title: Immunohistochemical study of inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumour necrosis factor alpha response in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) experimentally infected with Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida.
abstract: Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida represents one of the major threats in aquaculture, especially in salmonid fish and turbot farming. In order to fight bacterial infections, fish have an immune system composed by innate and specific cellular and humoral elements analogous to those present in mammals. However, innate immunity plays a primordial role against bacterial infections in teleost fish. Among these non-specific mechanisms, the production of nitric oxide (NO) by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) pathway and the tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) produced by mononuclear phagocytes, are two of the main immune effectors to eliminate bacterial pathogens. In this study, the distribution and kinetic of iNOS and TNFα-producing cells of kidney and spleen of turbot experimentally inoculated with A. salmonicida was assessed by immunohistochemistry. In control and challenged fish, individual iNOS(+) and TNFα(+) cells, showing a similar pattern of distribution, were detected. In challenged fish, the number of immunoreactive cells was significantly increased in the evaluated organs, as well as the melanomacrophage centres showed variable positivity for both antigens. These results indicate that A. salmonicida induced an immune response in challenged turbot, which involved the increase of the activity of iNOS and TNFα in the leukocytic population from kidney and spleen.
authors.affiliation: Cátedra de Patología General y Especial Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Boulevard Ovidio Lagos y Ruta 33 s/n, 2170, Casilda, Argentina. Electronic address: german.coscelli@fveter.unr.edu.ar.
authors.forename: Germán
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Coscelli
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anatomía y Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bermúdez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ronza
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Losada
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: María Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Quiroga
mesh_terms: D016980:Aeromonas hydrophila / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005412:Flatfishes; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D007668:Kidney / Q000276:immunology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
keywords: Aeromonas salmonicida; Immunohistochemistry; Inducible nitric oxide synthase; Macrophages; Tumour necrosis factor-α; Turbot