title: Effect of Inula viscosa on the pellicle's protective properties and initial bioadhesion in-situ.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present in situ study investigated the effect of Inula viscosa tea on the pellicle's acid protective properties and on initial oral biofilm formation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biofilm formation was performed on bovine enamel slabs on individual maxillary splints. Following 1min of pellicle formation, eight subjects rinsed for 10min with Inula viscosa tea and the splints remained for 8h intraorally. Samples carried after 1-min rinsing with CHX (0.2%) or without rinse served as controls. BacLight™ staining, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)-staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used for fluorescence microscopic detection of adherent bacteria. For investigation of acid protective properties, three subjects rinsed for 10min with Inula viscosa tea after 1min pellicle formation and kept the splints intraorally for further 19min. Physiological 30-min pellicles and native enamel samples served as controls. After HCl incubation of the samples ex-vivo over 120s (pH 2.0, 2.3, 3.0) calcium- and phosphate release were quantified photometrically. Potential influences on the pellicle's ultrastructure by Inula viscosa tea were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Application of Inula viscosa tea yielded a significant reduction of adherent bacteria on all enamel samples as detected by fluorescence microscopy. For calcium- and phosphate release no significant effect was recorded. TEM investigation indicated a modification of the pellicle's ultrastructure, but no enhanced protection against erosive noxae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rinsing with Inula viscosa tea influences the bacterial colonization on enamel in situ over 8h but has no impact on acid protective properties of the pellicle.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. Electronic address: susann.hertel@uniklinikum-dresden.de.
authors.forename: Susann
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hertel
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. Electronic address: leif.g@gmx.de.
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Graffy
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. Electronic address: sandra.poetschke@uniklinikum-dresden.de.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pötschke
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. Electronic address: sabine.basche@uniklinikum-dresden.de.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basche
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany. Electronic address: ali.al-ahmad@uniklinik-freiburg.de.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany. Electronic address: zmksek@uks.eu.
authors.forename: Wiebke
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hoth-Hannig
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany. Electronic address: matthias.hannig@uniklinikum-saarland.de.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hannig
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. Electronic address: christian.hannig@uniklinikum-dresden.de.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hannig
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002417:Cattle; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects; D044622:Dental Pellicle / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007211:Indoles; D038143:Inula; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; C007293:DAPI
keywords: Bioadhesion; Biofilm; Erosion; Inula viscosa; Pellicle