title: Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy: focus on bronchial neuroendocrine tumors.
abstract: Well-differentiated bronchial neuroendocrine tumors (B-NETs) are rare. They represent 1-5 % of all lung cancers. The incidence of these neoplasms has risen over the past 30 years and, especially for advanced or metastatic disease, management is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach. Treatment with somatostatin analogs (SSAs) is the most important first-line therapy, in particular in well-differentiated NETs with high somatostatin type receptor (SSTR) expression. In these tumors, the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (m-TOR) inhibitors and the potential utility of other target therapies remain unclear while chemotherapy represents the gold standard treatment only for aggressive forms with low SSTR expression. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is an emerging treatment modality for advanced NETs. There are many cumulative evidences about the effectiveness and tolerability of this therapeutic approach, especially in gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP)-NETs. For B-NETs, scientific research is moving more slowly. Here, we performed a review in order to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of PRRT with a focus on patients with inoperable or metastatic well-differentiated B-NETs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, Milan, Italy. giuseppe.lorusso@istitutotumori.mi.it.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lo Russo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pusceddu
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Prinzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imbimbo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Proto
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Signorelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vitali
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ganzinelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maccauro
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buzzoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Ettore
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Seregni
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Braud
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Marina Chiara
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Garassino
mesh_terms: D001984:Bronchial Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018000:Receptors, Peptide / Q000378:metabolism*; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D018000:Receptors, Peptide; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin
keywords: Bronchial neuroendocrine tumors; Lung carcinoids; Neuroendocrine tumors; Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy