title: A non-toxic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for aflatoxin B1using anti-idiotypic antibodies as substitutes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Immunoassays are widely employed techniques to detect aflatoxins since they are rapid, selective and sensitive. One common disadvantage of them is using aflatoxins as standard substances, which may trigger exposure risks to operators and environmental contamination without proper handling. Anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-Ids or Ab2s), also named as internal-image anti-Ids, are able to mimic and function as antigens, so a non-toxic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for aflatoxin B1(AFB1) is developed and validated using anti-Ids as substitutes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mouse monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody (McAb2) to AFB1was generated by the hybridoma technique using Fab fragments of rabbit anti-AFB1idiotype antibody (Ab1) as immunogen. As indicated by indirect competitive ELISA, McAb2, represented an internal-image of antigen AFB1, was able to bind Fab with competition to AFB1. Then, analysis of AFB1in spiked samples by non-toxic ELISA using anti-Ids as substitutes was developed, and it showed no significant differences with comparison to AFB1as competitive antigens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our work demonstrated that anti-Ids could be used as internal-image mimicry of AFB1, and it had potential applications in immunoassays for antigen substitution to reduce operational risk for operators and environmental contamination. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.|Department of Biological Engineering, HuangHuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Aiping
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Weifeng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hongxiu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.|National Key Laboratory of Agro-microbiology of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fusheng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D016604:Aflatoxin B1
keywords: Fab fragment; aflatoxin B1; anti-idiotypic antibody; internal-image