title: Fully automated macromolecule suppressed single voxel glutamate spectroscopy (FAMOUS SVGS).
abstract: The aim of the study was to develop and validate a new localized (1)H MRS pulse sequence and automated post-processing software for the quantification of brain Glutamate (Glu) in clinical conditions at 7.0T in order to get reliable and reproducible results for acute intervention studies.
  
  
  
  Here we describe a new localized proton MRS method "Fully Automated MacrOmolecUle Suppressed Single Voxel Glutamate Spectroscopy (FAMOUS SVGS)" for measuring Glu. FAMOUS SVGS method consists of a new pulse sequence with optimized switchable water, metabolites and outer volume suppression modules, as well as a frequency selective inversion pulse and automated post-processing of the five spectra obtained. FAMOUS SVGS method was first validated with glutamate phantoms and then validated with test-retest repeatability studies in the occipital cortex of five normal volunteers at 7.0T.
  
  
  
  Glutamate concentrations estimated from phantoms with FAMOUS SVGS method correlated well with actual concentrations. Test-retest repeatability studies in human brain in vivo yielded less than 0.3 mM intra-subject variations in Glu concentrations.
  
  
  
  FAMOUS SVGS method enables Glu quantification in vivo at 7.0T with test-retest variability of less than 0.3 mM. We expect that we can reliably measure ≥0.5 mM change in glutamate due to any acute intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, B1 Stellar-Chance Laboratories, 422 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6100, USA. nravi@mail.med.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Ravi Prakash Reddy
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Nanga
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, B1 Stellar-Chance Laboratories, 422 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6100, USA.
authors.forename: Hari
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hariharan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, B1 Stellar-Chance Laboratories, 422 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6100, USA.
authors.forename: Ravinder
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reddy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001331:Automation; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D046911:Macromolecular Substances / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012984:Software; D014867:Water; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D014867:Water; D018698:Glutamic Acid
keywords: Glutamate quantification; Single voxel 1H MRS