title: Aerobic fitness is associated with greater hippocampal cerebral blood flow in children.
abstract: The present study is the first to investigate whether cerebral blood flow in the hippocampus relates to aerobic fitness in children. In particular, we used arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion MRI to provide a quantitative measure of blood flow in the hippocampus in 73 7- to 9-year-old preadolescent children. Indeed, aerobic fitness was found to relate to greater perfusion in the hippocampus, independent of age, sex, and hippocampal volume. Such results suggest improved microcirculation and cerebral vasculature in preadolescent children with higher levels of aerobic fitness. Further, aerobic fitness may influence how the brain regulates its metabolic demands via blood flow in a region of the brain important for learning and memory. To add specificity to the relationship of fitness to the hippocampus, we demonstrate no significant association between aerobic fitness and cerebral blood flow in the brainstem. Our results reinforce the importance of aerobic fitness during a critical period of child development.
authors.affiliation: Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. Electronic address: lchaddo2@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chaddock-Heyman
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Kirk I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Chappell
authors.affiliation: Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Curtis L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Caitlin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kienzler
authors.affiliation: Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Anya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Knecht
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Eric S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Drollette
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Raine
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Scudder
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Shih-Chun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.affiliation: Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Charles H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hillman
authors.affiliation: Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Arthur F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Arterial spin labeling; Childhood; Development; Hippocampus; Perfusion; Physical activity