title: Use of Follicular Output Rate to Predict Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The measurement of follicular output rate (FORT) has been proposed as a good indicator for evaluating follicular response to the exogenous recombinant folliclestimulating hormone (rFSH). This places FORT as a promising qualitative marker for ovarian function. The objective of the study was to determine FORT as a predictor of oocyte competence, embryo quality and clinical pregnancy after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study was carried out on a group of infer- tile females (n=282) at Islamabad Clinic Serving Infertile Couples, Islamabad, Pakistan, from June 2010 till August 2013. Downregulated females were stimulated in injection gonadotropins and on ovulation induction day, pre-ovulatory follicle count (PFC) was determined using transvaginal ultrasound scan (TVUS), and FORT was determined as a ratio of PFC to antral follicle count (AFC)×100. Group I consisted of females with a negative pregnancy test, while group II had a positive pregnancy test that was confirmed with the appearance of fetal cardiac activity. Linear regression analyses of categorical variables of clinical pregnancy along with other independent variables, including FORT, were performed using SPSS version 15.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pregnancy occurred in 101/282 women who were tested, recording a clinical pregnancy rate of about 35.8%. FORT values were higher in group II as compared to group I females (P=0.0001). In multiple regression analysis, 97.7, 87.1, 78.2, and 83.4% variations were explained based on the number of retrieved oocytes per patients, number of metaphase II oocytes retrieved, number of fertilized oocytes, and number of cleaved embryos, respectively, indicating FORT as an independent predictor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FORT is a predictor of oocyte competence in terms of a number of retrieved, mature and fertilized oocytes. It also gives information about the number of cleaved embryos and clinical pregnancy rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Rehana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rehman
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, United Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Rozina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mukhtiar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baig
authors.affiliation: House Officer Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arif
authors.affiliation: House Officer, Services Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Faisal
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Hashmi
keywords: Assisted Reproductive Techniques; Follicular Output Rate; Infer- tility; Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection; Ovarian Follicles