title: Plasma matrix metalloproteinase 1 improves the detection and survival prediction of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: This study aimed to identify noninvasive protein markers capable of detecting the presence and prognosis of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC). Analyzing microarray expression data collected from 17-pair ESCC specimens, we identified one protein, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1), as a possibly useful marker. Plasma MMP1 was then measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 210 ESCC patients and 197 healthy controls. ESCC patients had higher mean levels of MMP1 than controls (8.7 ± 7.5 vs. 6.7 ± 4.9 ng/mL, p < 0.0001). Using the highest quartile level (9.67 ng/mL) as cut-off, we found a 9.0-fold risk of ESCC in those with higher plasma MMP1 after adjusting for covariates (95% confidence interval = 2.2, 36.0). Heavy smokers and heavy drinkers with higher plasma MMP1 had 61.4- and 31.0 times the risk, respectively, than non-users with lower MMP1. In the survival analysis, compared to those with MMP1 ≤ 9.67 ng/mL, ESCC patients with MMP1 > 9.67 ng/mL had a 48% increase in the risk of ESCC death (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.04-2.10). In conclusion, plasma MMP1 may serve as a noninvasive marker of detecting the presence and predicting the survival of ESCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Kuei
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.affiliation: Division of Chest Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jui-Ying
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Chest Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shah-Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine &Department of Research, Education &Training, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hung-Shun
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Tsang
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: I-Chen
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D000077277:Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010949:Plasma / Q000737:chemistry*; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: C522360:MMP1 protein, human; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1