title: Early Elevation in Interleukin-6 is Associated with Reduced Growth in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants.
abstract: ObjectiveTo determine whether reduced growth velocity (GV) in extremely low birth weight infants is preceded by elevated inflammatory cytokines.Study DesignGV was determined at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA) in 768 infants 401 to 1,000 g birth weight (BW). Association between blood cytokines measured through day of life 21 and GV was explored using linear regression models that adjusted for late-onset sepsis (LOS), BW, small for gestational age (SGA), gender, race, energy intake, and center.ResultsSerum interleukin-6 (IL-6) was increased at days 14 and 21 in LOS infants. LOS was associated with reduced energy intake and GV for weight (weight-GV) at 36 weeks' PMA. Linear regression analysis controlling for LOS and energy intake showed significant relationships between increased IL-6 at days 14 and 21 with reduced weight-GV at 36 weeks' PMA (p< 0.0001). The relationship between day 21 IL-6 and weight-GV was not associated with LOS (p= 0.12) when controlling for BW and energy intake. Both BW (p= 0.02) and energy intake (p= 0.003) influenced the relationship between day 14 IL-6 and weight-GV.ConclusionIL-6 elevation during the first month of life is associated with lower weight-GV at 36 weeks' PMA and may have a direct effect upon energy balance and postnatal growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Lee A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Denson
authors.affiliation: Statistics and Epidemiology Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.affiliation: Statistics and Epidemiology Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Abhik
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Diana E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Schendel
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Section of Neonatal Screening and Hormones, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Skogstrand
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Section of Neonatal Screening and Hormones, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hougaard
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: Seetha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shankaran
authors.affiliation: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Rosemary D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
authors.forename: Waldemar A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Carlo
authors.affiliation: Division of Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital and the Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ehrenkranz
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D052577:Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight / Q000097:blood* / Q000254:growth & development*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D000067562:Late Onset Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D018805:Sepsis / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6