title: Protein kinase M ζ and the maintenance of long-term memory.
abstract: Although various molecules have been found to mediate the processes of memory acquisition and consolidation, the molecular mechanism to maintain memory still remains elusive. In recent years, a molecular pathway focusing on protein kinase Mζ (PKMζ) has become of interest to researchers because of its potential role in long-term memory maintenance. PKMζ is an isoform of protein kinase C (PKC) and has a related structure that influences its function in maintaining memory. Considerable evidence has been gathered on PKMζ activity, including loss of function studies using PKMζ inhibitors, such as PKMζ inhibitory peptide (ZIP), suggesting PKMζ plays an important role in long-term memory maintenance. This review provides an overview of the role of PKMζ in long-term memory and outlines the molecular structure of PKMζ, the molecular mechanism of PKMζ in long-term memory maintenance and future directions of PKMζ research.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; Shandong Association for Science & Technology, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Honghe Health Vocational College, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
authors.forename: Yuanye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China. Electronic address: wjh16@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Jianhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D017774:Long-Term Potentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D057567:Memory, Long-Term / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000099221:Protein Kinase C zeta
chemical_list: D011493:Protein Kinase C; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D000099221:Protein Kinase C zeta
keywords: Maintenance of long-term memory; Protein kinase Mζ (PKMζ); Zeta inhibitory peptide (ZIP)