title: Antimicrobial Activity of Scabiosa arenaria Forssk. Extracts and Pure Compounds Using Bioguided Fractionation.
abstract: The emergence of multidrug resistant pathogens threatened the clinical efficacy of many existing antibiotics. This situation has been recognized globally as a serious concern and justifies further research to discover antimicrobial agents from natural origins including plant extracts. The aim of our work was to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of Scabiosa arenaria Forssk. extracts and pure compounds using a bioguided fractionation, and try to explain some traditional use of this genus. The best antimicrobial activity-guided fractionation was obtained by BuOH fractions of flowers, fruits and (stems and leaves) against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values from 0.0195 to 5 mg/ml. Escherichia coli was the most affected bug, thus the MIC of fruits BuOH extract showed the best anti-Escherichia coli activity (MIC = 0.0195 mg/ml), followed by the (stems and leaves) and flowers BuOH extracts; MIC = 0.078 and 0.15 mg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, the subfractions obtained from these three mixed fractions showed also an important antimicrobial activity against the three microorganisms, with MIC values between 0.0195 and 0.312 mg/ml. The fractionation of the aerial part BuOH fraction led to the isolation of oleanolic acid (1) and luteolin 7-O-glucopyranoside (2) which are reported here for the first time from S. arenaria. Both compounds showed good antimicrobial activities with MIC values ranging from 170 to 683 μm and 86 to 347 μm, respectively. These results support the use of the Scabiosa genus to inhibit the growth of tested pathogenic bacteria and yeasts which may reduce illnesses associated with their exposure.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biological Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Avenue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia. angelkm2007@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Malek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Besbes Hlila
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioresources, Integrative Biology and Exploiting, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Taher Hadded Avenue, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mosbah
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry, Cell Signaling and Disease, Research Unit, UR 12ES08, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, Avenue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Kaouther
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Majouli
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity, Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue de l'Environnement, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Aymen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ben Nejma
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity, Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue de l'Environnement, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Hichem
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ben Jannet
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biological Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Avenue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Maha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mastouri
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biological Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Avenue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Mahjoub
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aouni
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioresources, Integrative Biology and Exploiting, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Taher Hadded Avenue, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Boulbaba
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Selmi
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001681:Biological Assay; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D049917:Dipsacaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: 
  Scabiosa arenaria
  ; Antimicrobial activities; Flavonoids; Luteolin 7-O-glucopyranoside; Oleanolic acid; Triterpenes