title: Naturally Derived Iron Oxide Nanowires from Bacteria for Magnetically Triggered Drug Release and Cancer Hyperthermia in 2D and 3D Culture Environments: Bacteria Biofilm to Potent Cancer Therapeutic.
abstract: Iron oxide nanowires produced by bacteria (Mariprofundus ferrooxydans) are demonstrated as new multifunctional drug carriers for triggered therapeutics release and cancer hyperthmia applications. Iron oxide nanowires are obtained from biofilm waste in the bore system used to pump saline groundwater into the River Murray, South Australia (Australia) and processed into individual nanowires with extensive magnetic properties. The drug carrier capabilities of these iron oxide nanowires (Bac-FeOxNWs) are assessed by loading anticancer drug (doxorubicin, Dox) followed by measuring its elution under sustained and triggered release conditions using alternating magnetic field (AMF). The cytotoxicity of Bac-FeOxNWs assessed in 2D (96 well plate) and 3D (Matrigel) cell cultures using MDA-MB231-TXSA human breast cancer cells and mouse RAW 264.7 macrophage cells shows that these Bac-FeOxNWs are biocompatible even at concentrations as high as 250 μg/mL after 24 h of incubation. Finally, we demonstrate the capabilities of Bac-FeOxNWs as potential hyperthermia agent in 3D culture setup. Application of AMF increased the local temperature by 14 °C resulting in approximately 34% decrease in cell viability. Our results demonstrate that these naturally produced nanowires in the form of biofilm can efficiently act as drug carriers with triggered payload release and magnetothermal heating features for potential anticancer therapeutics applications.
authors.forename: Tushar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumeria
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University , Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
authors.forename: Shaheer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maher
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Gagandeep
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.forename: Luoshan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Mason
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erkelens
authors.affiliation: South Australian (SA) Water, Adelaide, SA-5005, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Forward
authors.forename: Martin F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Evdokiou
authors.forename: Dusan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Losic
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004337:Drug Carriers; D065546:Drug Liberation; D005260:Female; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D005334:Fever; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D008280:Magnetics; D051379:Mice; D053770:Nanowires
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005290:Ferric Compounds; C000499:ferric oxide; D004317:Doxorubicin