title: Effectiveness of a Communication for Behavioral Impact (COMBI) Intervention to Reduce Salt Intake in a Vietnamese Province Based on Estimations From Spot Urine Samples.
abstract: This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Communication for Behavioral Impact (COMBI)-Eat Less Salt intervention conducted in Viet Tri, Vietnam. The behavior change intervention was implemented in four wards and four communes for one year, which included mass media communication, school interventions, community programs, and focus on high-risk groups. Mean sodium excretion was estimated from spot urine samples using different equations. A subsample provided 24-hour urine to validate estimates from spot urine. Information about salt-related knowledge and behaviors was also collected. There were 513 participants at both baseline and follow-up. Mean sodium excretion estimated from spot urines fell significantly from 8.48 g/d at baseline to 8.05 g/d at follow-up (P=.001). All spot equations demonstrated a significant reduction in sodium levels; however, the change was smaller than the measured 24-hour urine. Participants showed improved knowledge and behaviors following the intervention. The COMBI intervention was effective in lowering average population salt intake and improving knowledge and behaviors.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Nutrition, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Ha Thi Phuong
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Do
authors.affiliation: The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Joseph Alvin
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Trieu
authors.affiliation: The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Nutrition, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Mai Bach
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: The World Health Organization Office, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Duc Truong
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bauman
authors.affiliation: The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia. jwebster@georgeinstitute.org.au.
authors.forename: Jacqui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Webster
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003142:Communication; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015397:Program Evaluation; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000652:urine*; D014744:Vietnam
chemical_list: D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary