title: Indirect plant-parasitoid interactions mediated by changes in herbivore physiology.
abstract: In occupying an intermediate trophic position, herbivorous insects serve a vital link between plants at the base of the food chain and parasitoids at the top. Although these herbivore-mediated indirect plant-parasitoid interactions are well-documented, new studies have uncovered previously undescribed mechanisms that are fundamentally changing how we view tri-trophic relationships. In this review we highlight recent advances in this field focusing on both plant-driven and parasitoid-driven outcomes that flow up and down the trophic web, respectively. From the bottom-up, plant metabolites can impact parasitoid success by altering host immune function; however, few have considered the potential effects of other plant defense strategies such as tolerance on parasitoid ecology and behavior. From the top-down, parasitoids have long been considered plant bodyguards, but in reality the consequences of parasitism for herbivory rates and induction of plant defensive chemistry are far more complicated with cascading effects on community-level interactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Purdue University, United States. Electronic address: ikaplan@purdue.edu.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Purdue University, United States.
authors.forename: Juli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carrillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Purdue University, United States.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garvey
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioagricultural Sciences & Pest Management, Colorado State University, United States.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Ode
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020387:Food Chain; D060434:Herbivory; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000502:physiology*; D006927:Hymenoptera / Q000502:physiology; D007313:Insecta / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000502:physiology*; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology