title: Solid-state, triboelectrostatic and dissolution characteristics of spray-dried piroxicam-glucosamine solid dispersions.
abstract: This work explores the use of both spray drying and d-glucosamine HCl (GLU) as a hydrophilic carrier to improve the dissolution rate of piroxicam (PXM) whilst investigating the electrostatic charges associated with the spray drying process. Spray dried PXM:GLU solid dispersions were prepared and characterised (XRPD, DSC, SEM). Dissolution and triboelectric charging were also conducted. The results showed that the spray dried PXM alone, without GLU produced some PXM form II (DSC results) with no enhancement in solubility relative to that of the parent PXM. XRPD results also showed the spray drying process to decrease the crystallinity of GLU and solid dispersions produced. The presence of GLU improved the dissolution rate of PXM. Spray dried PXM: GLU at a ratio of 2:1 had the most improved dissolution. The spray drying process generally yielded PXM-GLU spherical particles of around 2.5μm which may have contributed to the improved dissolution. PXM showed a higher tendency for charging in comparison to the carrier GLU (-3.8 versus 0.5nC/g for untreated material and -7.5 versus 3.1nC/g for spray dried materials). Spray dried PXM and spray dried GLU demonstrated higher charge densities than untreated PXM and untreated GLU, respectively. Regardless of PXM:GLU ratio, all spray dried PXM:GLU solid dispersions showed a negligible charge density (net-CMR: 0.1-0.3nC/g). Spray drying of PXM:GLU solid dispersions can be used to produce formulation powders with practically no charge and thereby improving handling as well as dissolution behaviour of PXM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
authors.forename: Adeola O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Adebisi
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Wolverhampton, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, UK.
authors.forename: Waseem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kaialy
authors.affiliation: The Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solids Handling Technology, Medway School of Engineering, University of Greenwich, Kent, UK.
authors.forename: Tariq
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent, Central Avenue, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK.
authors.forename: Hiba
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Al-Hamidi
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Arundel Building, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK; Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz Medical Sciences University, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nokhodchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
authors.forename: Barbara R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK. Electronic address: k.asare-addo@hud.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Kofi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asare-Addo
mesh_terms: D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003890:Desiccation; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D005944:Glucosamine / Q000737:chemistry*; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000737:chemistry*; D011208:Powders / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D055672:Static Electricity; D013499:Surface Properties; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D011208:Powders; D010894:Piroxicam; D005944:Glucosamine
keywords: Dissolution; Electrostatics; Piroxicam; Solid dispersions; Spray drying; d-Glucosamine HCl