title: Rapid method for monitoring N-nitrosodimethylamine in drinking water at the ng/L level without pre-concentration using high-performance liquid chromatography-chemiluminescence detection.
abstract: As a contaminant in drinking water, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is of great concern because of its carcinogenicity; it has been limited to levels of ng/L by regulatory bodies worldwide. Consequently, a rapid and sensitive method for monitoring NDMA in drinking water is urgently required. In this study, we report an improvement of our previously proposed HPLC-based system for NDMA determination. The approach consists of the HPLC separation of NDMA, followed by NDMA photolysis to form peroxynitrite and detection with a luminol chemiluminescence reaction. The detection limit for the improved HPLC method was 0.2ng/L, which is 10 times more sensitive than our previously reported system. For tap water measurements, only the addition of an ascorbic acid solution to eliminate residual chlorine and passage through an Oasis MAX solid-phase extraction cartridge are needed. The proposed NDMA determination method requires a sample volume of less than 2mL and a complete analysis time of less than 15min per sample. The method was utilized for the long-term monitoring of NDMA in tap water. The NDMA level measured in the municipal water survey was 4.9ng/L, and a seasonal change of the NDMA concentration in tap water was confirmed. The proposed method should constitute a useful NDMA monitoring method for protecting drinking water quality.
authors.affiliation: Division of Earth and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan. Electronic address: kodama@sci.kagoshima-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kodamatani
authors.affiliation: Division of Earth and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.affiliation: Division of Earth and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshimi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwaya
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saga
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiitsu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Division of Earth and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kanzaki
authors.affiliation: Division of Earth and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomiyasu
mesh_terms: D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004128:Dimethylnitrosamine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D012621:Seasons; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D060766:Drinking Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004128:Dimethylnitrosamine; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: Chemiluminescence; Drinking water; HPLC; Long-term monitoring; Luminol; N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)