title: Impact of Hypothermia Initiation and Duration on Perihemorrhagic Edema Evolution After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.
abstract: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) causes high morbidity and mortality. Recently, perihemorrhagic edema (PHE) has been suggested as an important prognostic factor. Therapeutic hypothermia may be a promising therapeutic option to treat PHE. However, no data exist about the optimal timing and duration of therapeutic hypothermia in ICH. We examined the impact of therapeutic hypothermia timing and duration on PHE evolution.
  
  
  
  In this retrospective, single-center, case-control study, we identified patients with ICH treated with mild endovascular hypothermia (target temperature 35°C) from our institutional database. Patients were grouped according to hypothermia initiation (early: days 1-2 and late: days 4-5 after admission) and hypothermia duration (short: 4-8 days and long: 9-15 days). Patients with ICH matched for ICH volume, age, ICH localization, and intraventricular hemorrhage were identified as controls. Relative PHE, temperature, and intracranial pressure course were analyzed. Clinical outcome on day 90 was assessed using the modified Rankin scale (0-3=favorable and 4-6=poor).
  
  
  
  Thirty-three patients with ICH treated with hypothermia and 37 control patients were included. Early hypothermia initiation led to relative PHE decrease between admission and day 3, whereas median relative PHE increased in control patients (-0.05 [interquartile range, -0.4 to 0.07] and 0.07 [interquartile range, -0.07 to 0.26], respectively; P=0.007) and patients with late hypothermia initiation (0.22 [interquartile range 0.12-0.27]; P=0.037). After day 3, relative PHE increased in all groups without difference. Outcome was not different between patients treated with hypothermia and controls.
  
  
  
  Early hypothermia initiation after ICH onset seems to have an important impact on PHE evolution, whereas our data suggest only limited impact later than day 3 after onset.
authors.affiliation: From the Neurological Department (B.V., S.H., W.W., H.B.H., J.B.K., S.S., D.S.) and Neuroradiological Department (H.L., S.P.K., A.D.), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; and Department of Neurology, Hospital of the Brothers of St. John, Eisenstadt, Austria (D.S.). bastian.volbers@uk-erlangen.de.
authors.forename: Bastian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Volbers
authors.affiliation: From the Neurological Department (B.V., S.H., W.W., H.B.H., J.B.K., S.S., D.S.) and Neuroradiological Department (H.L., S.P.K., A.D.), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; and Department of Neurology, Hospital of the Brothers of St. John, Eisenstadt, Austria (D.S.).
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.affiliation: From the Neurological Department (B.V., S.H., W.W., H.B.H., J.B.K., S.S., D.S.) and Neuroradiological Department (H.L., S.P.K., A.D.), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; and Department of Neurology, Hospital of the Brothers of St. John, Eisenstadt, Austria (D.S.).
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Willfarth
authors.affiliation: From the Neurological Department (B.V., S.H., W.W., H.B.H., J.B.K., S.S., D.S.) and Neuroradiological Department (H.L., S.P.K., A.D.), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; and Department of Neurology, Hospital of the Brothers of St. John, Eisenstadt, Austria (D.S.).
authors.forename: Hannes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lücking
authors.affiliation: From the Neurological Department (B.V., S.H., W.W., H.B.H., J.B.K., S.S., D.S.) and Neuroradiological Department (H.L., S.P.K., A.D.), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; and Department of Neurology, Hospital of the Brothers of St. John, Eisenstadt, Austria (D.S.).
authors.forename: Stephan P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kloska
authors.affiliation: From the Neurological Department (B.V., S.H., W.W., H.B.H., J.B.K., S.S., D.S.) and Neuroradiological Department (H.L., S.P.K., A.D.), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; and Department of Neurology, Hospital of the Brothers of St. John, Eisenstadt, Austria (D.S.).
authors.forename: Arnd
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doerfler
authors.affiliation: From the Neurological Department (B.V., S.H., W.W., H.B.H., J.B.K., S.S., D.S.) and Neuroradiological Department (H.L., S.P.K., A.D.), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; and Department of Neurology, Hospital of the Brothers of St. John, Eisenstadt, Austria (D.S.).
authors.forename: Hagen B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Huttner
authors.affiliation: From the Neurological Department (B.V., S.H., W.W., H.B.H., J.B.K., S.S., D.S.) and Neuroradiological Department (H.L., S.P.K., A.D.), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; and Department of Neurology, Hospital of the Brothers of St. John, Eisenstadt, Austria (D.S.).
authors.forename: Joji B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kuramatsu
authors.affiliation: From the Neurological Department (B.V., S.H., W.W., H.B.H., J.B.K., S.S., D.S.) and Neuroradiological Department (H.L., S.P.K., A.D.), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; and Department of Neurology, Hospital of the Brothers of St. John, Eisenstadt, Austria (D.S.).
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schwab
authors.affiliation: From the Neurological Department (B.V., S.H., W.W., H.B.H., J.B.K., S.S., D.S.) and Neuroradiological Department (H.L., S.P.K., A.D.), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; and Department of Neurology, Hospital of the Brothers of St. John, Eisenstadt, Austria (D.S.).
authors.forename: Dimitre
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Staykov
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: brain edema; cerebral hemorrhage; induced hypothermia; stroke