title: Haemarthrosis model in mice: BSS - Bleeding Severity Score assessment system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prophylactic administration of clotting factor concentrate is currently the most effective strategy for the prevention of joint bleeding. As new agents with different mechanisms of action and administration schedules are developed, it will be important to study them in relevant preclinical models.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was the standardization of a mouse haemarthrosis model in a haemophilia mouse and the development and validation of a comprehensive bleeding assessment system, the Bleeding Severity Score (BSS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four outcome measurements were assessed, two of which, the extra-articular bleeding score and intra-articular bleeding score, were determined to be the most reliable and were summarized into a BSS which was validated using a mouse haemarthrosis variability model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using this model, the haemostatic effect of prospective drugs can be assessed in a clinically relevant joint bleeding model and will significantly increase the value of preclinical studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA. narine_hakobyan@rush.edu.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hakobyan
authors.affiliation: Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Valentino
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Enockson
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: X Q
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Radtke
authors.affiliation: Rush College of Nursing, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Fogg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D003029:Coagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005169:Factor VIII / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006395:Hemarthrosis / Q000473:pathology*; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D003029:Coagulants; C078147:F8 protein, human; D005169:Factor VIII
keywords: animal model; haemarthrosis; haemophilia A; haemostasis; joint; outcome assessment