title: Habitual Sleep Duration and All-Cause Mortality in a General Community Sample.
abstract: The current study sought to determine whether sleep duration and change in sleep duration are associated with all-cause mortality in a community sample of middle-aged and older adults while accounting for several confounding factors including prevalent sleep-disordered breathing (SDB).
  
  
  
  Habitual sleep duration was assessed using self-report (< 7, 7-8, ≥ 9 h/night) at the baseline and at the follow-up visits of the Sleep Heart Health Study. Techniques of survival analysis were used to relate habitual sleep duration and change in sleep duration to all-cause mortality after adjusting for covariates such as age, sex, race, body mass index, smoking history, prevalent hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, antidepressant medication use, and SDB severity.
  
  
  
  Compared to a sleep duration of 7-8 h/night, habitually long sleep duration (≥ 9 h/night), but not short sleep duration (< 7 h/night), was associated with all-cause mortality with an adjusted hazards ratio of 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05, 1.47). Participants who progressed from short or normal sleep duration to long sleep duration had increased risk for all-cause mortality with adjusted hazard ratios of 1.75 (95% CI: 1.08, 2.78) and 1.63 (95% CI: 1.26, 2.13), respectively. Finally, a change from long to short sleep duration was also associated with all-cause mortality.
  
  
  
  Long sleep duration or a shift from long to short sleep duration are independently associated with all-cause mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: R Nisha
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Aurora
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Ji Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Ciprian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Crainiceanu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'Hearn
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.|Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Naresh M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Punjabi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D012890:Sleep; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000401:mortality; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: mortality; sleep duration