title: Active music therapy approach in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a randomized-controlled trial.
abstract: This randomized controlled study assessed the efficacy of active music therapy (AMT) on anxiety, depression, and quality of life in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Communication and relationship during AMT treatment were also evaluated. Thirty patients were assigned randomly to experimental [AMT plus standard of care (SC)] or control (SC) groups. AMT consisted of 12 sessions (three times a week), whereas the SC treatment was based on physical and speech rehabilitation sessions, occupational therapy, and psychological support. ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire, and Music Therapy Rating Scale were administered to assess functional, psychological, and music therapy outcomes. The AMT group improved significantly in McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire global scores (P=0.035) and showed a positive trend in nonverbal and sonorous-music relationship during the treatment. Further studies involving larger samples in a longer AMT intervention are needed to confirm the effectiveness of this approach in ALS.
authors.affiliation: aMusic Therapy Laboratory bScientific Direction, Scientific Institute of Pavia, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation IRCCS cDepartment of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia dDepartment of Neurorehabilitation, ALS Centre, Scientific Institute of Milan, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raglio
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giovanazzi
authors.forename: Debora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pain
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baiardi
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Imbriani
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imbriani
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mora
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016472:Motor Neuron Disease / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D009147:Music Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D009633:Nonverbal Communication; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires