title: Schistosoma mansoni Tegument (Smteg) Induces IL-10 and Modulates Experimental Airway Inflammation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have demonstrated that S. mansoni infection and inoculation of the parasite eggs and antigens are able to modulate airways inflammation induced by OVA in mice. This modulation was associated to an enhanced production of interleukin-10 and to an increased number of regulatory T cells. The S. mansoni schistosomulum is the first stage to come into contact with the host immune system and its tegument represents the host-parasite interface. The schistosomula tegument (Smteg) has never been studied in the context of modulation of inflammatory disorders, although immune evasion mechanisms take place in this phase of infection to guarantee the persistence of the parasite in the host.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the Smteg ability to modulate inflammation in an experimental airway inflammation model induced by OVA and to characterize the immune factors involved in this modulation. To achieve the objective, BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and then challenged with OVA aerosol after Smteg intraperitoneal inoculation. Protein extravasation and inflammatory cells were assessed in bronchoalveolar lavage and IgE levels were measured in serum. Additionally, lungs were excised for histopathological analyses, cytokine measurement and characterization of the cell populations. Inoculation with Smteg led to a reduction in the protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and eosinophils in both BAL and lung tissue. In the lung tissue there was a reduction in inflammatory cells and collagen deposition as well as in IL-5, IL-13, IL-25 and CCL11 levels. Additionally, a decrease in specific anti-OVA IgE levels was observed. The reduction observed in these inflammatory parameters was associated with increased levels of IL-10 in lung tissues. Furthermore, Smteg/asthma mice showed high percentage of CD11b+F4/80+IL-10+ and CD11c+CD11b+IL-10+ cells in lungs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, these findings demonstrate that S. mansoni schistosomula tegument can modulates experimental airway inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fábio Vitarelli
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Marinho
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia Parasitária, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Clarice Carvalho
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia Parasitária, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sara C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia Parasitária, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cintia M G
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Patologia, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Geovanni D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Cassali
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil.|Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), CNPq MCT, Salvador-BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sergio C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia Parasitária, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucila G G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Pacifico
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia Parasitária, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil.|Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), CNPq MCT, Salvador-BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Fonseca
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000009:adverse effects; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni; D012555:Schistosomiasis mansoni / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000909:Antibodies, Helminth; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D010047:Ovalbumin