title: A pH-sensitive stearoyl-PEG-poly(methacryloyl sulfadimethoxine)-decorated liposome system for protein delivery: An application for bladder cancer treatment.
abstract: Stealth pH-responsive liposomes for the delivery of therapeutic proteins to the bladder epithelium were prepared using methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)5kDa-1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (mPEG5kDa-DSPE) and stearoyl-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(methacryloyl sulfadimethoxine) copolymer (stearoyl-PEG-polySDM), which possesses an apparent pKa of 7.2. Liposomes of 0.2:0.6:100, 0.5:1.5:100 and 1:3:100 mPEG5kDa-DSPE/stearoyl-PEG-polySDM/(soybean phosphatidylcholine+cholesterol) molar ratios were loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a protein model. The loading capacity was 1.3% w/w BSA/lipid. At pH7.4, all liposome formulations displayed a negative zeta-potential and were stable for several days. By pH decrease or addition to mouse urine, the zeta potential strongly decreased, and the liposomes underwent a rapid size increase and aggregation. Photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses showed that the extent of the aggregation depended on the stearoyl-PEG-polySDM/lipid molar ratio. Cytofluorimetric analysis and confocal microscopy showed that at pH6.5, the incubation of MB49 mouse bladder cancer cells and macrophages with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled-BSA (FITC-BSA) loaded and N-(Lissamine Rhodamine B sulfonyl)-1, 2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine triethylammonium salt (rhodamine-DHPE) labelled 1:3:100 mPEG5kDa-DSPE/stearoyl-PEG-polySDM/lipid molar ratio liposomes resulted in a time-dependent liposome association with the cells. At pH7.4, the association of BSA-loaded liposomes with the MB49 cells and macrophages was remarkably lower than at pH6.5. Confocal images of bladder sections revealed that 2h after the instillation, liposomes at pH7.4 and control non-responsive liposomes at pH7.4 or 6.5 did not associate nor delivered FITC-BSA to the bladder epithelium. On the contrary, the pH-responsive liposome formulation set at pH6.5 and soon administered to mice by bladder instillation showed that, 2h after administration, the pH-responsive liposomes efficiently delivered the loaded FITC-BSA to the bladder epithelium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vila-Caballer
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Gaia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Codolo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Munari
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malfanti
authors.affiliation: Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 61, 35121 Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fassan
authors.affiliation: Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 61, 35121 Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rugge
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balasso
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy. Electronic address: marina.debernard@unipd.it.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Bernard
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy. Electronic address: stefano.salmaso@unipd.it.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salmaso
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000378:metabolism*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008081:Liposomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000378:metabolism*; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000378:metabolism*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000378:metabolism; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D008081:Liposomes; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D013449:Sulfonamides; C039217:fluorescein isothiocyanate bovine serum albumin; C000599415:stearoyl-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(methacryloyl sulfadimethoxine) copolymer; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
keywords: Bladder cancer treatment; Protein delivery; Tumour targeting; pH-responsive liposomes