title: Improvement of macular edema without discontinuation of fingolimod in a patient with multiple sclerosis: A case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Generally, fingolimod administration is simply discontinued when fingolimod-associated macular edema (ME) appears, and the majority of cases are said to recover spontaneously. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the 1st report regarding improvement of ME without discontinuation of fingolimod administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient was a 66-year-old woman with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. She was started on treatment with fingolimod to prevent recurrence, after which she developed ME that was probably due to fingolimod. The patient expressed a strong fear of recurrence if fingolimod was discontinued, so we continued fingolimod therapy and followed up the patient frequently. The ME improved after approximately 1 year without any need for concomitant treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We believe that the continuation of fingolimod therapy with strict follow-up examination is one option for treatment, though strategies for managing rapid deterioration of ME should be borne in mind.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisanao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogura
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akamatsu
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000139:chemically induced*; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride