title: Major Salivary Gland Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Sjögren's Syndrome: A Place in the Diagnostic Criteria?
abstract: Major salivary gland (SG) ultrasonography (US) represents a noninvasive, nonirradiating imaging modality for evaluation of the major SGs in the diagnosis and follow-up of primary and secondary Sjögren syndrome. Structural changes can be visualized as hyperechogenic and hypoechogenic areas, inhomogeneity, and altered echogenicity in general. The reliability of SG-US is poorly investigated, and the definition of US abnormalities varies in previously published studies. Recent studies have shown correlations between SG-US findings and focus score in the minor SGs; however further studies are needed to validate a US criterion in updated classification/diagnostic criteria.
authors.affiliation: Section for Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, Bergen N-5009, Norway; Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Electronic address: malin.jonsson@uib.no.
authors.forename: Malin V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Jonsson
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa, Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baldini
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D006801:Humans; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D012470:Salivary Glands, Minor / Q000473:pathology; D012796:Sialography; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D014463:Ultrasonography; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
keywords: Imaging; Major salivary gland; Sjögren’s syndrome; Ultrasonography; Ultrasound