title: Syringaresinol induces mitochondrial biogenesis through activation of PPARβ pathway in skeletal muscle cells.
abstract: Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) plays a crucial role in cellular energy metabolism that directly impacts mitochondrial biogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate that syringaresinol, a pharmacological lignan extracted from Panax ginseng berry, moderately binds to and activates PPARβ with KD and EC50 values of 27.62±15.76μM and 18.11±4.77μM, respectively. Subsequently, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α together with PPARβ transcriptional targets, mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 and uncoupling protein 2, was also enhanced in terms of both mRNA and protein levels. The activation of these proteins induced mitochondrial biogenesis by enrichment of mitochondrial replication and density within C2C12 myotubes. Importantly, knockdown of PPARβ reduced the syringaresinol-induced protein expression followed by the significant reduction of mitochondrial biogenesis. Taken together, our results indicate that syringaresinol induces mitochondrial biogenesis by activating PPARβ pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Department of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Trung Thanh
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Thach
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Department of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chan-Kyu
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Department of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Woo
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: HOLISTICBIO, Pangyoyeok-ro, Bundang-gu, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Dongguk University Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Department of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: junelee@korea.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sung-Joon
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D005663:Furans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D017705:Lignans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D048068:PPAR-beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005663:Furans; D017705:Lignans; D048068:PPAR-beta; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2; C042192:syringaresinol; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
keywords: Mitochondrial biogenesis; PPARβ; Skeletal muscle; Syringaresinol