title: Epizootiological characteristics of viable bacteria and fungi in indoor air from porcine, chicken, or bovine husbandry confinement buildings.
abstract: Microorganisms found in bioaerosols from animal confinement buildings not only foster the risk of spreading diseases among livestock buildings, but also pose health hazards to farm workers and nearby residents. This study identified the various microorganisms present in the air of swine, chicken, and cattle farms with different kinds of ventilation conditions in Korea. Microbial air samples were collected onto Petri dishes with bacterial or fungal growth media using a cascade impactor. Endotoxin levels in total dust were determined by the limulus amebocyte lysate kinetic QCL method. Prevalent Gram-positive bacteria wereStaphylococcus (S.) lentus, S. chromogenes, Bacillus (B.) cereus, B. licheniformis,andEnterococcus faecalis,while the dominant fungi and Gram-negative bacteria wereCandida albicansandSphingomonas paucimobilis, respectively. Considering no significant relationship between the indoor dust endotoxin levels and the isolation of Gram-negative bacteria from the indoor air, monitoring the indoor airborne endotoxin level was found to be also critical for risk assessment on health for animals or workers. The present study confirms the importance of microbiological monitoring and control on animal husbandry indoor air to ensure animal and worker welfare.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, College of Medical and Public Health Sciences, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea.
authors.forename: Katharine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Roque
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, College of Medical and Public Health Sciences, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea.
authors.forename: Gyeong-Dong
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, College of Medical and Public Health Sciences, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, College of Medical and Public Health Sciences, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Min
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, College of Medical and Public Health Sciences, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Seob
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, College of Medical and Public Health Sciences, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea.
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gautam
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, College of Medical and Public Health Sciences, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Yul
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyungsuk
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and BK21 PLUS, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
authors.forename: Seungwon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and BK21 PLUS, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
authors.forename: Han-Sang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, College of Medical and Public Health Sciences, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyoung-Ah
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000391:Air Microbiology; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor; D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002417:Cattle; D002645:Chickens; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D005658:Fungi / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006799:Housing, Animal; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D056910:Republic of Korea; D018570:Risk Assessment; D034421:Sus scrofa
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D004731:Endotoxins
keywords: Gram-negative bacteria; airborne microorganisms; cattle; chickens; swine