title: Marine fungi isolated from Chilean fjord sediments can degrade oxytetracycline.
abstract: Salmon farming is the main economic activity in the fjords area of Southern Chile. This activity requires the use of antibiotics, such as oxytetracycline, for the control and prevention of diseases, which have a negative impact on the environment. We analyzed the abilities of endemic marine fungi to biodegrade oxytetracycline, an antibiotic used extensively in fish farming. We isolated marine fungi strains from sediment samples obtained from an area of fish farming activity. The five isolated strains showed an activity on oxytetracycline and were identified as Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma deliquescens, Penicillium crustosum, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and Talaromyces atroroseus by a scanning electron microscopy and characterized by molecular techniques. Results showed significant degradation in the concentration of oxytetracycline at the first 2 days of treatment for all strains analyzed. At 21 days of treatment, the concentration of oxytetracycline was decreased 92 % by T. harzianum, 85 % by T. deliquescens, 83 % by P. crustosum, 73 % by R. mucilaginosa, and 72 % by T. atroroseus, all of which were significantly higher than the controls. Given these results, we propose that fungal strains isolated from marine sediments may be useful tools for biodegradation of antibiotics, such as oxytetracycline, in the salmon industry.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Geografía, Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Geografía, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile. ramonahumada@udec.cl.|Estudiantes de Doctorado en Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile. ramonahumada@udec.cl.|Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile. ramonahumada@udec.cl.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahumada-Rudolph
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Geografía, Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Geografía, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile.|Estudiantes de Doctorado en Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Novoa
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Estadística, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sáez
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Microbiología Básica y Bioremediación, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Alonso de Ribera 2850, PO Box 297, Concepción, Chile.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rudolph
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Genómica & Biodiversidad (LGB), Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Dieciocho de Septiembre 580, PO Box 447, Chillán, Chile.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Torres-Diaz
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Becerra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D017756:Aquaculture; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002677:Chile; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D063366:Estuaries; D005658:Fungi / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000382:microbiology*; D010118:Oxytetracycline / Q000032:analysis*; D012474:Salmon / Q000254:growth & development; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010118:Oxytetracycline
keywords: Antibiotics; Aquaculture; Degradation; Incorporated and restoration; Marine fungi