title: Effects of acute and chronic interval sprint exercise performed on a manually propelled treadmill on upper limb vascular mechanics in healthy young men.
abstract: Interval sprint exercise performed on a manually propelled treadmill, where the hands grip the handle bars, engages lower and upper limb skeletal muscle, but little is known regarding the effects of this exercise modality on the upper limb vasculature. We tested the hypotheses that an acute bout of sprint exercise and 6 weeks of training induces brachial artery (BA) and forearm vascular remodeling, favoring a more compliant system. Before and following a single bout of exercise as well as 6 weeks of training three types of vascular properties/methodologies were examined in healthy men: (1) stiffness of the entire upper limb vascular system (pulse wave velocity (PWV); (2) local stiffness of the BA; and (3) properties of the entire forearm vascular bed (determined by a modified lumped parameter Windkessel model). Following sprint exercise, PWV declined (P < 0.01), indices of BA stiffness did not change (P ≥ 0.10), and forearm vascular bed compliance increased and inertance and viscoelasticity decreased (P ≤ 0.03). Following manually propelled treadmill training, PWV remained unchanged (P = 0.31), indices of BA stiffness increased (P ≤ 0.05) and forearm vascular bed viscoelasticity declined (P = 0.02), but resistance, compliance, and inertance remained unchanged (P ≥ 0.10) compared with pretraining values. Sprint exercise induced a more compliant forearm vascular bed, without altering indices of BA stiffness. These effects were transient, as following training the forearm vascular bed was not more compliant and indices of BA stiffness increased. On the basis of these data, we conclude that adaptations to acute and chronic sprint exercise on a manually propelled treadmill are not uniform along the arterial tree in upper limb.
authors.affiliation: Neurovascular Research Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri olvert@missouri.edu.
authors.forename: T Dylan
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Olver
authors.affiliation: Exercise Nutrition Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Steph M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.affiliation: Exercise Nutrition Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Neurovascular Research Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Departments of Applied Mathematics and of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Mair
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zamir
authors.affiliation: Exercise Nutrition Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Peter W R
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Lemon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri.
authors.forename: M Harold
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Laughlin
authors.affiliation: Neurovascular Research Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: J Kevin
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Shoemaker
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005542:Forearm; D018737:Hand Strength; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply*; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012420:Running; D013997:Time Factors; D066253:Vascular Remodeling; D014655:Vascular Resistance; D059289:Vascular Stiffness; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Arterial stiffness; interval sprint training; vascular mechanics; vascular remodeling