title: Impact of smoking on lung cancer treatment effectiveness: a review.
abstract: Tobacco smoke contains more than 4000 detectable substances, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nicotine, carbon monoxide and heavy metals, which are considered powerful enzymatic inducers that have notable influence on the efficacy and tolerability of many medications through complex pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions. As a result, adjustments of drug dosages are required in smokers, both if they continue to smoke or if they quit after smoking cessation treatment. The purpose of this review is to examine the main drug interactions with tobacco smoke clinically relevant, with a closer look on patients developing oncologic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Surgery Unit, San Giovanni Hospital, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Adalgisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Condoluci
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Calogero
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mazzara
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zoccoli
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular & Pulmonary Department, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pezzuto
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tonini
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D065637:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000209:etiology; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; C585710:CYP2A6 protein, human; D065637:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6
keywords: cigarette smoke compounds; lung cancer pathways; nicotine metabolism