title: Bacterial assessment of food handlers in Sari City, Mazandaran Province, north of Iran.
abstract: Food handlers with poor personal hygiene could be potential sources of infection due to pathogenic bacteria. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of bacterial infestation among the food handlers attending the public health center laboratory in Sari, northern Iran for annual check-up. This study was performed from September 2013 to August 2014. Stool samples, fingernail specimens of both hands and nasal swabs were collected from 220 male and female food handlers of different jobs, aged between 17-65 years. The samples were cultured on bacteriological culture media and bacterial species were identified following standard procedures. A structured questionnaire was used to record sociodemographic and behavioral data analysis of the food handlers. Of the total 220 subjects examined, 62.2% showed positive culture for different bacterial species from their fingernail contents, 65.4% were found to be harboring Staphylococcus aureus in their nostrils and 0.9% tested positive for Shigella boydii from stool samples. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant bacteria isolated from fingernail specimens (46%), followed by Escherichia coli (29.2%), Coliforms (18.2%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.6%). This study showed a statistically significant difference in the rate of bacterial infestation between different occupational categories (p=0.04). Butchers showed the highest prevalence of bacteria (86.6%) in their fingernail contents, followed by fast food workers (76.5%), bakers (73.5%), chicken store workers (73%), school cafeterias staff (53.3%), restaurant workers (46.9%) and fruit/vegetables sellers (42.5%). The highest rate of nasal carrier for Staphylococcus aureus was observed among chicken store workers 14/17(20.8%). These findings indicate the need for intensive training/retraining and health education of all food service employees and strengthening the existing screening methods to control the problem of bacterial infestation in food handlers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4847191971, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohtaram
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nasrolahei
authors.affiliation: Husbandry Department, Qaemshahr Branch of Islamic Azad University, 8456491896, Iran. Electronic address: mnasrolahei@yahoo.ca.
authors.forename: Siavash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mirshafiee
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4847191971, Iran.
authors.forename: Soudeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kholdi
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4847191971, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salehian
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4847191971, Iran.
authors.forename: Masoumeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nasrolahei
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005511:Food Handling; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009262:Nails / Q000382:microbiology; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Fingernail contents; Food handlers; Hand washing practice; Nasal carrier