title: Marine ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and survival after colorectal cancer diagnosis.
abstract: Experimental evidence supports an antineoplastic activity of marine ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs; including eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid). However, the influence of ω-3 PUFAs on colorectal cancer (CRC) survival is unknown.
  
  
  
  Within the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study, we prospectively studied CRC-specific and overall mortality in a cohort of 1659 patients with CRC according to intake of marine ω-3 PUFAs and its change after diagnosis.
  
  
  
  Higher intake of marine ω-3 PUFAs after CRC diagnosis was associated with lower risk of CRC-specific mortality (p for trend=0.03). Compared with patients who consumed <0.10 g/day of marine ω-3 PUFAs, those consuming at least 0.30 g/day had an adjusted HR for CRC-specific mortality of 0.59 (95% CI 0.35 to 1.01). Patients who increased their marine ω-3 PUFA intake by at least 0.15 g/day after diagnosis had an HR of 0.30 (95% CI 0.14 to 0.64, p for trend <0.001) for CRC deaths, compared with those who did not change or changed their intake by <0.02 g/day. No association was found between postdiagnostic marine ω-3 PUFA intake and all-cause mortality (p for trend=0.47).
  
  
  
  High marine ω-3 PUFA intake after CRC diagnosis is associated with lower risk of CRC-specific mortality. Increasing consumption of marine ω-3 PUFAs after diagnosis may confer additional benefits to patients with CRC.
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.|Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.|Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Mingyang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Xuehong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Meyerhardt
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.|Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.|Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Edward L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Giovannucci
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.|Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.|Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ogino
authors.affiliation: Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.|Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.|Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.|Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.|Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002423:Cause of Death; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality*; D015930:Diet Records; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017747:Seafood; D015996:Survival Rate; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005395:Fish Oils
keywords: CHEMOPREVENTION; COLORECTAL CANCER; NUTRITION