title: Cigarette Smoking and Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Adherence in a Sample of Heavy Drinking HIV-Infected Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM).
abstract: Cigarette smoking and heavy alcohol use is prevalent among HIV-infected men who sex with men (MSM) and have been linked to imperfect antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. Our study examined the correlates of smoking and whether smoking was independently associated with imperfect adherence in heavy-drinking HIV-infected MSM. Of the 185 participants, approximately half (n = 91, 49.2 %) reported having smoked cigarettes in the past 30 days. Current smokers were more likely to have reported imperfect adherence compared to non-smokers (37.4.2 vs. 22.3 %, p < 0.05). In multivariable regression analyses, only lower education was significantly associated with imperfect adherence. This study demonstrated that the greatest risk factor for smoking and imperfect ART adherence was low socioeconomic status, in which MSM of color were over-represented. As the first study to examine smoking and ART adherence in this population, our study has the potential to inform the clinical care provided to heavy-drinking MSM.
authors.affiliation: Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-4, Providence, RI, 02912, USA. patricia_cioe@brown.edu.
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Cioe
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Kristi E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Gamarel
authors.affiliation: University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Pantalone
authors.affiliation: Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-4, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Monti
authors.affiliation: Harvard University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.|Fenway Community Health Center, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.affiliation: Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-4, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Kahler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000073865:Cigarette Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D000072339:Sexual and Gender Minorities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult; D016903:Drug Monitoring
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents
keywords: Adherence; HIV; Men who have sex with men (MSM); Smoking