title: Percutaneous Intervention for Myocardial Infarction After Noncardiac Surgery: Patient Characteristics and Outcomes.
abstract: Few studies have explored percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in perioperative myocardial infarction (PMI), even though PMI is a major cause of mortality in patients undergoing urgent/emergent noncardiac surgery.
  
  
  
  This study sought to describe the angiographic characteristics and outcomes in patients presenting to the cardiac catheterization laboratory for myocardial infarction sustained after undergoing noncardiac surgery, with a detailed analysis of those undergoing PCI.
  
  
  
  We included all patients presenting to the catheterization laboratory at our institution after PMI from 2003 to 2012, who had noncardiac surgery within the previous 7 days. Data from patients who underwent PCI were analyzed using both standard regression and time-to-event survival analysis.
  
  
  
  From 2003 to 2012, 1,093 patients with 3,832 person-years of follow-up underwent diagnostic coronary angiography, of whom 281 (40 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI] and 241 non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction [NSTEMI] cases) underwent PCI. Using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, we found 30-day mortality was 5.2% and 1-year mortality was 15% in the overall population. In the PCI subpopulation, we estimated 30-day mortality to be 11.3%. The 30-day death rate in the STEMI cohort was 31.2% and 8.5% in the NSTEMI cohort of the PCI subpopulation. Stepwise logistic regression revealed the following factors as strong predictors of 30-day mortality after PCI: bleeding event after PCI (odds ratio [OR]: 4.33; 95% confidence limits (CL): 1.52 to 12.30), peak troponin T level (OR: 1.20; 95% CL: 1.08 to 1.34), and underlying peripheral vascular disease (OR: 4.86; 95% CL: 1.66 to 14.22). Cox proportional hazard analysis of survival data showed that increasing age (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.03; 95% CL: 1.01 to 1.04), bleeding after PCI (HR: 2.31; 95% CL: 1.61 to 3.32), renal insufficiency (HR: 2.26; 95% CL: 1.51 to 3.39]), and vascular surgery (HR: 1.48; 95% CL: 1.02 to 2.15]) were all significant predictors of long-term mortality after PCI.
  
  
  
  Perioperative MI has a markedly high mortality rate, despite PCI. Bleeding event, peak troponin T level, and peripheral vascular disease predict mortality within 30 days of PCI in this patient population. Similarly, older age, vascular surgery, bleeding event, and renal dysfunction strongly predict long-term mortality after PCI in the setting of PMI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Akhil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parashar
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Shikhar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Amar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krishnaswamy
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Karan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sud
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Kanhaiya L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Poddar
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Mehak
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bassi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: E Murat
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Tuzcu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Venu
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. Electronic address: kapadis@ccf.org.
authors.forename: Samir R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kapadia
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D009820:Ohio / Q000453:epidemiology; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000379:methods*; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: noncardiac surgery; percutaneous intervention; perioperative myocardial infarction