title: Neurological soft signs in Chinese adolescents with schizophrenia and schizotypal personality traits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neurological soft signs (NSSs) may reflect neurodevelopmental anomalies in association with the spectrum of schizophrenia disorders. We examined NSSs in Chinese adolescents with schizophrenia and schizotypal personality traits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-seven schizophrenic adolescents (SCH group), 85 adolescents with only schizotypal personality traits (SPT group), and 88 healthy controls (HC group) were enrolled. The NSS subscales of the Cambridge Neurological Inventory (CNI) were administered to all 260 participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The NSS prevalence rates were higher in the SCH group than in the other two groups for both hands in the fist-edge-palm, Oseretsky, and graphesthesia tests. Relative to HCs, the SCH group also showed higher NSS prevalence rates in the right finger agnosia and right mirror movement of finger opposition tests. SCH>SPT>HC trends were observed for all NSS subscale scores and for the left, right, and total NSS scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, the present study is the first to examine NSSs in adolescents with schizophrenia and adolescents with schizotypal personality traits. These results provide preliminary findings suggesting that schizophrenia spectrum disorders may be characterized by developmental abnormalities in the central nervous system, and support the notion that NSSs may be schizophrenia spectrum disorder biomarkers.
authors.affiliation: Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Sociology and Psychology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
authors.forename: Lingyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Psychology, Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Yanjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China. Electronic address: xiongzhaozhu@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiongzhao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D010551:Personality; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012569:Schizotypal Personality Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Adolescents; Neurodevelopment; Neurological soft signs; Schizophrenia; Schizotypal personality disorder