title: Combination Antifungal Therapy for Invasive Aspergillosis Revisited.
abstract: Invasive aspergillosis (IA) causes significant morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised hosts. Combination therapy with mold-active triazoles and echinocandins has been used with the hope of improving outcomes over monotherapy, especially in the setting of refractory disease. Herein, I update our prior systematic review and meta-analysis on combination therapy for salvage IA in the context of the recently published randomized clinical trial of combination therapy for primary IA. Clinicians should consider combination antifungals for IA in refractory disease despite immune reconstitution when there are concerns for resistance or pharmacokinetic variability.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, F. Hèbert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS).
authors.forename: Anil A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Panackal