title: Metabolic and Transcriptional Analysis of Durum Wheat Responses to Elevated CO2 at Low and High Nitrate Supply.
abstract: Elevated [CO2] (eCO2) can lead to photosynthetic acclimation and this is often intensified by low nitrogen (N). Despite intensive studies of plant responses to eCO2, the regulation mechanism of primary metabolism at the whole-plant level in interaction with [Formula: see text] supply remains unclear. We examined the metabolic and transcriptional responses triggered by eCO2in association with physiological-biochemical traits in flag leaves and roots of durum wheat grown hydroponically in ambient and elevated [CO2] with low (LN) and high (HN) [Formula: see text] supply. Multivariate analysis revealed a strong interaction between eCO2and [Formula: see text] supply. Photosynthetic acclimation induced by eCO2in LN plants was accompanied by an increase in biomass and carbohydrates, and decreases of leaf organic N per unit area, organic acids, inorganic ions, Calvin-Benson cycle intermediates, Rubisco, nitrate reductase activity, amino acids and transcripts for N metabolism, particularly in leaves, whereas [Formula: see text] uptake was unaffected. In HN plants, eCO2did not decrease photosynthetic capacity or leaf organic N per unit area, but induced transcripts for N metabolism, especially in roots. In conclusion, the photosynthetic acclimation in LN plants was associated with an inhibition of leaf [Formula: see text] assimilation, whereas up-regulation of N metabolism in roots could have mitigated the acclimatory effect of eCO2in HN plants.
authors.affiliation: Abiotic Stress Department, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Rubén
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vicente
authors.affiliation: Abiotic Stress Department, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: Abiotic Stress Department, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martínez-Carrasco
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Networks Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Feil
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Networks Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lunn
authors.affiliation: Amino Acid and Sulfur Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
authors.forename: Mutsumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Networks Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arrivault
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Networks Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stitt
authors.affiliation: Amino Acid and Sulfur Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hoefgen
authors.affiliation: Abiotic Stress Department, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008 Salamanca, Spain rosa.morcuende@irnasa.csic.es.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morcuende
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D005453:Fluorescence; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D007477:Ions; D055442:Metabolome; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009566:Nitrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009584:Nitrogen; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D063245:Plant Development / Q000187:drug effects; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D014908:Triticum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D009566:Nitrates; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D002734:Chlorophyll; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: 
  Triticum durum
  ; Elevated CO2
  ; Metabolite profiling; Nitrate; Photosynthetic acclimation; Transcript profiling