title: Development of a novel handheld intra-operative laparoscopic Compton camera for (18)F-Fluoro-2-deoxy-2-D-glucose-guided surgery.
abstract: As well as pre-operative roadmapping by (18)F-Fluoro-2-deoxy-2-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography, intra-operative localization of the tracer is important to identify local margins for less-invasive surgery, especially FDG-guided surgery. The objective of this paper is to develop a laparoscopic Compton camera and system aimed at use for intra-operative FDG imaging for accurate and less-invasive dissections. The laparoscopic Compton camera consists of four layers of a 12-pixel cross-shaped array of GFAG crystals ([Formula: see text] mm(3)) and through silicon via multi-pixel photon counters and dedicated individual readout electronics based on a dynamic time-over-threshold method. Experimental results yielded a spatial resolution of 4 mm (FWHM) for a 10 mm working distance and an absolute detection efficiency of 0.11 cps kBq(-1), corresponding to an intrinsic detection efficiency of  ∼0.18%. In an experiment using a NEMA-like well-shaped FDG phantom, a [Formula: see text] mm cylindrical hot spot was clearly obtained even in the presence of a background distribution surrounding the Compton camera and the hot spot. We successfully obtained reconstructed images of a resected lymph node and primary tumor ex vivo after FDG administration to a patient having esophageal cancer. These performance characteristics indicate a new possibility of FDG-directed surgery by using a Compton camera intra-operatively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimazoe
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Momose
mesh_terms: D019723:Endoscopes; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D017785:Photons; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18