title: Radiation Protection for the Fluoroscopy Operator and Staff.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purposes of this article are to review available data regarding the range of protection devices and garments with a focus on eye protection and to summarize techniques for reducing scatter radiation exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fluoroscopy operators and staff can greatly reduce their radiation exposure by wearing properly fitted protective garments, positioning protective devices to block scatter radiation, and adhering to good radiation practices. By understanding the essentials of radiation physics, protective equipment, and the features of each imaging system, operators and staff can capitalize on opportunities for radiation protection while minimizing ergonomic strain. Practicing and promoting a culture of radiation safety can help fluoroscopy operators and staff enjoy long, productive careers helping patients.
authors.affiliation: 1 Radiology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, San Diego, CA 92161.|2 Department of Radiology, UC San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA.
authors.forename: Quinn C
authors.initials: QC
authors.lastname: Meisinger
authors.affiliation: 1 Radiology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, San Diego, CA 92161.|2 Department of Radiology, UC San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA.
authors.forename: Cosette M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Stahl
authors.affiliation: 1 Radiology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, San Diego, CA 92161.|2 Department of Radiology, UC San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA.
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Andre
authors.affiliation: 1 Radiology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, San Diego, CA 92161.|2 Department of Radiology, UC San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA.
authors.forename: Thomas B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Kinney
authors.affiliation: 1 Radiology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, San Diego, CA 92161.|2 Department of Radiology, UC San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA.
authors.forename: Isabel G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Newton
mesh_terms: D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011481:Protective Clothing; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D000069079:Radiation Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017751:Safety Management; D014481:United States
keywords: cataracts; dose estimation; fluoroscopy; interventional radiology; quality improvement; radiation biology; radiation dose; radiation protection; radiation risk