title: Emerging Biologics in Severe Asthma.
abstract: Asthma is a heterogeneous disease that can be classified into different clinical endotypes, depending on the type of airway inflammation, clinical severity, and response to treatment. This article focuses on the eosinophilic endotype of asthma, which is defined by the central role that eosinophils play in the pathophysiology of the condition. It is characterized by persistently elevated sputum and/or blood eosinophils and by a significant response to treatments that suppress eosinophilia. Eosinophil activity in the airway may be more important than their numbers and this needs to be investigated. Transcriplomic or Metabolomic signatures may also be useful to identify this endotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK. Electronic address: ian.pavord@ndm.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Ian D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Pavord
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK; Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hilvering
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK.
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shrimanker
mesh_terms: D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D001688:Biological Products / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D004802:Eosinophilia / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D010641:Phenotype; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Anti-IL-13; Anti-IL-4&13; Anti-IL-5; Biomarkers; Severe asthma; Type-2 cytokines