropriate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-seven (18.7%) patients suffered from diabetes and of these 46 (52.8%) used metformin at the time of diagnosis. When analysing all patients, metformin did not affect the patients' survival. However, within the subgroup of overweight patients metformin was associated with a prolongation of overall survival (p=0.04). Within this subgroup, diabetic patients who did not use metformin had a 2.3 times higher risk for death (95%CI 1.1-4.7; p=0.02) compared to non-diabetic patients and diabetic patients using metformin. Metformin was not associated with prolonged recurrence-free or cancer-specific survival, irrespective of the patients' body mass index (p=0.08 and p=0.4, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our study might suggest a beneficial effect of metformin on overall survival in overweight diabetic patients with endometrial cancer. However, the question, if metformin can reduce the risk to die from endometrial cancer or improves all cause mortality only still remains open and needs further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: veronika.seebacher@meduniwien.ac.at.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Seebacher
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bergmeister
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koelbl
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Karl Landsteiner Institute for General Gynecology and Experimental Gynecologic Oncology, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reinthaller
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Karl Landsteiner Institute for General Gynecology and Experimental Gynecologic Oncology, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Polterauer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008687:Metformin
keywords: Diabetes; Endometrial cancer; Metformin; Obesity; Prognosis