title: Inhibitory effect of different fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) samples and their phenolic compounds on formation of advanced glycation products and comparison of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.
abstract: In this study, antioxidant, antibacterial and antiglycation properties of methanolic extracts of 23 fennel samples were evaluated and their major compounds were determined using HPLC analysis. The anti-glycative activity of extracts was evaluated in the bovine serum albumin (BSA)/glucose system. The level of glycation, conformational alterations and protein binding to RAGE receptors were assessed by Congo red binding assay and a brown staining method. Among samples, Kh1 from Iran possessed the highest TFC (14.8mgQUEg(-1)), TPC (262mg/g DW) and antioxidant activity (IC50=76μg/ml). The HPLC results revealed high variation in 23 fennel samples according to their major flavonoid (quercetin, apigenin and rutin) and phenolic (chlorogenic, caffeic and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid) compounds. The antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts against four food-borne pathogens was also assessed. The seed extracts of Kh1 and En samples showed moderate to good inhibitory activities (MICs=62.5-125μg/ml) against three bacteria, as well as high anti-glycative activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156 83111, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salami
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156 83111, Iran. Electronic address: mrahimmalek@cc.iut.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahimmalek
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156 83111, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ehtemam
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047310:Apigenin / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D030001:Foeniculum / Q000737:chemistry*; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007492:Iran; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D011794:Quercetin / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D012431:Rutin / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D002934:Cinnamates; D005419:Flavonoids; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; D012431:Rutin; D047310:Apigenin; C100257:cynarine; D011794:Quercetin; C040048:caffeic acid
keywords: AGEs; Escherichia coli; Fennel; Flavonoid; Phenolic