title: Rapid Detection of Bacteria from Blood with Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy.
abstract: Traditional methods for identifying pathogens in bacteremic patients are slow (24-48+ h). This can lead to physicians making treatment decisions based on an incomplete diagnosis and potentially increasing the patient's mortality risk. To decrease time to diagnosis, we have developed a novel technology that can recover viable bacteria directly from whole blood and identify them in less than 7 h. Our technology combines a sample preparation process with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The sample preparation process enriches viable microorganisms from 10 mL of whole blood into a 200 μL aliquot. After a short incubation period, SERS is used to identify the microorganisms. We further demonstrated that SERS can be used as a broad detection method, as it identified a model set of 17 clinical blood culture isolates and microbial reference strains with 100% identification agreement. By applying the integrated technology of sample preparation and SERS to spiked whole blood samples, we were able to correctly identify both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli 97% of the time with 97% specificity and 88% sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer Center for Manufacturing Innovation, 15 Saint Mary's Street, Brookline, Massachusetts 02446, United States.
authors.forename: Anna K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Boardman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University , 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.
authors.forename: Winnie S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University , 8 Saint Mary's Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.
authors.forename: W Ranjith
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Premasiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University , 8 Saint Mary's Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.
authors.forename: Lawrence D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.
authors.forename: Jean C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University , 200 College Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States.
authors.forename: Milos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miljkovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University , 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.|Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University , 110 Cummington Mall, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Klapperich
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer Center for Manufacturing Innovation, 15 Saint Mary's Street, Brookline, Massachusetts 02446, United States.|Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University , 110 Cummington Mall, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharon
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer Center for Manufacturing Innovation, 15 Saint Mary's Street, Brookline, Massachusetts 02446, United States.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University , 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.
authors.forename: Alexis F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Sauer-Budge
mesh_terms: D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000295:instrumentation; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013499:Surface Properties