title: The facilitating effect of unfavorable lactation on the potentiation of electrocorticogram after spreading depression in awake and anesthetized adult rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is a brain excitability-related phenomenon that can be affected by unfavorable conditions of lactation and by anesthetic agents. We have previously demonstrated that after CSD the electrocorticogram (ECoG) amplitude increases significantly (ECoG potentiation). Here, we investigated this potentiation in awake and anesthetized adult rats that were previously suckled among different lactation conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Newborn rats were suckled in litters with 6 pups or 12 pups (L6or L12condition, respectively). At adulthood, we evaluated the ECoG potentiation after CSD at two cortical points (one point near, and another remote to the CSD-eliciting site). The amplitude of the ECoG waves was averaged with the support of an algorithm implemented in Matlab™ software. In both L6and L12condition, awake animals were compared with anesthetized groups that received either tribromoethanol- or urethane + chloralose-anesthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  L12rats presented significantly lower body- and brain weights than L6rats (P < 0.01), indicating a nutritional deficiency. The anesthetized L6groups presented with ECoG potentiation (P < 0.05) only in the near cortical recording point (28.0% and 32.6% increase for the tribromoethanol and urethane + chloralose groups, respectively), whereas the L12groups displayed ECoG potentiation in both near (67.0% and 55.0%) and remote points (37.0% and 20.0%), in comparison with the baseline values (before CSD).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest a facilitating effect of unfavorable lactation on the potentiation of ECoG after spreading depression in anesthetized adult rats. The potential implications for the human neurological health remain to be investigated.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nutrition , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , BR-50670901 , Recife - Pernambuco , Brazil.
authors.forename: Thays Kallyne
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Marinho de Souza
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nutrition , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , BR-50670901 , Recife - Pernambuco , Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Barros
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: E Silva-Gondim
authors.affiliation: b Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , BR-50670901 , Recife - Pernambuco , Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Cairrão Araújo
authors.initials: MCA
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nutrition , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , BR-50670901 , Recife - Pernambuco , Brazil.
authors.forename: Rubem Carlos Araújo
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2396-4019
authors.initials: RCA
authors.lastname: Guedes
mesh_terms: D000777:Anesthetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001835:Body Weight; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects; D013181:Cortical Spreading Depression; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000069280:Electrocorticography; D000431:Ethanol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; C062527:tribromoethanol; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Anesthetic agents; ECoG potentiation; Rats; Spreading depression; Unfavorable lactation