title: Management of Frontal Sinus Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks and Encephaloceles.
abstract: Encephaloceles and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks of the frontal sinus may result from congenital, traumatic, spontaneous, or neoplastic causes. Paramount to success is adequate preoperative planning with accurate history, physical exam, endoscopy, imaging, and testing to confirm location of the leak and origin of the disease. Generally, frontal sinus CSF leaks may be addressed endoscopically with favorable anatomy, proper surgical technique, and appropriate equipment. Open surgical approaches (eg, osteoplastic flap) are often required for superior/lateral defects or if the surgeon is not experienced with endoscopic frontal sinus techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, BDB 563, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
authors.forename: Elisa A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Illing
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, BDB 563, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. Electronic address: bwoodwo@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Bradford A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Woodworth
mesh_terms: D002559:Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D004677:Encephalocele / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005626:Frontal Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D059747:Nasal Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000592:standards*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Anterior cranial base; Cerebrospinal fluid leak; Encephalocele; Endoscopic sinus surgery; Endoscopic skull base surgery; Frontal sinus; Skull base tumor