title: Temporal changes in physiological parameters of systemic inflammatory response syndrome during the three days prior to a diagnosis of sepsis: a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to determine temporal patterns of early changes in physiological parameters of systemic inflammatory response syndrome over three days prior to a diagnosis of sepsis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Early detection and timely management of systemic inflammatory response syndrome are often not implemented due to a failure to recognise or diagnose systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case-control study design was adopted.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 81 study subjects in an intensive care unit were included: 33 case subjects who received a definitive diagnosis of sepsis and 48 control patients who were not diagnosed with systemic inflammatory response syndrome or sepsis. Vital signs (temperatures, heart rates, blood pressures and respiratory rates) and white blood cell count, urine output, serum creatinine concentration, platelet count and serum glucose level data were collected for one, two and three days prior to sepsis diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Homogeneity test revealed greater proportions of the aged and subjects with diabetes mellitus, hypertension and wound in the case group. Analysis also showed significant intergroup differences in systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria score, heart rates, platelet counts and blood glucose levels, but no intergroup differences in body temperatures, blood pressures, respiratory rates, urine outputs or serum creatinine levels. A larger proportion of case subjects were fitted with a central venous or Foley catheter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of a wound, hypertension or diabetes mellitus, and the use of an invasive medical device may increase the risk of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Of the physiological parameters examined, heart rate, platelet counts, and blood glucose levels might serve as significant early signs of systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Caution should be observed whenever diabetic or hypertension patients develop sudden and persistent hyperglycaemia or tachycardia, and nurses should also be aware of the potential for systemic inflammatory response syndrome in patients with a central venous or indwelling urinary catheter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: HyunSoo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.|Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: EunKyoung
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.|Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: SeonYoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.|Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: JiHye
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.|Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: SunYoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Inha University, Incheon, Korea. wschang@inha.ac.kr.
authors.forename: WhaSook
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Seo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003422:Critical Care; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010976:Platelet Count; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: physiological parameters; sepsis; systemic inflammatory response syndrome; vital sign