title: Programmed cell death 1 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and association with clinical characteristics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and association with clinical characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2009 to December 2014, 88 patients with ESCC were retrospectively included in this study. Eighty-eight cancer tissues, 35 paraneoplastic atypical hyperplasia tissues (PAHTs), and 30 relative normal esophageal tissues (RNETs) were collected and tested for expression of PD-1 by immunohistochemistry assay. The PD-1 expression and clinical characteristics of the ESCC patients were evaluated. The prognosis of the ESCC patients was compared between the PD-1 positive and negative patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PD-1 positive rate was 51.2% (45/88), 22.9% (8/35), and 6.7% (2/30) for the cancer tissue, PAHT, and RNET, respectively, with statistical difference (P < 0.05); The PD-1 expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05) and pathology grade (P < 0.05). The median overall survival was 29.8 months and 32.1 months for the PD-1 positive and negative groups without statistical difference (hazard ratio = 1.00, 95% confidence interval = 0.58-1.71, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PD-1 may play a key role in the process of carcinogenesis of ESCC but not associated with prognosis and overall survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, PR China.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, PR China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiang-Lei
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, PR China.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hai-Tao
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, PR China.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zuo-Pei
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, PR China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bao-Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, PR China.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hai-Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, PR China.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xiao-Long
authors.affiliation: Henan University Nursing College, Kaifeng City, Henan 475004, PR China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D000077277:Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor