title: Long-Term Course After Adaptive Multimodal Treatment for Children With ADHD: An 8-Year Follow-Up.
abstract: Objective:This study reassessed adolescents and young adults (15-22 years old) who received individually tailored multimodal treatment for ADHD (behavior therapy and/or stimulant medication) during childhood 6 to 12 years after treatment (M= 8.8 years,SD= 1.6).Method:All participants (N= 75) provided information about their social functioning. Most parents (83%) completed behavior rating scales.Results:Participants demonstrated significant improvement in behavior during the follow-up period with effect sizes on ADHD symptoms ofd= 1.2 and 68% of the former patients in the normal range at follow-up. Participants reported elevated rates of grade retention (51%), school dropout (13%), special education service use (17%), school change (47%), and conviction (16%), but few were unemployed (4%).Conclusion:This study provides evidence that the effects of individually tailored multimodal treatment for ADHD in childhood are maintained into adolescence and young adulthood. No hints could be found that continued medication results in a more favorable long-term outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Döpfner
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ise
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Breuer
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rademacher
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Tanja Wolff
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Metternich-Kaizman
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schürmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008774:Methylphenidate
keywords: ADHD; behavior therapy; long-term effects; medical management; multimodal treatment