title: Hydroxyalkylation of phenol to bisphenol F over heteropolyacid catalysts: The effect of catalyst acid strength on isomer distribution and kinetics.
abstract: Hydroxyalkylation of phenol with formaldehyde to bisphenol F over heteropolyacid impregnated on clay was investigated. These catalysts displayed excellent catalytic performance for this reaction, especially that the effects of acid sites on the isomer distribution are obvious. Various solid catalysts were prepared by impregnating heteropolyacid on different kind of clay matrices, and their chemical compositions, textural properties, and acid strength of the heteropolyacid catalysts were characterized by EDX, BET, NH3-TPD, XRD, and FT-IR. Moreover, the effects of acid sites and reaction temperature on the yield and 4,4'-isomer distribution were launched by comparing the data obtained from the two kinds of catalysts. Furthermore, the kinetics of the hydroxyalkylation of phenol to BPF was established.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
authors.forename: Xianzhang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China. Electronic address: liuyutang@126.com.
authors.forename: Yutang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
authors.forename: Longlu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
authors.forename: Yanbing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China. Electronic address: xnxia@hnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xinnian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xia
keywords: 12-Phosphotungstic acid; Bisphenol F; Clay; Kinetics; Solid acid catalyst