title: Pre-Bötzinger complex: Generation and modulation of respiratory rhythm.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In mammals, the preBötzinger complex (preBötC) is a bilateral and symmetrical neural network located in the brainstem which is essential for the generation and modulation of respiratory rhythm. There are few human studies about the preBötC and, its relationship with neurological diseases has not been described. However, the importance of the preBötC in neural control of breathing and its potential participation in neurological diseases in humans, has been suggested based on pharmacological manipulation and lesion of the preBötC in animal models, both in vivo and in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this review, we describe the effects of some drugs on the inspiratory activity in vitro in a transverse slice that contains the preBötC, as well as some in vivo experiments. Drugs were classified according to their effects on the main neurotransmitter systems and their importance as stimulators or inhibitors of preBötC activity and therefore for the generation of the respiratory rhythm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical neurologists will find this information relevant to understanding how the central nervous system generates the respiratory rhythm and may also relate this information to the findings made in daily practice.
authors.affiliation: Doctorado en Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa de Enríquez, Veracruz, México.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Doctorado en Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa de Enríquez, Veracruz, México.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Dirección General de Investigaciones, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa de Enríquez, Veracruz, México.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: López-Meraz
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Dirección General de Investigaciones, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa de Enríquez, Veracruz, México.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Beltran-Parrazal
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Dirección General de Investigaciones, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa de Enríquez, Veracruz, México. Electronic address: comorgado@uv.mx.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morgado-Valle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects
keywords: Breathing; Complejo pre-Bötzinger; Control neural de la respiración; Generación del ritmo respiratorio; In vitro; NK1R; Neural control of breathing; Respiración; Respiratory rhythm generation; preBötzinger complex