title: Protective effect of urapidil on testicular torsion-detorsion injury in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of urapidil and low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) on testicular torsion-detorsion injury in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. In the torsion-detorsion (T/D) group, the left testis was twisted at 720° for 3 h. After 3 h of reperfusion, the testis was removed. Urapidil or LMWH was administered intraperitoneally 30 min before detorsion in the treatment groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Unilateral testicular torsion-detorsion caused significant increases in the malondialdehyde level and apoptosis and significant decreases in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in ipsilateral testes (p < 0.001). The rats treated with urapidil had a significant decrease in the malondialdehyde level and apoptosis and significant increases in the SOD and GPx activities in ipsilateral testes compared to the T/D group (p < 0.001). Animals treated with LMWH showed non-significant reductions in malondialdehyde levels and apoptosis compared to the T/D group. In addition, no significant difference in the SOD activities (p = 0.52) between the groups was found. The increase in the GPx activities was significant in the LMWH group compared to the T/D group (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The administration of urapidil before detorsion prevents ischemia/reperfusion cellular damage in testicular tissue. LMWH was not found to have a beneficial effect on testicular T/D injury in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Split University Hospital Centre and Split University School of Medicine, Spinčićeva 1, 21 000, Split, Croatia.
authors.forename: Jakov
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meštrović
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Split University Hospital Centre and Split University School of Medicine, Spinčićeva 1, 21 000, Split, Croatia. zpogorelic@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Zenon
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pogorelić
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Split School of Medicine, Spinčićeva 1, 21 000, Split, Croatia.|Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Cytology, Split University Hospital Centre and Split University School of Medicine, Spinčićeva 1, 21 000, Split, Croatia.
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Drmić-Hofman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Cytology, Split University Hospital Centre and Split University School of Medicine, Spinčićeva 1, 21 000, Split, Croatia.
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vilović
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Split University Hospital Centre and Split University School of Medicine, Spinčićeva 1, 21 000, Split, Croatia.
authors.forename: Davor
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Todorić
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Cytology, Split University Hospital Centre and Split University School of Medicine, Spinčićeva 1, 21 000, Split, Croatia.
authors.forename: Marijana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Popović
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D010879:Piperazines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013086:Spermatic Cord Torsion / Q000150:complications*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D010879:Piperazines; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C015568:urapidil; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Apoptosis; Glutathione peroxidase; Ischemia–reperfusion damage; Low-molecular weight heparin; Malondialdehyde; Superoxide dismutase; Testicular torsion; Urapidil