title: Case-control study evaluating competing risk factors for angioedema in a high-risk population.
abstract: Black race is a risk factor for angioedema. The primary aim was to examine the relationship between race-ethnicity and risk factors for angioedema.
  
  
  
  Using a retrospective case-control study design, data was extracted with the Clinical Looking Glass utility, a data collection and management tool that captures data from electronic medical record systems within the Montefiore Healthcare System. Cases were emergency department (ED) visits with primary or secondary International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, code diagnoses of angioedema in adults aged ≥ 18 years from January 2008 to December 2013 at three Montefiore centers in Bronx, New York. Controls were a random sampling of adult ED visits during the same period.
  
  
  
  In primary analyses, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) and black race were evaluated for synergy. The influence of different risk factors in the development of angioedema was evaluated using logistic regression models. Finally, race-ethnicity was further explored by evaluating for effect modification by stratification of models by race-ethnicity categories.
  
  
  
  There were 1,247 cases and 6,500 controls randomly selected from a larger control pool. ACE-I use (odds ratio [OR] 3.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.98, 4.60), hypertension (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.55, 2.29), and black race (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.86, 2.72) were the strongest risk factors. ACE-I use and black race were not synergistic (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.80, 1.51). Race-ethnicity was an effect modifier for certain risk factors.
  
  
  
  Race-ethnicity acts as an effect modifier for particular angioedema risk factors. The two strongest risk factors, ACE-I use and black race, were not synergistic.
  
  
  
  3b. Laryngoscope, 126:1823-1830, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Rebecca J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kamil
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Elina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jerschow
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Loftus
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Melin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY.
authors.forename: Marvin P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Fried
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Richard V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, U.S.A.|Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Ow
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000799:Angioedema / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044469:Racial Groups; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
keywords: Angioedema; race; risk factors