title: Highly Immunogenic Trimethyl Chitosan-based Delivery System for Intranasal Lipopeptide Vaccines against Group A Streptococcus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Group A streptococcus (GAS) primarily colonizes the mucosal region of the upper respiratory tract, slowly leading to systemic infections. Thus, GAS-specific antibody responses are desirable at mucosal sites for early prevention against GAS colonization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Herein, we developed a potent nanoliposomes-based delivery system for mucosally active lipid core peptide (LCP)-based vaccines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Trimethyl chitosan (TMC)-coated liposomes that bore a B-cell epitope derived from GAS Mprotein, stimulated potent epitope-specific mucosal and systemic antibody titres after only one boost following intranasal immunization in Swiss outbred mice. The immune responses were durable even at day 139 post-primary immunization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The enhanced vaccine efficacy, lowered dose, and simple and cost-effective process of producing the coated nanoliposomes should be particularly useful in developing potent peptide-based vaccines to prevent infections at the mucosal sites.
authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Nirmal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marasini
authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Khairunnisa Abdul
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Ghaffar
authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Ashwini Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Giddam
authors.affiliation: Griffith University, Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Batzloff
authors.affiliation: Griffith University, Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Good
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skwarczynski
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Istvan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Toth
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D048271:Chitosan; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D018985:Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D055666:Lipopeptides; D051379:Mice; D022541:Streptococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018985:Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte; D055666:Lipopeptides; D022541:Streptococcal Vaccines; C014689:streptococcal M protein; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Chitosan; group A streptococcus; lipopeptides; liposomes; nasal delivery; peptide vaccines