title: Rottlerin, a polyphenolic compound from the fruits of Mallotus phillipensis (Lam.) Müll.Arg., impedes oxalate/calcium oxalate induced pathways of oxidative stress in male wistar rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxalate and/or calcium oxalate, is known to induce free radical production, subsequently leading to renal epithelial injury. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction have emerged as new targets for managing oxalate induced renal injury.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Plant products and antioxidants have gained tremendous attention in the prevention of lithiatic disease. Rottlerin, a polyphenolic compound from the fruits of Mallotus phillipensis (Lam.) Müll.Arg., has shown free radical scavenging, antioxidant activity and has been reported to interfere in signaling pathways leading to inflammation and apoptosis. In this study, the potential role of rottlerin, in rats exposed to hyperoxaluric environment was explored.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hyperoxaluria was induced by administering 0.4% ethylene glycol and 1% ammonium chloride in drinking water to male wistar rats for 9 days. Rottlerin was administered intraperitoneally at 1mg/kg/day along with the hyperoxaluric agent. Prophylactic efficacy of rottlerin to diminish hyperoxaluria induced renal dysfunctionality and crystal load was examined along with its effect on free radicals generating pathways in hyperoxaluric rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  0.4% ethylene glycol and 1% ammonium chloride led to induction of hyperoxaluria, oxiadtive stress and mitochondrial damage in rats. Rottlerin treatment reduced NADPH oxidase activity, prevented mitochondrial dysfunction and maintained antioxidant environment. It also refurbished renal functioning, tissue integrity and diminished urinary crystal load in hyperoxaluric rats treated with rottlerin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, the present investigation suggests that rottlerin evidently reduced hyperoxaluric consequences and the probable mechanism of action of this drug could be attributed to its ability to quench free radicals by itself and interrupting signaling pathways involved in pathogenesis of stone formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160015, India.
authors.forename: Nirlep
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chhiber
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160015, India.
authors.forename: Tanzeer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160015, India. Electronic address: singlask6@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Surinder
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singla
mesh_terms: D000098:Acetophenones / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D036461:Mallotus Plant / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000098:Acetophenones; D000975:Antioxidants; D005609:Free Radicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002129:Calcium Oxalate
keywords: Hyperoxaluria; NADPH oxidase; PKCδ; Renal function; Rottlerin