title: Intestinal Failure: New Definition and Clinical Implications.
abstract: Intestinal failure (IF) is a state in which the nutritional demands of the body are not met by the gastrointestinal absorptive surface. It is a long-recognized complication associated with short bowel syndrome, which results in malabsorption after significant resection of the intestine for many reasons or functional dysmotility. Etiologies have included Crohn's disease, vascular complications, and the effects of radiation enteritis, as well as the effects of intestinal obstruction, dysmotility, or congenital defects. While IF has been long-recognized, it has historically not been uniformly defined, which has made both recognition and management challenging. This review examines the previous definitions of IF as well as the newer definition and classification of IF and how it is essential to IF clinical guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. Matthew.kappus@duke.edu.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kappus
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Diamond
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Hurt
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Oregon Health Sciences, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martindale
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D016331:Parenteral Nutrition, Home / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012778:Short Bowel Syndrome / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D009626:Terminology as Topic
keywords: Acute intestinal failure; Chronic intestinal failure; Home parenteral nutrition; Intestinal failure; Short bowel syndrome; Short gut syndrome