title: American Ginseng Attenuates Colitis-Associated Colon Carcinogenesis in Mice: Impact on Gut Microbiota and Metabolomics.
abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease is a risk factor for colorectal cancer initiation and development. In this study, the effects of American ginseng on chemically induced colitis and colon carcinogenesis were evaluated using an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) mouse model. During the acute phase on day 15, the oral administration of ginseng (15 and 30 mg/kg/day) significantly suppressed AOM/DSS-induced colitis, as demonstrated by the disease activity index and colon tissue histology. During the chronic phase in week 13, AOM/DSS-induced tumor multiplicity was significantly suppressed by ginseng. Ginseng significantly attenuated the increase of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL1α, IL1β, IL6, G-CSF, and GM-CSF. Serum metabolomics data in the PCA plots showed good separation between the AOM/DSS model and ginseng-treated mice, and the most important endogenous metabolite changes were identified. The 16S rRNA data showed that after AOM/DSS, the microbiome community in the model group was obviously changed, and ginseng inhibited these changes. Fecal metabolomics analysis supported these findings. In conclusion, oral ginseng significantly decreased AOM/DSS-induced colitis and colon carcinogenesis by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines and restoring the metabolomics and microbiota profiles accordingly. Selective endogenous small molecules could be used as biomarkers to elucidate the effects of ginseng treatment. Cancer Prev Res; 9(10); 803-11. ©2016 AACR.
authors.affiliation: Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Chong-Zhi
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. School of Life Science and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China.
authors.forename: Chunhao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Chun-Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Tyler
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Calway
authors.affiliation: Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
authors.forename: Yunping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Yunwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Zhiyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau.
authors.forename: Yitao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. cyuan@uchicago.edu.
authors.forename: Chun-Su
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001397:Azoxymethane / Q000633:toxicity; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D016264:Dextran Sulfate / Q000633:toxicity; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics; D051379:Mice; D005894:Panax
chemical_list: D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D001397:Azoxymethane