title: Chemical constituents of tobacco smoke induce the production of interleukin-8 in human bronchial epithelium, 16HBE cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interleukin-8 (IL-8) functions as a major chemoattractant and plays pivotal roles in the initiation and development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and tobacco smoke is a most risk factor contributing to the development of COPD. Hence, we have screened some of the tobacco smoke-derived chemical compounds that potentially induce the production of IL-8 in human bronchial epithelium, 16HBE cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight hazardous smoke components belonging to 9 classes including nicotine, ammonia, aromatic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, carbonyls, hydrocyanic acid, nitrosamines and other volatile organics were used in the experiments. Proliferation of 16HBE cells was determined by cell counting kit-8 kit, luciferase activity was measured in IL-8 reporter gene-expressing 16HBE cells, and IL-8 levels in culture supernatants were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the non-toxic dosages, chemical compounds belonging to nicotine, aromatic amines, benzopyrene, phenols, aldehydes, and some other volatile organics dose-dependently increased IL-8 reporter gene expression. Consistently, the representative compounds belonging to nicotine, aromatic amines, benzopyrene, phenols, aldehydes, and some other volatile organics significantly and dose-dependently increased IL-8 levels in the culture supernatants of 16HBE cells, among these compounds, benzopyrene is a most potent stimulator for inducing IL-8 production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study has identified particular tobacco smoke constituents responsible for inducing the IL-8 production in human bronchial epithelium, which might help shed light on the pathogenesis of tobacco smoke-induced COPD.
authors.affiliation: Technological Center of China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co., LTD., 118 Kehai Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310024 China.
authors.forename: Guojun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Technological Center of China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co., LTD., 118 Kehai Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310024 China.
authors.forename: Weiqiang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China.
authors.forename: Chengyun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Technological Center of China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co., LTD., 118 Kehai Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310024 China.
authors.forename: Yajun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China.
authors.forename: Xiaokai
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Technological Center of China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co., LTD., 118 Kehai Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310024 China.
authors.forename: Fangfang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Technological Center of China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co., LTD., 118 Kehai Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310024 China.
authors.forename: Xinbo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Technological Center of China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co., LTD., 118 Kehai Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310024 China.
authors.forename: Chunyun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China.
authors.forename: Ximei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
keywords: Benzopyrene; Human bronchial epithelium; Interleukin-8; Nicotine; Tobacco smoke