title: Vaginal-sparing ventral buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty for female urethral stricture: A novel modification of surgical technique.
abstract: To present a novel modification of surgical technique to treat female urethral stricture (FUS) by a vaginal-sparing ventral buccal mucosal urethroplasty. Recurrent FUS represents an uncommon, though difficult clinical scenario to manage definitively. A variety of surgical techniques have been described to date, yet a lack of consensus on the optimal procedure persists.
  
  
  
  We present a 51-year-old female with urethral stricture involving the entire urethra. Suspected etiology was iatrogenic from cystoscopy 17 years prior. Since then, the patient had undergone at least 25 formal urethral dilations and periods of self-dilation. In lithotomy position, the urethra was dilated to accommodate forceps, and ventral urethrotomy carried out sharply, exposing a bed of periurethral tissue. Buccal mucosa was harvested, and a ventral inlay technique facilitated by a nasal speculum, was used to place the graft from the proximal urethra/bladder neck to urethral meatus without a vaginal incision. Graft was sutured into place, and urethral Foley catheter inserted.
  
  
  
  The vaginal-sparing ventral buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty was deemed successful as of last follow-up. Flexible cystoscopy demonstrated patency of the repair at 6 months. At 10 months of follow-up, the patient was voiding well, with no urinary incontinence. No further interventions have been required.
  
  
  
  This case describes a novel modification of surgical technique for performing buccal mucosal urethroplasty for FUS. By avoiding incision of the vaginal mucosa, benefits may include reduced: morbidity, urinary incontinence, and wound complications including urethro-vaginal fistula.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Austin Hospital, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Australia.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hoag
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Austin Hospital, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Australia.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gani
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Austin Hospital, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Australia.
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chee
mesh_terms: D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D004106:Dilatation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000637:transplantation*; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000379:methods; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery*; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Buccal mucosa; Female; Reconstructive surgical procedures; Urethral stricture