title: Effects of Calcium and Magnesium Ions on Acute Copper Toxicity to Glochidia and Early Juveniles of the Chinese Pond Mussel Anodonta woodiana.
abstract: We evaluated the effects of calcium (Ca(2+)) and magnesium (Mg(2+)) ions on copper (Cu) toxicity to glochidia and newly-transformed juvenile mussels (age 1-2 days) of the Chinese pond mussel (Anodonta woodiana). Acute Cu toxicity tests were performed with glochidia for 24 h and juveniles for 96 h with measured Ca(2+) concentrations of 1.1, 14, 26, 51, and 99 mg L(-1), or measured Mg(2+) concentrations of 2.6, 11, 21, and 39 mg L(-1). The Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) cations provided no statistically significant protection against Cu toxicity to glochidia or juveniles. The 24-h EC50 value for glochidia was 82 μg L(-1) Cu, and contrastly, 96-h EC50 value for newly-transformed juvenile mussels was as low as 12 μg L(-1) Cu, implying that the juveniles of A. woodiana are more vulnerable to Cu contamination at concentrations close to currently-accepted levels.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecological Environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hongbo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecological Environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiubao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecological Environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: International Student Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Ik Joon
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Biomonitoring and Environmental Laboratory, Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Xuchun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Biomonitoring and Environmental Laboratory, Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimasaki
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Biomonitoring and Environmental Laboratory, Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecological Environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, People's Republic of China. jiany@ffrc.cn.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049877:Anodonta / Q000187:drug effects*; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry*; D003300:Copper / Q000633:toxicity*; D005618:Fresh Water; D007477:Ions; D008274:Magnesium / Q000737:chemistry*; D061005:Ponds; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D003300:Copper; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Acute copper toxicity; Calcium (Ca2+); Glochidia; Magnesium (Mg2+); Newly-transformed juveniles