title: Glutamate-Like Neurons in the Turtle Brain.
abstract: Glutamate acts as the excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and is mediated largely by the vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs). The objective of the study was to determine the distribution of VGLUT2 mRNA in the turtle brain by in situ hybridization. Intense expression was observed in the olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, nucleus dorsomedialis thalami, nucleus dorsolateralis thalami, dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, nucleus reuniens and nucleus periventricularis hypothalami. Moderate expression was noticed in the nucleus rotundus, area lateralis hypothalami, reticular nucleus, cerebellar nucleus and nucleus cochlearis. In conclusion, this study reveals many glutamatergic neurons in the turtle brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Hussan
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Atoji
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism; D005829:Geniculate Bodies / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D020645:Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D020644:Midline Thalamic Nuclei / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D014426:Turtles / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D050599:Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D050599:Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2; D018698:Glutamic Acid