title: Hydrophilic Ionic Liquids as Ingredients of Gel-Based Dermal Formulations.
abstract: Ionic liquids (ILs) have several properties that offer many advantages in dermal drug delivery systems. Depending on the chemical structure, ILs can be used for protection against microorganisms, to enhance skin penetration, and as a solvent. In the present work, SEPINEO™ P 600 formulations and hydroxyethylcellulose gels containing the hydrophilic ILs hexylpyridinium chloride, choline dihydrogen phosphate, and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate were prepared, and the influence of the ILs on the formulation properties was evaluated. ILs were successfully incorporated into the emulsion structure, resulting in stable formulations. The antimicrobial activity of the ILs was estimated. The minimal inhibitory concentration values for hexylpyridinium chloride are about 2.5 mg/mL. The other two ILs have no antimicrobial activity. Skin penetration enhancement of caffeine, a hydrophilic model substance, was observed in the presence of hexylpyridinium chloride.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen-University of Applied Sciences, Wiesenstr. 14, 35390, Giessen, Germany. Dorota.Dobler@kmub.thm.de.
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dobler
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen-University of Applied Sciences, Wiesenstr. 14, 35390, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schmidts
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen-University of Applied Sciences, Wiesenstr. 14, 35390, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zinecker
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen-University of Applied Sciences, Wiesenstr. 14, 35390, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Peggy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schlupp
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen-University of Applied Sciences, Wiesenstr. 14, 35390, Giessen, Germany. Frank.Runkel@kmub.thm.de.|Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany. Frank.Runkel@kmub.thm.de.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Runkel
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D004655:Emulsions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D005782:Gels / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D007477:Ions / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D005782:Gels; D007093:Imidazoles; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D007477:Ions; D012997:Solvents; C518739:1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium
keywords: antimicrobial activity; emulsion; ionic liquids; skin penetration enhancement; surface-active agent