title: Biochemical effects of oleuropein in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oleuropein is a natural antioxidant and scavenging free radicals. In the present study, we examined effect of oleuropein on the paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, lipid peroxidation, lipid profile, atherogenic indexes, and relationship of PON1 activity by high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and atherogenic indices in gentamicin (GM)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a lab trial study in Khorramabad, Lorestan province of Iran (2013). 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups to receive saline; GM, 100 mg/kg/day; and GM plus oleuropein by 15 mg/kg intraperitoneal daily, respectively. After 12 days, animals were anesthetized, blood samples were also collected before killing to measure the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very LDL (VLDL), HDL-C, atherogenic index, lipid peroxidation, and the activities of PON1 of all groups were analyzed. Data were analyzed, and P < 0.050 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oleuropein significantly decreased lipid peroxidation, TG, TC, LDL, VLDL, atherogenic index, atherogenic coefficient (AC), and cardiac risk ratio (CRR). HDL-C level was significantly increased when treated with oleuropein. The activity of PON1 in treated animals was (62.64 ± 8.68) that it was significantly higher than untreated animals (47.06 ± 4.10) (P = 0.047). The activity of PON1 in the untreated nephrotoxic rats was significantly lower than that of control animals (77.84 ± 9.43) (P = 0.030). Furthermore, the activity of PON1 correlated positively with HDL-C and negatively with AC, CRR 1, and CRR 2 in the treated group with oleuropein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that oleuropein improves PON1 activity, lipid profile, and atherogenic index and can probably decrease the risk of cardiovascular death in nephrotoxic patients.
authors.affiliation: Razi Herbal Medicine Research Center AND Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahmadvand
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
authors.forename: Shahrokh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bagheri
authors.affiliation: Razi Herbal Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tamjidi-Poor
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cheraghi
authors.affiliation: Razi Herbal Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mozhgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azadpour
authors.affiliation: Razi Herbal Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
authors.forename: Behrouz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ezatpour
authors.affiliation: Razi Herbal Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
authors.forename: Sanaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moghadam
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shahsavari
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
authors.forename: Masumeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jalalvand
keywords: Atherogenic Index; Gentamicin; Lipid; Lipid Peroxidation; Nephrotoxicity; Oleuropein; Paraoxonase 1; Rat