title: Development of Embodied Sense of Self Scale (ESSS): Exploring Everyday Experiences Induced by Anomalous Self-Representation.
abstract: The scientific exploration of the self has progressed, with much attention focused on the Embodied Sense of Self (ESS). Empirical studies have suggested the mechanisms for self-representation. On the other hand, less attention has been paid to the subjectivity itself of the self. With reference to previous studies, the current study collected items that reflect the ESS and statistically extracted three factors for it: Ownership, Agency, and Narrative. The developed questionnaire [Embodied Sense of Self Scale (ESSS)] showed good enough validity and reliability for practical use. Furthermore, ESSS discriminated schizophrenia, a disorder of the ESS, from controls. We discuss the factorial structure of ESS and the relationship among factors on the basis of the current results.
authors.affiliation: Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Communication Science Laboratories, Human Information Science Laboratory Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asai
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kanayama
authors.affiliation: Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Communication Science Laboratories, Human Information Science LaboratoryKanagawa, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba UniversityChiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imaizumi
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Geisei Hospital Kochi, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaganoi
keywords: agency; embodiment; narrative; ownership; sense of self