title: Observation of temperature-gradient-induced magnetization.
abstract: Applying magnetic fields has been the method of choice to magnetize non-magnetic materials, but they are difficult to focus. The magneto-electric effect and voltage-induced magnetization generate magnetization by applied electric fields, but only in special compounds or heterostructures. Here we demonstrate that a simple metal such as gold can be magnetized by a temperature gradient or magnetic resonance when in contact with a magnetic insulator by observing an anomalous Hall-like effect, which directly proves the breakdown of time-reversal symmetry. Such Hall measurements give experimental access to the spectral spin Hall conductance of the host metal, which is closely related to other spin caloritronics phenomena such as the spin Nernst effect and serves as a reference for theoretical calculation.
authors.affiliation: WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.|Spin Quantum Rectification Project, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Dazhi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.|Spin Quantum Rectification Project, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iguchi
authors.affiliation: WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.|London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, UK.
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Vehstedt
authors.affiliation: Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.|PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.affiliation: WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.|Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.|Kavli Institute of NanoScience, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2628 CJ, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: G E W
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.affiliation: WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.|Spin Quantum Rectification Project, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.|Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.|Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai 319-1195, Japan.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Saitoh