title: Drug Disposition Classification Systems in Discovery and Development: A Comparative Review of the BDDCS, ECCS and ECCCS Concepts.
abstract: BDDCS, ECCS and ECCCS are compound disposition classification concepts that aim to streamline, de-risk and speed-up drug development. Although all three systems have the same purpose and are based on classifying drugs into four main categories, they have different backgrounds and contrast in their criteria. Here the details, differences and most important applications of the three systems are reviewed with particular emphasis of their roles for drug discovery and development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland. gian.camenisch@novartis.com.
authors.forename: Gian P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Camenisch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001702:Biopharmaceutics; D055808:Drug Discovery; D006801:Humans; D008660:Metabolism; D010539:Permeability; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000145:classification*; D010599:Pharmacokinetics; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations
keywords: BDDCS; ECCCS; ECCS; drug disposition classification; enzyme/transporter interplay