title: Biochemical Constituents and in Vitro Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Potential of Seeds from Native Korean Persimmon Genotypes.
abstract: In the current study, the functional and biochemical potential of the seeds of four persimmon cultivars (PC1, PC2, PC3 and PC4) and their role against oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition were evaluated. In terms of biochemical compositions, free amino acids, fatty acids and organic acids analysis was performed. The free amino acids ranged from 2617.31 (PC2) to 3773.01 μg∙g(-1) dry weight (PC4). Oleic acid and linoleic acid were the principal fatty acids, which were significantly higher in PC4 and PC1, respectively. PC4 presented the highest amount of organic acid content (4212 mg∙kg(-1)), whereas PC2 presented the lowest (2498 mg∙kg(-1)). PC2 contained higher total phenolic content and flavonoid content, whereas PC3 had the lowest amount as compared to other cultivars. The in vitro DPPH, ABTS and superoxide anion radicals scavenging activity increased in a dose-dependent manner, whereas PC2 showed significantly higher scavenging activities as compared to PC1, PC2 and PC4 types. In the case of AChE inhibition, PC4 showed a moderate activity (67.34% ± 1.8%). In conclusion, the current findings reveal that the studied persimmon seeds cultivars are a source of bioactive natural antioxidants and AChE inhibitors. Such natural products could be employed in pharmaceutical and food industries, whilst can also be considered for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea. saqib043@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Saqib
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bilal
authors.affiliation: UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants &amp; Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman. latifepm78@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: Abdul Latif
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea. agronomist89@gmail.com.|Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan. agronomist89@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Waqas
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea. raheemshehzad@ymail.com.
authors.forename: Raheem
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shahzad
authors.affiliation: International Institute of Agriculture Research &amp; Development, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea. ildookim@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Il-Doo
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea. ijlee@knu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: In-Jung
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea. dhshin@knu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Dong-Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000737:chemistry*; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D029788:Diospyros / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005838:Genotype; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010851:Picrates / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013481:Superoxides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005419:Flavonoids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010636:Phenols; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D013481:Superoxides; C002502:2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; amino acids; fatty acids; human health; phenolic content; reactive oxygen species