title: Secondary Metabolites, Glandular Trichomes and Biological Activity of Sideritis montana L. subsp. montana from Central Italy.
abstract: Sideritis montana subsp. montana is a small annual herb occurring in countries bordering the Mediterranean and Balkan regions. The secondary metabolism of this plant has not been fully explored so far. The aim of the present study was to understand the complex mixture of secondary metabolites and the type of secretory structures. The polar constituents were isolated by column chromatography from the ethanolic extract, and their structure was elucidated by NMR and MS. The essential oil was isolated by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC/MS. The plant indumentum was studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. To complete the work, the essential oil antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity on tumor cells were evaluated by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and MTT methods. Four different classes of secondary metabolites were isolated, namely flavonoids, caffeoylquinic derivatives, glycosidic hydroquinones and iridoids. The essential oil was mainly characterized by sesquiterpenene hydrocarbons. Peltate and long-capitate hairs were the main sites where terpenes and polar constituents are produced. The secondary metabolites found in S. montana subsp. montana are of chemotaxonomic interest, some of them being typical of the genus Sideritis. The trichomes types observed partially differ from those described in other members of the genus Sideritis. The essential oil showed noteworthy inhibition on tumor cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, IT-00185, Rome.|Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, IT-00185, Rome.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Venditti
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, IT-00185, Rome.
authors.forename: Armandodoriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bianco
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, IT-00185, Rome.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Frezza
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, IT-00185, Rome.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serafini
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, IT-00185, Rome.
authors.forename: Ginevra
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giacomello
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, IT-20133, Milan.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giuliani
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, IT-62032, Camerino.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bramucci
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, IT-62032, Camerino.
authors.forename: Luana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Quassinti
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, IT-62032, Camerino.
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lupidi
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Pontoni 5, IT-62032, Camerino.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lucarini
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, via Sant'Agostino 1, IT-62032, Camerino.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Papa
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, IT-62032, Camerino. filippo.maggi@unicam.it.
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maggi
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D064210:Secondary Metabolism; D031365:Sideritis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D064201:Trichomes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D009822:Oils, Volatile
keywords: Biological activities; Essential oil; Glandular trichomes; Polar constituents; Sideritis montana subsp. montana