title: Temporal Variability of Zooplankton (2000-2013) in the Levantine Sea: Significant Changes Associated to the 2005-2010 EMT-like Event?
abstract: In this study, we investigated, for the first time, the potential impact of environmental changes on zooplankton abundance over a fourteen year period (2000-2013) at an offshore station in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (the Levantine basin, offshore Lebanon). Samples were collected monthly and analyzed using the semi-automated system ZooScan. Salinity, temperature and phytoplankton abundance (nano and microphytoplankton) were also measured. Results show no significant temporal trend in sea surface temperature over the years. Between 2005-2010, salinity in the upper layer (0-80 m) of the Levantine basin increased (~0.3°C). During this 5 year period, total zooplankton abundance significantly increased. These modifications were concomitant to the activation of Aegean Sea as a source of dense water formation as part of the "Eastern Mediterranean Transient-like" event. The results of the present study suggested that zooplankton benefited from enhanced phytoplankton production during the mixing years of the event. Changes in the phenology of some taxa were observed accordingly with a predominantly advanced peak of zooplankton abundance. In conclusion, long-term changes in zooplankton abundance were related to the Levantine thermohaline circulation rather than sea surface warming. Sampling must be maintained to assess the impact of long-term climate change on zooplankton communities.
authors.affiliation: National Council for Scientific Research, National Center for Marine Sciences, P.O. Box 534, Batroun, Lebanon.|Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV) UMR7093, Observatoire Océanologique, 06230, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ouba
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire Océanologique, F-06230, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abboud-Abi Saab
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire Océanologique, F-06230, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.|Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV) UMR7093, Observatoire Océanologique, 06230, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stemmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017753:Ecosystem; D004777:Environment; D007861:Lebanon; D008522:Mediterranean Sea; D010839:Phytoplankton; D054712:Salinity; D012621:Seasons; D012623:Seawater; D062211:Spatio-Temporal Analysis; D013696:Temperature; D015048:Zooplankton