title: Freezing the Nonclassical Crystal Growth of a Coordination Polymer Using Controlled Dynamic Gradients.
abstract: A methodology that can be efficiently used to synthesize, isolate, and study out-of-equilibrium crystal structures employing controlled and diffusion-limited microfluidic environments is demonstrated. Unlike studies conducted with conventional mixing procedures in a flask, it is proven experimentally and with numerical simulations that microfluidic technologies can undoubtedly fine-tune reaction times and reagents concentration profiles; factors that enable out-of-equilibrium crystal forms to be obtained.
authors.affiliation: Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rubio-Martinez
authors.affiliation: Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Inhar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Imaz
authors.affiliation: Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Neus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Domingo
authors.affiliation: Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland.|Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Afshin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abrishamkar
authors.affiliation: Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Tiago Sotto
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Mayor
authors.affiliation: Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
authors.forename: René M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carbonell
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: deMello
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, UK.
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Amabilino
authors.affiliation: Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain. daniel.maspoch@icn2.cat.|Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain. daniel.maspoch@icn2.cat.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maspoch
authors.affiliation: Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland. josep.puigmarti@empa.ch.
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Puigmartí-Luis
keywords: coordination polymers; crystal growth; microfluidics; out-of-equilibrium structures