title: Metals bioaccumulation and biomarkers responses in the Neotropical freshwater clam Anodontites trapesialis: Implications for monitoring coal mining areas.
abstract: As one of the most impactful industries, coal mining can promote several alterations at surrounding environment. In surface water, elevated concentrations of metals like Mn, Zn, Fe and Al are often observed. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the bioaccumulation and the sub-lethal effects of these metals on various organs of the Neotropical bivalve Anodontites trapesialis confined along a stream located near a coal mine, in order to assess a set of biomarkers that could be used for effectively monitoring coal mining areas. Clams were caged, for 96h, at two sites located upstream (Up1 and Up2) and two sites downstream (Dw1 and Dw2) from the mine. Metals bioaccumulation was determined in gills, mantle, digestive gland, muscle and hemolymph and the following biomarkers were measured in A. trapesialis tissues: total antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals, metallothionein content, lipid peroxidation (LPO), proteins carbonylation, glutathione S-transferase activity, superoxide dismutase activity and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. The results showed that Al and Fe bioaccumulation in the gills and hemolymph, Al bioaccumulation in the mantle and muscle, increased LPO in the gills (Dw1 and Dw2) and mantle (Dw1), as well as reduced AChE activity in the muscle (Dw1 and Dw2) should be considered effective biomarkers for monitoring coal mining areas. A. trapesialis proved to be an efficient biological model, considering that biomarkers responses were observed in the clams after only 96h of confinement at Dw sites, accordingly this species could be a good candidate for monitoring Neotropical freshwaters.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Animal - Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, C.P. 10011, CEP: 86051-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brasil.
authors.forename: Luciana Fernandes de
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Animal - Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, C.P. 10011, CEP: 86051-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brasil.
authors.forename: Millena Terezinha
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Cabral
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Animal - Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, C.P. 10011, CEP: 86051-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brasil.
authors.forename: Carlos Eduardo Delfino
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Animal - Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, C.P. 10011, CEP: 86051-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brasil.
authors.forename: Matheus Henrique
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Antoniazzi
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Animal - Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, C.P. 10011, CEP: 86051-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brasil.
authors.forename: Wagner Ezequiel
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Risso
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Animal - Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, C.P. 10011, CEP: 86051-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brasil. Electronic address: cbueno@uel.br.
authors.forename: Claudia Bueno Dos Reis
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Martinez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000378:metabolism*; D003032:Coal Mining; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D008670:Metals / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008670:Metals; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Acetylcholinesterase; Bioaccumulation; Biomarkers; In situ test; Lipid peroxidation; Metals