title: Evaluation of inflammation during fixed orthodontic treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess effects of fixed orthodontic therapy on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level, CBC parameters and levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, creatinine, sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), total protein (TP), and albumin (Alb).
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples (7ml) were drawn at baseline, on days 1 and 7, and three months after placement of braces in the study group, while only one blood sample was drawn at baseline in the control group. Serum hs-CRP levels were measured by nephelometric method. Friedman two-way variance analysis was used to assess values with skewed distribution obtained at baseline, on days 1 and 7, in the third month. Wilcoxon rank sign test was performed if median values were unequal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During measurement periods, there were significant increases in hs-CRP level, WBC count and neutrophil count while a significant decrease in Na level (p<0.05). K level was significantly decreased on the day 1. No significant differences were detected in other biochemical parameters evaluated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevation in serum hs-CRP levels and neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio within first 3 months indicates that a systemic immune response develops against therapy in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey. Electronic address: fundagulbilgic@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Fundagul
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bilgic
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Akinci Sozer
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
authors.forename: Oguzhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozcan
authors.affiliation: Tokat Public Hospital, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet Burak
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Gurpinar
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hakki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yazgi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D003401:Creatine / Q000097:blood; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012709:Serum Albumin; D014508:Urea; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D012964:Sodium; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D003401:Creatine; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Blood samples; Orthodontics; hs-CRP