title: Validity, Reliability, and Responsiveness of the Brief Pain Inventory in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
abstract: Background and Aims. No patient-reported outcome measures targeting pain have yet been validated for use in IBD patients. Consequently, the aim of this study was to test the psychometrical properties of the brief pain inventory (BPI) in an outpatient population with IBD. Methods. Participants were recruited from nine hospitals in the southeastern and western parts of Norway. Clinical and sociodemographic data were collected, and participants completed the BPI, as well as the Short-Form 36 (SF-36). Results. In total, 410 patients were included. The BPI displayed high correlations with the bodily pain dimension of the SF-36, as well as moderate correlations with disease activity indices. The BPI also displayed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha value of 0.91, regardless of diagnosis) and good to excellent test-retest values (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.84-0.90 and Kappa values > .70). In UC, calculation of responsiveness revealed that only BPI interference in patients reporting improvement reached the threshold of 0.2. In CD, Cohen's d ranged from 0.26 to 0.68. Conclusions. The BPI may serve as an important supplement in patient-reported outcome measurement in IBD. There is need to confirm responsiveness in future studies. Moreover, responsiveness should ideally be investigated using changes in objective markers of inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Health Science, Østfold University College, Postboks 700, 1757 Halden, Norway; Department of Gastroenterology, Østfold Hospital Trust, Fredrikstad, Norway.
authors.forename: Lars-Petter
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5465-1576
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Jelsness-Jørgensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4959 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Postboks 1072 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Bjørn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moum
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Stavanger University Hospital, Armauer Hansensvei 20, 4011 Stavanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Tore
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6669-5843
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grimstad
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Postboks 1072 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Postboks 1000, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway.
authors.forename: Jørgen
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0419-2914
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jahnsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4959 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Postboks 1072 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Randi
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0513-1435
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Opheim
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Møre and Romsdal Hospital Trust, 6026 Ålesund, Norway.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Prytz Berset
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Postboks 1072 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Department of Gastroenterology, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Kyrre Grepps Gate 11, 2819 Gjøvik, Norway.
authors.forename: Øistein
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4662-4153
authors.initials: Ø
authors.lastname: Hovde
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Postboks 104, 2381 Brumunddal, Norway.
authors.forename: Roald
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9350-1717
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Torp
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Postboks 800, 3004 Drammen, Norway; Department of Internal Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Postboks 300, 1714 Grålum, Norway.
authors.forename: Svein Oskar
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Frigstad
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Telemark Hospital Trust, 3710 Skien, Norway.
authors.forename: Gert
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5693-8773
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huppertz-Hauss
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Postboks 1072 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; O&U, Telemark Hospital Trust, 3710 Skien, Norway.
authors.forename: Tomm
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9988-2271
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bernklev
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult