title: Electrochemical Methods for the Analysis of Clinically Relevant Biomolecules.
abstract: Rapid progress in identifying biomarkers that are hallmarks of disease has increased demand for high-performance detection technologies. Implementation of electrochemical methods in clinical analysis may provide an effective answer to the growing need for rapid, specific, inexpensive, and fully automated means of biomarker analysis. This Review summarizes advances from the past 5 years in the development of electrochemical sensors for clinically relevant biomolecules, including small molecules, nucleic acids, and proteins. Various sensing strategies are assessed according to their potential for reaching relevant limits of sensitivity, specificity, and degrees of multiplexing. Furthermore, we address the remaining challenges and opportunities to integrate electrochemical sensing platforms into point-of-care solutions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Labib
authors.forename: Edward H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Sargent
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada.|Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada.
authors.forename: Shana O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Kelley
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D006728:Hormones / Q000032:analysis; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000032:analysis; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D006728:Hormones; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D011506:Proteins; D004247:DNA