title: Benexate hydrochloride betadex modulates nitric oxide synthesis and cytokine expression in gastric ulcers.
abstract: The present study investigated benexate hydrochloride betadex (BHB)-mediated ulcer healing, and changes to microcirculation modulated through nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and anti-inflammatory activity. A rat model of gastric mucosal injury was established through injection of a 60% acetic acid solution into the stomach. Following ulcer induction, the rats were administered BHB orally for 5 days at doses of 0, 100, 300 or 1,000 mg/kg. The highest dose of BHB was also administered with or without L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME). The area of gastric ulcers was determined by planimetry, and expression of cyclooxygenases (COX), cytokines and NOS in stomach tissues were measured using western blotting. Compared with the control group, gastric ulcer size was significantly decreased in the 1,000 mg/kg BHB-treated group (P<0.05). Administration of BHB led to a significant increase in endothelial (e)NOS expression (P<0.05). Although acetic acid co-treatment with L-NAME induced more severe mucosal damage, BHB decreased COX expression and tumor necrosis factor-α levels when administered with the nitric oxide inhibitor, L-NAME (P<0.05). BHB exhibited protective effects in a rat model of gastric ulcers, which were associated with a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and the activation of eNOS.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Youn
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yoonjin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ye Ji
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyuk Soon
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Sun
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Keum
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon Seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon Tae
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Jeen
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hong Sik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soon Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Um
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Duck
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Sang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Donggeun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sul
authors.affiliation: Department of Control and Instrumentation Engineering, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Junghwa
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hoon Jai
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chun
keywords: benexate hydrochloride betadex; cytokine; nitric oxide; stomach; ulcer