title: Detection of New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase-1 (NDM-1) in carbapenem- resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from a university hospital in Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1(NDM-1) is a novel type of metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) which inactivates all β-lactam antibiotics except aztreonam. Enterobacteriaceae expressing NDM-1 have been identified worldwide. The aim of this study was to detect MBLs in carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates obtained from patients hospitalized in one of the university hospitals in Isfahan, Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of the 112 isolates obtained from various clinical samples, 49 were selected for carbapenemase detection based on their reduced susceptibility to imipenem or meropenem according to the disc diffusion method. These isolates were screened for carbapenemase and MBL production using the Modiﬁed Hodge Test (MHT) and Epsilometer test (E-test) MBL strips. Polymerase chain reaction was performed on all 49 isolates using specific primers to detect genes encoding IMP (active on imipenem), VIM (Verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase), SPM-1 (Sao Paulo metallo-β-lactamase) and NDM-1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 49 carbapenem-resistant isolates, 32 (65.3 %) were positive for MHT and 6 (12.2 %) were found positive for blaNDM-1. Other MBL genes were not detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the second report on the detection of blaNDM-1 in Iran since it was first reported by Shahcheraghi and colleagues in 2012. This study indicated that resistance to carbapenems and isolation of bacteria producing NDM-1 is increasing. Therefore, the rapid detection of isolates expressing NDM-1 is essential to control their spread. Hippokratia 2015; 19 (3): 205-209.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fazeli
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, Faculty of Science, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Norouzi-Barough
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ahadi
authors.affiliation: Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shokri
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology and Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Solgi
keywords: Epsilometer test ; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Modiﬁed Hodge test; New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1; carbapenem