title: Haarlem 3 is the predominant genotype family in multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the capital of Iran: A 5-year survey.
abstract: The objective of this study was to further understand the genetic diversity of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates prevalent in Tehran, the capital city of Iran. From January 2010 to March 2015, a total of 723 M. tuberculosis strains were isolated from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). A total of 23 MDR, pre-XDR and XDR M. tuberculosis isolates were genotyped by spoligotyping and 24-loci mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable-number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing. The results showed that the MDR, pre-XDR and XDR M. tuberculosis strains mainly belonged to the Haarlem 3 genotype (11/23; 47.8%), followed by the Beijing family (9/23; 39.1%). In addition, the 23 strains were clustered into 21 genotypes using a 24-loci MIRU-VNTR. In conclusion, Haarlem 3 genotype was the predominant genotype among the isolates from MDR-TB cases in this study, which could be of special concern.
authors.affiliation: Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 358, 12th Farwardin Ave., Jomhhoori St., Tehran 1316943551, Iran; Department of Microbiology, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran.
authors.forename: Sharereh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khanipour
authors.affiliation: Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 358, 12th Farwardin Ave., Jomhhoori St., Tehran 1316943551, Iran.
authors.forename: Nayereh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ebrahimzadeh
authors.affiliation: Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 358, 12th Farwardin Ave., Jomhhoori St., Tehran 1316943551, Iran; Department of Microbiology, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran.
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masoumi
authors.affiliation: Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 358, 12th Farwardin Ave., Jomhhoori St., Tehran 1316943551, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sakhaei
authors.affiliation: Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 358, 12th Farwardin Ave., Jomhhoori St., Tehran 1316943551, Iran.
authors.forename: Farhad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alinezhad
authors.affiliation: Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 358, 12th Farwardin Ave., Jomhhoori St., Tehran 1316943551, Iran.
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Safarpour
authors.affiliation: Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 358, 12th Farwardin Ave., Jomhhoori St., Tehran 1316943551, Iran.
authors.forename: Abolfazl
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fateh
authors.affiliation: Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 358, 12th Farwardin Ave., Jomhhoori St., Tehran 1316943551, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nour Nematollahi
authors.affiliation: Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 358, 12th Farwardin Ave., Jomhhoori St., Tehran 1316943551, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hadizadeh Tasbiti
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Zolfaghari
authors.affiliation: Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 358, 12th Farwardin Ave., Jomhhoori St., Tehran 1316943551, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Bahrmand
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mirsaeidi
authors.affiliation: Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 358, 12th Farwardin Ave., Jomhhoori St., Tehran 1316943551, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rahimi Jamnani
authors.affiliation: Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 358, 12th Farwardin Ave., Jomhhoori St., Tehran 1316943551, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: farzam_vaziri@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Farzam
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vaziri
authors.affiliation: Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 358, 12th Farwardin Ave., Jomhhoori St., Tehran 1316943551, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Davar
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Siadat
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D054908:Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000382:microbiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: 24-Loci MIRU-VNTR; Haarlem 3; MDR-TB; Spoligotyping