title: Antiproliferative and toxicological properties of methanolic extract obtained from Solanum capsicoides All. seeds and carpesterol.
abstract: Natural products are considered important sources of potential chemotherapeutic agents. Here, we evaluated the antiproliferative activity and the toxicological effects of the methanolic extract and a pure compound obtained from Solanum capsicoides seeds. The phytochemical profile was analyzed by chromatographic and spectroscopy methods. The acute toxicity was assessed in mice orally treated with the extract (2000 mg/kg), in vitro hemolytic activity and micronucleus test. The mutagenicity, developmental toxicity, and lethal dose (LD50) of carpesterol were estimated by the Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (TEST) software. A sulforhodamine B assay was employed to evaluate the antiproliferative activity. The toxicological assays did not observe signs of toxicity, either during the behavioral observations or in the autopsies, as well as no mutagenicity and hemolytic activity. The carpesterol did not present mutagenic effect and hemolytic activity but presents developmental toxicology and LD50 of 410 mg/kg in toxicity estimations by the TEST software. The S. capsicoides extract exhibited antiproliferative activity mainly in leukemia (K562) cell lineage. However, carpesterol presented antiproliferative activity in glioma (U251), breast (MCF-7), kidney (786-0), ovary (OVCAR-03), and K562 cell lineages. The data obtained show that S. capsicoides extract presents antiproliferative and does not present toxicological effects. In addition, it was shown for the first time the antiproliferative and toxicological parameters of carpesterol.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas e Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petreanu
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas e Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ágatha Amanda Alves
authors.initials: ÁA
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas e Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Milena Fronza
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Broering
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas e Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emili Kamila
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas e Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Isabel Daufenback
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas (CPQBA)-Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Lúcia Tasca
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Gois
authors.affiliation: Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas (CPQBA)-Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Ernesto
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas e Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Franco Delle
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Monache
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas e Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rivaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Niero
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas e Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil. jrs.santin@univali.br.
authors.forename: José Roberto
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Santin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D032322:Solanum / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D010840:Phytosterols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; C000614365:carpesterol; D000432:Methanol
keywords: Cancer; Cytotoxicity; Mutagenicity; Natural compound