title: Plasmodium falciparum Drug-Resistant Haplotypes and Population Structure in Postearthquake Haiti, 2010.
abstract: Chloroquine (CQ) remains the first-line treatment of malaria in Haiti. Given the challenges of conducting in vivo drug efficacy trials in low-endemic settings like Haiti, molecular surveillance for drug resistance markers is a reasonable approach for detecting resistant parasites. In this study, 349 blood spots were collected from suspected malaria cases in areas in and around Port-au-Prince from March to July 2010. Among them, 121 samples that were Plasmodium falciparum positive by polymerase chain reaction were genotyped for drug-resistant pfcrt, pfdhfr, pfdhps, and pfmdr1 alleles. Among the 108 samples that were successfully sequenced for CQ resistant markers in pfcrt, 107 were wild type (CVMNK), whereas one sample carried a CQ-resistant allele (CVIET). Neutral microsatellite genotyping revealed that the CQ-resistant isolate was distinct from all other samples in this study. Furthermore, the remaining parasite specimens appeared to be genetically distinct from other reported Central and South American populations.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Lindsay Carol
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Curtis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, Georgia.
authors.forename: Sheila Akinyi
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Okoth
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Griffing
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lucchi
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, Georgia.
authors.forename: Dragan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ljolje
authors.affiliation: National Public Health Laboratory, Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boncy
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health, Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oscar
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Townes
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Meredith
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McMorrow
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Venkatachalam
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Udhayakumar
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. wzb3@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Barnwell
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D055866:Earthquakes; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006205:Haiti / Q000453:epidemiology; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D015995:Prevalence; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011739:Pyrimethamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013413:Sulfadoxine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D002738:Chloroquine; D004338:Drug Combinations; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D011739:Pyrimethamine; D013413:Sulfadoxine; C513498:Mdr1 protein, Plasmodium falciparum; C416369:PfCRT protein, Plasmodium falciparum; C001205:fanasil, pyrimethamine drug combination