title: Serum uric acid and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are independent predictors of coronary artery disease in Asian Indian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to identify the predictors of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  About fifty Asian Indian patients with type 2 DM patients aged >40 years and fifty sex- and age-matched nondiabetic controls were enrolled for this study. Following complete medical history and baseline clinical data, laboratory investigations were performed to assess fasting and postprandial plasma glucose levels, lipid profile, blood urea, serum creatinine, and serum uric acid levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, serum uric acid, serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, very LDL cholesterol were significantly higher among diabetic patients compared to controls. On univariate analysis, serum LDL cholesterol (odds ratio [OR]: 29.67, P < 0.001), serum uric acid (OR: 25.65, P < 0.001), low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (OR: 21.12, P < 0.001), hypertension (OR: 17.06, P < 0.001), family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (OR: 9.43, P = 0.002), and duration of diabetes (OR: 4.65, P = 0.03) were identified as predictors of CVD among diabetic patients. On multivariate regression, only LDL cholesterol (OR: 1.51, P = 0.002) and serum uric acid (OR: 1.21, P = 0.01) were the independent predictors of CAD among diabetic patients. Significant positive correlation of serum uric acid with duration of diabetes (r = 0.38, P = 0.006), BMI (r = 0.35, P = 0.01), triglycerides (r = 0.356, P = 0.01), LDL cholesterol (r = 0.38, P = 0.007), HDL cholesterol (r = -0.514, P < 0.001), and hypertension (r = 0.524, P < 0.001) was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum LDL cholesterol and hyperuricemia may serve as independent predictors of CAD among Asian Indian subjects with type 2 DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Nallurhalli, Whitefield, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Jayashankar
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine, St John's Hospital, Kattappana, Idukki, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Henley Punnen
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Nallurhalli, Whitefield, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.lastname: Vijayasarathi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Nallurhalli, Whitefield, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Venkata BharatKumar
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Pinnelli
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Nallurhalli, Whitefield, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Basappaji
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shashidharan
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Nallurhalli, Whitefield, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Nithin Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Nallurhalli, Whitefield, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Swaapnika
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vemulapalli
keywords: Coronary artery disease; cardiovascular disease; hyperuricemia; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; type 2 diabetes mellitus