title: Scripted Nurse Visits: A Resource-Efficient Palliative Care Model for Ventricular Assist Devices.
abstract: The Center for Medicare Services (CMS) requires palliative care involvement for patients who receive a destination therapy ventricular assist device (VAD). Creative solutions are needed to meet this requirement in the context of limited palliative care resources.
  
  
  
  To evaluate a novel program in which a nurse conducts scripted pre-VAD visits to promote advance care planning and to triage the need for a full palliative care consult.
  
  
  
  Prospective pilot study of patients undergoing evaluation for VAD.
  
  
  
  A script for pre-VAD visits was developed and pilot tested with patients. A registered nurse with basic palliative care training met with patients undergoing evaluation for VAD implantation. Data were collected regarding feasibility and acceptability of the intervention, need for full palliative care consults, and patient outcomes.
  
  
  
  Between September 2014 and November 2015, the nurse conducted 37 visits. Thirty of the patients subsequently received a VAD. All participants completed the entire nurse visit. Six of the 37 patients required a full palliative care consult during the index hospitalization; these consults were for symptom management, psychosocial distress, or goals of care. Patients were more likely to discuss overarching values than preferences for specific medical interventions.
  
  
  
  Nurses with basic palliative care skills can conduct scripted preparedness planning conversations. These conversations are well received by patients, satisfy CMS requirements, and provide an alternative to full consults for resource-limited programs. Additional research is needed to compare outcomes between nurse visits and traditional consults.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Nina R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Moyer
authors.affiliation: 2 Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: James N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Kirkpatrick
mesh_terms: D032722:Advance Care Planning; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices; D006801:Humans; D010166:Palliative Care; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies