title: Localisation of Sensor Nodes with Hybrid Measurements in Wireless Sensor Networks.
abstract: Localisation in wireless networks faces challenges such as high levels of signal attenuation and unknown path-loss exponents, especially in urban environments. In response to these challenges, this paper proposes solutions to localisation problems in noisy environments. A new observation model for localisation of static nodes is developed based on hybrid measurements, namely angle of arrival and received signal strength data. An approach for localisation of sensor nodes is proposed as a weighted linear least squares algorithm. The unknown path-loss exponent associated with the received signal strength is estimated jointly with the coordinates of the sensor nodes via the generalised pattern search method. The algorithm's performance validation is conducted both theoretically and by simulation. A theoretical mean square error expression is derived, followed by the derivation of the linear Cramer-Rao bound which serves as a benchmark for the proposed location estimators. Accurate results are demonstrated with 25%-30% improvement in estimation accuracy with a weighted linear least squares algorithm as compared to linear least squares solution.
authors.affiliation: School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. elmwk@leeds.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Muhammad W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, Sheffield University, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK. n.salman@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Naveed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Salman
authors.affiliation: School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. a.h.kemp@leeds.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Andrew H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.affiliation: Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, Sheffield University, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK. l.s.mihaylova@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Lyudmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mihaylova
keywords: angle of arrival; generalised pattern search; hybrid localisation; received signal strength