title: Soy milk powder supplemented with phytosterol esters reduced serum cholesterol level in hypercholesterolemia independently of lipoprotein E genotype: a random clinical placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: Phytosterols (PSs) are reported to lower the serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations enriched in some fatty foods, such as margarine. However, these high-fat foods are not very suitable for older people. Soy milk is the favorite food for elderly people in China; therefore, we hypothesized that the consumption of soy milk powder supplemented with PSs would decrease the serum cholesterol levels in older Chinese people independent of the genotypes of apolipoprotein E (ApoE). Mild to moderate hyperlipidemic patients (n = 170) were recruited from different communities and treated with placebo soy milk powder or 3.4 g PS esters-enriched soy milk powder (2.0 g/d free PS in 30 g soy milk powder). The fasting serum lipid profiles at the baseline and after 3 and 6 months of intervention were measured. The ApoE genotype was also determined. After 3 months of PS intervention, the serum lipid profile was not changed significantly in either group. The serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non- high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased by 9.3%, 11.4%, and 12.6%, respectively, in the PS group at the end of the intervention (6 months) compared with the control group, whereas the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels were not affected significantly. In the PS group, both the ApoE3 and ApoE4 carriers had a similar response to PS consumption. These findings suggested that PS-fortified soy milk powder was effective in lowering the serum cholesterol levels in older Chinese volunteers with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia in both the ApoE3 and ApoE4 carriers.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: susan_827@163.com.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: zhangranzdq@126.com.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Wang-si-ying Community Health Service Center, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100023, China. Electronic address: zfl19770902@126.com.
authors.forename: Ya-Cheng
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: haojiayinls@163.com.
authors.forename: Jia-Yin
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: zibeikeweiwei@163.com.
authors.forename: Wei-Wei
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Wang-si-ying Community Health Service Center, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100023, China. Electronic address: cxd2374@sina.com.
authors.forename: Xu-Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: xiaor22@ccmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: yuhlzjl@ccmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Huan-Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D002681:China; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004952:Esters / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified; D057141:Food, Preserved; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010919:Placebos; D041942:Soy Milk / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004952:Esters; D010840:Phytosterols; D010919:Placebos; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Hyperlipidemia; Plant sterol; Serum lipid profile; Soy milk powder