title: Impaired Granuloma Formation in Sepsis: Impact of Monocytopenia.
abstract: Granulomas are a collection of immune cells considered to be protective in infectious diseases. The in vitro generation of granulomas is an interesting substitution to invasive approaches of granuloma study. The monitoring of immune response through the determination of in vitro granuloma formation in patients with severe sepsis may be critical to individualize treatments. We compared the in vitro generation of granulomas by co-culturing circulating mononuclear cells from 19 patients with severe sepsis, 9 patients cured from Q fever and 12 healthy subjects as controls, and Sepharose beads coated either with BCG or Coxiella burnetii extracts to analyze both immune and innate granulomas, respectively. We showed that the great majority of patients with severe sepsis were unable to form granulomas in response to BCG and C. burnetii extracts whereas more than 80% of healthy controls and patients cured from Q fever formed granulomas. We also found that monocytopenia and defective production of tumor necrosis factor were associated with reduced formation of granulomas in patients with severe sepsis even if TNF did not seem to be involved in the defective granuloma formation. Taken together, these results suggest that the deficiency of granuloma formation may be a measurement of altered recruitment and activation of monocytes and lymphocytes in patients with severe sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Emergentes, UMR 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.|Service d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alingrin
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Emergentes, UMR 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.|Service d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Coiffard
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Emergentes, UMR 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Textoris
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Emergentes, UMR 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Belenotti
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Emergentes, UMR 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.|Service de Médecine Interne, Gériatrie et Thérapeutique, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daumas
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Emergentes, UMR 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.|Service d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Emergentes, UMR 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mege
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D006099:Granuloma / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D011778:Q Fever / Q000150:complications; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines