title: Older persons' worries expressed during home care visits: Exploring the content of cues and concerns identified by the Verona coding definitions of emotional sequences.
abstract: Little is known about how older persons in home care express their concerns. Emotional cues and concerns can be identified by the Verona coding definitions of emotional sequences (VR-CoDES), but the method gives no insight into what causes the distress and the emotions involved. The aims of this study are to explore (1) older persons' worries and (2) the content of these expressions.
  
  
  
  An observational exploratory two-step approach was used to investigate audiotaped recordings from 38 Norwegian home care visits with older persons and nurse assistants. First, 206 cues and concerns were identified using VR-CoDES. Second, the content and context of these expressions were analysed inductively.
  
  
  
  Four main categories emerged: worries about relationships with others, worries about health care-related issues, worries about aging and bodily impairment, and life narratives and value issues, with several subcategories showing the causes of worry and emotions involved.
  
  
  
  The two-step approach provides an in-depth knowledge of older persons' worries, causes of worries, and their related emotions.
  
  
  
  The subcategories described in a language close to the experience can be useful in practice development and communication training for students and health care providers.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway, Drammen, Norway. Electronic address: linda.hafskjold@hbv.no.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hafskjold
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway, Drammen, Norway.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eide
authors.affiliation: School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University and Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Inger K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Holmström
authors.affiliation: Department of Optometry and Visual Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway, Kongsberg, Norway.
authors.forename: Vibeke
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sundling
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway, Drammen, Norway; NIVEL (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Dulmen
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway, Drammen, Norway.
authors.forename: Hilde
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eide
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety; D059019:Clinical Coding / Q000379:methods; D003142:Communication; D003463:Cues; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006792:House Calls; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Communication; Cues; Emotions; Home care services; Older adult; Qualitative research/content analysis; VR-CoDES