title: The Clinical Clues of Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis: A Report of 11 Cases and Literature Review.
abstract: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare interstitial lung disease characterized by the abnormal alveolar accumulation of surfactant components. The diagnosis of PAP can be easily missed since it is rare and lacks specific clinical symptoms. It is of great importance to have a better understanding of the crucial clue to clinically diagnose PAP and take PAP into consideration in the differential diagnosis of interstitial pulmonary diseases or other diseases with similar manifestations. Here, we analyze the clinical characteristics of 11 cases of PAP patients in local hospital and review the relevant literature in order to provide more information in diagnosis and management of PAP. In our observation, cyfra21-1 and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) known as tumor markers probably can be useful serum markers for diagnosis of PAP. As for the method of pathologic diagnosis, open-lung biopsy was the gold standard but now it is less required because findings on examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) can help to make the diagnosis. We also have deep experience about when and how to carry out lung lavage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
authors.forename: Qiongya
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5901-3429
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
authors.forename: Bingbin
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7687-7413
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
authors.forename: Nian
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1476-969X
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
authors.forename: Lianmin
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1015-4620
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqiong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5833-931X
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
authors.forename: Chengshui
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4341-0443
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011649:Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies