title: Microbial Cells with a Fe3O4Doped Hydrogel Extracellular Matrix: Manipulation of Living Cells by Magnetic Stimulus.
abstract: This study aims to develop an effective method to control motile microorganisms and enable their manipulation as functional 'live micro/nano robots'. A novel strategy based on Fe3O4nanoparticle-doped alginate hydrogel is developed to fashion an artificial extracellular matrix (ECM) for microbial cells (e.g., Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Flavobacterium heparinum). During this strategy, a single layer of alginate hydrogel is coated around the microbial cells doped with Fe3O4nanoparticles to form the alg-mag-cells. Transmission electron microscopy shows that Fe3O4nanoparticles are uniformly distributed in the hydrogel shell. Together with maintaining the cell activity and metabolism, the hydrogel coated microbial cells demonstrate high magnetic responsiveness in an external magnetic field and are able to form micro-scaled patterns using the magnetic template designed in this study. This strategy provides a building block to fabricate advanced biological models, medical therapeutic products, and non-medical biological systems using different microorganisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xudian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhijun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Daming
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Muhammad Wajid
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Ullah
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China. yang_sunny@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D018914:Cells, Immobilized / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry*; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D005417:Flavobacterium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000737:chemistry*; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; C000499:ferric oxide; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D020723:Glucuronic Acid
keywords: alginate hydrogel; hydrogel extracellular matrix; magnetic modified; magnetic nanoparticles; magnetic stimulus