title: Intradialytic aerobic cycling exercise alleviates inflammation and improves endothelial progenitor cell count and bone density in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: Inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and mineral bone disease are critical factors contributing to morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Physical exercise alleviates inflammation and increases bone density. Here, we investigated the effects of intradialytic aerobic cycling exercise on HD patients. Forty end-stage renal disease patients undergoing HD were randomly assigned to either an exercise or control group. The patients in the exercise group performed a cycling program consisting of a 5-minute warm-up, 20 minutes of cycling at the desired workload, and a 5-minute cool down during 3 HD sessions per week for 3 months. Biochemical markers, inflammatory cytokines, nutritional status, the serum endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) count, bone mineral density, and functional capacity were analyzed. After 3 months of exercise, the patients in the exercise group showed significant improvements in serum albumin levels, the body mass index, inflammatory cytokine levels, and the number of cells positive for CD133, CD34, and kinase insert domain-conjugating receptor. Compared with the exercise group, the patients in the control group showed a loss of bone density at the femoral neck and no increases in EPCs. The patients in the exercise group also had a significantly greater 6-minute walk distance after completing the exercise program. Furthermore, the number of EPCs significantly correlated with the 6-minute walk distance both before and after the 3-month program. Intradialytic aerobic cycling exercise programs can effectively alleviate inflammation and improve nutrition, bone mineral density, and exercise tolerance in HD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Yong He Branch, New Taipei School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Min-Tser
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Wen-Chih
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Fu-Huang
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ching-Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Shao-Yuan
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chuan-Chieh
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shih-Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Kuo-Cheng
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Chia-Chao
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D015519:Bone Density; D002452:Cell Count; D066026:Endothelial Progenitor Cells; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D055815:Young Adult