title: Highly sensitive detection of influenza virus by boron-doped diamond electrode terminated with sialic acid-mimic peptide.
abstract: The progression of influenza varies according to age and the presence of an underlying disease; appropriate treatment is therefore required to prevent severe disease. Anti-influenza therapy, such as with neuraminidase inhibitors, is effective, but diagnosis at an early phase of infection before viral propagation is critical. Here, we show that several dozen plaque-forming units (pfu) of influenza virus (IFV) can be detected using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode terminated with a sialic acid-mimic peptide. The peptide was used instead of the sialyloligosaccharide receptor, which is the common receptor of influenza A and B viruses required during the early phase of infection, to capture IFV particles. The peptide, which was previously identified by phage-display technology, was immobilized by click chemistry on the BDD electrode, which has excellent electrochemical characteristics such as low background current and weak adsorption of biomolecules. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that H1N1 and H3N2 IFVs were detectable in the range of 20-500 pfu by using the peptide-terminated BDD electrode. Our results demonstrate that the BDD device integrated with the receptor-mimic peptide has high sensitivity for detection of a low number of virus particles in the early phase of infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan;
authors.forename: Teruhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan;
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ujie
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan;
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan;
authors.forename: Miku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akahori
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan; JST-ACCEL, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Einaga
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan; sato@bio.keio.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Toshinori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D001895:Boron / Q000737:chemistry*; D018130:Diamond / Q000737:chemistry*; D058266:Dielectric Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D018130:Diamond; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid; D001895:Boron
keywords: boron-doped diamond electrode; click chemistry; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; influenza virus; sialic acid-mimic peptide