title: The Incidence and Types of Physical Contact Associated with Body Checking Regulation Experience in 13-14 Year Old Ice Hockey Players.
abstract: Ice hockey has one of the highest sport participation and injury rates in youth in Canada. Body checking (BC) is the predominant mechanism of injury in leagues in which it is permitted. The objectives of this study were to determine whether the incidence and types of physical contact differ for Bantam players (aged 13-14 years) who were exposed to BC at Pee Wee level (aged 11-12 years) in Calgary, Alberta versus Bantam players who were not exposed to BC at Pee Wee level in Québec City, Québec. All teams were exposed to BC at bantam level;
  
  
  
  A cohort study was conducted in Québec City and Calgary. Sixteen games for Calgary and 15 for Québec City were randomly selected and analysed with a validated observation system to quantify five intensities of physical contact and to observe different types of physical contact such as slashing and holding;
  
  
  
  A total of 5610 incidences of physical contact with the trunk and 3429 other types of physical contact were observed. Very light intensity trunk contact was more frequent in Calgary (adjusted incidence RR (ARR): 1.71; 95% CI: 1.28-2.29). Holding (ARR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02-1.07) and slashing (ARR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.07-1.77) were more frequent in Calgary;
  
  
  
  RESULTS suggest that players' physical contacts differ between Bantam leagues in which BC was permitted at Pee Wee level and leagues in which it was not permitted until Bantam level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Laval University, Qu&#233;bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada. claude.goulet@fse.ulaval.ca.
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goulet
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Qu&#233;bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada. to.roy@icloud.com.
authors.forename: Thierry-Olivier
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Laval University, Qu&#233;bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada. luc.nadeau@fse.ulaval.ca.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nadeau
authors.affiliation: Qu&#233;bec Public Health Institute, Qu&#233;bec, QC G1V 5B3, Canada. denis.hamel@inspq.qc.ca.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hamel
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Laval University, Qu&#233;bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada. kristine.fortier@fse.ulaval.ca.
authors.forename: Kristine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fortier
authors.affiliation: Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. caemery@ucalgary.ca.|Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. caemery@ucalgary.ca.|Department of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. caemery@ucalgary.ca.
authors.forename: Carolyn A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Emery
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000416:Alberta; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006688:Hockey / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011792:Quebec; D012926:Social Control, Formal
keywords: athletic injuries; behaviours; body checking; ice hockey; physical contact; prevention