title: Effectiveness and Safety of Pleurodesis for Hepatic Hydrothorax: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
abstract: Hepatic hydrothorax (HH) is a serious complication of end-stage liver diseases, which is associated with poor survival. There is no consensus regarding the treatment of HH.
  
  
  
  To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of pleurodesis for HH in a systematic review with meta-analysis.
  
  
  
  All relevant papers were searched on the EMBASE and PubMed databases. As for the data from the eligible case reports, the continuous data were expressed as the median (range) and the categorical data were expressed as the frequency (percentage). As for the data from the eligible case series, the rates of complete response and complications were pooled. The proportions with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by using random-effect model.
  
  
  
  Twenty case reports including 26 patients and 13 case series including 180 patients were eligible. As for the case reports, the median age was 55 years (range 7-78) and 15 patients were male. The prevalence of ascites was 76 % (19/25). Seventeen (65.38 %) patients responded favorably to pleurodesis. As for the case series, the mean age was 51.5-63.0 years and 83 patients were male. The pooled prevalence of ascites was 90 % (95 % CI 81-97 %) in 7 studies including 71 patients. The complete response rate after pleurodesis was reported in all studies, and the pooled rate was 72 % (95 % CI 65-79 %). Complications related to pleurodesis were reported in 6 studies including 63 patients, and the pooled rate was 82 % (95 % CI 66-94 %).
  
  
  
  Pleurodesis may be a promising treatment for HH, but carries a high rate of complications.
authors.affiliation: Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110840, China.|Postgraduate College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Feifei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110840, China. xingshunqi@126.com.
authors.forename: Xingshun
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9448-6739
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110840, China. guo_xiao_zhong@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiaozhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D006876:Hydrothorax / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications; D018700:Pleurodesis / Q000379:methods*; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D013906:Thoracoscopy / Q000379:methods
keywords: Hepatic hydrothorax; Liver cirrhosis; Pleural effusion; Pleurodesis; Portal hypertension