title: Acute flaccid myelitis: A clinical review of US cases 2012-2015.
abstract: This review highlights clinical features of the increasing cases of acute flaccid paralysis associated with anterior myelitis noted in the United States from 2012 to 2015. Acute flaccid myelitis refers to acute flaccid limb weakness with spinal cord gray matter lesions on imaging or evidence of spinal cord motor neuron injury on electrodiagnostic testing. Although some individuals demonstrated improvement in motor weakness and functional deficits, most have residual weakness a year or more after onset. Epidemiological evidence and biological plausibility support an association between enterovirus D68 and the recent increase in acute flaccid myelitis cases in the United States. Ann Neurol 2016;80:326-338.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hospital Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO. Kevin.messacar@childrenscolorado.org.|Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO. Kevin.messacar@childrenscolorado.org.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5830-3491
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Messacar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.
authors.forename: Teri L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Schreiner
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van Haren
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7542-9053
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Oakland, CA, and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Carol A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Glaser
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology, Medicine and Immunology-Microbiology at the University of Colorado School of Medicine and Neurology Service at the Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: Kenneth L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Tyler
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.
authors.forename: Samuel R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Dominguez
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D030016:Enterovirus D, Human / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D009187:Myelitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010243:Paralysis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014481:United States