title: Host choice, settling and folding leaf behaviors of the larval rice leaf folder under heat stress.
abstract: Extreme high-temperature events are the key factor to determine population dynamics of the rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée), in summer. Although we know that adult of this insect can migrate to avoid heat stress, the behavioral response of larva to high temperature is still unclear. Therefore, impacts of high temperature on behavioral traits of C. medinalis including host choice, settling and folding leaf were observed. The results revealed that these behavioral traits were clearly influenced by high temperature. The larvae preferred maize leaves rather than rice and wheat at normal temperature of 27°C, but larvae experienced a higher temperature of 37 or 40°C for 4 h preferred rice leaves rather than maize and wheat. Capacity of young larvae to find host leaves or settle on the upper surface of leaves significantly reduced when they were treated by high temperature. High temperature of 40°C reduced the leaf-folding capacity of the third instar larvae, but no effects were observed on the fourth and fifth instar larvae. Short-term heat acclimation could not improve the capacity of the third instar larvae to make leaf fold under 40°C.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests,Ministry of Education,Department of Entomology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bodlah
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests,Ministry of Education,Department of Entomology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China.
authors.forename: A-X
authors.initials: AX
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests,Ministry of Education,Department of Entomology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China.
authors.forename: X-D
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D018869:Heat-Shock Response; D007814:Larva / Q000502:physiology; D009036:Moths / Q000502:physiology*; D012275:Oryza; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013696:Temperature; D003313:Zea mays
keywords: 
                 Cnaphalocrocis medinalis
              ; high temperature; host preference; leaf-folding behavior