title: Climate change and habitat conversion favour the same species.
abstract: Land-use change and climate change are driving a global biodiversity crisis. Yet, how species' responses to climate change are correlated with their responses to land-use change is poorly understood. Here, we assess the linkages between climate and land-use change on birds in Neotropical forest and agriculture. Across > 300 species, we show that affiliation with drier climates is associated with an ability to persist in and colonise agriculture. Further, species shift their habitat use along a precipitation gradient: species prefer forest in drier regions, but use agriculture more in wetter zones. Finally, forest-dependent species that avoid agriculture are most likely to experience decreases in habitable range size if current drying trends in the Neotropics continue as predicted. This linkage suggests a synergy between the primary drivers of biodiversity loss. Because they favour the same species, climate and land-use change will likely homogenise biodiversity more severely than otherwise anticipated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305-5020, USA.|Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5020, USA.|Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada.
authors.forename: Luke O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Frishkoff
authors.affiliation: Institute for Resources, Environment, and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6K 1T4, Canada.
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Karp
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK.
authors.forename: Jon R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Flanders
authors.affiliation: Unión de Ornitólogos de Costa Rica, Apartado 182-4200, Naranjo de Alajuela, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zook
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305-5020, USA.|Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5020, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hadly
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305-5020, USA.|Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5020, USA.|Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5020, USA.|Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, SE-104 05, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gretchen C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Daily
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
authors.forename: Leithen K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: M'Gonigle
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D001717:Birds / Q000502:physiology*; D057231:Climate Change; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D003364:Costa Rica; D065928:Forests
keywords: Anthropocene; bird; climate niche; countryside biogeography; deforestation; habitat conversion; homogenisation