title: Fabrication of Fucoxanthin-Loaded Microsphere(F-LM) By Two Steps Double-Emulsion Solvent Evaporation Method and Characterization of Fucoxanthin before and after Microencapsulation.
abstract: Microencapsulation is a promising approach in drug delivery to protect the drug from degradation and allow controlled release of the drug in the body. Fucoxanthin-loaded microsphere (F-LM) was fabricated by two step w/o/w double emulsion solvent evaporation method with poly (L-lactic-coglycolic acid) (PLGA) as carrier. The effect of four types of surfactants (PVA, Tween-20, Span-20 and SDS), homogenization speed, and concentration of PLGA polymer and surfactant (PVA), respectively, on particle size and morphology of F-LM were investigated. Among the surfactants tested, PVA showed the best results with smallest particle size (9.18 µm) and a smooth spherical surface. Increasing the homogenization speed resulted in a smaller mean F-LM particle size [d(0.50)] from 17.12 to 9.18 µm. Best particle size results and good morphology were attained at homogenization speed of 20 500 rpm. Meanwhile, increased PLGA concentration from 1.5 to 11.0 (% w/v) resulted in increased F-LM particle size. The mean particle size [d(0.5)] of F-LM increased from 3.93 to 11.88 µm. At 6.0 (% w/v) PLGA, F-LM showed the best structure and external morphology. Finally, increasing PVA concentration from 0.5 to 3.5 (% w/v) resulted in decreased particle size from 9.18 to 4.86 µm. Fucoxanthin characterization before and after microencapsulation was carried out to assess the success of the microencapsulation procedure. Thermo gravimetry analysis (TGA), glass transition (Tg) temperature of F-LM and fucoxanthin measured using DSC, ATR-FTIR and XRD indicated that fucoxanthin was successfully encapsulated into the PLGA matrix, while maintaining the structural and chemical integrity of fucoxanthin.
authors.affiliation: Bioprocess and Molecular Engineering Research Unit (BPMERU), Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM).
authors.forename: Dedi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Noviendri
authors.forename: Irwandi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jaswir
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taher
authors.forename: Farahidah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.forename: Hamzah Mohd
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Salleh
authors.forename: Ibrahim Ali
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Noorbatcha
authors.forename: Fitri
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Octavianti
authors.forename: Widya
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lestari
authors.forename: Ridar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hendri
authors.forename: Hasna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyashita
authors.forename: Alias
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdullah
mesh_terms: D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D004339:Drug Compounding; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D008863:Microspheres; D010316:Particle Size; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D014835:Volatilization; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D012997:Solvents; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D024341:Xanthophylls; C025164:fucoxanthin; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid