title: Discovery of prostate specific antigen pattern to predict castration resistant prostate cancer of androgen deprivation therapy.
abstract: Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is an important biomarker to monitor the response to the treatment, but has not been fully utilized as a whole sequence. We used a longitudinal biomarker PSA to discover a new prognostic pattern that predicts castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) after androgen deprivation therapy.
  
  
  
  We transformed the longitudinal PSA into a discrete sequence, used frequent sequential pattern mining to find candidate patterns from the sequences, and selected the most predictive and informative pattern among the candidates.
  
  
  
  Patients were less likely to be CRPC if, after PSA values reach nadir, the PSA decreases more than 0.048 ng/ml during a month, and the decrease occurs again. This pattern significantly increased the accuracy of predicting CRPC by supplementing information provided by existing PSA patterns such as pretreatment PSA.
  
  
  
  This result can help clinicians to stratify men by the risk of CRPC and to determine the patient that needs intensive follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Creative IT Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yejin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Hyun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Youl
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Informatics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: In Young
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Creative IT Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, South Korea. hwanjoyu@postech.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hwanjo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D057225:Data Mining / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D064129:Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: Frequent sequential pattern mining; Longitudinal biomarker; Prediction; Prostate specific antigen