title: Enrichment of thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels with glycerol and alkaline phosphatase for bone tissue engineering applications.
abstract: Thermosensitive injectable chitosan hydrogels can be formed by neutralization of acidic chitosan solutions with sodium betaglycerophosphate (Na-β-GP) coupled with increasing temperature to body temperature. Such hydrogels have been considered for applications in bone regeneration. In this study, chitosan hydrogels were enriched with glycerol and the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP) with a view to improving their suitability as materials for bone tissue engineering. Mineral formation was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and increases in the mass fraction of the hydrogel not consisting of water. Incorporation of ALP in hydrogels followed by incubation in a solution containing calcium ions and glycerophosphate, a substrate for ALP, led to formation of calcium phosphate within the hydrogel. MG-63 osteoblast-like cells were cultivated in eluates from hydrogels containing ALP and without ALP at different dilutions and directly on the hydrogel samples. Hydrogels containing ALP exhibited superior cytocompatibility to ALP-free hydrogels. These results pave the way for the use of glycerol- and ALP-enriched hydrogels in bone regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials (PBM) Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Ghent, Gent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Timothy E L
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krok-Borkowicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Macuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pietryga
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Elżbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pamuła
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002417:Cattle; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D048271:Chitosan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005990:Glycerol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D020100:Hydrogels; D048271:Chitosan; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D005990:Glycerol