title: Adiponectin protects against incident hypertension independent of body fat distribution: observations from the Dallas Heart Study.
abstract: Excess adipose tissue has been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis and is a key risk factor for blood pressure (BP) elevation. However, circulating levels of adiponectin, a protein produced by adipose tissue and widely implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis, are inversely proportional to adiposity. The relationship between adiponectin and incident hypertension has not been determined in the general US population.
  
  
  
  Normotensive participants (n = 1233) enrolled in the Dallas Heart Study, a multiethnic, probability-based population sample of Dallas County adults were followed for median of 7 years. Retroperitoneal, intraperitoneal, visceral, and subcutaneous adipose tissue were measured at baseline by magnetic resonance imaging. Liver fat content was measured by1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Relative risk regression was used to determine the association of adiponectin with incident hypertension after adjustment for age, race, sex, BMI, smoking, diabetes, baseline systolic BP, total cholesterol, and regional fat depot.
  
  
  
  Of the 1233 study participants (median age 40 years, 40% black, and 56% women), 391 (32%) had developed hypertension over a median follow-up of 7 years. Adiponectin levels were associated with reduced risk of incident hypertension (RR 0.81, 95% CI [0.68-0.96]) in the fully adjusted model, which included liver fat. Similar results were observed after adjustment for subcutaneous or visceral fat depots when tested individually or simultaneously in the model.
  
  
  
  Our study suggested a protective role of adiponectin against incident hypertension independent of body fat distribution.
authors.affiliation: Hypertension Section, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Poghni A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Peri-Okonny
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Colby
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ayers
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Naim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maalouf
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Sandeep R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: de Lemos
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.|Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Jarett D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Aslan T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Turer
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Ian J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Neeland
authors.affiliation: Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Philipp E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Scherer
authors.affiliation: Hypertension Section, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.|Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Wanpen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vongpatanasin
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism*; D050154:Adiposity; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D050218:Body Fat Distribution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015994:Incidence; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013781:Texas / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin
keywords: Adiponectin; fat; hypertension; leptin; subcutaneous adipose tissue; visceral adipose tissue