title: Utility of S100B Serum Level for the Determination of Concussion in Male Rugby Players.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of concussion in professional direct-contact sports, particularly in rugby, has increased in recent years. To date, cognitive assessment is the most common means of determining whether a concussed player can return to the game. Serum S100B assay, an objective blood test known to be useful in brain injury management, may offer a novel additional approach to the management of concussed male rugby players.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the S100B utility for the determination of concussion in a professional 15-players-a-side rugby team.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine male rugby players were included in a prospective study during the 2014-2015 French championship season. Serum sampling was carried out several times at baseline and after a match and/or a concussion, at set times (2, 36 h). Serum S100B concentrations were determined using chemiluminescence immunoassay on a Roche Diagnostics®instrument.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The players' basal serum S100B was stable during the season and was not correlated with anthropometric data, body composition, or creatine kinase concentration. A significant increase in S100B concentration within 2 h after a game (without concussion) was observed. This increase was correlated with the number of body collisions during a match. Seventy-seven assays were performed 36 h after a game, including the follow-up of five concussed players. Thirty-six hours after a match, an increase of a minimum of 20 % compared with individual basal concentrations identified concussion with 100 % sensitivity and 81 % specificity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  S100B measured 36 h after a match is thus a discriminating test to identify concussion in a male rugby player, with a 100 % negative predictive value.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.|EA7281-Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases, School of Medicine, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bouvier
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Duret
authors.affiliation: Medical Department, Sports Association Montferrandaise Clermont Auvergne (ASMCA), Clermont-Ferrand, France.|Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abbot
authors.affiliation: Medical Department, Sports Association Montferrandaise Clermont Auvergne (ASMCA), Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Thibault
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stiernon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics Unit (DRCI), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Aurélien
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coste
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chazal
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France. vincent.sapin@udamail.fr.|EA7281-Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases, School of Medicine, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France. vincent.sapin@udamail.fr.|Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale, 4R3, Faculté de Médecine, Université d'Auvergne, 28 place Henri-Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont Ferrand Cedex, France. vincent.sapin@udamail.fr.|Observatoire Médical, FFR-LNR, Marcoussis, France. vincent.sapin@udamail.fr.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sapin
mesh_terms: D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003071:Cognition; D005538:Football; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; C579160:S100B protein, human