title: Protein bio-corona: critical issue in immune nanotoxicology.
abstract: With the expansion of the nanomedicine field, the knowledge focusing on the behavior of nanoparticles in the biological milieu has rapidly escalated. Upon introduction to a complex biological system, nanomaterials dynamically interact with all the encountered biomolecules and form the protein "bio-corona." The decoration with these surface biomolecules endows nanoparticles with new properties. The present review will address updates of the protein bio-corona characteristics as influenced by nanoparticle's physicochemical properties and by the particularities of the encountered biological milieu. Undeniably, bio-corona generation influences the efficacy of the nanodrug and guides the actions of innate and adaptive immunity. Exploiting the dynamic process of protein bio-corona development in combination with the new engineered horizons of drugs linked to nanoparticles could lead to innovative functional nanotherapies. Therefore, bio-medical nanotechnologies should focus on the interactions of nanoparticles with the immune system for both safety and efficacy reasons.
authors.affiliation: Immunology Department, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.|Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neagu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.|Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Zoi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Piperigkou
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.|Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Cellular de Glicoconjugados, Programa de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo De Meis and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Konstantina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karamanou
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ayse Basak
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Engin
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania.
authors.forename: Anca Oana
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Docea
authors.affiliation: Immunology Department, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Constantin
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Negrei
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: Dragana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nikitovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece. aris@med.uoc.gr.
authors.forename: Aristidis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsatsakis
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D010316:Particle Size; D000066970:Protein Corona / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000066970:Protein Corona
keywords: Bio-corona; Immunological identity; Nanoparticle