title: Effects of oxygenated or hydrogenated water on growth performance, blood parameters, and antioxidant enzyme activity of broiler chickens.
abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of providing oxygenated and hydrogenated water on the growth performance, blood biochemical parameters, and immunoglobulin concentrations and antioxidant enzyme activity of broiler chickens. In our investigation, 144 Ross × Ross broiler chicks were randomly allotted to three different treatment groups with four replicates (treatment × replicate × bird = 3 × 4 × 12). All chicks were given one of the following types of water for five weeks: tap water (CON), hydrogenated water (HNW), and oxygenated water (ONW). ONW supplementation increased the final body weight and weight gain and also improved both feed intake and feed conversion of broiler chickens as compared to those of CON broiler chickens (P < 0.05). The abdominal fat and its ratio to the final body weight showed that fat accumulation in the broiler chicken abdomen was reduced when broiler chickens drank only ONW for five weeks (P < 0.05). ONW supplementation improved blood parameters, including triacylglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Additionally, in accordance with a globulin increase in broiler chickens, both IgG and IgM generation were significantly enhanced when ONW was supplied to broiler chickens (P < 0.05) but only a numerical advance was observed in the HNW group (P > 0.05). Both oxygenated and hydrogenated water supplementation significantly improved the antioxidant effects (P < 0.05), and it seems that superoxide dismutase refinement was completed due to oxygen and/or hydrogen enhancement of drinking water. These results indicate that oxygen enhancement of drinking water may be recommended to improve growth performance by increasing immunoglobulins mainly IgG and IgM.
authors.affiliation: Berry & Bio Food Research Institute, Gochang 585-943, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: E S R
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Poultry Science Division, Cheonan, 331-801, Korea.
authors.forename: H-T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Shim
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002645:Chickens / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D006865:Hydrogenation; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D060766:Drinking Water; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: broiler chicken; growth performance; hydrogenated water; immune parameter; oxygenated water