title: Early exclusive breastfeeding is associated with longer telomeres in Latino preschool children.
abstract: Telomere length (TL) is a marker of cellular aging, with the majority of lifetime attrition occurring during the first 4 y. Little is known about risk factors for telomere shortening in childhood.
  
  
  
  We evaluated the relation between early life feeding variables and preschool TL.
  
  
  
  We assessed the relation between dietary, feeding, and weight-associated risk factors measured from birth and TL from blood samples taken at 4 y of age (n = 108) and 5 y of age (n = 92) in a cohort of urban, Latino children (n = 121 individual children). Feeding variables were evaluated in children with repeat measurements (n = 77).
  
  
  
  Mean TL (in bp) was associated with exclusive breastfeeding at 4-6 wk of age (adjusted coefficient: 353.85; 95% CI: 72.81, 634.89; P = 0.01), maternal TL (adjusted coefficient: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.54; P < 0.01), and older paternal age (adjusted coefficient: 33.27; 95% CI: 4.10, 62.44; P = 0.03). The introduction of other foods or drinks in addition to breast-milk or replacement-milk substitutes before 4-6 wk of age was associated with mean TL at 4 and 5 y of age (adjusted coefficient: -457.01; 95% CI: -720.50, -193.51; P < 0.01). Infant obesity at 6 mo of age and soda consumption at 4 y of age mediated the relation in part between exclusive breastfeeding at 4-6 wk of age and mean TL at 4 and 5 y of age. High soda consumption at 3 y of age was associated with an accelerated attrition from 4 to 5 y of age (adjusted coefficient: -515.14; 95% CI: -986.06, -41.22; P = 0.03).
  
  
  
  Exclusive breastfeeding at 4-6 wk of age may have long-term effects on child health as evidenced by longer TL at 4 and 5 y of age.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics, janet.wojcicki@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Janet M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wojcicki
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics.
authors.forename: Melvin B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Heyman
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics.
authors.forename: Deena
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Elwan
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry and Biophysics, and.
authors.forename: Jue
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry and Biophysics, and.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Blackburn
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Elissa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Epel
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001628:Beverages; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000494:pharmacology; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008895:Milk, Human; D009035:Mothers; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors; D016615:Telomere; D059506:Telomere Shortening; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D019422:Dietary Sucrose
keywords: Latino; breastfeeding; infants; obesity; telomere; telomere length