title: Parental bonding and neuropsychological performance are associated with episodic simulation of future events in trauma-exposed patients with major depressive disorder.
abstract: Major depressive disorder (MDD) and trauma-related disorders are associated with deficits in remembering the past and imagining the future (i.e., episodic simulation). We examined parental bonding and neuropsychological performance in relation to episodic simulation in trauma-exposed patients with recurrent MDD.
  
  
  
  Trauma-exposed patients with MDD (n = 21) and matched controls (n = 20) completed a future-oriented Autobiographical Interview, the Parental Bonding Instrument, and a standardized neuropsychological battery.
  
  
  
  Patients with major depressive disorder generated fewer episodic details for future neutral events compared to controls. Although higher reported levels of maternal care were associated with increased specificity of negative future events among the patient group, higher maternal overprotection was related to decreased specificity of negative and positive future events. Higher levels of performance on measures of intelligence, verbal memory, executive functioning, and sustained attention were associated with increased specificity of future events.
  
  
  
  Maternal relations during childhood and neuropsychological performance are related to the specificity of episodic simulation in adult patients with MDD. Childhood experience continues to influence memory performance into adulthood.
authors.affiliation: McMaster Integrative Neuroscience Discovery and Study McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada; Mood Disorders Program St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Ontario Canada.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parlar
authors.affiliation: Mood Disorders Program St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Ontario Canada.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Mood Disorders Program St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Ontario Canada.
authors.forename: Zeeshan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Haqqee
authors.affiliation: Mood Disorders Program St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Ontario Canada.
authors.forename: Latisha
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rhooms
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada.
authors.forename: Ruth A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Lanius
authors.affiliation: McMaster Integrative Neuroscience Discovery and Study McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada; Mood Disorders Program St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Ontario Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada; Homewood Research Institute Guelph Ontario Canada.
authors.forename: Margaret C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: McKinnon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D007837:Latency Period, Psychological; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Autobiographical memory; childhood attachment; depression; episodic simulation; neuropsychology; relationship quality; trauma