title: A practical approach to low protein diets in Sweden- 45 years of clinical use.
abstract: This review provides an overview of the development, implementation and practise of low protein diets (LPD) in Sweden. While the current practice is discussed in general terms emphasizing the interplay between nephrologists and dieticians, the "self-selected" LPD model is explained as a practical approach to facilitated patient's adherence to the nutritional therapy. This model is currently implemented in most clinics of the country and gives considerable flexibility regarding variation in meal planning, food selection, amounts consumed, cooking methods as well as adaptations to day-to-day changes. Current LPD use in Sweden is presented through analysis of the Swedish Renal Registry. Finally two patient cases are illustrated, with examples on their diets, attempts to reduce the protein content to the desired thresholds and their clinical course.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden. Sintra.eyre@vgregion.se.
authors.forename: Sintra
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0421-2188
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eyre
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Faxén-Irving
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Per-Ola
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Attman
authors.affiliation: Division of Renal Medicine (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska, Sweden.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.affiliation: Division of Renal Medicine (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska, Sweden.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Windahl
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, Academic University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sigrid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wegener
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andersén
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska, Sweden.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nykvist-Raanaes
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Einemo
authors.affiliation: Division of Renal Medicine (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska, Sweden.
authors.forename: Juan-Jesus
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Carrero
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004046:Dietetics; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000178:diet therapy*; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance; D057240:Patient Preference; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D013548:Sweden; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins
keywords: Chronic Kidney failure; Diet; Dietary proteins; Nutrition therapy; Protein restriction