title: Quantitative Comparison of Photothermal Heat Generation between Gold Nanospheres and Nanorods.
abstract: Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are widely used for biomedical applications due to unique optical properties, established synthesis methods, and biological compatibility. Despite important applications of plasmonic heating in thermal therapy, imaging, and diagnostics, the lack of quantification in heat generation leads to difficulties in comparing the heating capability for new plasmonic nanostructures and predicting the therapeutic and diagnostic outcome. This study quantifies GNP heat generation by experimental measurements and theoretical predictions for gold nanospheres (GNS) and nanorods (GNR). Interestingly, the results show a GNP-type dependent agreement between experiment and theory. The measured heat generation of GNS matches well with theory, while the measured heat generation of GNR is only 30% of that predicted theoretically at peak absorption. This then leads to a surprising finding that the polydispersity, the deviation of nanoparticle size and shape from nominal value, significantly influences GNR heat generation (>70% reduction), while having a limited effect for GNS (<10% change). This work demonstrates that polydispersity is an important metric in quantitatively predicting plasmonic heat generation and provides a validated framework to quantitatively compare the heating capabilities between gold and other plasmonic nanostructures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Zhenpeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Yiru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Groupe de Recherche en Sciences pour l'Ingénieur (GRESPI) - EA 4694, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: Jaona
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Randrianalisoa
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada.
authors.forename: Vahid
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Raeesi
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada.|Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada.|Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada.
authors.forename: Warren C W
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Research School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lipiński
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bischof