title: [Interaction between passive smoking and folic acid supplement during pregnancy on autism spectrum disorder behaviors in children aged 3 years].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the interaction between passive smoking and folic acid supplement during pregnancy on children autism spectrum disorder(ASD)behaviors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children aged about 3 years were enrolled at kindergarten entrance in Longhua district of Shenzhen in 2014. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by their primary caregivers and the information about children' s age, gender, history of preterm birth and low birth weight, parents' education level, parents' reproductive age and family income were collected. The children ASD behaviors were assessed with Autism Behavior Checklist(ABC). According to the cut point of ABC, the children were divided into normal group with score less than 31, sub-clinical group with score ranging from 31 to 61 and suspect clinical group with score no less than 62. After controlling for potential confounders, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the main effects and the interaction between passive smoking and folic acid supplement during pregnancy on children ASD behaviors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maternal passive smoking during pregnancy was significantly associated with children ASD behaviors(sub-clinical group: OR=1.48; suspect clinical group: OR= 2.85), and maternal folic acid supplement during pregnancy was not related to children ASD behaviors(sub-clinical group: OR=1.04; suspect clinical group: OR=0.75). Stratified analysis showed that folic acid supplement during pregnancy was negatively associated with children ASD behaviors(suspect clinical group: OR=0.30)among children without mothers' passive smoking during pregnancy, and that mothers' passive smoking during pregnancy was positively associated with children ASD behaviors(sub-clinical group: OR=1.52; suspect clinical group: OR=4.45)among the children whose mothers had folic acid supplement during pregnancy. Furthermore, an interaction effect on children ASD behaviors was found between passive smoking and folic acid supplement during pregnancy(suspect clinical group: OR=5.30).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Passive smoking and folic acid supplement during pregnancy were related to children ASD behaviors and had an interaction on children ASD behaviors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Maternal and Child Health Care Center of Longhua New District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518109, China.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Maternal and Child Health Care Center of Longhua New District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518109, China.
authors.forename: X N
authors.initials: XN
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Maternal and Child Health Care Center of Longhua New District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518109, China.
authors.forename: Z D
authors.initials: ZD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Maternal and Child Health Care Center of Longhua New District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518109, China.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
authors.forename: W Q
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010290:Parents; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D047928:Premature Birth; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D006710:Homocysteine; D005492:Folic Acid