title: The outcome of endoscopy for recalcitrant greater trochanteric pain syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS), previously referred as trochanteric bursitis, is a debilitating condition characterised by chronic lateral hip pain. The syndrome is thought to relate to gluteal tendinopathy, with most cases responding to non-operative treatment. A number of open and endoscopic surgical techniques targeting the iliotibial band, trochanteric bursa and gluteal tendons have, however, been described for severe recalcitrant cases. We report the outcomes of one such endoscopic approach here.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed 49 patients (57 operations) who had undergone endoscopic longitudinal vertical iliotibial band release and trochanteric bursectomy. Inclusion criteria included diagnosed GTPS with a minimum of six months of non-operative treatment. Exclusion criteria included concomitant intra- or extra-articular hip pathology and previous hip surgery including total hip arthroplasty. Outcomes were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale, Oxford hip Score and International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-33).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The series included 42 females and 7 males with a mean age of 65.0 years (26.7-88.6). Mean follow-up time was 20.7 months (5.3-41.2). Eight patients had full thickness gluteal tendon tears, of which 7 were repaired. Adjuvant PRP was injected intraoperatively in 38 of 57 operations (67.2 %). At follow-up, overall mean Visual Analogue Scale values had decreased from 7.8 to 2.8 (p < 0.001), Oxford hip Scores had increased from 20.4 to 37.3 (p < 0.001) and iHOT-33 scores had increased from 23.8 to 70.2 (p < 0.001). Of the 57 operations performed, patients reported feeling very satisfied with the surgical outcome in 28 operations (49.1 %), satisfied in 17 operations (29.8 %) and less than satisfied in 12 operations (21.1 %).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While the majority of patients with GTPS will improve with non-operative management, endoscopic iliotibial band release, trochanteric bursectomy and gluteal tendon repair is a safe and effective treatment for severe recalcitrant cases.
authors.affiliation: Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. jdrummondmd@gmail.com.|Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western Hospital, Level 1 South, 160 Gordon St, Footscray, VIC, 3011, Australia. jdrummondmd@gmail.com.
authors.forename: James
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4730-4517
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Drummond
authors.affiliation: Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.|Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western Hospital, Level 1 South, 160 Gordon St, Footscray, VIC, 3011, Australia.
authors.forename: Camdon
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fary
authors.affiliation: Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.|Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western Hospital, Level 1 South, 160 Gordon St, Footscray, VIC, 3011, Australia.
authors.forename: Phong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D002062:Bursitis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000601:surgery*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013577:Syndrome; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Bursectomy; Endoscopic; GTPS; Greater trochanteric pain syndrome; ITB release; Trochanteric bursitis