title: Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities on Laserpitium carduchorum Hedge & Lamond Essential Oil and Extracts During Various Growing Stages.
abstract: Laserpitium carduchorum is frequently used as a spice, and in Bane folk medicine, the aerial parts of this are used to treat urinary infections. Variation in the quantity and quality of the essential oil of Iranian L. carduchorum at different developmental growth stages including vegetative, flowering, and seed ripening is reported. In total, 33 compounds were identified and quantified in the oils of vegetative, flowering, and seed ripening stages, representing 97.8%, 98.8%, and 98.7% of the oils, respectively. α-Pinene (45.1, 61.4, and 46.4%), sabinene (16.5, 10.3, and 17.5%), and limonene (6.4, 8.5, and 20.4%) were the main compounds in all samples. The antioxidant activities of different extracts of L. carduchorum at different developmental growth stages were examined by employing various established in vitro experiments including DPPH, FRAP, and TEAC assays. The amounts of total phenolics were also determined spectrophotometerically. Antimicrobial activities of different extracts and essential oils of L. carduchorum at different developmental growth stages were examined against five Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria, as well as two fungi. The results showed that maximum antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of extracts were at the flowering stage of the plant. Maximum antimicrobial activity of essential oils was at seed ripening stage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. d.dastan@umsha.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Dara
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dastan
authors.affiliation: Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran, Iran. p-salehi@sbu.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Peyman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salehi
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Forked Road of Jame-Jam, Sanandaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maroofi
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019661:Apiaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: 
  Laserpitium carduchorum
  ; Antimicrobial activities; Antioxidant activities; Essential oils; Medicinal plant