title: Simultaneous Determination of Bioactive Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids in Ethanolic Extract of Seven Rauvolfia Species using UHPLC with Hybrid Triple Quadrupole Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rauvolfia serpentina is an endangered plant species due to its over-exploitation. It has highly commercial and economic importance due to the presence of bioactive monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) such as ajmaline, yohimbine, ajmalicine, serpentine and reserpine.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop a validated, rapid, sensitive and selective ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQLIT -MS/MS) method in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode for simultaneous determination of bioactive MIAs in ethanolic extract of seven Rauvolfia species and herbal formulations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The separation of MIAs was achieved on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH™ C18 column (1.7 μm, 2.1 mm × 50 mm) using a gradient mobile phase (0.1% aqueous formic acid and acetonitrile) at flow rate 0.3 μL/min in 7 min. The validated method showed good linearity (r(2)  ≥ 0.9999), limit of detection (LOD) (0.06-0.15 ng/mL), limit of quantitation (LOQ) (0.18-0.44 ng/mL), precisions [intraday: relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤ 2.24%, interday: RSD ≤ 2.74%], stability (RSD ≤ 1.53%) and overall recovery (RSD ≤ 2.23%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The validated method was applied to quantitate MIAs. Root of Rauvolfia vomitoria showed a high content of ajmaline (48.43 mg/g), serpentine (87.77 mg/g) whereas high quantities of yohimbine (100.21 mg/g) and ajmalicine (120.51 mg/g) were detected in R. tetraphylla. High content of reserpine was detected in R. micrantha (35.18 mg/g) and R. serpentina (32.38 mg/g).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The encouraging results of this study may lead to easy selection of suitable Rauvolfia species according to the abundance of MIAs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.|Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India.
authors.forename: Awantika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.|Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India.
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bajpai
authors.affiliation: Biometry and Statistics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Mukesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Mizoram-796004 Tanharil, Aizawl, Mizoram, India.
authors.forename: Bhim Pratap
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sanjeev
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ojha
authors.affiliation: Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.|Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India.
authors.forename: Brijesh
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D026121:Indole Alkaloids / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000032:analysis*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011926:Rauwolfia / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D026121:Indole Alkaloids; D039821:Monoterpenes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs); Rauvolfia species; UHPLC-QqQLITMS/MS; herbal formulations