title: Clinical Utility of Mindfulness Training in the Treatment of Fatigue After Stroke, Traumatic Brain Injury and Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fatigue is a common symptom following neurological illnesses and injuries, and is rated as one of the most debilitating sequela in conditions such as stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Yet effective treatments are lacking, suggesting a pressing need for a better understanding of its etiology and mechanisms that may alleviate the symptoms. Recently mindfulness-based interventions have demonstrated promising results for fatigue symptom relief.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Investigate the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions for fatigue across neurological conditions and acquired brain injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. We included randomized controlled trials applying mindfulness-based interventions in patients with neurological conditions or acquired brain injuries. Four studies (N = 257) were retained for meta-analysis. The studies included patients diagnosed with MS, TBI, and stroke.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The estimated effect size for the total sample was -0.37 (95% CI: -0.58, -0.17).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that mindfulness-based interventions may relieve fatigue in neurological conditions such as stroke, TBI, and MS. However, the effect size is moderate, and further research is needed in order to determine the effect and improve our understanding of how mindfulness-based interventions affect fatigue symptom perception in patients with neurological conditions.
authors.affiliation: Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden Norway.
authors.forename: Kristine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Ulrichsen
authors.affiliation: KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, NORMENT: Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo Norway.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
authors.affiliation: Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, NesoddenNorway; KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, NORMENT: Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, OsloNorway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, OsloNorway.
authors.forename: Erlend S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Dørum
authors.affiliation: Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, NesoddenNorway; KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, NORMENT: Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, OsloNorway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, OsloNorway.
authors.forename: Knut K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Kolskår
authors.affiliation: Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, NesoddenNorway; KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, NORMENT: Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, OsloNorway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, OsloNorway.
authors.forename: Geneviève
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.affiliation: KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, NORMENT: Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo Norway.
authors.forename: Dag
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alnæs
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioural Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo Norway.
authors.forename: Tone J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Arneberg
authors.affiliation: KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, NORMENT: Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, OsloNorway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, OsloNorway.
authors.forename: Lars T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Westlye
authors.affiliation: Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden Norway.
authors.forename: Jan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Nordvik
keywords: fatigue; meta-analysis; mindfulness; multiple sclerosis; stroke; traumatic brain injury