title: Interactive cost of Plasmodium infection and insecticide resistance in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae.
abstract: Insecticide resistance raises concerns for the control of vector-borne diseases. However, its impact on parasite transmission could be diverse when considering the ecological interactions between vector and parasite. Thus we investigated the fitness cost associated with insecticide resistance and Plasmodium falciparum infection as well as their interactive cost on Anopheles gambiae survival and fecundity. In absence of infection, we observed a cost on fecundity associated with insecticide resistance. However, survival was higher for mosquito bearing the kdr mutation and equal for those with the ace-1(R) mutation compared to their insecticide susceptible counterparts. Interestingly, Plasmodium infection reduced survival only in the insecticide resistant strains but not in the susceptible one and infection was associated with an increase in fecundity independently of the strain considered. This study provides evidence for a survival cost associated with infection by Plasmodium parasite only in mosquito selected for insecticide resistance. This suggests that the selection of insecticide resistance mutation may have disturbed the interaction between parasites and vectors, resulting in increased cost of infection. Considering the fitness cost as well as other ecological aspects of this natural mosquito-parasite combination is important to predict the epidemiological impact of insecticide resistance.
authors.affiliation: Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), UM1-UM2-CNRS 5290 IRD 224, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Haoues
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alout
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), 01 BP 545 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Roch K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Dabiré
authors.affiliation: Institut Régional de Santé Publique/Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 918 Cotonou, Bénin.
authors.forename: Luc S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Djogbénou
authors.affiliation: Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), UM1-UM2-CNRS 5290 IRD 224, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Abate
authors.affiliation: Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), UM1-UM2-CNRS 5290 IRD 224, Montpellier, France.|Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Corbel
authors.affiliation: Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), UM1-UM2-CNRS 5290 IRD 224, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chandre
authors.affiliation: Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), UM1-UM2-CNRS 5290 IRD 224, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cohuet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000235:genetics / Q000469:parasitology*; D005260:Female; D017344:Genes, Insect / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000469:parasitology*; D009154:Mutation; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000502:physiology*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide