title: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a review of the current literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the current literature on the use of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO₂) therapy in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH).
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched PubMed, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), EMBASE, Web of Science, Academic Search Complete, CINAHL and MEDLINE through April 2015. We hand-searched relevant textbooks, conference proceedings and the reference lists of review articles and clinical studies
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trials (RCT) and observational studies (cohort study, case-control study, case series) that reported the outcome of patients who received HBO₂therapy for ONFH were included. Only English-language articles were included. Study quality was not used as an exclusion criterion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two authors independently assessed trials for inclusion, extracted data and presented to other authors. Disagreements were resolved by consensus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified eight clinical studies; two randomized controlled trials (RCTs); one historically controlled study; and five case series. The majority of the studies were small-scale, heterogeneous and methodologically weak. In four of the studies HBO₂therapy was combined with other treatment modalities, making it impossible to draw firm conclusions on the specific effects of HBO₂therapy. Hip survivorship in studies wherein HBO₂therapy was used alone was 95.5% in Steinberg Stage I lesions, 89% in Steinberg Stage II lesions and 100% in Ficat Stage II lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a room for HBO₂therapy in the management ONFH. Further RCTs, however, are required to better elucidate the role of HBO₂therapy in the treatment of ONFH.
authors.forename: Gunalp
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Uzun
authors.forename: Mesut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mutluoglu
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ersen
authors.forename: Senol
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yildiz
mesh_terms: D005271:Femur Head Necrosis / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation