title: Differential diagnosis of breast masses in South Korean premenopausal women using diffuse optical spectroscopic imaging.
abstract: Young patients with dense breasts have a relatively low-positive biopsy rate for breast cancer (∼1 in 7). South Korean women have higher breast density than Westerners. We investigated the benefit of using a functional and metabolic imaging technique, diffuse optical spectroscopic imaging (DOSI), to help the standard of care imaging tools to distinguish benign from malignant lesions in premenopausal Korean women. DOSI uses near-infrared light to measure breast tissue composition by quantifying tissue concentrations of water (ctH2O), bulk lipid (ctLipid), deoxygenated (ctHHb), and oxygenated (ctHbO2) hemoglobin. DOSI spectral signatures specific to abnormal tissue and absent in healthy tissue were also used to form a malignancy index. This study included 19 premenopausal subjects (average age 41±9), corresponding to 11 benign and 10 malignant lesions. Elevated lesion to normal ratio of ctH2O, ctHHb, ctHbO2, total hemoglobin (THb=ctHHb+ctHbO2), and tissue optical index (ctHHb×ctH2O/ctLipid) were observed in the malignant lesions compared to the benign lesions (p<0.02). THb and malignancy index were the two best single predictors of malignancy, with >90% sensitivity and specificity. Malignant lesions showed significantly higher metabolism and perfusion than benign lesions. DOSI spectral features showed high discriminatory power for distinguishing malignant and benign lesions in dense breasts of the Korean population.
authors.affiliation: University of California Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, California 92612, United States.
authors.forename: Anaïs
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leproux
authors.affiliation: Dankook University College of Medicine, Beckman Laser Institute Korea, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Republic of KoreacDankook University College of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Dankook University Hospital, 201 Manghyang-ro.
authors.forename: You Me
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Dankook University College of Medicine, Beckman Laser Institute Korea, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Republic of KoreadDankook University College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam.
authors.forename: Jun Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: University of California Irvine, Department of Epidemiology, 1 Medical Plaza Drive, Irvine, California 92697-7550, United StatesfUniversity of California Irvine, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Drive South, Ora.
authors.forename: Christine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: McLaren
authors.affiliation: University of California Irvine, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Drive South, Orange, California 92868, United States.
authors.forename: Wen-Pin
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: University of California Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, California 92612, United States.
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.affiliation: Dankook University College of Medicine, Beckman Laser Institute Korea, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Republic of KoreagDankook University College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheon.
authors.forename: Seung-Ha
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Dankook University College of Medicine, Beckman Laser Institute Korea, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Republic of KoreahDankook University College of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 29-1 Anseo-dong, Ch.
authors.forename: Phil-Sang
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: University of California Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, California 92612, United States.
authors.forename: Bruce J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Tromberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001940:Breast / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared