title: Expression of Myxovirus Resistance A (MxA) Is Associated with Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2)-Positive Breast Cancers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has been determined in breast cancers. Interferons can affect T-cell activity through direct and indirect mechanisms. Myxovirus resistance A (MxA) is an excellent marker of interferon activity. Here,we evaluated TILs and MxA expression in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety cases of hormone receptor (HR)+/HER2+ tumors and 78 cases of HR-/HER2+ tumors were included. The TILs level was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin-stained full face sections, and MxA expressionwas evaluated by immunohistochemistrywith a tissue microarray.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MxA protein expression was significantly higher in tumors with high histologic grade (p=0.023) and high levels of TILs (p=0.002). High levels of TILs were correlated with high histological grade (p=0.001), negative lymphovascular invasion (p=0.007), negative lymph node metastasis (p=0.007), absence of HR expression (p < 0.001), abundant tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) around ductal carcinomain situ(p=0.018), and abundant TLSs around the invasive component (p < 0.001). High levels of TILs were also associated with improved disease-free survival, particularly in HR-/HER2+ breast cancers. However, MxA was not a prognostic factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High expression of MxA in tumor cells was associated with high levels of TILs in HER2-positive breast cancers. Additionally, a high level of TILs was a prognostic factor for breast cancer, whereas the level of MxA expression had no prognostic value.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: So Jeong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Cheong-Soo
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Keum
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Jeong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.
authors.forename: Nari
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Hoon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Un
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Do Youn
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Hun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Gi Young
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Sol
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Gyungyub
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.
authors.forename: Jee Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Ahrong
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; C579071:MX1 protein, human; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human
keywords: Breast neoplasms; Myxovirus resistance proteins; Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes