title: Trimethyltin-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration: A mechanism-based review.
abstract: Trimethyltin (TMT), a toxic organotin compound, induces neurodegeneration selectively involving the limbic system and especially prominent in the hippocampus. Neurodegeneration-associated behavioral abnormalities, such as hyperactivity, aggression, cognitive deficits, and epileptic seizures, occur in both exposed humans and experimental animal models. Previously, TMT had been used generally in industry and agriculture, but the use of TMT has been limited because of its dangers to people. TMT has also been used to make a promising in vivo rodent model of neurodegeneration because of its region-specific characteristics. Several studies have demonstrated that TMT-treated animal models of epileptic seizures can be used as tools for researching hippocampus-specific neurotoxicity as well as the molecular mechanisms leading to hippocampal neurodegeneration. This review summarizes the in vivo and in vitro underlying mechanisms of TMT-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration (oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and neuronal death/survival). Thus, the present review may be helpful to provide general insights into TMT-induced neurodegeneration and approaches to therapeutic interventions for neurodegenerative diseases, including temporal lobe epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sueun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Institute for Environmental Science, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk 54538, South Korea.
authors.forename: Miyoung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jinwook
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sohi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea.
authors.forename: Juhwan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Choon
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, South Korea.
authors.forename: Chaeyong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea.
authors.forename: Taekyun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea. Electronic address: moonc@chonnam.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Changjong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000139:chemically induced*; D009947:Organotin Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D014298:Trimethyltin Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D009947:Organotin Compounds; D014298:Trimethyltin Compounds; C046488:trimethyltin
keywords: Hippocampus; Inflammation; Neurodegeneration; Oxidative stress; Trimethyltin