title: The Relationship of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome to Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome is a systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease with associated ophthalmic pathology. Glaucoma has been reported in patients with VKH. The purpose of this report is to examine the frequency and types of glaucoma associated with VKH.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective case series. Electronic medical records of patients with VKH were reviewed from two medical centers: Duke University and the University of North Carolina.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 45 eyes with VKH, 28 (62%) developed ocular hypertension (OHT) or glaucoma. In the patients with VKH and OHT/glaucoma, 18/28 (64%) had posterior synechiae and/or peripheral anterior synechiae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have shown a high prevalence of OHT and glaucoma in eyes with VKH. Furthermore, in addition to secondary open angle from corticosteroid treatment and uveitis, secondary angle closure resulting from posterior synechiae, frequently associated with iris bombé configuration, is an important cause of glaucoma in VKH eyes.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , North Carolina , USA.
authors.forename: Malini
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Veerappan
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , North Carolina , USA.|b Department of Ophthalmology , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fleischman
authors.affiliation: b Department of Ophthalmology , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA.
authors.forename: J Niklas
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Ulrich
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , North Carolina , USA.
authors.forename: Sandra S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Stinnett
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , North Carolina , USA.
authors.forename: Glenn J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Jaffe
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , North Carolina , USA.
authors.forename: R Rand
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Allingham
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014607:Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents
keywords: Angle closure glaucoma; Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada; peripheral anterior synechiae; posterior synechiae; steroid induced glaucoma