title: Maternal Prenatal Nutrition and Birth Outcomes on Malnutrition among 7- to 10-Year-Old Children: A 10-Year Follow-Up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify postnatal predictors of malnutrition among 7- to 10-year-old children and to assess the long-term effects of antenatal micronutrient supplementation on malnutrition.
  
  
  METHODS
  A follow-up study was conducted to assess the nutritional status of 7- to 10-year-olds (1747 children) whose mothers participated in a cluster-randomized double-blind controlled trial from 2002 to 2006.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of malnourished 7- to 10-year-olds was 11.1%. A mixed-effects logistic regression model adjusted for the cluster-sampling design indicated that mothers with low prepregnant midupper arm circumference had boys with an increased risk of thinness (aOR  2.05, 95% CI  1.11, 3.79) and girls who were more likely to be underweight (aOR 2.01, 95% CI 1.05, 3.85). Antenatal micronutrient supplementation was not significantly associated with malnutrition. Low birth weight was significantly associated with increased odds of malnutrition among boys (aOR 4.34, 95% CI 1.82, 10.39) and girls (aOR  7.50, 95% CI 3.48, 16.13). Being small for gestational age significantly increased the odds of malnutrition among boys (aOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.01, 3.04) and girls (aOR 4.20, 95% CI  2.39, 7.39). In addition, household wealth, parental height, being picky eater, and illness frequency also predicted malnutrition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both maternal prenatal nutrition and adverse birth outcomes are strong predictors of malnutrition among early school-aged children. Currently, available evidence is insufficient to support long-term effects of antenatal micronutrient supplementation on children's nutrition.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  www.isrctn.com: ISRCTN08850194.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Lingxia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Shaonong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Leilei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
authors.forename: Wenlong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Nutrition and Food Safety Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. Electronic address: xjtu_yh.paper@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D015362:Child Nutrition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000150:complications*; D009035:Mothers; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: adverse birth outcomes; child malnutrition; early school-aged; follow-up study; maternal prenatal nutrition