title: Variable Cell Growth Yields Reproducible OrganDevelopment through Spatiotemporal Averaging.
abstract: Organ sizes and shapes are strikingly reproducible, despite the variable growth and division of individual cells within them. To reveal which mechanisms enable this precision, we designed a screen for disrupted sepal size and shape uniformity in Arabidopsis and identified mutations in the mitochondrial i-AAA protease FtsH4. Counterintuitively, through live imaging we observed that variability of neighboring cell growth was reduced in ftsh4 sepals. We found that regular organ shape results from spatiotemporal averaging of the cellular variability in wild-type sepals, which is disrupted in the less-variable cells of ftsh4 mutants. We also found that abnormal, increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ftsh4 mutants disrupts organ size consistency. In wild-type sepals, ROS accumulate in maturing cells and limit organ growth, suggesting that ROS are endogenous signals promoting termination of growth. Our results demonstrate that spatiotemporal averaging of cellular variability is required for precision in organ size.
authors.affiliation: Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Lilan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCBL, INRA, CNRS, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France; Laboratoire Joliot Curie, CNRS, ENS de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
authors.forename: Mathilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dumond
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsugawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sapala
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany.
authors.forename: Anne-Lise
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Routier-Kierzkowska
authors.affiliation: Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCBL, INRA, CNRS, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France; Laboratoire Joliot Curie, CNRS, ENS de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.affiliation: Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Mingyuan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCBL, INRA, CNRS, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France; Laboratoire Joliot Curie, CNRS, ENS de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hamant
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany.
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.
authors.forename: Tamiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Komatsuzaki
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.
authors.forename: Chun-Biu
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCBL, INRA, CNRS, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France; Laboratoire Joliot Curie, CNRS, ENS de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France. Electronic address: arezki.boudaoud@ens-lyon.fr.
authors.forename: Arezki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boudaoud
authors.affiliation: Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Electronic address: ahr75@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Adrienne H K
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Roeder
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D035264:Flowers / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D009024:Morphogenesis; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010641:Phenotype; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species