title: Stimulation of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus increases brown adipose tissue nerve activity via hypothalamic paraventricular and dorsomedial nuclei.
abstract: Hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARCN) stimulation elicited increases in sympathetic nerve activity (IBATSNA) and temperature (TBAT) of interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT). The role of hypothalamic dorsomedial (DMN) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei in mediating these responses was studied in urethane-anesthetized, artificially ventilated, male Wistar rats. In different groups of rats, inhibition of neurons in the DMN and PVN by microinjections of muscimol attenuated the increases in IBATSNA and TBAT elicited by microinjections of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid into the ipsilateral ARCN. In other groups of rats, blockade of ionotropic glutamate receptors by combined microinjections of D(-)-2-amino-7-phosphono-heptanoic acid (D-AP7) and NBQX into the DMN and PVN attenuated increases in IBATSNA and TBAT elicited by ARCN stimulation. Blockade of melanocortin 3/4 receptors in the DMN and PVN in other groups of rats resulted in attenuation of increases in IBATSNA and TBAT elicited by ipsilateral ARCN stimulation. Microinjections of Fluoro-Gold into the DMN resulted in retrograde labeling of cells in the ipsilateral ARCN, and some of these cells contained proopiomelanocortin (POMC), α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), or vesicular glutamate transporter-3. Since similar projections from ARCN to the PVN have been reported by us and others, these results indicate that neurons containing POMC, α-MSH, and glutamate project from the ARCN to the DMN and PVN. Stimulation of ARCN results in the release of α-MSH and glutamate in the DMN and PVN which, in turn, cause increases in IBATSNA and TBAT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Vineet C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Chitravanshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey sapru@njms.rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Hreday N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Sapru
mesh_terms: D015763:2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000294:innervation; D000818:Animals; D001111:Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004302:Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D058785:GABA-A Receptor Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008845:Microinjections; D009118:Muscimol / Q000494:pharmacology; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000494:pharmacology; D009433:Neural Inhibition; D010286:Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin / Q000378:metabolism; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D044104:Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D044105:Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013266:Stilbamidines; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013696:Temperature; D022722:Thermogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D050496:Vesicular Glutamate Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000521:alpha-MSH / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C049774:2-hydroxy-4,4'-diamidinostilbene, methanesulfonate salt; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D058785:GABA-A Receptor Agonists; D011810:Quinoxalines; D044104:Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3; D044105:Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4; C482103:Slc17a8 protein, rat; D013266:Stilbamidines; D050496:Vesicular Glutamate Transport Proteins; C514973:melanocortin 3 receptor, rat; C062865:2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline; D009118:Muscimol; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D000521:alpha-MSH; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin; D015763:2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; C031231:2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid
keywords: bat nerve activity; brown adipose tissue temperature; dorsomedial nucleus; glutamate receptors; interscapular brown adipose tissue; melanocortin receptors; paraventricular nucleus; proopiomelanocortin