title: Complications with Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing in 2,820 Examinations.
abstract: To perform a retrospective evaluation of the incidence of complications and adverse events during fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) in 2,820 examinations.
  
  
  
  Subjects included in- and outpatients at Pisa University Hospital referred for FEES by other physicians due to dysphagia symptoms. Neurologic diseases were the most commonly diagnosed conditions in the patients tested (48.3%). Informed consent was obtained from all subjects.
  
  
  
  Our study showed minor side effects (discomfort, occasional gagging and vomiting) and a few complications [three cases of anterior epistaxis (0.1%), one case of posterior epistaxis (0.04%), three cases of vasovagal syncope (0.1%) and two cases of laryngospasm (0.07%)]. These cases of laryngospasm occurred in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spontaneously resolved after some difficulty.
  
  
  
  Our study confirms the published data regarding the safety of FEES and the incidence of complications with this procedure, but also highlights that in neurologic patients with neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS, laryngospasm is more likely to occur as a severe complication. The overall risk of FEES is minimal, but it is recommended that clinicians be well trained in recognising the signs and symptoms of adverse reactions and be ready to take appropriate action if these occur.
authors.affiliation: ENT, Audiology and Phoniatrics Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nacci
authors.forename: Jacopo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matteucci
authors.forename: Salvatore Osvaldo
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Romeo
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santopadre
authors.forename: Maria Denise
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Cavaliere
authors.forename: Maria Rosaria
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Barillari
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berrettini
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fattori
mesh_terms: D003679:Deglutition; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004724:Endoscopy; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006801:Humans; D012189:Retrospective Studies