title: Accuracy of chest radiography for positioning of the umbilical venous catheter.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the accuracy of the simultaneous analysis of three radiographic anatomical landmarks - diaphragm, cardiac silhouette, and vertebral bodies - in determining the position of the umbilical venous catheter distal end using echocardiography as a reference standard.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional, observational study, with the prospective inclusion of data from all neonates born in a public reference hospital, between April 2012 and September 2013, submitted to umbilical venous catheter insertion as part of their medical care. The position of the catheter distal end, determined by the simultaneous analysis of three radiographic anatomical landmarks, was compared with the anatomical position obtained by echocardiography; sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 162 newborns assessed by echocardiography, only 44 (27.16%) had the catheter in optimal position, in the thoracic portion of the inferior vena cava or at the junction of the inferior vena cava with the right atrium. The catheters were located in the left atrium and interatrial septum in 54 (33.33%) newborns, in the right atrium in 26 (16.05%), intra-hepatic in 37 (22.84%), and intra-aortic in-one newborn (0.62%). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the radiography to detect the catheter in the target area were 56%, 71%, and 67.28%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anteroposterior radiography of the chest alone is not able to safely define the umbilical venous catheter position. Echocardiography allows direct visualization of the catheter tip in relation to vascular structures and, whenever possible, should be considered to identify the location of the umbilical venous catheter.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Hospital das Clínicas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Santa Efigênia, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: adriana.furletti@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Adriana F M
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.affiliation: Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Santa Efigênia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline A C G de
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Departamento de Pediatria, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Cândida F
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bouzada
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Hospital das Clínicas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Departamento de Pediatria, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Zilda M A
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Meira
mesh_terms: D059925:Anatomic Landmarks / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004452:Echocardiography; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013131:Spine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
keywords: Cateterismo venoso central; Central venous catheter; Chest radiography; Echocardiography; Ecocardiografia; Newborn; Radiografia torácica; Recém-nascido; Umbilical veins; Veias umbilicais