title: NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE OF STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE IN HEALTHY CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OLD IN CENTRAL LOMBOK REGENCY, INDONESIA.
abstract: Colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae is mostly symptomless, but can progress to respiratory or even systemic disease. We investigated nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in healthy children under five years of age in Central Lombok Regency, Indonesia. This cross sectional study was carried out in 2012 among 1,200 healthy children aged 2 to 60 months. A multiplex sequential PCR was employed to determine serotype of cultured S. pneumoniae and a disk diffusion method to assess susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs. S. pneumoniae was cultured from 554 children and the most frequent serotypes found were 6A/B (22% of pneumococcal strains), 19F (11%), 23F (10%), 15B/C (8%), and 19A and 14 (4% each). The majority of strains were still susceptible to clindamycin (97%), erythromycin (87%), chloramphenicol (81%), and penicillin (72%), with only 41% and 38% susceptible to tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, respectively. Continuous surveillance of S. pneumoniae carriage is important for future pneumococcal vaccination programs in Indonesia.
authors.forename: Sri Rezeki
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hadinegoro
authors.forename: Ari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prayitno
authors.forename: Miftahuddin Majid
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Khoeri
authors.forename: I Gusti Gede
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Djelantik
authors.forename: Nurhandini Eka
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Dewi
authors.forename: Sang Ayu Kompiang
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Indriyani
authors.forename: Zainul
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Muttaqin
authors.forename: Siti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mudaliana
authors.forename: Dodi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Safari
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000382:microbiology*; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents