title: Evaluation of fibrin-based dermal-epidermal organotypic cultures for in vitro skin corrosion and irritation testing of chemicals according to OECD TG 431 and 439.
abstract: Reconstructed human epidermis (RhE) models have been used for in vitro testing of the potential harmful effects of exposure to chemical compounds on health. In the past, skin irritation and corrosion were evaluated in animal models; however, in recent years, due to the bioethics implications of the method and, to minimize the use of experimental animals, alternative procedures have been proposed. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in its test guidelines (TG) 431 and 439 indicates the requirements for validating new methods for the evaluation of skin corrosion and irritation, respectively. Here, we present an in-house human dermal-epidermal model, useful for the performance of these tests. Using the methods described in this work, it was possible to obtain human fibrin-based dermal-epidermal organotypic skin cultures (ORGs) displaying similar histological characteristics to native skin and expressing specific differentiation epithelial proteins. The end points to classify a substance as irritant or corrosive were cell viability evaluated by MTT assay, and cytokine release measured by BD CBA for human inflammatory cytokines. According to the MTT test, the ORGs correctly classified irritating and corrosive substances. Moreover, the cytokine release assay was difficult to interpret in the context of testing chemical hazard classification. Further experiments are needed to validate this new model for the evaluation of surfactants because the fibrin matrix was affected in the presence of these substances.
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group (GITTC), School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Colombia.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group (GITTC), School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Colombia.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group (GITTC), School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Colombia; Dermatology Department, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Colombia.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Correa
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group (GITTC), School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Colombia; Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Colombia. Electronic address: grupoingenieriadetejidos@udea.edu.co.
authors.forename: Luz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Restrepo
mesh_terms: D000826:Animal Testing Alternatives; D002424:Caustics / Q000633:toxicity*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005337:Fibrin; D005347:Fibroblasts; D006801:Humans; D007509:Irritants / Q000633:toxicity*; D015603:Keratinocytes; D066150:Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D023422:Skin Irritancy Tests / Q000379:methods*; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques
chemical_list: D002424:Caustics; D016207:Cytokines; D007509:Irritants; D005337:Fibrin
keywords: Corrosive; Dermal-epidermal organotypic culture; Dermis; Epidermis; Fibrin-based matrix; Irritant; OECD test guideline 431 and 439; United Nations Globally Harmonized System