title: Validation of remote dielectric sensing (ReDS™) technology for quantification of lung fluid status: Comparison to high resolution chest computed tomography in patients with and without acute heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pulmonary congestion is a common presentation of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). The ability to quantify increased pulmonary parenchymal water content in chest computed tomography (CCT) is well known. However, availability and radiation limitations make it unsuitable for serial assessment of lung fluid content. The ReDS™ technology allows quantification of lung fluid content.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this work was to validate the ability of the ReDS™ technology to quantify total lung fluid when compared with CCT in ADHF and non-ADHF patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following CCT, ReDS measurements were obtained from consented subjects. ReDS measurements were then compared to the CCT using lung density analysis software. CCT results were converted from Hounsfield Units to percentage units, allowing comparison with the ReDS readings. The analyses, performed on 16 ADHF and 15 non-ADHF patients, were conducted by an independent observer blinded to ReDS outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fluid content averages and standard deviations for the non-ADHF group were 28.7±5.9% and 27.3±6.6% and for the ADHF patients 40.7±8.8% and 39.8±6.8% (CCT and ReDS respectively). Intraclass correlation was found to be 0.90, 95% CI [0.8-0.95]. Regression analysis yielded a slope of 0.94 (95% confidence interval [0.77-1.12]) and intercept 3.10 (95% confidence interval of [-3.02-9.21]). The absolute mean difference between the quantification of the two methods was 3.75 [%] with SD of 2.22 [%].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current findings show high correlation between the ReDS noninvasive system and CCT in both ADHF and non-ADHF patients. Remote patient monitoring using ReDS™ based system may help in the management of patients with heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Cardio-Vascular Institute, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Israel; Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar Ilan University, Tiberias, Israel.
authors.forename: Offer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Amir
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine "B", Rambam: Human Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Zaher S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Azzam
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Tamar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gaspar
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Suzan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Faranesh-Abboud
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine "B", Rambam: Human Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Nizar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Andria
authors.affiliation: Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Burkhoff
authors.affiliation: Sensible Medical Innovations Ltd., Kfar Neter, Israel.
authors.forename: Aharon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abbo
authors.affiliation: Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, OH, USA. Electronic address: William.Abraham@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Abraham
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058998:Remote Sensing Technology / Q000592:standards*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000592:standards*
keywords: Diuretics; Fluid management; Heart failure; Telemonitoring