title: Associations between elevated resting heart rate and subclinical atherosclerosis in asymptomatic Korean adults undergoing coronary artery calcium scoring.
abstract: Elevated resting heart rate (RHR) and the presence of coronary artery calcium (CAC) are closely related with inflammatory activity and cardiovascular disease outcomes. To date, however, the relationship between a high RHR and CAC has not been well studied, especially in non-western populations. We therefore aimed to examine the cross-sectional relationship between high RHR and the burden of subclinical atherosclerosis as measured by CAC score in a large sample of Korean adults. A total 26,018 subjects were enrolled and underwent CAC screening as part of a broader general health examination. RHR was categorized into four groups as: <60, 60-69, 70-79, and ≥80 beats per minute. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to estimate the odds of having a CAC score of either >0, >100, or >400 based on RHR. Mean age of the study population was 53.9 ± 8.2 years, and 79.7 % were male. After adjustment, each 10 beat per minute increment in RHR was associated with greater odds of having a CAC score above 100 (OR 1.13, 95 % CI 1.08-1.18) or 400 (OR 1.22, 95 % CI 1.13-1.31). Likewise, following adjustment, the odds of having a CAC >100 or >400 for those with a RHR ≥80 beats per minute were 1.42 (95 % CI 1.19-1.69) and 1.86 (95 % CI 1.42-2.47), respectively, compared with those who had a RHR <60 beats per minute. In a large cohort of Korean adults, elevations in the RHR, particularly above 80 beats per minute, were found to be independently associated with the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis as measured by CAC scoring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and the Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 E. 69th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA.|Division of Cardiology, Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Donghee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and the Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 E. 69th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA.|Division of Cardiology, Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and the Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 E. 69th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Asim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rizvi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and the Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 E. 69th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Lohendran
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baskaran
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo Eun
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Su-Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Ju
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Stroke & Vascular Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jidong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Gangnam Heartscan Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Hak
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Heartscan Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hae-Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and the Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 E. 69th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
authors.forename: James K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. hjchang@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Hyuk-Jae
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and the Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 E. 69th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA. briainohartaigh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Bríain
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ó Hartaigh
mesh_terms: D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012042:Registries; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D061205:Vascular Calcification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Coronary artery calcium; Korean adults; Resting heart rate