title: Prevalence of malnutrition, diarrhea, and acute respiratory infections among under-five children of Sugali tribe of Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Over a period, tribal population has migrated to cities in search of livelihood. Data on various health problems of the tribes are sparse. Sugalis constitute the third largest tribe in Andhra Pradesh and have settlements in urban areas.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence of malnutrition, diarrhea, and acute respiratory infections (ARI) among under-five children of Sugali tribe living in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh state in South India.
  
  
  METHODS
  A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in four community blocks/mandals in 2012. A total of 500 Sugali households with under-five were identified. Demographic details, episodes of diarrhea, and ARI among under-five children and treatment/care seeking behavior were collected from mothers/care givers by interview. Nutritional status was assessed using new WHO standards.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the total 669 children in these 500 households, 343 (51.3%) were girls and 326 (48.7%) were boys. In the last 1 month, 21.4% (18.4-24.6) reported diarrhea and 51.6% (47.7-55.3) reported ARI. The prevalence of underweight, wasting, and stunting among under-five children was 32.7% (29.1-36.4), 18.3% (15.3-21.4), and 38.3% (34.2-41.9), respectively. Majority (70%) sought treatment for illness in modern system of medicine and only few continued with the practice of herbs and traditional medicine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite living in urban area, the tribal children had high prevalence of malnutrition, diarrhea, and ARI, though lower compared to other tribes in India possibly due to improved access to health care services. Efforts need to be strengthened for social inclusion of tribes into mainstream.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Venkatashiva B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Yadlapalli S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kusuma
authors.affiliation: Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Chandrakant S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Pandav
authors.affiliation: Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Anil Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Goswami
authors.affiliation: Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krishnan
keywords: Acute respiratory tract infection; diarrhea; malnutrition; scheduled tribe; treatment seeking behavior