title: The Relation of Moderate Alcohol Consumption to Hyperuricemia in a Rural General Population.
abstract: although alcohol abuse is known to increase serum uric acid, the relation between moderate drinking and uric acid have remained poorly understood. We performed this study to evaluate whether different alcohol consumption level has different effects on the risk of hyperuricemia based on a rural general population.
  
  
  
  multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select a representative sample of individuals aged 35 years or older. Participants were asked to provide information about their alcohol consumption. Data regarding the demographic and lifestyle characteristics and the blood biochemical indexes of these participants were collected by well-trained personnel.
  
  
  
  in total, 11,039 participants aged 35 years or older were included (4997 men and 6042 women). The prevalence of hyperuricemia in the different male alcohol consumption groups was 11.9% in non-drinkers, 12.6% in moderate drinkers, and 16.3% in heavy drinkers (p < 0.001). In females, the rates were 6.3% in non-drinkers, 8.1% in moderate drinkers, and 6.6% for heavy drinkers (p = 0.818). In males, multivariate logistic regression analyses shows heavy drinkers had an approximately 1.7-fold higher risk of hyperuricemia (OR: 1.657, 95% CI: 1.368 to 2.007, p < 0.001) than non-drinkers; moderate drinkers did not experience a significant increase in risk (OR: 1.232, 95% CI: 0.951 to 1.596, p = 0.114)). Multivariate logistic regression analyses of females showed that, compared with non-drinkers, neither moderate nor heavy drinkers had a significantly increased risk of hyperuricemia (OR: 1.565, 95% CI: 0.521 to 4.695, p = 0.425 for heavy drinkers; OR: 0.897, 95% CI: 0.117 to 6.855, p = 0.916 for moderate drinkers).
  
  
  
  heavy alcohol consumption increased the risk of hyperuricemia for males but not for females. Among both males and females, moderate alcohol consumption did not increase the risk of hyperuricemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China. meilichian@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China. guoxiaofanl1986@outlook.com.
authors.forename: Xiaofan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China. zhaolisy@outlook.com.
authors.forename: Yamin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China. guanyufan1986@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China. sunyingxian121@126.com.
authors.forename: Yingxian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. zhuguangshuo1976@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Guangshuo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. meilichian3@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Maria Roselle
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Abraham
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000453:epidemiology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014527:Uric Acid
keywords: alcohol; consumption; hyperuricemia; prevalence; risk factor