title: Sameerpannag Ras Mixture (SRM) improved neurobehavioral deficits following acute ischemic stroke by attenuating neuroinflammatory response.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cerebral ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and long-term disability worldwide. Unfortunately, due to the failure of most of drugs in clinical trials recently, attentions have moved towards the traditional system of medicines including Ayurveda. In Ayurveda, Sameerpannag Ras (SR) is a mineral and metallic origin based formulation which has been used for the treatment of arthritis and chronic systematic inflammatory disorder. The current study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Sameerpannag Ras Mixture (SRM), on the neurobehavioral dysfunction and associated neuroinflammation, induced by transient Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion (ICAO) in mice model.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, mice were treated with Sameerpannag Ras Mixture (SRM) at the dose of 40mg/kg body weight by oral gavages for 3 and 7days respectively, twice a day, after the induction of ICAO for 90min followed by reperfusion. The efficacy of SRM was examined by scoring neurological behavioral deficit using the standard neurological deficit score (NDS), grip strength and rotarod performance tests at different time intervals of post-ICAO.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Post-ischemic treatment with Sameerpannag Ras Mixture (SRM) at 40mg/kg significantly reduced Neurological Deficit Score and improved the motor coordination at different time intervals post-ICAO. The analysis of RT-qPCR data showed that transient cerebral ischemia could induce the inflammatory response genes in the affected striatal region of ICAO group, as compared to sham group, on day3 and day7 post-ICAO. Interestingly, SRM treatment showed marked improvement in the ischemia-induced neurobehavioral deficits by attenuating ischemia-induced neuroinflammatory response at both gene and protein level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggests that Sameerpannag Ras Mixture (SRM) treatment ameliorates behavioral outcomes after mild ischemia through the suppression of a number of inflammatory response genes involved in neuronal damage. This is the first report of the molecular mechanism underlying the significant neuroprotective action of the Ayurvedic drug, Sameerpannag Ras Mixture (SRM), using a mild stroke in mice model.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Biology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.
authors.forename: Priya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jhelum
authors.affiliation: Chemical Biology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.
authors.forename: Abhipradnya B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Wahul
authors.affiliation: CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.
authors.forename: Avijeet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamle
authors.affiliation: CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.
authors.forename: Sudhir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumawat
authors.affiliation: CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.
authors.forename: Arvind
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceuticals, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali, Chandigarh 500037, India.
authors.forename: Kamlesh Kumar
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Bhutani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceuticals, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali, Chandigarh 500037, India. Electronic address: drsmtripathi5@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shailendra Mani
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.affiliation: Chemical Biology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India. Electronic address: sumana98@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sumana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chakravarty
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000188:drug therapy; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008515:Medicine, Ayurvedic; D051379:Mice; D008903:Minerals / Q000494:pharmacology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy*; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D008903:Minerals; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D028321:Plant Preparations
keywords: Grip strength test; Internal carotid artery occlusion (ICAO); Neuroinflammation; Neurological deficit score (NDS); Rotarod performance test