title: The combined action of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and grape proanthocyanidins on a rat model of diet-induced metabolic alterations.
abstract: It has been suggested that food components such as ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) and (poly)phenols counteract diet-induced metabolic alterations by common or complementary mechanisms. To examine the effects of a combination of ω-3 PUFAs and (poly)phenols on such alterations, adult Wistar-Kyoto rats were fed an obesogenic high-fat high-sucrose diet supplemented, or not, for 24 weeks with: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 1 : 1 (16.6 g kg(-1) feed); proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract (GSE, 0.8 g kg(-1) feed); or EPA/DHA 1 : 1 + GSE. Body weight, feed intake, and plasma glucose were evaluated every 6 weeks, while adipose tissue weight, insulin, glucagon, ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin, cholesterol, and triglycerides were evaluated at the end of the experiment. ω-3 PUFAs reduced plasma leptin and cholesterol levels, but did not modify diet-induced perigonadal fat or plasma insulin levels; while GSE increased plasma triglyceride levels. The combined action of ω-3 PUFAs and the proanthocyanidins reduced plasma insulin and leptin, as well as partially prevented perigonadal fat accumulation. While separate supplementation with ω-3 PUFAs or grape proanthocyanidins may not counteract all the key metabolic changes induced by a high-energy-dense diet, the combination of both supplements reverts altered insulin, leptin and triglyceride levels to normal.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain. sara.ramos@iqac.csic.es.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramos-Romero
authors.forename: Eunice
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Molinar-Toribio
authors.forename: Jara
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pérez-Jiménez
authors.forename: Núria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Taltavull
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dasilva
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Romeu
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: Josep Lluís
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Torres
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D050154:Adiposity / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D054439:Ghrelin; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D014280:Triglycerides; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D005934:Glucagon; D002784:Cholesterol; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid