title: Triterpenoids from the leaves of Alphitonia xerocarpus Baill and their biological activity.
abstract: Ten previously undescribed triterpenoid saponins and a previously undescribed norlupane triterpenoid were isolated, with three known saponins, four known flavonoids, two known lupane derivatives, sitosterol and 6'-heptadecanoyl-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosylsitosterol from the leaves of Alphitonia xerocarpus (Rhamnaceae), an endemic tree of New Caledonia. The chemical structures of the purified compounds were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. The isolated compounds were tested for their antioxidant, antityrosinase, antibacterial and cytotoxic activity. The aqueous methanol extract showed antioxidant activity (DPPH assay) due to the presence of rutin. Ceanothenic acid showed good cytotoxic activity against a KB cell line (IC50 = 2.6 μM) and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis with MIC values of 8 and 16 μg/mL, respectively. The previously undescribed 29-hydroxyceanothenic acid exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 10 μM), good antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC = 4 μg/mL) and moderate antibacterial activity against E. faecalis (MIC = 16 μg/mL).
authors.affiliation: UMR CNRS 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Bât. 18, Moulin, de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: Dima
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.affiliation: CNRS FRE 3481, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51 rue cognacq-Jay, 51095 Reims Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lalun
authors.affiliation: CNRS FRE 3481, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51 rue cognacq-Jay, 51095 Reims Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bobichon
authors.affiliation: EA 4691, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, UFR de Pharmacie, 1 Rue du Maréchal Juin, 51096 Reims Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Le Magrex Debar
authors.affiliation: EA 4691, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, UFR de Pharmacie, 1 Rue du Maréchal Juin, 51096 Reims Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Sophie C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Gangloff
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Insulaire du Vivant et de l'Environnement (LIVE), EA 4243, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, BP R4, 98851 Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nour
authors.affiliation: UMR CNRS 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Bât. 18, Moulin, de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France. Electronic address: laurence.nazabadioko@univ-reims.fr.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Voutquenne-Nazabadioko
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009510:New Caledonia; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D027823:Rhamnaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D012503:Saponins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D012503:Saponins; D014315:Triterpenes
keywords: Alphitonia xerocarpus; Flavonoids; Leaves; Norlupane; Rhamnaceae; Secodammarane; Triterpenoids