title: Involvement of the IL-1 system in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis: Breaking the vicious cycle between IL-1β and GM-CSF.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that affects hundreds of thousands of people worldwide. Given the autoimmune nature of the disease, a large part of the research has focused on autoreactive T and B cells. However, research on the involvement of myeloid cells in the pathophysiology of MS has received a strong and renewed attention over the recent years. Despite the multitude of inflammatory mediators involved in innate immunity, only a select group of cytokines are absolutely critical to the development of CNS autoimmunity, among which is interleukin (IL)-1. While the importance of the IL-1 system in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and MS has been recognized for about 20years, it is only recently that we have begun to understand that IL-1 plays multifaceted roles in disease initiation, development, amplification and chronicity. Here, we review the recent findings showing an implication of the IL-1 system in EAE and MS, and introduce a model that highlights how IL-1β and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are interacting together to create a vicious feedback cycle of CNS inflammation that ultimately leads to myelin and neuronal damage.
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Université Laval, and Département de médecine moléculaire, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paré
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Université Laval, and Département de médecine moléculaire, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mailhot
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Université Laval, and Département de médecine moléculaire, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Sébastien A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lévesque
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Université Laval, and Département de médecine moléculaire, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada. Electronic address: Steve.Lacroix@crchul.ulaval.ca.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lacroix
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
keywords: Blood-brain barrier; Cytokine; Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; Interleukin-1; Macrophage; Multiple sclerosis; Nervous system; Neuroimmunology; Neutrophil; T cell