title: From Discovery to Production: Biotechnology of Marine Fungi for the Production of New Antibiotics.
abstract: Filamentous fungi are well known for their capability of producing antibiotic natural products. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of antimicrobials with vast chemodiversity from marine fungi. Development of such natural products into lead compounds requires sustainable supply. Marine biotechnology can significantly contribute to the production of new antibiotics at various levels of the process chain including discovery, production, downstream processing, and lead development. However, the number of biotechnological processes described for large-scale production from marine fungi is far from the sum of the newly-discovered natural antibiotics. Methods and technologies applied in marine fungal biotechnology largely derive from analogous terrestrial processes and rarely reflect the specific demands of the marine fungi. The current developments in metabolic engineering and marine microbiology are not yet transferred into processes, but offer numerous options for improvement of production processes and establishment of new process chains. This review summarises the current state in biotechnological production of marine fungal antibiotics and points out the enormous potential of biotechnology in all stages of the discovery-to-development pipeline. At the same time, the literature survey reveals that more biotechnology transfer and method developments are needed for a sustainable and innovative production of marine fungal antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Marine Natural Products Chemistry Research Unit, GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Am Kiel-Kanal 44, Kiel 24106, Germany. jsilber@geomar.de.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Silber
authors.affiliation: GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Marine Natural Products Chemistry Research Unit, GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Am Kiel-Kanal 44, Kiel 24106, Germany. akramer@geomar.de.
authors.forename: Annemarie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.affiliation: GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Marine Natural Products Chemistry Research Unit, GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Am Kiel-Kanal 44, Kiel 24106, Germany. alabes@geomar.de.
authors.forename: Antje
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Labes
authors.affiliation: GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Marine Natural Products Chemistry Research Unit, GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Am Kiel-Kanal 44, Kiel 24106, Germany. dtasdemir@geomar.de.|Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, Kiel 24118, Germany. dtasdemir@geomar.de.
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tasdemir
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000378:metabolism*; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods; D005658:Fungi / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D060847:Metabolic Engineering / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001688:Biological Products
keywords: biological derivatisation; bioprocess development; downstream processing; filamentous fungi; full fermentative process; genetic and metabolic engineering; heterologous expression; marine biotechnology; semi-synthesis; transfer to stirred tank reactor