title: Effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy on TLRs in acne lesions and keratinocytes co-cultured with P. acnes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) on the expression of Toll like receptors (TLRs) in human keratinocytes and its role in acne treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  TLR2 and TLR4 expression in acne lesions before and after ALA-PDT were examined by immunohistochemical assay. Primary keratinocytes were obtained from acne lesions, co-cultured with P. acnes and then treated with ALA-PDT using red or blue LED. Cytokines production were examined by ELISA, TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression by real-time PCR, and TLR2 and TLR4 protein expression by Western-blot assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overexpression of TLR2 and TLR4 in acne lesion were detected, which became negative or weaker after ALA-PDT. The infection of P. acnes in keratinocytes could significantly increase the levels of early inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-1α, TNF-α and IL-8) (P<0.05). Such responses could be inhibited by ALA-PDT. P. acnes infection could also significantly increase TLR2 and TLR4 expressions in keratinocytes (P<0.05), which could be down-regulated by ALA-PDT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ALA-PDT could inhibit innate immune responses in keratinocytes treated with P. acnes via TLRs pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China.
authors.forename: Qinyi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China.
authors.forename: Qianqian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado Denver Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA; MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China. Electronic address: flora_xiang@vip.163.com.
authors.forename: Leihong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiang
mesh_terms: D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D008297:Male; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; C495342:TLR2 protein, human; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid
keywords: 5-Aminolevulinic acid; Cytokines; Keratinocytes; Photodynamic therapy; Propionibacterium acnes; Toll like receptors