title: Prefrontal changes in the glutamate-glutamine cycle and neuronal/glial glutamate transporters in depression with and without suicide.
abstract: There are indications for changes in glutamate metabolism in relation to depression or suicide. The glutamate-glutamine cycle and neuronal/glial glutamate transporters mediate the uptake of the glutamate and glutamine. The expression of various components of the glutamate-glutamine cycle and the neuronal/glial glutamate transporters was determined by qPCR in postmortem prefrontal cortex. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were selected from young MDD patients who had committed suicide (MDD-S; n = 17), from MDD patients who died of non-suicide related causes (MDD-NS; n = 7) and from matched control subjects (n = 12). We also compared elderly depressed patients who had not committed suicide (n = 14) with matched control subjects (n = 22). We found that neuronal located components (EAAT3, EAAT4, ASCT1, SNAT1, SNAT2) of the glutamate-glutamine cycle were increased in the ACC while the astroglia located components (EAAT1, EAAT2, GLUL) were decreased in the DLPFC of MDD-S patients. In contrast, most of the components in the cycle were increased in the DLPFC of MDD-NS patients. In conclusion, the glutamate-glutamine cycle - and thus glutamine transmission - is differentially affected in depressed suicide patients and depressed non-suicide patients in an area specific way.
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R W H
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Verwer
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: van Wamelen
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: X-R
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: S-F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroscience, SILS, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lucassen
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: d.f.swaab@nin.knaw.nl.
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Swaab
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D027322:Amino Acid Transport System X-AG / Q000378:metabolism*; D003863:Depression / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013405:Suicide
chemical_list: D027322:Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; D005973:Glutamine; D018698:Glutamic Acid
keywords: Anterior cingulate cortex; Depression; Glutamate transporter; Glutamate-glutamine cycle; Suicide