title: Morphologic Study of Positional Relationship Between Transverse-Sigmoid Sinus and Extracranial Bony Landmarks With Reconstructed Computed Tomographic Image.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  By using the line between the lowest point of the mastoid process and the external occipital protuberance as landmarks, to locate the projection of the transverse-sigmoid sinus (TSS) on the skull surface using three-dimensional reconstruction technique, to provide morphological basis for avoiding TSS injuries during surgeries.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 120 volunteers underwent computed tomography scan, and computed tomography reconstruction was used to reconstruct the 3D model of the skull for structural landmark and measurement. The line between the most prominent point (A) of external occipital protuberance and the lowest point (B) of mastoid process was used as the landmark to depict distance between the TSS sulcus and the landmarks, as well as the width of the TSS sulcus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The widths of the transverse sinus sulcus, denoted as d, at its central landmark J were measured to be significantly different between the right and left sides (t = 6.291, P < 0.05); no statistically significant difference was found in the measurements of indicators including h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, h7, h8, d1, α, s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6 between the right and left sides (P > 0.05), or between the males and females (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These above-mentioned results can help to locate the projection of the TSS sulcus on the skull surface accurately, which is simple and convenient in guiding the surgeons to protect the TSS during surgeries.
authors.affiliation: *Department of the Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun †Department of the Human Anatomy, Fenyang College Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang ‡Department of the Radiology, Sino-Japanese Fellowship Hospital of Jilin University §Department of Ultrasonography, The First Hospital of Jilin University ||Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Zhentao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jialiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Shuxuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Kailiang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Junxue
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Youqiong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D059925:Anatomic Landmarks; D003392:Cranial Sinuses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008416:Mastoid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009777:Occipital Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D054064:Transverse Sinuses / Q000033:anatomy & histology*