title: Antidermatophytic Activity of Ethanolic Extract from Croton tiglium.
abstract: Dermatophytosis, which is caused mainly by genera of Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, and Microsporum, is a frequent dermatological problem in tropical and subtropical countries. Investigations were carried out in this study to evaluate the antidermatophytic activity of the stems, leaves, and seeds of Croton tiglium, one of the traditional medicine plants indigenous to Asia. Ethanolic extracts of the stems, leaves, and seeds of C. tiglium were prepared by cold soak or heat reflux methods. The antidermatophytic activities of the extracts were evaluated by disc diffusion and microdilution susceptibility assays against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, and Epidermophyton floccosum. The active components in the extracts were analyzed and identified by GC-MS. All ethanolic extracts of C. tiglium showed some antifungal activities against the three dermatophytes. The ethanolic stem extract had the greatest inhibitory activities against T. mentagrophytes and E. floccosum with MICs at 0.16 mg/mL and had a lower activity against T. rubrum (MIC: 0.31 mg/mL). Oleic acid and hexadecanoic acid were found to be the major constituents in the stem extract that demonstrated strong antidermatophytic activities. The ethanolic extracts of stem or seed of C. tiglium exhibit strong antidermatophytic activities and, thus, could be considered for application on treating skin fungal infections after appropriate processing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Wood-Based Materials and Design, College of Agriculture, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Han Chien
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9956-9306
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Liang
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1863-9342
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Wood-Based Materials and Design, College of Agriculture, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Ju
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hui-Yi
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2975-5189
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shao-Hung
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6824-0372
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003883:Arthrodermataceae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D029802:Croton / Q000737:chemistry*; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction / Q000379:methods; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000431:Ethanol