title: Glial Na(+) -dependent ion transporters in pathophysiological conditions.
abstract: Sodium dynamics are essential for regulating functional processes in glial cells. Indeed, glial Na(+) signaling influences and regulates important glial activities, and plays a role in neuron-glia interaction under physiological conditions or in response to injury of the central nervous system (CNS). Emerging studies indicate that Na(+) pumps and Na(+) -dependent ion transporters in astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes regulate Na(+) homeostasis and play a fundamental role in modulating glial activities in neurological diseases. In this review, we first briefly introduced the emerging roles of each glial cell type in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and myelin diseases. Then, we discussed the current knowledge on the main roles played by the different glial Na(+) -dependent ion transporters, including Na(+) /K(+) ATPase, Na(+) /Ca(2+) exchangers, Na(+) /H(+) exchangers, Na(+) -K(+) -Cl(-) cotransporters, and Na(+) - HCO3- cotransporter in the pathophysiology of the diverse CNS diseases. We highlighted their contributions in cell survival, synaptic pathology, gliotransmission, pH homeostasis, and their role in glial activation, migration, gliosis, inflammation, and tissue repair processes. Therefore, this review summarizes the foundation work for targeting Na(+) -dependent ion transporters in glia as a novel strategy to control important glial activities associated with Na(+) dynamics in different neurological disorders. GLIA 2016;64:1677-1697.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boscia
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School.
authors.forename: Gulnaz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Begum
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7290-4397
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pignataro
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Rossana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sirabella
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Ornella
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cuomo
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casamassa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School.|Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213.
authors.forename: Dandan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Annunziato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D017136:Ion Transport / Q000502:physiology; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D012964:Sodium
keywords: Na+-HCO3- cotransporter; Na+-K+-Cl- cotransporter; Na+/Ca2+ exchanger; Na+/H+ exchanger; Na+/K+ ATPase; astrocytes; microglia; oligodendrocytes