title: Pet serine protease from enteroaggregative Escherichia coli stimulates the inflammatory response activating human macrophages.
abstract: Pet is a toxin from the family of Serine Protease Autotransporters of Enterobacteriaceae which was initially identified in Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strains. This protease exhibits enterotoxin properties, damages the cell cytoskeleton and induces intestinal epithelium alterations, which are associated with a severe inflammatory process. An in-vitro study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Pet on the migration of human peripheral blood monocytes-derived macrophages and its participation in the activation of the early inflammatory response and cytokine expression.
  
  
  
  In the macrophage migration activation assay, Pet produced a similar effect to that induced by opsonized zymosan (ZAS). Regarding the cytokine expression, an increase of IL-8, TNF-α (pro-inflammatory) and IL-10 (anti-inflammatory) was identified. In addition to the above results, the nuclear translocation of NF-kB pp65 was also identified. These events are probably related to the inflammatory response identified in the histological examination of intestine rat samples inoculated with Pet during a ligated loop assay.
  
  
  
  The results showed that Pet participates as an immunostimulant molecule for macrophages, which activates both their mobility and cytokine expression. These observations suggest that the toxin participates in the inflammatory process that is observed during the host infection by EAEC Pet producing.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Infectología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez No. 162, Col Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, 06720, C. de México. luzmrr7@yahoo.com.mx.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Rocha-Ramírez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, C. de México.|Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Unidad de Hemato-Oncología e Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez/Facultad de Medicina UNAM, Dr. Márquez No. 162, Col Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, 06720, C. de México.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hernández-Chiñas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Infectología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez No. 162, Col Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, 06720, C. de México.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baños-Rojas
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Bacteriología Intestinal, Unidad de Hemato-Oncología e Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez No. 162, Col Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, 06720, C. de México.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xicohtencatl-Cortés
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, C. de México.|Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Unidad de Hemato-Oncología e Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez/Facultad de Medicina UNAM, Dr. Márquez No. 162, Col Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, 06720, C. de México.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Chávez-Berrocal
authors.affiliation: Divisiòn de Investigación. Facultad de Medicina, UNAM. Circuito Escolar S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, C. de México.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rico-Rosillo
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología, Hospital de Pediatría, CMN siglo XXI, IMSS, Av. Cuauhtémoc No. 330, Col Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, 06720, C. de México.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kretschmer
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, C. de México. eslava@unam.mx.|Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Unidad de Hemato-Oncología e Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez/Facultad de Medicina UNAM, Dr. Márquez No. 162, Col Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, 06720, C. de México. eslava@unam.mx.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Eslava
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D002460:Cell Line; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D015054:Zymosan
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D016207:Cytokines; D004768:Enterotoxins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D015054:Zymosan; C530786:Pet protein, E coli; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases
keywords: Cytokines; Escherichia coli; Innate immune response; Serin protease