title: [Inflammation and muscle regeneration, a double-edged sword].
abstract: Muscle injuries are very frequent and are associated with an inflammatory reaction that varies in intensity. Classically the inflammatory process was considered harmful for muscle regeneration and anti-inflammatory agents are still part of a conventional therapy. Over the last decades, it has been demonstrated under some conditions that the inflammatory response could be detrimental for the musculoskeletal tissue. However, accumulating evidence indicate that controlled and efficient inflammatory response is necessary for an optimal muscle recovery. Among the resident and infiltrating leukocytes that participate into the inflammatory process, macrophages play a critical role in muscle regeneration due to their ability to switch from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory phenotypes depending on their microenvironment. The present review synthesizes the recent advances regarding the interactions of the different infiltrating and resident leukocytes on myogenic cell function and muscle regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, 2705 boulevard Laurier, G1V4G2 Québec, QC, Canada - Département de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Sébastien S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Dufresne
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, 2705 boulevard Laurier, G1V4G2 Québec, QC, Canada - Département de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frenette
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine. Montréal, QC, Canada - École de réadaptation, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 7077 avenue du Parc Montréal, H3N 1X7 Montréal QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Nicolas A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Dumont
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D024510:Muscle Development / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018836:Inflammation Mediators