title: Crosstalk between Vitamin D Metabolism, VDR Signalling, and Innate Immunity.
abstract: The primary function of vitamin D is to regulate calcium homeostasis, which is essential for bone formation and resorption. Although diet is a source of vitamin D, most foods are naturally lacking vitamin D. Vitamin D is also manufactured in the skin through a photolysis process, leading to a process called the "sunshine vitamin." The active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol), is biosynthesised in the kidney through the hydroxylation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol by the CYP27B1 enzyme. It has been found that several immune cells express the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and CYP27B1; of the latter, synthesis is determined by several immune-specific signals. The realisation that vitamin D employs several molecular mechanisms to regulate innate immune responses is more recent. Furthermore, evidence collected from intervention studies indicates that vitamin D supplements may boost clinical responses to infections. This review considers the current knowledge of how immune signals regulate vitamin D metabolism and how innate immune system function is modulated by ligand-bound VDR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Diseases, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9351-9797
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D015090:25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D017705:Lignans; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D017705:Lignans; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D014807:Vitamin D; D015090:25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase