title: Less with More: Hospitalization Cost and Event Rates with Quadripolar versus Bipolar CRT-D System.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This is a comparative effectiveness study for cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT-D) therapy enabled by quadripolar (QUAD) versus bipolar (BIP) left ventricular (LV) leads.  Heart failure (HF) hospitalization (HFH) rates, associated costs, and 30-day readmissions after index HFH were compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with de novo LV leads implanted as part of a CRT-D system between January 2011 and August 2013 with ≥1-year follow-up were included. Medical history, dates, and locations of HFH were collected thereafter. Patients were divided based on LV lead model: QUAD or BIP. Universal billing records (UB-04) for each HFH and ICD-9-CM (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification) diagnoses/procedure codes were used to classify hospitalizations as HF or non-HF and calculate concurrent U.S. national-average medicare reimbursement. Rates, associated payer costs, and 30-day readmissions were then compared using nonparametric bootstrapping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline characteristics (N = 69 QUAD and N = 56 BIP) were similar. The inpatient HFH for the QUAD group (0.20/patient-year) was lower than the BIP group (0.31/patient-year, incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.62, P = 0.036). The overall HFH rate for the inpatient or outpatient setting for QUAD (0.29/patient-year) was lower than the BIP group (0.42/patient-year, IRR = 0.69, P = 0.055). Average cost of HFH in QUAD ($4,428/patient-year) was lower than BIP ($7,354/patient-year), a 39.8% cost reduction (P = 0.026). The 30-day readmission rate was also lower in QUAD compared to BIP (19% vs 28%, IRR = 0.68, P = 0.18).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This U.S. economic comparative study demonstrated that QUAD exhibited lower postimplant inpatient HFH rates and reduced healthcare utilization compared to BIP systems.
authors.affiliation: Deborah Heart and Lung Center, Browns Mills, New Jersey. corbisieror@deborah.org.
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Corbisiero
authors.affiliation: Deborah Heart and Lung Center, Browns Mills, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Pedram
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kazemian
authors.affiliation: St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, California.
authors.forename: Rupinder
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bharmi
authors.affiliation: St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, California.
authors.forename: Riddhi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, California.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Muller
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D058409:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices / Q000191:economics*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000628:therapy; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D006278:Medicare / Q000191:economics; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000191:economics; D014481:United States
keywords: cardiac resynchronization therapy; congestive heart failure; medical economics