title: Lipid and inflammatory biomarker profiles in early insulin resistance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the serum lipid and inflammatory biomarker profile in the early insulin resistance (e-IR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study of 5943 adults without diabetes, stratified into no IR group (C-peptide <third tertile and glucose <100 mg/dL), e-IR group (C-peptide ≥third tertile and glucose <100 mg/dL) and advanced IR group (glucose ≥100 mg/dL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  E-IR showed significant differences with no IR in the serum concentration of triglycerides (P < 0.001), HDL cholesterol (P < 0.001), LDL cholesterol (P < 0.001), sCD40L (P < 0.001), C-reactive protein (P < 0.004), leptin (P < 0.001) and adiponectin (P < 0.001). Adjusting for age, gender and abdominal obesity, corroborated the association of e-IR with highest quintile of triglycerides (OR 3.88 [3.07-4.89]), HDL cholesterol (OR 0.35 [0.28-0.44]), sCD40L (OR 0.47 [0.24-0.94]), C-reactive protein (OR 2.31 [1.29-4.12]), adiponectin (OR 0.11 [0.04-0.32]), PAI-1 (OR 3.29 [1.29-8.40]) and resistin (OR 1.25 [1.01-1.54]); the same biomarkers were associated with advanced IR although resistin was a protective factor (OR 0.73 [0.58-0.93]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Euglycemic patients with e-IR present an unfavorable serum lipid and inflammatory biomarker profile. Measuring C-peptide in euglycemic patients with elevated triglycerides identifies e-IR.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Carretera de El Rosario 145, 38010, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.|Cardiovascular Research Network of the Carlos III Institute of Health, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Itahisa
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marcelino Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Research Unit, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oliva García
authors.affiliation: Research Unit, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Carretera de El Rosario 145, 38010, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.|Cardiovascular Research Network of the Carlos III Institute of Health, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.|Primary Care Authority, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: José Juan
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Alemán Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Network of the Carlos III Institute of Health, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.|Immunology Unit, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Delia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Almeida González
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Network of the Carlos III Institute of Health, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.|Primary Care Authority, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Domínguez Coello
authors.affiliation: Research Unit, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Carretera de El Rosario 145, 38010, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.|Primary Care Authority, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Buenaventura
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brito Díaz
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage University, Tunis, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Fadoua
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gannar
authors.affiliation: Research Unit, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Carretera de El Rosario 145, 38010, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.|Primary Care Authority, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: María Del Cristo
authors.initials: MDC
authors.lastname: Rodríguez Pérez
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Network of the Carlos III Institute of Health, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.|Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Elosua
authors.affiliation: Research Unit, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Carretera de El Rosario 145, 38010, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. acableo@gobiernodecanarias.org.|Área de medicina preventiva y salud pública, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain. acableo@gobiernodecanarias.org.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cabrera de León
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood; D065840:Protective Factors; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D014280:Triglycerides; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Biomarkers; C-peptide; Epidemiology; Insulin resistance; Population-based studies