title: Delayed cortical gray matter development in neonates with severe congenital heart disease.
abstract: This study aimed to assess cortical gray matter growth and maturation in neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD).
  
  
  
  Thirty-one (near) term neonates with severe CHD (8 univentricular heart malformation (UVH), 21 d-transposition of great arteries (d-TGA) and 2 aortic coarctation) underwent cerebral MRI before (postnatal-day 7) and after (postnatal-day 24) surgery. Eighteen controls with similar gestational age had one MRI (postnatal-day 23). Cortical gray matter volume (CGM), inner cortical surface (iCS), and median cortical thickness were extracted as measures of volumetric growth, and gyrification index (GI) as measure of maturation.
  
  
  
  Over a median of 18 d, CGM increased by 21%, iCS by 17%, thickness and GI both by 9%. Decreased postoperative CGM and iCS were seen for CHD compared to controls (P values < 0.01), however with similar thickness and GI. UVH showed lower postoperative iCS, thickness (P values < 0.05) and GI (P value < 0.01) than d-TGA and controls. Infants requiring preoperative balloon-atrioseptostomy (BAS, 61%) had reduced postoperative CGM, iCS, and GI (P values < 0.05).
  
  
  
  Infants with severe CHD show reduced cortical volumes compared to controls with gyrification being delayed in UVH, but not in d-TGA. Infants requiring BAS show higher risk of impaired cortical volume and gyrification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nathalie H P
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Claessens
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands.|Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Centre Utrecht,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pim
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moeskops
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buchmann
authors.affiliation: Child Development Center, University Children´s Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.|Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Latal
authors.affiliation: Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.|Department of Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Knirsch
authors.affiliation: Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.|Diagnostic Imaging, University Children´s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ianina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Scheer
authors.affiliation: Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Centre Utrecht,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Išgum
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Linda S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Manon J N L
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Benders
authors.affiliation: Child Development Center, University Children´s Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.|Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.|Developmental Pediatrics, SPZ, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: von Rhein
mesh_terms: D001017:Aortic Coarctation / Q000150:complications; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014188:Transposition of Great Vessels / Q000150:complications