title: Effect of Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain Syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) on hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this monocentric, randomized, patient-assessor blinded, placebo-controlled trial, patients with HSP were randomly divided into the rESWT (n=17) and control (n=17) groups. Treatment was administered four times a week for 2 weeks. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score and Constant-Murley score (CS) were assessed before and after treatment, and at 2 and 4 weeks. The Modified Ashworth Scale and Fugl-Meyer Assessment scores and range of motion of the shoulder were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VAS scores improved post-intervention and at the 2-week and 4-week follow-up in the intervention group (p<0.05). Respective differences in VAS scores between baseline and post-intervention in the intervention and control groups were -1.69±1.90 and -0.45±0.79, respectively (p<0.05), between baseline and 2-week follow-up in the intervention and control groups were -1.60±1.74 and -0.34±0.70, respectively (p<0.05), and between baseline and 4-week follow-up in the intervention and control groups were -1.61±1.73 and -0.33±0.71, respectively (p<0.05). Baseline CS improved from 19.12±11.02 to 20.88±10.37 post-intervention and to 20.41±10.82 at the 2-week follow-up only in the intervention group (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  rESWT consisting of eight sessions could be one of the effective and safe modalities for pain management in people with HSP. Further studies are needed to generalize and support these results in patients with HSP and a variety conditions, and to understand the mechanism of rESWT for treating HSP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sahmyook Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Hwan
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2795-945X
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sahmyook Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kang Wook
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0216-0871
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sahmyook Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yun Hee
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1629-9310
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sahmyook Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Pyong-Hwa
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8778-8184
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Seol
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sahmyook Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho-Jun
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7667-8051
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sahmyook Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Wan
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5996-3544
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sahmyook Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Byung-Ju
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0109-9885
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Ryu
keywords: Hemiplegia; High-energy shock waves; Shoulder pain; Stroke; Visual analog scale