title: Quantification of degraded supervision of bathing in 108 French public swimming pools.
abstract: To prevent drowning incidents in French public swimming pools (PSP), bathing must be constantly supervised by qualified lifeguards. However, fatal drownings regularly occurs in supervised aquatic facilities, calling into question the efficacy of the supervision chain. The aim of this research is to fully assess the periods during which supervision is not carried out, or carried out in an inadequate manner. The observations made in 108 French PSP show that constant supervision, as stipulated by regulations, represents only half of the time. Over a total observation time of 54 hours, 147 periods during which the supervision system was degraded for 3 min or more were noticed. In the worst-case scenario, this possesses a significant problem in terms of survival probability without sequelae.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire sur les Vulnérabilités et l'Innovation dans le Sport (L-ViS, EA 7428), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.|Confédération Recherches Interdisciplinaires en Sport (CRIS, FED 4272), Institut Régional de Médecine et d'Ingénierie du Sport (IRMIS), Pôle Santé Innovations, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France.
authors.forename: Élie
authors.initials: É
authors.lastname: Vignac
authors.affiliation: Faculté des Sciences du Sport de Poitiers, Centre de Recherche en Gestion (EA 1722), Université de Poitiers, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lebihain
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire sur les Vulnérabilités et l'Innovation dans le Sport (L-ViS, EA 7428), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.|Confédération Recherches Interdisciplinaires en Sport (CRIS, FED 4272), Institut Régional de Médecine et d'Ingénierie du Sport (IRMIS), Pôle Santé Innovations, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France.
authors.forename: Bastien
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Soulé
mesh_terms: D004332:Drowning / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D060731:Emergency Responders / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005602:France; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D011633:Public Facilities; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017751:Safety Management / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D013550:Swimming; D013551:Swimming Pools; D013997:Time Factors