title: Impact of Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy on Gut Microbiota in F344 Rats: Pilot Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate changes in gut microbiota composition following long-term proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four-week-old F344 rats were fed diets with (n=6) or without (n=5) lansoprazole for 50 weeks. Profiles of luminal microbiota in the terminal ileum were then analyzed. Pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was performed using an FLX genome sequencer (454 Life Sciences/Roche).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rats treated with lansoprazole showed significantly reduced body weights compared to controls (lansoprazole-treated rats and controls, 322.3±15.3 g vs 403.2±5.2 g, respectively, p<0.001). However, stool frequencies and consistencies did not differ between the two groups. The composition of the gut microbiota in lansoprazole-treated rats was quite different from that of the controls. In the controls, the microbiota profiles obtained from the terminal ileum showed a predominance ofProteobacteria(93.9%) due to the abundance ofEscherichiaandPasteurellagenera. Conversely, lansoprazole-treated rats showed an elevated population ofFirmicutes(66.9%), which was attributed to an increased ratio ofClostridium g4toLactobacillusgenera.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary study suggests that long-term administration of PPI may cause weight loss and changes to the microbiota in the terminal ileum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Cheol Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Nayoung
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology and Digestive Disease Research Institute, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Sung
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Ryoung Hee
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Ho
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yeong-Jae
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Seok
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon-Ran
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Joo-Hyon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: NAR Center, Inc., Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Joo Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Chae
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects*; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D064747:Lansoprazole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods; D013995:Time
chemical_list: D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D064747:Lansoprazole
keywords: Clostridium; Gastrointestinal microbiome; Proton pump inhibitors; Small bowel intestinal overgrowth