title: [Clinical and anatomical features of congenital microphthalmia and anophthalmia in children and conservative methods of rehabilitation].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a comprehensive classification system of distinctive clinical and anatomical features of congenital microphthalmia and anophthalmia in children and to specify indications, contraindications, and optimal timing of the primary and subsequent prosthetic treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 70 patients with congenital micro- or anophthalmia aged from 1 month to 12 years were examined. Besides the routine ophthalmic examination, all patients underwent eye and orbit ultrasound (axial length measurement and B-scan), computed tomography of the orbits and skull, and immunological tests for infectious diseases (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Basing on the examination
  
  
  RESULTS
  we have determined the common types of congenital micro- and anophthalmia in children. We have also developed a stepwise prosthetic treatment aimed at better cosmetic rehabilitation. Indications and contraindications for the use of ocular prostheses in children with congenital micro- and anophthalmia have been identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed method of stepwise prosthetics is the principal option for conservative rehabilitation of children with congenital micro- or anophthalmia.
authors.affiliation: Moscow Helmholtz Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 14/19 Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 105062.
authors.forename: T V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Sudovskaya
authors.affiliation: Moscow Helmholtz Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 14/19 Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 105062.
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Filatova
authors.affiliation: Moscow Helmholtz Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 14/19 Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 105062.
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Kiseleva
authors.affiliation: Moscow Helmholtz Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 14/19 Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 105062.
authors.forename: Yu A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Bobrovskaya
authors.affiliation: Moscow Helmholtz Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 14/19 Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 105062.
authors.forename: N Sh
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Kokoeva
mesh_terms: D000853:Anophthalmos / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D058452:Axial Length, Eye / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000075202:Contraindications; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D005137:Eye, Artificial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007159:Immunologic Tests / Q000379:methods; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008850:Microphthalmos / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D009915:Orbit / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D020273:Orbital Implants; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography