title: EMT reversal in human cancer cells after IR knockdown in hyperinsulinemic mice.
abstract: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with increased cancer risk and cancer-related mortality. Data herein show that we generated an immunodeficient hyperinsulinemic mouse by crossing the Rag1(-/-) mice, which have no mature B or T lymphocytes, with the MKR mouse model of T2D to generate the Rag1(-/-) (Rag/WT) and Rag1(-/-)/MKR(+/+) (Rag/MKR) mice. The female Rag/MKR mice are insulin resistant and have significantly higher nonfasting plasma insulin levels compared with the Rag/WT controls. Therefore, we used these Rag/MKR mice to investigate the role of endogenous hyperinsulinemia on human cancer progression. In this study, we show that hyperinsulinemia in the Rag/MKR mice increases the expression of mesenchymal transcription factors, TWIST1 and ZEB1, and increases the expression of the angiogenesis marker, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). We also show that silencing the insulin receptor (IR) in the human LCC6 cancer cells leads to decreased tumor growth and metastases, suppression of mesenchymal markers vimentin, SLUG, TWIST1 and ZEB1, suppression of angiogenesis markers, VEGFA and VEGFD, and re-expression of the epithelial marker, E-cadherin. The data in this paper demonstrate that IR knockdown in primary tumors partially reverses the growth-promoting effects of hyperinsulinemia as well as highlighting the importance of the insulin receptor signaling pathway in cancer progression, and more specifically in epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
authors.affiliation: Division of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Zara
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zelenko
authors.affiliation: Division of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Emily Jane
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.affiliation: Division of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Irini Markella
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Antoniou
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Masonic Cancer CenterUniversity of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Deepali
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sachdev
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineThe Mount Sinai Hospital and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Anupma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Masonic Cancer CenterUniversity of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.affiliation: Division of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA Derek.LeRoith@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: LeRoith
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; D005260:Female; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D014746:Vimentin / Q000378:metabolism; D000071799:Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C000604407:SNAI1 protein, human; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D014746:Vimentin; C519422:ZEB1 protein, mouse; D000071799:Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1; C467480:vascular endothelial growth factor A, mouse; C067250:Twist1 protein, mouse; D011972:Receptor, Insulin
keywords: cancer; epithelial–mesenchymal transition; hyperinsulinemia; insulin receptor; type 2 diabetes