title: Association study of DRD2 A2/A1, DRD3 Ser9Gly, DβH -1021C>T, OPRM1 A118G and GRIK1 rs2832407C>A polymorphisms with alcohol dependence.
abstract: The reinforcing effects of alcohol are mediated through complex interactions between multiple neurochemical systems. Genes of dopaminergic (DRD2, DRD3 and DβH), opioid (OPRM1) and glutaminergic (GRIK1) systems mediate the dependent behavior via different mechanisms; however, they all target the serotonergic and dopaminergic pathways in the ventral tegmental area.
  
  
  
  In the present study, DRD2 A2/A1, DRD3 Ser9Gly, DβH -1021C>T, OPRM1 A118G and GRIK1 rs2832407C>A polymorphisms and their interactions were analyzed in 72 alcohol-dependent patients and 74 controls of Greek-Cypriot origin, using the PCR-RFLP method.
  
  
  
  No differences were found in the genotype or allele distribution of DRD2 A2/A1, DRD3 Ser9Gly, DβH -1021C>T, OPRM1 A118G and GRIK1 rs2832407C>A between alcohol-dependent patients and controls. Additionally, we did not find any gene×gene interactions in association with alcohol dependence in the studied population.
  
  
  
  Alcohol dependence is a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. In the present study, we have shown that DRD2 A2/A1, DRD3 Ser9Gly, DβH -1021C>T, OPRM1 A118G and GRIK1 rs2832407C>A are not associated with this dependent behavior alone or in interaction.
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ragia
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Veresies
authors.forename: Louiza
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Veresie
authors.forename: Kyriakos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Veresies
authors.forename: Vangelis G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Manolopoulos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004299:Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics*; D004843:Epistasis, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics*; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3 / Q000235:genetics*; D018092:Kainic Acid Receptors / Q000235:genetics*; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004299:Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3; D018092:Kainic Acid Receptors; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; C581293:DRD2 protein, human; C493593:DRD3 protein, human; C485764:OPRM1 protein, human