title: Reaching for Health Equity and Social Justice in Baltimore: The Evolution of an Academic-Community Partnership and Conceptual Framework to Address Hypertension Disparities.
abstract: Cardiovascular health disparities persist despite decades of recognition and the availability of evidence-based clinical and public health interventions. Racial and ethnic minorities and adults in urban and low-income communities are high-risk groups for uncontrolled hypertension (HTN), a major contributor to cardiovascular health disparities, in part due to inequitable social structures and economic systems that negatively impact daily environments and risk behaviors. This commentary presents the Johns Hopkins Center to Eliminate Cardiovascular Health Disparities as a case study for highlighting the evolution of an academic-community partnership to overcome HTN disparities. Key elements of the iterative development process of a Community Advisory Board (CAB) are summarized, and major CAB activities and engagement with the Baltimore community are highlighted. Using a conceptual framework adapted from O'Mara-Eves and colleagues, the authors discuss how different population groups and needs, motivations, types and intensity of community participation, contextual factors, and actions have shaped the Center's approach to stakeholder engagement in research and community outreach efforts to achieve health equity.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Center to Eliminate Cardiovascular Health Disparities, Baltimore, MD; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Policy & Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Center to Eliminate Cardiovascular Health Disparities, Baltimore, MD; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Tanjala S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Purnell
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Center to Eliminate Cardiovascular Health Disparities, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Policy & Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Chidinma A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ibe
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Center to Eliminate Cardiovascular Health Disparities, Baltimore, MD; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Jennifer P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Halbert
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Center to Eliminate Cardiovascular Health Disparities, Baltimore, MD; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Lee R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Bone
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Center to Eliminate Cardiovascular Health Disparities, Baltimore, MD; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Center to Eliminate Cardiovascular Health Disparities Community Advisory Board, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hickman
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Center to Eliminate Cardiovascular Health Disparities Community Advisory Board, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Center to Eliminate Cardiovascular Health Disparities Community Advisory Board, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vachon
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Center to Eliminate Cardiovascular Health Disparities Community Advisory Board, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Inez
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Robb
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Center to Eliminate Cardiovascular Health Disparities Community Advisory Board, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martin-Daniels
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Center to Eliminate Cardiovascular Health Disparities, Baltimore, MD; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Katherine B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Dietz
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Center to Eliminate Cardiovascular Health Disparities, Baltimore, MD; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Sherita Hill
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Golden
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Center to Eliminate Cardiovascular Health Disparities, Baltimore, MD; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Deidra C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Crews
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Center to Eliminate Cardiovascular Health Disparities, Baltimore, MD; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Felicia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hill-Briggs
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Center to Eliminate Cardiovascular Health Disparities, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Policy & Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Jill A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Marsteller
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: L Ebony
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Boulware
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Center to Eliminate Cardiovascular Health Disparities, Baltimore, MD; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Edgar R Iii
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Center to Eliminate Cardiovascular Health Disparities, Baltimore, MD; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015142:Baltimore; D055812:Community-Based Participatory Research; D003159:Community-Institutional Relations; D005006:Ethnicity; D000069576:Health Equity; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000628:therapy; D008913:Minority Groups; D011203:Poverty; D044469:Racial Groups; D012935:Social Justice
keywords: Community-Based Participatory Research; Health Care Disparities; Health Status Disparities; Hypertension; Social Determinants of Health