title: Osteoprotective Effects of Polysaccharide-Enriched Hizikia fusiforme Processing Byproduct In Vitro and In Vivo Models.
abstract: The traditional manufacturing method used to produce goods from Hizikia fusiforme, utilizes extraction steps with hot water. The byproduct (of hot water extraction) is rich in polysaccharide and is considered a waste. To evaluate the osteogenic effects of the byproduct of H. fusiforme (HFB), osteogenic cells and animal models were used to test it effects on osteogenesis. The HFB-treated mouse myoblast C2C12 cells exhibited significant dose dependently elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and slightly increased bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). HFB also suppressed the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and TRAP staining in the bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) cells that had been stimulated with the receptor activator of the nuclear factor kB ligand/macrophage colony-stimulating factor kB ligand. In addition, HFB also increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (p-ERK) level. Finally, osteogenic effects of HFB were clearly confirmed in the three in vivo models: zebrafish, ovariectomized mice, and mouse calvarial bones. HFB accelerated the rate of skeletal development in zebrafish and prevented much of the mouse femoral bone density loss of ovariectomized mice. Moreover, HFB enhanced woven bone formation over the periosteum of mouse calvarial bones. Our result showed that HFB functions as a bone resorption inhibitor as well as an activator of bone formation in vivo and in osteogenic in vitro cell systems.
authors.affiliation: 1 HK Bio, Business Incubator, Daegu Haany University , Gyeongsan, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Tae
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.affiliation: 3 Freshwater Bioresources Utilization Division, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources , SangJu, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: 4 Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Yuseong, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Yeo Dae
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: 5 Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University Graduate School of Medicine , Yeonsu-ku, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Ok Hee
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 5 Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University Graduate School of Medicine , Yeonsu-ku, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Byung Chul
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: 6 Department of Natural Cosmetic Ingredient, Daegu Haany University , Gyeongsan, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: 7 College of Herbal Bio-Industry, Daegu Haany University , Gyeongsan, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001688:Biological Products / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015519:Bone Density; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010521:Periosteum; D000459:Phaeophyceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011134:Polysaccharides; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase
keywords: Hizikia fusiforme; osteoblast; osteoclast; ovariectomized mice; zebrafish