title: Improvement of COD removal by controlling the substrate degradability during the anaerobic digestion of recalcitrant wastewater.
abstract: The recalcitrant landfill leachate was anaerobically digested at various mixing ratios with labile synthetic wastewater to evaluate the degradation properties of recalcitrant wastewater. The proportion of leachate to the digestion system was increased in three equal steps, starting from 0% to 100%, and later decreased back to 0% with the same steps. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) for organic carbon and other components were calculated by analyzing the COD and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and the removal efficiencies of COD carbon and COD others were evaluated separately. The degradation properties of COD carbon and COD others shifted owing to changing of substrate degradability, and the removal efficiencies of COD carbon and COD others were improved after supplying 100% recalcitrant wastewater. The UV absorptive property and total organic carbon (TOC) of each molecular size using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with UVA and TOC detectors were also investigated, and the degradability of different molecular sizes was determined. Although the SEC system detected extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which are produced by microbes in stressful environments, during early stages of the experiment, EPS were not detected after feeding 100% recalcitrant wastewater. These results suggest that the microbes had acclimatized to the recalcitrant wastewater degradation. The high removal rates of both COD carbon and COD others were sustained when the proportion of labile wastewater in the substrate was 33%, indicating that the effective removal of recalcitrant COD might be controlled by changing the substrate's degradability.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-cho Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan; Asian People's Exchange, Inoue Building, Negishi 1-5-12, Taitou-ku, Tokyo, 110-0003, Japan. Electronic address: lotus_375@soka.gr.jp.
authors.forename: Minako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sciences and Biotechnology, Universiti Selangor, 45600, Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-cho Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toda
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D019149:Bioreactors; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002850:Chromatography, Gel / Q000379:methods; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Anaerobic digestion; COD (carbon) and COD (others); Recalcitrant wastewater; SEC; Substrate degradability