title: A multi-modal parcellation of human cerebral cortex.
abstract: Understanding the amazingly complex human cerebral cortex requires a map (or parcellation) of its major subdivisions, known as cortical areas. Making an accurate areal map has been a century-old objective in neuroscience. Using multi-modal magnetic resonance images from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) and an objective semi-automated neuroanatomical approach, we delineated 180 areas per hemisphere bounded by sharp changes in cortical architecture, function, connectivity, and/or topography in a precisely aligned group average of 210 healthy young adults. We characterized 97 new areas and 83 areas previously reported using post-mortem microscopy or other specialized study-specific approaches. To enable automated delineation and identification of these areas in new HCP subjects and in future studies, we trained a machine-learning classifier to recognize the multi-modal 'fingerprint' of each cortical area. This classifier detected the presence of 96.6% of the cortical areas in new subjects, replicated the group parcellation, and could correctly locate areas in individuals with atypical parcellations. The freely available parcellation and classifier will enable substantially improved neuroanatomical precision for studies of the structural and functional organization of human cerebral cortex and its variation across individuals and in development, aging, and disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Washington University Medical School, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Glasser
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Washington University Medical School, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Coalson
authors.affiliation: FMRIB centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.|Department of Computing, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
authors.forename: Emma C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Carl D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Hacker
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Washington University Medical School, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harwell
authors.affiliation: Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Essa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yacoub
authors.affiliation: Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ugurbil
authors.affiliation: FMRIB centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
authors.forename: Jesper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.affiliation: Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 EN, The Netherlands.|Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Postbus 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Christian F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Beckmann
authors.affiliation: FMRIB centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jenkinson
authors.affiliation: FMRIB centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Washington University Medical School, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Van Essen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D063132:Connectome; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D000069550:Machine Learning; D008297:Male; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D009445:Neuroanatomy / Q000379:methods*; D059906:Neuroimaging; D011336:Probability; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055815:Young Adult