title: Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in depression: Results from Animal and Clinical Studies.
abstract: Evidence suggests that plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a stress-related factor, and serum PAI-1 levels are increased in patients with major depressive disorders (MDD). Herein, we analysed PAI-1 protein levels in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of rodents exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress or treated with escitalopram. In addition, we examined PAI-1 concentrations in serum obtained from 17 drug-free depressed patients before and after escitalopram treatment. We found that PAI-1 expression was increased in area 1 of the cingulate cortex and prelimbic cortex of the medial prefrontal cortex as well as in the hippocampal cornu ammonis 3 and dentate gyrus in stressed rats. A downregulation of PAI-1 following chronic escitalopram treatment was also found. PAI-1 levels were higher in the CSF and serum in stressed rats than in controls, although the difference did not reach statistical significance in the serum. Escitalopram treatment significantly decreased PAI-1 levels in the serum, but not in the CSF. MDD patients had significantly greater serum PAI-1 concentrations than controls. Our results suggest that PAI-1 is implicated in the pathophysiology of depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.|Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Haitang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, ZhongDa Hospital, Neuropsychiatric Institute, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.|Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Suzhen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.|Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.|Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.|Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jinfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, ZhongDa Hospital, Neuropsychiatric Institute, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhijun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.|Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yonggui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015283:Citalopram / Q000494:pharmacology; D003863:Depression / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015283:Citalopram; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator