title: Implications of Smokeless Tobacco Use Among Athletes.
abstract: In brief: This literature review delineates the current status of smokeless tobacco. It discusses the prevalence and terminology as well as periodontal effects, buccal mucosal and soft-tissue alterations, leukoplakia, cancer, carcinogenic components, hemodynamic alterations, and potential addiction. It is clear that physicians and dentists should discourage their patients from using smokeless tobacco. Young people particularly may be influenced by popular sports figures and celebrities who convey the erroneous impression that smokeless tobacco is harmless.
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Glover
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Edmundson
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Schroeder