title: Non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Case reports and literature review.
abstract: We describe two cases of non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and multifocal stenosis of the intracranial arteries. The patients' histories together with magnetic resonance angiography, vessel wall imaging and transcranial Doppler (TCD) indicated that the SAH was due to vasculitis or reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS). Differential diagnosis of vasculitis and RCVS is important because the treatment strategies are different: immunosuppressants in vasculitis and calcium channel blockers in RCVS. Vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging and TCD can be helpful in differentiating them.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young Seo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Woo
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Cheol
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000379:methods; D002539:Cerebral Arterial Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000072226:Computed Tomography Angiography; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents
keywords: reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome; subarachnoid hemorrhage; systemic lupus erythematosus