title: Multiple Risk Factor Interventions for Primary Prevention of CVD in LMIC: A Cochrane Review.
abstract: This study sought to determine the effectiveness of multiple risk factor interventions aimed at modifying major cardiovascular risk factors for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). We searched electronic databases for randomized controlled trials of health promotion interventions to achieve behavior change. The pooled effect indicated a reduction in systolic blood pressure (-6.72 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -9.82 to -3.61; I2= 91%), diastolic blood pressure (-4.40 mm Hg; 95% CI: -6.47 to -2.34; I2= 92%), body mass index (-0.76 kg/m2; 95% CI: -1.29 to -0.22; I2= 80%), and waist circumference (-3.31 cm; 95% CI: -4.77 to -1.86; I2= 55%) in favor of multiple risk factor interventions. There is some evidence that multiple risk factor interventions may lower blood pressure levels and anthropometrics in populations in LMIC settings at high risk of hypertension and diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Warwick Centre for Applied Health Research and Delivery, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Warwick, United Kingdom. Electronic address: olalekan.uthman@warwick.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Olalekan A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Uthman
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hartley
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rees
authors.affiliation: Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Shah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ebrahim
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Aileen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clarke
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D009017:Morbidity; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors