title: The standard deviation of extracellular water/intracellular water is associated with all-cause mortality and technique failure in peritoneal dialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The mortality rate of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is still high, and the predicting factors for PD patient mortality remain to be determined. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the standard deviation (SD) of extracellular water/intracellular water (E/I) and all-cause mortality and technique failure in continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 152 patients came from the PD Center between January 1st 2006 and December 31st 2007. Clinical data and at least five-visit E/I ratio defined by bioelectrical impedance analysis were collected. The patients were followed up till December 31st 2010. The primary outcomes were death from any cause and technique failure. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify risk factors for mortality and technique failure in CAPD patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients were followed up for 59.6 ± 23.0 months. The patients were divided into two groups according to their SD of E/I values: lower SD of E/I group (≤0.126) and higher SD of E/I group (>0.126). The patients with higher SD of E/I showed a higher all-cause mortality (log-rank χ (2) = 10.719, P = 0.001) and technique failure (log-rank χ (2) = 9.724, P = 0.002) than those with lower SD of E/I. Cox regression analysis found that SD of E/I independently predicted all-cause mortality (HR  3.551, 95 % CI 1.442-8.746, P = 0.006) and technique failure (HR  2.487, 95 % CI 1.093-5.659, P = 0.030) in CAPD patients after adjustment for confounders except when sensitive C-reactive protein was added into the model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SD of E/I was a strong independent predictor of all-cause mortality and technique failure in CAPD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 6, Tian Tan Xi Li, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China. tianjp506@163.com.
authors.forename: Jun-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 6, Tian Tan Xi Li, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Feng-He
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China. wangt@bjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001834:Body Water; D002423:Cause of Death; D045604:Extracellular Fluid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007424:Intracellular Fluid; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory / Q000009:adverse effects; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000628:therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure
keywords: Extracellular water; Intracellular water; Outcome; Peritoneal dialysis; Volume status