title: Trends in Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among Persons With HIV in New York City, 2001-2012.
abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become more prominent among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. The extent to which CVD mortality rates are changing is unclear.
  
  
  
  We analyzed surveillance data for all persons aged ≥13 years with HIV infection between 2001 and 2012 reported to the New York City HIV Surveillance Registry. We examined age-specific and age-standardized mortality rates due to major CVDs. We compared mortality time trends among persons with HIV with the general population, and examined differences among HIV-infected persons by RNA level.
  
  
  
  There were 29 588 deaths reported among 145 845 HIV-infected persons. Ten percent of deaths were attributed to CVD as the underlying cause, including chronic ischemic heart disease (42% of CVD deaths), hypertensive diseases (27%), and cerebrovascular diseases (10%). While proportionate mortality due to CVD among persons with HIV increased (6% in 2001 to 15% in 2012, P < .001), the CVD mortality rate decreased from 5.1 to 2.7 per 1000 person-years. After controlling for sex, race/ethnicity, borough of residence, and year, those with HIV had significantly higher CVD mortality than the general population in all age groups through age 65. The CVD mortality rate was highest among viremic persons (adjusted rate ratio [RR], 3.53 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 3.21-3.87]) but still elevated among virally suppressed (<400 copies/mL) persons (adjusted RR, 1.53 [95% CI, 1.41-1.66]) compared with the general population.
  
  
  
  Our findings support continued emphasis by HIV care providers on both viremic control and preventive measures including smoking cessation, blood pressure control, and lipid management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health.
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.affiliation: Department of Bureau of HIV Prevention and Control.
authors.forename: Chitra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ramaswamy
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health.
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health.|Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx.
authors.forename: Jorge R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kizer
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health.|Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx.
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anastos
authors.affiliation: Department of Bureau of HIV Prevention and Control.
authors.forename: Demetre
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Daskalakis
authors.affiliation: Department of Office of Vital Statistics, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, New York.
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.affiliation: Department of Bureau of HIV Prevention and Control.
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Braunstein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000266:history / Q000401:mortality*; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: HIV infection; cardiovascular disease; mortality; surveillance; viral load