title: Relationship between maceration and wound healing on diabetic foot ulcers in Indonesia: a prospective study.
abstract: The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between maceration and wound healing. A prospective longitudinal design was used in this study. The wound condition determined the type of dressings used and the dressing change frequency. A total of 62 participants with diabetic foot ulcers (70 wounds) were divided into two groups: non-macerated (n = 52) and macerated wounds (n = 18). Each group was evaluated weekly using the Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool, with follow-ups until week 4. The Mann-Whitney U test showed that the changes in the wound area in week 1 were faster in the non-macerated group than the macerated group (P = 0·02). The Pearson correlation analysis showed a moderate correlation between maceration and wound healing from enrolment until week 4 (P = 0·002). After week 4, the Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the non-macerated wounds healed significantly faster than the macerated wounds (log-rank test = 19·378, P = 0·000). The Cox regression analysis confirmed that maceration was a significant and independent predictor of wound healing in this study (adjusted hazard ratio, 0·324; 95% CI, 0·131-0·799; P = 0·014). The results of this study demonstrated that there is a relationship between maceration and wound healing. Changes in the wound area can help predict the healing of wounds with maceration in clinical settings.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Nursing Department, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.|Department of Adult Nursing, The Institute of Nursing Muhammadiyah, Pontianak, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Haryanto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haryanto
authors.affiliation: Clinical Nursing Department, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Defa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arisandi
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Nursing, The Institute of Nursing Muhammadiyah, Pontianak, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Suriadi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suriadi
authors.affiliation: Clinical Nursing Department, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.|Department of Adult Nursing, The Institute of Nursing Muhammadiyah, Pontianak, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Imran
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Imran
authors.affiliation: Wellness Promotion Science Center, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogai
authors.affiliation: Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sanada
authors.affiliation: Clinical Nursing Department, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okuwa
authors.affiliation: Clinical Nursing Department, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.|Wellness Promotion Science Center, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sugama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012874:Skin Diseases, Infectious / Q000628:therapy*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Diabetic foot ulcers; Wound healing; Wound maceration