title: Rinsing with Saline Promotes Human Gingival Fibroblast Wound Healing In Vitro.
abstract: Rinsing the mouth with sodium chloride (NaCl) solution is believed to promote healthy gum and improve oral ulcer healing. Scientific evidence to support this assumption is, however, lacking. This study aims to investigate the effect and clarify underlying mechanisms of short-term rinsing with NaCl on human gingival fibroblast (hGFs) wound healing. Isolated primary hGFs and human normal oral keratinocytes (hNOKs) were rinsed with 0-7.2% NaCl for 2 min, 3 times a day. Scratch-tests, trans-well migration assays and MTT activity were performed. mRNA expression was assessed of type-I collagen, fibronectin and FAK. Changes in FAK and F-actin were detected by immunofluorescence. KCl, NaH2PO4, KH2PO4 were used to clarify the molecules involved. Rinsing with 0.9-1.8% NaCl significantly promoted hGFs cell migration but not proliferation. However, it had no effect on hNOKs. Rinsing with 1.8% NaCl significantly up-regulated the expression of type-I collagen and fibronectin. FAK and F-actin, molecules responsible for cytoskeleton re-organization and cell migration, were also up-regulated. Cl- seemed to be essential since rinsing with KCl resulted in a similar effect as noted with NaCl. In conclusion, short-term rinsing with NaCl promoted hGFs migration, and increased the expression of extracellular matrix as well as cytoskeletal proteins. These data strongly support the long held belief in the benefits of using NaCl mouth-rinse.
authors.affiliation: Mineralized Tissue Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.|Research Unit on Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Microbiology department, Faculty of Dentistry Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Nam Cong-Nhat
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Huynh
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Research Institute MOVE, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Everts
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.
authors.forename: Chidchanok
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leethanakul
authors.affiliation: Mineralized Tissue Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.|Department of anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Prasit
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pavasant
authors.affiliation: Research Unit on Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Microbiology department, Faculty of Dentistry Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Ruchanee Salingcarnboriboon
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Ampornaramveth
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D015415:Biomarkers; D024042:Collagen Type I; D005353:Fibronectins; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1