title: Human bronchial epithelial cells injury and cytokine production induced by Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom: An in vitro study.
abstract: Tityus serrulatus is the scorpion specie responsible for the majority of scorpion sting accidents in Brazil. Symptoms of envenomation by Tityus serrulatus range from local pain to severe systemic reactions such as cardiac dysfunction and pulmonary edema. Thus, this study has evaluated the participation of bronchial epithelial cells in the pulmonary effects of Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom (Tsv). Human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B were utilized as a model target and were incubated with Tsv (10 or 50 μg/mL) for 1, 3, 6 and 24 h. Effects on cellular response of venom-induce cytotoxicity were examined including cell viability, cell integrity, cell morphology, apoptosis/necrosis as well as cell activation through the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8. Tsv caused a decrease in cell viability at 10 and 50 μg/mL, which was confirmed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) measurement. Flow cytometry analyses revealed necrosis as the main cell death pathway caused by Tsv. Furthermore, Tsv induced the release of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8. Altogether, these results demonstrate that Tsv induces cytotoxic effects on bronchial epithelial cells, involving necrosis and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that bronchial epithelial cells may play a role in the pulmonary injury caused by Tsv.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, Rua Vergueiro, 235, Liberdade CEP, 01504001 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vera Lucia Silva
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Rigoni
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Londrina, UEL, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid Km 380, Campus Universitário CEP, 86057970 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabio H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Kwasniewski
authors.affiliation: Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, Rua Vergueiro, 235, Liberdade CEP, 01504001 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodolfo Paula
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, Rua Vergueiro, 235, Liberdade CEP, 01504001 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ingrid Sestrem
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Linhares
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de Olinda, FMO, Rua Dr. Manoel de Almeida Belo, 1333, Bairro Novo, CEP, 53030-030, Olinda, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Joelmir Lucena Veiga
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Av. Lineu Prestes, 580 bloco 17, 05508000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nogueira-Pedro
authors.affiliation: Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, Rua Vergueiro, 235, Liberdade CEP, 01504001 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: stella.rz@uni9.pro.br.
authors.forename: Stella Regina
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Zamuner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009336:Necrosis; D012604:Scorpion Venoms / Q000633:toxicity*; D012605:Scorpions
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D012604:Scorpion Venoms
keywords: Bronchial epithelial cell; Citotoxicity; Cytokines; Necrosis; Tityus serrulatus venom