title: Assessment risk of osteoporosis in Chinese people: relationship among body mass index, serum lipid profiles, blood glucose, and bone mineral density.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship among age, sex, body mass index (BMI), serum lipid profiles, blood glucose (BG), and bone mineral density (BMD), making an assessment of the risk of osteoporosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1,035 male and 3,953 female healthy volunteers (aged 41-95 years) were recruited by an open invitation. The basic information, including age, sex, height, weight, waistline, hipline, menstrual cycle, and medical history, were collected by a questionnaire survey and physical examination. Serum lipid profiles, BG, postprandial blood glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin were obtained after 12 hours fasting. BMD in lumbar spine was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The age-adjusted BMD in females was significantly lower than in males. With aging, greater differences of BMD distribution exist in elderly females than in males (P<0.001), and the fastigium of bone mass loss was in the age range from 51 to 55 in females and from 61 to 65 years in males. After adjustment for sex, there were significant differences in BMD among BMI-stratified groups in both males and females. The subjects with a BMI of <18.5 had a higher incidence of osteoporosis than BMI ≥18.5 in both sexes. BMD in type 2 diabetes mellitus with a BG of >7.0 mmol/L was lower than in people with BG of ≤7.0 mmol/L (P<0.001). People with serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of ≥1.56 mmol/L had a greater prevalence of osteoporosis compared with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≤1.55 mmol/L. Logistic regression with odds ratios showed that no association was found among total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin, postprandial blood glucose and BMD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study further confirmed that factors such as age, sex, weight, BMI, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and diabetes are significant predictors of osteoporosis in the Chinese people.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Surgical Research, Duisburg-Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Rongtao
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Dalian Central Hospital, Dalian.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Dalian Central Hospital, Dalian.
authors.forename: Zuohong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Dalian Central Hospital, Dalian.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Dalian Central Hospital, Dalian.
authors.forename: Zhiming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Junyong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D044466:Asian People; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D015519:Bone Density; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008055:Lipids
keywords: BMI; blood glucose; osteoporosis; risk assessment; serum lipid profiles