title: A multilevel investigation to discover why Kandelia candel thrives in high salinity.
abstract: The halophilic mangrove species Kandelia candel is an excellent model for understanding why halophytes thrive in high salinity. Preliminary transcriptomic analyses revealed that genes involved in diverse functions, such as in phenylpropanoid and amino acid metabolisms, and those in DNA replication and damage repair were highly responsive to salt stress. Proteomic analyses revealed that the proteins involved in light reaction of photosynthesis, amino acid and carbohydrate metabolisms, secondary metabolite biosynthesis and posttranslational modification showed increased levels in response to salt stress. The metabolisms of phenylpropanoids and amino acids under salt stress were systematically examined based on the preliminary omics analyses. The activities of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic enzymes and the contents of phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and lignins were significantly increased under salt stress. In the free amino acid pool, glutamate was the most abundant. Together with γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate levels further increased, while proline levels remained unchanged in response to salt stress. These findings point to the potential importance of phenylpropanoids and free amino acids in salt tolerance of K. candel that have been observed, but not systemically investigated at the levels of gene expression, enzyme activity and metabolite accumulation in glycophytes and non-tree halophytes.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.|School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
authors.forename: Lingxia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors.forename: Dezhuo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, 210 Biology Building, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Chi-Lien
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
authors.forename: Wenyu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors.forename: Jianhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. weichen909@163.com, weichen@fafu.edu.cn.|Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular and Cell Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. weichen909@163.com, weichen@fafu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000378:metabolism; D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways; D004260:DNA Repair; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D020543:Proteome; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D043982:Rhizophoraceae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D054712:Salinity; D055051:Salt-Tolerant Plants / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000872:Anthocyanins; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D010940:Plant Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D018749:RNA, Plant; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D008031:Lignin
keywords: DNA damage repair; free amino acids; mangrove tree; phenylpropanoids; salt tolerance