title: Effects of Edaravone on Hippocampal Antioxidants in EL Mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of oxidative stress in susceptibility to seizures has been the focus of several recent studies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antiepileptic effects of the free radical scavenger edaravone on EL mice, a strain that is highly susceptible to convulsive seizures.
  
  
  METHODS
  EL mice were treated intraperitoneally with edaravone or saline for 1 week. The levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and 3 isozymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (cytoplasmic copper- and zinc-containing SOD, extracellular SOD, and mitochondrial manganese-containing SOD) were measured in the hippocampus, and electroencephalograms (EEGs) were used to evaluate seizure sensitivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hippocampal levels of GSSG were lower in the edaravone group than in the untreated control group, and the GSH/GSSG ratio, Cu/Zn-SOD, and EC-SOD activities were higher in the edaravone group. Edaravone shortened the duration of interictal spike discharges and clinically suppressed epileptic seizures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Edaravone increases antioxidant potency and reduces seizure susceptibility in EL mice, making it a promising novel antiepileptic agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School.
authors.forename: Asami
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Yoshiya L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Murashima
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Itoh
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D000983:Antipyrine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077553:Edaravone; D004569:Electroencephalography; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D012640:Seizures / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D000077553:Edaravone; D000983:Antipyrine; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide