title: Modified supine versus prone percutaneous nephrolithotomy: Surgical outcomes from a tertiary teaching hospital.
abstract: The traditional prone positioning of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is associated with various anesthetic and logistic difficulties. We aimed to compare the surgical outcomes of PCNLs performed using our modified supine position with those performed in the standard prone position.
  
  
  
  A prospective group of 236 renal units (224 patients) undergoing PCNL were included in this 2 site study: 160 were performed in the modified supine position were compared with 76 undergoing PCNL in the prone position. The outcomes of radiation dose, radiation time, stone free rate, body mass index (BMI), stone size, operative time, length of stay (LOS), in hospital and complications were compared. Chi-square and t-tests were used.
  
  
  
  There were no significant differences in mean radiation time, radiation dose or stone size between the modified supine and prone groups. The supine group had a higher mean BMI (31 kg/m(2) vs. 28 kg/m(2), p=0.03), shorter mean surgical time (93 minutes vs. 123 minutes, p<0.001), shorter mean LOS (2 days vs. 3 days, p=0.005) and higher stone free rate (70% vs. 50%, p=0.005). There were no differences in septic or bleeding complications but the prone group had a higher rate of overall complications.
  
  
  
  Modified supine PCNL has significantly lower operative time, shorter LOS and higher stone-free rate compared with prone in our series, while remaining a safe procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Madeleine Nina
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Monash Health, Casey Hospital, Berwick, Australia.
authors.forename: Weranja
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ranasinghe
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Monash Health, Casey Hospital, Berwick, Australia.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Monash Health, Casey Hospital, Berwick, Australia.
authors.forename: Bradley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Newell
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Monash Health, Casey Hospital, Berwick, Australia.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Monash Health, Casey Hospital, Berwick, Australia.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Monash Health, Casey Hospital, Berwick, Australia.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kourambas
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Monash Health, Casey Hospital, Berwick, Australia.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McCahy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000074642:Nephrolithotomy, Percutaneous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D061646:Operative Time; D056888:Patient Positioning / Q000379:methods*; D016684:Prone Position; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011859:Radiography; D016683:Supine Position; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Kidney calculi; Percutaneous nephrostomy; Prone position; Supine position; Treatment outcomes