title: Effect-Directed Discovery of Bioactive Compounds Followed by Highly Targeted Characterization, Isolation and Identification, Exemplarily Shown for Solidago virgaurea.
abstract: A nontargeted, effect-directed screening (bioprofiling) and a subsequent highly targeted characterization of antibacterial compounds from plant matrices is demonstrated on the example of Solidago virgaurea root extracts. The procedure comprises high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) coupled with six bacterial bioassays including two plant pathogens, a radical scavenging assay, an acetylcholinesterase assay as well as in situ and ex situ mass spectrometric analyses. In situ mass spectra were directly recorded from the adsorbent using the Direct Analysis in Real Time interface (HPTLC-DART-MS), whereas ex situ mass spectra were recorded using an elution head-based interface (HPTLC-ESI-MS). For further bioassay-guided isolation of the main antimicrobial compounds, flash chromatographic fractionation and semipreparative high-performance liquid chromatographic purification were used and nuclear magnetic resonance data allowed the identification of the unknown antimicrobial compounds as 2Z,8Z- and 2E,8Z-matricaria esters. The discovered antibacterial activity was confirmed and specified by a luminometric assay and as minimal inhibitory concentration in the liquid phase.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ) and Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Food Sciences, Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ágnes M
authors.initials: ÁM
authors.lastname: Móricz
authors.forename: Péter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Ott
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ) and Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Food Sciences, Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Tim T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Häbe
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University , Üllői Str. 26, 1085 Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: András
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Darcsi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University , Üllői Str. 26, 1085 Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Böszörményi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University , Üllői Str. 26, 1085 Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: Ágnes
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Alberti
authors.forename: Dániel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Krüzselyi
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Csontos
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University , Üllői Str. 26, 1085 Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: Szabolcs
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Béni
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ) and Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Food Sciences, Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Gertrud E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Morlock
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction; D036624:Solidago / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts