title: Multiplex crack smoking and sexual networks: associations between network members' incarceration and HIV risks among high-risk MSM.
abstract: This study examined HIV risks in the multiplex crack-smoking and sexual networks of incarcerated drug-using men who have sex with men (MSM) and their associates. We estimated the associations between the network members' incarceration, self-reported HIV infection, and trading sex for money. Our analytic sample consisted of 508 crack-smoking or sexual partnerships of 273 high-risk MSM. Network members were specified by (1) crack smoking and sexual behavior or (2) crack smoking only. Longer incarceration of the crack-smoking and sexual network members was associated with self-reported HIV infection (AOR = 1.61, p < 0.05), which extended up to one's partners' partners' partners (AOR = 1.63, p < 0.05). Similar results were found for trading sex (AOR = 2.77, p < 0.05). The findings of the study call for the development of a system-level HIV intervention among former incarcerated MSM and their associates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, UCT 2514, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. Kayo.Fujimoto@uth.tmc.edu.
authors.forename: Kayo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Ju Yeong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Program in Human Sexuality, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, 180 West Bank Office Building, 1300 S Second St, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA.
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy and Management in the Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199-2516, USA.
authors.forename: Mark L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015984:Causality; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012309:Risk-Taking; D057566:Self Report; D012747:Sexual Partners; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Criminal justice involvement; HIV STI/infection; HIV transmission networks; Men who have sex with men; Network proximity; Social network analysis; Three degrees of influence