title: Establishment and Characterization of a Newly Established Diabetic Gerbil Line.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to selectively breed a spontaneous diabetic gerbil when a sub-line of inbred gerbil showed increased blood glucose levels was found recently. Then we investigated the characteristics including the serum insulin, triglyceride, cholesterol, leptin, adiponectin and explored the underlying molecular mechanism for the diabetic phenotype.
  
  
  METHODS
  The spontaneous diabetic line of gerbils was selectively inbreed the sub-line of gerbil by monitoring blood glucose of each animal. The serum insulin, adiponectin, and leptin levels were tested using an ELISA kit. The expression levels of GLUT4, Akt, leptin, adiponectin, and calpain 10 (CAPN10) were tested by western blot and Quantitative Real-time PCR (qPCR) in liver, skeletal muscle, and white adipose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results show that the percentages of animals with FPG≥5.2 (mmol/l), PG2h≥6.8 (mmol/l) and both FPG≥5.2 and PG2h≥6.8 (mmol/l) were increased with the number of breeding generations from F0 (21.33%) to F6 (38.46%). These diabetic gerbils exhibited insulin resistance and leptin resistance as well as decreased adiponectin level in the serum. We also observed decreased expression of adiponectin and increased expression of leptin in the skeletal muscle, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that we have primarily established a spontaneous diabetic gerbil line, and the diabetic phenotypes may have been accounted for by altered expression of leptin and adiponectin.
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China.
authors.forename: Xueyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China.
authors.forename: Zhenkun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China.
authors.forename: Shuangyue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China.
authors.forename: Changlong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China.
authors.forename: Zhenwen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D052436:Adipose Tissue, White / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001947:Breeding; D002154:Calpain / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D018703:Founder Effect; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005849:Gerbillinae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020738:Leptin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010641:Phenotype; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D002154:Calpain; C415197:calpain 10