title: Seroprevalence and Correlates of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Secondary School Children in Enugu, Nigeria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although children comprise a small fraction of the burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, which is a major global health challenge, a significant number of them develop chronic HCV infection and are at risk of its complications.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the current study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of HCV infection in school children in Enugu urban.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional seroepidemiological study involving children aged 10-18 years selected using multistage systematic sampling in Enugu metropolis, Southeast Nigeria. The anti-HCV was tested using a 3(rd) generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 16.0 with the level of significance set at P < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four hundred and twenty children were selected and screened comprising 210 (50.0%) males and females. The seroprevalence of anti-HCV was 4 (1.0%). Three (75%) out of the four positive cases for the anti-HCV were females while one was a male giving a male to female ratio of 0.3-1. Traditional scarifications/tattoos were the putative risk factors observed to be significantly associated with anti-HCV seropositivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has demonstrated an anti-HCV seroprevalence of 1.0% among children aged 10-18 years in Enugu with traditional scarification as the predominant associated risk factor. Proper health education including school health education and promotion of behavioral change among the public on the practice of safe scarifications/tattoos should be encouraged in our setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria.
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Eke
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Ogbodo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.
authors.forename: O M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Ukoha
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria.
authors.forename: V U
authors.initials: VU
authors.lastname: Muoneke
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Ibekwe
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria.
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Ikefuna
keywords: Anti-hepatitis C virus; Children; Prevalence; Risk factors