title: Energy intake, energy required and mortality in an older population.
abstract: The present study evaluated the association between energy intake, energy required and mortality in older adults.
  
  
  
  A cohort study with a mean of 10·67 (sd 4·74) years of follow-up. Participants completed a 24 h dietary recall. Energy required per day was computed by BMR. Deaths through 2006 were identified from the National Death Index. A Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) of quantiles of energy intake and energy required on all-cause and CVD mortality, adjusting for demographics, socio-economic status and co-morbidity.
  
  
  
  The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III, 1988-1994.
  
  
  
  A total of 4846 participants aged 60 years or above were analysed.
  
  
  
  Within the follow-up period, there were a total of 2954 deaths (61·0 %), 51·9 % were caused by CVD. Relative to those in quartile 1 of energy intake, only quartile 4 was associated with all-cause mortality and CVD mortality with HR of 0·86 (95 % CI 0·77, 0·96, P=0·006) and 0·76 (95 % CI 0·65, 0·89, P=0·001), respectively. On the other hand, relative to those in quartile 1 of energy required, all quartiles of participants had a lower risk of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality. The interaction effects between energy intake and energy required with all-cause and CVD mortality were insignificant (P=0·70 and 0·61, respectively).
  
  
  
  Independent of energy required, higher energy intake was associated with lower HR of both all-cause and CVD mortality in older adults.
authors.affiliation: PQ433,School of Nursing,Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Hung Hom,Kowloon,Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Paul H
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5729-6450
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: PQ433,School of Nursing,Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Hung Hom,Kowloon,Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Choi-Wan
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D015331:Cohort Studies; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models
keywords: Energy intake; Gerontology; Harris–Benedict equation; Longitudinal study; Population-based