title: Synergistic chemotherapy by combined moderate hyperthermia and photochemical internalization.
abstract: Combination therapies of photochemical internalization (PCI) and moderate hyperthermia (MHT) were investigated in an in vitro system consisting of human and rat glioma spheroids. PCI using the amphiphilic photosensitizer, AlPcS2a and two anti cancer agents BLM or 5-FU were used. Spheroids were irradiated with λ = 670 nm laser light in an incubator at temperatures ranging from 37 to 44°C. For each temperature investigated, spheroids were divided into 4 groups: control, drug-only, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and PCI. PDT and PCI spheroids were exposed to radiant exposures ranging from 0.3 to 2.5 J cm(-2) using an irradiance of 5 mW cm(-2). Toxicity was evaluated from spheroid growth kinetics. The combination of PCI and MHT resulted in significant increases in BLM efficacy at 44°C for both cell line derived spheroids compared to controls at 37°C over the range of radiant exposures examined. 5-FU PCI was ineffective for the human cell line at both 37 and 44°C.
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine,, Irvine, CA 92612 USA.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Christie
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Physics and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine,, Irvine, CA 92612 USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gonzales
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Radiation Biology The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo Norway.
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine,, Irvine, CA 92612 USA.
authors.forename: Rohit Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine,, Irvine, CA 92612 USA.
authors.forename: Khoi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huynh
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Physics and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.
authors.forename: Steen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine,, Irvine, CA 92612 USA; Department of Health Physics and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirschberg
keywords: (140.0140) Lasers and laser optics; (140.3070) Infrared and far-infrared lasers