title: Drinking "Vodka" or vodka - This is a question.
abstract: "Vodka" i.e. 2-methyl-2-butanol (2M2B) is growing in popularity as a substance of abuse, especially among East European youngsters. At present, there is not much data regarding its toxicity both in humans and animals. The direct effect of 2M2B on human tissue was evaluated and compared to that of two other alcohols (ethanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol). The used concentrations corresponded to those obtained from consumers of 2M2B. The experiments were carried out on HEK293 cell line with the use of the following techniques: MTT test, phase contrast and fluorescent microscopy. The MTT test indicated that the toxicity of 2M2B was comparable to that of ethanol, but it was much lower than that observed after 3-methyl-1-butanol (3M1B). The high toxicity of the latter alcohol was confirmed by the microscopy techniques. On the other hand, the toxicity of 2M2B - expressed by the reduction of the number of survived cells - was slightly higher compared to one induced by ethanol. Also, the values of pIC50 for each alcohol reflect its level of toxicity described above. On the basis of the literature data it is possible to argue that the toxicity of the tested alcohols results primarily from membrane damage induced by their solvent properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębowa 23, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland. Electronic address: izabelarusiecka@gumed.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Izabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rusiecka
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębowa 23, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland. Electronic address: tino@gumed.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gągało
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Kartuska 4/6, 80-104 Gdańsk, Poland; Pomeranian Centre of Toxicology, Kartuska 4/6, Gdańsk, Poland. Electronic address: jacek.anand@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jacek Sein
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Kartuska 4/6, 80-104 Gdańsk, Poland; Pomeranian Centre of Toxicology, Kartuska 4/6, Gdańsk, Poland. Electronic address: dariaschetz@gumed.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Daria
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schetz
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Kartuska 4/6, 80-104 Gdańsk, Poland; Pomeranian Centre of Toxicology, Kartuska 4/6, Gdańsk, Poland. Electronic address: waldman.wojciech@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Waldman
mesh_terms: D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000633:toxicity; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D000439:Pentanols / Q000633:toxicity*; D012997:Solvents / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000439:Pentanols; D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol; C032765:tert-amyl alcohol; C029683:isopentyl alcohol
keywords: 2-methyl-2-butanol; 2M2B; 3-methyl-1-butanol; Abuse; Ethanol; “Vodka”