title: Death from respiratory diseases and temperature in Shiraz, Iran (2006-2011).
abstract: Some studies have suggested that the number of deaths increases as temperatures drops or rises above human thermal comfort zone. The present study was conducted to evaluate the relation between respiratory-related mortality and temperature in Shiraz, Iran. In this ecological study, data about the number of respiratory-related deaths sorted according to age and gender as well as average, minimum, and maximum ambient air temperatures during 2007-2011 were examined. The relationship between air temperature and respiratory-related deaths was calculated by crude and adjusted negative binomial regression analysis. It was adjusted for humidity, rainfall, wind speed and direction, and air pollutants including CO, NOx, PM10, SO2, O3, and THC. Spearman and Pearson correlations were also calculated between air temperature and respiratory-related deaths. The analysis was done using MINITAB16 and STATA 11. During this period, 2598 respiratory-related deaths occurred in Shiraz. The minimum number of respiratory-related deaths among all subjects happened in an average temperature of 25 °C. There was a significant inverse relationship between average temperature- and respiratory-related deaths among all subjects and women. There was also a significant inverse relationship between average temperature and respiratory-related deaths among all subjects, men and women in the next month. The results suggest that cold temperatures can increase the number of respiratory-related deaths and therefore policies to reduce mortality in cold weather, especially in patients with respiratory diseases should be implemented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Jiroft University of Medical Science, Jiroft, 78616-15765, Iran.
authors.forename: Manizhe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dadbakhsh
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. n_khanjani@kmu.ac.ir.|Monash Centre for Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. n_khanjani@kmu.ac.ir.|Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. n_khanjani@kmu.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Narges
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khanjani
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bahrampour
authors.affiliation: Deputy of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Pegah Shoae
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Haghighi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000032:analysis; D010126:Ozone / Q000032:analysis; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D011891:Rain; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D013696:Temperature; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D052638:Particulate Matter; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D010126:Ozone; D002248:Carbon Monoxide
keywords: Iran; Respiratory death; Shiraz; Temperature