title: Antimicrobial effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus against multidrug-resistant enteroaggregative Escherichia coli.
abstract: The in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus were evaluated individually and synergistically against multidrug-resistant enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (MDR-EAEC). In vitro evaluation of each probiotic strain when co-cultured with MDR-EAEC isolates revealed a reduction in MDR-EAEC counts (eosin-methylene blue agar) in a dose- and time-dependent manner: probiotics at a dose rate of 10(10) CFU inhibited MDR-EAEC isolates at 72 h post-inoculation (PI), whereas at lower concentrations (10(8) and 10(9) CFU) MDR-EAEC isolates were inhibited at 96 h PI. The synergistic antimicrobial effect of both probiotic strains (each at 10(10) CFU) was highly significant (P < 0.01) and inhibited the growth of MDR-EAEC isolates at 24 h PI. For in vivo evaluation, weaned mice were fed orally with 10(7) CFU of MDR-EAEC. At Day 3 post-infection, treated mice were fed orally with the probiotic strains (each at 10(10) CFU). Compared with the control, post-treatment a significant (P < 0.01) reduction in MDR-EAEC counts was observed in faeces by Day 2 and in intestinal tissues of treated mice by Days 3 and 4 as evidenced by plate count (mean 2.71 log and 2.27 log, respectively) and real-time PCR (mean 1.62 log and 1.57 log, respectively) methods. Histopathologically, comparatively mild changes were observed in the ileum and colon from Days 3 to 5 post-treatment with probiotics; however, from Day 6 the changes were regenerative or normal. These observations suggest that these probiotic strains can serve as alternative therapeutics against MDR-EAEC-associated infections in humans and animals.
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly 243122, India.
authors.forename: Manesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly 243122, India.
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dhaka
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly 243122, India.
authors.forename: Deepthi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vijay
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly 243122, India.
authors.forename: Jess
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vergis
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly 243122, India.
authors.forename: Vysakh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly 243122, India.
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal Science and Fishery University, Nagpur 440006, India.
authors.forename: Nitin V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Kurkure
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Biotic Stress Management, Baronda, Raipur 493225, India.
authors.forename: Sukhadeo B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Barbuddhe
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly 243122, India.
authors.forename: S V S
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly 243122, India. Electronic address: deepak.rawool@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Deepak B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Rawool
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000898:Antibiosis; D058491:Bacterial Load; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D007779:Lactobacillus acidophilus / Q000502:physiology*; D048191:Lactiplantibacillus plantarum / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Drug resistance; Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Lactobacillus plantarum; Probiotics