title: Quantification of hypoglycin A as butyl ester.
abstract: L-α-amino-methylenecyclopropyl propionic acid (Hypoglycin A, HGA) has been found to be the toxic compound in fruits of the Sapindaceae family causing acute intoxication when ingested as food or feed. Clinical symptoms are consistent with acquired multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD). Ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure HGA after butylation. Sample volumes were 10μL for serum and 20μL for urine. Internal standard for HGA was d3-leucine, samples were plotted on a 7-point linear calibration curve. Coefficients of variation were <15% at 0.01μmol HGA/L and ≤4.1% at 10μmol/L. R(2) values for linearity were ≥0.995. In order to quantify non-metabolized HGA together with some of its metabolites plus a spectrum of acyl glycines and acyl carnitines typical for acquired MADD in one single analysis HGA measurement was integrated into a method which we previously developed for metabolites of HGA and acyl conjugates. The new method is suitable for biochemical diagnosis of Ackee fruit poisoning or atypical myopathy in horses and for forensic purposes in cases of suspected HGA poisoning.
authors.affiliation: Screening-Labor Hannover, Postbox 91 10 09, 30430 Hannover, Germany. Electronic address: j.sander@metabscreen.de.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.affiliation: Screening-Labor Hannover, Postbox 91 10 09, 30430 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terhardt
authors.affiliation: Screening-Labor Hannover, Postbox 91 10 09, 30430 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.affiliation: Screening-Labor Hannover, Postbox 91 10 09, 30430 Hannover, Germany; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Janzen
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004951:Esterification; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D006736:Horses; D007005:Hypoglycins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D054069:Multiple Acyl Coenzyme A Dehydrogenase Deficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D010939:Plant Poisoning / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D029631:Sapindaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007005:Hypoglycins; C041757:hypoglycin
keywords: Acquired multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency; Atypical myopathy of horses; Hypoglycine A; Jamaican vomiting sickness; Methylenecyclopropyl acetate