title: Effects of parental monitoring on alcohol use in the US and Sweden: A brief report.
abstract: Adolescent alcohol use predicts a myriad of negative mental and physical health outcomes including fatality (Midanik, 2004). Research in parental influence on alcohol consumption finds parental monitoring (PM), or knowing where/whom your child is with, is associated with lower levels of alcohol use in adolescents (e.g., Arria et al., 2008). As PM interventions have had only limited success (Koutakis, Stattin, & Kerr, 2008), investigating moderating factors of PM is of importance. Country may serve as one such moderator (Calafat, Garcia, Juan, Becoña, & Fernández-Hermida, 2014). Thus, the purpose of the present report is to assess the relationship between PM and alcohol use in the US and Sweden.
  
  
  
  High school seniors from the US (n=1181, 42.3% Male) and Sweden (n=2171, 44.1% Male) completed assessments of total drinks consumed in a typical week, problematic alcohol use, and perceived PM.
  
  
  
  Generalized linear mixed modeling (GLM, Cohen, Cohen, West, & Aiken, 2013; Hilbe, 2011) was used to examine whether country moderated the relationship between PM and alcohol use. Results revealed main effects of country and PM and a significant interaction between country and PM in predicting total drinks per week and PM in predicting problematic alcohol use (p<0.001).
  
  
  
  While PM is related to lower quantity of alcohol consumed and problematic alcohol use, greater PM appears to be more strongly related to fewer drinks per week and less problematic alcohol use in the US, as compared to Sweden.
authors.affiliation: University of Washington, Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, 1100 NE 45th Street, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98103, United States. Electronic address: hacdougl@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Haley A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.affiliation: University of Washington, Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, 1100 NE 45th Street, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98103, United States.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Heleniak
authors.affiliation: University of New Mexico, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, 2650 Yale SE MSC11-6280, Albuquerque, MN, 87106, United States.
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Witkiewitz
authors.affiliation: University of Washington, Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, 1100 NE 45th Street, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98103, United States.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: University of Washington, Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, 1100 NE 45th Street, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98103, United States.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eakins
authors.affiliation: University of Washington, Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, 1100 NE 45th Street, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98103, United States.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Staples
authors.affiliation: Malmö University, Department of Health and Society, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Claes
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.affiliation: Malmö University, Department of Health and Society, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berglund
authors.affiliation: University of Washington, Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, 1100 NE 45th Street, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98103, United States.
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Larimer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting; D013548:Sweden; D000066608:Underage Drinking / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014861:Washington
keywords: Adolescent; Alcohol use; Consequences; Global; Parental monitoring