title: Bringing us back to our creative senses: Fostering creativity in graduate-level nursing education: A literary review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this paper is to explore empirical findings of five studies related to graduate-level nurse educators' and nursing students' perceptions about the roles of creativity and creative problem-solving in traditional and innovative pedagogies, and examines conceptual differences in the value of creativity from teacher and student viewpoints.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five peer-reviewed scholarly articles; professional nursing organizations; conceptual frameworks of noted scholars specializing in creativity and creative problem-solving; business-related sources; primary and secondary sources of esteemed nurse scholars.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quantitative and qualitative studies were examined that used a variety of methodologies, including surveys, focus groups, 1:1 interviews, and convenience sampling of both nursing and non-nursing college students and faculty.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Innovative teaching strategies supported student creativity and creative problem-solving development. Teacher personality traits and teaching styles receptive to students' needs led to greater student success in creative development. Adequate time allocation and perceived usefulness of creativity and creative problem-solving by graduate-level nurse educators must be reflected in classroom activities and course design.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings indicated conservative teaching norms, evident in graduate nursing education today, should be revised to promote creativity and creative problem-solving development in graduate-level nursing students for best practice outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT 06117, United States. Electronic address: duhamel@hartford.edu.
authors.forename: Karen V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Duhamel
mesh_terms: D003405:Creativity; D004511:Education, Nursing, Graduate / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D015402:Nursing Education Research; D010465:Perception; D011340:Problem Solving; D013338:Students, Nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D013663:Teaching / Q000458:organization & administration; D013850:Thinking
keywords: Creative problem-solving; Creativity; Graduate nursing education; Innovative teaching strategies