title: Interleukins 6 and 8 and abdominal fat depots are distinct correlates of lipid moieties in healthy pre- and postmenopausal women.
abstract: Available data associate lipids concentrations in men with body mass index, anabolic steroids, age, and certain cytokines. Data were less clear in women, especially across the full adult lifespan, and when segmented by premenopausal and postmenopausal status.
  
  
  METHODS
  120 healthy women (60 premenopausal and 60 postmenopausal) in Olmsted County, MN, USA, a stable well studied clinical population. Dependent variables: measurements of 10 h fasting high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides.
  
  
  METHODS
  testosterone, estrone, estradiol, 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone, and sex-hormone binding globulin (by mass spectrometry); insulin, glucose, and albumin; abdominal visceral, subcutaneous, and total abdominal fat [abdominal visceral fat, subcutaneous fat, total abdominal fat by computerized tomography scan]; and a panel of cytokines (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Multivariate forward-selection linear-regression analysis was applied constrained to P < 0.01. Lifetime data: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was correlated jointly with age (P < 0.0001, positively), abdominal visceral fat (P < 0.0001, negatively), and interleukin-6 (0.0063, negatively), together explaining 28.1 % of its variance (P = 2.3 × 10-8). Total cholesterol was associated positively with multivariate age only (P = 6.9 × 10-4, 9.3 % of variance). Triglycerides correlated weakly with sex-hormone binding globulin (P = 0.0115), and strongly with abdominal visceral fat (P < 0.0001), and interleukin-6 (P = 0.0016) all positively (P = 1.6 × 10-12, 38.9 % of variance). Non high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol correlated positively with both total abdominal fat and interleukin-8 (P = 2.0 × 10-5, 16.9 % of variance; and P = 0.0031, 9.4 % of variance, respectively). Premenopausal vs. postmenopausal comparisons identified specific relationships that were stronger in premenopausal than postmenopausal individuals, and vice versa. Age was a stronger correlate of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; interleukin-6 of triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein; and both sex-hormone binding globulin and total abdominal fat of non high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in premenopausal than postmenopausal women. Conversely, sex-hormone binding globulin, abdominal visceral fat, interleukin-8, adiponectin were stronger correlates of triglycerides; abdominal visceral fat, and testosterone of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; and age of both non high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein in postmenopausal than premenopausal women. Our data delineate correlations of total abdominal fat and interleukin-8 (both positively) with non high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in healthy women across the full age range of 21-79 years along with even more specific associations in premenopausal and postmenopausal individuals. Whether some of these outcomes reflect causal relationships would require longitudinal and interventional or genetic studies.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. veldhuis.johannes@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Johannes D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Veldhuis
authors.affiliation: Immunochemical Laboratory, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Roy B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Dyer
authors.affiliation: Immunochemical Laboratory, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.|Department of Neurology, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Sergey A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Trushin
authors.affiliation: Immunochemical Laboratory, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Olga P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Bondar
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Ravinder J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
authors.forename: George G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Klee
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood*; D017697:Premenopause / Q000097:blood*; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000378:metabolism; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008055:Lipids; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin
keywords: Female; Human; Menopause; Sex steroids; Visceral fat