title: Hospital admission for infection during early childhood influences developmental vulnerabilities at age 5 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Childhood infectious diseases can be associated with later physical and psychological ill health, and the effects of this association may be evident during early childhood development. This study aimed to examine the effects of hospitalisation for early life infection on early childhood development.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital admission data for infection were obtained from the New South Wales Ministry of Health Admitted Patient Data Collection for 87 026 children, for whom the Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) was completed in their first year of formal schooling (age approximately 5 years). The AEDC provides estimates of each child's level of functioning on five domains of development spanning social and emotional skills, communication skills, numeracy and literacy and physical health. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to determine the relationship between exposure to hospital admissions for infectious disease prior to age 4 years and vulnerability on the AEDC. Models were adjusted for the effects of potential confounding factors related to the perinatal period, exposure to maltreatment and family characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Single and multiple hospitalisation(s) for infections were consistently associated with increased likelihood of being developmentally vulnerable on all AEDC domains, with odds ratios ranging from 1.02 to 1.28, after adjustment for confounding factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates a pervasive effect of early life infections that require hospital admission on multiple aspects of early child development, even after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Relatively, severe infection during early childhood constitutes a risk factor for developmental vulnerability by the time of entry to school.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.|Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Maina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kariuki
authors.affiliation: School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.|Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raudino
authors.affiliation: School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.|Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Melissa J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.|Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Kristin R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Laurens
authors.affiliation: School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.|Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Kimberlie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.affiliation: Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.|School of Population Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Sally A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Brinkman
authors.affiliation: School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.|Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.|Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Rhoshel K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Lenroot
authors.affiliation: School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.|Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Enwu
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.|Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Felicity
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.|Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Luming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. v.carr@unsw.edu.au.|Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. v.carr@unsw.edu.au.|Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. v.carr@unsw.edu.au.
authors.forename: Vaughan J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Carr
mesh_terms: D002657:Child Development; D000067576:Child Health; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007239:Infections / Q000150:complications*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: child; child development; hospitalised; infection; medical record linkage