title: Multifunctional Energy Storage and Conversion Devices.
abstract: Multifunctional energy storage and conversion devices that incorporate novel features and functions in intelligent and interactive modes, represent a radical advance in consumer products, such as wearable electronics, healthcare devices, artificial intelligence, electric vehicles, smart household, and space satellites, etc. Here, smart energy devices are defined to be energy devices that are responsive to changes in configurational integrity, voltage, mechanical deformation, light, and temperature, called self-healability, electrochromism, shape memory, photodetection, and thermal responsivity. Advisable materials, device designs, and performances are crucial for the development of energy electronics endowed with these smart functions. Integrating these smart functions in energy storage and conversion devices gives rise to great challenges from the viewpoint of both understanding the fundamental mechanisms and practical implementation. Current state-of-art examples of these smart multifunctional energy devices, pertinent to materials, fabrication strategies, and performances, are highlighted. In addition, current challenges and potential solutions from materials synthesis to device performances are discussed. Finally, some important directions in this fast developing field are considered to further expand their application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, S.A.R., China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, S.A.R., China.
authors.forename: Minshen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, S.A.R., China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, S.A.R., China.
authors.forename: Zengxia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, S.A.R., China.
authors.forename: Hongfei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, S.A.R., China.
authors.forename: Zifeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, S.A.R., China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, S.A.R., China. cy.zhi@cityu.edu.hk.|Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518000, China. cy.zhi@cityu.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Chunyi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhi
keywords: energy storage and conversion; fabrication; multifunctional devices; smart functional materials