title: Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pulmonary Venous Hypertension: Epidemiology and Pathophysiology.
abstract: Pulmonary hypertension from left heart disease (PH-LHD) is the most common form of PH, defined as mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥25 mm Hg and pulmonary artery wedge pressure ≥15 mm Hg. PH-LHD development is associated with more severe left-sided disease and its presence portends a poor prognosis, particularly once right ventricular failure develops. Treatment remains focused on the underlying LHD and despite initial enthusiasm for PH-specific therapies, most studies have been disappointing and their routine clinical use cannot be recommended. More work is urgently needed to better understand the pathophysiology underlying this disease and to develop effective therapeutic strategies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Des Moines University, Iowa Heart Center, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA.
authors.forename: Craig B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Perkin Heart Failure Center, Weill Cornell Medical Center, 520 East 70th Street, Starr Pavilion, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10021, USA. Electronic address: horneve@med.cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Evelyn M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Horn
mesh_terms: D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D011669:Pulmonary Wedge Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Epidemiology; Left heart disease; Pathophysiology; Pulmonary hypertension; Valvular disease