title: Amelioration of oxidative DNA damage in mouse peritoneal macrophages by Hippophae salicifolia due to its proton (H(+)) donation capability: Ex vivo and in vivo studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study evaluates the antioxidant effect of methanol extract of Hippophae salicifolia (MEHS) bark with special emphasis on its role on oxidative DNA damage in mouse peritoneal macrophages.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro antioxidant activity was estimated by standard antioxidant assays whereas the antioxidant activity concluded the H(+) donating capacity. Mouse erythrocytes' hemolysis and peritoneal macrophages' DNA damage were determined spectrophotometrically. In vivo antioxidant activity of MEHS was determined in carbon tetrachloride-induced mice by studying its effect on superoxide anion production in macrophages cells, superoxide dismutase in the cell lysate, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and reduces glutathione.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The extract showed good in vitro antioxidant activities whereas the inhibitory concentrations values ranged from 5.80 to 106.5 μg/ml. MEHS significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated the oxidative DNA damage. It also attenuated the oxidative conversion of hemoglobin to methemoglobin and elevation of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant in cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The result indicates MEHS has good in vitro-in vivo antioxidant property as well as the protective effect on DNA and red blood cell may be due to its H(+) donating property.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Mainak
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Indrajit
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Karmakar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Sagnik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haldar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Avratanu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Gurunanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Sodepur, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Asis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bala
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Pallab Kanti
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Haldar
keywords: Carbon tetrachloride; DNA; Hippophae salicifolia; free radicals; macrophage