title: Effect of normal gait on in vivo tibiofemoral cartilage strains.
abstract: Altered cartilage loading is believed to be associated with osteoarthritis development. However, there are limited data regarding the influence of normal gait, an essential daily loading activity, on cartilage strains. In this study, 8 healthy subjects with no history of knee surgery or injury underwent magnetic resonance imaging of a single knee prior to and following a 20-min walking activity at approximately 1.1m/s. Bone and cartilage surfaces were segmented from these images and compiled into 3-dimensional models of the tibia, femur, and associated cartilage. Thickness changes were measured across a grid of evenly spaced points spanning the models of the articular surfaces. Averaged compartmental strains and local strains were then calculated. Overall compartmental strains after the walking activity were found to be significantly different from zero in all four tibiofemoral compartments, with tibial cartilage strain being significantly larger than femoral cartilage strain. These results provide baseline data regarding the normal tibiofemoral cartilage strain response to gait. Additionally, the technique employed in this study has potential to be used as a "stress test" to understand how factors including age, weight, and injury influence tibiofemoral cartilage strain response, essential information in the development of potential treatment strategies for the prevention of osteoarthritis.
authors.affiliation: Duke Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Nimit K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Lad
authors.affiliation: Duke Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Betty
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Duke Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Pramodh K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Ganapathy
authors.affiliation: Duke Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Gangadhar M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Utturkar
authors.affiliation: Duke Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: E Grant
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Sutter
authors.affiliation: Duke Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Claude T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Moorman
authors.affiliation: Duke Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Garrett
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Spritzer
authors.affiliation: Duke Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. Electronic address: lou.defrate@duke.edu.
authors.forename: Louis E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: DeFrate
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000502:physiology; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D013977:Tibia / Q000502:physiology; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Biomechanics; Deformation; Joint Loading; Knee; Osteoarthritis