title: Evaluation of Risk Factors Associated with First Episode Febrile Seizure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Febrile seizure (FS) is the single most common type of seizure seen in children between 6 months to 5 years of age. The purpose of our study was to identify the risk factors associated with the first episode of febrile seizures, which would help in the better management and preventive measures in children at risk for FS episodes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the risk factors associated with the first episode of febrile seizures in Indian children.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a hospital based, case control study. The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with the first FS episode in children. Seventy (70) children between age 6 months to 5 years with their first episode of FS were compared with 70 children with fever but without seizures based on various risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 24.90±16.11 months in cases and 26.34±16.93 months in controls. Male: female ratio was 2:1. A positive family history was found in 31.4% of first degree and 11.4% in second degree relatives. Mean maximum temperature was 102.06±1.1°F and URI (upper respiratory infection) was most common cause of fever. Antenatal complication was significantly higher in the case group. RBC (Red Blood Cells) indices like lower mean haemoglobin, MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume), MCH (Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin concentration) and higher RDW (Red Cell Distribution Width) values were seen in patients. Serum sodium, Serum calcium and random blood sugar values of the cases were significantly lower than those of controls (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows that male gender, family history of febrile seizures, peak body temperature, underlying cause of fever, antenatal complications, low serum calcium, sodium, blood sugar and microcytic hypochromic anaemia are the risk factors associated with the occurrence of first episode of febrile seizure and, thus, preventive measures in removing these risk factors could lead to a decrease in incidence of FS.
authors.affiliation: Senior Resident, Department of Pediatric Medicine, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital , New Delhi, India .
authors.forename: Indar Kumar
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Sharawat
authors.affiliation: Senior Resident, Department of Pediatric Medicine, SMS Medical College , Jaipur, India .
authors.forename: Jitender
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Senior Resident, Department of Pediatric Medicine, AIIMS , New Delhi, India .
authors.forename: Lesa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dawman
authors.affiliation: Senior Resident, Department of Pediatric Medicine, AIIMS , New Delhi, India .
authors.forename: Amitabh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
keywords: Anaemia; Children; Family history; Upper respiratory infection