title: Effects of activated carbon amended sediment on biological responses in Chironomus riparius multi-generation testing.
abstract: The biological effects of activated carbon (AC) amendments in sediments were studied with the midge Chironomus riparius. The effects on larvae growth were studied using three different AC particles sizes (PAC: 90% <63μm, MAC: ø 63-200μm and GAC: ø 420-1700μm). The long- term effects of MAC were studied in an emergence experiment over two generations (P, F1), together with larvae growth experiment over three generations (P, F1, F2). Retarded growth and development of the larvae were observed in the two smallest particle sizes (PAC and MAC), as well as morphological changes in the gut wall microvilli layer studied from transmission electron micrographs. In addition, at high AC treatments the larvae reaching fourth instar stage were of a smaller size compared to the controls. With PAC treatment AC amendment dosages higher than 1% of sediment dry weight induced mortality. In the emergence experiment there was an indication of a delay in F1 generation emergence. Male dry weight (dw) in P generation was significantly reduced in the 2.5% MAC treatment. The effects of AC amendments were more obvious in the C. riparius larvae compared to the effects seen in emerging adults exposed to AC-amended sediment during the larval stage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland. Electronic address: inna.nybom@uef.fi.
authors.forename: Inna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nybom
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abel
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
authors.forename: Kimmo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mäenpää
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
authors.forename: Jarkko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Akkanen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D002683:Chironomidae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D006128:Growth / Q000187:drug effects; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D010316:Particle Size; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012744:Sex Ratio; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; D002606:Charcoal
keywords: Activated carbon; Benthic organisms; Secondary effects; Sediment remediation; Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)