title: Continuous Direct Current Nerve Block Using Multi Contact High Capacitance Electrodes.
abstract: Charge-balanced direct current (CBDC) nerve block can be used to block nerve conduction in peripheral nerves. Previous work demonstrated that the CBDC waveform could be used to achieve a 10% duty cycle of block to non-block repeatedly for at least two hours. We demonstrate that the duty cycle of this approach can be significantly increased by utilizing multiple electrode contacts and cycling the CBDC waveform between each contact in a "carousel" configuration. Using this approach, we demonstrated in an acute rat sciatic nerve preparation, that a 30% duty cycle complete block can be achieved with two contacts; and a 100% duty cycle block (>95% complete block) can be achieved with four contacts. This latter configuration utilized a 4-s block plateau, with 3 s between successive plateaus at each contact and a recharge phase amplitude that was 34% of the block amplitude. Further optimization of the carousel approach can be achieved to improve block effectiveness and minimize total electrode length. This approach may have significant clinical use in cases where a partial or complete block of peripheral nerve activity is required. In one example case, we achieved continuous block for 22 min without degradation of nerve conduction. Future study will be required to further optimize this technique and to demonstrate safety for chronic human use.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vrabec
authors.forename: Niloy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bhadra
authors.forename: Gustaf
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van Acker
authors.forename: Narendra
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bhadra
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kilgore
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D025802:Electric Capacitance; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004566:Electrodes; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D058542:Implantable Neurostimulators; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity