title: Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage Between Nano-Ionomer, Giomer and Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement in Class V Cavities- CLSM Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Marginal integrity of adhesive restorative materials provides better sealing ability for enamel and dentin and plays an important role in success of restoration in Class V cavities. Restorative material with good marginal adaptation improves the longevity of restorations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Aim of this study was to evaluate microleakage in Class V cavities which were restored with Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC), Giomer and Nano-Ionomer.
  
  
  METHODS
  This in-vitro study was performed on 60 human maxillary and mandibular premolars which were extracted for orthodontic reasons. A standard wedge shaped defect was prepared on the buccal surfaces of teeth with the gingival margin placed near Cemento Enamel Junction (CEJ). Teeth were divided into three groups of 20 each and restored with RMGIC, Giomer and Nano-Ionomer and were subjected to thermocycling. Teeth were then immersed in 0.5% Rhodamine B dye for 48 hours. They were sectioned longitudinally from the middle of cavity into mesial and distal parts. The sections were observed under Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) to evaluate microleakage. Depth of dye penetration was measured in millimeters.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data was analysed using the Kruskal Wallis test. Pair wise comparison was done with Mann Whitney U Test. A p-value<0.05 is taken as statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nano-Ionomer showed less microleakage which was statistically significant when compared to Giomer (p=0.0050). Statistically no significant difference was found between Nano Ionomer and RMGIC (p=0.3550). There was statistically significant difference between RMGIC and Giomer (p=0.0450).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nano-Ionomer and RMGIC showed significantly less leakage and better adaptation than Giomer and there was no statistically significant difference between Nano-Ionomer and RMGIC.
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, St. Joseph Dental College & Hospital , Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Indira Priyadarshini
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Bollu
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Periodontics, St. Joseph Dental College & Hospital , Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Archana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hari
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head of Department, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, St. Joseph Dental College & Hospital , Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Jayaprakash
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thumu
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences , Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Lakshmi Deepa
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Velagula
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head of Department, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences , Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Nagesh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bolla
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences , Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Sujana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Varri
authors.affiliation: Consultant, Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeon, Global Multispecialty Dental Care , Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Srikanth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasaraneni
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, St. Joseph Dental College & Hospital , Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Siva Venkata Malathi
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Nalli
keywords: Beautifil II; Dye penetration; Ketac N 100; Marginal adaptation; Rhodamine B dye