title: Natural History of Adjustable Gastric Banding: Lifespan and Revisional Rate: A Nationwide Study on Administrative Data on 53,000 Patients.
abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the adjustable gastric banding (AGB) natural history on a national basis.
  
  
  
  Adjustable gastric banding represented the most common bariatric procedure in France until 2010. Since then, the number of AGBs has decreased and the rate of band removal and revisional surgeries has progressively increased.
  
  
  
  For analysis, we included all adult patients operated on with AGB in France between 2007 and 2013. Data were extracted from a national administrative database ("Programme De Médicalisation des Systèmes d'Information," PMSI), which is an exhaustive source of all surgical procedures performed in France. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to test univariate and multivariate associations with band survival and revisional rate. To control for center-specific effects, we performed a frailty analysis, in which each center was assumed to have a random effect indicating the possibility of different baseline risks for patients at different centers.
  
  
  
  During the study period, 52,868 patients underwent AGB, and 10,815 bands were removed. The removal rate at 5, 6, and 7 years was 28%, 34%, and 40%, respectively. Female sex, body mass index >50 kg/m, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and sleep apnea were found to be significantly associated with band removal by multivariate analysis. A significant center effect was also found, but this did not change the impact of the highly significant factors already identified. After band removal, the median time to revisional surgery was 1 year (95% confidence interval 1.0-1.1) and the conversion rate at 7 years was 71%.
  
  
  
  With a removal rate of about 6% annually and the need for revisional surgery for more than two-thirds of patients after removal, AGB does not appear to provide a long-term solution for obesity.
authors.affiliation: *Department of General Surgery, Center Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Paris, France †INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Université Paris Descartes, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France ‡Pole de Coeliochirurgie, Hôpital Joseph Ducuing, Toulouse, France §Department of Digestive, Hepatopancreatobiliary, and Liver Transplantation Surgery, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Paris, France ¶Digestive Unit, Archet 2 Hospital, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France ||INSERM, U1065, Hepatic Complications of Obesity, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France **Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Unité d'Épidémiologie et de Recherche Clinique, Paris, France ††INSERM, Center d'Investigation Clinique 1418, module Épidémiologie Clinique, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lazzati
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Antonio
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paolino
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martini
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Azoulay
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iannelli
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katsahian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005602:France; D015391:Gastroplasty / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012086:Reoperation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss; D055815:Young Adult