title: Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors for Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Healthy Blood Donors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Sonora, Mexico.
abstract: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) can be transmitted by blood transfusion. We determined the prevalence of T. gondii infection in healthy blood donors in Hermosillo city, Mexico, and the association of infection with T. gondii with the sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics of blood donors. Four hundred and eight blood donors who attended two public blood banks in Hermosillo city were examined for anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies by using enzyme-linked immunoassays. Of the 408 blood donors (mean age 31.77 ± 9.52; range 18-60 years old) studied, 55 (13.5%) were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies, and 12 (21.8%) of them were also positive for anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies. Multivariate analysis showed that seropositivity to T. gondii was associated with age (OR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.03-2.94; P = 0.03) and tobacco use (OR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.02-4.29; P = 0.04). Seropositivity to T. gondii was correlated with the number of pregnancies, deliveries, and cesarean sections. The seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in blood donors in Sonora is the highest reported in blood donors in northern Mexico so far. This is the first report of an association of T. gondii exposure and tobacco use. Further research to confirm this association is needed.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Juárez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S/N, 34000 Durango, DGO, Mexico.
authors.forename: Cosme
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alvarado-Esquivel
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Sonora, 83000 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rascón-Careaga
authors.affiliation: Institute for Scientific Research "Dr. Roberto Rivera-Damm", Juárez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S/N, 34000 Durango, DGO, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernández-Tinoco
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Sonora, 83000 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico.
authors.forename: María Alba Guadalupe
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Corella-Madueño
authors.affiliation: Institute for Scientific Research "Dr. Roberto Rivera-Damm", Juárez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S/N, 34000 Durango, DGO, Mexico.
authors.forename: Luis Francisco
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Anguiano
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Postgraduate in Food, University of Sonora, 83000 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico.
authors.forename: María Lourdes
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Aldana-Madrid
authors.affiliation: State Center for Blood Transfusion, Secretary of Health, 83000 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico.
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Velasquez-Vega
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Sonora, 83000 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico.
authors.forename: Trinidad
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Quizán-Plata
authors.affiliation: Mexican Institute of Social Insurance (IMSS), 83190 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico.
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Navarro-Henze
authors.affiliation: Secretaría de Salud, 83270 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico.
authors.forename: Joel Alberto
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Badell-Luzardo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Sonora, 83000 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico.
authors.forename: José María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gastélum-Cano
authors.affiliation: Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité Medical School, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Liesenfeld
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D001782:Blood Donors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000276:immunology*; D014123:Toxoplasmosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan