title: Simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal (SNDPR) in a full-scale water reclamation plant located in warm climate.
abstract: The combination of simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND) with enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) provides a more efficient and economically viable option for nutrient removal from municipal wastewater compared to conventional two-step nitrification-denitrification. This study analyzed the nutrients (N and P) profiles in a full-scale municipal wastewater reclamation plant (WRP) located in the tropical region, in which more than 90% of nitrogen was removed. Interestingly, average SND efficiency in aerobic zones was found to be up to 50%, whereas phosphorus profile displayed a clear cyclic release and uptake pattern with a phosphorus removal efficiency of up to 76%. The capability of sludge to perform SND and EBPR was further confirmed through a series of batch experiments. Microbial analysis revealed the presence of Accumulibacter and Tetrasphaera phosphate accumulating organisms in the plant, while few glycogen accumulating organisms (GAO) was observed. This study showed the significant occurrence of combined SND and EBPR, known as simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal (SNDPR), in the studied WRP under warm climate. The possible causes behind the observed SNDPR were also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore E-mail: zhouyan@ntu.edu.sg; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore E-mail: zhouyan@ntu.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Zarraz M-P
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore E-mail: zhouyan@ntu.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Guangjing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: PUB, 40 Scotts Road # 15-01 Environment Building, Singapore 228231, Singapore.
authors.forename: Yeshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: PUB, 40 Scotts Road # 15-01 Environment Building, Singapore 228231, Singapore.
authors.forename: Beehong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.affiliation: PUB, 40 Scotts Road # 15-01 Environment Building, Singapore 228231, Singapore.
authors.forename: Winson
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lay
authors.affiliation: Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore E-mail: zhouyan@ntu.edu.sg; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore E-mail: zhouyan@ntu.edu.sg; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D058440:Denitrification; D058465:Nitrification; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism*; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology; D014329:Tropical Climate; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D010758:Phosphorus; D012722:Sewage; D062065:Wastewater