title: Mutations Associated with Acquired Resistance to PD-1 Blockade in Melanoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Approximately 75% of objective responses to anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) therapy in patients with melanoma are durable, lasting for years, but delayed relapses have been noted long after initial objective tumor regression despite continuous therapy. Mechanisms of immune escape in this context are unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed biopsy samples from paired baseline and relapsing lesions in four patients with metastatic melanoma who had had an initial objective tumor regression in response to anti-PD-1 therapy (pembrolizumab) followed by disease progression months to years later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Whole-exome sequencing detected clonal selection and outgrowth of the acquired resistant tumors and, in two of the four patients, revealed resistance-associated loss-of-function mutations in the genes encoding interferon-receptor-associated Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) or Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), concurrent with deletion of the wild-type allele. A truncating mutation in the gene encoding the antigen-presenting protein beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) was identified in a third patient. JAK1 and JAK2 truncating mutations resulted in a lack of response to interferon gamma, including insensitivity to its antiproliferative effects on cancer cells. The B2M truncating mutation led to loss of surface expression of major histocompatibility complex class I.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, acquired resistance to PD-1 blockade immunotherapy in patients with melanoma was associated with defects in the pathways involved in interferon-receptor signaling and in antigen presentation. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.).
authors.affiliation: From the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (J.M.Z., A.G.-D., D.S.S., H.E.-O., W.H., S.H.-L., D.Y.T., G.A.-R., S.S., L.B., J.S., B.H.M., B.C., K.R., I.P.S., P.J.S., C.P.-S., G.C., E.S., X.K., J.P., B.B.-M., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (B.C., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.) - both in Los Angeles; and the Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (R.M., T.N.M.S.).
authors.forename: Jesse M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zaretsky
authors.affiliation: From the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (J.M.Z., A.G.-D., D.S.S., H.E.-O., W.H., S.H.-L., D.Y.T., G.A.-R., S.S., L.B., J.S., B.H.M., B.C., K.R., I.P.S., P.J.S., C.P.-S., G.C., E.S., X.K., J.P., B.B.-M., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (B.C., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.) - both in Los Angeles; and the Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (R.M., T.N.M.S.).
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garcia-Diaz
authors.affiliation: From the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (J.M.Z., A.G.-D., D.S.S., H.E.-O., W.H., S.H.-L., D.Y.T., G.A.-R., S.S., L.B., J.S., B.H.M., B.C., K.R., I.P.S., P.J.S., C.P.-S., G.C., E.S., X.K., J.P., B.B.-M., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (B.C., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.) - both in Los Angeles; and the Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (R.M., T.N.M.S.).
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: From the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (J.M.Z., A.G.-D., D.S.S., H.E.-O., W.H., S.H.-L., D.Y.T., G.A.-R., S.S., L.B., J.S., B.H.M., B.C., K.R., I.P.S., P.J.S., C.P.-S., G.C., E.S., X.K., J.P., B.B.-M., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (B.C., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.) - both in Los Angeles; and the Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (R.M., T.N.M.S.).
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Escuin-Ordinas
authors.affiliation: From the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (J.M.Z., A.G.-D., D.S.S., H.E.-O., W.H., S.H.-L., D.Y.T., G.A.-R., S.S., L.B., J.S., B.H.M., B.C., K.R., I.P.S., P.J.S., C.P.-S., G.C., E.S., X.K., J.P., B.B.-M., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (B.C., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.) - both in Los Angeles; and the Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (R.M., T.N.M.S.).
authors.forename: Willy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hugo
authors.affiliation: From the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (J.M.Z., A.G.-D., D.S.S., H.E.-O., W.H., S.H.-L., D.Y.T., G.A.-R., S.S., L.B., J.S., B.H.M., B.C., K.R., I.P.S., P.J.S., C.P.-S., G.C., E.S., X.K., J.P., B.B.-M., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (B.C., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.) - both in Los Angeles; and the Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (R.M., T.N.M.S.).
authors.forename: Siwen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu-Lieskovan
authors.affiliation: From the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (J.M.Z., A.G.-D., D.S.S., H.E.-O., W.H., S.H.-L., D.Y.T., G.A.-R., S.S., L.B., J.S., B.H.M., B.C., K.R., I.P.S., P.J.S., C.P.-S., G.C., E.S., X.K., J.P., B.B.-M., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (B.C., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.) - both in Los Angeles; and the Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (R.M., T.N.M.S.).
authors.forename: Davis Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Torrejon
authors.affiliation: From the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (J.M.Z., A.G.-D., D.S.S., H.E.-O., W.H., S.H.-L., D.Y.T., G.A.-R., S.S., L.B., J.S., B.H.M., B.C., K.R., I.P.S., P.J.S., C.P.-S., G.C., E.S., X.K., J.P., B.B.-M., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (B.C., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.) - both in Los Angeles; and the Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (R.M., T.N.M.S.).
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Abril-Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: From the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (J.M.Z., A.G.-D., D.S.S., H.E.-O., W.H., S.H.-L., D.Y.T., G.A.-R., S.S., L.B., J.S., B.H.M., B.C., K.R., I.P.S., P.J.S., C.P.-S., G.C., E.S., X.K., J.P., B.B.-M., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (B.C., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.) - both in Los Angeles; and the Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (R.M., T.N.M.S.).
authors.forename: Salemiz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sandoval
authors.affiliation: From the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (J.M.Z., A.G.-D., D.S.S., H.E.-O., W.H., S.H.-L., D.Y.T., G.A.-R., S.S., L.B., J.S., B.H.M., B.C., K.R., I.P.S., P.J.S., C.P.-S., G.C., E.S., X.K., J.P., B.B.-M., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (B.C., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.) - both in Los Angeles; and the Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (R.M., T.N.M.S.).
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barthly
authors.affiliation: From the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (J.M.Z., A.G.-D., D.S.S., H.E.-O., W.H., S.H.-L., D.Y.T., G.A.-R., S.S., L.B., J.S., B.H.M., B.C., K.R., I.P.S., P.J.S., C.P.-S., G.C., E.S., X.K., J.P., B.B.-M., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (B.C., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.) - both in Los Angeles; and the Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (R.M., T.N.M.S.).
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saco
authors.affiliation: From the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (J.M.Z., A.G.-D., D.S.S., H.E.-O., W.H., S.H.-L., D.Y.T., G.A.-R., S.S., L.B., J.S., B.H.M., B.C., K.R., I.P.S., P.J.S., C.P.-S., G.C., E.S., X.K., J.P., B.B.-M., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (B.C., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.) - both in Los Angeles; and the Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (R.M., T.N.M.S.).
authors.forename: Blanca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Homet Moreno
authors.affiliation: From the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (J.M.Z., A.G.-D., D.S.S., H.E.-O., W.H., S.H.-L., D.Y.T., G.A.-R., S.S., L.B., J.S., B.H.M., B.C., K.R., I.P.S., P.J.S., C.P.-S., G.C., E.S., X.K., J.P., B.B.-M., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (B.C., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.) - both in Los Angeles; and the Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (R.M., T.N.M.S.).
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mezzadra
authors.affiliation: From the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (J.M.Z., A.G.-D., D.S.S., H.E.-O., W.H., S.H.-L., D.Y.T., G.A.-R., S.S., L.B., J.S., B.H.M., B.C., K.R., I.P.S., P.J.S., C.P.-S., G.C., E.S., X.K., J.P., B.B.-M., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (B.C., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.) - both in Los Angeles; and the Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (R.M., T.N.M.S.).
authors.forename: Bartosz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chmielowski
authors.affiliation: From the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (J.M.Z., A.G.-D., D.S.S., H.E.-O., W.H., S.H.-L., D.Y.T., G.A.-R., S.S., L.B., J.S., B.H.M., B.C., K.R., I.P.S., P.J.S., C.P.-S., G.C., E.S., X.K., J.P., B.B.-M., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (B.C., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.) - both in Los Angeles; and the Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (R.M., T.N.M.S.).
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ruchalski
authors.affiliation: From the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (J.M.Z., A.G.-D., D.S.S., H.E.-O., W.H., S.H.-L., D.Y.T., G.A.-R., S.S., L.B., J.S., B.H.M., B.C., K.R., I.P.S., P.J.S., C.P.-S., G.C., E.S., X.K., J.P., B.B.-M., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (B.C., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.) - both in Los Angeles; and the Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (R.M., T.N.M.S.).
authors.forename: I Peter
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Shintaku
authors.affiliation: From the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (J.M.Z., A.G.-D., D.S.S., H.E.-O., W.H., S.H.-L., D.Y.T., G.A.-R., S.S., L.B., J.S., B.H.M., B.C., K.R., I.P.S., P.J.S., C.P.-S., G.C., E.S., X.K., J.P., B.B.-M., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (B.C., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.) - both in Los Angeles; and the Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (R.M., T.N.M.S.).
authors.forename: Phillip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.affiliation: From the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (J.M.Z., A.G.-D., D.S.S., H.E.-O., W.H., S.H.-L., D.Y.T., G.A.-R., S.S., L.B., J.S., B.H.M., B.C., K.R., I.P.S., P.J.S., C.P.-S., G.C., E.S., X.K., J.P., B.B.-M., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (B.C., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.) - both in Los Angeles; and the Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (R.M., T.N.M.S.).
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Puig-Saus
authors.affiliation: From the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (J.M.Z., A.G.-D., D.S.S., H.E.-O., W.H., S.H.-L., D.Y.T., G.A.-R., S.S., L.B., J.S., B.H.M., B.C., K.R., I.P.S., P.J.S., C.P.-S., G.C., E.S., X.K., J.P., B.B.-M., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (B.C., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.) - both in Los Angeles; and the Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (R.M., T.N.M.S.).
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cherry
authors.affiliation: From the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (J.M.Z., A.G.-D., D.S.S., H.E.-O., W.H., S.H.-L., D.Y.T., G.A.-R., S.S., L.B., J.S., B.H.M., B.C., K.R., I.P.S., P.J.S., C.P.-S., G.C., E.S., X.K., J.P., B.B.-M., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (B.C., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.) - both in Los Angeles; and the Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (R.M., T.N.M.S.).
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Seja
authors.affiliation: From the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (J.M.Z., A.G.-D., D.S.S., H.E.-O., W.H., S.H.-L., D.Y.T., G.A.-R., S.S., L.B., J.S., B.H.M., B.C., K.R., I.P.S., P.J.S., C.P.-S., G.C., E.S., X.K., J.P., B.B.-M., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (B.C., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.) - both in Los Angeles; and the Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (R.M., T.N.M.S.).
authors.forename: Xiangju
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: From the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (J.M.Z., A.G.-D., D.S.S., H.E.-O., W.H., S.H.-L., D.Y.T., G.A.-R., S.S., L.B., J.S., B.H.M., B.C., K.R., I.P.S., P.J.S., C.P.-S., G.C., E.S., X.K., J.P., B.B.-M., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (B.C., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.) - both in Los Angeles; and the Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (R.M., T.N.M.S.).
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: From the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (J.M.Z., A.G.-D., D.S.S., H.E.-O., W.H., S.H.-L., D.Y.T., G.A.-R., S.S., L.B., J.S., B.H.M., B.C., K.R., I.P.S., P.J.S., C.P.-S., G.C., E.S., X.K., J.P., B.B.-M., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (B.C., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.) - both in Los Angeles; and the Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (R.M., T.N.M.S.).
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Berent-Maoz
authors.affiliation: From the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (J.M.Z., A.G.-D., D.S.S., H.E.-O., W.H., S.H.-L., D.Y.T., G.A.-R., S.S., L.B., J.S., B.H.M., B.C., K.R., I.P.S., P.J.S., C.P.-S., G.C., E.S., X.K., J.P., B.B.-M., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (B.C., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.) - both in Los Angeles; and the Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (R.M., T.N.M.S.).
authors.forename: Begoña
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Comin-Anduix
authors.affiliation: From the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (J.M.Z., A.G.-D., D.S.S., H.E.-O., W.H., S.H.-L., D.Y.T., G.A.-R., S.S., L.B., J.S., B.H.M., B.C., K.R., I.P.S., P.J.S., C.P.-S., G.C., E.S., X.K., J.P., B.B.-M., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (B.C., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.) - both in Los Angeles; and the Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (R.M., T.N.M.S.).
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Graeber
authors.affiliation: From the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (J.M.Z., A.G.-D., D.S.S., H.E.-O., W.H., S.H.-L., D.Y.T., G.A.-R., S.S., L.B., J.S., B.H.M., B.C., K.R., I.P.S., P.J.S., C.P.-S., G.C., E.S., X.K., J.P., B.B.-M., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (B.C., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.) - both in Los Angeles; and the Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (R.M., T.N.M.S.).
authors.forename: Paul C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Tumeh
authors.affiliation: From the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (J.M.Z., A.G.-D., D.S.S., H.E.-O., W.H., S.H.-L., D.Y.T., G.A.-R., S.S., L.B., J.S., B.H.M., B.C., K.R., I.P.S., P.J.S., C.P.-S., G.C., E.S., X.K., J.P., B.B.-M., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (B.C., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.) - both in Los Angeles; and the Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (R.M., T.N.M.S.).
authors.forename: Ton N M
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.affiliation: From the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (J.M.Z., A.G.-D., D.S.S., H.E.-O., W.H., S.H.-L., D.Y.T., G.A.-R., S.S., L.B., J.S., B.H.M., B.C., K.R., I.P.S., P.J.S., C.P.-S., G.C., E.S., X.K., J.P., B.B.-M., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (B.C., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.) - both in Los Angeles; and the Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (R.M., T.N.M.S.).
authors.forename: Roger S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.affiliation: From the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (J.M.Z., A.G.-D., D.S.S., H.E.-O., W.H., S.H.-L., D.Y.T., G.A.-R., S.S., L.B., J.S., B.H.M., B.C., K.R., I.P.S., P.J.S., C.P.-S., G.C., E.S., X.K., J.P., B.B.-M., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (B.C., B.C.-A., T.G.G., P.C.T., R.S.L., A.R.) - both in Los Angeles; and the Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (R.M., T.N.M.S.).
authors.forename: Antoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ribas
mesh_terms: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001706:Biopsy; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D059472:Exome; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005805:Genes, MHC Class I; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053613:Janus Kinase 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D053614:Janus Kinase 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000556:secondary; D009154:Mutation; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D012008:Recurrence; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D015398:Signal Transduction; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin; D007371:Interferon-gamma; C582435:pembrolizumab; D053613:Janus Kinase 1; D053614:Janus Kinase 2