title: Decoding options and accuracy of translation of developmentally regulated UUA codon in Streptomyces: bioinformatic analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The gene bldA for leucyl [Formula: see text] is known for almost 30 years as a key regulator of morphogenesis and secondary metabolism in genus Streptomyces. Codon UUA is the rarest one in Streptomyces genomes and is present exclusively in genes with auxiliary functions. Delayed accumulation of translation-competent [Formula: see text] is believed to confine the expression of UUA-containing transcripts to stationary phase. Implicit to the regulatory function of UUA codon is the assumption about high accuracy of its translation, e.g. the latter should not occur in the absence of cognate [Formula: see text]. However, a growing body of facts points to the possibility of mistranslation of UUA-containing transcripts in the bldA-deficient mutants. It is not known what type of near-cognate tRNA(s) may decode UUA in the absence of cognate tRNA in Streptomyces, and whether UUA possesses certain inherent properties (such as increased/decreased accuracy of decoding) that would favor its use for regulatory purposes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we took bioinformatic approach to address these questions. We catalogued the entire complement of tRNA genes from several relevant Streptomyces and identified genes for posttranscriptional modifications of tRNA that might be involved in UUA decoding by cognate and near-cognate tRNAs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on tRNA gene content in Streptomyces genomes, we propose possible scenarios of UUA codon mistranslation. UUA is not associated with an increased rate of missense errors as compared to other leucyl codons, contrasting general belief that low-abundant codons are more error-prone than the high-abundant ones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Hrushevskoho st. 4, Lviv, 79005 Ukraine.
authors.forename: Ihor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rokytskyy
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Hrushevskoho st. 4, Lviv, 79005 Ukraine.
authors.forename: Oksana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Koshla
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Hrushevskoho st. 4, Lviv, 79005 Ukraine.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fedorenko
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Hrushevskoho st. 4, Lviv, 79005 Ukraine.
authors.forename: Bohdan
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5904-5957
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ostash
keywords: Codons; Models of translation; Streptomyces; UUA codon; bldA; tRNA