title: Time-kill Kinetics of a Novel Antimicrobial Silver Wound Gel Against Select Wound Pathogens.
abstract: New treatments are needed as infection risk associated with diabetic, venous, and pressure ulcers are becoming more prevalent as comorbidities of obesity, aging, and major disease. Postsurgical, burn, and immunocompromised patients are also at an increased risk of wounds and infection. Silver has been utilized in treating various wounds associated with infections and, although highly effective, caution is required for use beyond 2 weeks due to potential silver cytotoxicity. To overcome this obstacle, an antimicrobial wound gel (CelaCare Technologies, Inc, Dallas, TX) was designed to allow low concentrations of a proprietary silver salt combined with acemannan, which has been demonstrated to aid wound healing.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study's objective was to determine the time-kill kinetics of the antimicrobial wound gel vs 4 commercial topical silver products against 6 common wound pathogens and Bacillus subtilis as a spore-forming bacteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The antimicrobial wound gel achieved a 2.9 log reduction in growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa within 30 minutes, a 2.3 log reduction in Streptococcus pyogenes within 8 hours, a 2.1 log reduction in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus within 48 hours, a 2.3 log reduction in S. aureus within 24 hours, a 4.1 log reduction in Escherichia coli within 30 minutes, a 2.9 log reduction in B. subtilis within 60 minutes, and a 3.4 log reduction in Candida albicans within 90 minutes. Overall, the antimicrobial wound gel demonstrated broad antimicrobial coverage against all wound pathogens evaluated, and it was comparable to, or better than, other tested topical silver products containing substantially higher silver concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of the wound gel indicates it could become a product alternative to current commercial products.
authors.affiliation: Harding University College of Pharmacy, Searcy, AR.
authors.forename: YoonJung
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: University of Pikeville Kentucky College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pikeville, KY and CelaCare Technologies, Dallas, TX.
authors.forename: Daniel H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Atchley
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD and CelaCare Technologies, Dallas, TX.
authors.forename: Celia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Proctor
authors.affiliation: Harding University College of Pharmacy, Searcy, AR.
authors.forename: Forrest L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Community Pharmacist, Tulare, CA.
authors.forename: SunYoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN.
authors.forename: Chris M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Loftis
authors.affiliation: Harding University College of Pharmacy, Searcy, AR and CelaCare Technologies, Dallas, TX.
authors.forename: Kenneth M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Yates
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001458:Bandages; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D005782:Gels / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D018030:Silver Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012883:Skin Ulcer / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D005782:Gels; D018030:Silver Compounds