title: Bone manipulation procedures in dental implants.
abstract: The use of dental implants for the rehabilitation of missing teeth has broadened the treatment options for patients and clinicians equally. As a result of advances in research in implant design, materials, and techniques, the use of dental implants has increased dramatically in the past two decades and is expected to expand further in the future. Success of dental implants depends largely on the quality and quantity of the available bone in the recipient site. This however may be compromised or unavailable due to tumor, trauma, periodontal disease, etc., which in turn necessitates the need for additional bone manipulation. This review outlines the various bone manipulation techniques that are used to achieve a predictable long-term success of dental implants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gian Sagar Dental College and Hospital, Ramnagar, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Yuvika
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gian Sagar Dental College and Hospital, Ramnagar, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Govind
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jindal
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gian Sagar Dental College and Hospital, Ramnagar, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garg
keywords: Bone expansion; bone grafts; guided bone regeneration; maxillary sinus lift