title: Resistance of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer to Nonsurgical Treatments. Part I: Topical Treatments.
abstract: A wide range of treatments is now available for nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), including 5-fluorouracil, ingenol mebutate, imiquimod, diclofenac, photodynamic therapy, methotrexate, cetuximab, vismodegib, and radiotherapy. All are associated with high clinical and histologic response rates. However, some tumors do not respond due to resistance, which may be primary or acquired. Study of the resistance processes is a broad area of research that aims to increase our understanding of the nature of each tumor and the biologic features that make it resistant, as well as to facilitate the design of new therapies directed against these tumors. In this article we review resistance to the authorized topical treatments for NMSC.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Dermatología, Hospital de Barbastro, Barbastro, Huesca, España; Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza, España. Electronic address: tamgracaz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gracia-Cazaña
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Dermatología, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Nueva York, EE. UU.; Departmento de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: González
authors.affiliation: Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza, España; Unidad de Dermatología, Hospital San Jorge, Huesca, España.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gilaberte
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000634:Aminoquinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D000077271:Imiquimod; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C486592:3-ingenyl angelate; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000634:Aminoquinolines; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D004224:Diterpenes; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D004008:Diclofenac; D000077271:Imiquimod; D005472:Fluorouracil
keywords: 5-Fluorouracil; 5-Fluorouracilo; Cáncer cutáneo; Diclofenac; Diclofenaco; Imiquimod; Ingenol; Skin cancer