title: The Western dietary pattern is associated with increased serum concentrations of free estradiol in postmenopausal women: implications for breast cancer prevention.
abstract: Little is known about the possible influence of food consumption on the serum concentrations of endogenous sex hormones in postmenopausal women. We evaluated the relationships of the Western dietary pattern with serum concentrations of free estradiol and testosterone of postmenopausal women to test the hypothesis that a highly Western dietary pattern is associated with high serum concentrations of these hormones. We used data from a representative subsample of 305 women from the control group of a population-based case-control study conducted in Mexico from 2004 to 2007. A Western dietary pattern index value was compared with log natural serum concentrations of testosterone and estradiol using multiple linear regression models. The median values of serum concentrations of free estradiol and testosterone were 0.26 pg/mL (interquartile range, 0.14-0.43) and 0.40 pg/mL (interquartile range, 0.30-0.70), respectively. A multiple linear regression model showed that for each unit increase in the Western dietary pattern index, there was a 16.2% increase in the serum concentrations of free estradiol (β=0.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01-0.29); for each additional serving per week of chicken eggs, the increase was 31.0% (β=0.27; 95% CI, 0.106-0.441); for each additional serving per week of red meat, the increase was 64.9% (β=0.50; 95% CI, 0.01-1.01). There was no relationship found between dietary patterns and serum concentrations of free testosterone. The present findings suggest that intake of a Western diet, particularly of chicken eggs and meat, increases serum concentrations of free estradiol; these results have implications for breast cancer prevention.
authors.affiliation: Population Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlán CP 62100.
authors.forename: Luisa María
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Zamorano
authors.affiliation: Population Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlán CP 62100.
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Flores-Luna
authors.affiliation: Population Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlán CP 62100.
authors.forename: Angélica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Angeles-Llerenas
authors.affiliation: Population Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlán CP 62100.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ortega-Olvera
authors.affiliation: Population Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlán CP 62100.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lazcano-Ponce
authors.affiliation: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 cours Albert Thomas 69372, Lyon, Cedex, 08, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Romieu
authors.affiliation: Mexican Institute of Social Security, Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala Hospital for Gynecology and Obstetrics # 4, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mainero-Ratchelous
authors.affiliation: Population Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlán CP 62100. Electronic address: gtorres@insp.mx.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Torres-Mejía
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002645:Chickens; D066273:Diet, Western / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004531:Eggs; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood*; D000069466:Red Meat; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol
keywords: Chicken eggs; Estradiol; Postmenopausal women; Red meat; Serum sex hormones; Testosterone; Western dietary pattern