title: Clinical Considerations for Use of Initial Combination Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes.
abstract: Type 2 diabetes is a progressive disorder characterized by increasing hyperglycemia and the need to gradually intensify therapy in order to achieve and maintain glycemic control. Early initiation of combination therapy has been proposed as an approach to achieve glycemic goals earlier and delay the deterioration of glycemic control and with possible better preservation of β-cell function. We discuss in this article the pros and cons of this approach, focusing on individuals with HbA1c at diagnosis of 7.5-9.0%, where difference of opinion still exists on management. Initial combination therapy is proposed to lead to better and faster achievement of glycemic targets versus monotherapy and to impede clinical inertia and may possibly slow the deterioration of β-cell function. However, treating patients with sequential therapy is proposed to allow one to fully assess the efficacy and risk-to-benefit ratio of each drug as it is added. Furthermore, there is no evidence to support that rapid addition and titration of medications according to the glycemic profile achieved are inferior to initial combination therapy if glycemic targets are attained in a timely manner. Initial combination therapy is argued to postpone clinical inertia to the next decision point but does not eliminate it. Additionally, it may have been the agents chosen and not the timing of their initiation that led to improved β-cell function in the studies of initial combination therapy, and there are no data currently comparing use of the same drugs initiated simultaneously or sequentially. Heightened awareness of providers, individualization of therapy and setting, and reaching glycemic targets remain the mainstays of care.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel avivit@hadassah.org.il.
authors.forename: Avivit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cahn
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA.
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Cefalu
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019091:Critical Pathways / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin