title: Primary Baerveldt Shunt Implantation: Outcomes and Complications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study is a retrospective case series to evaluate the outcomes and complications of Baerveldt glaucoma implant surgery (BGI) in patients without prior cataract or incisional glaucoma surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who underwent 350-mm2BGI through the Glaucoma Service of the University of Illinois at Chicago between 2010 and 2015 were included in this study. Outcome measures included age, sex, ethnicity, operated eye, preoperative diagnosis, preoperative, and sequential postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity, glaucoma medications, and postoperative complication and interventions. Statistical analyses were performed using the two-sided Student t test for continuous variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-seven patients were studied. IOP was consistently and statistically significantly lower at 3 months (17.4 ± 6.4, p = 3 × 10-7), 6 months (13.9 ± 5.1, p = 2 × 10-11), 1 year (12.2 ± 4.0, p = 9 × 10-10), and 2 years (14.6 ± 3.3, p = 0.0004) postoperatively compared to IOP at baseline (27.5 ± 8.1). Fewer glaucoma medications were used at 3 months (2.8 ± 1.3, p = 0.04), 6 months (2.6 ± 1.2, p = 0.02), 1 year (2.7 ± 1.7, p = 0.04), and 2 years (2.0 ± 1.2, p = 0.03) postoperatively compared to baseline (3.4 ± 1.1). A total of six cases (16%) had failure. A total of five patients (15%) had postoperative complications. Mean Snellen visual acuity was not statistically different at 6 months (0.5 ± 0.6, p = 0.88) or 1 year (0.4 ± 0.4, p = 0.57) postoperatively from baseline (0.5 ± 0.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary BGI is effective at reducing IOP and the medication burden in patients suffering glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Further randomized prospective studies are needed to compare various procedures in the primary surgical management of patients with uncontrolled glaucoma.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This study was funded by an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness.
authors.affiliation: Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Abed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Namavari
authors.affiliation: Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hyde
authors.affiliation: Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Thasarat S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Vajaranant
authors.affiliation: Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. ahmadaref@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ahmad A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Aref
keywords: Baerveldt glaucoma implant; Complications; Glaucoma; Glaucoma surgery; Glaucoma therapy; Tube shunt