title: A Mini-Review for Cancer Immunotherapy: Molecular Understanding of PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway &amp; Translational Blockade of Immune Checkpoints.
abstract: Interference of the binding of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has become a new inspiring immunotherapy for resisting cancers. To date, the FDA has approved two PD-1 monoclonal antibody drugs against cancer as well as a monoclonal antibody for PD-L1. More PD-1 and PD-L1 monoclonal antibody drugs are on their way in clinical trials. In this review, we focused on the mechanism of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway and the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against PD-1 and PD-L1, which were approved by the FDA or are still in clinical trials. And also presented is the prospect of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade in the next generation of immunotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, Institute of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Haimen 226133, China. yongshuli000@163.com.|Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. yongshuli000@163.com.|Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. yongshuli000@163.com.
authors.forename: Yongshu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. fayebalaba@live.com.|Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. fayebalaba@live.com.|Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone &amp; Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. fayebalaba@live.com.
authors.forename: Fangfei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, Institute of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Haimen 226133, China. jiangfeng@nbu.edu.cn.|Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. jiangfeng@nbu.edu.cn.|Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. jiangfeng@nbu.edu.cn.|Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone &amp; Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. jiangfeng@nbu.edu.cn.|Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, The State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China. jiangfeng@nbu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, Institute of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Haimen 226133, China. lxqd1@126.com.|Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. lxqd1@126.com.|Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. lxqd1@126.com.|College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China. lxqd1@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, Institute of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Haimen 226133, China. zhangrj920@163.com.|Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. zhangrj920@163.com.|Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. zhangrj920@163.com.
authors.forename: Rongjiang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, Institute of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Haimen 226133, China. aipinglu@hkbu.edu.hk.|Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. aipinglu@hkbu.edu.hk.|Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. aipinglu@hkbu.edu.hk.|Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone &amp; Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. aipinglu@hkbu.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Aiping
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, Institute of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Haimen 226133, China. zhangge@hkbu.edu.hk.|Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. zhangge@hkbu.edu.hk.|Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. zhangge@hkbu.edu.hk.|Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone &amp; Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. zhangge@hkbu.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Ge
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; C423236:CD274 protein, human; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
keywords: Immunotherapy; PD-1 (Programmed cell death protein 1); PD-L1 (Programmed death-ligand 1); monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)