title: Correlates of Reported Use and Perceived Helpfulness of Calorie Information in Restaurants Among U.S. Adults.
abstract: This study reports correlates in reported use and helpfulness of calorie information, when available, in restaurants on a national scale in the United States for demographic behavioral and health-related conditions.
  
  
  
  This study is a secondary data analysis of the 2013 National Cancer Institute's Health Information National Trends Survey data.
  
  
  
  United States.
  
  
  
  Adults (n = 3407).
  
  
  
  Menu labeling use and helpfulness; behavior change attempts; reported fruit, vegetable, and soda consumption; weight status; and chronic health conditions.
  
  
  
  Trends were identified in weighted logistic and linear regression models.
  
  
  
  U.S. adults who intended to lose weight (odds ratio [OR] = 5.01 [95% confidence interval 2.96, 8.46]), increase fruit (OR = 1.10 [.66, 1.84]) or vegetable consumption (OR = 2.25 [1.32, 3.83]), or reduce soda consumption (OR = 1.67 [1.11, 2.51]) were more likely to report using menu-labeling information when available. More women reported calorie information was helpful when ordering (p < .05). Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic status disparities were identified in use (non-Hispanic [NH] blacks vs. NH whites OR = .43 [.25, .74]) and helpfulness (NH blacks vs. NH whites β = -.06 [-.44, .32]).
  
  
  
  Findings highlight potential subgroups to target for communication and education efforts regarding use of calorie information in restaurants. Following publication of final rules for federal menu-labeling legislation and implementation, further surveillance of public response to this information may inform message framing and educational interventions to promote use of calorie information on menu boards.
authors.affiliation: Health Communication and Informatics Research Branch, Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA april.oh@nih.gov.
authors.forename: April
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Science of Research and Technology Branch, Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Anh Bao
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: LiveHealthier, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Patrick
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001835:Body Weight; D002253:Carbonated Beverages; D004032:Diet / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005515:Food Labeling; D005638:Fruit; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012147:Restaurants; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D014675:Vegetables; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: behavior change; diet; disparities; menu labeling; policy; prevention research