title: Reactive Oxygen Species Dictate the Apoptotic Response of Melanoma Cells to TH588.
abstract: The effect of MTH1 inhibition on cancer cell survival has been elusive. Here we report that although silencing of MTH1 does not affect survival of melanoma cells, TH588, one of the first-in-class MTH1 inhibitors, kills melanoma cells through apoptosis independently of its inhibitory effect on MTH1. Induction of apoptosis by TH588 was not alleviated by MTH1 overexpression or introduction of the bacterial homolog of MTH1 that has 8-oxodGTPase activity but cannot be inhibited by TH588, indicating that MTH1 inhibition is not the cause of TH588-induced killing of melanoma cells. Although knockdown of MTH1 did not impinge on the viability of melanoma cells, it rendered melanoma cells sensitive to apoptosis induced by the oxidative stress inducer elesclomol. Of note, treatment with elesclomol also enhanced TH588-induced apoptosis, whereas a reactive oxygen species scavenger or an antioxidant attenuated the apoptosis triggered by TH588. Indeed, the sensitivity of melanoma cells to TH588 was correlated with endogenous levels of reactive oxygen species. Collectively, these results indicate that the cytotoxicity of TH588 toward melanoma cells is not associated with its inhibitory effect on MTH1, although it is mediated by cellular production of ROS.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Jia Yu
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Xu Guang
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Simonne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sherwin
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farrelly
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Yuan Yuan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Fen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Chun Yan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Su Tang
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Hamed
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yari
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: La
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McFarlane
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Fu Xi
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Hessam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tabatabaee
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Jie Zhong
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Croft
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Chen Chen
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. Electronic address: Xu.Zhang@newcastle.edu.au.
authors.forename: Xu Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011743:Pyrimidines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C588303:TH588 compound