title: Vitamin D as an Immunomodulator: Risks with Deficiencies and Benefits of Supplementation.
abstract: Vitamin D refers to a class of fat-soluble secosteroids often associated with their role in absorption and metabolism of minerals such as calcium and phosphate. In recent years, our understanding of vitamin D has expanded to include its role in modulating the immune system. Of particular focus are the effects of vitamin D deficiency and supplementation on patients suffering from disorders due to dysregulation of the immune system. In patients with multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease, deficiencies in vitamin D have been associated with an increased risk of disease activity. In this review, we will look at the current state of research in regards to the relationship between vitamin D and immune-dysregulation. We will focus on both the risks associated with vitamin D deficiency as well as the benefits of vitamin D supplementation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 3116G Taubman Center, SPC 5368, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. goldsmja@med.umich.edu.
authors.forename: Jason R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Goldsmith
keywords: Treg; immune function; immunomodulator; inflammatory bowel diseases; multiple sclerosis; rheumatoid arthritis; vitamin D