title: New species of Elaphomyces (Elaphomycetaceae, Eurotiales, Ascomycota) from tropical rainforests of Cameroon and Guyana.
abstract: The sequestrate false truffles Elaphomyces favosus, E. iuppitercellus, and E. labyrinthinus spp. nov. are described as new to science from the Dja Biosphere Reserve, Cameroon. Elaphomyces adamizans sp. nov. is described as new from the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana. The Cameroonian species are the first Elaphomyces taxa to be formally described from Africa, occurring in lowland Guineo-Congolian tropical rainforests dominated by the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) canopy tree Gilbertiodendron dewevrei (Fabaceae subfam. Caesalpinioideae). The Guyanese species is the third to be discovered in lowland tropical South America, occurring in forests dominated by the ECM trees Pakaraimaea dipterocarpacea (Dipterocarpaceae) and Dicymbe jenmanii (Fabaceae subfam. Caesalpinioideae). Macromorphological, micromorphological, habitat, and DNA sequence data are provided for each new species. Molecular and morphological data place these fungi in Elaphomycetaceae (Eurotiales, Ascomycota). Unique morphological features are congruent with molecular delimitation of each of the new species based on a phylogenetic analysis of the rDNA ITS and 28S loci across the Elaphomycetaceae. The phylogenetic analysis also suggests that a common ancestor is shared between some Elaphomyces species from Africa and South America, and that species of the stalked, volvate genus Pseudotulostoma may be nested in Elaphomyces.
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Castellano
authors.affiliation: Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK.
authors.forename: Bryn T M
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Dentinger
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, National Herbarium of Cameroon, PO Box 1601, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Séné
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Studies, Warren Wilson College, Asheville, NC 28815, USA.
authors.forename: Todd F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
authors.forename: Camille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Truong
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA 95521, USA;
authors.forename: Terry W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Henkel
keywords: Gilbertiodendron; Guiana Shield; Guineo-Congolian rainforest; Pakaraimaea; Uapaca; biogeography; ectomycorrhizal fungi; sequestrate fungi