title: Characteristics of Patients Who Survived < 3 Months or > 2 Years After Surgery for Spinal Metastases: Can We Avoid Inappropriate Patient Selection?
abstract: Survival after metastatic cancer has improved at the cost of increased presentation with metastatic spinal disease. For patients with pathologic spinal fractures and/or spinal cord compression, surgical intervention may relieve pain and improve quality of life. Surgery is generally considered to be inappropriate if anticipated survival is < 3 months. The aim of this international multicenter study was to analyze data from patients who died within 3 months or 2 years after surgery, to identify preoperative factors associated with poor or good survival, and to avoid inappropriate selection of patients for surgery in the future.
  
  
  
  A total of 1,266 patients underwent surgery for impending pathologic fractures and/or neurologic deficits and were prospectively observed. Data collected included tumor characteristics, preoperative fitness (American Society of Anesthesiologists advisory [ASA]), neurologic status (Frankel scale), performance (Karnofsky performance score [KPS]), and quality of life (EuroQol five-dimensions questionnaire [EQ-5D]). Outcomes were survival at 3 months and 2 years postsurgery. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to find preoperative factors associated with short-term and long-term survival.
  
  
  
  In univariable analysis, age, emergency surgery, KPS, EQ-5D, ASA, Frankel, and Tokuhashi/Tomita scores were significantly associated with short survival. In multivariable analysis, KPS and age were significantly associated with short survival (odds ratio [OR], 1.36; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.62; and OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.27, respectively). Associated with longer survival in univariable analysis were age, number of levels included in surgery, KPS, EQ-5D, Frankel, and Tokuhashi/Tomita scores. In multivariable analysis, the number of levels included in surgery (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.38) and primary tumor type were significantly associated with longer survival.
  
  
  
  Poor performance status at presentation is the strongest indicator of poor short-term survival, whereas low disease load and favorable tumor histology are associated with longer-term survival.
authors.affiliation: Jorrit-Jan Verlaan, Anne Versteeg, and F. Cumhur Oner, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Mark Arts, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague; Maarten Hubert Coppes, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Wilco Peul, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; David Choi and Hugh Alan Crockard, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London; Christian Ulbricht, Charing Cross Hospital, London; Yee Leung, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton; Nasir A. Quraishi, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Todd Albert and James Harrop, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA; Jacob Maciej Buchowski, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Michael Wang, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Laurent Balabaud and Christian Mazel, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Cody Bunger, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Chung Kee Chung, Seoul National University; Eun Sang Kim and Chong-Suh Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bart Depreitere, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Michael George Fehlings and Eric Maurice Massicotte, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Norio Kawahara, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital; Katsuro Tomita, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa; Yasuaki Tokuhashi, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Zhongjun Liu, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Antonio Martin-Benlloch, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; and Bernhard Meyer, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. j.j.verlaan@umcutrecht.nl.
authors.forename: Jorrit-Jan
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Verlaan
authors.affiliation: Jorrit-Jan Verlaan, Anne Versteeg, and F. Cumhur Oner, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Mark Arts, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague; Maarten Hubert Coppes, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Wilco Peul, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; David Choi and Hugh Alan Crockard, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London; Christian Ulbricht, Charing Cross Hospital, London; Yee Leung, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton; Nasir A. Quraishi, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Todd Albert and James Harrop, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA; Jacob Maciej Buchowski, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Michael Wang, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Laurent Balabaud and Christian Mazel, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Cody Bunger, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Chung Kee Chung, Seoul National University; Eun Sang Kim and Chong-Suh Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bart Depreitere, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Michael George Fehlings and Eric Maurice Massicotte, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Norio Kawahara, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital; Katsuro Tomita, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa; Yasuaki Tokuhashi, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Zhongjun Liu, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Antonio Martin-Benlloch, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; and Bernhard Meyer, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Jorrit-Jan Verlaan, Anne Versteeg, and F. Cumhur Oner, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Mark Arts, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague; Maarten Hubert Coppes, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Wilco Peul, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; David Choi and Hugh Alan Crockard, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London; Christian Ulbricht, Charing Cross Hospital, London; Yee Leung, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton; Nasir A. Quraishi, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Todd Albert and James Harrop, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA; Jacob Maciej Buchowski, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Michael Wang, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Laurent Balabaud and Christian Mazel, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Cody Bunger, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Chung Kee Chung, Seoul National University; Eun Sang Kim and Chong-Suh Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bart Depreitere, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Michael George Fehlings and Eric Maurice Massicotte, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Norio Kawahara, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital; Katsuro Tomita, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa; Yasuaki Tokuhashi, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Zhongjun Liu, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Antonio Martin-Benlloch, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; and Bernhard Meyer, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Versteeg
authors.affiliation: Jorrit-Jan Verlaan, Anne Versteeg, and F. Cumhur Oner, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Mark Arts, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague; Maarten Hubert Coppes, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Wilco Peul, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; David Choi and Hugh Alan Crockard, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London; Christian Ulbricht, Charing Cross Hospital, London; Yee Leung, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton; Nasir A. Quraishi, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Todd Albert and James Harrop, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA; Jacob Maciej Buchowski, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Michael Wang, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Laurent Balabaud and Christian Mazel, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Cody Bunger, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Chung Kee Chung, Seoul National University; Eun Sang Kim and Chong-Suh Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bart Depreitere, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Michael George Fehlings and Eric Maurice Massicotte, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Norio Kawahara, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital; Katsuro Tomita, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa; Yasuaki Tokuhashi, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Zhongjun Liu, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Antonio Martin-Benlloch, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; and Bernhard Meyer, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.affiliation: Jorrit-Jan Verlaan, Anne Versteeg, and F. Cumhur Oner, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Mark Arts, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague; Maarten Hubert Coppes, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Wilco Peul, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; David Choi and Hugh Alan Crockard, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London; Christian Ulbricht, Charing Cross Hospital, London; Yee Leung, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton; Nasir A. Quraishi, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Todd Albert and James Harrop, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA; Jacob Maciej Buchowski, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Michael Wang, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Laurent Balabaud and Christian Mazel, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Cody Bunger, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Chung Kee Chung, Seoul National University; Eun Sang Kim and Chong-Suh Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bart Depreitere, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Michael George Fehlings and Eric Maurice Massicotte, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Norio Kawahara, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital; Katsuro Tomita, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa; Yasuaki Tokuhashi, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Zhongjun Liu, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Antonio Martin-Benlloch, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; and Bernhard Meyer, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arts
authors.affiliation: Jorrit-Jan Verlaan, Anne Versteeg, and F. Cumhur Oner, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Mark Arts, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague; Maarten Hubert Coppes, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Wilco Peul, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; David Choi and Hugh Alan Crockard, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London; Christian Ulbricht, Charing Cross Hospital, London; Yee Leung, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton; Nasir A. Quraishi, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Todd Albert and James Harrop, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA; Jacob Maciej Buchowski, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Michael Wang, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Laurent Balabaud and Christian Mazel, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Cody Bunger, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Chung Kee Chung, Seoul National University; Eun Sang Kim and Chong-Suh Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bart Depreitere, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Michael George Fehlings and Eric Maurice Massicotte, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Norio Kawahara, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital; Katsuro Tomita, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa; Yasuaki Tokuhashi, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Zhongjun Liu, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Antonio Martin-Benlloch, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; and Bernhard Meyer, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Balabaud
authors.affiliation: Jorrit-Jan Verlaan, Anne Versteeg, and F. Cumhur Oner, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Mark Arts, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague; Maarten Hubert Coppes, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Wilco Peul, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; David Choi and Hugh Alan Crockard, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London; Christian Ulbricht, Charing Cross Hospital, London; Yee Leung, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton; Nasir A. Quraishi, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Todd Albert and James Harrop, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA; Jacob Maciej Buchowski, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Michael Wang, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Laurent Balabaud and Christian Mazel, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Cody Bunger, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Chung Kee Chung, Seoul National University; Eun Sang Kim and Chong-Suh Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bart Depreitere, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Michael George Fehlings and Eric Maurice Massicotte, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Norio Kawahara, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital; Katsuro Tomita, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa; Yasuaki Tokuhashi, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Zhongjun Liu, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Antonio Martin-Benlloch, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; and Bernhard Meyer, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Cody
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bunger
authors.affiliation: Jorrit-Jan Verlaan, Anne Versteeg, and F. Cumhur Oner, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Mark Arts, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague; Maarten Hubert Coppes, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Wilco Peul, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; David Choi and Hugh Alan Crockard, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London; Christian Ulbricht, Charing Cross Hospital, London; Yee Leung, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton; Nasir A. Quraishi, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Todd Albert and James Harrop, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA; Jacob Maciej Buchowski, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Michael Wang, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Laurent Balabaud and Christian Mazel, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Cody Bunger, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Chung Kee Chung, Seoul National University; Eun Sang Kim and Chong-Suh Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bart Depreitere, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Michael George Fehlings and Eric Maurice Massicotte, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Norio Kawahara, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital; Katsuro Tomita, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa; Yasuaki Tokuhashi, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Zhongjun Liu, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Antonio Martin-Benlloch, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; and Bernhard Meyer, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Jacob Maciej
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Buchowski
authors.affiliation: Jorrit-Jan Verlaan, Anne Versteeg, and F. Cumhur Oner, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Mark Arts, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague; Maarten Hubert Coppes, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Wilco Peul, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; David Choi and Hugh Alan Crockard, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London; Christian Ulbricht, Charing Cross Hospital, London; Yee Leung, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton; Nasir A. Quraishi, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Todd Albert and James Harrop, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA; Jacob Maciej Buchowski, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Michael Wang, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Laurent Balabaud and Christian Mazel, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Cody Bunger, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Chung Kee Chung, Seoul National University; Eun Sang Kim and Chong-Suh Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bart Depreitere, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Michael George Fehlings and Eric Maurice Massicotte, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Norio Kawahara, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital; Katsuro Tomita, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa; Yasuaki Tokuhashi, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Zhongjun Liu, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Antonio Martin-Benlloch, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; and Bernhard Meyer, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Chung Kee
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Jorrit-Jan Verlaan, Anne Versteeg, and F. Cumhur Oner, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Mark Arts, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague; Maarten Hubert Coppes, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Wilco Peul, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; David Choi and Hugh Alan Crockard, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London; Christian Ulbricht, Charing Cross Hospital, London; Yee Leung, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton; Nasir A. Quraishi, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Todd Albert and James Harrop, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA; Jacob Maciej Buchowski, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Michael Wang, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Laurent Balabaud and Christian Mazel, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Cody Bunger, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Chung Kee Chung, Seoul National University; Eun Sang Kim and Chong-Suh Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bart Depreitere, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Michael George Fehlings and Eric Maurice Massicotte, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Norio Kawahara, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital; Katsuro Tomita, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa; Yasuaki Tokuhashi, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Zhongjun Liu, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Antonio Martin-Benlloch, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; and Bernhard Meyer, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Maarten Hubert
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Coppes
authors.affiliation: Jorrit-Jan Verlaan, Anne Versteeg, and F. Cumhur Oner, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Mark Arts, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague; Maarten Hubert Coppes, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Wilco Peul, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; David Choi and Hugh Alan Crockard, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London; Christian Ulbricht, Charing Cross Hospital, London; Yee Leung, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton; Nasir A. Quraishi, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Todd Albert and James Harrop, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA; Jacob Maciej Buchowski, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Michael Wang, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Laurent Balabaud and Christian Mazel, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Cody Bunger, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Chung Kee Chung, Seoul National University; Eun Sang Kim and Chong-Suh Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bart Depreitere, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Michael George Fehlings and Eric Maurice Massicotte, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Norio Kawahara, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital; Katsuro Tomita, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa; Yasuaki Tokuhashi, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Zhongjun Liu, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Antonio Martin-Benlloch, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; and Bernhard Meyer, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Hugh Alan
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Crockard
authors.affiliation: Jorrit-Jan Verlaan, Anne Versteeg, and F. Cumhur Oner, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Mark Arts, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague; Maarten Hubert Coppes, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Wilco Peul, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; David Choi and Hugh Alan Crockard, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London; Christian Ulbricht, Charing Cross Hospital, London; Yee Leung, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton; Nasir A. Quraishi, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Todd Albert and James Harrop, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA; Jacob Maciej Buchowski, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Michael Wang, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Laurent Balabaud and Christian Mazel, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Cody Bunger, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Chung Kee Chung, Seoul National University; Eun Sang Kim and Chong-Suh Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bart Depreitere, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Michael George Fehlings and Eric Maurice Massicotte, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Norio Kawahara, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital; Katsuro Tomita, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa; Yasuaki Tokuhashi, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Zhongjun Liu, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Antonio Martin-Benlloch, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; and Bernhard Meyer, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Depreitere
authors.affiliation: Jorrit-Jan Verlaan, Anne Versteeg, and F. Cumhur Oner, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Mark Arts, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague; Maarten Hubert Coppes, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Wilco Peul, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; David Choi and Hugh Alan Crockard, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London; Christian Ulbricht, Charing Cross Hospital, London; Yee Leung, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton; Nasir A. Quraishi, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Todd Albert and James Harrop, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA; Jacob Maciej Buchowski, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Michael Wang, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Laurent Balabaud and Christian Mazel, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Cody Bunger, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Chung Kee Chung, Seoul National University; Eun Sang Kim and Chong-Suh Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bart Depreitere, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Michael George Fehlings and Eric Maurice Massicotte, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Norio Kawahara, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital; Katsuro Tomita, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa; Yasuaki Tokuhashi, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Zhongjun Liu, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Antonio Martin-Benlloch, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; and Bernhard Meyer, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael George
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Fehlings
authors.affiliation: Jorrit-Jan Verlaan, Anne Versteeg, and F. Cumhur Oner, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Mark Arts, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague; Maarten Hubert Coppes, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Wilco Peul, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; David Choi and Hugh Alan Crockard, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London; Christian Ulbricht, Charing Cross Hospital, London; Yee Leung, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton; Nasir A. Quraishi, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Todd Albert and James Harrop, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA; Jacob Maciej Buchowski, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Michael Wang, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Laurent Balabaud and Christian Mazel, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Cody Bunger, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Chung Kee Chung, Seoul National University; Eun Sang Kim and Chong-Suh Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bart Depreitere, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Michael George Fehlings and Eric Maurice Massicotte, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Norio Kawahara, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital; Katsuro Tomita, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa; Yasuaki Tokuhashi, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Zhongjun Liu, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Antonio Martin-Benlloch, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; and Bernhard Meyer, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harrop
authors.affiliation: Jorrit-Jan Verlaan, Anne Versteeg, and F. Cumhur Oner, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Mark Arts, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague; Maarten Hubert Coppes, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Wilco Peul, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; David Choi and Hugh Alan Crockard, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London; Christian Ulbricht, Charing Cross Hospital, London; Yee Leung, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton; Nasir A. Quraishi, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Todd Albert and James Harrop, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA; Jacob Maciej Buchowski, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Michael Wang, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Laurent Balabaud and Christian Mazel, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Cody Bunger, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Chung Kee Chung, Seoul National University; Eun Sang Kim and Chong-Suh Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bart Depreitere, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Michael George Fehlings and Eric Maurice Massicotte, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Norio Kawahara, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital; Katsuro Tomita, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa; Yasuaki Tokuhashi, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Zhongjun Liu, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Antonio Martin-Benlloch, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; and Bernhard Meyer, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.affiliation: Jorrit-Jan Verlaan, Anne Versteeg, and F. Cumhur Oner, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Mark Arts, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague; Maarten Hubert Coppes, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Wilco Peul, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; David Choi and Hugh Alan Crockard, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London; Christian Ulbricht, Charing Cross Hospital, London; Yee Leung, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton; Nasir A. Quraishi, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Todd Albert and James Harrop, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA; Jacob Maciej Buchowski, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Michael Wang, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Laurent Balabaud and Christian Mazel, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Cody Bunger, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Chung Kee Chung, Seoul National University; Eun Sang Kim and Chong-Suh Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bart Depreitere, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Michael George Fehlings and Eric Maurice Massicotte, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Norio Kawahara, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital; Katsuro Tomita, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa; Yasuaki Tokuhashi, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Zhongjun Liu, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Antonio Martin-Benlloch, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; and Bernhard Meyer, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Eun Sang
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Jorrit-Jan Verlaan, Anne Versteeg, and F. Cumhur Oner, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Mark Arts, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague; Maarten Hubert Coppes, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Wilco Peul, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; David Choi and Hugh Alan Crockard, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London; Christian Ulbricht, Charing Cross Hospital, London; Yee Leung, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton; Nasir A. Quraishi, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Todd Albert and James Harrop, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA; Jacob Maciej Buchowski, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Michael Wang, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Laurent Balabaud and Christian Mazel, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Cody Bunger, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Chung Kee Chung, Seoul National University; Eun Sang Kim and Chong-Suh Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bart Depreitere, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Michael George Fehlings and Eric Maurice Massicotte, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Norio Kawahara, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital; Katsuro Tomita, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa; Yasuaki Tokuhashi, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Zhongjun Liu, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Antonio Martin-Benlloch, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; and Bernhard Meyer, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Chong-Suh
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Jorrit-Jan Verlaan, Anne Versteeg, and F. Cumhur Oner, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Mark Arts, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague; Maarten Hubert Coppes, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Wilco Peul, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; David Choi and Hugh Alan Crockard, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London; Christian Ulbricht, Charing Cross Hospital, London; Yee Leung, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton; Nasir A. Quraishi, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Todd Albert and James Harrop, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA; Jacob Maciej Buchowski, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Michael Wang, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Laurent Balabaud and Christian Mazel, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Cody Bunger, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Chung Kee Chung, Seoul National University; Eun Sang Kim and Chong-Suh Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bart Depreitere, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Michael George Fehlings and Eric Maurice Massicotte, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Norio Kawahara, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital; Katsuro Tomita, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa; Yasuaki Tokuhashi, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Zhongjun Liu, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Antonio Martin-Benlloch, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; and Bernhard Meyer, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Yee
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.affiliation: Jorrit-Jan Verlaan, Anne Versteeg, and F. Cumhur Oner, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Mark Arts, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague; Maarten Hubert Coppes, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Wilco Peul, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; David Choi and Hugh Alan Crockard, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London; Christian Ulbricht, Charing Cross Hospital, London; Yee Leung, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton; Nasir A. Quraishi, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Todd Albert and James Harrop, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA; Jacob Maciej Buchowski, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Michael Wang, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Laurent Balabaud and Christian Mazel, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Cody Bunger, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Chung Kee Chung, Seoul National University; Eun Sang Kim and Chong-Suh Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bart Depreitere, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Michael George Fehlings and Eric Maurice Massicotte, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Norio Kawahara, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital; Katsuro Tomita, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa; Yasuaki Tokuhashi, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Zhongjun Liu, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Antonio Martin-Benlloch, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; and Bernhard Meyer, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Zhongjun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Jorrit-Jan Verlaan, Anne Versteeg, and F. Cumhur Oner, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Mark Arts, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague; Maarten Hubert Coppes, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Wilco Peul, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; David Choi and Hugh Alan Crockard, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London; Christian Ulbricht, Charing Cross Hospital, London; Yee Leung, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton; Nasir A. Quraishi, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Todd Albert and James Harrop, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA; Jacob Maciej Buchowski, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Michael Wang, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Laurent Balabaud and Christian Mazel, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Cody Bunger, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Chung Kee Chung, Seoul National University; Eun Sang Kim and Chong-Suh Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bart Depreitere, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Michael George Fehlings and Eric Maurice Massicotte, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Norio Kawahara, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital; Katsuro Tomita, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa; Yasuaki Tokuhashi, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Zhongjun Liu, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Antonio Martin-Benlloch, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; and Bernhard Meyer, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martin-Benlloch
authors.affiliation: Jorrit-Jan Verlaan, Anne Versteeg, and F. Cumhur Oner, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Mark Arts, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague; Maarten Hubert Coppes, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Wilco Peul, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; David Choi and Hugh Alan Crockard, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London; Christian Ulbricht, Charing Cross Hospital, London; Yee Leung, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton; Nasir A. Quraishi, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Todd Albert and James Harrop, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA; Jacob Maciej Buchowski, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Michael Wang, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Laurent Balabaud and Christian Mazel, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Cody Bunger, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Chung Kee Chung, Seoul National University; Eun Sang Kim and Chong-Suh Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bart Depreitere, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Michael George Fehlings and Eric Maurice Massicotte, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Norio Kawahara, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital; Katsuro Tomita, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa; Yasuaki Tokuhashi, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Zhongjun Liu, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Antonio Martin-Benlloch, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; and Bernhard Meyer, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Eric Maurice
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Massicotte
authors.affiliation: Jorrit-Jan Verlaan, Anne Versteeg, and F. Cumhur Oner, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Mark Arts, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague; Maarten Hubert Coppes, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Wilco Peul, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; David Choi and Hugh Alan Crockard, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London; Christian Ulbricht, Charing Cross Hospital, London; Yee Leung, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton; Nasir A. Quraishi, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Todd Albert and James Harrop, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA; Jacob Maciej Buchowski, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Michael Wang, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Laurent Balabaud and Christian Mazel, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Cody Bunger, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Chung Kee Chung, Seoul National University; Eun Sang Kim and Chong-Suh Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bart Depreitere, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Michael George Fehlings and Eric Maurice Massicotte, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Norio Kawahara, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital; Katsuro Tomita, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa; Yasuaki Tokuhashi, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Zhongjun Liu, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Antonio Martin-Benlloch, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; and Bernhard Meyer, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mazel
authors.affiliation: Jorrit-Jan Verlaan, Anne Versteeg, and F. Cumhur Oner, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Mark Arts, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague; Maarten Hubert Coppes, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Wilco Peul, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; David Choi and Hugh Alan Crockard, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London; Christian Ulbricht, Charing Cross Hospital, London; Yee Leung, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton; Nasir A. Quraishi, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Todd Albert and James Harrop, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA; Jacob Maciej Buchowski, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Michael Wang, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Laurent Balabaud and Christian Mazel, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Cody Bunger, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Chung Kee Chung, Seoul National University; Eun Sang Kim and Chong-Suh Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bart Depreitere, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Michael George Fehlings and Eric Maurice Massicotte, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Norio Kawahara, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital; Katsuro Tomita, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa; Yasuaki Tokuhashi, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Zhongjun Liu, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Antonio Martin-Benlloch, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; and Bernhard Meyer, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: Jorrit-Jan Verlaan, Anne Versteeg, and F. Cumhur Oner, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Mark Arts, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague; Maarten Hubert Coppes, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Wilco Peul, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; David Choi and Hugh Alan Crockard, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London; Christian Ulbricht, Charing Cross Hospital, London; Yee Leung, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton; Nasir A. Quraishi, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Todd Albert and James Harrop, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA; Jacob Maciej Buchowski, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Michael Wang, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Laurent Balabaud and Christian Mazel, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Cody Bunger, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Chung Kee Chung, Seoul National University; Eun Sang Kim and Chong-Suh Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bart Depreitere, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Michael George Fehlings and Eric Maurice Massicotte, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Norio Kawahara, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital; Katsuro Tomita, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa; Yasuaki Tokuhashi, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Zhongjun Liu, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Antonio Martin-Benlloch, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; and Bernhard Meyer, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Wilco
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Peul
authors.affiliation: Jorrit-Jan Verlaan, Anne Versteeg, and F. Cumhur Oner, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Mark Arts, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague; Maarten Hubert Coppes, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Wilco Peul, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; David Choi and Hugh Alan Crockard, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London; Christian Ulbricht, Charing Cross Hospital, London; Yee Leung, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton; Nasir A. Quraishi, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Todd Albert and James Harrop, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA; Jacob Maciej Buchowski, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Michael Wang, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Laurent Balabaud and Christian Mazel, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Cody Bunger, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Chung Kee Chung, Seoul National University; Eun Sang Kim and Chong-Suh Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bart Depreitere, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Michael George Fehlings and Eric Maurice Massicotte, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Norio Kawahara, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital; Katsuro Tomita, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa; Yasuaki Tokuhashi, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Zhongjun Liu, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Antonio Martin-Benlloch, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; and Bernhard Meyer, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Nasir A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Quraishi
authors.affiliation: Jorrit-Jan Verlaan, Anne Versteeg, and F. Cumhur Oner, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Mark Arts, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague; Maarten Hubert Coppes, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Wilco Peul, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; David Choi and Hugh Alan Crockard, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London; Christian Ulbricht, Charing Cross Hospital, London; Yee Leung, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton; Nasir A. Quraishi, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Todd Albert and James Harrop, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA; Jacob Maciej Buchowski, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Michael Wang, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Laurent Balabaud and Christian Mazel, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Cody Bunger, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Chung Kee Chung, Seoul National University; Eun Sang Kim and Chong-Suh Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bart Depreitere, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Michael George Fehlings and Eric Maurice Massicotte, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Norio Kawahara, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital; Katsuro Tomita, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa; Yasuaki Tokuhashi, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Zhongjun Liu, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Antonio Martin-Benlloch, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; and Bernhard Meyer, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Yasuaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tokuhashi
authors.affiliation: Jorrit-Jan Verlaan, Anne Versteeg, and F. Cumhur Oner, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Mark Arts, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague; Maarten Hubert Coppes, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Wilco Peul, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; David Choi and Hugh Alan Crockard, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London; Christian Ulbricht, Charing Cross Hospital, London; Yee Leung, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton; Nasir A. Quraishi, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Todd Albert and James Harrop, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA; Jacob Maciej Buchowski, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Michael Wang, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Laurent Balabaud and Christian Mazel, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Cody Bunger, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Chung Kee Chung, Seoul National University; Eun Sang Kim and Chong-Suh Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bart Depreitere, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Michael George Fehlings and Eric Maurice Massicotte, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Norio Kawahara, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital; Katsuro Tomita, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa; Yasuaki Tokuhashi, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Zhongjun Liu, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Antonio Martin-Benlloch, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; and Bernhard Meyer, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Katsuro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.affiliation: Jorrit-Jan Verlaan, Anne Versteeg, and F. Cumhur Oner, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Mark Arts, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague; Maarten Hubert Coppes, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Wilco Peul, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; David Choi and Hugh Alan Crockard, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London; Christian Ulbricht, Charing Cross Hospital, London; Yee Leung, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton; Nasir A. Quraishi, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Todd Albert and James Harrop, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA; Jacob Maciej Buchowski, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Michael Wang, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Laurent Balabaud and Christian Mazel, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Cody Bunger, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Chung Kee Chung, Seoul National University; Eun Sang Kim and Chong-Suh Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bart Depreitere, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Michael George Fehlings and Eric Maurice Massicotte, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Norio Kawahara, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital; Katsuro Tomita, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa; Yasuaki Tokuhashi, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Zhongjun Liu, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Antonio Martin-Benlloch, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; and Bernhard Meyer, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ulbricht
authors.affiliation: Jorrit-Jan Verlaan, Anne Versteeg, and F. Cumhur Oner, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Mark Arts, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague; Maarten Hubert Coppes, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Wilco Peul, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; David Choi and Hugh Alan Crockard, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London; Christian Ulbricht, Charing Cross Hospital, London; Yee Leung, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton; Nasir A. Quraishi, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Todd Albert and James Harrop, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA; Jacob Maciej Buchowski, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Michael Wang, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Laurent Balabaud and Christian Mazel, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Cody Bunger, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Chung Kee Chung, Seoul National University; Eun Sang Kim and Chong-Suh Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bart Depreitere, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Michael George Fehlings and Eric Maurice Massicotte, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Norio Kawahara, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital; Katsuro Tomita, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa; Yasuaki Tokuhashi, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Zhongjun Liu, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Antonio Martin-Benlloch, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; and Bernhard Meyer, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Jorrit-Jan Verlaan, Anne Versteeg, and F. Cumhur Oner, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Mark Arts, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague; Maarten Hubert Coppes, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Wilco Peul, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; David Choi and Hugh Alan Crockard, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London; Christian Ulbricht, Charing Cross Hospital, London; Yee Leung, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton; Nasir A. Quraishi, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Todd Albert and James Harrop, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA; Jacob Maciej Buchowski, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Michael Wang, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Laurent Balabaud and Christian Mazel, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Cody Bunger, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Chung Kee Chung, Seoul National University; Eun Sang Kim and Chong-Suh Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Bart Depreitere, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Michael George Fehlings and Eric Maurice Massicotte, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Norio Kawahara, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital; Katsuro Tomita, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa; Yasuaki Tokuhashi, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Zhongjun Liu, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Antonio Martin-Benlloch, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; and Bernhard Meyer, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: F Cumhur
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Oner
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D047368:Tumor Burden