title: Molecular Design of Semiconducting Polymers for High-Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors.
abstract: The organic electrochemical transistor (OECT), capable of transducing small ionic fluxes into electronic signals in an aqueous environment, is an ideal device to utilize in bioelectronic applications. Currently, most OECTs are fabricated with commercially available conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-based suspensions and are therefore operated in depletion mode. Here, we present a series of semiconducting polymers designed to elucidate important structure-property guidelines required for accumulation mode OECT operation. We discuss key aspects relating to OECT performance such as ion and hole transport, electrochromic properties, operational voltage, and stability. The demonstration of our molecular design strategy is the fabrication of accumulation mode OECTs that clearly outperform state-of-the-art PEDOT-based devices, and show stability under aqueous operation without the need for formulation additives and cross-linkers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.|Materials Research Institute and School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Christian B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giovannitti
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Dan-Tiberiu
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Sbircea
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia , 46980 Paterna, Spain.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bandiello
authors.affiliation: Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Muhammad R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Niazi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hanifi
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia , 46980 Paterna, Spain.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sessolo
authors.affiliation: Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Aram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amassian
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioelectronics, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC Gardanne , Gardanne 13541, France.
authors.forename: George G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Malliaras
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioelectronics, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC Gardanne , Gardanne 13541, France.|Palo Alto Research Center , Palo Alto, California 94304, United States.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rivnay
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.|Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Iain
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: McCulloch