title: PM10 mass concentration, chemical composition, and sources in the typical coal-dominated industrial city of Pingdingshan, China.
abstract: The atmospheric pollution created by coal-dominated industrial cities in China cannot be neglected. This study focuses on the atmospheric PM10 in the typical industrial city of Pingdingshan City in North China. A total of 44 PM10 samples were collected from three different sites (power plant, mining area, and roadside) in Pingdingshan City during the winter of 2013, and were analyzed gravimetrically and chemically. The Pingdingshan PM10 samples were composed of mineral matter (average of 118.0±58.6μg/m(3), 20.6% of the total PM10 concentration), secondary crystalline particles (338.7±122.0μg/m(3), 59.2%), organic matter (77.3±48.5μg/m(3), 13.5%), and elemental carbon (38.0±28.3μg/m(3), 6.6%). Different sources had different proportions of these components in PM10. The power plant pollutant source was characterized by secondary crystalline particles (377.1μg/m(3)), elemental carbon (51.5μg/m(3)), and organic matter (90.6μg/m(3)) due to coal combustion. The mining area pollutant source was characterized by mineral matter (124.0μg/m(3)) due to weathering of waste dumps. The roadside pollutant source was characterized by mineral matter (130.0μg/m(3)) and organic matter (81.0μg/m(3)) due to road dust and vehicle exhaust, respectively. A positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis was performed for PM10 source apportionment to identify major anthropogenic sources of PM10 in Pingdingshan. Six factors-crustal matter, coal combustion, vehicle exhaust and abrasion, local burning, weathering of waste dumps, and industrial metal smelting-were identified and their contributions to Pingdingshan PM10 were 19.0%, 31.6%, 7.4%, 6.3%, 9.8%, and 25.9%, respectively. Compared to other major cities in China, the source of PM10 in Pingdingshan was characterized by coal combustion, weathering of waste dumps, and industrial metal smelting.
authors.affiliation: School of Resources & Environment, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, Henan 450045, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: School of Energy & Environment Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, China.
authors.forename: Shushen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing 100083, China. Electronic address: ShaoL@cumtb.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Longyi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Innovation Center of the Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Coal Resource, Hebei Province, The Resources Surveying and Researching Laboratory of HeBei Province, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China.
authors.forename: Jingsen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150022, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Yanfei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D002681:China; D002947:Cities; D003032:Coal Mining; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D004391:Dust; D052638:Particulate Matter; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
keywords: Chemical composition; Coal-dominated industrial city; PM(10); Source apportionment