title: Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cyanobacterial Serine Protease Inhibitors Aeruginosin 828A and Cyanopeptolin 1020 in Human Hepatoma Cell Line Huh7 and Effects in Zebrafish (Danio rerio).
abstract: Intensive growth of cyanobacteria in freshwater promoted by eutrophication can lead to release of toxic secondary metabolites that may harm aquatic organisms and humans. The serine protease inhibitor aeruginosin 828A was isolated from a microcystin-deficient Planktothrix strain. We assessed potential molecular effects of aeruginosin 828A in comparison to another cyanobacterial serine protease inhibitor, cyanopeptolin 1020, in human hepatoma cell line Huh7, in zebrafish embryos and liver organ cultures. Aeruginosin 828A and cyanopeptolin 1020 promoted anti-inflammatory activity, as indicated by transcriptional down-regulation of interleukin 8 and tumor necrosis factor α in stimulated cells at concentrations of 50 and 100 µmol·L(-1) aeruginosin 828A, and 100 µmol·L(-1) cyanopeptolin 1020. Aeruginosin 828A induced the expression of CYP1A in Huh7 cells but did not affect enzyme activity. Furthermore, hatched zebrafish embryos and zebrafish liver organ cultures were exposed to aeruginosin 828A. The transcriptional responses were compared to those of cyanopeptolin 1020 and microcystin-LR. Aeruginosin 828A had only minimal effects on endoplasmic reticulum stress. In comparison to cyanopeptolin 1020 our data indicate that transcriptional effects of aeruginosin 828A in zebrafish are very minor. The data further demonstrate that pathways that are influenced by microcystin-LR are not affected by aeruginosin 828A.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW), Gr&#252;ndenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland. susanne.faltermann@fhnw.ch.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Faltermann
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW), Gr&#252;ndenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland. simon.hutter@students.fhnw.ch.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hutter
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW), Gr&#252;ndenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland. verena.christen@fhnw.ch.
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Christen
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW), Gr&#252;ndenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland. timm.hettich@fhnw.ch.
authors.forename: Timm
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hettich
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW), Gr&#252;ndenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland. karl.fent@bluewin.ch.|Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETHZ), CH-8092 Z&#252;rich, Switzerland. karl.fent@bluewin.ch.
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fent
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047630:Depsipeptides; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins / Q000494:pharmacology; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D047630:Depsipeptides; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; C000624944:aeruginosin 828A; C550047:cyanopeptolin 1020; C569463:CYP1A1 protein, human; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; C057862:cyanoginosin LR
keywords: aeruginosin; anti-inflammatory; cyanopeptolin; cytochrome P450; human hepatoma cells; microcystin; transcription analysis; zebrafish