title: Standard Endoscopic Approaches in Frontal Sinus Surgery: Technical Pearls and Approach Selection.
abstract: The mainstay of frontal sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis is to achieve and maintain an adequate frontal outflow tract. Using a stepwise approach and identifying critical endoscopic anatomic landmarks, to minimize complications and obtain long-term good endoscopic surgical results, should achieve this. The goal is to relieve the patient's symptoms, restore functional mucociliary flow, achieve a wide frontal sinus ostium and prevent long-term scarring and stenosis. Meticulous dissection and appropriate use of instrumentation and techniques aids in preventing unnecessary damage to normal mucosa while achieving one's goal of an adequate surgical ostium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Miami, 1120 Northwest 14th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
authors.forename: Zeina R
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Korban
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Miami, 1120 Northwest 14th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA. Electronic address: RCasiano@med.miami.edu.
authors.forename: Roy R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Casiano
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D004210:Dissection / Q000379:methods; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005626:Frontal Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D059747:Nasal Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D011182:Postoperative Care; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Draf; Endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure (EMLP); Frontal recess; Posterior frontal sinus wall