title: PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AMONG HAUSA COMMUNITIES IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA.
abstract: Schistosomiasis remains one of the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases especially in Nigeria which has the greatest number of infected people worldwide. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 551 participants from Kano State, North Central Nigeria. Fecal samples were examined for the presence of Schistosoma mansoni eggs using the formalin-ether sedimentation method while the urine samples were examined using the filtration technique for the presence of S. haematobium eggs. Demographic, socioeconomic and environmental information was collected using a pre-validated questionnaire. The overall prevalence of schistosomiasis was 17.8%, with 8.9% and 8.3% infected with S. mansoni and S. haematobium, respectively and 0.5% presenting co-infection with both species. The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age < 18 years (OR = 2.13; 95% CI; 1.34- 3.41), presence of infected family members (OR = 3.98; 95% CI; 2.13-7.46), and history of infection (OR = 2.87; 95% CI; 1.87- 4.56) were the significant risk factors associated with schistosomiasis in these communities. In conclusion, this study revealed that schistosomiasis is still prevalent among Hausa communities in Nigeria. Mass drug administration, health education and community mobilization are imperative strategies to significantly reduce the prevalence and morbidity of schistosomiasis in these communities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya. 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. E-mails: saldawaki@gmail.com; halmekhlafi@yahoo.com; init@um.edu.my; jamaiahibrahim@um.edu.my; fafo_1979@yahoo.com; hanysady@yahoo.com; wahib_atrosh@yahoo.com; mona_areeqi@hotmail.com; elyana121@yahoo.com; nabilnesr@yahoo.com; joharisurin@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: Salwa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dawaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya. 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. E-mails: saldawaki@gmail.com; halmekhlafi@yahoo.com; init@um.edu.my; jamaiahibrahim@um.edu.my; fafo_1979@yahoo.com; hanysady@yahoo.com; wahib_atrosh@yahoo.com; mona_areeqi@hotmail.com; elyana121@yahoo.com; nabilnesr@yahoo.com; joharisurin@um.edu.my.|Endemic and Tropical Diseases Unit, Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: halmekhlafi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hesham Mahyoub
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Al-Mekhlafi
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya. 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. E-mails: saldawaki@gmail.com; halmekhlafi@yahoo.com; init@um.edu.my; jamaiahibrahim@um.edu.my; fafo_1979@yahoo.com; hanysady@yahoo.com; wahib_atrosh@yahoo.com; mona_areeqi@hotmail.com; elyana121@yahoo.com; nabilnesr@yahoo.com; joharisurin@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: Init
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ithoi
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya. 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. E-mails: saldawaki@gmail.com; halmekhlafi@yahoo.com; init@um.edu.my; jamaiahibrahim@um.edu.my; fafo_1979@yahoo.com; hanysady@yahoo.com; wahib_atrosh@yahoo.com; mona_areeqi@hotmail.com; elyana121@yahoo.com; nabilnesr@yahoo.com; joharisurin@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: Jamaiah
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya. 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. E-mails: saldawaki@gmail.com; halmekhlafi@yahoo.com; init@um.edu.my; jamaiahibrahim@um.edu.my; fafo_1979@yahoo.com; hanysady@yahoo.com; wahib_atrosh@yahoo.com; mona_areeqi@hotmail.com; elyana121@yahoo.com; nabilnesr@yahoo.com; joharisurin@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: Awatif Mohammed
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abdulsalam
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Umaru Musa Yar'adua University. Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria. E-mail: hamidmck@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Abdulhamid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya. 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. E-mails: saldawaki@gmail.com; halmekhlafi@yahoo.com; init@um.edu.my; jamaiahibrahim@um.edu.my; fafo_1979@yahoo.com; hanysady@yahoo.com; wahib_atrosh@yahoo.com; mona_areeqi@hotmail.com; elyana121@yahoo.com; nabilnesr@yahoo.com; joharisurin@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: Hany
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sady
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya. 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. E-mails: saldawaki@gmail.com; halmekhlafi@yahoo.com; init@um.edu.my; jamaiahibrahim@um.edu.my; fafo_1979@yahoo.com; hanysady@yahoo.com; wahib_atrosh@yahoo.com; mona_areeqi@hotmail.com; elyana121@yahoo.com; nabilnesr@yahoo.com; joharisurin@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: Wahib Mohammed
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Atroosh
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya. 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. E-mails: saldawaki@gmail.com; halmekhlafi@yahoo.com; init@um.edu.my; jamaiahibrahim@um.edu.my; fafo_1979@yahoo.com; hanysady@yahoo.com; wahib_atrosh@yahoo.com; mona_areeqi@hotmail.com; elyana121@yahoo.com; nabilnesr@yahoo.com; joharisurin@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: Mona Abdullah
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Al-Areeqi
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya. 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. E-mails: saldawaki@gmail.com; halmekhlafi@yahoo.com; init@um.edu.my; jamaiahibrahim@um.edu.my; fafo_1979@yahoo.com; hanysady@yahoo.com; wahib_atrosh@yahoo.com; mona_areeqi@hotmail.com; elyana121@yahoo.com; nabilnesr@yahoo.com; joharisurin@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: Fatin Nur
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Elyana
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya. 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. E-mails: saldawaki@gmail.com; halmekhlafi@yahoo.com; init@um.edu.my; jamaiahibrahim@um.edu.my; fafo_1979@yahoo.com; hanysady@yahoo.com; wahib_atrosh@yahoo.com; mona_areeqi@hotmail.com; elyana121@yahoo.com; nabilnesr@yahoo.com; joharisurin@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: Nabil Ahmed
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Nasr
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya. 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. E-mails: saldawaki@gmail.com; halmekhlafi@yahoo.com; init@um.edu.my; jamaiahibrahim@um.edu.my; fafo_1979@yahoo.com; hanysady@yahoo.com; wahib_atrosh@yahoo.com; mona_areeqi@hotmail.com; elyana121@yahoo.com; nabilnesr@yahoo.com; joharisurin@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: Johari
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Surin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012548:Schistosoma haematobium / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012553:Schistosomiasis haematobia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012555:Schistosomiasis mansoni / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult