title: Comparison between various densities of pore titanium meshes and e-polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane regarding bone regeneration induced by low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) in rabbit nasal bone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare bone regenerative capability following use of polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane against that when various densities of pore titanium meshes are used with and without low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult male white rabbits were divided into 8 groups. In 4 groups, after incising along the nasal bone, four 3 × 8 mm bone defects were made in both sides and covered by an ePTFE membrane (group E: n = 15), a high density pore titanium mesh (group H: n = 15), a low density pore titanium mesh (group L: n = 15), and no mesh (control) (group C: n = 15). Furthermore, LIPUS was irradiated after surgery in 4 groups (groups EL, HL, LL and CL, in each n = 15). The rabbits were sacrificed at 1, 2 and 8 weeks postoperative, and formalin-fixed specimens were embedded in acrylic resin. The specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. For immunohistochemical analysis, the specimens were treated with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 antibody.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group H had significantly higher values than groups L, E, and C regarding bone area ratio and labeling index of BMP-2 positive cells (P < 0.05). Furthermore, Group HL also had significantly higher values than the other groups regarding bone area ratio and labeling index of BMP-2 positive cells at 1, 2 and 8 weeks postoperative (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggested that high density pore titanium mesh could induce new bone regeneration more than low density pore titanium mesh and ePTFE membrane. New bone formation may increase following LIPUS application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. K. Ueki), Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. K. Ueki), Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
authors.forename: Akinori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moroi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. K. Ueki), Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshizawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. K. Ueki), Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kosaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. K. Ueki), Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. K. Ueki), Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. K. Ueki), Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saida
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. K. Ueki), Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
authors.forename: Asami
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hotta
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. K. Ueki), Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
authors.forename: Takamitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsutsui
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. K. Ueki), Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan. Electronic address: kueki@yamanashi.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000601:surgery*; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D016062:Porosity; D011817:Rabbits; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D014025:Titanium; D000069453:Ultrasonic Waves
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Bone regeneration; Low intensity pulsed ultrasound; Porous density; Titanium mesh