title: Fully-Automated High-Throughput NMR System for Screening of Haploid Kernels of Maize (Corn) by Measurement of Oil Content.
abstract: One of the modern crop breeding techniques uses doubled haploid plants that contain an identical pair of chromosomes in order to accelerate the breeding process. Rapid haploid identification method is critical for large-scale selections of double haploids. The conventional methods based on the color of the endosperm and embryo seeds are slow, manual and prone to error. On the other hand, there exists a significant difference between diploid and haploid seeds generated by high oil inducer, which makes it possible to use oil content to identify the haploid. This paper describes a fully-automated high-throughput NMR screening system for maize haploid kernel identification. The system is comprised of a sampler unit to select a single kernel to feed for measurement of NMR and weight, and a kernel sorter to distribute the kernel according to the measurement result. Tests of the system show a consistent accuracy of 94% with an average screening time of 4 seconds per kernel. Field test result is described and the directions for future improvement are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science, Shanghai, China.|Shanghai Key Laboratory of magnetic resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hongzhi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Maize Improvement Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Qingming
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Shanshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of magnetic resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Peiqiang
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: National Maize Improvement Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shaojiang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Schlumberger-Doll Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America and Mass General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Yiqiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D057205:Automation, Laboratory; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006238:Haploidy; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D010641:Phenotype; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012639:Seeds; D012984:Software; D014867:Water; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D010938:Plant Oils; D014867:Water