title: Prevalence and type of antidepressant therapy used by German general practitioners to treat female patients with osteoporosis .
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence and type of antidepressant medication prescribed by German primary care physicians for patients with depression and osteoporosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a retrospective database analysis conducted in Germany utilizing the Disease Analyzer® Database (IMS Health, Germany). The study population included 3,488 female osteoporosis patients aged between 40 and 90 years recruited from 1,179 general practitioner practices and who were initially diagnosed with depression during the index period (January 2004 to December 2013). Follow-up lasted up to 12 months and was completed in August 2015. Also included in this study were 3,488 nonosteoporosis controls who were matched (1 : 1) to osteoporosis cases on the basis of age, health insurance coverage, severity of depression, and physician carrying out the diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 12 months of follow-up, 30.1% of osteoporosis and 29.9% of nonosteoporosis patients with mild depression (p = 0.783), 52.4% of osteoporosis and 48.0% of non-osteoporosis patients with moderate depression (p = 0.003), and 39.4% of osteoporosis and 35.1% of nonosteoporosis patients with severe depression (p = 0.147) were being treated with antidepressants. Osteoporosis patients with moderate depression had a higher chance of being prescribed antidepressant therapy at the initial diagnosis (hazard ratio (HR): 1.12, p = 0.014). No differences were found between osteoporosis and nonosteoporosis patients regarding the proportion of patients receiving selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)/serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), or other antidepressants. Osteoporosis patients were more often referred to hospitals or psychiatrists for consultation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Osteoporosis patients are more often treated initially with antidepressants than non-osteoporosis patients, especially within the groups of patients with moderate or severe depression. TCA was the most frequently used antidepressant therapy class on initial diagnosis in both patient groups. Osteoporosis patients receive referrals to hospitals or psychiatrists more often than patients without osteoporosis. .
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Drosselmeyer
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rapp
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kostev
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D058005:General Practitioners; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000523:psychology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011320:Primary Health Care; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents