title: Impact of External Ventricular Drainage Volumes on Shunt Dependency after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.
abstract: BackgroundThe indication for and the timing of a permanent shunt operation in patients following acute hydrocephalus (HC) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains controversial because risk factors for chronic HC fail to predict permanent shunt dependency. The amount of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drained via an external ventricular drain (EVD) may predict shunt dependency.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of our HC database from January 2006 to December 2011. All patients receiving an EVD due to acute HC after SAH were analyzed. The daily amount of drained CSF was documented until the EVD was removed or converted to a permanent shunt either immediately or during a follow-up period of 6 months.ResultsA total of 139 patients (48 male, 91 female; mean age: 57 ± 14 years) were eligible for the study. Mean duration of EVD was 16 ± 10 days (range: 4-60 days). A permanent shunt was necessary in 32% of cases (n= 45). The mean daily CSF volume was 139 ± 17 mL (range: 15-460 mL). Using repeated-measures analysis of variance, there was a significant difference of daily drained CSF volumes between both the groups in the first 15 days after the EVD.ConclusionOur results suggest that the daily amount of external CSF drainage volume in the acute state of SAH might influence the development of HC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Uniclinic Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Muhammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hayek
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Klinikum Kassel, Kassel, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Klinikum Kassel, Kassel, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaestner
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Klinikum Kassel, Kassel, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Deinsberger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000601:surgery*; D065634:Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications*; D017287:Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt; D055815:Young Adult