title: Neuroprotective effects of Chrysophanol against inflammation in middle cerebral artery occlusion mice.
abstract: Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) involves a cascade of reactions which ultimately lead to neuronal apoptosis or death. Inflammation plays an important role in this cascade. Chrysophanol (CHR), a purified active constituent from rhubarb, possesses many biological activities including anti-inflammation. The present study investigated the long-term neuroprotective effects of CHR on focal ischemic brain injury and the potential mechanism. Mice were subjected to 45-min middle cerebral artery occlusion and received either vehicle or CHR at 0.1, 1 or 10mg/kg for 14days after reperfusion. Neurological function, survival rate, brain tissue loss, expression of pro-inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and nuclear factor-kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65) were then assessed. The results showed that treatment with CHR led to improved survival rate and reduced brain tissue loss compared with vehicle-treated mice, accompanied by improved neurological assessment and motor function, which were sustained for 14days after I/R. I/R-induced expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and NF-κB p65 in neurons was markedly reduced in CHR-treated mice. These results indicate that CHR markedly attenuates brain injury after focal I/R, which is attributed at least in part to its anti-inflammatory actions.
authors.affiliation: Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China. Electronic address: yongmeizhao@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Yongmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yalan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jincheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yunxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Haiping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China. Electronic address: yumin111@ccmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yumin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications*; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000150:complications; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications; D045442:Rotarod Performance Test; D016019:Survival Analysis; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C027113:chrysophanic acid
keywords: Cerebral ischemia; Chrysophanol; Inflammation; Middle cerebral artery occlusion; Nuclear factor-kappa B