title: Metabolite profiling study on the toxicological effects of polybrominated diphenyl ether in a rat model.
abstract: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are commonly used to retard the combustion of materials such as foam padding, textiles, or plastics, and numerous studies have confirmed the accumulation thereof in the environment and in fish, mammals, and humans. In this study, we used metabolomics to conduct an environmental risk assessment of the PBDE-209. We profiled the urinary metabolites of control and PBDE-treated rats (exposed to PBDE-209) using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). Global metabolic profiling indicated that the effects of PBDE-209 on the urinary metabolic profile were not significant. However, targeted metabolic profiling revealed progressive effects of PBDE-209 over a 7-day PBDE-209 treatment. Moreover, despite the weak PBDE-209 effects, we observed that choline, acetylcholine, 3-indoxylsulfate, creatinine, urea, and dimethyl sulfone levels were decreased, whereas that of pyruvate was significantly increased. Furthermore, we suggest that the increased pyruvate level and decreased levels of choline, acetylcholine, and uremic toxins were suggestive of endocrine disruption and neurodevelopmental toxicity caused by PBDEs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1262-1272, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, 120-140, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Sang
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, 120-140, Republic of Korea.|Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jueun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Mass Spectrometry & Advanced Instrumentation Group, Ochang Headquters, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 363-886, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jungju
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, 120-140, Republic of Korea.|Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Geum-Sook
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000652:urine; D000818:Animals; D002794:Choline / Q000652:urine; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D014508:Urea / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine; D002794:Choline; D000109:Acetylcholine
keywords: endocrine disruption; metabolomics; neurodevelopmental toxicity; nuclear magnetic resonance; polybrominated diphenyl ether