title: Examination of CK2α and NF-κB p65 expression in human benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer tissues.
abstract: Protein kinase CK2 plays a critical role in cell growth, proliferation, and suppression of cell death. CK2 is overexpressed, especially in the nuclear compartment, in the majority of cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). CK2-mediated activation of transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 is a key step in cellular proliferation, resulting in translocation of NF-κB p65 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. As CK2 expression and activity are also elevated in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), we sought to increase the knowledge of CK2 function in benign and malignant prostate by examination of the relationships between nuclear CK2 and nuclear NF-κB p65 protein expression. The expression level and localization of CK2α and NF-κB p65 proteins in PCa and BPH tissue specimens was determined. Nuclear CK2α and NF-κB p65 protein levels are significantly higher in PCa compared with BPH, and these proteins are positively correlated with each other in both diseases. Nuclear NF-κB p65 levels correlated with Ki-67 or with cytoplasmic NF-κB p65 expression in BPH, but not in PCa. The findings provide information that combined analysis of CK2α and NF-κB p65 expression in prostate specimens relates to the disease status. Increased nuclear NF-κB p65 expression levels in PCa specifically related to nuclear CK2α levels, indicating a possible CK2-dependent relationship in malignancy. In contrast, nuclear NF-κB p65 protein levels related to both Ki-67 and cytoplasmic NF-κB p65 levels exclusively in BPH, suggesting a potential separate impact for NF-κB p65 function in proliferation for benign disease as opposed to malignant disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical College, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Fatima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qaiser
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs, Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry Research Laboratory (151) Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA.|Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.|Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Janeen H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Trembley
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical College, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sadiq
authors.affiliation: Department of Histopathology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Iqbal
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.affiliation: Department of Histopathology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Rubina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Younis
authors.affiliation: Department of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shoaib Naiyar
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Hashmi
authors.affiliation: Armed Forces Institute of Urology, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Badar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Murtaza
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs, Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry Research Laboratory (151) Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Rector
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical College, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.|Al-Mizan Campus, Riphah International University, 274 Peshawar Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abdul Khaliq
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Naveed
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs, Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry Research Laboratory (151) Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA. ahmedk@umn.edu.|Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. ahmedk@umn.edu.|Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. ahmedk@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Khalil
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-6837
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D047390:Casein Kinase II / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C498143:RELA protein, human; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D047390:Casein Kinase II
keywords: BPH; Biomarker; CK2; Ki-67; Nuclear factor kappa B; Prostate cancer; RELA