title: Targeting T Cell Bioenergetics by Modulating P-Glycoprotein Selectively Depletes Alloreactive T Cells To Prevent Graft-versus-Host Disease.
abstract: T lymphocytes play a central role in many human immunologic disorders, including autoimmune and alloimmune diseases. In hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, acute graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) is caused by an attack on the recipient's tissues from donor allogeneic T cells. Selectively depleting GVHD-causing cells prior to transplant may prevent GVHD. In this study, we evaluated 24 chalcogenorhodamine photosensitizers for their ability to selectively deplete reactive T lymphocytes and identified the photosensitizer 2-Se-Cl, which accumulates in stimulated T cells in proportion to oxidative phosphorylation. The photosensitizer is also a potent stimulator of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Enhanced P-gp activity promotes the efficient removal of photosensitizer not sequestered in mitochondria and protects resting lymphocytes that are essential for antipathogen and antitumor responses. To evaluate the selective depletion of alloimmune responses, donor C57BL/6 splenocytes were cocultured for 5 d with irradiated BALB/c splenocytes and then photodepleted (PD). PD-treated splenocytes were infused into lethally irradiated BALB/c (same-party) or C3H/HeJ (third-party) mice. Same-party mice that received PD-treated splenocytes at the time of transplant lived 100 d without evidence of GVHD. In contrast, all mice that received untreated primed splenocytes and third-party mice that received PD-treated splenocytes died of lethal GVHD. To evaluate the preservation of antiviral immune responses, acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection was used. After photodepletion, expansion of Ag-specific naive CD8(+) T cells and viral clearance remained fully intact. The high selectivity of this novel photosensitizer may have broad applications and provide alternative treatment options for patients with T lymphocyte-mediated diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157; zmciver@wakehealth.edu mdetty@buffalo.edu.
authors.forename: Zachariah A
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7570-8511
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: McIver
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157;
authors.forename: Jason M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Grayson
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157;
authors.forename: Benjamin N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Coe
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260;
authors.forename: Jacqueline E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260;
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Schamerhorn
authors.affiliation: Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260; and.
authors.forename: Tymish Y
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7051-6534
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Ohulchanskyy
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260;
authors.forename: Michelle K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Linder
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260;
authors.forename: Kellie S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112.
authors.forename: Roy S
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7368-4819
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Weiner
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260; Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260; and zmciver@wakehealth.edu mdetty@buffalo.edu.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8815-1481
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Detty
mesh_terms: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008212:Lymphocyte Depletion / Q000379:methods*; D008216:Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis / Q000276:immunology; D008217:Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents