title: Role of thrombin in the pathogenesis of central nervous system inflammatory diseases.
abstract: Thrombin initiates proinflammatory signaling responses through activation of protease-activated receptors (PARs) in in vitro and in vivo systems. Proinflammatory signaling function of thrombin increases secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, triggers vascular permeability, promotes leukocyte migration, and induces adhesion molecule expression. Thrombin as a potent signaling molecule is strongly implicated in a number of proinflammatory disorders including severe sepsis, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and of special interest in this review neurodegenerative disorders. This review summarizes the role of thrombin in the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), promoting greater understanding and clinical management of these diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 482-485, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Safieh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Najme
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jaberi
authors.affiliation: Molecular Medicine Group, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.|Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: Mikhail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ryzhikov
authors.affiliation: Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Keramati
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.|Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Parizadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.|Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri.|Microanatomy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Mahdi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hassanian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013917:Thrombin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D013917:Thrombin