title: The effect of the medicine administration route on health-related quality of life: Results from a time trade-off survey in patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia in 2 Nordic countries.
abstract: Agitation episodes are common among patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Oral and intramuscular administration methods are commonly used in pharmacological treatment of acute agitation. Recently, an innovative inhalation product with loxapine(Adasuve®)has become available for treatment of acute agitation episodes associated with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. The objective for the present study was to investigate the impact of the pharmacological treatment's administration methods on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia in Denmark and Sweden using a time trade-off (TTO) approach.
  
  
  
  The TTO methodology was used to examine the HRQoL impact of administration method of pharmacological treatment of acute agitation. Data were collected via an internet-based survey, using an existing panel of respondents with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
  
  
  
  Respondents considered living with schizophrenia/ bipolar disorder, having one yearly agitation episode treated with inhaler better than living with the same conditions and receiving treatment with tablet or injection. The utility value was 0.762 for inhalable treatment, 0.707 for injection and 0.734 for tablet treatment.
  
  
  
  Patients' preference for treatment delivery options showed that inhalation was associated with a significant utility gain when compared to injection or tablets. Inhalable loxapine may be a new tool for control of agitation episodes for strengthening the patient provider alliance when taking patient's preference for delivery method into consideration.
authors.affiliation: Medivir AB, Blasieholmsgatan 2, 111 48, Stockholm, Sweden. Tine.Rikke.Jorgensen@medivir.com.
authors.forename: Tine Rikke
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5547-2457
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.affiliation: OPUS Klinikken, Risskov, Denmark.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Emborg
authors.affiliation: Medivir AB, Blasieholmsgatan 2, 111 48, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Karianne
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dahlen
authors.affiliation: Incentive, Holte, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bøgelund
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carlborg
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008152:Loxapine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D057240:Patient Preference; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D008152:Loxapine