title: High-Risk Cardiac Disease in Pregnancy: Part I.
abstract: The incidence of pregnancy in women with cardiovascular disease is rising, primarily due to the increased number of women with congenital heart disease reaching childbearing age and the changing demographics associated with advancing maternal age. Although most cardiac conditions are well tolerated during pregnancy and women can deliver safely with favorable outcomes, there are some cardiac conditions that have significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this paper is to review the available published reports and provide recommendations on the management of women with high-risk cardiovascular conditions during pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. Electronic address: elkayam@usc.edu.
authors.forename: Uri
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Elkayam
authors.affiliation: Heart Institute, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Sorel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goland
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Petronella G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Pieper
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto Obstetric Medicine and Pregnancy and Heart Disease Program, Toronto Congenital Cardiac Centre for Adults, Mount Sinai Hospital and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Candice K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Silverside
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: myocardial infarction; pregnancy; prosthetic valves; valvular heart disease