title: Identification of Miscellaneous Peptides from the Skin Secretion of the European Edible Frog, Pelophylax kl. Esculentus.
abstract: The chemical compounds synthesised and secreted from the dermal glands of amphibian have diverse bioactivities that play key roles in the hosts' innate immune system and in causing diverse pharmacological effects in predators that may ingest the defensive skin secretions. As new biotechnological methods have developed, increasing numbers of novel peptides with novel activities have been discovered from this source of natural compounds. In this study, a number of defensive skin secretion peptide sequences were obtained from the European edible frog, P. kl. esculentus, using a 'shotgun' cloning technique developed previously within our laboratory. Some of these sequences have been previously reported but had either obtained from other species or were isolated using different methods. Two new skin peptides are described here for the first time. Esculentin-2c and Brevinin-2Tbe belong to the Esculentin-2 and Brevinin-2 families, respectively, and both are very similar to their respective analogues but with a few amino acid differences. Further, [Asn-3, Lys-6, Phe-13] 3-14-bombesin isolated previously from the skin of the marsh frog, Rana ridibunda, was identified here in the skin of P. kl. esculentus. Studies such as this can provide a rapid elucidation of peptide and corresponding DNA sequences from unstudied species of frogs and can rapidly provide a basis for related scientific studies such as those involved in systematic or the evolution of a large diverse gene family and usage by biomedical researchers as a source of potential novel drug leads or pharmacological agents.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China. leochen5139@fjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaole
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China. hwang11@qub.ac.uk.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Medicine Natural Peptide Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Medicine Natural Peptide Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Medicine Natural Peptide Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Tianbao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Medicine Natural Peptide Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shaw
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D029845:Amphibian Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001839:Bombesin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011893:Rana esculenta / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D029845:Amphibian Proteins; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C092874:esculentin protein, Rana esculenta; C078414:brevinin-2, Rana; D001839:Bombesin
keywords: Amphibian; Cloning; Mass spectrometry; Peptide; Secretion