title: Caloric restriction of db/db mice reverts hepatic steatosis and body weight with divergent hepatic metabolism.
abstract: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most frequent causes of liver disease and its prevalence is a serious and growing clinical problem. Caloric restriction (CR) is commonly recommended for improvement of obesity-related diseases such as NAFLD. However, the effects of CR on hepatic metabolism remain unknown. We investigated the effects of CR on metabolic dysfunction in the liver of obese diabetic db/db mice. We found that CR of db/db mice reverted insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, body weight and adiposity to those of db/m mice. (1)H-NMR- and UPLC-QTOF-MS-based metabolite profiling data showed significant metabolic alterations related to lipogenesis, ketogenesis, and inflammation in db/db mice. Moreover, western blot analysis showed that lipogenesis pathway enzymes in the liver of db/db mice were reduced by CR. In addition, CR reversed ketogenesis pathway enzymes and the enhanced autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, collagen deposition and endoplasmic reticulum stress in db/db mice. In particular, hepatic inflammation-related proteins including lipocalin-2 in db/db mice were attenuated by CR. Hepatic metabolomic studies yielded multiple pathological mechanisms of NAFLD. Also, these findings showed that CR has a therapeutic effect by attenuating the deleterious effects of obesity and diabetes-induced multiple complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Eun
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Youngae
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soonki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Miso
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Rok Won
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
authors.forename: Byeong Tak
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dae Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chin-Ok
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Ae
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hwajin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeonghyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seon-Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: C&K Genomics, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Woori
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Do Hyun
authors.initials: do H
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: Tamas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Horvath
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.|Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: Gu Seob
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.affiliation: Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Geum-Sook
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; D007659:Ketones / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D050155:Lipogenesis; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055432:Metabolomics; D051379:Mice; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D007659:Ketones; D014280:Triglycerides; D003094:Collagen