title: Effects of trans-2-hexenal on reproduction, growth and behaviour and efficacy against the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a serious quarantined pest that causes severe damage and major economic losses to pine forests. Because of the adverse effects of some traditional nematicides on humans and the environment, the search for new plant toxicants against these nematodes has intensified. Nematicidal activity of trans-2-hexenal, which is a six-carbon aldehyde present in many plants, was tested against the nematode.
  
  
  RESULTS
  trans-2-Hexenal showed significant efficacy against B. xylophilus in a dose range of 349.5-699 g m-3by fumigation of pinewood logs. Additionally, it had significant nematicidal activity against different life stages of B. xylophilus in an in vitro test, with second-stage larvae (L2s) being the most sensitive, with an LC50value of 9.87 µg mL-1at 48 h. Egg hatch was also significantly inhibited. Further studies revealed that trans-2-hexenal inhibited the reproductive activity of B. xylophilus, with negative effects on reproduction rate and egg numbers. Moreover, trans-2-hexenal reduced the body length of B. xylophilus. Respiratory rate and thrashing behaviour of B. xylophilus also decreased following treatment with this compound.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  trans-2-Hexenal had significant nematicidal activity against B. xylophilus, providing a basis for elucidation of the mode of action of trans-2-hexenal against plant-parasitic nematodes in future studies. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Shuangyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Chunmei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Hongbao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Zhengqun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Daxia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005651:Fumigation; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D010058:Oviposition / Q000187:drug effects; D028223:Pinus / Q000469:parasitology; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D017187:Tylenchida / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; C051750:2-hexenal
keywords: Bursaphelenchus xylophilus; behaviour; growth and development; nematicidal activity; reproduction activity; trans-2-hexenal