title: Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis in a patient with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.
abstract: We described a female patient with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis occurring sequentially with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). The 19-year-old patient initially presented a diencephalic syndrome with aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G antibodies (AQP4-IgG) and brain lesions which involving bilateral medial temporal lobes and periependymal surfaces of the third ventricle on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ten months later, the patient developed cognitive impairment, psychiatric symptoms and dyskinesia with left basal ganglia lesions on brain MRI. Meanwhile, the anti-NMDAR antibodies were positive in the patient's serum and cerebrospinal fluid, while the screening tests for an ovarian teratoma and other tumors were all negative. Hence, the patient was diagnosed NMOSD and anti-NMDAR encephalitis followed by low-dose rituximab treatment with a good response. This case was another evidence for demyelinating syndromes overlapping anti-NMDAR encephalitis in Chinese patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China. Electronic address: luojj1986@126.com.
authors.forename: Jing-Jing
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China. Electronic address: cranehebmu@sina.com.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China. Electronic address: sunweibjmu@163.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1, Dongjiaominxiang Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China. Electronic address: zhj7509@163.com.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China. Electronic address: haohj1963@126.com.
authors.forename: Hong-Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China. Electronic address: gaofh2011@126.com.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China. Electronic address: ynhuang@sina.com.
authors.forename: Yi-Ning
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D060426:Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009471:Neuromyelitis Optica / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy; D000069283:Rituximab / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D000069283:Rituximab
keywords: Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis; Aquaporin-4; Demyelination; N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor; Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders