title: Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks with Multiple Mobile Sinks.
abstract: Mobile sinks can achieve load-balancing and energy-consumption balancing across the wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, the frequent change of the paths between source nodes and the sinks caused by sink mobility introduces significant overhead in terms of energy and packet delays. To enhance network performance of WSNs with mobile sinks (MWSNs), we present an efficient routing strategy, which is formulated as an optimization problem and employs the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) to build the optimal routing paths. However, the conventional PSO is insufficient to solve discrete routing optimization problems. Therefore, a novel greedy discrete particle swarm optimization with memory (GMDPSO) is put forward to address this problem. In the GMDPSO, particle's position and velocity of traditional PSO are redefined under discrete MWSNs scenario. Particle updating rule is also reconsidered based on the subnetwork topology of MWSNs. Besides, by improving the greedy forwarding routing, a greedy search strategy is designed to drive particles to find a better position quickly. Furthermore, searching history is memorized to accelerate convergence. Simulation results demonstrate that our new protocol significantly improves the robustness and adapts to rapid topological changes with multiple mobile sinks, while efficiently reducing the communication overhead and the energy consumption.
authors.affiliation: School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China. goodskyfly@163.com.|School of Medical Information and Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China. goodskyfly@163.com.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China. fgliu@scut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Fagui
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Data Analytics Department, Institute for Infocomm Research, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #21-01 Connexis (South Tower), Singapore 138632, Singapore. caojn@i2r.a-star.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Jianneng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China. lmwang@scut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Liangming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: discrete particle swarm optimization; energy efficiency; routing; wireless sensor network with mobile sinks