title: The co-induced effects of molybdenum and cadmium on the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and trace element contents in duck kidneys.
abstract: The aims of this study were determining the co-induced effects of dietary Cadmium (Cd) and high intake of Molybdenum (Mo) on renal toxicity in ducks. 240 healthy 11-day-old ducks were randomly divided into 6 groups, which were treated with Mo or/and Cd at different doses added to the basal diet for 120 days. Ducks of control group were fed with basal diet, LMo and HMo groups were fed with 15mg/kg Mo and 100mg/kg Mo respectively; ducks of Cd group were provided with 4mg/kg Cd which was added into basal diet. Two combination groups were treated with 15mg/kg Mo+4mg/kg Cd and 100mg/kg Mo+4mg/kg Cd respectively. On days 30, 60, 90 and 120, the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and contents of trace elements were detected. In addition, transmission electron microscopic examination was used for ultrastructural studies. The results indicated that the mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) showed an upward tendency in treatment groups in comparison with control group, and in the later period of the experiment it showed a significant rise in joint groups compared with the Mo and Cd group (P<0.01); the contents of copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) decreased in joint groups in the later period (P<0.05) while the contents of Mo and Cd significantly increased (P<0.01); zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) concentration had a slight downtrend in treated groups, but showed no significant difference (P>0.05). The ultrastructural analysis showed that kidney tissues were severely injured in joint groups on day 120. These results suggested that the combination of Mo and Cd could aggravate damages to the kidney. In addition, dietary of Mo or/and Cd caused the decrease of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Se contents, inflammatory response and pathological lesions whose mechanism is somehow linked with Mo and Cd deposition in kidney.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China.
authors.forename: Huabin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China.
authors.forename: Feiyan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China.
authors.forename: Qingyang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaoquan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China. Electronic address: hgljx3818@163.com.
authors.forename: Guoliang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China. Electronic address: zhangcaiying0916@163.com.
authors.forename: Caiying
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004372:Ducks / Q000378:metabolism*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D008982:Molybdenum / Q000633:toxicity*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014131:Trace Elements; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002104:Cadmium; D008982:Molybdenum; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2
keywords: Cadmium; Inflammatory cytokine; Kidney; Molybdenum; Trace element