title: Determinants of climate change awareness level in upper Nyakach Division, Kisumu County, Kenya.
abstract: Improving the understanding of climate change awareness is one of the top priorities in climate change research. While the African continent is among the regions with the highest vulnerability to climate change, research on climate knowledge and awareness is lacking. Kenya is already grappling with the impacts of climate change, which are projected to increase in a non-linear and non-predictable manner. This study sought to determine climate change awareness levels among households residing in Upper Nyakach Division, Kisumu County, Kenya using common climate change markers viz heavy rainfall, floods, droughts and temperature. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted in which 384 household heads were selected as respondents from 11 sub-locations; all located within Upper Nyakach Division. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Most (90.9 %) respondents had observed changes in the overall climate. Awareness level of climate change varied significantly across the 11 sub-locations. To further gain insight unto which variables were the most significant determinant of climate change awareness in upper Nyakach division, Kisumu county, a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) with Poisson error distribution was built. The model indicated that sex of the household head, education level and age significantly influenced respondents' awareness to climate change markers. Most (87 %) households reported rising temperatures over the past 20 years. Over half (55.2 %) the respondents had observed declining rains, with significant differences being observed across age groups. Up to 75 % of the respondents reported increased droughts frequency over the last 20 years, with significant differences observed across gender. Most (86.7 %) respondents reported having observed changes in water sources with significant differences reported across age groups. The respondents reported an increased prevalence of malaria with significant differences being observed among the education levels and households' main livelihoods. The general population of the Upper Nyakach Divison is aware of changing global climate. However, more effort is required in mitigating climate change as per the local settings. Awareness campaign aimed at increasing knowledge of climate change markers among community members is recommended.
authors.affiliation: School of Environment and Earth Science, Maseno University, P. O. Box 333, 40105 Maseno, Kenya.
authors.forename: Chadwick O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Ajuang
authors.affiliation: School of Environment and Earth Science, Maseno University, P. O. Box 333, 40105 Maseno, Kenya.
authors.forename: Paul O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Abuom
authors.affiliation: School of Environment and Earth Science, Maseno University, P. O. Box 333, 40105 Maseno, Kenya.
authors.forename: Esna K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Bosire
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, P. O. Box 333, 40105 Maseno, Kenya.
authors.forename: Gabriel O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Dida
authors.affiliation: School of Environment and Earth Science, Maseno University, P. O. Box 333, 40105 Maseno, Kenya.
authors.forename: Douglas N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Anyona
keywords: Climate change markers; Demographic factors; Kenya; Level of awareness; Upper Nyakach Division