title: Accurate spike estimation from noisy calcium signals for ultrafast three-dimensional imaging of large neuronal populations in vivo.
abstract: Extracting neuronal spiking activity from large-scale two-photon recordings remains challenging, especially in mammals in vivo, where large noises often contaminate the signals. We propose a method, MLspike, which returns the most likely spike train underlying the measured calcium fluorescence. It relies on a physiological model including baseline fluctuations and distinct nonlinearities for synthetic and genetically encoded indicators. Model parameters can be either provided by the user or estimated from the data themselves. MLspike is computationally efficient thanks to its original discretization of probability representations; moreover, it can also return spike probabilities or samples. Benchmarked on extensive simulations and real data from seven different preparations, it outperformed state-of-the-art algorithms. Combined with the finding obtained from systematic data investigation (noise level, spiking rate and so on) that photonic noise is not necessarily the main limiting factor, our method allows spike extraction from large-scale recordings, as demonstrated on acousto-optical three-dimensional recordings of over 1,000 neurons in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), CNRS and Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7289, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille 13005, France.|CNRS FRE-3693, Unité de Neurosciences Information et Complexité, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Deneux
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, Institut de Neuroscience des Systèmes, Marseille 13005, France.|Inserm, UMR_S 1106, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille Cedex 5 13385, France.
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaszas
authors.affiliation: Two-Photon Imaging Center, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest 1083, Hungary.
authors.forename: Gergely
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Szalay
authors.affiliation: Two-Photon Imaging Center, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest 1083, Hungary.|Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest 1083, Hungary.
authors.forename: Gergely
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4173-0355
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Katona
authors.affiliation: Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), CNRS and Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7289, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille 13005, France.|Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest 1083, Hungary.
authors.forename: Tamás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lakner
authors.affiliation: Neurobiology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
authors.forename: Amiram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grinvald
authors.affiliation: Two-Photon Imaging Center, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest 1083, Hungary.|Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest 1083, Hungary.
authors.forename: Balázs
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rózsa
authors.affiliation: Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), CNRS and Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7289, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille 13005, France.
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vanzetta
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D002138:Calibration; D003198:Computer Simulation; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D017208:Rats, Wistar