title: Survey of current practice in clinical transvaginal ultrasound scanning in the UK.
abstract: During transvaginal ultrasound scanning, the fetus and other sensitive tissues are placed close to the transducer. Heating of these tissues occurs by direct conduction from the transducer and by absorption of ultrasound in the tissue. The extent of any heating will depend on the equipment and settings used, the duration of the scan, imaging modes and other aspects of scanning practice. To ensure that scans are performed with minimum risk, staff should have an appropriate knowledge of safety and follow guidelines issued by professional bodies. An online survey aiming to document current practice in transvaginal ultrasound in the UK was created and distributed to individuals performing this type of scanning. The survey posed questions about the respondents, the departments where scans were performed, the equipment used, knowledge of ultrasound safety, scanning practice and the frequency, duration and mode of transvaginal ultrasound scans for gynaecology, obstetrics and fertility applications. In all, 294 responses were obtained, mostly from sonographers (94%). From the analysis of the responses, it was clear that there was a good understanding of the general meaning of thermal and mechanical index and high awareness of guidelines issued by professional bodies. However, 40% of respondents stated that they rarely or never monitor Thermal or Mechanical indices during scanning. Scanning practice was consistent in terms of the duration of scans, scan protocols followed and use of imaging modes. The results highlight the importance of continued ultrasound safety training and promotion of safety guidelines to users.
authors.affiliation: National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW.
authors.forename: Eleanor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: Queen Charlotte's & Chelsea Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lees
keywords: Ultrasound safety; clinical practice; gynaecology; obstetrics; thermal effects; transvaginal ultrasound