title: Pentraxin 3 is an anti-inflammatory protein associated with lipid-induced interleukin 10 in vitro.
abstract: Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is an acute phase protein expressed in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli during atherosclerosis. However, recent findings suggest that PTX3 is a counter-regulatory protein which enhances the anti-inflammatory response.
  
  
  
  Therefore, the capacity of PTX3 to alter the inflammatory milieu following in vitro stimulation of PBMCs with the pro-inflammatory lipid, palmitate, was examined.
  
  
  
  PBMCs from 17 healthy male donors were isolated and cultured under four separate conditions; 200μmol/L palmitate, a physiologically relevant concentration of PTX3, in combination (pal+PTX3), and an unstimulated time-course control.
  
  
  
  Palmitate-induced production of the counter-regulatory protein PTX3 was positively associated with the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) following in vitro stimulation of human PBMCs. Furthermore, stimulation of PBMCs in vitro with 500pg/mL PTX3 elicited a significantly greater increase in IL-10 production compared to the palmitate stimulated conditions. However, PTX3 stimulation did not result in the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, and when combined with palmitate, did not alter the pro-inflammatory milieu from PBMCs in this study.
  
  
  
  These findings provide evidence supporting the role of PTX3 as a mediator of the anti-inflammatory response in physiologically relevant conditions, and suggests that PTX3 counter regulates the development of atherosclerosis by enhancing the production of IL-10.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. Electronic address: slusheral@vcu.edu.
authors.forename: Aaron L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Slusher
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Mischo
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Edmund O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Acevedo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000276:immunology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D019308:Palmitic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D000099153:Pentraxins
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D016207:Cytokines; D016753:Interleukin-10; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D019308:Palmitic Acid; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000099153:Pentraxins; C508609:IL10 protein, human
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Inflammatory cytokines; Interleukin-10; PTX3; Palmitate