title: Extracellular Vesicle-Associated Transitory Cell Wall Components and Their Impact on the Interaction of Fungi with Host Cells.
abstract: Classic cell wall components of fungi comprise the polysaccharides glucans and chitin, in association with glycoproteins and pigments. During the last decade, however, system biology approaches clearly demonstrated that the composition of fungal cell walls include atypical molecules historically associated with intracellular or membrane locations. Elucidation of mechanisms by which many fungal molecules are exported to the extracellular space suggested that these atypical components are transitorily located to the cell wall. The presence of extracellular vesicles (EVs) at the fungal cell wall and in culture supernatants of distinct pathogenic species suggested a highly functional mechanism of molecular export in these organisms. Thus, the passage of EVs through fungal cell walls suggests remarkable molecular diversity and, consequently, a potentially variable influence on the host antifungal response. On the basis of information derived from the proteomic characterization of fungal EVs from the yeasts Cryptoccocus neoformans and Candida albicans and the dimorphic fungi Histoplasma capsulatum and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, our manuscript is focused on the clear view that the fungal cell wall is much more complex than previously thought.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Glicobiologia de Eucariotos, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nimrichter
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Glicobiologia de Eucariotos, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcio M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NYUSA; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Northport, NYUSA.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Del Poeta
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA.
authors.forename: Joshua D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Nosanchuk
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Glicobiologia de Eucariotos, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Brazil.
authors.forename: Luna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Joffe
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Glicobiologia de Eucariotos, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Brazil.
authors.forename: Patricia de M
authors.initials: Pde M
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Glicobiologia de Eucariotos, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de JaneiroBrazil; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Rio de JaneiroBrazil.
authors.forename: Marcio L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
keywords: cell wall remodeling; extracellular vesicles; fungal cell wall; host cell; proteomics