title: Assessment of bioactive metabolites and hypolipidemic effect of polyphenolic-rich red cabbage extract.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide and the consumption of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra DC. - Brassicaceae) has been linked with the reduction risk of chronic diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study assesses the bioactive metabolites and hypolipidemic effect of red cabbage on rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The content of total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, ascorbic acid and antioxidant capacity were assessed, while individual phenolic acids and flavonoids were detected using reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Acute hypolipidemic activity of aqueous extract of red cabbage (RC - 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) was investigated using a Triton WR-1339 (400 mg/kg) induced hyperlipidemic Wistar rats compared to fenofibrate (65 mg/kg).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HPLC analysis of extracts revealed eight phenolic acids, gallic, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, m-coumaric, syringic, caffeic, cinnamic, dicaffeoylquinic and three flavonoids, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, gallocatechin. Furthermore, the aqueous extract showed higher amounts of total phenolics (116.00 mg/g), flavonoids (161.32 μg/g) and, antioxidant activity (87.19%) than the hydromethanolic (89.33 mg/g, 123.34 μg/g and 75.07%), respectively. The RC significantly (p < 0.001) ameliorated the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoproteins alterations in hyperlipidemic rats without toxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Herein, the RC presented the higher amounts of phenolics and flavonoids comparing with the hydromethanolic extract. Additionally, the RC showed as the majority compounds, dicaffeoylquinic and cinnamic acids, and the flavonoids epicatechin and gallocatechin. Furthermore, the RC demonstrated a beneficial effect against hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, demonstrating its potential therapeutic effect on these risk factors of cardiovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: a Laboratório de Análise de Substâncias Bioativas, Departamento de Ciências Naturais , Universidade Regional de Blumenau , Blumenau , SC , Brazil.
authors.forename: Alice Buss
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: b Laboratório de Morfogênese e Bioquímica Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias , Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Itacorubi, Florianópolis , SC , Brazil.
authors.forename: Heloísa da Silva
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Pitz
authors.affiliation: a Laboratório de Análise de Substâncias Bioativas, Departamento de Ciências Naturais , Universidade Regional de Blumenau , Blumenau , SC , Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Veber
authors.affiliation: a Laboratório de Análise de Substâncias Bioativas, Departamento de Ciências Naturais , Universidade Regional de Blumenau , Blumenau , SC , Brazil.
authors.forename: Larissa Alida
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Bini
authors.affiliation: b Laboratório de Morfogênese e Bioquímica Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias , Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Itacorubi, Florianópolis , SC , Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maraschin
authors.affiliation: a Laboratório de Análise de Substâncias Bioativas, Departamento de Ciências Naturais , Universidade Regional de Blumenau , Blumenau , SC , Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Lúcia Bertarello
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Zeni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001937:Brassica; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Bioactive compounds; Brassica oleareacea; Triton WR-1339; hypolipidemic effect; lipid profile; phenolics