title: PGPR-mediated expression of salt tolerance gene in soybean through volatiles under sodium nitroprusside.
abstract: Increasing evidence shows that nitric oxide (NO), a typical signaling molecule plays important role in development of plant and in bacteria-plant interaction. In the present study, we tested the effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-a nitric oxide donor, on bacterial metabolism and its role in establishment of PGPR-plant interaction under salinity condition. In the present study, we adopted methods namely, biofilm formation assay, GC-MS analysis of bacterial volatiles, chemotaxis assay of root exudates (REs), measurement of electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for gene expression. GC-MS analysis revealed that three new volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were expressed after treatment with SNP. Two VOCs namely, 4-nitroguaiacol and quinoline were found to promote soybean seed germination under 100 mM NaCl stress. Chemotaxis assay revealed that SNP treatment, altered root exudates profiling (SS-RE), found more attracted to Pseudomonas simiae bacterial cells as compared to non-treated root exudates (S-RE) under salt stress. Expression of Peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), vegetative storage protein (VSP), and nitrite reductase (NR) genes were up-regulated in T6 treatment seedlings, whereas, high affinity K+transporter (HKT1), lipoxygenase (LOX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) genes were down-regulated under salt stress. The findings suggest that NO improves the efficiency and establishment of PGPR strain in the plant environment during salt condition. This strategy may be applied on soybean plants to increase their growth during salinity stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, College of Arts, Science and Humanities (CASH), Mody University of Science and Technology, Lakshmangarh, Sikar, Rajasthan, India.|Amity Institute of Microbial Technology (AIMT), Amity University Campus, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Anukool
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vaishnav
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, College of Arts, Science and Humanities (CASH), Mody University of Science and Technology, Lakshmangarh, Sikar, Rajasthan, India.|Amity Institute of Microbial Technology (AIMT), Amity University Campus, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sarita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumari
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, College of Arts, Science and Humanities (CASH), Mody University of Science and Technology, Lakshmangarh, Sikar, Rajasthan, India.|Amity Institute of Microbial Technology (AIMT), Amity University Campus, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Shekhar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Amity Institute of Microbial Technology (AIMT), Amity University Campus, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ajit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varma
authors.affiliation: Amity Institute of Microbial Technology (AIMT), Amity University Campus, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Narendra
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tuteja
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, College of Arts, Science and Humanities (CASH), Mody University of Science and Technology, Lakshmangarh, Sikar, Rajasthan, India.|Amity Institute of Microbial Technology (AIMT), Amity University Campus, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Devendra Kumar
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Choudhary
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development; D002374:Catalase / Q000235:genetics; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000378:metabolism*; D009572:Nitrite Reductases / Q000235:genetics; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000378:metabolism*; D011804:Quinolines / Q000378:metabolism; D058441:Rhizosphere; D055049:Salt Tolerance / Q000235:genetics; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013025:Glycine max / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D011804:Quinolines; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D009599:Nitroprusside; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D012965:Sodium Chloride; C037219:quinoline; D002374:Catalase; D009195:Peroxidase; D009572:Nitrite Reductases
keywords: GC-MS; Nitric oxide; Pseudomonas simiae; Rhizospheric colonization; Salinity; qRT-PCR