title: Fluorescein dye derivatives and their nanohybrids: Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity.
abstract: Fluorescein (resorcinolphthalein) is a synthetic organic photoactive dye compound soluble in water, alcohol and polar solvents. It is widely used as a fluorescent tracer in medicinal and biological applications and tumor infected tissues tracer. In this study, fluorescein (F) was condensed by five coupling agents namely: p,p-phenylene diamine, p-hydroxy aniline, o-hydroxy aniline, p-methoxy aniline and p-methyl aniline in a molar ratio of 2(F):1 (coupling agent). The chemical structures of the synthesized fluorescein derivatives were confirmed using: microelemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectroscopy. The synthesized compounds were loaded on chemically prepared silver nanoparticles via reduction reaction of silver nitrate. The structures and properties of the formed fluorescein derivatives silver nanohybrids were determined using: UV/Vis spectroscopy, TEM images and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The synthesized compounds and their nanohybrids were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities against different bacterial strains and fungi. The results showed that the formed fluorescein derivatives silver nanohybrids are in moderate diameter range, and the loading of the synthesized compounds protect the silver nanoparticles against coagulation. The antimicrobial activity against the studied microorganisms was comparable to the standard used. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity was increased considerably in case of using fluorescein derivatives silver nanohybrids. The antimicrobial activities were correlated to the chemical structures of the compounds, diameter of the formed nanohybrids and to the nature of the tested bacterial strains. The mechanism of the antimicrobial action of the synthesized compounds and their nanohybrids was proposed.
authors.affiliation: Petrochemicals Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address: nabelnegm@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Nabel A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Negm
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: Maram T H
authors.initials: MTH
authors.lastname: Abou Kana
authors.affiliation: Petrochemicals Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ali A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Abd-Elaal
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed H M
authors.initials: AHM
authors.lastname: Elwahy
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D060326:Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; D019793:Fluorescein / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D012834:Silver; D019793:Fluorescein
keywords: Antimicrobial activity; Dynamic light scattering; Fluorescein; Nanohybrids; TEM