title: Lactobacillus rhamnosus induced epithelial cell apoptosis, ameliorates inflammation and prevents colon cancer development in an animal model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Probiotics have been suggested as prophylactic measure in colon carcinogenesis. This study aimed at determining the potential prophylactic activity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG CGMCC 1.2134 (LGG) strain on colorectal carcinogenesis via measuring its effect on Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) inflammatory pathway and apoptosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  64 Sprague Dawley rats were grouped into four as follows; Group 1 (Healthy control), Group 2 (LGG), Group 3 (cancer control Dimethyl hydrazine (DMH)) and Group 4 (LGG+DMH). LGG was administered orally to LGG and LGG+DMH groups. Colon carcinogenesis was chemically induced in LGG+DMH and DMH groups by weekly injection of 40mg/kg DMH. Animals were sacrificed after 25 weeks of experiment and tumor characteristics assessed. The change in expression of NFκB-p65, COX-2, TNFα, Bcl-2, Bax, iNOS, VEGFα, β-catenin, Casp3 and p53 were evaluated by western blotting and qRT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LGG treatment significantly reduced tumor incidence, multiplicity and volume in LGG+DMH treatment group compared to DMH cancer control group. Also, LGG treatment reduced the expression of β-catenin and the inflammatory proteins NFκB-p65, COX-2 and TNFα; the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, but increased the expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, casp3 and p53 compared with DMH group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LGG have a potential protection effect against colon carcinogenesis; inducing apoptosis and ameliorating inflammation, and may hold a promise as bio-therapeutic dietary agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
authors.forename: Yaser
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gamallat
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
authors.forename: Abdo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meyiah
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
authors.forename: Eugene D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Kuugbee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
authors.forename: Ahmed Musa
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hago
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
authors.forename: Gift
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chiwala
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
authors.forename: Annoor
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Awadasseid
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
authors.forename: Djibril
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bamba
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
authors.forename: Xueqi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.affiliation: Department of Acute abdominal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, China. Electronic address: fuwenluo@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Fuwen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China. Electronic address: jimxin@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000473:pathology*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology*; D052201:Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Q000502:physiology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D047368:Tumor Burden
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Apoptosis; Colon cancer; Inflammation; Lactobacillus