title: ''Quit & Win'' Contests Among College Students: Predictors of Long-Term Smoking Abstinence.
abstract: To determine smoking abstinence rates and predictors of abstinence among college students enrolled in a campus-based Quit & Win contest.
  
  
  
  Pre-post measure with no comparison group.
  
  
  
  Contests conducted on seven college campuses in 2007.
  
  
  
  Subjects (N = 484) were 23.7 ± 6.8 years of age, 61% female, 16.3% nonwhite, and smoked 12.5 ± 7.8 cigarettes per day on 28.0 ± 4.8 days in the past month.
  
  
  
  Participants abstinent for the 30-day contest were eligible for a lottery-based prize. Assessments were completed at baseline, end of contest, and 6 months after enrollment.
  
  
  
  The 6-month survey assessed retrospective abstinence during the contest period and the prior 6 months and 7- and 30-day point prevalence abstinence at the time of the survey.
  
  
  
  Chi-square test was used to compare baseline characteristics among participants from 2-versus 4-year schools. Smoking abstinence was assessed by participant self-report. Both a simple imputation method (i.e., missing = smoking) and completers-only analyses were conducted. Stepwise logistic regression was used to determine baseline predictors of abstinence.
  
  
  
  Thirty-day abstinence rate was 52.5% during the contest month and 20.5% at the 6-month follow-up. Baseline intention to stay quit (odds ratio [OR] = 1.56, p = .01), cigarettes smoked per day (OR = .67, p = .04), and 2-year (vs. 4-year) college (OR = 1.65, p = .05) predicted abstinence at 6 months.
  
  
  
  Intention to stay quit even without winning a prize, a measure of intrinsic motivation, predicted both short- and long-term abstinence.
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA jthomas@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Janet L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Xianghua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Jill E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bengtson
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Anne Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Weber-Main
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lust
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Jasjit S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ahluwalia
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: An
mesh_terms: D003163:Competitive Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012201:Reward; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: awards and prizes; college students; financial incentives; prevention research; smoking cessation