title: Sex differences in the Kimchi-Palmer task revisited: Global reaction times, but not number of global choices differ between adult men and women.
abstract: Research, directly assessing sex-dependent differences in global versus local processing is sparse, but predominantly suggesting that men show a stronger global processing bias than women. Utilizing the Kimchi-Palmer task however, sex differences in the number of global choices can only be found in children, but not in adults. In the current study 52 men and 46 women completed a computerized version of the Kimchi Palmer task, in order to investigate whether sex-differences in global-local processing in the Kimchi-Palmer task are reflected in choice reaction times rather than choices per se. While no sex differences were found in the number of global choices, we found that especially women are faster in making local choices than men, while men are faster in making global choices than women. We did not find support for the assumption that this sex difference was modulated by menstrual cycle phase of women, since the difference between reaction times to global and local choices was consistent across the menstrual cycle of women. Accordingly there was no relationship between progesterone and global-local processing in the Kimchi-Palmer task. However, like in studies utilizing the Navon task, testosterone was positively related to the number of global choices in both men and women. To our knowledge, this is the first study including reaction times as outcome measure in a Kimchi Palmer paradigm and also the first study demonstrating sex differences in the Kimchi Palmer task in adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria. Electronic address: Andrea.scheuringer@sbg.ac.at.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scheuringer
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria. Electronic address: Belinda.pletzer@sbg.ac.at.
authors.forename: Belinda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pletzer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D003201:Computers; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011374:Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone; D011374:Progesterone
keywords: Global-local processing; Kimchi-Palmer task; Menstrual cycle; Mood; Sex differences; Sex hormones