title: Exploring outcomes and evaluation in narrative pedagogy: An integrative review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify narrative pedagogy learning outcomes and evaluation methods used for pre-licensure nursing students. Recommend areas for expanding narrative pedagogy research.
  
  
  METHODS
  An integrative review using a modified version of Cooper's 1998 framework, as described by Whittemore and Knafl (2005).
  
  
  METHODS
  A computer-assisted search of the literature from 1995 to 2015 was performed using the search terms narrative pedagogy and nursing. Databases included the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Academic Search Premier, Educational Resources Information Center, Educational Research Complete, Medline, PsychArticles, PsychINFO, and the Teacher Reference Center. Ancestry searches led to the inclusion of additional articles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six texts met the criteria for full review and were evaluated for methodological rigor and relevance to the review aims. Nine articles achieved an acceptable quality score and were used for thematic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Learning outcomes associated with narrative pedagogy were grouped into five themes: thinking, empowerment, interconnectedness, learning as a process of making meaning, and ethical/moral judgment. Multiple methods of evaluation are necessary to evaluate these learning outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Narrative pedagogy may be a beneficial philosophical approach to teaching. However, at this time, there is insufficient evidence to recommend its universal adoption. It is too broad in its approach to reliably measure its effectiveness. Future research should examine the effectiveness of specific teaching strategies to promote desired learning outcomes.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth; Saint Anselm College, 100 Saint Anselm Drive, Box #1745, Manchester, NH 03102, USA. Electronic address: dbrady@anselm.edu.
authors.forename: Destiny R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Brady
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, Dartmouth, MA 02747-2300, USA. Electronic address: masselin@umassd.edu.
authors.forename: Marilyn E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Asselin
mesh_terms: D004506:Education, Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D033262:Narration; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013663:Teaching / Q000458:organization & administration; D013850:Thinking
keywords: Education research; Education, nursing; Narrative pedagogy; Systematic review; Teaching method