title: Feasibility of a Preventive Parenting Intervention for Very Preterm Children at 18 Months Corrected Age: A Randomized Pilot Trial.
abstract: To evaluate the feasibility and potential efficacy of an age-appropriate additional parenting intervention for very preterm born toddlers.
  
  
  
  In a randomized controlled pilot study, 60 of 94 eligible very preterm born children who had received a responsive parenting intervention in their first year were randomized to usual care or the additional intervention, consisting of 4-6 home visits between 18 and 22 months' corrected gestational age (CA). Parents were supported to responsively interact during increasingly complex daily activities and play. Parental satisfaction with the intervention was evaluated with a questionnaire. At baseline and 24 months CA, parents completed the Infant Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment, the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, and the Dutch Schlichting Lexilist for receptive language. At 24 months CA, motor, and cognitive development was measured by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition Dutch version, and parent-child interaction was evaluated by the Emotional Availability Scales.
  
  
  
  Parental compliance and satisfaction with the intervention was high. Effect sizes (after correction for baseline variables) were small for internalizing and competence behavior, receptive language, and problem solving; medium for cognitive development and parent-child interaction; and large for externalizing and dysregulation behavior and motor development.
  
  
  
  After a postdischarge intervention during the first year, an additional responsive parenting support at toddler-age is feasible and associated with positive outcomes in a broad array of parental and child outcome measures.
  
  
  
  www.toetsingonline.nl: NL40208.018.12.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: m.flierman@amc.nl.
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flierman
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koldewijn
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meijssen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Aleid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Wassenaer-Leemhuis
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cornelieke
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aarnoudse-Moens
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Schie
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jeukens-Visser
mesh_terms: D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002657:Child Development; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D062071:Infant, Extremely Premature; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting; D010865:Pilot Projects
keywords: parent-child interaction; preterm infants; responsive parenting program; sensitive period