title: Fermentation Quality and Additives: A Case of Rice Straw Silage.
abstract: Rice cultivation generates large amount of crop residues of which only 20% are utilized for industrial and domestic purposes. In most developing countries especially southeast Asia, rice straw is used as part of feeding ingredients for the ruminants. However, due to its low protein content and high level of lignin and silica, there is limitation to its digestibility and nutritional value. To utilize this crop residue judiciously, there is a need for improvement of its nutritive value to promote its utilization through ensiling. Understanding the fundamental principle of ensiling is a prerequisite for successful silage product. Prominent factors influencing quality of silage product include water soluble carbohydrates, natural microbial population, and harvesting conditions of the forage. Additives are used to control the fermentation processes to enhance nutrient recovery and improve silage stability. This review emphasizes some practical aspects of silage processing and the use of additives for improvement of fermentation quality of rice straw.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Yusuff
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oladosu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd Y
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4763-6367
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Rafii
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Norhani
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7005-4202
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Usman
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Magaji
authors.affiliation: Strategic Livestock Research Centre, Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ghazali
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hussin
authors.affiliation: Rice Research Center, Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Asfaliza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramli
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Gous
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Miah
mesh_terms: D005503:Food Additives / Q000737:chemistry*; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*; D012820:Silage / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D005503:Food Additives