title: FBW7 mutations mediate resistance of colorectal cancer to targeted therapies by blocking Mcl-1 degradation.
abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC), the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the US, has been treated with targeted therapies. However, the mechanisms of differential responses and resistance of CRCs to targeted therapies are not well understood. In this study, we found that genetic alterations of FBW7, an E3 ubiquitin ligase and a tumor suppressor frequently mutated in CRCs, contribute to resistance to targeted therapies. CRC cells containing FBW7-inactivating mutations are insensitive to clinically used multi-kinase inhibitors of RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling, including regorafenib and sorafenib. In contrast, sensitivity to these agents is not affected by oncogenic mutations in KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA or p53. These cells are defective in apoptosis owing to blocked degradation of Mcl-1, a pro-survival Bcl-2 family protein. Deleting FBW7 in FBW7-wild-type CRC cells abolishes Mcl-1 degradation and recapitulates the in vitro and in vivo drug-resistance phenotypes of FBW7-mutant cells. CRC cells selected for regorafenib resistance have progressive enrichment of pre-existing FBW7 hotspot mutations, and are cross-resistant to other targeted drugs that induce Mcl-1 degradation. Furthermore, a selective Mcl-1 inhibitor restores regorafenib sensitivity in CRC cells with intrinsic or acquired resistance. Together, our results demonstrate FBW7 mutational status as a key genetic determinant of CRC response to targeted therapies, and Mcl-1 as an attractive therapeutic target.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1640-5769
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.|College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D044783:F-Box Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000073979:F-Box-WD Repeat-Containing Protein 7; D005260:Female; D055786:Gene Knockout Techniques; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D064593:Heterografts; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077157:Sorafenib; D014162:Transfection; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D044783:F-Box Proteins; D000073979:F-Box-WD Repeat-Containing Protein 7; C513273:FBXW7 protein, human; C579095:MCL1 protein, human; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011725:Pyridines; C559147:regorafenib; D009536:Niacinamide; D000077157:Sorafenib; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases