title: Effects of a drill diameter on the temperature rise in a bone during implant site preparation under clinical conditions.
abstract: Heat, generated during the drilling of a dental implant site preparation, leads to a temperature rise and consequently to a thermal injury of the bone tissue surrounding the implant site, which can cause the subsequent implant failure. In this article, we present new findings related to the temperature rise during implant site drilling under real conditions on a bovine rib bone specimen. The experiments were designed with the help of a full-factorial design in randomized complete blocks, where the main effects of the drill diameter in combination with the drilling force and the drilling speed, and their interactions, on the temperature rise were determined. The temperature rise in the bone under real conditions was measured as the implant site was being prepared by a dentist using intermittent, graduated drilling and external irrigation. Results show that the drill diameter has statistically significant effect, independent of the drilling procedure used. Among the examined drilling parameters, the drill diameter has the greatest effect, where an increase in the drill diameter first causes a decrease in the temperature rise and further increase in the drill diameter causes its increase. During the continuous and one-step drilling, the temperatures of the bones were up to 40.5 °C and during the drilling under actual conditions up to 30.11 °C.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Measurements in Process Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Valerija
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bogovič
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Measurements in Process Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia andrej.svete@fs.uni-lj.si.
authors.forename: Andrej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Svete
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Measurements in Process Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bajsić
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001698:Biomedical Engineering; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D002417:Cattle; D003757:Dental Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003762:Dental Instruments / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D003765:Models, Dental
keywords: Implant dentistry; bone drilling; clinical conditions; full-factorial design; temperature rise