title: Sweetened beverage consumption is a risk factor for depressive symptoms among adolescents living in Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
abstract: To investigate the relationship between sweetened beverage consumption and depressive symptoms among adolescents.
  
  
  
  In a cross-sectional study, adolescents were asked how often they drank soda and fruit drinks in the past 7 d. Depressive symptoms were measured using a brief adapted version of the Modified Depression Scale. Summation scores were standardized using the Z-transformation. We used multilevel multiple linear regression models to estimate the association between soda and fruit drink consumption and depressive symptoms.
  
  
  
  The 2008 Boston Youth Survey.
  
  
  
  Adolescents (n 1878), high-school students in grades 9-12 of Boston public schools, Massachusetts, USA.
  
  
  
  Compared with those who never drank soda in the past 7 d, those who consumed soda 2-6 times/week (β=0·18; 95 % CI 0·04, 0·32) or ≥1 times/d (β=0·29; 95 % CI 0·13, 0·45) had higher depressive symptoms. Similarly, those who consumed fruit drinks 2-6 times/week (β=0·14; 95 % CI 0·00, 0·28) and those who consumed ≥1 times/d (β=0·22; 95 % CI 0·04, 0·40) had higher depressive symptoms.
  
  
  
  Frequent consumption of both soda and fruit drinks is associated with greater depressive symptoms among adolescents.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Community Health Sciences,School of Community Health Sciences,University of Nevada,Reno,Lombardi Recreation Center 203,MS 0274,1664 North Virginia Street,Reno,NV 89557,USA.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pabayo
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Community Health Sciences,School of Community Health Sciences,University of Nevada,Reno,Lombardi Recreation Center 203,MS 0274,1664 North Virginia Street,Reno,NV 89557,USA.
authors.forename: Joice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.affiliation: 4Department of Health Policy and Management,Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health,Boston,MA,USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hemenway
authors.affiliation: 5Bouvé College of Health Sciences,Northeastern University,Boston,MA,USA.
authors.forename: Beth E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Molnar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001900:Boston; D002253:Carbonated Beverages; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts; D064427:Nutritive Sweeteners / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D064427:Nutritive Sweeteners
keywords: Adolescents; Depressive symptoms; Soda and fruit drink consumption