title: Biodegradation mechanism of 1H-1,2,4-triazole by a newly isolated strain Shinella sp. NJUST26.
abstract: The highly recalcitrant 1H-1,2,4-triazole (TZ) is widely used in the synthesis of agricultural pesticide and considered to be an environmental pollutant. In this study, a novel strain NJUST26 capable of utilizing TZ as the sole carbon and nitrogen source, was isolated from TZ-contaminated soil, and identified as Shinella sp. The biodegradation assays suggested that optimal temperature and pH for TZ degradation by NJUST26 were 30 °C and 6-7, respectively. With the increase of initial TZ concentration from 100 to 320 mg L(-1), the maximum volumetric degradation rate increased from 29.06 to 82.96 mg L(-1) d(-1), indicating high tolerance of NJUST26 towards TZ. TZ biodegradation could be accelerated through the addition of glucose, sucrose and yeast extract at relatively low dosage. The main metabolites, including 1,2-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (DHTO), semicarbazide and urea were identified. Based on these results, biodegradation pathway of TZ by NJUST26 was proposed, i.e., TZ was firstly oxidized to DHTO, and then the cleavage of DHTO ring occurred to generate N-hydrazonomethyl-formamide, which could be further degraded to biodegradable semicarbazide and urea.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Haobo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Jinyou
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Ruiqin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiuyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Jiansheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Weiqing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Lianjun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012230:Rhizobiaceae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D012663:Semicarbazides / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D014230:Triazoles / Q000378:metabolism*; D014508:Urea / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012663:Semicarbazides; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014230:Triazoles; C010059:carbamylhydrazine; D002244:Carbon; D014508:Urea; D009584:Nitrogen