title: Enterococcus durans TN-3 Induces Regulatory T Cells and Suppresses the Development of Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Experimental Colitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Probiotic properties of Enterococcus strains have been reported previously. In this study, we investigated the effects of Enterococcus (E.) durans TN-3 on the development of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  BALB/c mice were fed with 4.0% DSS in normal chow. Administration of TN-3 (10mg/day) was initiated 7days before the start of DSS feeding. Mucosal cytokine expression was analyzed by real time-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The lymphocyte subpopulation were analyzed by flow cytometry. The gut microbiota profile was analyzed by a terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism method (T-RFLP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The disease activity index and histological colitis score were significantly lower in the DSS plus TN-3 group than in the DSS group. The mucosal mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A and IFN-γ) decreased significantly in the DSS plus TN-3 group as compared to the DSS group. The proportion of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) in the mucosa increased significantly in the DSS plus TN-3 group as compared to the DSS group. Both fecal butyrate levels and the diversity of fecal microbial community were significantly higher in the TN-3 plus DSS group than in the DSS group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  E. durans TN-3 exerted an inhibitory effect on the development of DSS colitis. This action might be mediated by the induction of Treg cells and the restoration of the diversity of the gut microbiota.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanda
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1288-3272
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imaeda
authors.affiliation: Central Research Laboratories, Nichinichi Pharmaceutical Corporation Ltd., Tominaga, Iga, Mie, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Inatomi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bamba
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsushige
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andoh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002087:Butyrates / Q000737:chemistry; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D016264:Dextran Sulfate / Q000633:toxicity; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002087:Butyrates; D016207:Cytokines; D016264:Dextran Sulfate