title: Rapid Amygdala Kindling Causes Motor Seizure and Comorbidity of Anxiety- and Depression-Like Behaviors in Rats.
abstract: Amygdala kindling is a model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with convulsion. The rapid amygdala kindling has an advantage on quick development of motor seizures and for antiepileptic drugs screening. The rapid amygdala kindling causes epileptogenesis accompanied by an anxiolytic response in early isolation of rat pups or depressive behavior in immature rats. However, the effect of rapid amygdala kindling on comorbidity of anxiety- and depression-like behaviors is unexplored in adult rats with normal breeding. In the present study, 40 amygdala stimulations given within 2 days were applied in adult Wistar rats. Afterdischarge (AD) and seizure stage were recorded throughout the amygdala kindling. Anxiety-like behaviors were evaluated by the elevated plus maze (EPM) test and open field (OF) test, whereas depression-like behaviors were assessed by the forced swim (FS) and sucrose consumption (SC) tests. A tonic-clonic convulsion was provoked in the kindle group. Rapid amygdala kindling resulted in a significantly lower frequency entering an open area of either open arms of the EPM or the central zone of an OF, lower sucrose intake, and longer immobility of the FS test in the kindle group. Our results suggest that rapid amygdala kindling elicited severe motor seizures comorbid with anxiety- and depression-like behaviors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Science, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shang-Der
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Informatics, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sheng-Fu
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Fu-Zen
authors.initials: FZ
authors.lastname: Shaw
keywords: afterdischarge; amygdala kindling; anhedonia; anxiety; depression