title: Neonatal fatty acid status and cardiometabolic health at 9years.
abstract: Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) status is associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. We previously demonstrated no effect of LCPUFA supplementation after birth on BP and anthropometrics. Little is known about the association between fatty acid status at birth and cardiometabolic health at older ages.
  
  
  
  To evaluate associations between docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) levels in the umbilical cord and blood pressure (BP) and anthropometrics at 9years.
  
  
  
  Observational follow-up study. Multivariable analyses were carried out to adjust for potential confounders.
  
  
  
  229 children who took part in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) on the effects of LCPUFA formula supplementation.
  
  
  
  BP was chosen as primary outcome; heart rate and anthropometrics as secondary outcomes.
  
  
  
  AA levels in the wall of the umbilical vein and artery were negatively associated with diastolic BP (B: vein -0.831, 95% CI: -1.578; -0.083, p=0.030; artery: -0.605, 95% CI: -1.200; -0.010, p=0.046). AA was not associated with systolic BP; DHA not with diastolic nor systolic BP. The AA:DHA ratio in the umbilical vein was negatively associated with diastolic BP (B: -1.738, 95% CI: -3.141; -0.335, p=0.015). Heart rate and anthropometrics were not associated with neonatal LCPUFA status.
  
  
  
  Higher AA levels and a higher AA:DHA ratio at birth are associated with lower diastolic BP at age 9. This suggests that the effect of LCPUFAs at early age is different from that in adults, where DHA is regarded anti-adipogenic and AA as adipogenic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Division of Developmental Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jorien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seggers
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Division of Developmental Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hedwig K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kikkert
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Division of Developmental Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of General Practice, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Corina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.affiliation: University Medical School of Pécs, Department of Paediatrics, Hungary.
authors.forename: Tamas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Decsi
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Science Consulting, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Gunther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boehm
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Division of Developmental Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: m.hadders-algra@umcg.nl.
authors.forename: Mijna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hadders-Algra
mesh_terms: D050156:Adipogenesis; D000886:Anthropometry; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002648:Child; D003971:Diastole; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000737:chemistry; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D016718:Arachidonic Acid
keywords: AA; Anthropometrics; Blood pressure; DHA; LCPUFA