title: Molecular identification of Mycobacterium bovis from cattle and human host in Mali: expanded genetic diversity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a contagious, debilitating human and animal disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis, a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. The study objective were to estimate the frequency of BTB, examine genetic diversity of the M. bovis population in cattle from five regions in Mali and to determine whether M. bovis is involved in active tuberculosis (TB) in humans. Samples from suspected lesions on cattle at the slaughterhouses were collected. Mycobacterial smear, culture confirmation, and spoligotyping were used for diagnosis and species identification. Mycobacterium DNA from TB patients was spoligotyped to identify M. bovis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 675 cattle have been examined for lesions in the five regions of Mali. Out of 675 cattle, 79 specimens presented lesions and then examined for the presence of M. bovis. Thus, 19 (24.1 %) were identified as M. bovis; eight (10.1 %) were non-tuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM). Nineteen spoligotype patterns were identified among 79 samples with five novel patterns. One case of M. bovis (spoligotype pattern SB0300) was identified among 67 TB patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study estimates a relatively true proportion of BTB in the regions of Mali and reveals new spoligotype patterns.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire, Bamako, Mali.
authors.forename: Mamadou
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diallo
authors.affiliation: SEREFO, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Point-G, Bamako, Mali. bdiarra@icermali.org.
authors.forename: Bassirou
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Diarra
authors.affiliation: SEREFO, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Point-G, Bamako, Mali.
authors.forename: Moumine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanogo
authors.affiliation: SEREFO, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Point-G, Bamako, Mali.
authors.forename: Antieme C G
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Togo
authors.affiliation: SEREFO, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Point-G, Bamako, Mali.
authors.forename: Anou M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Somboro
authors.affiliation: SEREFO, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Point-G, Bamako, Mali.
authors.forename: Mariam H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Diallo
authors.affiliation: SEREFO, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Point-G, Bamako, Mali.
authors.forename: Bréhima
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Traoré
authors.affiliation: SEREFO, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Point-G, Bamako, Mali.
authors.forename: Mamoudou
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maiga
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire, Bamako, Mali.
authors.forename: Younoussa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koné
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire, Bamako, Mali.
authors.forename: Karim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tounkara
authors.affiliation: SEREFO, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Point-G, Bamako, Mali.
authors.forename: Yeya Dit Sadio
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Sarro
authors.affiliation: SEREFO, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Point-G, Bamako, Mali.
authors.forename: Bocar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baya
authors.affiliation: SEREFO, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Point-G, Bamako, Mali.
authors.forename: Drissa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goita
authors.affiliation: SEREFO, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Point-G, Bamako, Mali.
authors.forename: Hamadoun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kassambara
authors.affiliation: SEREFO, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Point-G, Bamako, Mali.
authors.forename: Bindongo P P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Dembélé
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Research, NIH, Bethesda, USA.
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.affiliation: Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: SEREFO, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Point-G, Bamako, Mali.
authors.forename: Sounkalo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dao
authors.affiliation: SEREFO, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Point-G, Bamako, Mali.
authors.forename: Souleymane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Diallo
authors.affiliation: SEREFO, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Point-G, Bamako, Mali.
authors.forename: Anatole
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tounkara
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire, Bamako, Mali.
authors.forename: Mamadou
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D002417:Cattle; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008302:Mali / Q000453:epidemiology; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D014380:Tuberculosis, Bovine / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology
keywords: Bovine tuberculosis; Frequency; Mali; Spoligotyping