title: [Clinical evaluation of the optic disc in glaucoma].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glaucoma is defined as a progressive neuropathy of the optic nerve, characterized by specific changes of the optic disc, parapapillary region, and retinal nerve fiber layer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Characteristic glaucomatous changes of the optic disc, parapapillary region, and retinal nerve fiber layer are discussed and their ophthalmoscopic examination is described.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search in the PubMed database was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A systematic step-by-step approach to a qualitative and quantitative ophthalmoscopic evaluation of the optic disc regarding glaucomatous damage is presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A systematic, clinical, qualitative, and quantitative assessment of the optic disc can be performed with little effort and forms the basis for diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Klinikum, Universität Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland. roman.greslechner@ukr.de.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Greslechner
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Klinikum, Universität Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland.|Augenzentrum München Süd, München, Deutschland.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spiegel
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: Diagnosis; Disc Damage Likelihood Scale; Ophthalmoscopy; Optic nerve; Optic neuropathy