title: Evaluation of renal vascular anatomy in live renal donors: Role of multi detector computed tomography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evaluation of renal vascular variations is important in renal donors to avoid vascular complications during surgery. Venous variations, mainly resulting from the errors of the embryological development, are frequently observed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the renal vascular variants with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) angiography to provide valuable information for surgery and its correlations with surgical findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 200 patients underwent MDCT angiography as a routine work up for live renal donors. The number, course, and drainage patterns of the renal veins were retrospectively observed from the scans. Anomalies of renal veins and inferior vena cava (IVC) were recorded and classified. Multiplanar reformations (MPRs), maximum intensity projections, and volume rendering were used for analysis. The results obtained were correlated surgically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the present study, out of 200 healthy donors, the standard pattern of drainage of renal veins was observed in only 67% of donors on the right side and 92% of donors on the left side. Supernumerary renal veins in the form of dual and triple renal veins were seen on the right side in about 32.5% of donors (dual right renal veins in 30.5% cases and triple right renal veins in 2.5% cases). Variations on the left side were classified into four groups: supernumerary, retro-aortic, circumaortic, and plexiform left renal veins in 1%, 2.5%, 4%, 0.5%, cases respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Developmental variations in renal veins can be easily detected on computed tomography scan, which can go unnoticed and can pose a fatal threat during major surgeries such as donor nephrectomies in otherwise healthy donors if undiagnosed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radio Diagnosis and Imaging, G.R. Doshi and K.M. Mehta Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre and Dr. H. L. Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Vaidehi Kumudchandra
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Pandya
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, B. J. Medical College, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Alpeshkumar Shakerlal
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Radio Diagnosis and Imaging, G.R. Doshi and K.M. Mehta Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre and Dr. H. L. Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Harsh Chandrakant
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Sutariya
authors.affiliation: Department of Radio Diagnosis and Imaging, G.R. Doshi and K.M. Mehta Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre and Dr. H. L. Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Shruti Pradipkumar
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Gandhi
keywords: Circumaortic; plexiform; renal vein; retroaortic; supernumerary