title: Cultivation of a chemoautotroph from the SUP05 clade of marine bacteria that produces nitrite and consumes ammonium.
abstract: Marine oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are expanding regions of intense nitrogen cycling. Up to half of the nitrogen available for marine organisms is removed from the ocean in these regions. Metagenomic studies have identified an abundant group of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SUP05) with the genetic potential for nitrogen cycling and loss in OMZs. However, SUP05 have defied cultivation and their physiology remains untested. We cultured, sequenced and tested the physiology of an isolate from the SUP05 clade. We describe a facultatively anaerobic sulfur-oxidizing chemolithoautotroph that produces nitrite and consumes ammonium under anaerobic conditions. Genetic evidence that closely related strains are abundant at nitrite maxima in OMZs suggests that sulfur-oxidizing chemoautotrophs from the SUP05 clade are a potential source of nitrite, fueling competing nitrogen removal processes in the ocean.
authors.affiliation: School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
authors.forename: Vega
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
authors.forename: Bonnie X
authors.initials: BX
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Morris
mesh_terms: D064751:Ammonium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D052837:Chemoautotrophic Growth; D056186:Metagenomics; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology*; D013455:Sulfur / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D009573:Nitrites; D013455:Sulfur; D009584:Nitrogen; D010100:Oxygen