title: Synergistic effects of caffeine and catechins on lipid metabolism in chronically fed mice via the AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the mechanistic effects of combined exposure to caffeine and catechins on lipid metabolism in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy mice were randomly assigned to seven groups and fed diets containing varying doses of caffeine and catechins for 24 weeks. Body weight gain, intraperitoneal adipose tissue (IPAT) weight, serum biochemical parameters, and enzymatic activities, mRNA and protein expression levels of lipid metabolism-related enzymes in the liver and IPAT were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following administration of caffeine and catechins, body weight gain, IPAT weight, serum and liver concentrations of total cholesterol and triglyceride were markedly reduced. Lipase activities, including that of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), acyl-CoA oxidase, carnitine acyltransferase, adipose triglyceride lipase, and hormone-sensitive lipase, were significantly upregulated; however, fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity in the liver was suppressed. Combined exposure to caffeine and catechins significantly upregulated mRNA and protein expression levels of lipases while downregulating FAS mRNA expression and protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of caffeine and catechins regulated the enzymatic activities, mRNA, and protein expression levels of lipid metabolism-related enzymes, resulting in suppression of body weight gain and IPAT weight in mice, potentially through activation of the AMPK signaling pathway. This study indicates that chronic intake of both caffeine and catechins can synergistically contribute to prevention of obesity and lifestyle-related diseases.
authors.affiliation: Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
authors.forename: Licong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
authors.forename: Zhanwang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Library of Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
authors.forename: Lezhen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China. zrs150716@aliyun.com.|Key Laboratory of Natural Product Research and Development, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China. zrs150716@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Guodong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D042962:Acyl-CoA Oxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002333:Carnitine Acyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002392:Catechin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004357:Drug Synergism; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases / Q000097:blood; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D008049:Lipase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000097:blood; D015398:Signal Transduction; D002787:Sterol Esterase / Q000097:blood; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D015430:Weight Gain; D000217:Acyltransferases
chemical_list: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D042962:Acyl-CoA Oxidase; D015415:Biomarkers; D002110:Caffeine; D002333:Carnitine Acyltransferases; D002392:Catechin; D002784:Cholesterol; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases; D008049:Lipase; D047495:PPAR gamma; D002787:Sterol Esterase; D014280:Triglycerides; C494445:PNPLA2 protein, mouse; D000217:Acyltransferases
keywords: Caffeine; Catechins; Fat accumulation; Lipid metabolism