title: Comparison of different extraction methods and HPLC quantification of prenylated and unprenylated phenylpropanoids in raw Italian propolis.
abstract: In this paper the presence of selected prenylated and unprenylated phenylpropanoids, namely ferulic acid 1, boropinic acid 2, 4'-geranyloxyferulic acid 3, umbelliferone 4, 7-isopentenyloxycoumarin 5, and auraptene 6, have been determined in Italian raw propolis after having been extracted with different methodologies. An aqueous solution of β-cyclodextrin was the best extraction method for ferulic acid 1, treatment with indifferently EtOH or aqueous β-cyclodextrin were the most effective one for umbelliferone 4, boropinic acid 2 gave the best yields either with H2O/β-cyclodextrin or olive oil treatment or in biphasic systems, maceration with biphasic mixtures of aqueous β-cyclodextrin and olive oil was seen to be the most effective procedure for 7-isopentenyloxycoumarin 5, the only method providing significant quantities of 4'-geranyloxyferulic acid 3 was the maceration of raw propolis with olive oil, and finally auraptene 4 was best extracted with absolute EtOH. "Classic" maceration in general performed better than ultrasound-assisted one.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy.
authors.forename: Vito Alessandro
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Taddeo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Epifano
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy.
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fiorito
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy. Electronic address: s.genovese@unich.it.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Genovese
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D003374:Coumarins / Q000737:chemistry; D007558:Italy; D020005:Propanols / Q000737:chemistry*; D011429:Propolis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014468:Umbelliferones / Q000737:chemistry; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C552732:4'-geranyloxyferulic acid; C461443:7-isopentenyloxycoumarin; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D003374:Coumarins; D020005:Propanols; D014468:Umbelliferones; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; C439395:1-phenylpropanol; C031477:7-hydroxycoumarin; D011429:Propolis; C004999:ferulic acid; C105832:aurapten
keywords: 4′-Geranyloxyferulic acid; Auraptene; Boropinic acid; Ferulic acid; Propolis; Umbelliferone