title: Intracranial Hemorrhage in Patients with Hematologic Disorders: Prevalence and Predictive Factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is an uncommon complication in patients with hematologic disorders although high fatality rates have been shown in these patients. At present, no epidemiological data regarding ICH in patients with hematologic disorders has been collected and/or reported in Thailand.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of ICH in hospitalized patients with hematologic disorders and to identify predictive factors associated with ICH in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of all patients with hematologic disorders admitted to Siriraj Hospital (Bangkok, Thailand) between January 2002 and September 2011 were reviewed. Patients with ICH were identified and factors associated with ICH were investigated using a retrospective case-control design.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 9,62 patients identified with hematologic disorders, ICH was diagnosed in 106 (1.1%). The ICH rate was higher in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients than in patients with other hematologic malignancies (4.29% vs. 0.78%; p<0. 001) and higher in aplastic anemia (AA) patients than in patients with other benign hematologic disorders (4.00% vs. 0.97%; p<0.001). Cortical hemorrhage was the main presentation in all hematologic disorders, with a single lesion in the parietal area as the most common site. The overall mortality rate was 85% with most patients succumbing within two days of onset. The independent predictors of ICH were hyperleukocytosis and a low platelet count in AML patients, and ecchymosis, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hematuria, and a low platelet count in AA patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AML and AA patients had the highest risk of ICH compared with other hematologic disorders and several predictive factors for ICH were identified.
authors.forename: Weerapat
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Owattanapanich
authors.forename: Chirayu U
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Auewarakul
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000741:Anemia, Aplastic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007938:Leukemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult