title: Brain dynamics of post-task resting state are influenced by expertise: Insights from baseball players.
abstract: Post-task resting state dynamics can be viewed as a task-driven state where behavioral performance is improved through endogenous, non-explicit learning. Tasks that have intrinsic value for individuals are hypothesized to produce post-task resting state dynamics that promote learning. We measured simultaneous fMRI/EEG and DTI in Division-1 collegiate baseball players and compared to a group of controls, examining differences in both functional and structural connectivity. Participants performed a surrogate baseball pitch Go/No-Go task before a resting state scan, and we compared post-task resting state connectivity using a seed-based analysis from the supplementary motor area (SMA), an area whose activity discriminated players and controls in our previous results using this task. Although both groups were equally trained on the task, the experts showed differential activity in their post-task resting state consistent with motor learning. Specifically, we found (1) differences in bilateral SMA-L Insula functional connectivity between experts and controls that may reflect group differences in motor learning, (2) differences in BOLD-alpha oscillation correlations between groups suggests variability in modulatory attention in the post-task state, and (3) group differences between BOLD-beta oscillations that may indicate cognitive processing of motor inhibition. Structural connectivity analysis identified group differences in portions of the functionally derived network, suggesting that functional differences may also partially arise from variability in the underlying white matter pathways. Generally, we find that brain dynamics in the post-task resting state differ as a function of subject expertise and potentially result from differences in both functional and structural connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4454-4471, 2016. © 2016 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Jordan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Muraskin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Sonam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dodhia
authors.affiliation: U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Human Research and Engineering Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland.|Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lieberman
authors.affiliation: U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Human Research and Engineering Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland.
authors.forename: Javier O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Verstynen
authors.affiliation: U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Human Research and Engineering Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland.|Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.|Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, California.
authors.forename: Jean M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vettel
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sherwin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sajda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D001484:Baseball / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging; D004569:Electroencephalography; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011214:Practice, Psychological; D011361:Professional Competence; D012146:Rest; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: DTI; EEG; baseball; expertise; fMRI; resting-state; simultaneous