title: Insulin Resistance, Microbiota, and Fat Distribution Changes by a New Model of Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy in Obese Rats.
abstract: Metabolic surgery improves insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes possibly because of weight loss. We performed a novel sleeve gastrectomy in rats that resects ∼80% of the glandular portion, leaving the forestomach almost intact (glandular gastrectomy [GG]) and compared subsequent metabolic remodeling with a sham operation. GG did not affect body weight, at least after 10 weeks; improved hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity likely through increased Akt, glycogen synthase kinase 3, and AMPK phosphorylation; and reduced ectopic fat deposition and hepatic glycogen overaccumulation. Body adipose tissue was redistributed, with reduction of intraabdominal fat. We found a reduction of circulating ghrelin levels, increased GLP-1 plasma concentration, and remodeling of gut microbiome diversity characterized by a lower relative abundance of Ruminococcus and a higher relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Collinsella These data suggest that at least in rat, the glandular stomach plays a central role in the improvement of insulin resistance, even if obesity persists. GG provides a new model of the metabolically healthy obese phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Surgical-Medical Department for Digestive Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Basso
authors.affiliation: Surgical-Medical Department for Digestive Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Soricelli
authors.affiliation: Surgical-Medical Department for Digestive Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Castagneto-Gissey
authors.affiliation: Surgical-Medical Department for Digestive Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Casella
authors.affiliation: Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre-Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Albanese
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre-Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fava
authors.affiliation: Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre-Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Donati
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre-Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy.
authors.forename: Kieran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tuohy
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Angelini
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: La Neve
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Severino
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine III, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, U.K.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kamvissi-Lorenz
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine III, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, U.K.
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Birkenfeld
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine III, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, U.K.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bornstein
authors.affiliation: Research Unit for Multifactorial Diseases, Scientific Directorate, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Melania
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manco
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, U.K. Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy geltrude.mingrone@unicatt.it geltrude.mingrone@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Geltrude
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mingrone
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D005223:Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D005743:Gastrectomy; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D064307:Microbiota / Q000502:physiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D011182:Postoperative Care; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D045857:Ruminococcus / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005223:Fats; D007328:Insulin; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S