title: The effects of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on AGEs and sRAGE in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: In diabetes mellitus, chronic hyperglycemia leads to formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Binding of AGEs to receptors of AGE (RAGE) causes deleterious effects. In populations with a high consumption of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, a lower prevalence of diabetes mellitus has been reported. We aimed to investigate the effects of n-3 fatty acid (EPA and DHA) supplementation on the levels of AGEs (carboxymethyl lysine (CML) and pentosidine), sRAGE, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM patients (n = 38) treated with oral hypoglycemic agents, without insulin were supplemented with n-3 fatty acids (1.2 g/day) for 2 months. Plasma CML, pentosidine, sRAGE, and NF-kB levels were measured by ELISA both before and after the supplementation. n-3 fatty acid supplementation significantly reduced fasting glucose (p < 0.01), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (p < 0.05), and pentosidine (p < 0.05) levels. The supplementation induced percentage changes in pentosidine and HbA1cand in pentosidine and creatinine were observed to be correlated (r = 0.349, p < 0.05) and (r = 0.377, p < 0.05), respectively. Waist circumference and systolic and diastolic pressures were significantly decreased due to n-3 supplementation (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.01), respectively. Our results show that supplementation with n-3 fatty acid has beneficial effects on waist circumference; systolic and diastolic blood pressures; and the levels of glucose, HbA1c, and pentosidine in T2DM patients. However, the supplementation failed to decrease these parameters to the reference ranges for healthy subjects. In addition, the supplementation did not appear to induce any significant differences in CML, sRAGE, or NF-kB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Asuman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurt
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. gulnurandican@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gülnur
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Andican
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zeynep Oşar
authors.initials: ZO
authors.lastname: Siva
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andican
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gülden
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Burcak
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005215:Fasting; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D055105:Waist Circumference / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001120:Arginine; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008239:Lysine; D016328:NF-kappa B; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; C000593871:AGER protein, human; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human; C048496:N(6)-carboxymethyllysine; C062187:pentosidine
keywords: AGE; NF-kB; RAGE; Type 2 diabetes; n-3 long-chain fatty acids