title: Effective Parenting Interventions to Reduce Youth Substance Use: A Systematic Review.
abstract: Parenting interventions may prevent adolescent substance use; however, questions remain regarding the effectiveness of interventions across substances and delivery qualities contributing to successful intervention outcomes.
  
  
  
  To describe the effectiveness of parent-focused interventions in reducing or preventing adolescent tobacco, alcohol, and illicit substance use and to identify optimal intervention targeted participants, dosage, settings, and delivery methods.
  
  
  
  PubMed, PsycINFO, ERIC, and CINAHL.
  
  
  
  Randomized controlled trials reporting adolescent substance use outcomes, focusing on imparting parenting knowledge, skills, practices, or behaviors.
  
  
  
  Trained researchers extracted data from each article using a standardized, prepiloted form. Because of study heterogeneity, a qualitative technique known as harvest plots was used to summarize findings.
  
  
  
  A total of 42 studies represented by 66 articles met inclusion criteria. Results indicate that parenting interventions are effective at preventing and decreasing adolescent tobacco, alcohol, and illicit substance use over the short and long term. The majority of effective interventions required ≤12 contact hours and were implemented through in-person sessions including parents and youth. Evidence for computer-based delivery was strong only for alcohol use prevention. Few interventions were delivered outside of school or home settings.
  
  
  
  Overall risk of bias is high.
  
  
  
  This review suggests that relatively low-intensity group parenting interventions are effective at reducing or preventing adolescent substance use and that protection may persist for multiple years. There is a need for additional evidence in clinical and other community settings using an expanded set of delivery methods.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Family Medicine and Community Health, and miallen@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Michele L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.affiliation: Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota; School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; and.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Garcia-Huidobro
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health and Systems, School of Nursing, and.
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Porta
authors.affiliation: Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota;
authors.forename: Dorothy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Curran
authors.affiliation: Departments of Family Medicine and Community Health, and.
authors.forename: Roma
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota;
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Borowsky
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D006801:Humans; D016487:Parenting; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control*