title: Umbilical Cord Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Useful in Insulin Production - Another Opportunity in Cell Therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disorder resulting out of T cell mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells may help to regenerate beta cells and/or prevent further destruction of remnant, unaffected beta cells in diabetes. We have assessed the ability of umbilical cord derived MSCs (UCMSCs) to differentiate into functional islet cells in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have isolated UCMSCs and allowed sequential exposure of various inducing agents and growth factors. We characterized these cells for confirmation of the presence of islet cell markers and their functionality. The spindle shaped undifferentiated UCMSCs, change their morphology to become triangular in shape. These cells then come together to form the islet like structures which then grow in size and mature over time. These cells express pancreatic and duodenal homeobox -1 (PDX-1), neurogenin 3 (Ngn-3), glucose transporter 2 (Glut 2) and other pancreatic cell markers like glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide and lose expression of MSC markers like CD73 and CD105. They were functionally active as demonstrated by release of physiological insulin and C-peptide in response to elevated glucose concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pancreatic islet like cells with desired functionality can thus be obtained in reasonable numbers from undifferentiated UCMSCs in vitro. This could help in establishing a "very definitive source" of islet like cells for cell therapy. UCMSCs could thus be a game changer in treatment of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Reliance Life Sciences Pvt Ltd., Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Shabari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarang
authors.affiliation: Reliance Life Sciences Pvt Ltd., Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Chandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Viswanathan
keywords: Mesenchymal stem cells; Stem cells; Type 1 Diabetes; Umbilical cord derived MSCs (UCMSCs)