title: Metabolic Responses of Bacterial Cells to Immobilization.
abstract: In recent years immobilized cells have commonly been used for various biotechnological applications, e.g., antibiotic production, soil bioremediation, biodegradation and biotransformation of xenobiotics in wastewater treatment plants. Although the literature data on the physiological changes and behaviour of cells in the immobilized state remain fragmentary, it is well documented that in natural settings microorganisms are mainly found in association with surfaces, which results in biofilm formation. Biofilms are characterized by genetic and physiological heterogeneity and the occurrence of altered microenvironments within the matrix. Microbial cells in communities display a variety of metabolic differences as compared to their free-living counterparts. Immobilization of bacteria can occur either as a natural phenomenon or as an artificial process. The majority of changes observed in immobilized cells result from protection provided by the supports. Knowledge about the main physiological responses occurring in immobilized cells may contribute to improving the efficiency of immobilization techniques. This paper reviews the main metabolic changes exhibited by immobilized bacterial cells, including growth rate, biodegradation capabilities, biocatalytic efficiency and plasmid stability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland. jozur@us.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Żur
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland. danuta.wojcieszynska@us.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wojcieszyńska
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland. urszula.guzik@us.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Guzik
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D055162:Biocatalysis; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development; D001711:Biotransformation; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D018914:Cells, Immobilized / Q000378:metabolism*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D042822:Genomic Instability; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics
keywords: biofilm; immobilization; immobilized cells; metabolic response