title: Cross-Phenotype Polygenic Risk Score Analysis of Persistent Post-Concussive Symptoms in U.S. Army Soldiers with Deployment-Acquired Traumatic Brain Injury.
abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) contributes to the increased rates of suicide and post-traumatic stress disorder in military personnel and veterans, and it is also associated with the risk for neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. A cross-phenotype high-resolution polygenic risk score (PRS) analysis of persistent post-concussive symptoms (PCS) was conducted in 845 U.S. Army soldiers who sustained TBI during their deployment. We used a prospective longitudinal survey of three brigade combat teams to assess deployment-acquired TBI and persistent physical, cognitive, and emotional PCS. PRS was derived from summary statistics of large genome-wide association studies of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder (MDD); and for years of schooling, college completion, childhood intelligence, infant head circumference (IHC), and adult intracranial volume. Although our study had more than 95% of statistical power to detect moderate-to-large effect sizes, no association was observed with neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, suggesting that persistent PCS does not share genetic components with these traits to a moderate-to-large degree. We observed a significant finding: subjects with high IHC PRS recovered better from cognitive/emotional persistent PCS than the other individuals (R2= 1.11%; p = 3.37 × 10-3). Enrichment analysis identified two significant Gene Ontology (GO) terms related to this result: GO:0050839∼Cell adhesion molecule binding (p = 8.9 × 10-6) and GO:0050905∼Neuromuscular process (p = 9.8 × 10-5). In summary, our study indicated that the genetic predisposition to persistent PCS after TBI does not have substantial overlap with neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, but mechanisms related to early brain growth may be involved.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center , West Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Polimanti
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Chia-Yen
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: 3 Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ursano
authors.affiliation: 4 Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Steven G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Heeringa
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California , La Jolla, California.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: 6 Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Ronald C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.affiliation: 7 Department of Psychology, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Matthew K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Nock
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Jordan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Smoller
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California , La Jolla, California.
authors.forename: Xiaoying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: 8 Departments of Psychiatry, Genetics, and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center , West Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gelernter
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California , La Jolla, California.|9 Department of Psychiatry, University of California , La Jolla, California.|10 VA San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, California.
authors.forename: Murray B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000235:genetics*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D020412:Multifactorial Inheritance / Q000235:genetics*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D038223:Post-Concussion Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000235:genetics*; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: U.S. Army; brain injury; concussion; genetic correlation; military personnel