title: Synchronized separation, concentration and determination of trace sulfadiazine and sulfamethazine in food and environment by using polyoxyethylene lauryl ether-salt aqueous two-phase system coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: Polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (POELE10)-Na2C4H4O6 aqueous two-phase extraction system (ATPES) is a novel and green pretreatment technique to trace samples. ATPES coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is used to analyze synchronously sulfadiazine (SDZ) and sulfamethazine (SMT) in animal by-products (i.e., egg and milk) and environmental water sample. It was found that the extraction efficiency (E%) and the enrichment factor (F) of SDZ and SMT were influenced by the types of salts, the concentration of salt, the concentration of POELE10 and the temperature. The orthogonal experimental design (OED) was adopted in the multi-factor experiment to determine the optimized conditions. The final optimal condition was as following: the concentration of POELE10 is 0.027gmL(-1), the concentration of Na2C4H4O6 is 0.180gmL(-1) and the temperature is 35°C. This POELE10-Na2C4H4O6 ATPS was applied to separate and enrich SDZ and SMT in real samples (i.e., water, egg and milk) under the optimal conditions, and it was found that the recovery of SDZ and SMT was 96.20-99.52% with RSD of 0.35-3.41%. The limit of detection (LOD) of this method for the SDZ and SMT in spiked samples was 2.52-3.64pgmL(-1), and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) of this method for the SDZ and SMT in spiked samples was 8.41-12.15pgmL(-1).
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, 1301 Haifeng Street, Siping 136000, China; Jilin Key Laboratory of Numerical Simulation, Jilin Normal University, 1301 Haifeng Street, Siping 136000, China; School of Computer Science, Jilin Normal University, 1301 Haifeng Street, Siping 136000, China. Electronic address: luyang33@126.com.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Jilin Key Laboratory of Numerical Simulation, Jilin Normal University, 1301 Haifeng Street, Siping 136000, China; School of Computer Science, Jilin Normal University, 1301 Haifeng Street, Siping 136000, China.
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cong
authors.affiliation: Jilin Key Laboratory of Numerical Simulation, Jilin Normal University, 1301 Haifeng Street, Siping 136000, China; School of Computer Science, Jilin Normal University, 1301 Haifeng Street, Siping 136000, China. Electronic address: zhenjiangtansp@126.com.
authors.forename: Zhenjiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, 1301 Haifeng Street, Siping 136000, China.
authors.forename: Yongsheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D000077423:Polidocanol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013411:Sulfadiazine / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013418:Sulfamethazine / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; D000077423:Polidocanol; D013411:Sulfadiazine; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013418:Sulfamethazine
keywords: Aqueous two-phase system; Polyoxyethylene lauryl ether; Separation; Sulfadiazine; Sulfamethazine