title: Microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Cyphomandra betacea and its biological activities.
abstract: Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the parameters for microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Cyphomandra betacea. The results showed a good fit with a second-order polynomial equation that was statistically acceptable at P<0.05. Optimal conditions for the extraction of polysaccharides were: extraction time, 2h; microwave power, 400W; extraction temperature, 60°C; and ratio of raw material to water 1:40 (g/mL). Under the optimized conditions, the yield of polysaccharides was found to be relatively high (about 36.52%). The in vitro biological activities of antioxidant and antitumor were evaluated. The IC50value of polysaccharides was found to be 3mg/mL. The percentage of Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Our results showed that polysaccharides inhibited proliferation of MCF-7 (Breast carcinoma), A549 (Human lung carcinoma) and HepG2 (Liver carcinoma) with an IC50of 0.23mg/mL, 0.17mg/mL and 0.62mg/mL respectively after 48h incubation. Polysaccharides were shown to promote apoptosis as seen in the nuclear morphological examination study using acridine orange (AO) and ethidium bromide (EB) staining. This is the first report on the effects of polysaccharides extracted from Cyphomandra betacea which exhibited stronger antioxidant and antitumor activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational Research, BIT Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamilnadu, India.
authors.forename: Senthil Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: C
authors.affiliation: Manufacturing and Industrial Processes Research Division, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham (Malaysia Campus), JalanBroga, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sivakumar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: M
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational Research, BIT Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamilnadu, India; National Facility for Drug Development for Academia, Pharmaceutical and Allied Industries, BIT campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, India. Electronic address: hodpharma@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ruckmani
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: K
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D006801:Humans; D008872:Microwaves; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D032322:Solanum / Q000737:chemistry*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014867:Water
keywords: Antioxidant; Antitumor; Cyphomandra betacea; Extraction; Microwave; Optimisation; Polysaccharides; RSM