title: Sleep Duration and Neurocognitive Function in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.
abstract: To evaluate the association between sleep duration and neurocognitive function in a representative sample of middle-aged to older Hispanic/Latino adults in the US. We tested the hypothesis that sleep duration has a nonlinear, inverted U-shaped association with neurocognitive function.
  
  
  
  We performed a cross-sectional analysis from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) participants ages 45-74 years (n = 8,676). HCHS/SOL is a community-based cohort from four US urban areas sampled using a probability design from 2008-2011. Self-reported sleep duration was calculated as a weighted average of the difference between habitual wake and bedtimes assessed by separate questions for weekdays and weekends. Neurocognitive function was measured with standardized scores for Word (Phonemic) Fluency (WF), Brief-Spanish English Verbal learning test (B-SEVLT), and Digit Symbol Substitution (DSS) tests.
  
  
  
  The mean age was 56.5 years; 55% were women; and 40.4% had less than high school education. Average sleep duration was 7.8 ± 1.7 hours. There was an inverted U-shaped association with sleep duration and WF, B-SEVLT sum, and the DSS, with no association with B-SEVLT delayed-recall. Participants with intermediate sleep duration had the best neurocognitive function, while long sleepers had worse neurocognitive function adjusting for demographic, behavioral, and medical factors, daytime sleepiness, and use of sleep medications.
  
  
  
  Sleep duration had curvilinear inverted U-shaped associations with neurocognitive function, with worse scores among participants with longer sleep duration. These findings may provide a framework to further examine sleep duration in the prevention and treatment of neurocognitive disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
authors.forename: Alberto R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.affiliation: Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.
authors.forename: Wassim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tarraf
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.|Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daviglus
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: San Diego State University, San Diego, CA.
authors.forename: Linda C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.affiliation: Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
authors.forename: Yasmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mossavar-Rahmani
authors.affiliation: Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Penedo
authors.affiliation: Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Redline
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rundek
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
authors.forename: Ralph L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Sacco
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sotres-Alvarez
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
authors.forename: Clinton B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.affiliation: Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Phyllis C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Zee
authors.affiliation: Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
authors.forename: Hector M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: González
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000379:methods*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D057566:Self Report; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Hispanic/Latino; epidemiology; neurocognitive; sleep