title: Circulating exosomes potentiate tumor malignant properties in a mouse model of chronic sleep fragmentation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic sleep fragmentation (SF) increases cancer aggressiveness in mice. Exosomes exhibit pleiotropic biological functions, including immune regulatory functions, antigen presentation, intracellular communication and inter-cellular transfer of RNA and proteins. We hypothesized that SF-induced alterations in biosynthesis and cargo of plasma exosomes may affect tumor cell properties.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SF-derived exosomes increased tumor cell proliferation (~13%), migration (~2.3-fold) and extravasation (~10%) when compared to exosomes from SC-exposed mice. Similarly, Pre exosomes from OSA patients significantly enhanced proliferation and migration of human adenocarcinoma cells compared to Post. SF-exosomal cargo revealed 3 discrete differentially expressed miRNAs, and exploration of potential mRNA targets in TC1 tumor cells uncovered 132 differentially expressed genes that encode for multiple cancer-related pathways.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma-derived exosomes from C57/B6 mice exposed to 6 wks of SF or sleep control (SC), and from adult human patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) before (Pre) and after adherent treatment for 6 wks (Post) were co-cultured with mouse lung TC1 or human adenocarcinoma tumor cell lines, respectively. Proliferation, migration, invasion, endothelial barrier integrity and extravasation assays of tumor cells were performed. Plasma mouse exosomal miRNAs were profiled with arrays, and transcriptomic assessments of TC1 cells exposed to SF or SC exosomes were conducted to identify gene targets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic SF induces alterations in exosomal miRNA cargo that alter the biological properties of TC1 lung tumor cells to enhance their proliferative, migratory and extravasation properties, and similar findings occur in OSA patients, in whom SF is a constitutive component of their sleep disorder. Thus, exosomes could participate, at least in part, in the adverse cancer outcomes observed in OSA.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Abdelnaby
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khalyfa
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.|Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona-Institut Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Almendros
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gileles-Hillel
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Mahzad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akbarpour
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Trzepizur
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Sleep Disorders Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mokhlesi
authors.affiliation: Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona-Institut Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Farré
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gozal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D055354:Exosomes / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000235:genetics*; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: cancer biology; microenvironment; obstructive sleep apnea; sleep fragmentation; tumors