title: Actual and predicted prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy in the WHO African Region.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence of alcohol consumption and binge drinking during pregnancy among the general population in the World Health Organization (WHO) African Region, by country.
  
  
  METHODS
  First, a comprehensive systematic literature search was performed to identify all published and unpublished studies. Then, several meta-analyses, assuming a random-effects model, were conducted to estimate the prevalence of alcohol consumption and binge drinking during pregnancy among the general population for countries in the WHO African Region with two or more studies available. Lastly, for countries with less than two studies or no known data predictions were obtained using regression modelling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The estimated prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy among the general population ranged from 2.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6-2.8%; Equatorial Guinea) to 12.6% (95% CI: 9.9-15.4%; Cameroon) in Central Africa, 3.4% (95% CI: 2.6-4.3%; Seychelles) to 20.5% (95% CI: 16.4-24.7%; Uganda) in Eastern Africa, 5.7% (95% CI: 4.4-7.1%; Botswana) to 14.2% (95% CI: 11.1-17.3%; Namibia) in Southern Africa, 6.6% (95% CI: 5.0-8.3%; Mauritania) to 14.8% (95% CI: 11.6-17.9%; Sierra Leone) in Western Africa, and 4.3% (95% CI: 3.2-5.3%; Algeria) in Northern Africa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high prevalence of alcohol consumption and binge drinking during pregnancy in some African countries calls for educational campaigns, screening and targeted interventions for women of childbearing age.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Pan American Health Organization and World Health Organization Collaborating Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada. lana.popova@camh.ca.|Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. lana.popova@camh.ca.|Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. lana.popova@camh.ca.|Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. lana.popova@camh.ca.
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Popova
authors.affiliation: Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Pan American Health Organization and World Health Organization Collaborating Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.|Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Shannon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.affiliation: Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Pan American Health Organization and World Health Organization Collaborating Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.|Epidemiological Research Unit, Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Probst
authors.affiliation: Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Pan American Health Organization and World Health Organization Collaborating Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.|International Agency for Research on Cancer, Cancer Surveillance, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shield
authors.affiliation: Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Pan American Health Organization and World Health Organization Collaborating Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kraicer-Melamed
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical & Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Carina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferreira-Borges
authors.affiliation: Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Pan American Health Organization and World Health Organization Collaborating Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.|Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.|Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.|Epidemiological Research Unit, Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rehm
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D014944:World Health Organization
keywords: Africa; Afrique; alcohol use; consommation d'alcool; embarazo; grossesse; pregnancy; prevalence; prevalencia; prévalence; uso de alcohol; África