title: Fluorescein Angiographic Findings in Patients with Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the retina of patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), irrespective of their visual acuity or fundus examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive study was performed on 30 patients with active SLE; disease activity was calculated using The Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Fundus examination and FFA angiography were done to all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 60 eyes of 30 patients were included. Their mean age was 32.6 ± 1.17 years. All patients showed disease activity at time of examination according to SLEDAI. Retinopathy was detected by FAF in 24 eyes (40%), 10 eyes of which had normal fundus examination. SLEDAI was positively correlated to the presence of retinopathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All patients with ocular lupus should be carefully evaluated for systemic involvement and, vice versa, all patients diagnosed with SLE should have a thorough ocular examination and FFA, even if they had normal fundus.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Medicine , Ophthalmology Department, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt.
authors.forename: Doaa A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Tolba
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Medicine , Ophthalmology Department, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt.
authors.forename: Dina M S
authors.initials: DMS
authors.lastname: El-Fayoumi
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Medicine , Ophthalmology Department, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt.
authors.forename: Magda S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Abdelaziz
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Medicine , Ophthalmology Department, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt.
authors.forename: Mustafa H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Nabih
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Fundus fluorescein angiography; retinopathy; systemic lupus erythematous