title: Congenital lymphovascular malformations with urological symptoms: a report of two cases and review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To collect and review the diagnostic and therapeutic solutions for primary and congenital lymphovascular malformations leading to urological symptoms in childhood and also to find the most efficient therapeutic algorithms managing such conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  In our work, we assemble all the diagnostic and therapeutic tools for lymphovascular malformations with urological-urogenital symptoms and demonstrate the interventional therapeutic algorithms through two of our cases where surgery (laparoscopic intervention and clipping of the lymph vessel) had to be performed to stop lymphoid leakage and restore anatomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In cases, where lymphovascular malformations and urological-urogenital symptoms are both present, therapeutical success is graded by Browse's scoring system. According to that, our choices of management achieved the best possible outcome in both cases below.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although conservative ways of therapy are known and widely used, in more advanced cases surgical help is often needed to reach long-term improvement. In situations where significant mass of chyle has accumulated causing severe complaints, conservative therapy should not to be started. Surgical solutions provide fast and lasting improvement for patients suffering from congenital lymphovascular malformations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Urooncology, Semmelweis University, Ulloi Str 78/b, Budapest, 1082, Hungary. miklos_romics@gmx.com.
authors.forename: Miklos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Romics
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Heim Pál Children's Hospital, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Geza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tasnadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urological Surgery, Heim Pál Children's Hospital, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Balint
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sulya
authors.affiliation: Department of Urological Surgery, Heim Pál Children's Hospital, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Andras
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.affiliation: Department of Urological Surgery, Heim Pál Children's Hospital, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Miklos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Merksz
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Urooncology, Semmelweis University, Ulloi Str 78/b, Budapest, 1082, Hungary.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nyirady
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D044148:Lymphatic Abnormalities / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D012611:Scrotum; D019522:Vaginal Discharge / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Lymphoedema; Lymphovascular; Malformations; Management