title: Exposure reduces negative bias in self-rated performance in public speaking fearful participants.
abstract: Individuals with public speaking anxiety (PSA) under-rate their performance compared to objective observers. The present study examined whether exposure reduces the discrepancy between self and observer performance ratings and improved observer-rated performance in individuals with PSA.
  
  
  
  PSA participants gave a speech in front of a small audience and rated their performance using a questionnaire before and after completing repeated exposures to public speaking. Non-anxious control participants gave a speech and completed the questionnaire one time only. Objective observers watched videos of the speeches and rated performance using the same questionnaire.
  
  
  
  PSA participants underrated their performance to a greater degree than did controls prior to exposure, but also performed significantly more poorly than did controls when rated objectively. Bias significantly decreased and objective-rated performance significantly increased following completion of exposure in PSA participants, and on one performance measure, anxious participants no longer showed a greater discrepancy between self and observer performance ratings compared to controls.
  
  
  
  The study employed non-clinical student sample, but the results should be replicated in clinical anxiety samples.
  
  
  
  These findings indicate that exposure alone significantly reduces negative performance bias among PSA individuals, but additional exposure or additional interventions may be necessary to fully correct bias and performance deficits.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, United States. Electronic address: chengdy@ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, United States. Electronic address: craske@psych.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Michelle G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Craske
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, United States. Electronic address: aniles@ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Andrea N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Niles
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015982:Bias; D059026:Diagnostic Self Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007171:Implosive Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013060:Speech; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cognitive bias; Exposure; Public speaking anxiety; Self and observer discrepancy