title: Draft genome sequence of an inbred line of Chenopodium quinoa, an allotetraploid crop with great environmental adaptability and outstanding nutritional properties.
abstract: Chenopodium quinoa Willd. (quinoa) originated from the Andean region of South America, and is a pseudocereal crop of the Amaranthaceae family. Quinoa is emerging as an important crop with the potential to contribute to food security worldwide and is considered to be an optimal food source for astronauts, due to its outstanding nutritional profile and ability to tolerate stressful environments. Furthermore, plant pathologists use quinoa as a representative diagnostic host to identify virus species. However, molecular analysis of quinoa is limited by its genetic heterogeneity due to outcrossing and its genome complexity derived from allotetraploidy. To overcome these obstacles, we established the inbred and standard quinoa accession Kd that enables rigorous molecular analysis, and presented the draft genome sequence of Kd, using an optimized combination of high-throughput next generation sequencing on the Illumina Hiseq 2500 and PacBio RS II sequencers. The de novo genome assembly contained 25 k scaffolds consisting of 1 Gbp with N50 length of 86 kbp. Based on these data, we constructed the free-access Quinoa Genome DataBase (QGDB). Thus, these findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying agronomically important traits of quinoa and the effect of allotetraploidy on genome evolution.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan yasyas@kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp mori@ishikawa-pu.ac.jp yasuf@affrc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.affiliation: Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirakawa
authors.affiliation: Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oikawa
authors.affiliation: Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan.
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toyoshima
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Gene Function, Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan.
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matsuzaki
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.affiliation: Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagatoshi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Gene Function, Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.affiliation: Technology Development Group, Actree Co., Hakusan, Ishikawa 924-0053, Japan.
authors.forename: Manami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyago
authors.affiliation: Technology Development Group, Actree Co., Hakusan, Ishikawa 924-0053, Japan.
authors.forename: Kojiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mise
authors.affiliation: Technology Development Group, Actree Co., Hakusan, Ishikawa 924-0053, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Technology Development Group, Actree Co., Hakusan, Ishikawa 924-0053, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroharu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mizukoshi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Gene Function, Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan yasyas@kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp mori@ishikawa-pu.ac.jp yasuf@affrc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan yasyas@kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp mori@ishikawa-pu.ac.jp yasuf@affrc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Yasunari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujita
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D027465:Chenopodium quinoa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D018745:Genome, Plant; D007178:Inbreeding; D009753:Nutritive Value; D000069600:Plant Breeding; D057891:Tetraploidy
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant
keywords: Chenopodium quinoa; NGS; draft genome; inbred accession