title: Effect of in ovo injection of threonine on immunoglobulin A gene expression in the intestine of Japanese quail at hatch.
abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of in ovo injection of threonine (THR) on immunoglobulin A (IgA) gene expression of Japanese quail on hatch day. A total of 540 Japanese quail eggs were assigned into nine groups of 60 each and were set in a single-stage incubator. Treatments were as follows: non-injected (control), two diluent levels (0.05 or 0.1 ml saline), two sites of injection (in or under the air sac) and with or without nutrients (0.5 mg/ml THR). Eggs were injected on d 11 of incubation. On hatch day, after euthanizing hatched quail chicks, the intestine was removed and the jejunum was separated. The relative mRNA expression of jejunal IgA increased (p < 0.05) by the injection of 0.05 ml THR under the air sac when compared to the control group or other treatments of injection. Compared to the control group, no differences were imputable to treatments of 0.1-ml injections on IgA gene expression. Differences with other injected groups were not significant. It was concluded that injection of 0.05 ml saline containing 0.5 mg THR/ml under the air sac can improve jejunal IgA mRNA expression in newly hatched Japanese quail chicks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kermanshahi
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ghofrani Tabari
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khodambashi Emami
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daneshmand
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003370:Coturnix / Q000196:embryology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D010063:Ovum; D013912:Threonine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D013912:Threonine
keywords: Japanese quail; gene expression; immunoglobulin A; in ovo injection; threonine