title: E3 ubiquitin ligase: A potential regulator in fibrosis and systemic sclerosis.
abstract: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis in the skin and internal organs. The pathogenesis of SSc is not completely understood until now. Recently, many studies have focused on the role of E3 ubiquitin ligases in organ fibrosis. However, the possible regulatory mechanisms of E3 ubiquitin ligases in fibrosis and SSc are not well documented. In this review, we summarized that E3 ubiquitin ligases regulated fibrosis through ubiquitin-mediated degradation of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Moreover, E3 ubiquitin ligases participated in regulating fibrosis by other methods, such as inducing epithelial transition to mesenchymal cell, enhancing the production of TGF-β and protecting activated hepatic stellate cells from apoptosis. However, the specific regulatory mechanisms of E3 ubiquitin ligases in scleroderma is still not fully understood. There are more works to be done to specify the mechanism of E3 ubiquitin ligases in regulation of fibrosis in SSc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Lei
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Medical Genetics Center, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Jie
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: West Anhui Health Vocational College, Lu'an, Anhui, China.
authors.forename: Jiu-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China. Electronic address: jwang2006@126.com.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000473:pathology*; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
keywords: E3 ubiquitin ligases; Fibrosis; Immune; Systemic sclerosis; TGF-β