title: Feral swine virome is dominated by single-stranded DNA viruses and contains a novel Orthopneumovirus which circulates both in feral and domestic swine.
abstract: Feral swine are known reservoirs for various pathogens that can adversely affect domestic animals. To assess the viral ecology of feral swine in the USA, metagenomic sequencing was performed on 100 pooled nasal swabs. The virome was dominated by small, ssDNA viruses belonging to the families Circoviridae, Anelloviridae and Parvovirinae. Only four RNA viruses were identified: porcine kobuvirus, porcine sapelovirus, atypical porcine pestivirus and a novel Orthopneumovirus, provisionally named swine orthopneumovirus (SOV). SOV shared ~90 % nucleotide identity to murine pneumonia virus (MPV) and canine pneumovirus. A modified, commercially available ELISA for MPV found that approximately 30 % of both feral and domestic swine sera were positive for antibodies cross-reactive with MPV. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR identified two (2 %) and four (5.0 %) positive nasal swab pools from feral and domestic swine, respectively, confirming that SOV circulates in both herds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66549, USA.|Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66549, USA.
authors.forename: Ben M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Hause
authors.affiliation: Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66549, USA.
authors.forename: Aiswaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Padmanabhan
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA.
authors.forename: Kerri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gidlewski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D044822:Biodiversity; D056186:Metagenomics; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000821:virology; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000821:virology*; D014481:United States; D014780:Viruses / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral