title: Assessing sleep architecture and continuity measures through the analysis of heart rate and wrist movement recordings in healthy subjects: comparison with results based on polysomnography.
abstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate the reliability of a new methodology for assessing sleep architecture descriptors based on heart rate and body movement recordings.
  
  
  
  Twelve healthy male and female subjects between 18 and 40 years of age, without sleep disorders and not taking any drug or medication that could affect sleep, were recorded continuously during five consecutive nights. Together with the standard polysomnography, heart rate was recorded with a Holter and wrist movements by actimetry. Of the 60 recorded nights, 48 artifact-free nights were analyzed by two independent and well-trained visual scorers according to the rules of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Sleep stages were assigned to every 30-s epoch. In parallel, the same nights were analyzed by the new methodology using only heart rate and actimetry data, allowing a 1-s epoch sleep stage classification. Sleep architecture was measured for 48 nights, independently for the two manual scorings and the automatic analysis.
  
  
  
  Over 42 nights, the intra-class correlation coefficient, used to assess the consistency or reproducibility of quantitative measurements made by different observers, was classified as excellent when all 12 descriptors were combined. Analyses of the individual descriptors showed excellent interclass correlation for eight and good for four of the 12.
  
  
  
  The automatic analysis of heart rate and body movement during sleep allows for the evaluation of sleep architecture and continuity that is equivalent to those obtained by manual scoring of polysomnography. The technique used here is simple and robust to allow for home sleep monitoring.
authors.affiliation: PPRS, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muzet
authors.affiliation: PPRS, Paris, France. Electronic address: swe@pprs-research.com.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.affiliation: PPRS, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Gil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.affiliation: Sleep Disorders Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.affiliation: PPRS, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jay B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Saoud
authors.affiliation: PPRS, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Antoine U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Viola
authors.affiliation: PPRS, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Yves
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Schaffhauser
authors.affiliation: Index Ventures, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Rémy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luthringer
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D001330:Electronic Data Processing; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology*; D014953:Wrist
keywords: Automatic analysis; Inter-scorer reliability; Sleep descriptors; Sleep scoring