title: Modeling Human Exposure to Indoor Contaminants: External Source to Body Tissues.
abstract: Information on human indoor exposure is necessary to assess the potential risk to individuals from many chemicals of interest. Dynamic indoor and human physicologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models of the distribution of nonionizing, organic chemical concentrations in indoor environments resulting in delivered tissue doses are developed, described and tested. The Indoor model successfully reproduced independently measured, reported time-dependent air concentrations of chloroform released during showering and of 2-butyoxyethanol following use of a volatile surface cleaner. The Indoor model predictions were also comparable to those from a higher tier consumer model (ConsExpo 4.1) for the surface cleaner scenario. The PBPK model successful reproduced observed chloroform exhaled air concentrations resulting from an inhalation exposure. Fugacity based modeling provided a seamless description of the partitioning, fluxes, accumulation and release of the chemical in indoor media and tissues of the exposed subject. This has the potential to assist in health risk assessments, provided that appropriate physical/chemical property, usage characteristics, and toxicological information are available.
authors.affiliation: Carrousel Environmental Modelling Research , Peterborough, Ontario K9H 0E2 Canada.
authors.forename: Eva M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.affiliation: ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc. , Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Environment and Resource Sciences, Trent University , Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2 Canada.
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mackay
authors.affiliation: Environment and Resource Sciences, Trent University , Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2 Canada.
authors.forename: Rebecca D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.affiliation: Environment and Resource Sciences, Trent University , Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2 Canada.|Freie Universität Berlin , Biodiversity and Ecological Modeling, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Britta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tietjen
authors.affiliation: ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc. , Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States.
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zaleski
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D002725:Chloroform / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals; D002725:Chloroform