title: Eosinophil production of prostaglandin D2in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease.
abstract: Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) differs from aspirin-tolerant disease in part because of eosinophilic tissue infiltration and overexpression of arachidonic acid metabolic pathway components that lead to enhanced secretion of cysteinyl leukotrienes and prostaglandin (PG) D2observed constitutively and paradoxically in response to aspirin and other COX inhibitors. We have previously demonstrated the capacity of IFN-γ to drive cysteinyl leukotriene expression and response.
  
  
  
  We investigated eosinophils as a source of PGD2production in patients with AERD.
  
  
  
  Eosinophils were enriched from tissue and peripheral blood obtained from control subjects, patients with aspirin-tolerant disease, and patients with AERD. mRNA was extracted and evaluated for expression of hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase (hPGDS). Expression of hPGDS protein was confirmed with Western hybridization and immunofluorescence staining. Cells were stimulated with aspirin, and secretion of PGD2was quantified. CD34+progenitor cells were isolated and matured into eosinophils in the presence or absence of IFN-γ and hPGDS mRNA, and PGD2release was measured.
  
  
  
  Gene expression analysis revealed that eosinophils from tissue and blood of patients with AERD display increased levels of hPGDS compared with asthmatic and control samples. Western hybridization confirmed the increase in hPGDS mRNA translated to increased protein expression. Immunofluorescence confirmed mast cells and eosinophils from tissue of patients with AERD and asthma demonstrated hPGDS expression, with higher levels in eosinophils from patients with AERD. Incubation of eosinophils from blood and tissue with aspirin stimulated PGD2release. IFN-γ-matured eosinophil progenitors showed enhanced hPGDS expression and increased levels of PGD2release at baseline and after aspirin stimulation.
  
  
  
  In addition to mast cells, eosinophils represent an important source of PGD2in patients with AERD and identify a new target for therapeutic intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, QiLu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Asthma and Allergic Disease Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Va.
authors.forename: Madison K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ramsden
authors.affiliation: Asthma and Allergic Disease Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Va.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Negri
authors.affiliation: Asthma and Allergic Disease Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Va.
authors.forename: Mary Grace
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: Asthma and Allergic Disease Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Va; Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Va; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Va.
authors.forename: Spencer C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.affiliation: Asthma and Allergic Disease Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Va; Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Va; Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Va; Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Va.
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Borish
authors.affiliation: Asthma and Allergic Disease Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Va; Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Va; Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Va. Electronic address: js3ch@virginia.edu.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Steinke
mesh_terms: D001241:Aspirin / Q000494:pharmacology; D055963:Asthma, Aspirin-Induced; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D001241:Aspirin; D015230:Prostaglandin D2
keywords: Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease; aspirin-tolerant asthma; chronic sinusitis; cytokines; eosinophils; nasal polyps; prostaglandin D(2)