title: Anti-lipoapoptotic effects of Alisma orientalis extract on non-esterified fatty acid-induced HepG2 cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Liver steatosis was caused by lipid accumulation in the liver. Alisma orientale (AO) is recognized as a promising candidate with therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). HepG2 hepatocyte cell line is commonly used for liver disease cell model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The HepG2 cells were cultured with the NEFAs mixture (oleic and palmitic acids, 2:1 ratio) for 24 h to induce hepatic steatosis. Then different doses of Alisma orientale extract (AOE) was treated to HepG2 for 24 h. Incubated cells were used for further experiments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The AOE showed inhibitory effects on lipid accumulation in the Oil Red O staining and Nile red staining tests with no cytotoxicity at a concentration of 300 μg/mL. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) mRNA and protein expression level were down-regulated after AOE treatment. Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mRNA expression level were decreased as well as p-JNK (activated form of JNK), Bax, cleaved caspase-9, caspase-3 protein expression level. Anti-apopototic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein level increased after AOE treatment. In addition, inflammatory protein expression including p-p65, p65, COX-2 and iNOS were inhibited by AOE treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that AOE has anti-steatosis effects that involve lipogenesis, anti-lipoapoptosis, and anti-inflammation in the NEFA-induced NAFLD pathological cell model.
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Heogi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeon-Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Heogi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Hwan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Heogi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kang-Hoon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Heogi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.|Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-140, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Heogi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Suk
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-140, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yun-Cheol
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Na
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Heogi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jiyoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Heogi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: In-Seung
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Heogi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea. komclive@khmc.or.kr.
authors.forename: Jang-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Heogi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea. hjjang@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hyeung-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jang
mesh_terms: D034902:Alisma / Q000737:chemistry*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases
keywords: Alisma orientale; De novo lipogenesis; HepG2; Inflammation; Lipoapoptosis; Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease