title: Synergistic toxicity of zno nanoparticles and dimethoate in mice: Enhancing their biodistribution by synergistic binding of serum albumin and dimethoate to zno nanoparticles.
abstract: The extensive applications of ZnO nanoparticles (nano ZnO) and dimethoate (DM) have increased the risk of humans' co-exposure to nano ZnO and DM. Here, we report the synergistic effect of nano ZnO and DM on their biodistribution and subacute toxicity in mice. Nano ZnO and DM had a synergistic toxicity in mice. In contrast, bulk ZnO and DM did not cause an obvious synergistic toxicity in mice. Although nano ZnO was low toxic to mice, coexposure to nano ZnO and DM significantly enhanced DM-induced oxidative damage in the liver. Coadministration of nano ZnO with DM significantly increased Zn accumulation by 30.9 ± 1.9% and DM accumulation by 45.6 ± 2.2% in the liver, respectively. The increased accumulations of DM and Zn in the liver reduced its cholinesterase activity from 5.65 ± 0.32 to 4.37 ± 0.49 U/mg protein and induced hepatic oxidative stress. Nano ZnO had 3-fold or 2.4-fold higher binding capability for serum albumin or DM, respectively, than bulk ZnO. In addition, serum albumin significantly increased the binding capability of nano ZnO for DM by approximately four times via the interaction of serum albumin and DM. The uptake of serum albumin- and DM-bound nano ZnO by the macrophages significantly increased DM accumulation in mice. Serum albumins play an important role in the synergistic toxicity of nano ZnO and DM. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1202-1212, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xincheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaolong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mingchun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shasha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shanshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000378:metabolism; D004117:Dimethoate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011485:Protein Binding; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D002802:Cholinesterases; D015034:Zinc Oxide; D004117:Dimethoate
keywords: ZnO nanoparticles; dimethoate; oxidative stress; serum albumin; synergistic toxicity