title: Genome-wide identification, characterisation and expression profiles of calcium-dependent protein kinase genes in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).
abstract: In plant cells, calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are important sensors of Ca2+flux resulting from various environmental stresses like cold, drought or salt stress. Previous genome sequence analysis and comparative studies in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) defined a multi-gene family of CDPKs. Here, we identified and characterised the CDPK gene complement of the model plant, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Comparative analysis encompassed phylogeny reconstruction based on newly available barley genome sequence, as well as established model genomes (e.g. O. sativa, A. thaliana, Brachypodium distachyon). Functional gene copies possessed characteristic CDPK domain architecture, including a serine/threonine kinase domain and four regulatory EF-hand motifs. In silico verification was followed by measurements of transcript abundance via real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The relative expression of CDPK genes was determined in the vegetative growth stage under intensifying drought stress conditions. The majority of barley CDPK genes showed distinct changes in patterns of expression during exposure to stress. Our study constitutes evidence for involvement of the barley CDPK gene complement in signal transduction pathways relating to adaptation to drought. Our bioinformatics and transcriptomic analyses will provide an important foundation for further functional dissection of the barley CDPK gene family.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479, Poznan, Poland. ofed@igr.poznan.pl.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6970-8136
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fedorowicz-Strońska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koczyk
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaczmarek
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krajewski
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sadowski
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D055864:Droughts; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D017343:Genes, Plant; D001467:Hordeum / Q000235:genetics*; D005810:Multigene Family; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases
keywords: Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs); Drought stress; Gene expression; Hordeum vulgare; Phylogenetic analysis