title: Efficient Batch-Mode Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization of Propane.
abstract: We report on a simple approach for efficient NMR proton hyperpolarization of propane using the parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) technique, which yielded ≈6.2 % proton polarization using ≈80 % parahydrogen, a record level achieved with any hyperpolarization technique for propane. Unlike in previously developed approaches designed for continuous-flow operation, where reactants (propene and parahydrogen) are simultaneously loaded for homogeneous or heterogeneous pairwise addition of parahydrogen, here a batch-mode method is applied: propene is first loaded into the catalyst-containing solution, which is followed by homogeneous hydrogenation via parahydrogen bubbling delivered at ≈7.1 atm. The achieved nuclear spin polarization of this contrast agent potentially useful for pulmonary imaging is approximately two orders of magnitude greater than that achieved in the continuous-flow homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation, and a factor of 3-10 more efficient compared to the typical results of heterogeneous continuous-flow hydrogenations.
authors.affiliation: International Tomography Center, SB RAS, Insitutskaya Street 3A, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.|Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Oleg G
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Salnikov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232-2310, USA.
authors.forename: Danila A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Barskiy
authors.affiliation: Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232-2310, USA.
authors.forename: Aaron M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Coffey
authors.affiliation: International Tomography Center, SB RAS, Insitutskaya Street 3A, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.|Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Kirill V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Kovtunov
authors.affiliation: International Tomography Center, SB RAS, Insitutskaya Street 3A, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.|Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Igor V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Koptyug
authors.affiliation: Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232-2310, USA.|Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospect 14, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Eduard Y
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8745-8801
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Chekmenev
keywords: hydrogenation; hyperpolarization; nmr spectroscopy; parahydrogen-induced polarization; propane