title: Frequency-specific alterations in functional connectivity in treatment-resistant and -sensitive major depressive disorder.
abstract: Major depressive disorder (MDD) may involve alterations in brain functional connectivity in multiple neural circuits and present large-scale network dysfunction. Patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and treatment-sensitive depression (TSD) show different responses to antidepressants and aberrant brain functions. This study aims to investigate functional connectivity patterns of TRD and TSD at the whole brain resting state. Seventeen patients with TRD, 17 patients with TSD, and 17 healthy controls matched with age, gender, and years of education were recruited in this study. The brain was divided using an automated anatomical labeling atlas into 90 regions of interest, which were used to construct the entire brain functional networks. An analysis method called network-based statistic was used to explore the dysconnected subnetworks of TRD and TSD at different frequency bands. At resting state, TSD and TRD present characteristic patterns of network dysfunction at special frequency bands. The dysconnected subnetwork of TSD mainly lies in the fronto-parietal top-down control network. Moreover, the abnormal neural circuits of TRD are extensive and complex. These circuits not only depend on the abnormal affective network but also involve other networks, including salience network, auditory network, visual network, and language processing cortex. Our findings reflect that the pathological mechanism of TSD may refer to impairment in cognitive control, whereas TRD mainly triggers the dysfunction of emotion processing and affective cognition. This study reveals that differences in brain functional connectivity at resting state reflect distinct pathophysiological mechanisms in TSD and TRD. These findings may be helpful in differentiating two types of MDD and predicting treatment responses.
authors.affiliation: Center for Information in BioMedicine, Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; Mental Health Center, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China.
authors.forename: Zongling
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: School of Political Science and Public Administration, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Center for Information in BioMedicine, Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
authors.forename: Junjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Center for Information in BioMedicine, Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
authors.forename: Xujun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Center for Information in BioMedicine, Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
authors.forename: Yajing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Center for Information in BioMedicine, Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Center for Information in BioMedicine, Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
authors.forename: Shaoqiang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Center for Information in BioMedicine, Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
authors.forename: Zhiliang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Center for Information in BioMedicine, Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
authors.forename: Yifeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Center for Information in BioMedicine, Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
authors.forename: Jiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Center for Information in BioMedicine, Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
authors.forename: Jingping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Center for Information in BioMedicine, Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China. Electronic address: chenhf@uestc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Huafu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003658:Decision Making, Computer-Assisted; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D061218:Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Functional connectivity; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Major depressive disorder; Resting state; Treatment-resistant depression; Treatment-sensitive depression