title: Comprehensive characterization of evolutionary conserved breakpoints in four New World Monkey karyotypes compared to Chlorocebus aethiops and Homo sapiens.
abstract: Comparative cytogenetic analysis in New World Monkeys (NWMs) using human multicolor banding (MCB) probe sets were not previously done. Here we report on an MCB based FISH-banding study complemented with selected locus-specific and heterochromatin specific probes in four NWMs and one Old World Monkey (OWM) species, i.e. in Alouatta caraya (ACA), Callithrix jacchus (CJA), Cebus apella (CAP), Saimiri sciureus (SSC), and Chlorocebus aethiops (CAE), respectively. 107 individual evolutionary conserved breakpoints (ECBs) among those species were identified and compared with those of other species in previous reports. Especially for chromosomal regions being syntenic to human chromosomes 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 16 previously cryptic rearrangements could be observed. 50.4% (54/107) NWM-ECBs were colocalized with those of OWMs, 62.6% (62/99) NWM-ECBs were related with those of Hylobates lar (HLA) and 66.3% (71/107) NWM-ECBs corresponded with those known from other mammalians. Furthermore, human fragile sites were aligned with the ECBs found in the five studied species and interestingly 66.3% ECBs colocalized with those fragile sites (FS). Overall, this study presents detailed chromosomal maps of one OWM and four NWM species. This data will be helpful to further investigation on chromosome evolution in NWM and hominoids in general and is prerequisite for correct interpretation of future sequencing based genomic studies in those species.
authors.affiliation: Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Kollegiengasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology Faculty of Science, KhonKaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittapap Rd., Muang District, KhonKaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Weerayuth
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Supiwong
authors.affiliation: Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Kollegiengasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weise
authors.affiliation: Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Kollegiengasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mrasek
authors.affiliation: Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Kollegiengasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Nadezda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kosyakova
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology Faculty of Science, KhonKaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittapap Rd., Muang District, KhonKaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Alongkoad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanomtong
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology Faculty of Science, KhonKaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittapap Rd., Muang District, KhonKaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Krit
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pinthong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Vladimir A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Trifonov
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo de Bello
authors.initials: Mde B
authors.lastname: Cioffi
authors.affiliation: Serengeti-Park Hodenhagen GmbH, Am Safaripark 1, 29693, Hodenhagen, Germany.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grothmann
authors.affiliation: Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Kollegiengasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liehr
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Naturais, ICEN, Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Universitário do Guamá, 66075-110 Belém-PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edivaldo H C de
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Oliveira
keywords: ACA, Alouatta caraya; Atelidae; BACs, bacterial artificial chromosomes; CAE, Chlorocebus aethiops; CAP, Cebus apella; CJA, Callithrix jacchus; Cebidae; EC, evolutionary conserved; ECBs, evolutionary conserved breakpoints; Evolutionary conserved breakpoints; Evolutionary genetics; FISH, fluorescence in situ hybridization; FS, fragile site; Fragile sites; Genetics; HCM, heterochromatin mix; HLA, Hylobates lar; HSA, Homo sapiens; HSBs, homologous syntenic blocks; MCB, multicolor banding; Multicolor banding; NGS, Next-generation sequencing; NOR, nucleolus organizer region; NWMs, New World Monkeys; New World Monkeys; OWMs, Old World Monkeys; Old World Monkeys; SSC, Saimiri sciureus; subCTM, sub-centromere/subtelomere-specific multicolor (FISH); wcp, whole human chromosome painting