title: Dyspnea as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate associations between dyspnea and clinical outcomes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2001 to 2014, we retrospectively reviewed the prospective lung cancer database of St. Paul's Hospital at the Catholic University of Korea. We enrolled patients with NSCLC and evaluated symptoms of dyspnea using modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scores. Also, we estimated pulmonary functions and analyzed survival data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 457 NSCLC patients were enrolled, and 259 (56.7%) had dyspnea. Among those with dyspnea and whose mMRC scores were available (109 patients had no mMRC score), 85 (56.6%) patients had an mMRC score <2, while 65 (43.3%) had an mMRC score ≥2. Significant decreased pulmonary functions were observed in patients with dyspnea. In multivariate analysis, aging, poor performance status, advanced stage, low forced expiratory volume in 1 second (%), and an mMRC score ≥2 were found to be significant prognostic factors for patient survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dyspnea could be a significant prognostic factor in patients with NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Woo Ho
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Ban
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jick Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Dong
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeon Hui
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chin Kook
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hwa Sik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea. mdlee@catholic.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sang Haak
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: Lung neoplasm; dyspnea; prognosis