title: Acute Exercise and Motor Memory Consolidation: The Role of Exercise Timing.
abstract: High intensity aerobic exercise amplifies offline gains in procedural memory acquired during motor practice. This effect seems to be evident when exercise is placed immediately after acquisition, during the first stages of memory consolidation, but the importance of temporal proximity of the exercise bout used to stimulate improvements in procedural memory is unknown. The effects of three different temporal placements of high intensity exercise were investigated following visuomotor skill acquisition on the retention of motor memory in 48 young (24.0 ± 2.5 yrs), healthy male subjects randomly assigned to one of four groups either performing a high intensity (90% Maximal Power Output) exercise bout at 20 min (EX90), 1 h (EX90+1), 2 h (EX90+2) after acquisition or rested (CON). Retention tests were performed at 1 d (R1) and 7 d (R7). At R1 changes in performance scores after acquisition were greater for EX90 than CON (p < 0.001) and EX90+2 (p = 0.001). At R7 changes in performance scores for EX90, EX90+1, and EX90+2 were higher than CON (p < 0.001, p = 0.008, and p = 0.008, resp.). Changes for EX90 at R7 were greater than EX90+2 (p = 0.049). Exercise-induced improvements in procedural memory diminish as the temporal proximity of exercise from acquisition is increased. Timing of exercise following motor practice is important for motor memory consolidation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8745-7462
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mikkel Malling
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8006-2580
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Rune Rasmussen
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6710-3213
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Lind
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Line
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9019-8580
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Korsgaard Johnsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Svend Sparre
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4497-3616
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Geertsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
authors.forename: Lasse
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5095-0624
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ritz
authors.affiliation: Memory and Motor Rehabilitation Laboratory (MEMORY-LAB), Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Montreal Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), Montréal, QC, Canada H7V 1R2; School of Physical & Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3G 1Y5.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roig
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jesper
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3144-861X
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lundbye-Jensen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000069077:Memory Consolidation / Q000502:physiology*; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult