title: Carbapenem inactivation: a very affordable and highly specific method for phenotypic detection of carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates compared with other methods.
abstract: This investigation was undertaken to compare phenotypic and molecular methods for detection of carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A total of 245 non-duplicated isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected from hospitalized patients. Disc diffusion method was used to identify carbapenem-resistant bacteria. Three phenotypic methods, including Modified Hodge Test (MHT), Modified Carba NP (MCNP) test and Carbapenem Inactivation Method (CIM) were used for investigation of carbapenemase production. In addition, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect carbapenemase encoding genes. Of 245 P. aeruginosa isolates investigated, 121 isolates were carbapenem-resistant. Among carbapenem-resistant isolates, 40, 39 and 35 isolates exhibited positive results using MHT, MCNP test and CIM, respectively. PCR indicated the presence of carbapenemase genes in 35 of carbapenem-resistant isolates. MHT showed low sensitivity and specificity for carbapenemase detection among P. aeruginosa isolates in comparison to PCR. CIM was most affordable and highly specific than MCNP test compared with the molecular method.
authors.affiliation: a Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.|b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Taghi
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Akhi
authors.affiliation: a Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.|b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.|e Social Security Organization, Emam Reza Hospital , Urmia , Iran.
authors.forename: Younes
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Khalili
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghotaslou
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein Samadi
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kafil
authors.affiliation: c Faulty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Virology , Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia , Iran.
authors.forename: Saber
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yousefi
authors.affiliation: d Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.
authors.forename: Behroz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nagili
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Goli
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015780:Carbapenems / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D052978:Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests / Q000191:economics; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D007492:Iran; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D058889:Molecular Typing / Q000191:economics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000382:microbiology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018440:beta-Lactam Resistance; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D015780:Carbapenems; D001618:beta-Lactamases; C063912:carbapenemase
keywords: Carba NP test; Carbapenem inactivation method; Carbapenem resistance; Modified Hodge test; Pseudomonas aeruginosa