title: Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Hand and Wrist Trauma: Is There Sufficient Evidence of Reliability, Validity, and Responsiveness?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are important tools for assessing outcomes following injuries to the hand and wrist. Many commonly used PROMs have no evidence of reliability, validity, and responsiveness in a hand and wrist trauma population. This systematic review examines the PROMs used in the assessment of hand and wrist trauma patients, and the evidence for reliability, validity, and responsiveness of each measure in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of Pubmed, Medline, and CINAHL searching for randomized controlled trials of patients with traumatic injuries to the hand and wrist was carried out to identify the PROMs. For each identified PROM, evidence of reliability, validity, and responsiveness was identified using a further systematic review of the Pubmed, Medline, CINAHL, and reverse citation trail audit procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PROM used most often was the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire; the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE), Gartland and Werley score, Michigan Hand Outcomes score, Mayo Wrist Score, and Short Form 36 were also commonly used. Only the DASH and PRWE have evidence of reliability, validity, and responsiveness in patients with traumatic injuries to the hand and wrist; other measures either have incomplete evidence or evidence gathered in a nontraumatic population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DASH and PRWE both have evidence of reliability, validity, and responsiveness in a hand and wrist trauma population. Other PROMs used to assess hand and wrist trauma patients do not. This should be considered when selecting a PROM for patients with traumatic hand and wrist pathology.
authors.affiliation: University Hospitals Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, England.
authors.forename: Peter Jonathan
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Dacombe
authors.affiliation: University Hospitals Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, England.
authors.forename: Rouin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Amirfeyz
authors.affiliation: Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, England.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Davis
keywords: hand/wrist trauma; patient-reported outcomes measures; reliability; responsiveness; validity