title: A diagnosis of prostate cancer and pursuit of active surveillance is not followed by weight loss: potential for a teachable moment.
abstract: Obesity is a risk factor for incident prostate cancer (PC) as well as risk of disease progression and mortality. We hypothesized that men diagnosed with lower-risk PC and who elected active surveillance (AS) for their cancer management would likely initiate lifestyle changes that lead to weight loss.
  
  
  
  Patients were enrolled in the Prostate Active Surveillance Study (PASS), a multicenter prospective biomarker discovery and validation study of men who have chosen AS for their PC. Data from 442 men diagnosed with PC within 1 year of study entry who completed a standard of care 12-month follow-up visit were analyzed. We examined the change in weight and body mass index (BMI) over the first year of study participation.
  
  
  
  After 1 year on AS, 7.5% (33/442) of patients had lost 5% or more of their on-study weight. The proportion of men who lost 5% or more weight was similar across categories of baseline BMI: normal/underweight (8%), overweight (6%) and obese (10%, χ2test P=0.44). The results were similar for patients enrolled in the study 1 year or 6 months after diagnosis. By contrast, after 1 year, 7.7% (34/442) of patients had gained >5% of their weight.
  
  
  
  Only 7.5% of men with low-risk PC enrolled in AS lost a modest (⩾5%) amount of weight after diagnosis. Given that obesity is related to PC progression and mortality, targeted lifestyle interventions may be effective at this 'teachable moment', as men begin AS for low-risk PC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Liss
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Schenk
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Faino
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Newcomb
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boyer
authors.affiliation: Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.affiliation: University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.affiliation: University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dash
authors.affiliation: Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Fabrizio
authors.affiliation: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gleave
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Neuhouser
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*