title: Identification of potential protein biomarkers for early detection of pregnancy in cow urine using 2D DIGE and label free quantitation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An early, reliable and noninvasive method of early pregnancy diagnosis is prerequisite for efficient reproductive management in dairy industry. The early detection of pregnancy also help in to reduce the calving interval and rebreeding time which is beneficial for industries as well as farmers. The aim of this work is to identify potential biomarker for pregnancy detection at earlier stages (16-25 days). To achieve this goal we performed DIGE and LFQ for identification of protein which has significant differential expression during pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DIGE experiment revealed a total of eleven differentially expressed proteins out of which nine were up regulated having fold change ≥1.5 in all time points. The LFQ data analysis revealed 195 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) out of 28 proteins were up-regulated and 40 down regulated having significant fold change ≥1.5 and ≤0.6 respectively. Bioinformatics analysis of DEPs showed that a majority of proteins were involved in regulation of leukocyte immunity, endopeptidase inhibitor activity, regulation of peptidase activity and polysaccharide binding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is first report on differentially expressed protein during various time points of pregnancy in cow to our best knowledge. In our work, we identified few proteins such MBP, SERPIN, IGF which were differentially expressed and actively involved in various activities related to pregnancy such as embryo implantation, establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Due to their involvement in these events, these can be considered as biomarker for pregnancy but further validation of is required.
authors.affiliation: National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001 India.
authors.forename: Preeti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rawat
authors.affiliation: National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001 India.
authors.forename: Shveta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bathla
authors.affiliation: National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001 India.
authors.forename: Rubina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baithalu
authors.affiliation: National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001 India.
authors.forename: Munna Lal
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001 India.
authors.forename: Sudarshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001 India.
authors.forename: Syed Azamal
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001 India.
authors.forename: Anurag
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.affiliation: National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001 India.
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lotfan
authors.affiliation: National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001 India.
authors.forename: Jasmine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Naru
authors.affiliation: National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001 India.
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jena
authors.affiliation: National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001 India.
authors.forename: Pradip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Behere
authors.affiliation: Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001 India.
authors.forename: Ashok K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Balhara
authors.affiliation: Bruker Daltonics, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vashisth
authors.affiliation: Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001 India.
authors.forename: Inderjeet
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001 India.
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.affiliation: National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001 India.
authors.forename: Jai K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kaushik
authors.affiliation: National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001 India.
authors.forename: Tushar K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Mohanty
authors.affiliation: National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001 India.
authors.forename: Ashok K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mohanty
keywords: Biomarker; DIGE; Gene Ontology; LFQ; Mass spectrometry; Network construction; Urine