title: Acute and chronic toxicity of the benzoylurea pesticide, lufenuron, in the fish, Colossoma macropomum.
abstract: Lufenuron is a benzoylurea insecticide that interfere in chitin synthesis in insects. Although lufenuron is widely used in agriculture and aquaculture, rare are studies described that relates to possible toxic effects in fish. This work aimed to evaluate acute and chronic toxic effects of benzoylurea pesticide (lufenuron) on biological parameters of Colossoma macropomum (Tambaqui). In the acute test, juveniles of Tambaqui were divided into control group and five experimental groups with exposure from 0.1 to 0.9 mg/L of lufenuron for 96 h. Animals were also submitted to chronic toxicity test for four months in concentrations of 0.1 and 0.3 mg/L of lufenuron, the concentration used in the treatment of ectoparasites in fish and 50% of LC50 96 h, respectively. The presence of hemorrhages was observed in eyes, fins and operculum of fish exposed to 0.7 and 0.9 mg/L of lufenuron. Histological analysis showed changes in the morphology of fish gills submitted to acute toxicity test, as lamellar aneurysm and blood congestion inside lamellae. Lufenuron promoted damage in fish retina as in ability to respond to stimuli in photoreceptors and in ON-bipolar cells in acute test. In chronic test, blood glucose analysis and morphometric parameters showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). In general, Tambaqui exhibited behaviors associated with stress when exposed to lufenuron. Thus, lufenuron showed several toxic effects in relation to biological parameters in Tambaqui. This concerns about the use and discard of lufenuron, and indicates the requirement of environmental actions to prevent potential contamination of aquatic biota.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, 50780-901, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Priscila
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rafaela Leão Soares
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lucas Corrêa de Andrade
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thamiris
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pinheiro Santos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Stephannie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caroline Barros Lucas da Silva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jadson
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Freitas da Silva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodrigues Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elton
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hugo Lima da Silva Souza
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Franklin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Magliano da Cunha
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valéria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wanderley Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada (UAST), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Avenida Gregório Ferraz Nogueira, s/n, 56909-535, Serra Talhada, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marilia Ribeiro
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sales Cadena
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabrício
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bezerra de Sá
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, 50780-901, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bezerra de Carvalho Júnior
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, 50780-901, Recife, PE, Brazil. Electronic address: pabyton.cadena@ufrpe.br.
authors.forename: Pabyton
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gonçalves Cadena
mesh_terms: D058500:Animal Fins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001549:Benzamides / Q000633:toxicity*; D060125:Characiformes; D005123:Eye / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D036401:Toxicity Tests, Chronic; D005466:Fluorocarbons
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D010575:Pesticides; C070364:fluphenacur; D005466:Fluorocarbons
keywords: Amazonian fish; Animal behavior; Electroretinogram; Insecticide; Lufenuron