title: Fluorescent biosensors enabled by graphene and graphene oxide.
abstract: During the past few years, graphene and graphene oxide (GO) have attracted numerous attentions for the potential applications in various fields from energy technology, biosensing to biomedical diagnosis and therapy due to their various functionalization, high volume surface ratio, unique physical and electrical properties. Among which, graphene and graphene oxide based fluorescent biosensors enabled by their fluorescence-quenching properties have attracted great interests. The fluorescence of fluorophore or dye labeled on probes (such as molecular beacon, aptamer, DNAzymes and so on) was quenched after adsorbed on to the surface of graphene. While in the present of the targets, due to the strong interactions between probes and targets, the probes were detached from the surface of graphene, generating dramatic fluorescence, which could be used as signals for detection of the targets. This strategy was simple and economy, together with great programmable abilities of probes; we could realize detection of different kinds of species. In this review, we first briefly introduced the history of graphene and graphene oxide, and then summarized the fluorescent biosensors enabled by graphene and GO, with a detailed account of the design mechanism and comparison with other nanomaterials (e.g. carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles). Following that, different sensing platforms for detection of DNAs, ions, biomolecules and pathogens or cells as well as the cytotoxicity issue of graphene and GO based in vivo biosensing were further discussed. We hope that this review would do some help to researchers who are interested in graphene related biosening research work.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of System Biology, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800 China.
authors.forename: Honglu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aldalbahi
authors.affiliation: Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800 China.
authors.forename: Xiaolei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.affiliation: Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800 China.
authors.forename: Chunhai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of System Biology, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China. Electronic address: mixq@sari.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xianqiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D010087:Oxides; D006108:Graphite
keywords: Biosensor; Detection; Fluorescent; Graphene; Graphene oxide