title: Hospital Disease-Specific Care Certification Programs and Quality of Care: A Narrative Review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disease-specific care certification (DSCC) programs have been developed to improve the quality and performance of programs or services that may be based within or associated with a hospital or other health care organization. A comprehensive summary of evidence for DSCC programs and their reported effect on the quality of care was prepared in a narrative review, the first of its kind on this topic.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic search was performed to identify articles that reported about DSCC. Any article that reported DSCC and certifications, published between 2003 and August 2015 (with an update in March 2016), and conducted in the United States was included. Databases searched included PubMed, MEDLINE, and CINAHL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The articles were reviewed in terms of four topics: early development of DSCC, the journey toward DSCC, the relationship between DSCC and organizing process of care, and the relationship between DSCC and outcomes of care. Fifteen articles noted a positive relationship between DSCC programs and quality of care, only 6 of which reported empirical data. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were not warranted. Only 3 articles involved use of sophisticated statistical modeling with adequate control variables to investigate the effect of DSCC, which makes it difficult to conclude that the change in hospitals' or patients' outcomes were related to the certification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority (13) of the articles focused on Joint Commission DSCC, with the remaining assessing Society of Cardiovascular Patient Care "accreditation" (certification). Only two studies, each study using a cross-sectional design, that empirically examined the relationship between DSCC and outcomes of care-mortality of care and readmission. More research studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of DSCC programs in improving outcomes of care, particularly patient-centered outcome measures, such as patient satisfaction and self-care.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Outcomes Research, School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA.
authors.forename: Eyad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Musallam
authors.forename: Meg
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johantgen
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Connerney
mesh_terms: D002568:Certification; D019468:Disease Management; D006801:Humans; D018802:Patient-Centered Care; D058996:Quality Improvement; D011787:Quality of Health Care