title: Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and Antiproliferative Activities and Total Polyphenol Contents of the Extracts ofGeissospermum reticulatumBark.
abstract: Geissospermumspecies are medically important plants due to their health-promoting effects. The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant ability and antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of infusions, tinctures, and ethanolic extracts ofGeissospermum reticulatumbarks in relation to the contents of total phenolics and flavonoids. Seven samples of barks were collected in various regions of Peruvian Amazonia. We found that the amount of total phenolics in the studied products varied from 212.40 ± 0.69 to 1253.92 ± 11.20 mg GAE/kg. In our study there is a correlation (R2= 0.7947) between the results of antioxidants assays: FRAP and ORAC for tinctures, infusions, and ethanolic extracts ofG. reticulatumbarks. We have also observed antiproliferative activities of the ethanolic extracts on normal T-cells. These extracts have caused death on malignant cell lines (THP-1 and HL-60) and this data correlates well with their antioxidant capacity measured by ORAC method. Interestingly, the highest concentration of the ethanolic extract was not toxic in the zebrafish embryo developmental assay. Our results indicate thatG. reticulatumis rich in antioxidants and have cytotoxic and antiproliferative properties. The data suggests potential immunosuppressive role of the extracts. This is the first study presenting the results of chemical and biological analysis of multiple preparations fromG. reticulatum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna J
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1140-2753
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sajkowska-Kozielewicz
authors.affiliation: School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1561-5115
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kozielewicz
authors.affiliation: School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Nicholas M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wawer
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Paradowska