title: Principles in Skull Base Reconstruction following Expanded Endoscopic Approaches.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to describe the types of anterior skull base defects following expanded endoscopic approaches (EEA) and to outline the techniques involved in the repair of these defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed 63 cases of endoscopic skull base reconstruction (ESBR) following tumor excision, done from September 2011 to January 2015. These tumors consisted of 14 pituitary adenomas, 20 craniopharyngiomas, and 29 other miscellaneous tumors. The classification of skull base defects by Tabaee et al and the classification of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks by Esposito et al were considered during the ESBR. Recurrence of CSF leak was considered as failure of reconstruction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 63 skull base defects included in this study occurred following EEA for tumor excision. Failure of reconstruction occurred in 6 six patients. All were successfully repaired, however, three patients in this series died due to tumor-related complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The adherence to the general principles of reconstruction, appreciating the subtle differences in the nature of the various defects and the ability to adopt different strategies are the prerequisites for the successful closure of skull base defects.
authors.affiliation: Department of ENT, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
authors.forename: Regi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
authors.forename: Ari George
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Chacko
keywords: CSF leak; cribriform plate; fovea ethmoidalis; skull base; sphenopalatine artery