title: Decline in Child Hospitalization and Mortality After the Introduction of the 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugative Vaccine in Rwanda.
abstract: Pneumonia is a public health problem in the tropics, and the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugative vaccine (PCV-7) has been introduced in an effort to prevent the disease and therefore reduce childhood mortality. In Rwanda, PCV-7 was introduced in 2009, and we aimed to determine its impact on the rate of child hospitalization/mortality due to pneumonia. A retrospective survey was conducted on hospitalization rates and pediatric deaths between two periods, that is, before the introduction of PCV-7 (2007-2009) and after the introduction of PCV-7 (2010-2013) in Kabutare District Hospital. There was a 53% reduction in hospitalization, with a significant decline in in-hospital deaths between the two periods. There was also a significant correlation between vaccination coverage and decline in hospitalization rates between 2009 and 2013. We conclude that PCV-7 vaccine is associated with significant reduction in the rate of child hospitalization and mortality but more mechanistic studies are warranted to determine the immunological impact, especially in the context of coinfections and malnutrition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.
authors.forename: Janvier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rurangwa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda. nrujeni@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rujeni
mesh_terms: D046688:Child Mortality; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008589:Meningococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012432:Rwanda / Q000453:epidemiology; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate
chemical_list: D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate