title: Genome-wide identification of genes involved in growth and fermentation activity at low temperature in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: Fermentation at low temperatures is one of the most popular current winemaking practices because of its reported positive impact on the aromatic profile of wines. However, low temperature is an additional hurdle to develop Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeasts, which are already stressed by high osmotic pressure, low pH and poor availability of nitrogen sources in grape must. Understanding the mechanisms of adaptation of S. cerevisiae to fermentation at low temperature would help to design strategies for process management, and to select and improve wine yeast strains specifically adapted to this winemaking practice. The problem has been addressed by several approaches in recent years, including transcriptomic and other high-throughput strategies. In this work we used a genome-wide screening of S. cerevisiae diploid mutant strain collections to identify genes that potentially contribute to adaptation to low temperature fermentation conditions. Candidate genes, impaired for growth at low temperatures (12°C and 18°C), but not at a permissive temperature (28°C), were deleted in an industrial homozygous genetic background, wine yeast strain FX10, in both heterozygosis and homozygosis. Some candidate genes were required for growth at low temperatures only in the laboratory yeast genetic background, but not in FX10 (namely the genes involved in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis). Other genes related to ribosome biosynthesis (SNU66 and PAP2) were required for low-temperature fermentation of synthetic must (SM) in the industrial genetic background. This result coincides with our previous findings about translation efficiency with the fitness of different wine yeast strains at low temperature.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnología de los alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos (CSIC), Avda. Agustín Escardino 7, E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Universidad de la Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja), Madre de Dios 51, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.
authors.forename: Zoel
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Salvadó
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnología de los alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos (CSIC), Avda. Agustín Escardino 7, E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Lucía
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ramos-Alonso
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Universidad de la Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja), Madre de Dios 51, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tronchoni
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Universidad de la Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja), Madre de Dios 51, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Penacho
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnología de los alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos (CSIC), Avda. Agustín Escardino 7, E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Estéfani
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: García-Ríos
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Universidad de la Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja), Madre de Dios 51, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Universidad de la Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja), Madre de Dios 51, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnología de los alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos (CSIC), Avda. Agustín Escardino 7, E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: guillamon@iata.csic.es.
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Guillamón
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005285:Fermentation; D005516:Food Microbiology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D006801:Humans; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics*; D014920:Wine / Q000382:microbiology*
keywords: Genome-wide screening; Industrial yeasts; Psychrotolerance; Ribosome biosynthesis; S. cerevisiae