title: Determination and characterization of destruxin production in Metarhizium anisopliae Tk6 and formulations for Aedes aegypti mosquitoes control at the field level.
abstract: Destruxins, cyclic hexadepsipeptide toxins, secreted by the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae through extracellular synthesis. The present study reports a new approach for the analysis of DTXs produced by the fungal strain Metarhizium anisoliae Tk6, using FRIR-HPLC-LC-MS and H(1) NMR. The results also showed that production of the major DTXs A, B, C, and E have to be determined in Czapek Dextrose (CD) liquid culture filtrate from 9 to 12 days post-inoculation. Purified DTX were further tested in bioassays to assess their effects of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The four major purified DTX compounds were found to cause a toxic effect on the larval developmental stages of mosquitoes with high mortality rates. However, DTX E outperformed the other three DTXs by causing the highest mortality three days after inoculation. This result gives an alternative approach of using DTXs in mosquitoes control and used as a new method for other pest management.
authors.affiliation: Fujian-Taiwan Joint Innovation Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Vegetable Subcenter, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, MOE, Faculty of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China.
authors.forename: Keppanan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ravindran
authors.affiliation: Fujian-Taiwan Joint Innovation Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Vegetable Subcenter, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, MOE, Faculty of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China; Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.
authors.forename: Komivi Senyo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Akutse
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Sivaperumal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sivaramakrishnan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, MOE, Faculty of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China. Electronic address: liande_wang@126.com.
authors.forename: Liande
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D047630:Depsipeptides / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D052981:Metarhizium / Q000378:metabolism*; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D047630:Depsipeptides
keywords: Bioassay; Destruxin; Extracellular synthesis; Metarhizium anisopliae; Mortality