title: Frontoparietal cortex and cerebellum contribution to the update of actual and mental motor performance during the day.
abstract: Actual and imagined movement speed increases from early morning until mid-afternoon. Here, we investigated the neural correlates of these daily changes. Fifteen subjects performed actual and imagined right finger opposition movement sequences at 8 am and 2 pm. Both actual and imagined movements were significantly faster at 2 pm than 8 am. In the morning, actual movements significantly activated the left primary somatosensory and motor areas, and bilaterally the cerebellum; in the afternoon activations were similar but reduced. Contrast analysis revealed greater activity in the cerebellum, the left primary sensorimotor cortex and parietal lobe in the morning than in the afternoon. Imagined movements in the morning significantly activated the parietal association cortices bilaterally, the left supplementary and premotor areas, and the right orbitofrontal cortex and cerebellum. In the afternoon, the frontal lobe was significantly activated with the right cerebellum. Contrast analysis revealed increased activity in the left parietal lobe in the morning than in the afternoon. For both tasks, speed in the morning was significantly related to the BOLD signal in the brain areas resulted more active. These findings suggest that motor performance is continuously updated on a daily basis with a predominant role of the frontoparietal cortex and cerebellum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.|Magnetic Resonance Research Centre on Nervous System Diseases, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bonzano
authors.affiliation: Magnetic Resonance Research Centre on Nervous System Diseases, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.|Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Roccatagliata
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Piero
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruggeri
authors.affiliation: Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CAPS UMR1093, F-21000 Dijon, France.|INSERM, CAPS UMR1093, F-21000 Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Charalambos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Papaxanthis
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bove
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000502:physiology; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult