title: Factors related to physical violence experienced by parents of persons with schizophrenia in Japan.
abstract: Most violence by patients with mental illness is perpetuated against family members rather than the general public. However, there is insufficient research to reach a consensus on factors related to family violence for this population. Thus, the current study aimed to clarify factors related to physical violence by patients with schizophrenia towards their parents in Japan. A self-administrated survey was distributed through family groups to families with a relative with a psychiatric disorder. Questionnaires completed by 400 parents of patients with schizophrenia were analyzed. Of the 400 parents, almost two-thirds experienced "no physical violence" and close to one-third experienced "physical violence" during the past year. Results of a mixed-effects logistic regression revealed that physical violence was significantly related to the patients' gender (female rather than male), multiple patient hospitalizations (3 or more times as compared to never hospitalized), low annual household income (less than US$20K as compared to over US$40K), and higher hostility and criticism of family interactions. Family violence maybe reduced through education on communication strategies for both parents and patients.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Electronic address: kageyama-tky@umin.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kageyama
authors.affiliation: School of Social Policy & Practice, University of Pennsylvania, 3701 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6214, USA. Electronic address: solomonp@sp2.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Phyllis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Electronic address: sachiko-happygirl@hotmail.co.jp.
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Electronic address: satoko-tky@umin.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Satoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Saitama Prefectural University, 820 Sannomiya, Koshigaya City, Saitama 343-8540, Japan. Electronic address: yokoyama-keiko@spu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.affiliation: Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan. Electronic address: y-nakamu@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yukako
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Mental Health, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-Cho, Kodaira City, Tokyo 187-8552, Japan. Electronic address: skobayashi@ncnp.go.jp.
authors.forename: Sayaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Mental Health, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-Cho, Kodaira City, Tokyo 187-8552, Japan. Electronic address: chyfujii@ncnp.go.jp.
authors.forename: Chiyo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fujii
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017579:Domestic Violence / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010290:Parents; D000066550:Physical Abuse / Q000523:psychology*; D012559:Schizophrenia; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Caregivers; Expressed emotion; Japan; Mental disorders; Schizophrenia; Violence