title: The importance of selecting the right internal control gene to study the effects of antenatal glucocorticoid administration in human placenta.
abstract: RT-qPCR requires a suitable set of internal control genes (ICGs) for an accurate normalization. The usefulness of 7 previously published ICGs in the human placenta was analyzed according to the effects of betamethasone treatment, sex and fetal age. Raw RT-qPCR data of the ICGs were evaluated using published algorithms. The algorithms revealed that a reliable normalization was achieved using the geometrical mean of PPIA, RPL19, HMBS and SDHA. The use of a different subset ICGs out of the 7 investigated, although not statistically affected by the conditions, biased the results, as demonstrated through changes in expression of glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) mRNA as a target gene.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics and Division of Experimental Obstetrics, Charité, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gütling
authors.affiliation: Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bionaz
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, McMaster University, Canada.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Sloboda
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics and Division of Experimental Obstetrics, Charité, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ehrlich
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics and Division of Experimental Obstetrics, Charité, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics and Division of Experimental Obstetrics, Charité, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Gramzow
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics and Division of Experimental Obstetrics, Charité, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Henrich
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics and Division of Experimental Obstetrics, Charité, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Plagemann
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics and Division of Experimental Obstetrics, Charité, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: thorsten.braun@charite.de.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Braun
mesh_terms: D042963:Electron Transport Complex II / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D020043:Genes, Essential / Q000235:genetics*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D011163:Hydroxymethylbilane Synthase / Q000235:genetics; D019696:Peptidylprolyl Isomerase / Q000235:genetics; D010920:Placenta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000235:genetics*; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; C497713:NR3C1 protein, human; C489092:RPL19 protein, human; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; D042963:Electron Transport Complex II; C511268:SDHA protein, human; D011163:Hydroxymethylbilane Synthase; D019696:Peptidylprolyl Isomerase
keywords: B2M; Betamethasone; Co-regulation; Glucocorticoids; HMBS; HPRT1; Human placenta; Internal control gene; PPIA; RPL19; SDHA; YWHAZ; geNorm