title: Triple Valvulopathy and Jaccoud's Arthropathy: A Case Report and Literature Review.
abstract: Cardiac involvement is fairly common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It may involve all layers of the heart and coronary arteries as well as the heart valves. We report an extremely rare presentation of valvulitis and valvular dysfunction associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. This is the first case of lupus valvulitis which required three mechanical prosthetic valve replacements with disease recurrence leading to a fatal outcome. This is, in our point of view, the consequence of aggressive natural history of the disease and perhaps late diagnosis and treatment of underlying SLE which was unsuccessful.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9852-9997
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naderi Mahabadi
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Rheumatology, MetroHealth Medical Center, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA.
authors.forename: Bassam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alhaddad
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Rheumatology, MetroHealth Medical Center, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA.
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5122-1186
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ballou