title: Congestive heart failure caused by transvenous pacemaker lead prolapse and associated right ventricular outflow tract obstruction in a dog.
abstract: A 16-year-old dog was presented for cough as well as increased respiratory rate and effort three years after implantation of a single-lead transvenous artificial pacemaker system. Thoracic radiographs and echocardiography disclosed prolapse of the pacemaker lead into the main pulmonary artery, causing severe pulmonary insufficiency and right-sided volume overload. Repositioning of the pacemaker lead led to improvement of pulmonary insufficiency and resolution of the dog's clinical signs and cavitary effusions. This case describes a late complication of pacemaker implantation that may be avoided by appropriate use of the manufacturer-provided anchoring sleeve and avoidance of excessive lead redundancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 501 D.W. Books Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Djani
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 501 D.W. Books Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA. Electronic address: mericksn@uga.edu.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 501 D.W. Books Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Rapoport
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 501 D.W. Books Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Schmiedt
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 501 D.W. Books Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Layher
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 501 D.W. Books Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Thomason
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D004285:Dogs; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000662:veterinary; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D011391:Prolapse; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000473:pathology; D014694:Ventricular Outflow Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*
keywords: Canine; Complication; Interventional cardiology; Migration