title: Removal of trace nonylphenol from water in the coexistence of suspended inorganic particles and NOMs by using a cellulose-based flocculant.
abstract: A flocculation method was used for the removal of trace nonylphenol (NP) from synthetic surface water containing natural organic matters (humic acid, HA) and suspended inorganic particles (kaolin). A polymeric flocculant (CMCND), with enhanced cationic property and unique switchable hydrophobic/hydrophilic characteristic, was specially designed for this application. CMCND showed a high efficiency for trace NP removal, turbidity and UV254 abatements: under optimized conditions (pH: 4; T: 35 °C; dosage: 40 mg/L), the removal of NP reached up to 79%. By using dosage-pH flocculation diagrams and correlation analyses as tools, kaolin and HA were found to exert synergistic effects on NP removal, with the aid of CMCND; the synergistic effect of HA is higher due to π-π stacking. Zeta potential-dosage profiles clearly demonstrated charge neutralization predominated at pH 4, due to the strong cationic groups in the flocculant. Floc size monitoring displayed that the delayed phase transformation process (from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity) of CMCND at 35 °C enhanced NP removal. In addition, spectral analyses clarified the interactions among CMCND, NP, kaolin and HA: charge attraction and hydrophobic interaction between CMCND and NP played the key roles. The findings are of significance for removing endocrine-disrupting chemicals in environmental remediation.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
authors.forename: Kexin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Centre des Matériaux des Mines d'Alès, C2MA-MPA, Ecole des mines d'Alès, 6 avenue de Clavières, F-30319, Alès cedex, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guibal
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
authors.forename: Shuying
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
authors.forename: Jiachun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
authors.forename: Xuntong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China. Electronic address: yangwb007@njnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Weiben
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D005427:Flocculation; D006812:Humic Substances / Q000032:analysis*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007616:Kaolin / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D006812:Humic Substances; D010636:Phenols; D011108:Polymers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D007616:Kaolin; C025256:nonylphenol; D002482:Cellulose
keywords: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals; Flocculation; Natural organic matters; Nonylphenol; Surface water