title: Photoemission Fingerprints for Structural Identification of Titanium Dioxide Surfaces.
abstract: The wealth of properties of titanium dioxide relies on its various polymorphs and on their mixtures coupled with a sensitivity to crystallographic orientations. It is therefore pivotal to set out methods that allow surface structural identification. We demonstrate herein the ability of photoemission spectroscopy to provide Ti LMV (V = valence) Auger templates to quantitatively analyze TiO2 polymorphs. The Ti LMV decay reflects Ti 4sp-O 2p hybridizations that are intrinsic properties of TiO2 phases and orientations. Ti LMV templates collected on rutile (110), anatase (101), and (100) single crystals allow for the quantitative analysis of mixed nanosized powders, which bridges the gap between surfaces of reference and complex materials. As a test bed, the anatase/rutile P25 is studied both as received and during the anatase-to-rutile transformation upon annealing. The agreement with X-ray diffraction measurements proves the reliability of the Auger analysis and highlights its ability to detect surface orientations.
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS-UMR 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, F-75005, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Borghetti
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS-UMR 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, F-75005, Paris, France.|Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova , Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meriggio
authors.affiliation: Chimie du Solide et de l'Energie, Collège de France, Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06, 11, Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Gwenaëlle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rousse
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS-UMR 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, F-75005, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cabailh
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS-UMR 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, F-75005, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Rémi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lazzari
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS-UMR 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, F-75005, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jupille