title: Volume estimation of tonsil phantoms using an oral camera with 3D imaging.
abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) visualization of oral cavity and oropharyngeal anatomy may play an important role in the evaluation for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Although computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MRI) imaging are capable of providing 3D anatomical descriptions, this type of technology is not readily available in a clinic setting. Current imaging of the oropharynx is performed using a light source and tongue depressors. For better assessment of the inferior pole of the tonsils and tongue base flexible laryngoscopes are required which only provide a two dimensional (2D) rendering. As a result, clinical diagnosis is generally subjective in tonsillar hypertrophy where current physical examination has limitations. In this report, we designed a hand held portable oral camera with 3D imaging capability to reconstruct the anatomy of the oropharynx in tonsillar hypertrophy where the tonsils get enlarged and can lead to increased airway resistance. We were able to precisely reconstruct the 3D shape of the tonsils and from that estimate airway obstruction percentage and volume of the tonsils in 3D printed realistic models. Our results correlate well with Brodsky's classification of tonsillar hypertrophy as well as intraoperative volume estimations.
authors.affiliation: MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 75 Amherst St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; ajdas@mit.edu.
authors.forename: Anshuman J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Connecticut Children's Medical Center, 282 Washington Street, Hartford, CT 06106, USA; Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Mass Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; tvaldez1@mit.edu.
authors.forename: Tulio A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Valdez
authors.affiliation: Connecticut Children's Medical Center, 282 Washington Street, Hartford, CT 06106, USA.
authors.forename: Jose Arbouin
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.affiliation: MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 75 Amherst St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Punyapat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saksupapchon
authors.affiliation: MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 75 Amherst St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Pushyami
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rachapudi
authors.affiliation: Mechanical Engineering Dept., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Mass Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Zhifei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, Centro de Investigacion en Matematicas (CIMAT), A.C., Guanajuato, Gto 36240, Mexico.
authors.forename: Julio C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Estrada
authors.affiliation: MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 75 Amherst St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raskar
keywords: (110.1758) Computational imaging; (110.2650) Fringe analysis; (110.3010) Image reconstruction techniques; (110.6880) Three-dimensional image acquisition; (120.3890) Medical optics instrumentation; (150.0155) Machine vision optics; (150.6044) Smart cameras