title: Bioengineering of Artificial Lymphoid Organs.
abstract: This review addresses the issue of bioengineering of artificial lymphoid organs.Progress in this field may help to better understand the nature of the structure-function relations that exist in immune organs. Artifical lymphoid organs may also be advantageous in the therapy or correction of immunodefficiencies, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. The structural organization, development, and function of lymphoid tissue are analyzed with a focus on the role of intercellular contacts and on the cytokine signaling pathways regulating these processes. We describe various polymeric materials, as scaffolds, for artificial tissue engineering. Finally, published studies in which artificial lymphoid organs were generated are reviewed and possible future directions in the field are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova str. 32, 119991, Moscow, Russia ; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Leninskie Gory 1, bldg. 12, 119991, Moscow, Russia ; Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nosenko
authors.affiliation: Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova str. 32, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Drutskaya
authors.affiliation: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Leninskie Gory 1, bldg. 12, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Moisenovich
authors.affiliation: Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova str. 32, 119991, Moscow, Russia ; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Leninskie Gory 1, bldg. 12, 119991, Moscow, Russia ; Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Nedospasov
keywords: artificial lymphoid organ; bioengineering; polymeric scaffold; stromal cells