title: Doppler ultrasound of the placenta and maternal and fetal vessels during normal gestation in captive agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha, Wagler, 1831).
abstract: The use of ultrasound for pregnancy monitoring is critical for the evaluation of hemodynamic parameters essential to fetal viability. In the present study, using B-mode and Doppler ultrasound, we characterized the placenta, subplacenta, maternal, and fetal vessels during normal gestation of healthy agoutis raised in captivity. In total, 30 agoutis were obtained from the Center for the Study and Preservation of Wild Animals, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Piauí (Núcleo de Estudos e Preservação de Animais Silvestres-NEPAS, Centro de Ciências Agrárias-CCA, Universidade Federal do Piauí-UFPI). These animals were subjected to B-mode and Doppler ultrasound examinations to evaluate their maternal and fetal hemodynamic profiles. The placenta was located in the mesometrial region and had a discoid, ellipsoid, or globular aspect. With spectral Doppler, characteristic systolic and diastolic flow was observed in the umbilical artery. This flow increased during pregnancy. A cross-sectional view revealed a goblet-shaped placenta. The uteroplacental blood flow was characterized by a marked increase in systolic peak velocity during pregnancy, the presence of a rapid deceleration ramp, and a relatively high diastolic speed. The fetal aortic vascular flow was predominantly systolic and diastolic. The caudal vena cava blood flow was characterized by a systolic peak followed by a decreased diastolic wave throughout pregnancy. In the present study, we characterized the morphologic and hemodynamic interactions of the placenta/subplacenta with maternal and fetal vessels in agoutis at 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 days gestation using B-mode and Doppler ultrasound. We determined the approximation and separation of the blood flow values of the umbilical artery, subplacental flow, uteroplacental artery, fetal aorta, and fetal vena cava. We believe these values may contribute to an understanding of the gestational biology and aid delivery prediction in this species.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medical Science, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco C A
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Animal Science Program, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gerson T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Pessoa
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Animal Science Program, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
authors.forename: Laecio S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Medicine Undergraduate Course, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renan P S
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anaemilia N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Diniz
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Animal Science Program, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
authors.forename: André B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Animal Science Program, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elzivânia G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Medicine Undergraduate Course, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marina P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Sanches
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Animal Science Program, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
authors.forename: Osmar F
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Silva-Filho
authors.affiliation: State University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
authors.forename: Porfirio C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
authors.forename: João M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Morphophysiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
authors.forename: Willams C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Neves
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Morphophysiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. Electronic address: flavioribeiro@ufpi.edu.br.
authors.forename: Flávio R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Alves
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000662:veterinary; D065468:Dasyproctidae / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D010920:Placenta / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000662:veterinary*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000662:veterinary*; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D055988:Uterine Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
keywords: Fetal echocardiography; Hystricomorpha; Placenta; Rodent; Subplacenta