title: Polycystic ovary syndrome in type 2 diabetes: does it predict a more severe phenotype?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the prevalence of a history of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women with type 2 diabetes (DM2) and to compare metabolic and reproductive outcomes between women with and without PCOS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female inpatients age 18-75 years with DM2.
  
  
  METHODS
  A face-to-face questionnaire was administered.
  
  
  METHODS
  Age at diagnosis of diabetes, history of gestational diabetes, family history of diabetes, and reproductive history, fertility history, number of miscarriages, and morbidity in pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred seventy-one inpatients with DM2 participated. The prevalence of a history of PCOS was 37%. Women with PCOS had an earlier mean age of diagnosis of DM2 (44.2 vs. 48.8 years), higher recalled peak body mass index (BMI; 43.1 kg/m2vs. 36.8 kg/m2), higher rate of gestational diabetes (28% vs. 18%), and higher rate of hypertension in pregnancy (40% vs. 22%). Women with PCOS were less likely to have a family history of DM2 than those without PCOS (45% vs. 67%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A history of PCOS in women with DM2 is associated with earlier onset of DM2, higher BMI, and a more severe phenotype. Since PCOS subjects were less likely to have a family history of DM2, lack of a family history of DM2 in women with PCOS is not reassuring for DM2 risk. We recommend identifying PCOS in early life and intervening to reduce the risk of diabetes and its comorbidities and suboptimal reproductive outcomes.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Stephanie Y T
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Sian L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.affiliation: Keogh Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Jocelyn L K
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Suzanne J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrea J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cussons
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Keogh Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia. Electronic address: bronwyn.stuckey@uwa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Bronwyn G A
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Stuckey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010298:Parity; D010641:Phenotype; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D013997:Time Factors; D014904:Western Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: PCOS; cardiovascular disease; gestational diabetes; type 2 diabetes