title: Production and Catalytic Properties of Amylases from Lichtheimia ramosa and Thermoascus aurantiacus by Solid-State Fermentation.
abstract: The present study compared the production and the catalytic properties of amylolytic enzymes obtained from the fungi Lichtheimia ramosa (mesophilic) and Thermoascus aurantiacus (thermophilic). The highest amylase production in both fungi was observed in wheat bran supplemented with nutrient solution (pH 4.0) after 96 hours of cultivation, reaching 417.2 U/g of dry substrate (or 41.72 U/mL) and 144.5 U/g of dry substrate (or 14.45 U/mL) for L. ramosa and T. aurantiacus, respectively. The enzymes showed higher catalytic activity at pH 6.0 at 60°C. The amylases produced by L. ramosa and T. aurantiacus were stable between pH 3.5-10.5 and pH 4.5-9.5, respectively. The amylase of L. ramosa was stable at 55°C after 1 hour of incubation, whereas that of T. aurantiacus maintained 60% of its original activity under the same conditions. Both enzymes were active in the presence of ethanol. The enzymes hydrolyzed starch from different sources, with the best results obtained with corn starch. The enzymatic complex produced by L. ramosa showed dextrinizing and saccharifying potential. The enzymatic extract produced by the fungus T. aurantiacus presented only saccharifying potential, releasing glucose monomers as the main hydrolysis product.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Enzymology and Fermentation Processes, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (FCBA/UFGD), Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, km 12, 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula Aguero
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Enzymology and Fermentation Processes, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (FCBA/UFGD), Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, km 12, 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Alice
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Silvestre
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Enzymology and Fermentation Processes, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (FCBA/UFGD), Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, km 12, 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nayara Fernanda Lisboa
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering, Department of Phytotechnology, Food Technology and Social Economy, São Paulo State University (FEIS/UNESP), Avenida Brasil, No. 56, 15385-000 Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Heloíza Ferreira
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Alves-Prado
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Fungal Ecology and Systematics, Biosciences Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, São Paulo State University (IB/UNESP), Avenida 24A, No. 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Enzymology and Fermentation Processes, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (FCBA/UFGD), Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, km 12, 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Fossa
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: da Paz
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (FCBA/UFGD), Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, km 12, 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo Graciano
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Enzymology and Fermentation Processes, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (FCBA/UFGD), Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, km 12, 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Simões Ribeiro
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0837-5072
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Leite
mesh_terms: D000681:Amylases / Q000737:chemistry*; D005285:Fermentation; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007218:Industrial Microbiology; D009090:Mucorales / Q000201:enzymology*; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism; D055327:Thermoascus / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D013213:Starch; D000681:Amylases