title: An Expeditious and Greener Synthesis of 2-Aminoimidazoles in Deep Eutectic Solvents.
abstract: A high-yield one-pot two-step synthesis of 2-aminoimidazoles (2-AI), exploiting an under-air heterocyclodehydration process between α-chloroketones and guanidine derivatives, and using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as nonconventional, "green" and "innocent" reaction media, has been accomplished successfully. The combination of either glycerol or urea with choline chloride (ChCl) proved to be effective for decreasing the reaction time to about 4-6 h in contrast to the 10-12 h usually required for the same reaction run in toxic and volatile organic solvents and under an argon atmosphere. In addition, the use of the ChCl-urea as a DES also enables the direct isolation of triaryl-substituted 2-AI derivatives by means of a simple work-up procedure consisting in filtration and crystallization, and allows the recycle of the DES mixture. A plausible mechanism highlighting the potential role played by hydrogen bonding catalysis has also been illustrated.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Universit&#224; del Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce I-73100, Italy. martina.capua@unisalento.it.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Capua
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Universit&#224; del Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce I-73100, Italy. serena.perrone@unisalento.it.
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perrone
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Universit&#224; degli Studi di Bari «Aldo Moro», Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, Bari I-70125, Italy. filippo.perna@uniba.it.
authors.forename: Filippo Maria
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Perna
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Universit&#224; degli Studi di Bari «Aldo Moro», Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, Bari I-70125, Italy. paola.vitale@uniba.it.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vitale
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Universit&#224; del Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce I-73100, Italy. luigino.troisi@unisalento.it.
authors.forename: Luigino
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Troisi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Universit&#224; del Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce I-73100, Italy. antonio.salomone@unisalento.it.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salomone
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Universit&#224; degli Studi di Bari «Aldo Moro», Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, Bari I-70125, Italy. vito.capriati@uniba.it.
authors.forename: Vito
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Capriati
mesh_terms: D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D012997:Solvents; C014973:2-aminoimidazole
keywords: 2-aminoimidazoles; deep eutectic solvents; green chemistry; guanidines; heterocyclization; α-chloroketones