title: Instant noodles, processed food intake, and dietary pattern are associated with atopic dermatitis in an adult population (KNHANES 2009-2011).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The incidence of atopic dermatitis (AD) is continuously increasing in industrialized countries, possibly due to dietary and lifestyle changes. However, the association between processed food intake and AD has not been studied in a large adult population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the association between dietary habits and AD in 17,497 adults in the 2009-2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 4 dietary patterns using principal components analysis of a 63-item food frequency questionnaire: the "traditional dietary pattern", rich in rice and kimchi; the "processed food pattern", with more meat, instant noodles, soda, and processed foods; the "healthy dietary pattern", high in grains, vegetables, fruits, and seaweeds; and the "drinking dietary pattern", mainly drinking coffee and alcohol. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for AD were calculated according to dietary patterns after adjusting for potential confounders with incorporation of sample weights for the complex sample design. The "meat and processed food" pattern was associated with a significant 1.57 fold higher OR for atopic dermatitis than the low consumption group. Further analysis revealed that the increased atopic dermatitis was most closely associated with instant noodles. In contrast, the groups with high intake of rice and kimchi exhibited lower ORs, 0.38 and 0.43 folds, compared to the low intake group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consuming instant noodles, meat and processed foods was associated with increased prevalence of atopic dermatitis, whereas consuming rice and kimchi, and coffee was associated with decreased prevalence of atopic dermatitis.
authors.affiliation: Deptartment of Food and Nutrition, Diabetes/Obesity Center, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea.
authors.forename: Sunmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Deptartment of Statistics, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Seok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Deptartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea. Email: jhb@kmu.ac.kr; drjhbae@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Ji-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Bae
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects; D003069:Coffee; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015930:Diet Records; D057140:Fast Foods / Q000009:adverse effects; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D005502:Food / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005511:Food Handling; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012275:Oryza; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee