title: First DNA Barcode Reference Library for the Identification of South American Freshwater Fish from the Lower Paraná River.
abstract: Valid fish species identification is essential for biodiversity conservation and fisheries management. Here, we provide a sequence reference library based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I for a valid identification of 79 freshwater fish species from the Lower Paraná River. Neighbour-joining analysis based on K2P genetic distances formed non-overlapping clusters for almost all species with a ≥99% bootstrap support each. Identification was successful for 97.8% of species as the minimum genetic distance to the nearest neighbour exceeded the maximum intraspecific distance in all these cases. A barcoding gap of 2.5% was apparent for the whole data set with the exception of four cases. Within-species distances ranged from 0.00% to 7.59%, while interspecific distances varied between 4.06% and 19.98%, without considering Odontesthes species with a minimum genetic distance of 0%. Sequence library validation was performed by applying BOLDs BIN analysis tool, Poisson Tree Processes model and Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery, along with a reliable taxonomic assignment by experts. Exhaustive revision of vouchers was performed when a conflicting assignment was detected after sequence analysis and BIN discordance evaluation. Thus, the sequence library presented here can be confidently used as a benchmark for identification of half of the fish species recorded for the Lower Paraná River.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET-UNR), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.affiliation: Area Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.|Laboratorio de Biotecnología Acuática (FCByF-UNR/SeCTEI-Santa Fe), Acuario del río Paraná, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
authors.forename: Gabriela Vanina
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Villanova
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA, CONICET-UNLP), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Florencia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brancolini
authors.affiliation: Area Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Del Pazo
authors.affiliation: Area Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
authors.forename: Victoria Maria
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Posner
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biotecnología Acuática (FCByF-UNR/SeCTEI-Santa Fe), Acuario del río Paraná, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grimberg
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET-UNR), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.|Area Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.|Laboratorio de Biotecnología Acuática (FCByF-UNR/SeCTEI-Santa Fe), Acuario del río Paraná, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
authors.forename: Silvia Eda
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Arranz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D058893:DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic / Q000379:methods*; D005399:Fishes / Q000235:genetics*; D005618:Fresh Water; D015723:Gene Library; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005843:Geography; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D045483:Rivers; D013020:South America; D013045:Species Specificity