title: Higher occurrence of nausea and vomiting after total hip arthroplasty using general versus spinal anesthesia: an observational study.
abstract: Under the assumption that postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) may occur after total hip arthroplasty (THA) regardless of the anesthetic technique used, it is not clear whether general (GA) or spinal (SA) anesthesia has higher causal effect on this occurrence. Conflicting results have been reported.
  
  
  
  In this observational study, we selected all elective THA interventions performed in adults between 1999 and 2008 in a Swiss orthopedic clinic under general or spinal anesthesia. To assess the effect of anesthesia type on the occurrence of PONV, we used the propensity score and matching methods, which allowed us to emulate the design and results of an RCT.
  
  
  
  Among 3922 procedures, 1984 (51 %) patients underwent GA, of which 4.1 % experienced PONV, and 1938 underwent SA, of which 3.5 % experienced PONV. We found that the average treatment effect on the treated, i.e. the effect of anesthesia type for a sample of individuals that actually received spinal anesthesia compared to individuals who received GA, was ATET = 2.00 % [95 % CI, 0.78-3.19 %], which translated into an OR = 1.97 [95 % CI 1.35; 2.87].
  
  
  
  This suggests that the type of anesthesia is not neutral regarding PONV, general anesthesia being more strongly associated with PONV than spinal anesthesia in orthopedic surgery.
authors.affiliation: IUMSP-Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Route de la Corniche 10, CH-1010, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5444-2918
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sansonnens
authors.affiliation: IUMSP-Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Route de la Corniche 10, CH-1010, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Taffé
authors.affiliation: IUMSP-Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Route de la Corniche 10, CH-1010, Lausanne, Switzerland. bernard.burnand@chuv.ch.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Burnand
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Causal effect; General versus spinal anesthesia; Matching; PONV; Propensity score; THA; Total hip arthroplasty