title: The Association of Trip Distance With Walking To Reach Public Transit: Data from the California Household Travel Survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Use of public transit is cited as a way to help individuals incorporate regular physical activity into their day. As a novel research topic, however, there is much we do not know. The aim of this analysis was to identify the correlation between distance to a transit stop and the probability it will be accessed by walking. We also sought to understand if this relation was moderated by trip, personal or household factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the 2012 California Household Travel Survey was used for this cross-sectional analysis. 2,573 individuals were included, representing 6,949 transit trips. Generalized estimating equations modeled the probability of actively accessing public transit as a function of distance from origin to transit stop, and multiple trip, personal and household variables. Analyses were conducted in 2014 and 2015.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For each mile increase in distance from the point of origin to the transit stop, the probability of active access decreased by 12%. With other factors held equal, at two miles from a transit stop there is a 50% chance someone will walk to a stop versus non-active means. The distance-walking relation was modified by month the trips were taken.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals appear to be willing to walk further to reach transit than existing guidelines indicate. This implies that for any given transit stop, the zone of potential riders who will walk to reach transit is relatively large. Future research should clarify who transit-related walkers are, and why some are more willing to walk longer distances to transit than others.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Casey P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.affiliation: University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas School of Public Health; University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin, TX.
authors.forename: Kelley P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Gabriel
authors.affiliation: Texas A&M Transportation Institute, Austin, TX.
authors.forename: Ipek N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Sener
authors.affiliation: Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas School of Public Health; University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin, TX.
authors.forename: Abiodun O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Oluyomi
authors.affiliation: Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas School of Public Health; University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin, TX.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Knell
authors.affiliation: Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas School of Public Health; University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin, TX.
authors.forename: Anna K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.affiliation: Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas School of Public Health; University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin, TX.
authors.forename: Deanna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Oelscher
authors.affiliation: Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas School of Public Health; University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin, TX; University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.
authors.forename: Harold W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kohl
keywords: Public transit; built environment; physical activity; planning; transportation