title: The dysconnection hypothesis (2016).
abstract: Twenty years have passed since the dysconnection hypothesis was first proposed (Friston and Frith, 1995; Weinberger, 1993). In that time, neuroscience has witnessed tremendous advances: we now live in a world of non-invasive neuroanatomy, computational neuroimaging and the Bayesian brain. The genomics era has come and gone. Connectomics and large-scale neuroinformatics initiatives are emerging everywhere. So where is the dysconnection hypothesis now? This article considers how the notion of schizophrenia as a dysconnection syndrome has developed - and how it has been enriched by recent advances in clinical neuroscience. In particular, we examine the dysconnection hypothesis in the context of (i) theoretical neurobiology and computational psychiatry; (ii) the empirical insights afforded by neuroimaging and associated connectomics - and (iii) how bottom-up (molecular biology and genetics) and top-down (systems biology) perspectives are converging on the mechanisms and nature of dysconnections in schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK. Electronic address: k.friston@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Friston
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, University of Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Harriet R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Translational Neuromodeling Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Siemerkus
authors.affiliation: Translational Neuromodeling Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Klaas E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Stephan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008959:Models, Neurological; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Bayesian; Dysconnection; Neurogenetics; Neuromodulation; Predictive coding; Schizophrenia