title: GPX1 Pro198Leu polymorphism and GSTM1 deletion do not affect selenium and mercury status in mildly exposed Amazonian women in an urban population.
abstract: Mercury is potent toxicant element, but its toxicity can be reduced by forming a complex with selenium for safe excretion. Considering the impact of mercury exposure in the Amazon region and the possible interaction between these two elements, we aimed to assess the effects of Pro198Leu polymorphism to GPX1 and GSTM1 deletion, on mercury levels in a population from Porto Velho, an urban locality in the Brazilian Amazon region. Two hundred women from the capital city of Rondônia state were recruited for this study with 149 deemed suitable to participate. We assessed dietary intake using 24-hour recall. Selenium levels in plasma and erythrocytes were measured using hydride generation quartz tube atomic absorption spectroscopy and total hair mercury using cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. Oxidative stress parameters (GPx activity, oxygen radical absorbency capacity [ORAC] and malondialdehyde [MDA]) were also analyzed. All participants were genotyped for Pro198Leu polymorphism and GSTM1 deletion. We observed that this population presented high prevalence of selenium deficiency, and also low levels of mercury, likely due to food habits that did not include selenium-rich food sources or significant consumption of fish (mercury biomagnifiers) regularly. Univariate statistical analysis showed that Pro198Leu and GSTM1 genotypes did not affect selenium and mercury levels in this population. Pro198Leu polymorphism and GSTM1 deletion had no effect on mercury levels in mildly exposed people, suggesting these genetic variants impact mercury levels only in highly exposed populations.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ariana V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. Electronic address: barbara.rita@florey.edu.au.
authors.forename: Bárbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rita Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zavarize
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kaluce
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Almondes
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA), Research Reactor Centre, IPEN - Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bordon
authors.affiliation: The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Elemental Bio-Imaging Facility, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Dominic J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hare
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA), Research Reactor Centre, IPEN - Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Déborah Inês
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Teixeira Favaro
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silvia Maria
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Franciscato Cozzolino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008628:Mercury / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012643:Selenium / Q000097:blood*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult; D000094765:Glutathione Peroxidase GPX1
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D008628:Mercury; D012643:Selenium; D000094765:Glutathione Peroxidase GPX1; C000722067:GPX1 protein, human
keywords: Amazon; Exposure biology; GPX1 polymorphism; GSTM1 deletion; Mercury detoxification; Selenium