title: PREPARE: Pre-surgery physiotherapy for patients with degenerative lumbar spine disorder: a randomized controlled trial protocol.
abstract: Current guidelines for the management of patients with specific low back pain pathology suggest non-surgical intervention as first-line treatment, but there is insufficient evidence to make recommendations of the content in the non-surgical intervention. Opinions regarding the dose of non-surgical intervention that should be trialled prior to decision making about surgery intervention vary. The aim of the present study is to investigate if physiotherapy administrated before surgery improves function, pain and health in patients with degenerative lumbar spine disorder scheduled for surgery. The patients are followed over two years. A secondary aim is to study what factors predict short and long term outcomes.
  
  
  
  This study is a single blinded, 2-arm, randomized controlled trial with follow-up after the completion of pre-surgery intervention as well as 3, 12 and 24 months post-surgery. The study will recruit men and women, 25 to 80 years of age, scheduled for surgery due to; disc herniation, spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis or degenerative disc disease. A total of 202 patients will be randomly allocated to a pre-surgery physiotherapy intervention or a waiting list group for 9 weeks. The waiting-list group will receive standardized information about surgery, post-surgical rehabilitation and advice to stay active. The pre-surgery physiotherapy group will receive physiotherapy 2 times per week, consisting of a stratified classification treatment, based on assessment findings. One of the following treatments will be selected; a) Specific exercises and mobilization, b) Motor control exercises or c) Traction. The pre-surgery physiotherapy group will also be prescribed a tailor-made general supervised exercise program. The physiotherapist will use a behavioral approach aimed at reducing patient fear avoidance and increasing activity levels. They will also receive standardized information about surgery, post-surgical rehabilitation and advice to stay active. Primary outcome measure is Oswestry Disability Index. Secondary outcome measures are the visual analogue scale for back and leg pain, pain drawing, health related quality of life, Hospital anxiety and depression scale, Fear avoidance beliefs questionnaire, Self-efficacy scale and Work Ability Index.
  
  
  
  The study findings will help improve the treatment of patients with degenerative lumbar spine disorder scheduled for surgery.
  
  
  
  ClinicalTrials.gov reference: NCT02454400 (Trial registration date: August 31st 2015) and has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02454400 .
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lindbäck
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tropp
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Enthoven
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden.|Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4229, Australia.
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abbott
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden. birgitta.oberg@liu.se.
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Öberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D055959:Intervertebral Disc Degeneration / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D059825:Physical Therapists; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011788:Quality of Life; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D013123:Spinal Fusion; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Function; Low back pain; Physiotherapy; Stratification; Surgery