title: Anti-neuroinflammatory activities of indole alkaloids from kanjang (Korean fermented soy source) in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 microglial cells.
abstract: Kanjang (Korean soy sauce) is a byproduct of the production of the Korean fermented soybean. In the present study, seven indole alkaloid derivatives were isolated from methanol extract of kanjang. Their structures were identified as 1-propyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (1), 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (2), 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-1-carboxylic acid (3), 3-indoleacetic acid (4), Nb-acetyltryptamine (5), 1-methyl-3,4-dihydro-β-carboline (6), and flazine (7) by NMR and MS analyses. Preliminary screening for anti-neuroinflammatory effects of isolated indole alkaloids in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 cells revealed that these compounds inhibited the production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2. For the subsequent investigation of anti-neuroinflammatory action of these metabolites, compounds 4 and 7 were selected, and the results revealed that these inhibitory effects correlated with the suppressive effect of 4 and 7 on inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. In regards to the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect, 4 and 7 significantly inhibited the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Cheol
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea; Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: Tran Hong
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Quang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chi-Su
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea; Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: Nguyen Thi Thanh
authors.initials: NTT
authors.lastname: Ngan
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Baekhyun-Dong, Bundang-Ku, Sungnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 13539, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Il
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Baekhyun-Dong, Bundang-Ku, Sungnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 13539, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: So-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea; Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: yckim@wku.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Youn-Chul
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea; Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hoh@wonkwang.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hyuncheol
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D002243:Carbolines / Q000737:chemistry; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D026121:Indole Alkaloids / Q000737:chemistry; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D007249:Inflammation; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D045730:Soy Foods / Q000032:analysis*; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002243:Carbolines; D026121:Indole Alkaloids; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C038114:1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid; C054910:1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid; C030737:indoleacetic acid; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D015232:Dinoprostone
keywords: Anti-neuroinflammation; Indole alkaloids; Kanjang (Korean soy sauce); NF-κB