title: Decreased expression of Calpain-9 predicts unfavorable prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.
abstract: Calpain-8 and calpain-9 belong to the family of calcium-dependent cysteine proteases, which are highly expressed in the stomach. However, the roles of calpain-8 and calpain-9 in gastric tumorigenesis remain little understood. Herein, we demonstrated that calpain-9 was generally decreased in gastric cancer cell lines and primary tumor tissues, while calpain-8 expression was not significantly altered. Calpain-9, but not calpain-8, induced cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and cellular apoptosis in vitro, and it attenuated the growth of subcutaneous tumor xenografts in vivo. Low expression of calpain-9 was positively associated with male sex, late T stage, lymph node metastasis, and advanced TNM stage. Further analysis identified calpain-9 as an independent prognostic factor for poor prognosis, and combining calpain-9 with TNM stage generated a better predictive model for patient outcomes. In conclusion, calpain-9 is a tumor suppressor that can be regarded as a potential prognosis indicator for clinical outcomes in gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Peike
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Weicheng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Junjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Shushu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Xuefei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Dongwei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Miaomiao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Mingming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Fangfang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Caiting
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Zhenbin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.|Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Jianxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002154:Calpain / Q000378:metabolism*; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015996:Survival Rate; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: C000624551:CAPN8 protein, human; C518121:CAPN9 protein, human; D002154:Calpain