title: Teen Pregnancy Among Sexual Minority Women: Results From the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the association between sexual orientation and teen pregnancy (before age 20 years) in a U.S. nationally representative cohort of young adult females aged 24-32 years.
  
  
  
  A total of 5,972 participants in Waves I and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health were included. Self-reported sexual orientation identity was categorized as heterosexual, and three sexual minority (SM) groups: mostly heterosexual, bisexual, and lesbian (combining "mostly homosexual" and "100% homosexual"). Stepwise multivariate regression models were fit to compare odds of teen pregnancy and relative risk ratios of timing of teen pregnancy, between heterosexual and SM groups, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, sexual victimization history, and sexual risk behaviors.
  
  
  
  After adjusting for sociodemographics and sexual victimization, bisexual women had significantly higher odds than heterosexual peers of teen pregnancy (odds ratio [OR] = 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05-2.75); this association was marginally significant after adjusting for sexual risk behaviors. Bisexuals were also more likely to have an early (before age 18 years) teen pregnancy (OR = 2.04; 95% CI = 1.17-3.56). In contrast, lesbian women were significantly less likely to have a teen pregnancy than heterosexual (OR = .47; 95% CI = .23-.97), mostly heterosexual (OR = .46; 95% CI = .21-.99), and bisexual (OR = .29; 95% CI = .12-.71) women in final models.
  
  
  
  Expanding on extant literature, we found opposing risk patterns for teen pregnancy between bisexual and lesbian women, likely due to distinct patterns of sexual risk taking. Findings suggest that SM-inclusive teen pregnancy prevention efforts tailored to meet the unique needs of SM young women, particularly bisexuals, are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Electronic address: skgold@email.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Shoshana K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Bianka M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Reese
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Carolyn T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Halpern
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D011253:Pregnancy in Adolescence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D000072339:Sexual and Gender Minorities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Longitudinal study; National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health; Pregnancy in adolescence; Sexual behavior; Sexual minority females; Sexual orientation