title: The Mortality Associated With Chronic Widespread Musculoskeletal Complaints: A Systematic Review of the Literature.
abstract: Chronic widespread musculoskeletal complaints (CWMSC) are a prevalent condition with a large impact on quality of life and with a large burden on society. Studies investigating the relationship between CWMSC and mortality have yielded inconsistent results. The present study aimed to clarify this relationship through a systematic review of the existing literature, including meta-analyses, to estimate pooled results and heterogeneity.
  
  
  
  The MEDLINE, EMBASE and Science Citation Index Expanded databases were searched in February 2016. Broad search terms were used to identify as many observational studies as possible that investigated the association between CWMSC and mortality. The identified studies were evaluated according to predetermined inclusion criteria.
  
  
  
  Six studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In pooled unadjusted analyses of three studies evaluating CWMSC, a non-significant tendency of increased overall mortality was found [mortality risk ratio (MRR) 1.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91-3.14]. However, in pooled analyses of all six studies reporting adjusted results, the non-significant tendency for higher mortality rates in those with CWMSC was nearly eliminated (MRR 1.13, 95% CI 0.95-1.34). Heterogeneity between studies was moderate to high, particularly regarding the use of confounding factors.
  
  
  
  In this systematic review, based on a limited number of studies, pooled data gave no evidence of a higher mortality rate among individuals with CWMSC. The non-significant tendency for a higher mortality rate in unadjusted pooled analyses was nearly eliminated in the adjusted pooled analyses, considering lifestyle factors such as physical activity smoking. In population-based studies evaluating the relationship between CWMSC and mortality rates, we recommend that both unadjusted and adjusted analyses should be presented. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Anders Nikolai
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Åsberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and FORMI, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Heuch
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.|Norwegian Advisory Unit on Headache, St Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Knut
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hagen
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000401:mortality; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000401:mortality*
keywords: Mortality; review; widespread musculoskeletal pain