title: Drug discovery in advanced prostate cancer: translating biology into therapy.
abstract: Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is associated with a poor prognosis and poses considerable therapeutic challenges. Recent genetic and technological advances have provided insights into prostate cancer biology and have enabled the identification of novel drug targets and potent molecularly targeted therapeutics for this disease. In this article, we review recent advances in prostate cancer target identification for drug discovery and discuss their promise and associated challenges. We review the evolving therapeutic landscape of CRPC and discuss issues associated with precision medicine as well as challenges encountered with immunotherapy for this disease. Finally, we envision the future management of CRPC, highlighting the use of circulating biomarkers and modern clinical trial designs.
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, UK.|Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, London SM2 5PT, UK.
authors.forename: Timothy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, UK.|Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, London SM2 5PT, UK.
authors.forename: Alan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, UK.|Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, London SM2 5PT, UK.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferraldeschi
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, UK.
authors.forename: Bissan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Al-Lazikani
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Workman
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, UK.|Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, London SM2 5PT, UK.
authors.forename: Johann S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: de Bono
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D064129:Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor