title: The changing face of complicated infantile hemangioma treatment.
abstract: Infantile hemangiomas are the most common vascular tumors of infancy. A multidisciplinary approach including dermatologists, otolaryngologists, plastic surgeons, hematologists/oncologists and interventional/diagnostic radiologists is crucial for appropriate management of children with complicated infantile hemangiomas. Since its unforeseen discovery in 2008, propranolol has become the first-line treatment for infantile hemangiomas, eclipsing systemic corticosteroids and radiologic intervention. There are still, however, uncommon indications for more aggressive interventional management. We review the 2014-updated International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) classification for vascular anomalies. Additionally, we suggest management algorithms for complicated lesions, including recommendations for radiologic and surgical intervention.
authors.affiliation: Phoenix Regional Campus, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA.|Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education-MN, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Deanna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Menapace
authors.affiliation: Phoenix Regional Campus, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitkov
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Towbin
authors.affiliation: Division of Dermatology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1245 16th Street, suite 204, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA. hogelingm@yahoo.ca.
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hogeling
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D018324:Hemangioma, Capillary / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D053783:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Interventional; D015641:Radiography, Interventional
keywords: Children; Embolization; Infantile hemangioma; Interventional radiology; Magnetic resonance imaging; Propranolol