title: Evaluation of Osteoblast-Like Cell Viability and Differentiation on the Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser Peptide Immobilized Titanium Dioxide Nanotube via Chemical Grafting.
abstract: This study examined the effect of the immobilization of the Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (GRGDS) peptide on titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube via chemical grafting on osteoblast-like cell (MG-63) viability and differentiation. The specimens were divided into two groups; TiO2 nanotubes and GRGDS-immobilized TiO2 nanotubes. The surface characteristics of GRGDS-immobilized TiO2 nanotubes were observed by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The morphology of cells on specimens was observed by FE-SEM after 2 hr and 24 hr. The level of cell viability was investigated via a tetrazolium (XTT) assay after 2 and 4 days. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was evaluated to measure the cell differentiation after 4 and 7 days. The presence of nitrogen up-regulation or C==O carbons con- firmed that TiO2 nanotubes were immobilized with GRGDS peptides. Cell adhesion was enhanced on the GRGDS-immobilized TiO2 nanotubes compared to TiO2 nanotubes. Furthermore, significantly increased cell spreading and proliferation were observed with the cells grown on GRGDS-immobilized TiO2 nanotubes (P < .05). However, there was no significant difference in ALP activity between GRGDS-immobilized TiO2 nanotubes and TiO2 nanotubes. These results suggest that the GRGDS-immobilized TiO2 nanotubes might be effective in improving the osseointegration of dental implants.
authors.forename: Ga-Hyun
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Il-Shin
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang-Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kwangmin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kwi-Dug
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Hyun-Seung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Gye-Jeong
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Min-Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Hyun-Pil
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D009842:Oligopeptides; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium