title: Identification of specific bovine blood biomarkers with a non-targeted approach using HPLC ESI tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: Animal by-products are valuable protein sources in animal nutrition. Among them are blood products and blood meal, which are used as high-quality material for their beneficial effects on growth and health. Within the framework of the feed ban relaxation, the development of complementary methods in order to refine the identification of processed animal proteins remains challenging. The aim of this study was to identify specific biomarkers that would allow the detection of bovine blood products and processed animal proteins using tandem mass spectrometry. Seventeen biomarkers were identified: nine peptides for bovine plasma powder; seven peptides for bovine haemoglobin powder, including six peptides for bovine blood meal; and one peptide for porcine blood. They were not detected in several commercial compound feed or feed materials, such as blood by-products of other animal origins, milk-derived products and fish meal. These biomarkers could be used for developing a species-specific and blood-specific detection method.
authors.affiliation: Food and Feed Quality Unit, Agricultural Product Valorisation Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Chaussée de Namur 24, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Science (UREAR-ULg), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster 20 B42, 4000 Liège, Belgium. Electronic address: m.lecrenier@cra.wallonie.be.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lecrenier
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry and Biology (URBC) - NARILIS, University of Namur, rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium. Electronic address: helene.marbaix@unamur.be.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Marbaix
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry and Biology (URBC) - NARILIS, University of Namur, rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium; MaSUN, Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Namur, rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium. Electronic address: marc.dieu@unamur.be.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dieu
authors.affiliation: Food and Feed Quality Unit, Agricultural Product Valorisation Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Chaussée de Namur 24, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium. Electronic address: p.veys@cra.wallonie.be.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Veys
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Science (UREAR-ULg), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster 20 B42, 4000 Liège, Belgium. Electronic address: claude.saegerman@ulg.ac.be.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saegerman
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry and Biology (URBC) - NARILIS, University of Namur, rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium. Electronic address: martine.raes@unamur.be.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raes
authors.affiliation: Food and Feed Quality Unit, Agricultural Product Valorisation Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Chaussée de Namur 24, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium. Electronic address: v.baeten@cra.wallonie.be.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baeten
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D002417:Cattle; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000032:analysis; D016643:Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D011200:Poultry; D013045:Species Specificity; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001798:Blood Proteins; D006454:Hemoglobins
keywords: Biomarkers; Blood; Bovine; Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE); Processed animal proteins (PAPs); Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)