title: Comparison of Urine Output among Patients Treated with More Intensive Versus Less Intensive RRT: Results from the Acute Renal Failure Trial Network Study.
abstract: Intensive RRT may have adverse effects that account for the absence of benefit observed in randomized trials of more intensive versus less intensive RRT. We wished to determine the association of more intensive RRT with changes in urine output as a marker of worsening residual renal function in critically ill patients with severe AKI.
  
  
  
  The Acute Renal Failure Trial Network Study (n=1124) was a multicenter trial that randomized critically ill patients requiring initiation of RRT to more intensive (hemodialysis or sustained low-efficiency dialysis six times per week or continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration at 35 ml/kg per hour) versus less intensive (hemodialysis or sustained low-efficiency dialysis three times per week or continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration at 20 ml/kg per hour) RRT. Mixed linear regression models were fit to estimate the association of RRT intensity with change in daily urine output in survivors through day 7 (n=871); Cox regression models were fit to determine the association of RRT intensity with time to ≥50% decline in urine output in all patients through day 28.
  
  
  
  Mean age of participants was 60±15 years old, 72% were men, and 30% were diabetic. In unadjusted models, among patients who survived ≥7 days, mean urine output was, on average, 31.7 ml/d higher (95% confidence interval, 8.2 to 55.2 ml/d) for the less intensive group compared with the more intensive group (P=0.01). More intensive RRT was associated with 29% greater unadjusted risk of decline in urine output of ≥50% (hazard ratio, 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.10 to 1.51).
  
  
  
  More intensive versus less intensive RRT is associated with a greater reduction in urine output during the first 7 days of therapy and a greater risk of developing a decline in urine output of ≥50% in critically ill patients with severe AKI.
authors.affiliation: Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.|Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Finnian R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Mc Causland
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Josephine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Asafu-Adjei
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Rebecca A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Betensky
authors.affiliation: Renal Section, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and.|Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Palevsky
authors.affiliation: Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.|Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Sushrut S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Waikar
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000628:therapy* / Q000652:urine*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D017583:Hemodiafiltration / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods*; D014556:Urine
keywords: Acute kidney injury; Humans; Randomized trials as topic; critical illness; hemodialysis; renal dialysis; renal replacement therapy