title: RGS1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in multiple myeloma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Multiple myeloma (MM) is an invariably fatal disease with highly heterogeneous outcome. Because of this heterogeneity of MM, risk stratification is crucial for therapeutic decision-making. However, no immunohistochemical prognostic or predictive markers have been established yet. The expression of regulator of G-protein signalling (RGS) proteins, which desensitise G-protein-coupled receptor signalling, has been reported to be associated with the prognosis of various malignancies. Recently, our group demonstrated the importance of RGS1 in chemokine signalling in a human MM cell line and normal plasmablasts. In the present study, we explored the prognostic value of RGS1 expression in patients with MM using immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated RGS1 protein expression in 79 bone marrow biopsies obtained from patients with MM between 2008 and 2010 at Asan Medical Center. Correlations between RGS1 expression and clinicopathological factors were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High RGS1 protein expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival (p=0.005). After an adjusted multivariable analysis, high RGS1 protein expression (p=0.010), high International Myeloma Working Group risk (p=0.003) and high serum lactate dehydrogenase levels (p=0.040) were significantly associated with poor outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RGS1 expression may be a prognostic marker for risk stratification and a promising target for the development of a new MM therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Pathology, University of Yonsei College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Su-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.|Cell Dysfunction Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: A-Neum
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dok Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Cheolwon
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chan-Jeoung
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jooryung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.|Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.|Cell Dysfunction Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chan-Sik
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D020710:RGS Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D020710:RGS Proteins; C080831:RGS1 protein, human
keywords: BONE MARROW; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MYELOMA