title: RNA-based mechanisms of virulence control in Enterobacteriaceae.
abstract: Enteric pathogens of the family Enterobacteriaceae colonize various niches within animals and humans in which they compete with intestinal commensals and are attacked by the host immune system. To survive these hostile environments they possess complex, multilayer regulatory networks that coordinate the control of virulence factors, host-adapted metabolic functions and stress resistance. An important part of these intricate control networks are RNA-based control systems that enable the pathogen to fine-tune its responses. Recent next-generation sequencing approaches revealed a large repertoire of conserved and species-specific riboregulators, including numerous cis- and trans-acting non-coding RNAs, sensory RNA elements (RNA thermometers, riboswitches), regulatory RNA-binding proteins and RNA degrading enzymes which regulate colonization factors, toxins, host defense processes and virulence-relevant physiological and metabolic processes. All of which are important cues for pathogens to sense and respond to fluctuating conditions during the infection. This review covers infection-relevant riboregulators of E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella and Yersinia, highlights their versatile regulatory mechanisms, complex target regulons and functions, and discusses emerging topics and future challenges to fully understand and exploit RNA-based control to combat bacterial infections.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Molecular Infection Biology , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Braunschweig , Germany.
authors.forename: Ann Kathrin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Heroven
authors.affiliation: a Department of Molecular Infection Biology , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Braunschweig , Germany.
authors.forename: Aaron M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Nuss
authors.affiliation: a Department of Molecular Infection Biology , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Braunschweig , Germany.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dersch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D020871:RNA Stability; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000378:metabolism; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012260:Ribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism; D058928:Riboswitch; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C093587:CsrA protein, E coli; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D058928:Riboswitch; D037521:Virulence Factors; D012260:Ribonucleases
keywords: CsrA; RNA thermometers; gene regulation; regulated RNA degradation; regulatory RNAs; riboswitches; virulence