title: Deciphering the Wisent Demographic and Adaptive Histories from Individual Whole-Genome Sequences.
abstract: As the largest European herbivore, the wisent (Bison bonasus) is emblematic of the continent wildlife but has unclear origins. Here, we infer its demographic and adaptive histories from two individual whole-genome sequences via a detailed comparative analysis with bovine genomes. We estimate that the wisent and bovine species diverged from 1.7 × 106to 850,000 years before present (YBP) through a speciation process involving an extended period of limited gene flow. Our data further support the occurrence of more recent secondary contacts, posterior to the Bos taurus and Bos indicus divergence (∼150,000 YBP), between the wisent and (European) taurine cattle lineages. Although the wisent and bovine population sizes experienced a similar sharp decline since the Last Glacial Maximum, we find that the wisent demography remained more fluctuating during the Pleistocene. This is in agreement with a scenario in which wisents responded to successive glaciations by habitat fragmentation rather than southward and eastward migration as for the bovine ancestors. We finally detect 423 genes under positive selection between the wisent and bovine lineages, which shed a new light on the genome response to different living conditions (temperature, available food resource, and pathogen exposure) and on the key gene functions altered by the domestication process.
authors.affiliation: CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Supagro, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France IBC, Institut de Biologie Computationnelle, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gautier
authors.affiliation: GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Katayoun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moazami-Goudarzi
authors.affiliation: UGMA, INRA, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France.
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Levéziel
authors.affiliation: MGX-Montpellier GenomiX, c/o Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Hugues
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Parinello
authors.affiliation: GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grohs
authors.affiliation: MGX-Montpellier GenomiX, c/o Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rialle
authors.affiliation: Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland.
authors.forename: Rafał
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kowalczyk
authors.affiliation: GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France INTERTRYP, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier, France laurence.flori@jouy.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Flori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic / Q000235:genetics; D005075:Biological Evolution; D016164:Bison / Q000235:genetics*; D002417:Cattle; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D011156:Population Density
keywords: European bison; adaptation; cattle; demography; domestication; evolution; genetics; systems biology