title: Drivers and barriers to heat stress resilience.
abstract: Heatwaves are the most dangerous natural hazard to health in Australia. The frequency and intensity of heatwaves will increase due to climate change and urban heat island effects in cities, aggravating the negative impacts of heatwaves. Two approaches exist to develop population heat stress resilience. Firstly, the most vulnerable social groups can be identified and public health services can prepare for the increased morbidity. Secondly, the population level of adaptation and the heat stress resistance of the built environment can be increased. The evaluation of these measures and their efficiencies has been fragmented across research disciplines. This study explored the relationships between the elements of heat stress resilience and their potential demographic and housing drivers and barriers. The responses of a representative online survey (N=393) about heat stress resilience at home and work from Adelaide, South Australia were analysed. The empirical findings demonstrate that heat stress resistant buildings increased adaptation capacity and decreased the number of health problems. Air-conditioning increased dependence upon it, limited passive adaptation and only people living in homes with whole-house air-conditioning had less health problems during heatwaves. Tenants and respondents with pre-existing health conditions were the most vulnerable, particularly as those with health conditions were not aware of their vulnerability. The introduction of an Energy Performance Certificate is proposed and discussed as an effective incentive to increase the heat stress resistance of and the general knowledge about the built environment.
authors.affiliation: School of Information Technology & Mathematical Sciences, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia. Electronic address: gertrud.hatvani-kovacs@mymail.unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Gertrud
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hatvani-Kovacs
authors.affiliation: Barbara Hardy Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia. Electronic address: martin.belusko@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belusko
authors.affiliation: School of Management, University of South Australia, City West Campus, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. Electronic address: natalie.skinner@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.affiliation: Barbara Hardy Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia. Electronic address: john.pockett@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pockett
authors.affiliation: Centre for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia. Electronic address: john.boland@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boland
mesh_terms: D004779:Environment Design; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D013021:South Australia; D017132:Workplace
keywords: Adaptation; Buildings; Heatwaves; Self-reported health problems; Vulnerability