title: Increased levels of inflammatory mediators and proinflammatory monocytes in patients with type I diabetes mellitus and nephropathy.
abstract: To investigate and describe the relationship between diabetic nephropathy and systemic inflammation in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
  
  
  
  Patients with T1DM, with or without reduced renal function due to diabetic nephropathy, were included. Differences in inflammatory mediators, adhesion molecules, markers of endothelial dysfunction and subsets of monocytes were studied in patients with mean disease duration of 31years.
  
  
  
  Patients with T1DM with and without renal failure were compared. Patients with nephropathy had increased plasma levels of proinflammatory monocytes, as well as circulatory PAI-1, syndecan-1, VEGF, IL-1β, IL-1Ra and CCL4. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with nephropathy numerically increased soluble ICAM and PAI-1 in co-culture with primary endothelial cells compared to cells from patients without nephropathy.
  
  
  
  T1DM patients with kidney failure have higher levels of proinflammatory monocytes and circulatory inflammatory mediators compared to patients with T1DM alone. The results highlight the importance of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy with reduced GFR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: ingridbenedicte@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ingrid Benedicte Moss
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Kolseth
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Trine Marita
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Reine
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Akershus University Hospital, Norway.
authors.forename: Krystina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sudworth
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Akershus University Hospital, Norway; Department of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Bartlomiej J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Witczak
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplant Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; The Metabolic and Renal Research Group, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Trond Geir
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Jenssen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Svein Olav
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Kolset
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C573420:ICAM1 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
keywords: Endothelial dysfunction; Inflammation; Monocyte; Nephropathy; Type 1 diabetes mellitus