title: Distinct genomic architecture of Plasmodium falciparum populations from South Asia.
abstract: Previous whole genome comparisons of Plasmodium falciparum populations have not included collections from the Indian subcontinent, even though two million Indians contract malaria and about 50,000 die from the disease every year. Stratification of global parasites has revealed spatial relatedness of parasite genotypes on different continents. Here, genomic analysis was further improved to obtain country-level resolution by removing var genes and intergenic regions from distance calculations. P. falciparum genomes from India were found to be most closely related to each other. Their nearest neighbors were from Bangladesh and Myanmar, followed by Thailand. Samples from the rest of Southeast Asia, Africa and South America were increasingly more distant, demonstrating a high-resolution genomic-geographic continuum. Such genome stratification approaches will help monitor variations of malaria parasites within South Asia and future changes in parasite populations that may arise from in-country and cross-border migrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Shiva
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Devaraja G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Mudeppa
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Medicine, Goa Medical College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa 403202, India.
authors.forename: Ambika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Medicine, Goa Medical College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa 403202, India.
authors.forename: Anjali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mascarenhas
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Medicine, Goa Medical College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa 403202, India.
authors.forename: Rashmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dash
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Medicine, Goa Medical College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa 403202, India.
authors.forename: Ligia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Medicine, Goa Medical College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa 403202, India.
authors.forename: Riaz Basha
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Shaik
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Maki
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Wenyun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Shripad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tuljapurkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
authors.forename: Manoj T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Duraisingh
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Goa Medical College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa 403202, India.
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chery
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Electronic address: rathod@chem.washington.edu.
authors.forename: Pradipsinh K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Rathod
mesh_terms: D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D018503:Genome, Protozoan; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000235:genetics*
keywords: Epidemiology; Malaria; Molecular; Neighbors; Populations