title: Effectiveness of Hypochlorous Acid to Reduce the Biofilms on Titanium Alloy Surfaces in Vitro.
abstract: Chemotherapeutic agents have been used as an adjunct to mechanical debridement for peri-implantitis treatment. The present in vitro study evaluated and compared the effectiveness of hypochlorous acid (HOCl), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and chlorhexidine (CHX) at eliminating Gram-negative (E. coli and P. gingivalis) and Gram-positive (E. faecalis and S. sanguinis) bacteria. The effect of irrigating volume and exposure time on the antimicrobial efficacy of HOCl was evaluated, and a durability analysis was completed. Live/dead staining, morphology observation, alamarBlue assay, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) detection were examined on grit-blasted and biofilm-contaminated titanium alloy discs after treatment with the three chemotherapeutic agents. The results indicated that HOCl exhibited better antibacterial efficacy with increasing irrigating volumes. HOCl achieved greater antibacterial efficacy as treatment time was increased. A decrease in antimicrobial effectiveness was observed when HOCl was unsealed and left in contact with the air. All the irrigants showed antibacterial activity and killed the majority of bacteria on the titanium alloy surfaces of biofilm-contaminated implants. Moreover, HOCl significantly lowered the LPS concentration of P. gingivalis when compared with NaOCl and CHX. Thus, a HOCl antiseptic may be effective for cleaning biofilm-contaminated implant surfaces.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oral Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan. ccz1001@yahoo.com.tw.
authors.forename: Chun-Ju
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan. fw3256@yahoo.com.tw.|Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 402, Taiwan. fw3256@yahoo.com.tw.
authors.forename: Chun-Cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oral Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan. sjding@csmu.edu.tw.|School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan. sjding@csmu.edu.tw.|Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 402, Taiwan. sjding@csmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Shinn-Jyh
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid; D014025:Titanium
keywords: antimicrobial activity; antiseptics; dental implant; hypochlorite acid