title: Work-Family Conflict Modifies the Association of Smoking and Periodontal Disease.
abstract: The aims of the study were to assess the association of periodontal loss of attachment with smoking and work-family conflict and assess whether work-family conflict modifies the association of smoking and periodontal disease.
  
  
  
  A random sample of 45-54 year olds from metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia, was surveyed by mailed self-complete questionnaire during 2004-2005. Oral examinations were performed on persons who responded to the questionnaire, providing an assessment of periodontal status.
  
  
  
  A total of 879 responded (participation rate = 43.8 %), with n = 709 oral examinations (completion rate = 80.7 %). Prevalence of periodontal loss of attachment (LOA) of 6+ mm was higher (p < 0.05) for smokers (23.8 %) compared to non-smokers (7.8 %) among employed adults. The adjusted prevalence ratio for LOA 6+ mm was prevalence ratio (PR) = 4.9 (95 % CI 2.2-8.8) for smokers, and there was a significant interaction (p < 0.05) between smoking status and work-family conflict.
  
  
  
  Work-family conflict modified the association of smoking with periodontal disease. Higher levels of work interfering with family were associated with higher levels of periodontal LOA for smokers compared with non-smokers.
authors.affiliation: Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, 122 Frome Street, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia. david.brennan@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.affiliation: Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, 122 Frome Street, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
authors.forename: A John
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.affiliation: Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, 122 Frome Street, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
authors.forename: Kaye F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Roberts-Thomson
mesh_terms: D054541:Family Conflict; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013021:South Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: 45–54 year olds; Periodontal disease; Smoking status; Work-family conflict