title: Differences of the Voice Parameters Between the Population of Different Hearing Tresholds: Findings by Using the Multi-Dimensional Voice Program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare voice parameters in subjects with different hearing level.
  
  
  METHODS
  The evaluation consisted of Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP) and electroglottography. Group 1 consisted of normal hearing subjects which is bilateral average hearing better than 25 decibels (dB) whereas group 2 consisted of patients who have bilateral average hearing between the 25 and 60 dB and group 3 consisted of patients who have bilateral average hearing between the 60 and 90 dB. The evaluations were performed on males and females separately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In female subjects, fundamental frequency (F0), absolute jitter, %jitter and soft phonation index (SPI) were significantly different between the group 1 and group 2. Also, we detected significant difference on maximum phonation time (MPT), fundamental frequency, absolute jitter and %jitter, and variable F0 (vF0) values between group 1 and group 3. Male subjects demonstrated significant difference between the group 1 and group 2 in MPT, absolute jitter, %jitter, vF0, and SPI parameters. Between the group 3 and group 1; differences in absolute jitter, %jitter, shimmer, %shimmer, vF0, and SPI were also significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study concluded that even mild to moderate hearing losses may affect voice patterns in adults and also females and males react differently to hearing loss in some parameters.
authors.affiliation: Otorhinolaryngology Department, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ferit
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Akil
authors.affiliation: Otorhinolaryngology Clinic, Gumushane Public Hospital, Gumushane, Turkey.
authors.forename: Umur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Yollu
authors.affiliation: Otorhinolaryngology Department, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozcan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.affiliation: Otorhinolaryngology Department, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yener
keywords: Adult; Hearing Loss; Sex; Voice