title: Changes in autofluorescence based organoid model of muscle invasive urinary bladder cancer.
abstract: Muscle invasive urinary bladder cancer is one of the most lethal cancers and its detection at the time of transurethral resection remains limited and diagnostic methods are urgently needed. We have developed a muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) model of the bladder using porcine bladder scaffold and the human bladder cancer cell line 5637. The progression of implanted cancer cells to muscle invasion can be monitored by measuring changes in the spectrum of endogenous fluorophores such as reduced nicotinamide dinucleotide (NADH) and flavins. We believe this could act as a useful tool for the study of fluorescence dynamics of developing muscle invasive bladder cancer in patients. Published by The Optical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.
authors.affiliation: Division of Imaging and Technology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, James Arrott Drive, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.affiliation: Optoelectronics and Biomedical Photonics Group, Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Litvinova
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Photonics Instrumentation Group, Scientific-Educational Centre of "Biomedical Engineering," State University - Education-Science-Production Complex, Oryol, 302020, Russia.
authors.forename: Andrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dunaev
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, James Arrott Drive, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
authors.forename: Stewart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.affiliation: Division of Electronic Engineering and Physics, Ewing Building, University of Dundee, Nethergate, Dundee, DD14HN, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McGloin
authors.affiliation: Division of Imaging and Technology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, James Arrott Drive, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
authors.forename: Ghulam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nabi
keywords: (000.1430) Biology and medicine; (170.6510) Spectroscopy, tissue diagnostics