title: Methylation of the Constitutive Androstane Receptor Is Involved in the Suppression of CYP2C19 in Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most dangerous malignancies with an increasing incidence and a high mortality rate, represents a major international health problem. HCC progression is known to involve genome-wide alteration of epigenetic modifications, leading to aberrant gene expression patterns. The activity of CYP2C19, an important member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily, was reported to be compromised in HCC, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To understand whether epigenetic modification in HCC is associated with a change in CYP2C19 activity, we evaluated the expression levels of CYP2C19 and its transcription factors by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction using mRNA extracted from both primary hepatocytes and paired tumor versus nontumor liver tissues of patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). DNA methylation was examined by bisulfite sequencing and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. Our results indicated that CYP2C19 could be regulated by e-box methylation of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Decreased CYP2C19 expression in tumorous tissues of HBV-infected patients with HCC was highly correlated with suppressed expression and promoter hypermethylation of CAR. Our study demonstrates that aberrant CAR methylation is involved in CYP2C19 regulation in HBV-related HCC and may play a role in liver tumorigenesis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (X.T., W.L., Y.X., S.Z., S.C.); Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (L.G.); and Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China (Z.C., S.K.).
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (X.T., W.L., Y.X., S.Z., S.C.); Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (L.G.); and Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China (Z.C., S.K.).
authors.forename: Lele
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (X.T., W.L., Y.X., S.Z., S.C.); Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (L.G.); and Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China (Z.C., S.K.).
authors.forename: Zhongjian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (X.T., W.L., Y.X., S.Z., S.C.); Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (L.G.); and Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China (Z.C., S.K.).
authors.forename: Sisi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (X.T., W.L., Y.X., S.Z., S.C.); Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (L.G.); and Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China (Z.C., S.K.).
authors.forename: Wenhui
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (X.T., W.L., Y.X., S.Z., S.C.); Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (L.G.); and Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China (Z.C., S.K.).
authors.forename: Yingchun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (X.T., W.L., Y.X., S.Z., S.C.); Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (L.G.); and Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China (Z.C., S.K.).
authors.forename: Su
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (X.T., W.L., Y.X., S.Z., S.C.); Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (L.G.); and Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China (Z.C., S.K.) chenshuqing@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shuqing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000201:enzymology / Q000821:virology*; D000090702:Constitutive Androstane Receptor; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 / Q000378:metabolism*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000821:virology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000090702:Constitutive Androstane Receptor; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19