title: Minding the Gaps: Assessing Communication Outcomes of Electronic Preconsultation Exchange.
abstract: Effective communication between referring and specialty providers is key to optimizing patient safety. Communication was assessed in an electronic referral system by review of referrals to a public urban health care system's gastroenterology clinic that were not scheduled for appointments.
  
  
  
  All electronic referrals to a publicly funded, urban health care system's adult gastroenterology clinic from November 1, 2009, to November 30, 2010, were reviewed that did not result in scheduling of appointments. An assessment was made of whether in-person visits were unnecessary by preconsultation exchange or whether the referrals remained unscheduled for other reasons. For the latter group, reasons why the referrals remained unscheduled were examined, and medical records were reviewed for actual patient harm when sufficient information was present in the chart or for potential harm when no further information about the referral complaint was available.
  
  
  
  Eighty-six (32%) of 266 not-scheduled referrals were resolved via preconsultation exchange. For another 96 (36%), patients were not ultimately considered to require appointments or were scheduled via other routes. Nine patients received unplanned care while awaiting scheduling decisions, 5 of whom had harm that was related to referral complaints, although scheduling of appointments may not have avoided this harm. Of 75 patients for whom further information was not available about the referral complaints, most were not seen back in primary care, and 55 (73%) had potential for major harm.
  
  
  
  Few adverse outcomes in electronic referrals not scheduled for in-person gastroenterology visits were found, and none were clearly due to communication lapses in the referral process. Contributors to the potential for harm in referrals that were unintentionally left unscheduled included discontinuity of care and lack of patient or provider follow-up.
authors.affiliation: San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center (SFVAMC), USA.
authors.forename: Erika Leemann
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Justin L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sewell
authors.forename: Alice Hm
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Urmimala
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sarkar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001071:Appointments and Schedules; D057286:Electronic Health Records; D005260:Female; D005762:Gastroenterology; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011320:Primary Health Care; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012495:San Francisco; D013038:Specialization