title: Genomic analysis of Andamanese provides insights into ancient human migration into Asia and adaptation.
abstract: To shed light on the peopling of South Asia and the origins of the morphological adaptations found there, we analyzed whole-genome sequences from 10 Andamanese individuals and compared them with sequences for 60 individuals from mainland Indian populations with different ethnic histories and with publicly available data from other populations. We show that all Asian and Pacific populations share a single origin and expansion out of Africa, contradicting an earlier proposal of two independent waves of migration. We also show that populations from South and Southeast Asia harbor a small proportion of ancestry from an unknown extinct hominin, and this ancestry is absent from Europeans and East Asians. The footprints of adaptive selection in the genomes of the Andamanese show that the characteristic distinctive phenotypes of this population (including very short stature) do not reflect an ancient African origin but instead result from strong natural selection on genes related to human body size.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Mayukh
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0122-0323
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mondal
authors.affiliation: Servei de Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ferran
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Casals
authors.affiliation: BGI Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Computational Biology, Target Sciences, GSK R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK.
authors.forename: Giovanni M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Dall'Olio
authors.affiliation: Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pybus
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mihai G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Netea
authors.affiliation: Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Comas
authors.affiliation: Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.|Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
authors.forename: Hafid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Laayouni
authors.affiliation: BGI Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Qibin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Institute of BioMedical Genomics, Kalyani, India.
authors.forename: Partha P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Majumder
authors.affiliation: Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.|Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Jaume
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0100-0590
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bertranpetit
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics*; D001208:Asia; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D005828:Genetics, Population; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D063426:Human Migration; D006801:Humans; D010641:Phenotype; D012641:Selection, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers