title: Interdependencies among Selected Pro-Inflammatory Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction, C-Peptide, Anti-Inflammatory Interleukin-10 and Glucose Metabolism Disturbance in Obese Women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Currently increasing importance is attributed to the inflammatory process as a crucial factor responsible for the progressive damage to vascular walls and progression of atherosclerosis in obese people. We have studied the relationship between clinical and biochemical parameters and C-peptide and anti-inflammatory IL-10, as well as selected markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction such as: CCL2, CRP, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and E-selectin in obese women with various degree of glucose metabolism disturbance.
  
  
  METHODS
  The studied group consisted of 61 obese women, and 20 normal weight, healthy volunteers. Obese patients were spited in subgroups based on the degree of glucose metabolism disorder. Serum samples were analyzed using ELISA kits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased concentrations of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, E-selectin, CCL2 and CRP were found in all obese groups compared to the normal weight subjects. In patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) parameters characterizing the degree of obesity significantly positively correlated with levels of CRP and CCL2. Significant relationships were found between levels of glucose and sICAM-1and also E-selectin and HOMA-IR. C-peptide levels are positively associated with CCL2, E-selectin, triglycerides levels, and inversely with IL-10 levels in newly diagnosed T2DM group (p<0.05). Concentrations of IL-10 correlated negatively with E-selectin, CCL2, C-peptide levels, and HOMA-IR in T2DM group (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Disturbed lipid and carbohydrate metabolism are manifested by enhanced inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in patients with simply obesity. These disturbances are associates with an increase of adhesion molecules. The results suggest the probable active participation of higher concentrations of C-peptide in the intensification of inflammatory and atherogenic processes in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. In patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes, altered serum concentrations of Il-10 seems to be dependent on the degree of insulin resistance and proinflammatory status.
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Janowska
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chudek
authors.affiliation: 2. Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olszanecka-Glinianowicz
authors.affiliation: 3. Department of Internal, Autoimmune and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Poland.
authors.forename: Elżbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Semik-Grabarczyk
authors.affiliation: 5. Outpatient Clinic of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases "Waga", Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zahorska-Markiewicz
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood*; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood*; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002096:C-Peptide; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D019040:E-Selectin; D014280:Triglycerides; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D016753:Interleukin-10; D005947:Glucose
keywords: C-peptide; Obesity; adhesion molecules; chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2; endothelial dysfunction; glucose metabolism disturbance; interleukin-10.