title: A Retrievable, Efficacious Polymeric Scaffold for Subcutaneous Transplantation of Rat Pancreatic Islets.
abstract: We aim on developing a polymeric ectopic scaffold in a readily accessible site under the skin.
  
  
  
  The liver as transplantation site for pancreatic islets is associated with significant loss of islets. Several extrahepatic sites were tested in experimental animals, but many have practical limitations in the clinical setting and do not have the benefit of easy accessibility.
  
  
  
  Functional survival of rat islets was tested during 7 days of culture in the presence of poly(D,L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PDLLCL), poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate)/polybutylene terephthalate (PEOT/PBT) block copolymer, and polysulfone. Tissue responses were studied in vivo after subcutaneous implantation in rats. Culture on PEOT/PBT and polysulfone profoundly disturbed function of islets, and induced severe tissue responses in vivo. Modification of their hydrophilicity did not change the suitability of the polymers. PDLLCL was the only polymer that promoted functional survival of rat islets in vitro and was associated with minor tissue reactions after 28 days. Rat islets were transplanted in the PDLLCL scaffold in a diabetic rat model. Before islet seeding, the scaffold was allowed to engraft for 28 days to allow the tissue response to dampen and to allow blood vessel growth into the device. Islet transplantation into the scaffold resulted in normoglycemia within 3 days and for the duration of the study period of 16 weeks.
  
  
  
  In conclusion, we found that some polymers such as PEOT/PBT and polysulfone interfere with islet function. PDLLCL is a suitable polymer to create an artificial islet transplantation site under the skin and supports islet survival.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands †Polyganics, Groningen, The Netherlands ‡Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands §Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Alexandra M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Smink
authors.forename: Don T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Hertsig
authors.forename: Leendert
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schwab
authors.forename: Aart A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: van Apeldoorn
authors.forename: Eelco
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Koning
authors.forename: Marijke M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Faas
authors.forename: Bart J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: de Haan
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Vos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002470:Cell Survival; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000601:surgery*; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D011091:Polyesters; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011108:Polymers; D013450:Sulfones; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D013450:Sulfones; C072932:polyethylene oxide-polybutylene terephthalate copolymer; C017662:polysulfone P 1700; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C062968:lactide-caprolactone copolymer