title: EEG power and glucose fluctuations are coupled during sleep in young adults with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: To determine the coupling between brain activity and glucose variations during sleep in young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
  
  
  
  27 participants, age 18-30, wore a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) and underwent in-laboratory overnight polysomnography (PSG). Quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) metrics were determined from the PSG and included Delta, Theta, Alpha, Sigma, Beta and Gamma Band power at 5-min intervals. Wavelet Coherence Analysis was employed to determine the time varying and frequency specific coupling between glucose and EEG Band power. ANOVA was used to compare differences across fluctuation speeds and EEG bands.
  
  
  
  There was a high degree of time varying and frequency specific coupling between glucose variations and EEG power in all EEG Bands during sleep. The average number of intervals of statistically significant coherence was highest for fluctuations periods between 10 and 30min in all Bands (p<0.0001 for each). Mean significant coherence was negatively correlated with hemoglobin A1c, a marker of glycemic control.
  
  
  
  The relationship between glucose and EEG power during sleep is time varying and frequency dependent in young adults with T1DM.
  
  
  
  Understanding the time varying mutual relationship between glucose changes and brain activity during sleep may have implications for disease management in T1DM.
authors.affiliation: Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep and Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 South Damen, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 South Damen, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. Electronic address: schwarzsar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sarah S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Farabi
authors.affiliation: Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep and Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 South Damen, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 South Damen, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: dwcarley@uic.edu.
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Carley
authors.affiliation: Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 South Damen, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. Electronic address: lquinn1@uic.edu.
authors.forename: Lauretta
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Quinn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017286:Polysomnography; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Coherence; Glucose fluctuations; Sleep; qEEG