title: Thermal change in a resin block during motorized and manual implant placement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have demonstrated the harmful role of heat generation during implant site drilling in subsequent bone healing. However, heat generation during implant placement should also be carefully considered.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate thermal change in a resin block during motorized and manual implant placement with and without saline irrigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thermocouple probes were placed in resin blocks to measure the thermal change during forty 3.75x15-mm self-tapping cylindrical screw implant placements as follows: MtI group, 10 motorized implant placements with external saline irrigation; MtNI group, 10 motorized implant placements without irrigation; MI group, 10 manual implant placements with external saline irrigation; MNI group, 10 manual implant placements without irrigation. The temperature values were recorded with a data acquisition system with a 20-channel multiplexer module connected to a personal computer. The normality of data distribution was assessed with the Shapiro-Wilk test and the homogeneity of variances with the Levene test. The mean temperatures of the groups was assessed with the 3-way ANOVA test followed by the Tukey HSD test for normal distribution and the Games-Howell test for non-normal distribution (α=.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of temperature rise in the resin blocks was 1.1°C to 7.3°C. The highest mean temperature was present in the group for manual implant placement without irrigation (26.2 ±1.1°C), and the lowest thermal change was in the motorized implant placement group with external saline irrigation (23.6 ±1.0°C).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The thermal change in resin blocks during motorized implant placement was lower than manual implant placement, especially with external saline irrigation.
authors.affiliation: Graduate student, Graduate Program in Periodontics, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, School of Health and Biosciences, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre Ricardo
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Dal Molin Molinari
authors.affiliation: Graduate student, Graduate Program in Periodontics, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, School of Health and Biosciences, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cesar Augusto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Thomé
authors.affiliation: Professor, Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Polytechnic School, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luis Mauro
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.affiliation: Professor, Graduate Program in Periodontics, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, School of Health and Biosciences, Curitiba, Brazil. Electronic address: sung.kim@pucpr.br.
authors.forename: Sung Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D003757:Dental Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008422:Materials Testing; D012117:Resins, Synthetic / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D012117:Resins, Synthetic