title: Coverage estimates and patterns of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) use prior to and during the polio eradication endgame, Jinan City, China, 2010-2015.
abstract: Use of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) in Jinan during the polio eradication endgame has not been previously documented. Two IPV-containing vaccines were made available as an option for Jinan parents in 2009. We describe coverage levels and patterns of use of IPV over time using data from the Jinan Childhood Immunization Information Management System (JNCIIMS).
  
  
  
  Children born between January 2010 and December 2014 who were registered in JNCIIMS were included in this study. Vaccination records were obtained from JNCIIMS on April 30, 2015. JNCIIMS distinguishes among available poliovirus vaccines; doses administered data were used to describe IPV usage over time. We identified the polio vaccination sequences used by children in the 2012 and 2013 birth cohorts. Coverage estimates were analyzed by birth cohort and migration status. We developed 3 categories for analysis: "resident child," "migrant child" and "other child" according to migration status.
  
  
  
  In total, 12,354 (11.7%) IPV, 5,893(5.6%) DTP-IPV-Hib vaccine and 87,054(82.7%) OPV doses were administered to children in the 2010 to 2014 birth cohorts. The proportion of children using an IPV-only schedule increased each year, consistent with the introduction of IPV that is called for by the Polio Eradication Endgame Strategic Plan 2013-2018. During this time, 4.7% children used a schedule containing both IPV and oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). In the 2012 to 2013 birth cohorts, 14.4% children used an IPV-only schedule; 5.7% children used a sequential schedule, and 79.9% used OPV-only schedule. Use of IPV only schedules was higher among migrant children than among resident children. Among those sequential schedule using both IPV and OPV, 87.2% children used IPV for the first dose and 12.8% used OPV for the first dose.
  
  
  
  JNCIIMS provided a mechanism for tracking IPV and OPV vaccination patterns, and showed areas in need of improvement. Ensuring appropriately sequenced IPV and OPV supports reduction of risk of vaccine associated paralytic polio.
authors.affiliation: a Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinan , Shandong , China.
authors.forename: Caiyun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: a Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinan , Shandong , China.
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: a Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinan , Shandong , China.
authors.forename: Jingwen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: a Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinan , Shandong , China.
authors.forename: Ruoming
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: a Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinan , Shandong , China.
authors.forename: Kaijun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: a Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinan , Shandong , China.
authors.forename: Chong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: a Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinan , Shandong , China.
authors.forename: Xianhui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: a Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinan , Shandong , China.
authors.forename: Xingyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: a Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinan , Shandong , China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: a Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinan , Shandong , China.
authors.forename: Chuanbin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D060740:Disease Eradication; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011051:Poliomyelitis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated
keywords: Inactivate polio vaccine; coverage rate; sequential schedule