title: Interfascial Spread of Injectate After Adductor Canal Injection in Fresh Human Cadavers.
abstract: The adductor canal block has become a common analgesic technique in patients undergoing knee arthroplasty. Dispersion of local anesthetic outside the adductor canal through interfascial layers and blockade of smaller nerves that confer innervation to the knee could contribute to the analgesic efficacy of the adductor canal block. We studied the diffusion of local anesthetic mixed with dye after injection into the adductor canal in fresh human cadavers. In all 8 legs, injectate was found in the popliteal fossa in contact with the sciatic nerve and/or popliteal blood vessels. Interfascial spread patterns were identified.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Liege University Hospital, Liege, Belgium; †Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Saint-Joseph, Liege, Belgium; ‡Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; §Department of Anesthesiology, Clinique Ste Anne-St Remi, CHIREC, Brussels, Belgium; ‖Department of Anatomy, Liege University Hospital, Liege, Belgium; and ¶Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goffin
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lecoq
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ninane
authors.forename: Jean Francois
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Brichant
authors.forename: Xavi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sala-Blanch
authors.forename: Philippe E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Gautier
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bonnet
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carlier
authors.forename: Admir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hadzic
mesh_terms: D059925:Anatomic Landmarks; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002102:Cadaver; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004058:Diffusion; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D007717:Knee / Q000294:innervation* / Q000601:surgery; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004396:Coloring Agents; D008751:Methylene Blue