title: Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment in Occupational Settings Applied to the Airborne Human Adenovirus Infection.
abstract: Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) methodology, which has already been applied to drinking water and food safety, may also be applied to risk assessment and management at the workplace. The present study developed a preliminary QMRA model to assess microbial risk that is associated with inhaling bioaerosols that are contaminated with human adenovirus (HAdV). This model has been applied to air contamination data from different occupational settings, including wastewater systems, solid waste landfills, and toilets in healthcare settings and offices, with different exposure times. Virological monitoring showed the presence of HAdVs in all the evaluated settings, thus confirming that HAdV is widespread, but with different average concentrations of the virus. The QMRA results, based on these concentrations, showed that toilets had the highest probability of viral infection, followed by wastewater treatment plants and municipal solid waste landfills. Our QMRA approach in occupational settings is novel, and certain caveats should be considered. Nonetheless, we believe it is worthy of further discussions and investigations.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Virology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 35/39, Pisa 56127, Italy. annalaura.carducci@unipi.it.
authors.forename: Annalaura
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carducci
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Virology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 35/39, Pisa 56127, Italy. gabriele.donzelli@for.unipi.it.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Donzelli
authors.affiliation: Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, Pisa 56126, Italy. lcioni@di.unipi.it.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cioni
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Virology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 35/39, Pisa 56127, Italy. marco.verani@unipi.it.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verani
mesh_terms: D000258:Adenovirus Infections, Human / Q000635:transmission*; D000391:Air Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D062611:Solid Waste; D014780:Viruses; D064091:Waste Disposal Facilities; D062065:Wastewater
chemical_list: D062611:Solid Waste; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: airborne infectious; human adenovirus (HAdV); occupational exposure; quantitative microbial risk assessment