title: Dynamic anoxic ferruginous conditions during the end-Permian mass extinction and recovery.
abstract: The end-Permian mass extinction, ∼252 million years ago, is notable for a complex recovery period of ∼5 Myr. Widespread euxinic (anoxic and sulfidic) oceanic conditions have been proposed as both extinction mechanism and explanation for the protracted recovery period, yet the vertical distribution of anoxia in the water column and its temporal dynamics through this time period are poorly constrained. Here we utilize Fe-S-C systematics integrated with palaeontological observations to reconstruct a complete ocean redox history for the Late Permian to Early Triassic, using multiple sections across a shelf-to-basin transect on the Arabian Margin (Neo-Tethyan Ocean). In contrast to elsewhere, we show that anoxic non-sulfidic (ferruginous), rather than euxinic, conditions were prevalent in the Neo-Tethys. The Arabian Margin record demonstrates the repeated expansion of ferruginous conditions with the distal slope being the focus of anoxia at these times, as well as short-lived episodes of oxia that supported diverse biota.
authors.affiliation: School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK.
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Clarkson
authors.affiliation: School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.affiliation: School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Poulton
authors.affiliation: Institute of Earth Sciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 26, 8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: S
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5424-3540
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Richoz
authors.affiliation: School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.affiliation: Department of Geosciences and MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28334 Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kasemann
authors.affiliation: School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bowyer
authors.affiliation: Institute for Palaeontology, Vienna University, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Krystyn