title: Tuning the Solid State Emission of the Carbazole and Cyano-Substituted Tetraphenylethylene by Co-Crystallization with Solvents.
abstract: Solid state emissive materials with high quantum yields and tunable emissions are desirable for various applications. A new TPE derivative (1) with two carbazole moieties and two cyano groups is reported, which shows typical aggregation induced emission behavior. Four crystals 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d are obtained after crystallization from N,N-dimethylformamid (DMF), trichloromethane (CHCl3), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), respectively. Crystal structural analyses reveal that (i) molecules of 1 co-crystallize with DMF, CHCl3, THF, and CH2Cl2in 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d, respectively, and (ii) conformations of 1 are different within 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d, and compound 1 within crystal 1a adopts the most twisting conformation. Crystalline solids 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d exhibit high emission quantum yields up to 0.65, but their emission colors are varied from blue to green. In comparison, the amorphous solid of 1 is yellow-emissive with emission maximum at 542 nm. Moreover, the blue- or green-emissive crystalline solids and the yellow-emissive amorphous solid can be inter-converted by the grinding of crystalline solids and exposure of the amorphous solid to vapors of appropriate solvents. It is also demonstrated that microrods of 1a, 1b, and 1d show typical optical waveguiding behavior.
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratories of Organic Solids and Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.|School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yuancheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratories of Organic Solids and Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Guanxin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratories of Organic Solids and Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.|School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratories of Organic Solids and Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.|School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xuedong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratories of Organic Solids and Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yishi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratories of Organic Solids and Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Tongling
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratories of Organic Solids and Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratories of Organic Solids and Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Hongbing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratories of Organic Solids and Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yongsheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratories of Organic Solids and Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Deqing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
keywords: co-crystallization; crystalline solids; emission tuning; optical waveguides; solid-state emission; tetraphenylethylene