title: Epidemiology ofUreaplasma urealyticumandMycoplasma hominisin the semen of male outpatients with reproductive disorders.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association betweenMycoplasmainfection and infertility in male outpatients among a Chinese population. Epidemiological data, including prevalence, age distribution and antibiotic resistance profile of patients with anUreaplasma urealyticumorMycoplasma hominisinfection were collected between 2009 and 2012. Among the 7,374 individuals analyzed, 3,225 patients (43.7%) were determined to be positive for infection withU. urealyticum,M. hominisor for bothMycoplasmas. Among the positive cultures,U. urealyticumwas detected most frequently, whileM. hominiswas rarely found. The age range of 25-34 years was the preferred period for the positive detection. Tetracyclines and josamycin were the most effective agents against both genitalMycoplasmas, including in the case of co-infection. Macrolides (erythromycin, roxithromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin except for josamycin) were effective against the majority ofU. urealyticumclinical isolates, but were naturally resisted by M. hominis in this study. Fluoroquinolones had the lowest activity againstU. urealyticum, particularly in cases ofM. hominisco-infection. Furthermore, fluoroquinolones showed a similar pattern of drug resistance againstM. hoministo that ofU. urealyticum. Antibiotic resistance did not vary significantly over the test period. Notably, an elevated multi-drug resistance rate was observed in patients co-infected with bothMycoplasmas. In light of the epidemiological characteristics of genitalMycoplasmasin male infertility patients, the present results may aid Chinese clinicians to implement rational drug usage and avoid the overuse of antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaofei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Huiling
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xuewen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chunbing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
keywords: Mycoplasma hominis; Ureaplasma urealyticum; antimicrobial susceptibility; infertility; semen