title: Assessing electron beam sensitivity for SrTiO3 and La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 using electron energy loss spectroscopy.
abstract: Thresholds for beam damage have been assessed for La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 and SrTiO3 as a function of electron probe current and exposure time at 80 and 200kV acceleration voltage. The materials were exposed to an intense electron probe by aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) with simultaneous acquisition of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) data. Electron beam damage was identified by changes of the core loss fine structure after quantification by a refined and improved model based approach. At 200kV acceleration voltage, damage in SrTiO3 was identified by changes both in the EEL fine structure and by contrast changes in the STEM images. However, the changes in the STEM image contrast as introduced by minor damage can be difficult to detect under several common experimental conditions. No damage was observed in SrTiO3 at 80kV acceleration voltage, independent of probe current and exposure time. In La0.7Sr0.3MnO3, beam damage was observed at both 80 and 200kV acceleration voltages. This damage was observed by large changes in the EEL fine structure, but not by any detectable changes in the STEM images. The typical method to validate if damage has been introduced during acquisitions is to compare STEM images prior to and after spectroscopy. Quantifications in this work show that this method possibly can result in misinterpretation of beam damage as changes of material properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway. Electronic address: magnunor@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nord
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway; Materials and Chemistry, SINTEF, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Per Erik
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Vullum
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hallsteinsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tybell
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Randi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Holmestad
keywords: Beam damage; Electron energy loss spectroscopy; Model based approach; Perovskite oxide; Quantification; STEM