title: Risk factors of lymph node metastasis in early gastric carcinomas diagnosed by WHO criteria in 379 Chinese patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate risk factors of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in Chinese early gastric carcinoma (EGC) patients diagnosed using the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and compare the differences in those factors between proximal (PGC) and distal gastric carcinoma (DGC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 3 176 gastric cancer resections we identified 379 (11.9%) consecutive EGC (104 PGC and 275 DGC) with lymphadenectomy performed at the Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University (Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China) between January 2005 and December 2012. Endoscopic and clinicopathological features related to LNM were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LNM occurred in 49 (12.9%) EGC, including three PGC and 46 DGC. In early DGC, middle age (41-60 years), tumor size ≥3.1 cm, submucosal invasion, poorly cohesive carcinoma, micropapillary adenocarcinoma and lymphovascular invasion were risk factors by univariate analysis. In contrast, no risk factors of LNM were identified in early PGC. By multivariate analysis, female sex (odds ratio [OR] 2.4), DGC (OR 8.1), poorly cohesive carcinoma (OR 8.8) and lymphovascular invasion (OR 38.8) were found to be significant independent risk factors for LNM. The risk of LNM was effectively stratified using a scoring model of mild (score ≤3.5), moderate (score 4.0-8.5) and high (score ≥16) risk groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LNM occurred in 12.9% of EGC diagnosed with the WHO criteria in Chinese patients. Independent risk factors of LNM were identified in early DGC only and included female sex, DGC, poorly cohesive carcinoma and lymphovascular invasion. Early PGC has a much lower risk for LNM than early DGC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.|Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Jiong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Jason S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Gui Fang
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Wen Jia
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. zouxiaoping795@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Xiao Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. qinhuang0122@gmail.com.|Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, Massachusetts, USA. qinhuang0122@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy; D005773:Gastroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Chinese; early gastric carcinoma; lymph node metastasis; risk factor; stomach