title: Early Menarche and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus at First Live Birth.
abstract: To examine the association between early menarche and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
  
  
  
  Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2012 were used to investigate the association between age at menarche and the risk of GDM at first birth among 5914 women. A growth mixture model was used to detect distinctive menarche onset patterns based on self-reported age at menarche. Logistic regression models were then used to examine the associations between menarche initiation patterns and GDM after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, family history of diabetes mellitus, lifetime greatest Body Mass Index, smoking status, and physical activity level.
  
  
  
  Among the 5914 first-time mothers, 3.4 % had self-reported GDM. We detected three groups with heterogeneous menarche onset patterns, the Early, Normal, and Late Menarche Groups. The regression model shows that compared to the Normal Menarche Group, the Early Menarche Group had 1.75 (95 % CI 1.10, 2.79) times the odds of having GDM. No statistically significant difference was observed between the Normal and the Late Menarche Group.
  
  
  
  This study suggests that early menarche may be a risk factor of GDM. Future studies are warranted to examine and confirm this finding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 205A SRPH Administration Building; MS 1266, 212 Adriance Lab Road, College Station, TX, 77843-1266, USA.
authors.forename: Brandie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: D Taylor
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Haidong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 205A SRPH Administration Building; MS 1266, 212 Adriance Lab Road, College Station, TX, 77843-1266, USA. xiaohui.xu@sph.tamhsc.edu.
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001722:Birth Order; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008572:Menarche / Q000502:physiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D036801:Parturition / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus; Menarche; NHANES