title: Efficient genetic transformation and regeneration system from hairy root of Origanum vulgare.
abstract: Origanum vulgare L is commonly known as a wild marjoram and winter sweet which has been used in the traditional medicine due to its therapeutic effects as stimulant, anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and many other diseases. A reliable gene transfer system via Agrobacterium rhizogenes and plant regeneration via hairy roots was established in O. vulgare for the first time. The frequency of induced hairy roots was different by modification of the co-cultivation medium elements after infection by Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains K599 and ATCC15834. High transformation frequency (91.3 %) was achieved by co-cultivation of explants with A. rhizogenes on modified (MS) medium. The frequency of calli induction with an 81.5 % was achieved from hairy roots on MS medium with 0.25 mg/L(-1) 2,4-D. For shoot induction, initiated calli was transferred into a medium containing various concentrations of BA (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mg/L(-1)). The frequency of shoot generation (85.18 %) was achieved in medium fortified with 0.25 mg/L(-1) of BA. Shoots were placed on MS medium with 0.25 mg/l IBA for root induction. Roots appeared and induction rate was achieved after 15 days.
authors.affiliation: Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná Brazil ; Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, DF Brazil.
authors.forename: Peyman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Habibi
authors.affiliation: Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná Brazil ; Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, DF Brazil ; Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Fatima Grossi
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: de Sa
authors.affiliation: Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná Brazil.
authors.forename: André Luís Lopes
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and the Biotron, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7 Canada.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Makhzoum
authors.affiliation: Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná Brazil.
authors.forename: Jefferson
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: da Luz Costa
authors.affiliation: Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná Brazil.
authors.forename: Ivo Albertto
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Borghetti
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, DF Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Ricardo
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Soccol
keywords: Agrobacterium rhizogenes; Calli; Hairy roots; Origanum vulgare; Regeneration