title: Advanced Fluorescence Protein-Based Synapse-Detectors.
abstract: The complex information-processing capabilities of the central nervous system emerge from intricate patterns of synaptic input-output relationships among various neuronal circuit components. Understanding these capabilities thus requires a precise description of the individual synapses that comprise neural networks. Recent advances in fluorescent protein engineering, along with developments in light-favoring tissue clearing and optical imaging techniques, have rendered light microscopy (LM) a potent candidate for large-scale analyses of synapses, their properties, and their connectivity. Optically imaging newly engineered fluorescent proteins (FPs) tagged to synaptic proteins or microstructures enables the efficient, fine-resolution illumination of synaptic anatomy and function in large neural circuits. Here we review the latest progress in fluorescent protein-based molecular tools for imaging individual synapses and synaptic connectivity. We also identify associated technologies in gene delivery, tissue processing, and computational image analysis that will play a crucial role in bridging the gap between synapse- and system-level neuroscience.
authors.affiliation: Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul, South Korea; Neuroscience Program, Korea University of Science and TechnologyDaejeon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hojin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Won Chan
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Program, Korea University of Science and TechnologyDaejeon, South Korea; Center for Diagnosis Treatment Care of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jihye
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seong
authors.affiliation: Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul, South Korea; Neuroscience Program, Korea University of Science and TechnologyDaejeon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jinhyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: fluorescent protein sensors; gene delivery; light microscopy; mapping and localization; synapses; synaptic connectivity