title: Scoring Systems Used to Predict Bladder Dysfunction After Laparoscopic Rectal Cancer Surgery.
abstract: Postoperative bladder dysfunction often occurs after rectal cancer surgery, necessitating long-term urinary catheter drainage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of early catheter removal and to propose scoring systems that may predict urinary dysfunction after laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery.
  
  
  
  A total of 110 patients who underwent elective laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery were included in this prospective observational study. The urinary catheter was removed on the first postoperative day.
  
  
  
  The overall incidence of bladder dysfunction was 29.1 % (32/110). The incidence of bladder dysfunction was significantly higher in patients with an age of 65 years or older, male gender, and anastomosis levels from the anal verge of 6 cm or below (P = 0.03, 0.002, and 0.03, respectively). By setting a cut-off of two of the risk factors, this simple scoring system can predict postoperative bladder dysfunction with sensitivity of 96.9 %, specificity of 50.0 %, and accuracy of 63.6 %. A scoring system based on regression coefficients was also conducted according to the following formula: bladder dysfunction predicting score = 18 (1 for male or 0 for female) +0.5 (age, years) -2 (anastomosis level, cm). With this method, a cut-off value of 35+ points predicts postoperative bladder dysfunction with a sensitivity of 81.3 %, specificity of 71.8 %, and accuracy of 74.5 %.
  
  
  
  Bladder dysfunction after laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery following early catheter removal occurred in 29.1 % of patients. Two scoring systems using three risk factors (age, male gender, and anastomosis level) may predict postoperative bladder dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29, Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03181, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Ook
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Sam
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29, Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03181, Korea. hungdai.kim@samsung.com.
authors.forename: Hungdai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29, Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03181, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Ryol
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29, Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03181, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Uk
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29, Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03181, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho-Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Chun
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000601:surgery*; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D020878:Device Removal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014546:Urinary Catheterization