title: Diet-induced obesity promotes systemic inflammation and increased susceptibility to murine visceral leishmaniasis.
abstract: Obesity is the main causal factor for metabolic syndrome and chronic systemic inflammation, which impacts on immune function and increases susceptibility to pathogens. Here, we investigated the effect of obesity on the outcome of visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmaniasis infantum chagasi. C57BL/6 mice fed with high-sugar and butter diet (HSB) showed a significant increase in body weight, adiposity index and morphological changes in adipocyte. To investigate the consequences of obesity on the specific immunity against Leishmania, both control and HSB diet groups were infected with 107 L. infantum chagasi promastigotes in the eighth-week after diet started and euthanized 4 weeks later. HSB-diet fed mice exhibited a significantly higher parasite burden in both liver and spleen compared with control- diet group. Gonadal adipocyte tissue from HSB-diet mice showed increased TNF-α, IL-6 and leptin and diminished IL-10 production compared with control. Cytokines production analysis in the spleen and liver from these animals also demonstrated higher production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6 and nitric oxide and diminished production of IL-10 and TGF-β, which correlate with inflammatory foci and the cell hyperplasia observed. Taken together, obesity can interfere with responses to pathogen-derived signals and impair the development of protective anti-Leishmania immunity.
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas,Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES,Vitória,Brazil.
authors.forename: Glênia Daros
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Sarnáglia
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas,Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES,Vitória,Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana Polaco
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Covre
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas,Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES,Vitória,Brazil.
authors.forename: Fausto Edmundo Lima
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil.
authors.forename: Herbert Leonel
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: DE Matos Guedes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais,Belo Horizonte, MG,Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Maria Caetano
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Faria
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas,Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES,Vitória,Brazil.
authors.forename: Reynaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dietze
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas,Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES,Vitória,Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Ribeiro
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Nutrição,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais,Belo Horizonte,Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiani Uceli
authors.initials: TU
authors.lastname: Maioli
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas,Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES,Vitória,Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel Cláudio Oliviera
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Gomes
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis; D003600:Cytosol / Q000737:chemistry; D004032:Diet; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D006066:Gonads / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology*; D018314:Leishmania infantum / Q000276:immunology*; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D008099:Liver / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D059208:Parasite Load; D013154:Spleen / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Leishmania infantum chagasi; experimental obesity; high-sugar and butter diet