title: Quality Characteristics of Wholemeal Flour and Bread from Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L subsp. durum Desf.) after Field Treatment with Plant Water Extracts.
abstract: The use of selected plant water extracts to control pests and weeds is gaining growing attention in organic and sustainable agriculture, but the effects that such extracts may exert on the quality aspects of durum wheat are still unexplored. In 2014, 5 plant water extracts (Artemisia arborescens, Euphorbia characias, Rhus coriaria, Thymus vulgaris, Lantana camara) were prepared and distributed on durum wheat cv Valbelice to evaluate their potential herbicidal effects. After crop harvesting, the major physicochemical and technological parameters of wholemeal flours obtained from each treatment were measured and compared with those from chemical weeding and untreated controls. A baking test was also performed to evaluate the breadmaking quality. In wholemeal flours obtained after the treatment with plant extracts protein and dry gluten content were higher than in control and chemical weeding. Wholemeal flours obtained after chemical weeding reached the highest Mixograph parameters, and that from durum wheat treated with R. coriaria extract demonstrated a very high α-amylase activity. We concluded that the treatments with plant water extracts may influence many quality traits of durum wheat. This occurrence must be taken into account in overall decisions concerning the use of plant extracts in pest and weed management practice.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, Univ. of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy. alessandra.carrubba@unipa.it.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carrubba
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, Univ. of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Comparato
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, Univ. of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Labruzzo
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria - Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee, Corso Savoia 190, 95024, Acireale (Catania), Italy.
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muccilli
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, Univ. of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Virgilio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Giannone
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria - Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee, Corso Savoia 190, 95024, Acireale (Catania), Italy.
authors.forename: Alfio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spina
mesh_terms: D001939:Bread / Q000032:analysis*; D005433:Flour / Q000032:analysis*; D005511:Food Handling; D063427:Food Quality; D005983:Glutens / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D000067348:Whole Grains / Q000737:chemistry*; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014867:Water; D005983:Glutens; D000516:alpha-Amylases
keywords: Maillard reaction; bread; cereal quality; phytochemicals; wholemeal flour