title: Implications of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor Activation in Lung Cancer.
abstract: Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) has been intensively investigated in many preclinical studies using cell lines and animal models, and the results have provided important knowledge to help improve the understanding of cancer biology. IGF1R is highly expressed in patients with lung cancer, and high levels of circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), the main ligand for IGF1R, increases the risk of developing lung malignancy in the future. Several phase I clinical trials have supported the potential use of an IGF1R-targeted strategy for cancer, including lung cancer. However, the negative results from phase III studies need further attention, especially in selecting patients with specific molecular signatures, who will gain benefits from IGF1R inhibitors with minimal side effects. This review will discuss the basic concept of IGF1R in lung cancer biology, such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induction and cancer stem cell (CSC) maintenance, and also the clinical implications of IGF1R for lung cancer patients, such as prognostic value and cancer therapy resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, University of Indonesia Faculty of Medicine, Persahabatan Hospital, Jalan Persahabatan Raya No.1, Jakarta 13230, Indonesia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
authors.forename: Fariz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nurwidya
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, University of Indonesia Faculty of Medicine, Persahabatan Hospital, Jalan Persahabatan Raya No.1, Jakarta 13230, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Sita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andarini
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumiyuki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, University of Indonesia Faculty of Medicine, Persahabatan Hospital, Jalan Persahabatan Raya No.1, Jakarta 13230, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Elisna
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Syahruddin
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
keywords: IGF1R; cancer stem cells; chemotherapy; clinical trials; epithelial-mesenchymal transition; resistance