title: Spatial distribution of enteric viruses and somatic coliphages in a Lagoon used as drinking water source and recreation in Southern Brazil.
abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the contamination level of the Peri Lagoon, the main freshwater reservoir of Santa Catarina Island, Southern Brazil, for human adenovirus (HAdV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), rotavirus species A (RVA), and somatic coliphages (SOMCPH). Viruses were also investigated in sediments and their sensitivity against natural sunlight was analysed by studying their spatial distribution in different depths of the water column. A total of 84 water samples and 48 sediment samples were examined by qPCR or RT-qPCR. Infectivity of HAdV and SOMCPH was determined and quantified by plaque assay method. A sum of 64% and 48% of water and sediment samples were positive for HAdV, respectively. RVA was present in 33% and 18% of water and sediment samples, and 25% of water samples were positive for HAV. HAdV were infectious in 76% of water and 83% of sediment samples that were positive by qPCR. SOMCPH could be detected in 42% and 18% of water and sediment samples, respectively. The data pointed a variation of viruses' prevalence according to the different water column depths. These results demonstrated that water sources and sediments contaminated by human wastes could play an important role in the recontamination of water columns harvested for further treatment or used for recreational purposes. These data can be of great value for future risk assessment analysis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: M E I
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Elmahdy
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fongaro
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil; Grupo de Estudos em Saneamento Descentralizado, Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Magri
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecologia de Águas Continentais, Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário s/n, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC CEP. 88040-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Petruccio
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil. Electronic address: celia.barardi@ufsc.br.
authors.forename: C R M
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Barardi
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000821:virology*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000821:virology*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000821:virology*; D011998:Recreation; D014780:Viruses / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D014873:Water Pollutants
keywords: Enteric viruses; Sediment; Somatic coliphage; Surface water; Water column depth