title: Liquid biopsy in patients with pancreatic cancer: Circulating tumor cells and cell-free nucleic acids.
abstract: Despite recent advances in surgical techniques and perioperative management, the prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PCa) remains extremely poor. To provide optimal treatment for each patient with Pca, superior biomarkers are urgently needed in all phases of management from early detection to staging, treatment monitoring, and prognosis. In the blood of patients with cancer, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell-free nucleic acids (cfNAs), such as DNA, mRNA, and noncoding RNA have been recognized. In the recent years, their presence in the blood has encouraged researchers to investigate their potential use as novel blood biomarkers, and numerous studies have demonstrated their potential clinical utility as a biomarker for certain types of cancer. This concept, called "liquid biopsy" has been focused on as a less invasive, alternative approach to cancer tissue biopsy for obtaining genetic and epigenetic aberrations that contribute to oncogenesis and cancer progression. In this article, we review the available literature on CTCs and cfNAs in patients with cancer, particularly focusing on PCa, and discuss future perspectives in this field.
authors.affiliation: Taisuke Imamura, Shuhei Komatsu, Daisuke Ichikawa, Tsutomu Kawaguchi, Mahito Miyamae, Wataru Okajima, Takuma Ohashi, Tomohiro Arita, Hirotaka Konishi, Atsushi Shiozaki, Ryo Morimura, Hisashi Ikoma, Kazuma Okamoto, Eigo Otsuji, Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Taisuke
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.affiliation: Taisuke Imamura, Shuhei Komatsu, Daisuke Ichikawa, Tsutomu Kawaguchi, Mahito Miyamae, Wataru Okajima, Takuma Ohashi, Tomohiro Arita, Hirotaka Konishi, Atsushi Shiozaki, Ryo Morimura, Hisashi Ikoma, Kazuma Okamoto, Eigo Otsuji, Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuhei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.affiliation: Taisuke Imamura, Shuhei Komatsu, Daisuke Ichikawa, Tsutomu Kawaguchi, Mahito Miyamae, Wataru Okajima, Takuma Ohashi, Tomohiro Arita, Hirotaka Konishi, Atsushi Shiozaki, Ryo Morimura, Hisashi Ikoma, Kazuma Okamoto, Eigo Otsuji, Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.affiliation: Taisuke Imamura, Shuhei Komatsu, Daisuke Ichikawa, Tsutomu Kawaguchi, Mahito Miyamae, Wataru Okajima, Takuma Ohashi, Tomohiro Arita, Hirotaka Konishi, Atsushi Shiozaki, Ryo Morimura, Hisashi Ikoma, Kazuma Okamoto, Eigo Otsuji, Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.affiliation: Taisuke Imamura, Shuhei Komatsu, Daisuke Ichikawa, Tsutomu Kawaguchi, Mahito Miyamae, Wataru Okajima, Takuma Ohashi, Tomohiro Arita, Hirotaka Konishi, Atsushi Shiozaki, Ryo Morimura, Hisashi Ikoma, Kazuma Okamoto, Eigo Otsuji, Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Mahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyamae
authors.affiliation: Taisuke Imamura, Shuhei Komatsu, Daisuke Ichikawa, Tsutomu Kawaguchi, Mahito Miyamae, Wataru Okajima, Takuma Ohashi, Tomohiro Arita, Hirotaka Konishi, Atsushi Shiozaki, Ryo Morimura, Hisashi Ikoma, Kazuma Okamoto, Eigo Otsuji, Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Okajima
authors.affiliation: Taisuke Imamura, Shuhei Komatsu, Daisuke Ichikawa, Tsutomu Kawaguchi, Mahito Miyamae, Wataru Okajima, Takuma Ohashi, Tomohiro Arita, Hirotaka Konishi, Atsushi Shiozaki, Ryo Morimura, Hisashi Ikoma, Kazuma Okamoto, Eigo Otsuji, Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuma
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.affiliation: Taisuke Imamura, Shuhei Komatsu, Daisuke Ichikawa, Tsutomu Kawaguchi, Mahito Miyamae, Wataru Okajima, Takuma Ohashi, Tomohiro Arita, Hirotaka Konishi, Atsushi Shiozaki, Ryo Morimura, Hisashi Ikoma, Kazuma Okamoto, Eigo Otsuji, Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arita
authors.affiliation: Taisuke Imamura, Shuhei Komatsu, Daisuke Ichikawa, Tsutomu Kawaguchi, Mahito Miyamae, Wataru Okajima, Takuma Ohashi, Tomohiro Arita, Hirotaka Konishi, Atsushi Shiozaki, Ryo Morimura, Hisashi Ikoma, Kazuma Okamoto, Eigo Otsuji, Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.affiliation: Taisuke Imamura, Shuhei Komatsu, Daisuke Ichikawa, Tsutomu Kawaguchi, Mahito Miyamae, Wataru Okajima, Takuma Ohashi, Tomohiro Arita, Hirotaka Konishi, Atsushi Shiozaki, Ryo Morimura, Hisashi Ikoma, Kazuma Okamoto, Eigo Otsuji, Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shiozaki
authors.affiliation: Taisuke Imamura, Shuhei Komatsu, Daisuke Ichikawa, Tsutomu Kawaguchi, Mahito Miyamae, Wataru Okajima, Takuma Ohashi, Tomohiro Arita, Hirotaka Konishi, Atsushi Shiozaki, Ryo Morimura, Hisashi Ikoma, Kazuma Okamoto, Eigo Otsuji, Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morimura
authors.affiliation: Taisuke Imamura, Shuhei Komatsu, Daisuke Ichikawa, Tsutomu Kawaguchi, Mahito Miyamae, Wataru Okajima, Takuma Ohashi, Tomohiro Arita, Hirotaka Konishi, Atsushi Shiozaki, Ryo Morimura, Hisashi Ikoma, Kazuma Okamoto, Eigo Otsuji, Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikoma
authors.affiliation: Taisuke Imamura, Shuhei Komatsu, Daisuke Ichikawa, Tsutomu Kawaguchi, Mahito Miyamae, Wataru Okajima, Takuma Ohashi, Tomohiro Arita, Hirotaka Konishi, Atsushi Shiozaki, Ryo Morimura, Hisashi Ikoma, Kazuma Okamoto, Eigo Otsuji, Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuma
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: Taisuke Imamura, Shuhei Komatsu, Daisuke Ichikawa, Tsutomu Kawaguchi, Mahito Miyamae, Wataru Okajima, Takuma Ohashi, Tomohiro Arita, Hirotaka Konishi, Atsushi Shiozaki, Ryo Morimura, Hisashi Ikoma, Kazuma Okamoto, Eigo Otsuji, Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Eigo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Otsuji
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D001706:Biopsy; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000097:blood*; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000097:blood; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D022661:RNA, Untranslated
keywords: Biomarker; Cell-free nucleic acids; Circulating tumor cells; Liquid biopsy; Pancreatic cancer