title: Altered expression of the tachykinins substance P/neurokinin A/hemokinin-1 and their preferred neurokinin 1/neurokinin 2 receptors in uterine leiomyomata.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the expression levels of tachykinins and tachykinin receptors in uterine leiomyomas and matched myometrium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University research laboratories and academic hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women undergoing hysterectomy for symptomatic leiomyomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and Western blot.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression and tissue immunostaining of substance P, neurokinin A, hemokinin-1, neurokinin 1 receptor full-length (NK1R-Fl) and truncated (NK1R-Tr) isoforms, and neurokinin 2 receptor (NK2R) in paired samples of leiomyoma and adjacent normal myometrium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TAC1 messenger RNA (mRNA) was significantly up-regulated in leiomyomas, whereas intense immunoreaction for the three peptides was particularly abundant in connective tissue cells. Differential regulation of TACR1 mRNA was observed, and at the protein level there was a significant increased expression of NK1R short isoform (NK1R-Tr). TACR2 mRNA was significantly up-regulated in leiomyomas, although levels of NK2R protein were similar in normal and tumor cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These and our previous data demonstrate that the whole tachykinin system is differentially regulated in leiomyomas. The increased expression of NK1R-Tr might stimulate leiomyoma growth in a similar way to that observed in other steroid-dependent tumors.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ofra s/n, Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Ayoze
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González-Santana
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ofra s/n, Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marrero-Hernández
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Idaira
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dorta
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Instituto de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco María
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ofra s/n, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Delia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Báez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Instituto de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Aixa R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Bello
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Luz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Candenas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Instituto de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Electronic address: tacosalm@ull.edu.es.
authors.forename: Teresa A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Almeida
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D015153:Blotting, Western; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D015288:Neurokinin A / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018040:Receptors, Neurokinin-1 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D018041:Receptors, Neurokinin-2 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013373:Substance P / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D015320:Tachykinins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018040:Receptors, Neurokinin-1; D018041:Receptors, Neurokinin-2; C486037:TAC4 protein, human; D015320:Tachykinins; D013373:Substance P; D015288:Neurokinin A
keywords: Leiomyomas; NK1 receptor short isoform; myometrium; tachykinin receptors; tachykinins