title: The association between dairy product intake and cardiovascular disease mortality in Chinese adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the relation of dairy intake with risk of CVD mortality in middle-aged and elderly Chinese in Singapore.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Singapore Chinese Health Study is a population-based cohort that recruited 63,257 Chinese adults aged 45-74 years from 1993 to 1998 in Singapore. A validated 165-item semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire was used to assess usual diet at recruitment. Mortality information was obtained via registry linkage up to December 31, 2011. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) with adjustment for potential confounders, including socio-demographic, lifestyle, and other dietary factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among those without prior history of CVD, the multivariate-adjusted HRs (95 % CIs) comparing the highest (median intake 252 g/d) with lowest (median intake 1.32 g/d) quartiles of total dairy intake were 0.95 (0.87-1.04; P-trend = 0.64) for CVD death, 0.99 (0.89-1.11; P-trend = 0.76) for coronary heart disease (CHD) death, and 0.82 (0.69-0.97; P-trend = 0.03) for stroke death. The significant inverse association with stroke mortality was stronger in men (comparing the highest with the lowest quartiles, HR = 0.71; 95 % CI 0.55-0.92; P-trend = 0.006) than in women (HR = 0.86; 0.65-1.12; P-trend = 0.23), and the interaction test was significant (P = 0.03). No statistically significant associations between total dairy intake and CVD mortality were observed in participants with prior history of CVD (all P-trend >0.40).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a cohort of Chinese adults with generally low dairy consumption, higher intake of dairy products was associated with a decreased risk of stroke mortality, particularly in men.
authors.affiliation: Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Talaei
authors.affiliation: Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.|Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Woon-Puay
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.|Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Jian-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China. panan@hust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: An
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003611:Dairy Products; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Chinese; Coronary heart disease; Dairy; Mortality; Stroke