title: Canine Butterfly Glioblastomas: A Neuroradiological Review.
abstract: In humans, high-grade gliomas may infiltrate across the corpus callosum resulting in bihemispheric lesions that may have symmetrical, winged-like appearances. This particular tumor manifestation has been coined a "butterfly" glioma (BG). While canine and human gliomas share many neuroradiological and pathological features, the BG morphology has not been previously reported in dogs. Here, we describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of BG in three dogs and review the potential differential diagnoses based on neuroimaging findings. All dogs presented for generalized seizures and interictal neurological deficits referable to multifocal or diffuse forebrain disease. MRI examinations revealed asymmetrical (2/3) or symmetrical (1/3), bihemispheric intra-axial mass lesions that predominantly affected the frontoparietal lobes that were associated with extensive perilesional edema, and involvement of the corpus callosum. The masses displayed heterogeneous T1, T2, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery signal intensities, variable contrast enhancement (2/3), and mass effect. All tumors demonstrated classical histopathological features of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), including glial cell pseudopalisading, serpentine necrosis, microvascular proliferation as well as invasion of the corpus callosum by neoplastic astrocytes. Although rare, GBM should be considered a differential diagnosis in dogs with an MRI evidence of asymmetric or symmetric bilateral, intra-axial cerebral mass lesions with signal characteristics compatible with glioma.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia-Tech Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center and Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Rossmeisl
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA , USA.
authors.forename: Kemba
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Clapp
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA , USA.
authors.forename: Theresa E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Pancotto
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, VCA Alameda East Veterinary Hospital , Denver, CO , USA.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Emch
authors.affiliation: Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia-Tech Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center and Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia-Tech Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center and Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Waldemar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Debinski
keywords: astrocytoma; brain tumor; canine; glioblastoma; magnetic resonance imaging