title: 25C-NBOMe and 25I-NBOMe metabolite studies in human hepatocytes, in vivo mouse and human urine with high-resolution mass spectrometry.
abstract: 25C-NBOMe and 25I-NBOMe are potent hallucinogenic drugs that recently emerged as new psychoactive substances. To date, a few metabolism studies were conducted for 25I-NBOMe, whereas 25C-NBOMe metabolism data are scarce. Therefore, we investigated the metabolic profile of these compounds in human hepatocytes, an in vivo mouse model and authentic human urine samples from forensic cases. Cryopreserved human hepatocytes were incubated for 3 h with 10 μM 25C-NBOMe and 25I-NBOMe; samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) on an Accucore C18 column with a Thermo QExactive; data analysis was performed with Compound Discoverer software (Thermo Scientific). Mice were administered 1.0 mg drug/kg body weight intraperitoneally, urine was collected for 24 h and analyzed (with or without hydrolysis) by LC-HRMS on an Acquity HSS T3 column with an Agilent 6550 QTOF; data were analyzed manually and with WebMetabase software (Molecular Discovery). Human urine samples were analyzed similarly. In vitro and in vivo results matched well. 25C-NBOMe and 25I-NBOMe were predominantly metabolized by O-demethylation, followed by O-di-demethylation and hydroxylation. All methoxy groups could be demethylated; hydroxylation preferably occurred at the NBOMe ring. Phase I metabolites were extensively conjugated in human urine with glucuronic acid and sulfate. Based on these data and a comparison with synthesized reference standards for potential metabolites, specific and abundant 25C-NBOMe urine targets are 5'-desmethyl 25C-NBOMe, 25C-NBOMe and 5-hydroxy 25C-NBOMe, and for 25I-NBOMe 2' and 5'-desmethyl 25I-NBOMe and hydroxy 25I-NBOMe. These data will help clinical and forensic laboratories to develop analytical methods and to interpret results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine, 58758, Linköping, Sweden.|Division of Drug Research, Department of Medical Health Sciences, Linköping University, 58185, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ariane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wohlfarth
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine, 58758, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine, 58758, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine, 58758, Linköping, Sweden.|Division of Drug Research, Department of Medical Health Sciences, Linköping University, 58185, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Fredrik C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Kugelberg
authors.affiliation: Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
authors.forename: Xingxing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Diao
authors.affiliation: Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carlier
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Xiongyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Konradsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine, 58758, Linköping, Sweden.|Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Josefsson
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
authors.forename: Marilyn A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Huestis
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine, 58758, Linköping, Sweden.|Division of Drug Research, Department of Medical Health Sciences, Linköping University, 58185, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kronstrand
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001596:Benzylamines / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004118:Dimethoxyphenylethylamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D006213:Hallucinogens / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine*; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D001596:Benzylamines; D004118:Dimethoxyphenylethylamine; D006213:Hallucinogens; D010627:Phenethylamines; C554181:2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine; C000601106:2-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-((2-methoxyphenyl)methyl)ethanamine
keywords: 25C-NBOMe; 25I-NBOMe; high-resolution mass spectrometry; metabolism; synthetic hallucinogen