title: Hidden risks and benefits of natural enemy-mediated indirect effects.
abstract: Polyphagous natural enemies can mediate a variety of indirect interactions between resource populations. Such indirect interactions are often reciprocally negative (i.e. apparent competition), but the sign of effects between resource populations can be any combination of positive (+), negative (-), or neutral (0). In this article we focus on parasitoids to illustrate the importance of natural enemy-mediated indirect interactions in predicting risk and efficacy in biological control. We review recent findings to illustrate how an improved understanding of parasitoid behavioral ecology may increase model accuracy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA. Electronic address: kaser008@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Joe M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kaser
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Ode
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017753:Ecosystem; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D011157:Population Dynamics; D018570:Risk Assessment