title: Oral CoQ10 attenuates high salt-induced hypertension by restoring neurotransmitters and cytokines in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.
abstract: High salt intake leads to an increase in some proinflammatory cytokines and neurotransmitters involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The purpose of this work was to know if oral administration of anti-oxidant and free-radical scavenger CoQ10 may attenuate high salt-induced hypertension via regulating neurotransmitters and cytokines in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed with a normal salt diet (NS, 0.3% NaCl) or a high salt diet (HS, 8% NaCl) for 15 weeks to induce hypertension. These rats received CoQ10 (10 mg/kg/day) dissolved in olive oil was given by gavage (10 mg/kg/day) for 15 weeks. HS resulted in higher mean arterial pressure (MAP) and the sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA). These HS rats had higher PVN levels of norepinephrine (NE), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), interleukin (IL)-1β, NOX2 and NOX4, lower PVN levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), IL-10, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) and the 67-kDa isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD67), as compared with NS group. CoQ10 supplementation reduced NE, TH, IL-1β, NOX2 and NOX4 in the PVN, and induced IL-10, Cu/Zn-SOD and GAD67 in the PVN. These findings suggest that CoQ10 supplementation restores neurotransmitters and cytokines in the PVN, thereby attenuating high salt-induced hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Li
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Jing
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
authors.forename: Qiu-Yue
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
authors.forename: Wang-Hui
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Yan
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
authors.forename: Zu-Yi
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
authors.forename: Xiu-Fang
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
authors.forename: Kai-Li
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Guo-Qing
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.|Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Lian
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D010286:Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D012492:Salts / Q000633:toxicity; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; C000594089:IL1B protein, rat; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D012492:Salts; D014451:Ubiquinone; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1; C500593:Cybb protein, rat; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; C024989:coenzyme Q10; D009638:Norepinephrine