title: Implementation of a Regional Telephone Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Program and Outcomes After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.
abstract: Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) significantly improves survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest but is provided in less than half of events on average. Telephone CPR (TCPR) can significantly increase bystander CPR rates and improve clinical outcomes.
  
  
  
  To investigate the effect of a TCPR bundle of care on TCPR process measures and outcomes.
  
  
  
  A prospective, before-after, observational study of adult patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest not receiving bystander CPR before the 9-1-1 call between October 1, 2010, and September 30, 2013.
  
  
  
  A TCPR program, including guideline-based protocols, telecommunicator training, data collection, and feedback, in 2 regional dispatch centers servicing metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona. Audio recordings of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest calls were audited and linked with emergency medical services and hospital outcome data.
  
  
  
  Survival to hospital discharge and functional outcome at hospital discharge.
  
  
  
  There were 2334 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (798 phase 1 [P1] and 1536 phase 2 [P2]) in the study group; 64% (1499) were male, and the median age was 63 years (age range, 9-101 years; interquartile range, 51-75 years). Provision of TCPR increased from 43.5% in P1 to 52.8% in P2 (P < .001), yielding an increase of 9.3% (95% CI, 4.9%-13.8%). The median time to first chest compression decreased from 256 seconds in P1 to 212 seconds in P2 (P < .001). All rhythm survival was significantly higher in P2 (184 of 1536 [12.0%]) compared with P1 (73 of 798 [9.1%]), with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.47 (95% CI, 1.08-2.02; P = .02) in a logistic regression model and an adjusted difference in absolute survival rates (adjusted rate difference) of 3.1% (95% CI, 1.5%-4.9%). Survival for patients with a shockable initial rhythm significantly improved in P2 (107 of 306 [35.0%]) compared with P1 (42 of 170 [24.7%]), with an aOR of 1.70 (95% CI, 1.09-2.65; P = .02) and an adjusted rate difference of 9.6% (95% CI, 4.8%-14.4%). The rate of favorable functional outcome was significantly higher in P2 (127 of 1536 [8.3%]; 95% CI, 6.9%-9.8%) than in P1 (45 of 798 [5.6%]; 95% CI, 4.1%-7.5%), with an aOR of 1.68 (95% CI, 1.13-2.48; P = .01) and an adjusted rate difference of 2.7% (95% CI, 1.3%-4.4%).
  
  
  
  Implementation of a guideline-based TCPR bundle of care was independently associated with significant improvements in the provision and timeliness of TCPR, survival to hospital discharge, and survival with favorable functional outcome.
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Emergency Medical Services & Trauma System, Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix2Arizona Emergency Medicine Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Arizona, Phoenix.
authors.forename: Bentley J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Bobrow
authors.affiliation: Arizona Emergency Medicine Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Arizona, Phoenix.
authors.forename: Daniel W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Spaite
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.
authors.forename: Tyler F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Vadeboncoeur
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, Tucson.
authors.forename: Chengcheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Emergency Medical Services & Trauma System, Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix.
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mullins
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Tobacco and Chronic Disease, Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix.
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tormala
authors.affiliation: The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix7Maricopa Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dameff
authors.affiliation: Phoenix Fire Department, Phoenix, Arizona.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.affiliation: Mesa Fire and Medical Department, Mesa, Arizona.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Emergency Medical Services & Trauma System, Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix.
authors.forename: Micah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Panczyk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D008875:Middle Aged; D058687:Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013689:Telephone; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult