title: The effect of anesthetic management during intra-arterial therapy for acute stroke in MR CLEAN.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the current study was to assess the influence of anesthetic management on the effect of treatment in the Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands (MR CLEAN).
  
  
  METHODS
  MR CLEAN was a multicenter, randomized, open-label trial of intra-arterial therapy (IAT) vs no IAT. The intended anesthetic management at the start of the procedure was used for this post hoc analysis. The primary effect parameter was the adjusted common odds ratio (acOR) for a shift in direction of a better outcome on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days, estimated with multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis, which included a term for general anesthesia (GA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  GA was associated with significant (p = 0.011) effect modification, resulting in estimated decrease of 51% (95% confidence interval [CI] 31%-86%) in treatment effect compared to non-GA. We found a shift in the distribution on the mRS in favor of non-GA compared to control group (acOR 2.18 [95% CI 1.49-3.20]). The shift in distribution between GA and control group was in a similar direction (acOR 1.12 [95% CI 0.71-1.78]) with loss of statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this post hoc analysis, we found that the type of anesthetic management influences outcome following IAT. Only treatment without general anesthesia was associated with a significant treatment benefit in MR CLEAN.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study provides Class II evidence that for patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing IAT, mRS scores at 90 days improve only in patients treated without GA.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., R.v.d.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., P.J.N., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Anesthesiology (M.W.H.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Departments of Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Departments of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), Maastricht University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), the Netherlands; Division of Neurointervention (A.J.Y.), Texas Stroke Institute, Plano; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center; and Departments of Neurology (J.B.) and Radiology (G.J.L.à.N.), MC Haaglanden, the Hague, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Olvert A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Berkhemer
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., R.v.d.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., P.J.N., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Anesthesiology (M.W.H.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Departments of Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Departments of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), Maastricht University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), the Netherlands; Division of Neurointervention (A.J.Y.), Texas Stroke Institute, Plano; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center; and Departments of Neurology (J.B.) and Radiology (G.J.L.à.N.), MC Haaglanden, the Hague, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lucie A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., R.v.d.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., P.J.N., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Anesthesiology (M.W.H.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Departments of Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Departments of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), Maastricht University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), the Netherlands; Division of Neurointervention (A.J.Y.), Texas Stroke Institute, Plano; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center; and Departments of Neurology (J.B.) and Radiology (G.J.L.à.N.), MC Haaglanden, the Hague, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Puck S S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Fransen
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., R.v.d.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., P.J.N., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Anesthesiology (M.W.H.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Departments of Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Departments of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), Maastricht University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), the Netherlands; Division of Neurointervention (A.J.Y.), Texas Stroke Institute, Plano; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center; and Departments of Neurology (J.B.) and Radiology (G.J.L.à.N.), MC Haaglanden, the Hague, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Debbie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beumer
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., R.v.d.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., P.J.N., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Anesthesiology (M.W.H.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Departments of Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Departments of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), Maastricht University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), the Netherlands; Division of Neurointervention (A.J.Y.), Texas Stroke Institute, Plano; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center; and Departments of Neurology (J.B.) and Radiology (G.J.L.à.N.), MC Haaglanden, the Hague, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Albert J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., R.v.d.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., P.J.N., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Anesthesiology (M.W.H.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Departments of Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Departments of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), Maastricht University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), the Netherlands; Division of Neurointervention (A.J.Y.), Texas Stroke Institute, Plano; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center; and Departments of Neurology (J.B.) and Radiology (G.J.L.à.N.), MC Haaglanden, the Hague, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hester F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Lingsma
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., R.v.d.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., P.J.N., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Anesthesiology (M.W.H.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Departments of Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Departments of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), Maastricht University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), the Netherlands; Division of Neurointervention (A.J.Y.), Texas Stroke Institute, Plano; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center; and Departments of Neurology (J.B.) and Radiology (G.J.L.à.N.), MC Haaglanden, the Hague, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wouter J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Schonewille
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., R.v.d.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., P.J.N., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Anesthesiology (M.W.H.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Departments of Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Departments of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), Maastricht University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), the Netherlands; Division of Neurointervention (A.J.Y.), Texas Stroke Institute, Plano; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center; and Departments of Neurology (J.B.) and Radiology (G.J.L.à.N.), MC Haaglanden, the Hague, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., R.v.d.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., P.J.N., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Anesthesiology (M.W.H.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Departments of Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Departments of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), Maastricht University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), the Netherlands; Division of Neurointervention (A.J.Y.), Texas Stroke Institute, Plano; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center; and Departments of Neurology (J.B.) and Radiology (G.J.L.à.N.), MC Haaglanden, the Hague, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marieke J H
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wermer
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., R.v.d.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., P.J.N., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Anesthesiology (M.W.H.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Departments of Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Departments of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), Maastricht University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), the Netherlands; Division of Neurointervention (A.J.Y.), Texas Stroke Institute, Plano; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center; and Departments of Neurology (J.B.) and Radiology (G.J.L.à.N.), MC Haaglanden, the Hague, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jelis
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boiten
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., R.v.d.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., P.J.N., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Anesthesiology (M.W.H.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Departments of Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Departments of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), Maastricht University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), the Netherlands; Division of Neurointervention (A.J.Y.), Texas Stroke Institute, Plano; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center; and Departments of Neurology (J.B.) and Radiology (G.J.L.à.N.), MC Haaglanden, the Hague, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Geert J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Lycklama À Nijeholt
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., R.v.d.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., P.J.N., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Anesthesiology (M.W.H.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Departments of Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Departments of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), Maastricht University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), the Netherlands; Division of Neurointervention (A.J.Y.), Texas Stroke Institute, Plano; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center; and Departments of Neurology (J.B.) and Radiology (G.J.L.à.N.), MC Haaglanden, the Hague, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Nederkoorn
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., R.v.d.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., P.J.N., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Anesthesiology (M.W.H.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Departments of Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Departments of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), Maastricht University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), the Netherlands; Division of Neurointervention (A.J.Y.), Texas Stroke Institute, Plano; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center; and Departments of Neurology (J.B.) and Radiology (G.J.L.à.N.), MC Haaglanden, the Hague, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Markus W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Hollmann
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., R.v.d.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., P.J.N., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Anesthesiology (M.W.H.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Departments of Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Departments of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), Maastricht University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), the Netherlands; Division of Neurointervention (A.J.Y.), Texas Stroke Institute, Plano; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center; and Departments of Neurology (J.B.) and Radiology (G.J.L.à.N.), MC Haaglanden, the Hague, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wim H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: van Zwam
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., R.v.d.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., P.J.N., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Anesthesiology (M.W.H.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Departments of Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Departments of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), Maastricht University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), the Netherlands; Division of Neurointervention (A.J.Y.), Texas Stroke Institute, Plano; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center; and Departments of Neurology (J.B.) and Radiology (G.J.L.à.N.), MC Haaglanden, the Hague, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Aad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van der Lugt
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., R.v.d.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., P.J.N., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Anesthesiology (M.W.H.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Departments of Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Departments of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), Maastricht University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), the Netherlands; Division of Neurointervention (A.J.Y.), Texas Stroke Institute, Plano; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center; and Departments of Neurology (J.B.) and Radiology (G.J.L.à.N.), MC Haaglanden, the Hague, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: van Oostenbrugge
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., R.v.d.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., P.J.N., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Anesthesiology (M.W.H.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Departments of Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Departments of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), Maastricht University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), the Netherlands; Division of Neurointervention (A.J.Y.), Texas Stroke Institute, Plano; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center; and Departments of Neurology (J.B.) and Radiology (G.J.L.à.N.), MC Haaglanden, the Hague, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Charles B L M
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Majoie
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., R.v.d.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., P.J.N., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Anesthesiology (M.W.H.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Departments of Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Departments of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), Maastricht University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), the Netherlands; Division of Neurointervention (A.J.Y.), Texas Stroke Institute, Plano; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center; and Departments of Neurology (J.B.) and Radiology (G.J.L.à.N.), MC Haaglanden, the Hague, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Diederik W J
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Dippel
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (O.A.B., R.v.d.B., C.B.L.M.M.), Neurology (L.A.v.d.B., P.J.N., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), and Anesthesiology (M.W.H.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Departments of Radiology (P.S.S.F., A.v.d.L.), Neurology (O.A.B., P.S.S.F., D.W.J.D.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Departments of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and Neurology (D.B., R.J.v.O.), Maastricht University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), the Netherlands; Division of Neurointervention (A.J.Y.), Texas Stroke Institute, Plano; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center; and Departments of Neurology (J.B.) and Radiology (G.J.L.à.N.), MC Haaglanden, the Hague, the Netherlands. y.b.roos@amc.uva.nl.
authors.forename: Yvo B W E M
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Roos
mesh_terms: D000359:Aftercare; D000368:Aged; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000628:therapy*; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000628:therapy*