title: High-Throughput Optical Sensing Immunoassays on Smartphone.
abstract: We present an optical sensing platform on a smartphone for high-throughput screening immunoassays. For the first time, a designed microprism array is utilized to achieve a one-time screening of 64 samples. To demonstrate the capability and the reliability of this optical sensing platform on smartphone, human interleukin 6 (IL-6) protein and six types of plant viruses are immunoassayed. The ability of quantification is shown by a sigmoidal dose-response curve fitting to analyze IL-6 protein. The accuracy in measuring the concentrations of IL-6 protein achieves 99.1%. On the other hand, to validate on-field immunoassays by our device, a total of 1030 samples are assayed using three immunoassay methods to detect six types of plant viruses. The accuracy is up to 96.2-99.9%; in addition, there is a high degree of agreement with lab instruments. The total cost for this high-throughput optical screening platform is ∼$50 USD. The reading time is only 2 s for 64 samples. The size is just as big as a portable hard drive. Our optical sensing platform on the smartphone offers a route toward in situ high-throughput screening immunoassays for viruses, pathogens, biomarkers, and toxins by decentralizing laboratory tests. With this mobile point-of-care optical platform, the spread of disease can be timely stopped within a very short turnaround time.
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164, United States.
authors.forename: Li-Ju
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164, United States.
authors.forename: Rongrong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University , Prosser, Washington 99350, United States.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vasile
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164, United States.
authors.forename: Yu-Chung
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164, United States.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D029381:Closteroviridae / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003124:Colorimetry; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis*; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D017860:Nepovirus / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010942:Plant Viruses / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D000068997:Smartphone
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6