title: Parotid Gland Biopsy, the Alternative Way to Diagnose Sjögren Syndrome.
abstract: Salivary gland biopsy is a technique broadly applied for the diagnosis of Sjögren syndrome (SS), lymphoma in SS, and connective tissue disorders (sarcoidosis, amyloidosis). In SS characteristic histology findings are found, including lymphocytic infiltration surrounding the excretory ducts in combination with destruction of acinar tissue. In this article the main techniques are described for taking labial and parotid salivary gland biopsies with respect to their advantages, postoperative complications, and usefulness for diagnostic procedures, monitoring disease progression, and evaluation of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: f.k.l.spijkervet@umcg.nl.
authors.forename: Fred K L
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Spijkervet
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Erlin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Haacke
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frans G M
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Kroese
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hendrika
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bootsma
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Arjan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vissink
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D018442:Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000473:pathology*; D010307:Parotid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D012470:Salivary Glands, Minor / Q000473:pathology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Biopsy; Diagnostics; Labial gland; Parotid gland; Salivary gland; Sjögren syndrome