title: Occurrence of antibiotics and their impacts to primary productivity in fishponds around Tai Lake, China.
abstract: Antibiotics are widely used to improve the health and yields of farmed animals, including fish, but their use is accompanied by undesirable ecological effects. Relatively little is known about the water-body burden of antibiotics and their influence on primary productivity in aquaculture ecosystem. In this study, antibiotics usage within 24 fishponds, covering 4 areas, sampled 5 times, and having 5 fish species, was investigated surrounding Tai Lake in China. The study analyzed 15 antibiotics (including 5 sulfonamides, 2 quinolones, 3 β-lactams, 3 tetracyclines, 1 amphenicol, and 1 macrolide), and all of them were detected in water samples, with a detection frequency of 2-60%. Sulfonamides were the most prevalent, and concentrations of sulfamethoxazole, sulfamonomethoxine, and florfenicol being over 2000 ng L(-1) in some samples, while the other antibiotics levels ranged from ND (no detection) to 551.18 ng L(-1). Significant differences were observed in antibiotic burden among different regions for total antibiotics, sulfonamides, quinolones, and amphenicols; among time points for quinolones, β-lactams, and tetracyclines; and among species for quinolones and macrolides. Furthermore, basing on the risk quotient (RQ) method, the assessment revealed that florfenicol was of highest risk to algae with RQ values exceeding 0.1, while macrolide erythromycin posed the second highest risk. The partial correlation coefficient between total antibiotics and chlorophyll (a) was -0.035 that clearly indicated total antibiotics were detrimental to green algae growth, while the nutrient input and other physical - chemical factors were much more beneficial. Overall, holistic far-reaching measures of antibiotics control are recommended to preserve aquaculture ecosystem health.
authors.affiliation: Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Open Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Resources of Inland Fisheries, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, PR China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Open Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Resources of Inland Fisheries, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, PR China.
authors.forename: Cong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Open Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Resources of Inland Fisheries, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, PR China.
authors.forename: Limin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Open Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Resources of Inland Fisheries, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, PR China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Open Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Resources of Inland Fisheries, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Open Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Resources of Inland Fisheries, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, PR China.
authors.forename: Shunlong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Open Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Resources of Inland Fisheries, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, PR China.
authors.forename: Gengdong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Wuxi Fisheries College of Nanjing Agricultural University, PR China.
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kamira
authors.affiliation: Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Open Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Resources of Inland Fisheries, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, PR China. Electronic address: ffrcchen@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Jiazhang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005399:Fishes / Q000502:physiology; D006912:Hydroxyquinolines; D060106:Lakes / Q000737:chemistry; D018942:Macrolides / Q000032:analysis; D015363:Quinolones; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013754:Tetracyclines / Q000032:analysis; D013839:Thiamphenicol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D047090:beta-Lactams
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D006912:Hydroxyquinolines; D018942:Macrolides; D015363:Quinolones; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013754:Tetracyclines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D047090:beta-Lactams; C010064:carbostyril; C035534:florfenicol; D013839:Thiamphenicol
keywords: Algae; Antibiotics; Detection frequency; Fishpond; Risk assessment