title: Characterization of Spectinomycin Resistance in Streptococcus suis Leads to Two Novel Insights into Drug Resistance Formation and Dissemination Mechanism.
abstract: Spectinomycin is an aminocyclitol antibiotic used clinically to treat a variety of infections in animals. Here, we characterized drug resistance prevalence in clinical Streptococcus suis isolates and discovered a novel resistance mechanism in which the s5 mutation (Gly26Asp) results in high spectinomycin resistance. Additionally, a novel integrative and conjugative element encompassing a multidrug resistance spw_like-aadE-lnu(B)-lsa(E) cluster and a cadmium resistance operon were identified, suggesting a possible cause for the wide dissemination of spectinomycin resistance in S. suis.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Kaisong
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Yajing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhewen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Anding
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jingfa
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China jml8328@126.com.
authors.forename: Meilin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002681:China; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D005810:Multigene Family; D009154:Mutation; D009876:Operon; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000198:Spectinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017011:Streptococcus suis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; D002104:Cadmium; D000198:Spectinomycin