title: Post-traumatic stress disorder and its predictors among bereaved Tibetan adolescents four years after the Yushu earthquake: a cross-sectional survey in China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and to explore the predictive factors of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among bereaved adolescents four years after the Yushu earthquake.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  On 14 April 2010, the 7·1-magnitude Yushu earthquake occurred in the high-altitude, hypoxia-prone regions primarily inhabited by ethnic minorities. Many adolescents lost their parents during the earthquake. This study examined post-traumatic stress disorder and its predictors among bereaved Tibetan adolescents four years after the trauma in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional descriptive study.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used a cross-sectional design with 830 bereaved adolescents. Participant demographic data included gender, age and grade, and the earthquake exposure variables included the deceased relatives, whether they were buried, injured or amputated (non-life-threatening) and whether they witnessed a burial, injury or death. The post-traumatic stress disorder Checklist-Civilian version was used to assess the symptoms and prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, and the Coping Style Scale assessed coping styles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated that the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder was 19·3%. Individuals who were buried, injured or amputated (non-life-threatening), who witnessed a burial, injury or death, who suffered severe property loss during the earthquake and who had negative coping skills were the most likely individuals to have post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of post-traumatic stress disorder was very prevalent among adolescents four years after the Yushu earthquake. Effective mental health services should be developed to facilitate postdisaster recovery for bereaved adolescents at high risk for post-traumatic stress disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings in this study improve our understanding of post-traumatic stress disorder and related risk factors in bereaved adolescents in non-Western communities, providing useful information for rebuilding and relief work.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dongling
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ma
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Bie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wenqian
authors.affiliation: The Chinese People's Liberation Army 536 Hospital, Xining, China.
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zailiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Changying
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D001601:Bereavement; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D055866:Earthquakes; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: adolescent health; bereavement; psychiatric nursing; trauma