title: HLA-DRB1 the notorious gene in the mosaic of autoimmunity.
abstract: The major histocompatibility complex system is the most polymorphic gene cluster of the mammal genome. In humans, this is a genomic locus known as the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system. The HLA encodes mostly immune-associated proteins whose main effect is the presentation of antigens to the immune cells. Thus, it is clear that it is essential for to the proper function of the immune response against pathogens and strongly implicated in the development of autoimmune diseases. Nonetheless, there are hundreds of polymorphisms of HLA-DRB1 which have been associated with different autoimmune disorders as well as with immune response to infection and vaccines. It is possible that the interaction of specific HLA with pathogenic antigens is one of the keys favoring (or protecting) toward the development of an autoimmune disease. In the era of personalized medicine, it would be of great help to build a map of the genomic risk of each individual to evaluate the risk of developing an autoimmune condition.
authors.affiliation: Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, The Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Ramat Gan, Israel.|Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia.
authors.forename: María-Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Arango
authors.affiliation: Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, The Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Ramat Gan, Israel.|Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00161, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perricone
authors.affiliation: Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, The Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Ramat Gan, Israel.|Rheumatic Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.|The Dr. Pinchas Borenstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program 2013, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.|Department A Internal Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 2 Derech Sheba St., 52621, Ramat Gan, Israel.
authors.forename: Shaye
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kivity
authors.affiliation: Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00161, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cipriano
authors.affiliation: Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00161, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Fulvia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ceccarelli
authors.affiliation: Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00161, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Valesini
authors.affiliation: Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, The Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Ramat Gan, Israel. shoenfel@post.tau.ac.il.|Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel. shoenfel@post.tau.ac.il.|Incumbent of the Laura Schwarz-Kip Chair for Research of Autoimmune Diseases, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel. shoenfel@post.tau.ac.il.
authors.forename: Yehuda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shoenfeld
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000235:genetics; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000235:genetics*; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D014612:Vaccines
chemical_list: D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; D014612:Vaccines
keywords: Autoimmunity; DRB1; Gene; Genetic; HLA system; Infections; Locus; Vaccines