title: Simultaneous Enrichment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Cu(2+) in Water Using Tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine as a Solid-Phase Extraction Selector.
abstract: On the basis of the definite retention mechanism proven by the stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography, tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine featuring multiple recognition sites was assessed as a solid-phase extraction (SPE) selector. The applicability of its silica support was used for the extraction of trace amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Cu(2+) in aqueous samples, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography fluorometric and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric determination. On the basis of the π-π interaction with PAHs and the chelating interaction with Cu(2+), the simultaneous extraction of PAHs and Cu(2+) and stepwise elution through tuning the eluent were successfully achieved, respectively. The SPE conditions affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized, including type and concentration of organic modifier, sample solution pH, flow rate, and volume. As a result of the special adsorption and desorption mechanism, high extraction efficiency was achieved with relative recoveries of 94.3-102.4% and relative standard deviations of less than 10.5%. The limits of detection were obtained with 0.4-3.1 ng L(-1) for PAHs and 15 ng L(-1) for Cu(2+), respectively. The method was applied to the analyses of PAHs and Cu(2+) in Xiliu Lake water samples collected in Zhengzhou, China.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China.|School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wenjie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Engineering , Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lijun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shusheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D047250:Calixarenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C000599810:azacalix(2)arene(2)triazine; D047250:Calixarenes; D003300:Copper
keywords: Cu2+; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; solid-phase extraction; tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine