title: The effect of storage on ammonia, cytokine, and chemokine concentrations in feline whole blood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if the concentrations of ammonia and inflammatory mediators in feline stored whole blood (SWB) increase with duration of storage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective ex vivo study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University Teaching Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen cats, recruited from the hospital feline donor pool, deemed healthy based on the predonation donor screening process.
  
  
  METHODS
  One unit (30 mL) of whole blood was collected from 13 unique blood donor cats, anticoagulated with citrate-phosphate-dextrose, and stored at 4°C. Concentrations of ammonia, interleukin (IL) 6, and IL-10 were measured in 5 units weekly for 4 weeks. Presence of chemokine ligand (CXCL) 8 was measured weekly in 8 other units in the same manner.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ammonia concentration increased nonlinearly with duration of storage, from a median of 48 μmol/L (range 25-74 μmol/L) on day 0 and 417 μmol/L (324-457 μmol/L) on day 28. IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations were below the lower limits of detection of the assay used (IL-6 < 31.2 pg/mL and IL-10 < 125 pg/mL). CXCL-8 was detected in 4 of 8 SWB units at all time points.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ammonia concentration increases with storage time in feline SWB. The clinical significance of this finding is yet to be determined. The presence of the proinflammatory chemokine CXCL-8 in feline SWB warrants further research to determine whether it can incite an inflammatory response in the recipient. Further research evaluating the epidemiology of transfusion reactions in cats should evaluate the effect of unit age, and should include the possible impact of the presence of CXCL-8.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, 01536.
authors.forename: Katherine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, 01536. Amanda.Abelson@tufts.edu.
authors.forename: Amanda L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Abelson
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, 01536.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Rozanski
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, 01536.
authors.forename: Claire R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Sharp
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001793:Blood Preservation / Q000662:veterinary*; D002415:Cats / Q000097:blood*; D018925:Chemokines / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016753:Interleukin-10; D000641:Ammonia
keywords: CXCL-8; biomarker; inflammation; storage lesion; transfusion