title: Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2synthase (L-PGDS) modulates beneficial metabolic effects of vertical sleeve gastrectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) ameliorates metabolic complications in obese and diabetic patients through unknown mechanisms.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to investigate the role of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2synthase (L-PGDS) in glucose regulation in response to VSG using L-PGDS knock-out (KO), knock-in (KI), and C57BL/6 (wild type) mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Winthrop University Hospital Research Institute.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animals were divided into 6 groups: L-PGDS KO sham/VSG (n = 5), L-PGDS KI sham/VSG (n = 5), and C57BL/6 (wild type) sham/VSG (n = 5). Related parameters were measured in fasting animals after 10 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests and homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance results showed significant glycemic improvement 10 weeks post-VSG in both C57BL/6 and KI groups compared with the sham group. In contrast, the KO group developed glucose intolerance and insulin resistance similar to or greater than the sham group 10 weeks post-VSG. Interestingly, weight gain was insignificant 10 weeks post-VSG in all the groups and even trended higher in the KO group compared with sham. Peptide YY levels in the KO group post-VSG were slightly increased but significantly less than other groups. Similarly, the KO group showed significantly less leptin sensitivity in response to VSG compared with the KI group. Total cholesterol level remained unchanged in all groups irrespective of sham or surgery but interestingly, the KO group had significantly higher cholesterol levels. In parallel, adipocyte size was also found to be significantly increased in the KO group post-VSG compared with the sham group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings propose that L-PGDS plays an important role in the beneficial metabolic effects observed after VSG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Research, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York.
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York; Department of Endocrinology, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York.
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Research, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York.
authors.forename: Christopher E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Research, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Palaia
authors.affiliation: Bay Pines Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bay Pines, Florida.
authors.forename: Drew A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Rideout
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York; Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York.
authors.forename: Collin E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Brathwaite
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Research, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York; Department of Surgery, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York. Electronic address: LRagolia@Winthrop.org.
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ragolia
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000473:pathology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D050110:Bariatric Surgery / Q000379:methods; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006706:Homeostasis; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000502:physiology*; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008820:Mice, Obese; D009765:Obesity / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D020738:Leptin; D054834:Lipocalins; D002784:Cholesterol; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C022466:prostaglandin R2 D-isomerase
keywords: Glucose tolerance; L-PGDS knock-in; L-PGDS knockout; Vertical sleeve gastrectomy