title: Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Antenatal and Postnatal Aspects.
abstract: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), a condition that occurs due to various reasons, is an important cause of fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. It has been defined as a rate of fetal growth that is less than normal in light of the growth potential of that specific infant. Usually, IUGR and small for gestational age (SGA) are used interchangeably in literature, even though there exist minute differences between them. SGA has been defined as having birth weight less than two standard deviations below the mean or less than the 10th percentile of a population-specific birth weight for specific gestational age. These infants have many acute neonatal problems that include perinatal asphyxia, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, and polycythemia. The likely long-term complications that are prone to develop when IUGR infants grow up includes growth retardation, major and subtle neurodevelopmental handicaps, and developmental origin of health and disease. In this review, we have covered various antenatal and postnatal aspects of IUGR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, NEOCLINIC, TN Mishra Marg, Everest Vihar, Nirman Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, N.K.P Salve Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Sweta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shastri
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sharma
keywords: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR); asymmetrical IUGR; developmental origin of health and disease; fetal genes; maternal genes; placental genes; small for gestational age (SGA); symmetrical IUGR; thrifty phenotype (Barker hypothesis)