title: Influence of the duration of calving and obstetric assistance on the placental retention index in Holstein dairy cows.
abstract: The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of duration of calving and obstetric assistance on retained placenta incidence of high milk production Holstein cows. Experimental groups were determined according to the duration of the expulsive phase of calving: 2 h (n = 16), 2-4 h (n = 16) and >4 h (n = 12), and additionally allocated in two sub-groups: spontaneous calving (n = 22) and intervention calving (n = 22). Diagnosis of retained placenta was considered with a threshold of 8 h after the expulsive phase. Cows without obstetric intervention, with labor duration of 2 h, presented reduced time needed for placental release, in comparison to those with obstetric assistance. In the 2-4 h group and >4 h, there was no statistical difference. The 2 h and 2-4 h groups with intervention and the spontaneous >4 h group were considered retained placenta groups. On the other hand, performing obstetric intervention when calving period was superior to 4 h nulled the occurrence of retention of fetal membranes. As a conclusion, obstetric assistance predisposes placental retention to calving with <2 h of duration in dairy cows. Conversely, when calving is more than 4 h, performing fetal extraction has a beneficial influence on preventing retained placenta.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Vannucchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Liege G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Lúcio
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gisele A L
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Veiga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000379:methods* / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D018457:Placenta, Retained / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000662:veterinary*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: calving; dairy cow; obstetric assistance; retained placenta