title: Vitellointestinal Duct Anomalies in Infancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitellointestinal duct (VID) or omphalomesenteric duct anomalies are secondary to the persistence of the embryonic vitelline duct, which normally obliterates by weeks 5-9 of intrauterine life.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective analysis of a total of 16 patients of symptomatic remnants of vitellointestinal duct from period of Jan 2009 to May 2013.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Male to female ratio (M:F) was 4.3:1 and mean age of presentation was 2 months and their mode of presentation was: patent VID in 9 (56.25%) patients, umbilical cyst in 2(12.25%), umbilical granuloma in 2 (12.25%), and Meckel diverticulum as content of hernia sac in obstructed umbilical hernia in 1 (6.25%) patient. Two patients with umbilical fistula had severe electrolyte disturbance and died without surgical intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Persistent VID may have varied presentations in infancy. High output umbilical fistula and excessive bowel prolapse demand urgent surgical intervention to avoid morbidity and mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pt. BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Yogender Singh
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kadian
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Pt. BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Anjali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pt. BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Kamal Nain
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Rattan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pt. BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Pardeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kajal
keywords: Infancy; Umbilicus; Vitellointestinal duct