title: In-vivo multispectral video endoscopy towards in-vivo hyperspectral video endoscopy.
abstract: For in-vivo diagnostics of cancer and pre-cancer in the stomach, there is no endoscopic procedure offering both high sensitivity and high specificity. Our data suggest that multispectral or hyperspectral imaging may be helpful to solve this problem. It is successfully applied to the detection and analysis of easily reachable carcinomas, ex-vivo samples of hollow organ mucosal carcinomas and also histological samples. An endoscopy system which allows flexible multispectral videoendoscopy for in-vivo diagnostics has so far been unavailable. To overcome this problem, we modified a standard Olympus endoscopy system to conduct in-vivo multispectral imaging of the upper GI tract. The pilot study is performed on 14 patients with adeno carcinomas in the stomach. For analysis, Support Vector Machine with linear and Gaussian Kernel, AdaBoost, RobustBoost and Random-Forest-walk are used and compared for the data classification with a leave-one-out strategy. The margin of the carcinoma for the training of the classifier is drawn by expert-labeling. The cancer findings are cross-checked by biopsies. We expect that the present study will help to improve the further development of hyperspectral endoscopy and to overcome some of the problems to be faced in this process.
authors.affiliation: Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institute of Photonic Technologies (LPT), Konrad-Zuse-Straße 3/5, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.|Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Paul-Gordon-Straße 6, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.|Ryerson University, Department of Physics, 350 Victoria Street Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, USA.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hohmann
authors.affiliation: Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institute of Photonic Technologies (LPT), Konrad-Zuse-Straße 3/5, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.|Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Paul-Gordon-Straße 6, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kanawade
authors.affiliation: Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institute of Photonic Technologies (LPT), Konrad-Zuse-Straße 3/5, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Klämpfl
authors.affiliation: Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Paul-Gordon-Straße 6, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.|Ryerson University, Department of Physics, 350 Victoria Street Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Douplik
authors.affiliation: Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.|Sana Clinic Ostholstein, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospitalstraße 22, 23701, Eutin, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mudter
authors.affiliation: Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Paul-Gordon-Straße 6, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.|Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Neurath
authors.affiliation: Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Albrecht
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D013270:Stomach / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D060388:Support Vector Machine; D014741:Video Recording / Q000295:instrumentation
keywords: AdaBoost; SVM; endoscopy; hyperspectral; stomach 