title: Human herpesvirus 6 and 7 are biomarkers for fatigue, which distinguish between physiological fatigue and pathological fatigue.
abstract: Fatigue reduces productivity and is a risk factor for lifestyle diseases and mental disorders. Everyone experiences physiological fatigue and recovers with rest. Pathological fatigue, however, greatly reduces quality of life and requires therapeutic interventions. It is therefore necessary to distinguish between the two but there has been no biomarker for this. We report on the measurement of salivary human herpesvirus (HHV-) 6 and HHV-7 as biomarkers for quantifying physiological fatigue. They increased with military training and work and rapidly decreased with rest. Our results suggested that macrophage activation and differentiation were necessary for virus reactivation. However, HHV-6 and HHV-7 did not increase in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and major depressive disorder (MDD), which are thought to cause pathological fatigue. Thus, HHV-6 and HHV-7 would be useful biomarkers for distinguishing between physiological and pathological fatigue. Our findings suggest a fundamentally new approach to evaluating fatigue and preventing fatigue-related diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan. Electronic address: ryo-fcb@jikei.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Flight Crew Operations and Technology Unit, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Houston Office, 18050 Saturn Lane, Suite 310, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
authors.forename: Go
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Clinical Center for Fatigue Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Health Science, Faculty of Health Science for Welfare, Kansai University of Welfare Sciences, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirohiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuratsune
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yamadera
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwashita
authors.affiliation: Department of Defense Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tokuno
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nibuya
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanichi
authors.affiliation: Military Medicine Research Unit, Test and Evaluation Command, Japan Ground Self Defense Force, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mukai
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Self-Defense Force Central Hospital, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mitani
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakayama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D015673:Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology*; D015654:Herpesvirus 6, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016199:Herpesvirus 7, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012463:Saliva / Q000821:virology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019562:Viral Load / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Chronic fatigue syndrome; Fatigue; HHV-6; HHV-7; Major depressive disorder; Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome