title: Chemical, microscopic, and microbiological analysis of a functionalized poly-ether-ether-ketone-embedding antibiofilm compounds.
abstract: Poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) is currently introduced as an alternative material for orthopedic implants due to its biocompatibility and low elastic modulus compared to titanium. Also, a sulphonation treatment can functionalize PEEK to embed therapeutical substances. The objective of this work was to functionalize a PEEK film to incorporate novel lactam-based antibiofilms compounds. PEEK samples were functionalized by sulphuric acid treatment and then dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide, where lactams were added to be incorporated into the polymer. A dip-coating technique was used to synthesize a thin film on a glass-based substrate. The degree of sulfonation (DS) and the incorporation of lactams into sulphonated PEEK (sPEEK) were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy. A DS of 65% was obtained and TGA curves confirmed the presence of SO3H and lactams in the sPEEK structure. The growth of Streptococcus mutans biofilm decreased on sPEEK surface containing lactams when compared to sPEEK free of lactams. That indicated the antibiofilm activity of those compounds was maintained after incorporation into sPEEK. Planktonic growth analysis showed no long distant effects of sPEEK containing lactams, indicating that no systemic effects should be expected upon clinical uses of medical devices produced with lactam-treated sPEEK. Results revealed that inclusion of lactams into sPEEK represents a good alternative for the production of biomaterials resistant to bacterial accumulation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 3015-3020, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Center for Research on Dental Implants (CEPID), School of Dentistry (ODT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis/SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juan F D
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Montero
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.|Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa/MG 36570-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz C A
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa/MG 36570-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ulisses A
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering (EMC), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis/SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Guilherme M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Barra
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering (EMC), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis/SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcio C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Fredel
authors.affiliation: Center for Research on Dental Implants (CEPID), School of Dentistry (ODT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis/SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cesar A M
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Benfatti
authors.affiliation: Center for Research on Dental Implants (CEPID), School of Dentistry (ODT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis/SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Magini
authors.affiliation: Department of Biologie, Université De Cergy Pontoise, 2, Av. Adolphe Chauvin, Cergy Pontoise, 95302, France.
authors.forename: Andréa L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Pimenta
authors.affiliation: Center for Research on Dental Implants (CEPID), School of Dentistry (ODT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis/SC, 88040-900, Brazil. ricardo.magini@gmail.com.|Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS), Department of Mechanical Engineering (DEM), Guimarães, 4800-058, Portugal. ricardo.magini@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Júlio C M
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Souza
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001577:Benzophenones; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007659:Ketones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007769:Lactams / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011108:Polymers; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001577:Benzophenones; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D007659:Ketones; D007769:Lactams; D011108:Polymers; C063834:polyetheretherketone; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols
keywords: PEEK; Streptococcus mutans; biofilm; biofilm inhibition; lactam; rubrolide derivatives; sPEEK