title: Detection of apoptosis in pemphigus vulgaris by TUNEL technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pemphigus is part of a group of blistering diseases that affect the skin and mucous membranes. Based on its autoimmune origin, autoantibodies develop in pemphigus that are directed toward cell surface components of keratinocytes. However, some data cannot be explained, such as the lack of a relationship between autoantibody levels and the severity of clinical manifestations, treatment resistance, the presence of inflammatory infiltrates and the potential occurrence of apoptosis as determinants of vesicle formation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the presence of apoptosis in pemphigus vulgaris by TUNEL technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, we selected 15 paraffin-embedded tissues from subjects who were diagnosed with pemphigus vulgaris by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The samples were subjected to TUNEL assay and examined under an Olympus BX61 fluorescence microscope. Positivity was categorized dichotomously, and the statistical analysis was performed using the X2 test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positivity was observed in basal layer cells in 14 (93.3%) cases. In 13 (86.7%) of the positive cases, we noted espinosum and granular layers that formed the blister roof, and in 12 cases (80%), positive acantholytic cells were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TUNEL positivity was observed in pemphigus vulgaris, implicating apoptosis in the pathophysiology of this condition, which can help guide the development of apoptotic blockers as therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Juarez University of the State of Durango - Durango (Dgo), Mexico.
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cuevas-Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González" - Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Maria Elisa
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Vega-Memíje
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Pediatrics - Mexico City, Mexico.|Southern Associated Pathologists "Specialists in Pathology Laboratories" - Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Francisco Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: García-Vázquez
authors.affiliation: Southern Associated Pathologists "Specialists in Pathology Laboratories" - Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Marco António
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Aguilar-Urbano
mesh_terms: D000051:Acantholysis / Q000503:physiopathology; D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D001768:Blister / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling / Q000379:methods*; D010392:Pemphigus / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012867:Skin / Q000503:physiopathology