title: The potential adjuvanticity of quaternized chitosan hydrogel based microparticles for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus inactivated vaccine.
abstract: Infectious diseases possess a big threat to the livestock industry worldwide. Currently, inactivated veterinary vaccines have attracted much attention to prevent infection due to their safer profile compared to live attenuated vaccine. However, its intrinsic poor immunogenicity demands the incorporation of an adjuvant. Mineral oil based adjuvant (Montanide™ ISA206) was usually used to potentiate the efficacy of veterinary vaccines. However, ISA206 could not induce robust cellular immune responses, which was very important in controlling virus replication and clearing the infected cells. Moreover, mineral oil would result in severe side effects. To improve both the humoral and cellular immune responses of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) inactivated vaccine, we developed pH-sensitive and size-controllable quaternized chitosan hydrogel microparticles (Gel MPs) without using chemical cross linking agent. Gel MPs, ionic cross-linked with glycerophosphate (GP), were biocompatible and could efficiently adsorb the inactivated PRRSV vaccine with a loading capacity of 579.05μg/mg. After intramuscular immunization in mice, results suggested that Gel MPs elicited significantly higher cell-mediated immune responses and comparable humoral immune responses compared to ISA 206. Regarding the biocompatibility, safety and effectiveness, Gel MPs would be a promising candidate to enhance the efficacy of veterinary vaccine.
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yue-Qi
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Science, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Xia
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Science, China.
authors.forename: Ya-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Pei-Yuan
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Science, China. Electronic address: shanjunjie001@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Jun-Jie
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. Electronic address: wujie@ipe.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Jiangsu, China. Electronic address: ghma@ipe.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Guang-Hui
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Guo
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D002214:Capsules; D048271:Chitosan / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D056724:Immunity, Humoral; D007114:Immunization; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D019318:Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D019316:Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus / Q000276:immunology*; D013552:Swine; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology*; D014730:Veterinary Medicine; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D002214:Capsules; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Adjuvant; ISA 206; Microparticles; Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus; Quaternized chitosan hydrogel; Veterinary vaccine