title: Visual deviant stimuli produce mismatch responses in the amplitude dynamics of neuronal oscillations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Auditory and visual deviant stimuli evoke mismatch negativity (MMN) responses, which can be recorded with electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG). However, little is known about the role of neuronal oscillations in encoding of rare stimuli. We aimed at verifying the existence of a mechanism for the detection of deviant visual stimuli on the basis of oscillatory responses, so-called visual mismatch oscillatory response (vMOR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral visual stimuli in an oddball paradigm, standard vs. deviant (7:1), were presented to twenty healthy subjects. The oscillatory responses to an infrequent change in the direction of moving peripheral stimuli were recorded with a 60-channel EEG system. In order to enhance the detection of oscillatory responses, we used the common spatial pattern (CSP) algorithm, designed for the optimal extraction of changes in the amplitude of oscillations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both standard and deviant visual stimuli produced Event-Related Desynchronization (ERD) and Synchronization (ERS) primarily in the occipito-parietal cortical areas. ERD and ERS had overlapping time-courses and peaked at about 500-730 ms. These oscillatory responses, however, were significantly stronger for the deviant than for the standard stimuli. A difference between the oscillatory responses to deviant and standard stimuli thus reflects the presence of vMOR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study shows that the detection of visual deviant stimuli can be reflected in both synchronization and desynchronization of neuronal oscillations. This broadens our knowledge about the brain mechanisms encoding deviant sensory stimuli.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland; BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: sergei.tugin@aalto.fi.
authors.forename: Sergei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tugin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland; BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Julio C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hernandez-Pavon
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland; BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Risto J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ilmoniemi
authors.affiliation: Center for Cognition and Decision Making, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russian Federation; Neurophysics Group, Department of Neurology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité, University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Vadim V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Nikulin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D058407:Electroencephalography Phase Synchronization / Q000502:physiology*; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Electroencephalography (EEG); Event-related desynchronization (ERD); Event-related potential (ERP); Event-related synchronization (ERS); Mismatch negativity (MMN); Oscillations; Peripheral vision; Visual mismatch oscillatory response (vMOR)