title: Hypoxia drives apoptosis independently of p53 and metallothionein transcript levels in hemocytes of the whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.
abstract: The cellular mechanisms used by the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei to respond to hypoxia have been studied from the energetic metabolism and antioxidant angles. We herein investigated the participation of p53 and metallothionein (MT) in the apoptotic process in response to hypoxia in shrimp hemocytes. The Lvp53 or LvMT genes were efficiently silenced by injection of double stranded RNA for p53 or MT. The effects of silencing on apoptosis were measured as caspase-3 activity and flow cytometry in hemocytes after 24 and 48 h of hypoxia (1.5 mg DO L(-1)). Hemocytes from unsilenced animals had significantly higher apoptosis levels upon both times of hypoxia. The apoptotic levels were diminished but not suppressed in dsp53-silenced but not dsMT-silenced hemocytes after 24 h of hypoxia, indicating a contribution of Lvp53 to apoptosis. Apoptosis in normoxia was significantly higher in dsp53-and dsMT-silenced animals compared to the unsilenced controls, pointing to a possible cytoprotective role of LvMT and Lvp53 during the basal apoptotic program in normoxia. Overall, these results indicate that hypoxia augments apoptosis in shrimp hemocytes and high mRNA levels of Lvp53 and LvMT are not necessary for this response.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. P.O. Box 1735. Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km. 0.6 Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico.
authors.forename: Monserrath
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Felix-Portillo
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico Francisco R. Almada, Km 1, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, 33820, Mexico.
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martínez-Quintana
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. P.O. Box 1735. Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km. 0.6 Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arenas-Padilla
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. P.O. Box 1735. Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km. 0.6 Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico.
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mata-Haro
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. P.O. Box 1735. Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km. 0.6 Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gómez-Jiménez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. P.O. Box 1735. Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km. 0.6 Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico. Electronic address: gyepiz@ciad.mx.
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yepiz-Plascencia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D008668:Metallothionein; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D053148:Caspase 3; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Apoptosis; Caspases; Hypoxia; Litopenaeus vannamei; dsRNA silencing; p53