title: Biological properties of mud extracts derived from various spa resorts.
abstract: Spa resorts are known for thousands of years for their healing properties and have been empirically used for the treatment of many inflammatory conditions. Mud is one of the most often used natural materials for preventive, healing and cosmetic reasons and although it has been used since the antiquity, little light has been shed on its physical, chemical and biological properties. In this study we examined the effect of mud extracts on the expression of adhesion molecules (CAMs) by endothelial cells as well as their effects on monocyte adhesion to activated endothelial cells. Most of mud extracts inhibited the expression of VCAM-1 by endothelial cells and reduced monocyte adhesion to activated endothelial cells, indicating a potent anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, the mud extracts were tested for their antimicrobial activity; however, most of them appeared inactive against S. aureus and S. epidermidis. One of the mud extracts (showing the best stabilization features) increased significantly the expression of genes involved in cell protection, longevity and hydration of human keratinocytes, such as, collagen 6A1, forkhead box O3, sirtuin-1, superoxide dismutase 1 and aquaporin-3. The present study reveals that mud exerts important beneficial effects including anti-inflammatory and anti-aging activity as well as moisturizing effects, implicating important cosmeceutical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, M. Asias 75, 11527, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Eliana
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Spilioti
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, M. Asias 75, 11527, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vargiami
authors.affiliation: Scientific Affairs Department, APIVITA SA, Industrial Park of Markopoulo Mesogaias, 19003, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Letsiou
authors.affiliation: Scientific Affairs Department, APIVITA SA, Industrial Park of Markopoulo Mesogaias, 19003, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gardikis
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras and FORTH-ICEHT Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Varvara
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sygouni
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras and FORTH-ICEHT Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Petros
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koutsoukos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, 15771, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chinou
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, M. Asias 75, 11527, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kassi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, M. Asias 75, 11527, Athens, Greece. pmoutsatsou@med.uoa.gr.|Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, University Hospital "Attiko", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini, Chaidari, 12462, Athens, Greece. pmoutsatsou@med.uoa.gr.
authors.forename: Paraskevi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moutsatsou
mesh_terms: D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D009000:Monocytes / Q000502:physiology; D009094:Mud Therapy; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D012987:Soil; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
keywords: Endothelial cells; Inflammation; Keratinocytes; Mud; Skin aging