title: Relation of Body Circumferences to Cardiometabolic Disease in Overweight-Obese Subjects.
abstract: Body circumferences have been proposed as potential anthropometric measures for the assessment of cardiometabolic risk as they are independently associated with insulin resistance and diabetes. The aim of this study was to validate neck and wrist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio as practical markers of metabolic dysfunction and atherosclerosis; 120 subjects who underwent coronary angiography and carotid Doppler ultrasound were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Exclusion criteria were history of diabetes, acute myocardial infarction, body mass index (BMI) <18.5 or ≥45.0 kg/m(2). Metabolic dysfunction was ascertained by the calculation of visceral adiposity index (VAI) and by diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MS). Advanced atherosclerotic disease was defined as ≥70% coronary lumen and/or ≥50% carotid lumen stenosis. No association between body circumferences and VAI or MS was found in subjects with BMI <25 kg/m(2). VAI was significantly related to waist-to-hip ratio (R(2) = 0.09, p = 0.008), neck (R(2) = 0.09, p = 0.007), and wrist circumferences (R(2) = 0.05, p = 0.041) in subjects with BMI ≥25 kg/m(2). In overweight subjects, higher gender-specific tertiles of wrist circumference were independently associated with an increased risk of MS (odds ratio 2.57, 95% confidence interval 1.11 to 5.96, p = 0.028). VAI was independently associated with carotid intima-media thickness: β = 0.104, R(2) = 0.118, p = 0.003. Carotid intima-media thickness and MS, but not body circumferences, were associated with advanced atherosclerosis. In conclusion, these data indicate that anthropometric measurements, in particular wrist circumference, can be used as practical tools for assessment of metabolic risk in overweight-obese subjects but not as markers of advanced atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy; Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maddaloni
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: i.cavallari@unicampus.it.
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cavallari
authors.affiliation: Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Mariangela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Pascalis
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Hillary
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Keenan
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Kyoungmin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manfrini
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buzzetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Patti
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Germano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Sciascio
authors.affiliation: Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pozzilli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000886:Anthropometry; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio; D014953:Wrist