title: Spread Spectrum Based Energy Efficient Collaborative Communication in Wireless Sensor Networks.
abstract: Wireless sensor networks consist of resource limited devices. Most crucial of these resources is battery life, as in most applications like battle field or volcanic area monitoring, it is often impossible to replace or recharge the power source. This article presents an energy efficient collaborative communication system based on spread spectrum to achieve energy efficiency as well as immunity against jamming, natural interference, noise suppression and universal frequency reuse. Performance of the proposed system is evaluated using the received signal power, bit error rate (BER) and energy consumption. The results show a direct proportionality between the power gain and the number of collaborative nodes as well as BER and signal-to-noise ratio (Eb/N0). The analytical and simulation results of the proposed system are compared with SISO system. The comparison reveals that SISO perform better than collaborative communication in case of small distances whereas collaborative communication performs better than SISO in case of long distances. On the basis of these results it is safe to conclude that collaborative communication in wireless sensor networks using wideband systems improves the life time of nodes in the networks thereby prolonging the network's life time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science & Software Engineering, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Anwar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghani
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science & Software Engineering, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Husnain
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Naqvi
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science & Software Engineering, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sher
authors.affiliation: NUST College of EME, National University of Science & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muazzam Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science & Software Engineering, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Imran
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science & Software Engineering, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Azeem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Irshad
mesh_terms: D003195:Computer Communication Networks; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D059015:Wireless Technology