title: Age- and Sex-Related Normative Data for the Foot Function Index in a German-Speaking Cohort.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite increasing popularity of the Foot Function Index (FFI), normative values are still unavailable for this self-administered score. This study was designed to generate age- and sex-related normative values for the FFI-total and for both subscales FFI-pain and FFI-disability.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the cross-cultural adapted and validated German version of the FFI to generate a data pool using the results of 625 individuals, including staff and visitors to our hospital and excluding persons scheduled for foot surgery or in after-treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean values for FFI-total were calculated: 15.3 points (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.3-16.9), 14.9 points for FFI-pain (CI, 13.3-16.5), and 15.6 for FFI-disability (CI, 13.8-17.4). Results showed higher values for FFI-total, FFI-pain, and FFI-disability for individuals older than 40 years. In general, normative values showed a tendency for higher values with age. A slightly inconsistent distribution over different age groups with a peak for individuals in their 40s and 50s was observed, especially for FFI-pain. Men had better scores than women. Individuals with previous surgery showed lower scores in their respective score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data calculated normative values for a German-speaking cohort for FFI-total as well as for both subscales FFI-pain and FFI-disability. Our data quantified the increase of FFI-total, FFI-pain, and FFI-disability normative values with age but also showed a slightly inconsistent distribution of normative values over all age groups. We demonstrated higher normative values for women and slightly higher normative values for individuals with previous foot or ankle surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  II, prospective comparative study.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Department, Herz Jesu-Hospital, Wien/Vienna, Austria wolfgang.schneider@kh-herzjesu.at.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Department, Herz Jesu-Hospital, Wien/Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jurenitsch
mesh_terms: D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005528:Foot / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000145:classification*; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D010146:Pain / Q000145:classification / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards
keywords: assessment; disability; pain; patient-reported outcome measure