title: Chemotherapy-Related Neurotoxicity.
abstract: Chemotherapy may have detrimental effects on either the central or peripheral nervous system. Central nervous system neurotoxicity resulting from chemotherapy manifests as a wide range of clinical syndromes including acute, subacute, and chronic encephalopathies, posterior reversible encephalopathy, acute cerebellar dysfunction, chronic cognitive impairment, myelopathy, meningitis, and neurovascular syndromes. These clinical entities vary by causative agent, degree of severity, evolution, and timing of occurrence. In the peripheral nervous system, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and myopathy are the two main complications of chemotherapy. CIPN is the most common complication, and the majority manifest as a dose-dependent length-dependent sensory axonopathy. In severe cases of CIPN, the dose of chemotherapy is reduced, the administration delayed, or the treatment discontinued. Few treatments are available for CIPN and based on meta-analysis, duloxetine is the preferred symptomatic treatment. Myopathy due to corticosteroid use is the most frequent cause of muscle disorders in patients with cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology 2. Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris VI, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taillibert
authors.affiliation: Neuro-oncology, Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital, Lille, France.|Neurology, Medical Oncology Department, Oscar Lambret Center, Lille, France.|Lille University, INSERM U1192, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Le Rhun
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, University of Washington, 825 Eastlake Ave E, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA. marccchamberlain@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marc C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chamberlain
mesh_terms: D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000209:etiology; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*
keywords: Chemobrain; Chemotherapy; Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy; Encephalopathy; Myopathy; Neurotoxicity