title: The effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on neuroinflammation response in rat brain.
abstract: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) are widely used for their whiteness and opacity in several applications such as food colorants, drug additives, biomedical ceramic, and implanted biomaterials. Research on the neurobiological response to orally administered TiO2NPs is still limited. In our study, we investigate the effects of anatase TiO2NPs on the brain of Wistar rats after oral intake. After daily intragastric administration of anatase TiO2NPs (5-10 nm) at 0, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight (BW) for 60 days, the coefficient of the brain, acethylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, the level of interleukin 6 (IL-6), and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were assessed to quantify the brain damage. The results showed that high-dose anatase TiO2NPs could induce a downregulated level of AChE activities and showed an increase in plasmatic IL-6 level as compared to the control group accompanied by a dose-dependent decrease inter-doses, associated to an increase in the cerebral IL-6 level as a response to a local inflammation in brain. Furthermore, we observed elevated levels of immunoreactivity to GFAP in rat cerebral cortex. We concluded that oral intake of anatase TiO2NPs can induce neuroinflammation and could be neurotoxic and hazardous to health.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetics (UR12ES10), Faculty of Medicine, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia. intissar.grissa01@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Intissar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grissa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetics (UR12ES10), Faculty of Medicine, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Sabrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guezguez
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetics (UR12ES10), Faculty of Medicine, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Lobna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ezzi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetics (UR12ES10), Faculty of Medicine, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Sana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chakroun
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetics (UR12ES10), Faculty of Medicine, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.|Laboratory of Physics of Materials and Nanomaterials Applied at Environment (LaPhyMNE), Faculty of Sciences in Gabes, Gabes University, 6072, Gabes, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Amira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sallem
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetics (UR12ES10), Faculty of Medicine, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Emna
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kerkeni
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMISU), Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia.|Cytogenetic and Reproductive Biology Department, Fattouma Bourguiba Teaching Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Jaber
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Elghoul
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMISU), Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia.|Cytogenetic and Reproductive Biology Department, Fattouma Bourguiba Teaching Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Lassaad
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: El Mir
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetics (UR12ES10), Faculty of Medicine, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.|Laboratory of Physics of Materials and Nanomaterials Applied at Environment (LaPhyMNE), Faculty of Sciences in Gabes, Gabes University, 6072, Gabes, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Meriem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mehdi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetics (UR12ES10), Faculty of Medicine, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Hassen Ben
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Cheikh
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetics (UR12ES10), Faculty of Medicine, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Zohra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Haouas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Astrocytes; Brain; Neurochemicals; Neuroinflammation; Rats; Titanium dioxide nanoparticles