title: Comprehensive investigation of nucleotide diverdity in yaks.
abstract: To understand the maternal genetic diversity of Tianzhu white yak better, we analyzed mtDNA D-loop sequences of 209 Tianzhu white yaks, which are from the central region of Tianzhu white yak habitat. Accordingly, a total of 45 haplotypes were identified in Tianzhu white yaks in this study, and 18 of them were unique. The nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity of population studied were 0.024 ± 0.003 and 0.946 ± 0.007 respectively, revealing that Tianzhu white yak possess a relatively high genetic diversity. The phylogenetic analysis, combining D-loop sequences in this study with 533 previous published D-loop sequences of 13 yak breeds, indicated that Tianzhu white yaks fell mainly into haplogroup A and that a small portion belonged to haplogroups B, C, D and E. Moreover, six haplotypes of 20 individuals identified in Tianzhu white yak were in the taurine haplogroup, indicating hybridization between Bos taurus and Tianzhu white yaks. In summary, this study supplies a comprehensive maternal genetic pattern for Tianzhu white yak and provides a basic reference for future breeding programs to conserve the purebred Tianzhu white yak.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, Gansu, China. lexp@lzu.edu.cn.|The Institute of Ruminants, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, Gansu, China. lexp@lzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiangpeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, Gansu, China.|The Institute of Ruminants, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, Gansu, China.
authors.forename: Yusheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Extending Station for Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Tianzhu, 733200, Gansu, China.
authors.forename: Yulin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, Gansu, China.|The Institute of Ruminants, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, Gansu, China.
authors.forename: Fadi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D002417:Cattle / Q000235:genetics*; D002681:China; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D008297:Male; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial
keywords: D-loop; mtDNA; nucleotide diverdity; phylogenetics; yaks