title: Local Recurrence and Breast Oncological Surgery in Young Women With Breast Cancer: The POSH Observational Cohort Study.
abstract: To assess clinical and surgical factors affecting local recurrence and survival in young breast cancer patients in the Prospective study of Outcomes in Sporadic versus Hereditary breast cancer (POSH).
  
  
  
  Emerging data suggest young age is a predictor of increased local recurrence.
  
  
  
  POSH is a prospective cohort of 3024 women of 18 to 40 years with breast cancer. Cohort characteristics were grouped by mastectomy or BCS. Endpoints were local-recurrence interval (LRI), distant disease-free interval (DDFI), and overall survival (OS); described using cumulative-hazard and Kaplan-Meier plots and multivariable analyses by Flexible Parametric and Cox regression models.
  
  
  
  Mastectomy was performed in 1464 patients and breast-conserving surgery (BCS) in 1395. Patients undergoing mastectomy had larger tumors and higher proportions of positive family history, estrogen receptor+, progesterone receptor+, and/or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2+ tumors. Local events accounted for 15% of recurrences. LRI by surgical type varied over time with LRI similar at 18 months (1.0% vs 1.0%, P = 0.348) but higher for BCS at 5 and 10 years (5.3% vs 2.6%, P < 0.001; and 11.7% vs 4.9%, P < 0.001, respectively). Similar results were found in the adjusted model. Conversely, distant-metastases and deaths were lower for BCS but not after adjusting for prognostic factors. After mastectomy chest-wall radiotherapy was associated with improved LRI (hazard ratio, HR = 0.46, P = 0.015). Positive surgical margins, and development of local recurrence predicted for reduced DDFI (HR = 0.50, P < 0.001; and HR = 0.29, P = 0.001, respectively).
  
  
  
  Surgical extent appears less important for DDFI than completeness of excision or, where appropriate, chest-wall radiotherapy. Despite higher local-recurrence rates for BCS, surgical type does not influence DDFI or OS after adjusting for known prognostic factors in young breast cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: *Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom †Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maishman
authors.forename: Ramsey I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Cutress
authors.forename: Aurea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gerty
authors.forename: Ellen R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Copson
authors.forename: Lorraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Durcan
authors.forename: Diana M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Eccles
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008408:Mastectomy; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D016019:Survival Analysis; D055815:Young Adult