title: Infant sleep-wake behaviors at two weeks, three and six months.
abstract: Although infant sleep-wake behavior presents several developmental changes during the first six months, literature lacks on reference values and few studies have explored the role of individual change and stability on infant sleep-wake behavior during the first six months. This study aimed (1) to describe infant sleep-wake behaviors during the 24-h period, day and night, at two weeks, three, and six months, (2) and to explore developmental changes and the role of individual change and stability on infant sleep-wake behaviors from two weeks to six months. Ninety-four primiparous mothers completed measures on infant sleep-wake behaviors at two weeks, three and six months. Significant developmental changes were found on infant sleep-wake behaviors from two weeks to six months. Two-week-old infants sleep 13.3h, spend 8.7h awake, awake 6.1 times, have 0.4h of latency to sleep, and 3.2h of longest sleep period. Three-month-old infants sleep 13.0h, spend 9.2h awake, awake 5.5 times, have 0.4h of latency to sleep, and 5.2h of longest sleep period. Six-month-old infants sleep 12.2h, spend 10.0h awake, awake 5.2 times, have 0.4h of latency to sleep, and 5.6h of longest sleep period. Significant individual change and stability were also found on infant sleep-wake behaviors from two weeks to six months. Despite significant developmental and individual changes, individual stability explains a significant amount of the variance on infant sleep-wake behaviors over the first six months of life.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. Electronic address: bbfi@psi.uminho.pt.
authors.forename: Bárbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. Electronic address: cdias@psi.uminho.pt.
authors.forename: Cláudia Castro
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. Electronic address: tmpinto@psi.uminho.pt.
authors.forename: Tiago Miguel
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, USA. Electronic address: tfield@med.miami.edu.
authors.forename: Tiffany
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Field
mesh_terms: D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018730:Infant Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D007224:Infant Care; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Infant individual change; Infant individual stability; Infant sleep-wake behaviors; Infant sleep-wake development