title: Carotenoids in fresh and processed tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits protect cells from oxidative stress injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lipophilic antioxidants in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits exert important functions in reducing the risk of human diseases. Here the effect of thermal processing on the antioxidant activity of lipophilic extracts from the commercial tomato hybrid 'Zebrino' was analysed. Carotenoid content and lipophilic antioxidant activity were determined and the ability of tomato extracts in rescuing cells from oxidative stress was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lipophilic antioxidant activity was completely retained after heat treatment and extracts were able to mitigate the detrimental effect induced by oxidative stress on different cell lines. Lycopene alone was able to rescue cells from oxidative stress, even if to a lower extent compared with tomato extracts. These results were probably due to the synergistic effect of tomato compounds in protecting cells from oxidative stress injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study provides valuable insights into the health effect of the dietary carotenoids present in fresh and processed tomato fruits. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, I-80126, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Del Giudice
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, I-80126, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Ganna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Petruk
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, I-80055, Portici, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Assunta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raiola
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, I-80055, Portici, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Amalia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barone
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, I-80126, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Daria Maria
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Monti
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, I-80055, Portici, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Manuela
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rigano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D000077276:Lycopene; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002338:Carotenoids; D000077276:Lycopene
keywords: Solanum lycopersicum; antioxidant power; carotenoids; cytotoxicity; lycopene; oxidative stress