title: Changing Polygenic Penetrance on Phenotypes in the 20(th) Century Among Adults in the US Population.
abstract: This study evaluates changes in genetic penetrance-defined as the association between an additive polygenic score and its associated phenotype-across birth cohorts. Situating our analysis within recent historical trends in the U.S., we show that, while height and BMI show increasing genotypic penetrance over the course of 20(th) Century, education and heart disease show declining genotypic effects. Meanwhile, we find genotypic penetrance to be historically stable with respect to depression. Our findings help inform our understanding of how the genetic and environmental landscape of American society has changed over the past century, and have implications for research which models gene-environment (GxE) interactions, as well as polygenic score calculations in consortia studies that include multiple birth cohorts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08644, USA.
authors.forename: Dalton
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Conley
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Laidley
authors.affiliation: Institute of Behavioral Science and Department of Sociology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
authors.forename: Jason D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Boardman
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford CA94305, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Domingue
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D020412:Multifactorial Inheritance; D019683:Penetrance; D011153:Population / Q000235:genetics*; D014481:United States