title: Effect of stress hyperglycemia and intensive rehabilitation therapy in non-diabetic hemorrhagic stroke: Korean Stroke Cohort for Functioning and Rehabilitation.
abstract: We investigated the effect of stress hyperglycemia on the functional outcomes of non-diabetic hemorrhagic stroke. In addition, we investigated the usefulness of intensive rehabilitation for improving functional outcomes in patients with stress hyperglycemia.
  
  
  
  Non-diabetic hemorrhagic stroke patients were recruited and divided into two groups: intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) (n = 165) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) (n = 156). Each group was divided into non-diabetics with or without stress hyperglycemia. Functional assessments were performed at 7 days and 3, 6 and 12 months after stroke onset. The non-diabetic with stress hyperglycemia groups were again divided into two groups who either received or did not receive intensive rehabilitation treatment. Serial functional outcome was compared between groups.
  
  
  
  For the ICH group, patients with stress hyperglycemia had worse modified Rankin Scale, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Functional Ambulatory Category and Korean Mini-Mental State Examination scores than patients without stress hyperglycemia. For the SAH group, patients with stress hyperglycemia had worse scores on all functional assessments than patients without stress hyperglycemia at all time-points. After intensive rehabilitation treatment of patients with stress hyperglycemia, the ICH group had better scores on Functional Ambulatory Category and the SAH group had better scores on all functional assessments than patients without intensive rehabilitation treatment.
  
  
  
  Stress hyperglycemia affects the long-term prognosis of non-diabetic hemorrhagic stroke patients. Among stress hyperglycemia patients, intensive rehabilitation can enhance functional improvement after stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea.|Research Institute of Convergence for Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University, Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: S-G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung-pook National University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Y-S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jeju University Hospital, University of Jeju College of Medicine, Jeju, Korea.
authors.forename: E Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea.
authors.forename: G-J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Research and Statistical Support, Research Institute of Convergence for Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea.|Research Institute of Convergence for Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University, Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea. rmshin@pusan.ac.kr.|Research Institute of Convergence for Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University, Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea. rmshin@pusan.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Y-I
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. yunkim@skku.edu.
authors.forename: Y-H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: cohort study; functional recovery; hemorrhage; hyperglycemia; rehabilitation