title: The Podocyte Count Detected by an Improved Immunocytochemical Method has Higher Diagnostic Efficiency than Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Serum Cystatin C to Evaluate the Early Stage Damage of Glomerular.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In renal diseases, earlier injury to glomerular may lead to the abscission of podocyte. The number of podocyte in urine may reflect the severity of glomerular damage. Podocalyxin (PCX) was considered as a podocyte marker. Many methods were used to detect podocyte. Applications of these methods were limited by tricky, expensive, and low accuracy. Here, we improved an immunocytochemical method to count the number of podocyte in urine.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we counted the numbers of podocyte in urine by our improved method and detected the PCX levels in urine by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in glomerulopathy patients and healthy controls. The serum levels of cystatin C (CysC), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CR), uric acid (URIC), and β2-Microglobulin (β2-MG) in all subjects were detected. Correlation analysis and diagnostic efficiencies comparisons among immuocytochemical method, ELISA, and the biochemistry index were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The podocyte counts in patients were significantly higher than controls. Podocytes counts positively correlated with PCX concentrations and the serum CysC. The podocyte count had higher diagnostic efficiency than PCX concentrations detected by ELISA and serum CysC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The podocyte count detected by our improved method had higher diagnostic efficiency than ELISA and serum CysC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Function Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Yiqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Zhifen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Zi-E
authors.initials: ZE
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Zhiming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D002452:Cell Count / Q000379:methods; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000097:blood; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D050199:Podocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000652:urine; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D055316:Cystatin C; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin; C001643:podocalyxin; D014527:Uric Acid; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: cystatin C; diagnostic efficiency; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; glomerular damage; immuocytochemical stain; podocyte count