title: A comprehensive and comparative GC-MS metabolomics study of non-volatiles in Tanzanian grown mango, pineapple, jackfruit, baobab and tamarind fruits.
abstract: Tropical fruits contribute significantly to the total fruit intake worldwide. However, their metabolomes have not yet been investigated comprehensively, as most previous studies revealed only volatile and bulk compositions. This study compares non-volatile metabolites of five fruits grown in Tanzania. A new methodology is developed for broad-spectrum GC-MS metabolomics in fruits using a new derivatization and a two dimensional peak deconvolution techniques. A total of 92 peaks were detected from fruits of which 45 were identified. Jackfruits contained the highest amount of carbohydrates, while baobab contained the highest amount of fatty acids. The highest content of organic acids was detected in tamarind. Principal component analysis revealed insights into metabolic differences and similarities, while hierarchical cluster analysis correctly grouped the fruits according to their relationships in plants' phylogenetic tree. The developed methodology could potentially be applied in large-scale studies on fruit quality, authenticity/variety, optimization of post-harvest processing and storage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Electronic address: bzo@food.ku.dk.
authors.forename: Bekzod
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Khakimov
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O Box 3006, Morogoro, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Mongi
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Klavs M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O Box 3006, Morogoro, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Bernadette K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Ndabikunze
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O Box 3006, Morogoro, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Bernard E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Chove
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Søren Balling
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Engelsen
mesh_terms: D035162:Adansonia / Q000378:metabolism*; D031230:Ananas / Q000378:metabolism*; D031622:Artocarpus / Q000378:metabolism*; D005638:Fruit / Q000378:metabolism; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D031022:Mangifera / Q000378:metabolism*; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D010802:Phylogeny; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000378:metabolism; D029861:Tamarindus / Q000378:metabolism*; D013636:Tanzania
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Baobab; GC–MS; Jackfruit; Mango; Metabolomics; PARAFAC2; Pineapple; Tamarind; Tanzanian fruits; Trimethylsilyl cyanide