title: Protective Effects of Costunolide against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Injury in PC12 Cells.
abstract: Oxidative stress-mediated cellular injury has been considered as a major cause of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated by antioxidants may be a potential strategy for retarding the diseases' progression. Costunolide (CS) is a well-known sesquiterpene lactone, used as a popular herbal remedy, which possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. This study aimed to investigate the protective role of CS against the cytotoxicity induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and to elucidate potential protective mechanisms in PC12 cells. The results showed that the treatment of PC12 cells with CS prior to H₂O₂ exposure effectively increased the cell viability. Furthermore, it decreased the intracellular ROS, stabilized the mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), and reduced apoptosis-related protein such as caspase 3. In addition, CS treatment attenuated the cell injury by H₂O₂ through the inhibition of phosphorylation of p38 and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). These results demonstrated that CS is promising as a potential therapeutic candidate for neurodegenerative diseases resulting from oxidative damage and further research on this topic should be encouraged.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan City 73657, Taiwan. jhnchong@me.com.
authors.forename: Chong-Un
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Cheong
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Health Science, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung City 83102, Taiwan. janson.yeh@msa.hinet.net.|Bio-Medical Technology Developmental Center, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung City 83102, Taiwan. janson.yeh@msa.hinet.net.|Department of Medical Technology, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung City 83102, Taiwan. janson.yeh@msa.hinet.net.|Department of Medical Research, Fooyin University Hospital, Ping-Tung County 92847, Taiwan. janson.yeh@msa.hinet.net.
authors.forename: Ching-Sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Mackay Memorial Hospital Taitung Branch, Taitung County 95054, Taiwan. yisnolly@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yi-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City 60002, Taiwan. yingray.lee@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ying-Ray
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan. eileen26854@yahoo.com.tw.
authors.forename: Mei-Ying
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Health Science, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung City 83102, Taiwan. xx377@fy.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chung-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Min-Hwei Junior College of Health Care Management, Tainan City 73658, Taiwan. chlee0818@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chien-Hsing
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007783:Lactones
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C002602:costunolide; D007783:Lactones
keywords: PC12 cells; costunolide; mitochondria membrane potential; reactive oxygen species