title: Characterizing human nasal airflow physiologic variables by nasal index.
abstract: Although variations in nasal index (NI) have been reported to represent adaptation to climatic conditions, assessments of NI with airflow variables have not been rigorously investigated. This study uses computational fluid dynamics modeling to investigate the relationship between NI and airflow variables in 16 subjects with normal nasal anatomy. Airflow simulations were conducted under constant inspiratory pressure. Nasal resistance (NR) against NI showed weak association from nostrils to anterior inferior turbinate (R(2)=0.26) and nostril to choanae (R(2)=0.12). NI accounted for 38% and 41% of the respective variation in wall shear stress (WSS) and heat flux (HF) at the nasal vestibule, and 52% and 49% of variability in WSS and HF across the entire nose. HF and WSS had strong correlation with NI<80, and weakly correlated with NI>80; these differences in HF and WSS for NI<80 and NI>80 were not statistically significant. Results suggest strong relationship between NI and both WSS and HF but not NR, particularly in subjects with NI<80.
authors.affiliation: Division of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Aniruddha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patki
authors.affiliation: Division of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Computational Biology & Bioinformatics Program, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. Electronic address: dennis.frank@duke.edu.
authors.forename: Dennis O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Frank-Ito
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D012119:Respiration; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: Computational fluid dynamics; Heat flux; Nasal index; Nasal resistance; Wall shear stress