title: Vascular and metabolic effects of omega-3 fatty acids combined with fenofibrate in patients with hypertriglyceridemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Effects of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) combined with fenofibrate are not yet investigated, compared with fenofibrate.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study. Age, sex, and body mass index were matched among groups. All patients were recommended to maintain a low fat diet. Fifty patients with hypertriglyceridemia in each group were given placebo, n-3 FA 2g+fenofibrate 160mg (combination), or fenofibrate 160mg, respectively daily for 2months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Placebo, combination, and fenofibrate significantly decreased triglycerides by 7%, 41% and 30%, respectively and triglycerides/HDL cholesterol ratio by 11%, 45% and 32%, respectively relative to baseline measurements (all P<0.05 by paired t-test). When compared with placebo and fenofibrate, these with combination were significant (P<0.001 by ANOVA). When compared with placebo, both combination and fenofibrate significantly decreased apolipoprotein B and non-HDL cholesterol and improved flow-mediated dilation and reduced CRP and fibrinogen (all P<0.05 by ANOVA), however, there were no significant differences between combination and fenofibrate. When compared with placebo, both combination and fenofibrate significantly reduced insulin and glucose (both P<0.05 by ANOVA), and improved insulin sensitivity (P=0.005 by ANOVA). However, there were no significant differences between combination and fenofibrate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When compared with fenofibrate, combination significantly decreased triglycerides and triglycerides/HDL cholesterol ratio. Otherwise, combination and fenofibrate significantly reduced apolipoprotein B and non-HDL cholesterol and improved flow-mediated dilation and reduced CRP and fibrinogen to a similar extent. Also, combination and fenofibrate significantly improved insulin sensitivity to a similar extent by reducing insulin and glucose in patients with hypertriglyceridemia.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kwangk@gilhospital.com.
authors.forename: Kwang Kon
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.affiliation: Cardiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Pyung Chun
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Cardiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sakuma
authors.affiliation: Cardiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yonghee
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Cardiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Cardiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eak Kyun
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000379:methods; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D011345:Fenofibrate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D014280:Triglycerides; D011345:Fenofibrate
keywords: Fenofibrate; Hypertriglyceridemia; Insulin resistance; Omega-3 fatty acids