title: Genovariation Study of Hantavirus in Main Endemic Areas of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in Hebei Province, China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is an important infectious disease in Hebei Province. At present, cases from the northeast regions of the province account for >80% of the total incidences. However, studies that examine the region-specific genetic variations of the Hantavirus (HV), the causative pathogen for HFRS, have been lacking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rodents were collected in northeast Hebei Province from 2004 to 2013, and the HV strains used in this study were isolated in 1993. Lung tissues were isolated from the rodents and HV antigen was detected by indirect immunofluorescence. The M1 and M2 fragments of HV M region were amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), cloned into pMDl9-T vector, sequenced and compared with representative standard stains for homology and phylogenetic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 21 samples of HV antigen-positive were collected. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that the 19 rodent lungs and two HV strains were positive for the SEO virus. 11 samples were chosen to sequence, and they shared 95.8%-99.8% in nucleotide homology, and 83.6%-99.2% when compared to the standard strains of SEO virus. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that all strains were grouped into the same S3 subtype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SEO was the major epidemic genotype of HV in the main HFRS endemic areas in Hebei Province, and S3 was the major subtype. There was minor genetic variation in HV over short term periods, while long term variations were higher.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Viral Disease Prevention and Control, Hebei Province Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute for Viral Disease Prevention and Control, Hebei Province Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Yanan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Institute for Viral Disease Prevention and Control, Hebei Province Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Yamei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Institute for Viral Disease Prevention and Control, Hebei Province Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Institute for Viral Disease Prevention and Control, Hebei Province Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Zhanying
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Institute for Viral Disease Prevention and Control, Hebei Province Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Yanbo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute for Viral Disease Prevention and Control, Hebei Province Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Shunxiang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Institute for Viral Disease Prevention and Control, Hebei Province Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Yonggang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016679:Genome, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D006476:Orthohantavirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D006480:Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012377:Rodentia
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral