title: Looking for Missing Proteins in the Proteome of Human Spermatozoa: An Update.
abstract: The Chromosome-Centric Human Proteome Project (C-HPP) aims to identify "missing" proteins in the neXtProt knowledgebase. We present an in-depth proteomics analysis of the human sperm proteome to identify testis-enriched missing proteins. Using protein extraction procedures and LC-MS/MS analysis, we detected 235 proteins (PE2-PE4) for which no previous evidence of protein expression was annotated. Through LC-MS/MS and LC-PRM analysis, data mining, and immunohistochemistry, we confirmed the expression of 206 missing proteins (PE2-PE4) in line with current HPP guidelines (version 2.0). Parallel reaction monitoring acquisition and sythetic heavy labeled peptides targeted 36 ≪one-hit wonder≫ candidates selected based on prior peptide spectrum match assessment. 24 were validated with additional predicted and specifically targeted peptides. Evidence was found for 16 more missing proteins using immunohistochemistry on human testis sections. The expression pattern for some of these proteins was specific to the testis, and they could possibly be valuable markers with fertility assessment applications. Strong evidence was also found of four "uncertain" proteins (PE5); their status should be re-examined. We show how using a range of sample preparation techniques combined with MS-based analysis, expert knowledge, and complementary antibody-based techniques can produce data of interest to the community. All MS/MS data are available via ProteomeXchange under identifier PXD003947. In addition to contributing to the C-HPP, we hope these data will stimulate continued exploration of the sperm proteome.
authors.affiliation: CEA, DRF, BIG, Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Echelle, 17 rue des martyrs, Grenoble F-38054, France.|Inserm U1038 , 17, rue des Martyrs, Grenoble F-38054, France.|Université de Grenoble , Grenoble F-38054, France.
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Vandenbrouck
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Protein Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva , 1, rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.|CALIPHO Group, SIB-Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CMU , rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Lydie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7178, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carapito
authors.affiliation: CALIPHO Group, SIB-Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CMU , rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Duek
authors.affiliation: Protim, Inserm U1085, Irset, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes 35042, France.
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rondel
authors.affiliation: CEA, DRF, BIG, Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Echelle, 17 rue des martyrs, Grenoble F-38054, France.|Inserm U1038 , 17, rue des Martyrs, Grenoble F-38054, France.|Université de Grenoble , Grenoble F-38054, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bruley
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7178, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Macron
authors.affiliation: Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gonzalez de Peredo
authors.affiliation: CEA, DRF, BIG, Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Echelle, 17 rue des martyrs, Grenoble F-38054, France.|Inserm U1038 , 17, rue des Martyrs, Grenoble F-38054, France.|Université de Grenoble , Grenoble F-38054, France.
authors.forename: Yohann
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Couté
authors.affiliation: Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Karima
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chaoui
authors.affiliation: Protim, Inserm U1085, Irset, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes 35042, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Com
authors.affiliation: CALIPHO Group, SIB-Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CMU , rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gateau
authors.affiliation: CEA, DRF, BIG, Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Echelle, 17 rue des martyrs, Grenoble F-38054, France.|Inserm U1038 , 17, rue des Martyrs, Grenoble F-38054, France.|Université de Grenoble , Grenoble F-38054, France.
authors.forename: Anne-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hesse
authors.affiliation: Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Marlene
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marcellin
authors.affiliation: Protim, Inserm U1085, Irset, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes 35042, France.
authors.forename: Loren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Méar
authors.affiliation: Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mouton-Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Proteome Informatics Group, Centre Universitaire d'Informatique , Route de Drize 7, 1227 Carouge, CH, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Thibault
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Robin
authors.affiliation: Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Odile
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Burlet-Schiltz
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7178, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cianferani
authors.affiliation: CEA, DRF, BIG, Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Echelle, 17 rue des martyrs, Grenoble F-38054, France.|Inserm U1038 , 17, rue des Martyrs, Grenoble F-38054, France.|Université de Grenoble , Grenoble F-38054, France.
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferro
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine de la Reproduction, CHU de Nantes , 38 boulevard Jean Monnet, 44093 Nantes cedex, France.|INSERM UMR1064 , Nantes 44093, France.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fréour
authors.affiliation: CEA, DRF, BIG, Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Echelle, 17 rue des martyrs, Grenoble F-38054, France.|Inserm U1038 , 17, rue des Martyrs, Grenoble F-38054, France.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lindskog
authors.affiliation: CEA, DRF, BIG, Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Echelle, 17 rue des martyrs, Grenoble F-38054, France.|Inserm U1038 , 17, rue des Martyrs, Grenoble F-38054, France.|Université de Grenoble , Grenoble F-38054, France.
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garin
authors.affiliation: Protim, Inserm U1085, Irset, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes 35042, France.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pineau
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D057225:Data Mining; D030562:Databases, Protein; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D013737:Testis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D020543:Proteome
keywords: bioinformatics; cilia; data mining; human proteome project; immunohistochemistry; mass spectrometry proteomics; missing proteins; spermatozoon