title: The effect of reusing wipes for particle collection.
abstract: Sample collection for Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS) analysis is typically completed by swiping a collection wipe over a suspect surface to collect trace residues. The work presented here addresses the need for a method to measure the collection efficiency performance of surface wipe materials as a function of the number of times a wipe is used to interrogate a surface. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of wipe reuse, i.e., the number of times a wipe is swiped across a surface, on the overall particle collection and IMS response. Two types of collection wipes (Teflon coated fiberglass and Nomex) were examined by swiping multiple times, ranging from 0 to 1000, over representative surfaces that are common to security screening environments. Particle collection efficiencies were determined by fluorescence microscopy and particle counting techniques, and were shown to improve dramatically with increased number of swiping cycles. Ion mobility spectrometry was used to evaluate the chemical response of known masses of explosives (deposited after reusing wipes) as a function of the wipe reuse number. Results show that chemical response can be negatively affected, and greatly depends upon the conditions of the surface in which the wipe is interrogating. For most parameters tested, the PCE increased after the wipe was reused several times. Swiping a dusty cardboard surface multiple times also caused an increase in particle collection efficiency but a decrease in IMS response. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed significant surface degradation of the wipes on dusty cardboard at the micrometer spatial scale level for Teflon coated wipes. Additionally, several samples were evaluated by including a seven second thermal desorption cycle at 235°C into each swipe sampling interval in order to represent the IMS heating cycle. Results were similar to studies conducted without this heating cycle, suggesting that the primary mechanism for wipe deterioration is mechanical rather than thermal.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Mailstop 8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Staymates
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Mailstop 8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
authors.forename: Matthew E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Staymates
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Mailstop 8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lawrence
keywords: Explosives; Ion mobility spectrometry; Narcotics; Particle collection; Swiping; Trace detection