title: NOS Expression and NO Function in Glioma and Implications for Patient Therapies.
abstract: Gliomas are central nervous system tumors that primarily occur in the brain and arise from glial cells. Gliomas include the most common malignant brain tumor in adults known as grade IV astrocytoma, or glioblastoma (GBM). GBM is a deadly disease for which the most significant advances in treatment offer an improvement in survival of only ∼2 months.
  
  
  
  To develop novel treatments and improve patient outcomes, we and others have sought to determine the role of molecular signals in gliomas. Recent Advances: One signaling molecule that mediates important biologies in glioma is the free radical nitric oxide (NO). In glioma cells and the tumor microenvironment, NO is produced by three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), NOS1, NOS2, and NOS3. NO and NOS affect glioma growth, invasion, angiogenesis, immunosuppression, differentiation state, and therapeutic resistance.
  
  
  
  These multifaceted effects of NO and NOS on gliomas both in vitro and in vivo suggest the potential of modulating the pathway for antiglioma patient therapies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 986-999.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.
authors.forename: Anh N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.
authors.forename: Nathaniel H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.
authors.forename: Kiera
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.
authors.forename: Anita B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Hjelmeland
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D002465:Cell Movement; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase
keywords: cancer stem cell; glioma; nitric oxide synthase/NOS; nitric oxide/NO; therapy