title: Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas9 Genetic Engineering: Robotic Genetic Surgery.
abstract: As a novel technology that utilizes the endogenous immune defense system in bacteria, CRISPR/Cas9 has transcended DNA engineering into a more pragmatic and clinically efficacious field. Using programmable sgRNA sequences and nucleases, the system effectively introduces double strand breaks in target genes within an entire organism. The applications of CRISPR range from biomedicine to drug development and epigenetic modification. Studies have demonstrated CRISPR mediated targeting of various tumorigenic genes and effector proteins known to be involved in colon carcinomas. This technology significantly expands the scope of gene manipulation and allows for an enhanced modeling of colon cancers, as well as various other malignancies.
authors.affiliation: College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
authors.forename: Kaivalya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deshpande
authors.affiliation: College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
authors.forename: Arpita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vyas
authors.affiliation: College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
authors.forename: Archana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balakrishnan
authors.affiliation: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Department of Surgery, 61391 ODE Surgery.
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vyas
keywords: Biotechnology; CRISPR/Cas9; DNA Engineering; Genetics; Robotics