title: Role of galectin-1 in urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma cell invasion through the JNK pathway.
abstract: Human galectin-1 is a member of the galectin family, proteins with conserved carbohydrate-recognition domains that bind galactoside. Galectin-1 is highly expressed in various tumors and participates in various oncogenic processes. However, detailed descriptions of the function of galectin-1 in urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma have not been reported. Our previous cohort investigation showed that galectin-1 is associated with tumor invasiveness and is a possible independent prognostic marker of urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma. The present study aimed to clarify the relevance of galectin-1 expression level to tumor progression and invasion. In order to decipher a mechanism for the contribution of galectin-1 to the malignant behavior of urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma, two bladder cancer cell lines (T24 and J82) were established with knockdown of galectin-1 expression by shRNA. Bladder cancer cells with LGALS1 gene silencing showed reduced cell proliferation, lower invasive capability, and lower clonogenicity. Extensive signaling pathway studies indicated that galectin-1 participated in bladder cancer cell invasion by mediating the activity of MMP9 through the Ras-Rac1-MEKK4-JNK-AP1 signaling pathway. Our functional analyses of galectin-1 in urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma provided novel insights into the critical role of galectin-1 in tumor progression and invasion. These results revealed that silencing the galectin-1-mediated MAPK signaling pathway presented a novel strategy for bladder cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.|Department of Urology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.|Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kun-Hung
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.|Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.|Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institute, Miaoli, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Lan-Hsiang
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.affiliation: Nan Pao Resins Chemical Company Ltd, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Hao
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.|Department of Senior Citizen Service Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Alex C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan. wutingfe@stust.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Ting-Feng
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000235:genetics; D037483:Galectin 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D037483:Galectin 1; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: Galectin-1; JNK; invasion; shRNA; urothelial bladder urinary carcinoma