title: Pharmacist-physician collaborative care model for patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes in Brazil: results from a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a pharmacist-physician collaborative care model on clinical outcomes in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes and determine characteristics that influence this effect.
  
  
  
  A randomized controlled trial was conducted in a secondary care clinic for 80 patients with type 2 diabetes, aged 40-79 years and glycosylated haemoglobin (A1C) level ≥ 7.0%. The intervention group received individual, face-to-face pharmaceutical consultations and remote telephone support after a routine visit. The main measures were clinical outcomes (A1C, blood pressure, LDL cholesterol) and process indicators (medication adherence, medication regimen complexity, use of medicines). Multiple regression models were used to determine the variables that could explain the reduction and individualized control of A1C.
  
  
  
  From the initial sample of 80 patients, 73 completed this study. Compared with usual care, patients in the intervention group showed greater reduction in A1C (-0.79 vs. -0.16; P = 0.010); and an increase in the percentage of patients achieving the individualized goal of A1C (25.0% vs. 5.4%; P = 0.020). In addition, there was an increase in the percentage of adherent patients and in the average scores of medication adherence. Participation in the intervention group, higher baseline A1C levels and greater change in medication adherence were all significant predictors of improvement in A1C levels.
  
  
  
  The results suggest that the collaborative care model proposed is feasible and more effective than the usual care in the reduction and individualized control of A1C levels in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patricia M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Aguiar
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cláudio Henrique P
authors.initials: CHP
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chiann
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Diseases Clinic, University Hospital of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Egídio Lima
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Dórea
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Brazil.
authors.forename: Divaldo P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Lyra
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sílvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Storpirtis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D000070516:Intersectoral Collaboration; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008875:Middle Aged; D017146:Models, Organizational; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010595:Pharmacists; D010820:Physicians
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin
keywords: collaborative outcomes; multidisciplinary; patient-centred practice; pharmacists; randomized controlled trial; type 2 diabetes mellitus