title: Copaifera duckei Oleoresin and Its Main Nonvolatile Terpenes: In Vitro Schistosomicidal Properties.
abstract: In this article, the in vitro schistosomicidal effects of three Brazilian Copaifera oleoresins (C. duckei, C. langsdorffii, and C. reticulata) are reported. From these botanical sources, the oleoresin of C. duckei (OCd) demonstrated to be the most promising, displaying LC50values of 75.8, 50.6, and 47.2 μg/ml at 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation, respectively, against adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni, with a selectivity index of 10.26. Therefore, the major compounds from OCd were isolated, and the diterpene, (-)-polyalthic acid (PA), showed to be active (LC50values of 41.7, 36.2, and 33.4 μg/ml, respectively, at 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation). Moreover, OCd and PA affected the production and development of eggs, and OCd modified the functionality of the tegument of S. mansoni. Possible synergistic and/or additive effects of this balsam were also verified when a mixture of the two of its main compounds (PA and ent-labd-8(17)-en-15,18-dioic acid) in the specific proportion of 3:1 (w/w) was tested. The obtained results indicate that PA should be considered for further investigations against S. mansoni, such as, synergistic (combination with praziquantel (PZQ)) and in vivo studies. It also shows that diterpenes are an important class of natural compounds for the investigation of agents capable of fighting the parasite responsible for human schistosomiasis.
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Franca, 14404-600,, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carly H G
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Franca, 14404-600,, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Michele G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Franca, 14404-600,, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiza J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Carneiro
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 14040-020,, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jonas J M
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 14040-020,, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jairo K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Bastos
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Franca, 14404-600,, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denise C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Franca, 14404-600,, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pollyanna F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanderlei
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Franca, 14404-600,, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo C S
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Veneziani
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Franca, 14404-600,, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renato L T
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Parreira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Trindade, CP 476, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giovanni F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Caramori
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Trindade, CP 476, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gláucio R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Nagurniak
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Franca, 14404-600,, SP, Brazil. lizandra.magalhaes@unifran.edu.br.
authors.forename: Lizandra G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Magalhães
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Franca, 14404-600,, SP, Brazil. sergio.ambrosio@unifran.edu.br.
authors.forename: Sérgio R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ambrósio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000187:drug effects*; D012556:Schistosomicides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004224:Diterpenes; D012556:Schistosomicides
keywords: 
  Copaifera duckei
  ; (−)-Polyalthic acid; Copaifera oleoresins; Diterpenes; Schistosomicidal effects