title: Management of Frostbite.
abstract: In brief: Frostbite is freezing of the body's outer tissues or 'shell.' Whereas superficial frostbite can be reversed with swift thawing, deep frostbite kills tissue and may cause lasting disability. However, taking sensible precautions can usually prevent this condition. In the field, keeping the frostbitten part clean will prevent infection; when the person reaches shelter, rescuers should rewarm the person and the frozen part in water that is warm to the touch, relieve pain with analgesics, and treat infection with antibiotics. When the person is transported to a hospital, measures to consider include physical therapy, medical or surgical sympathectomy, fasciotomy, and-as a last resort-amputation.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Steele
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Taunton