title: Impact of epicardial adipose tissue volume quantified by non-contrast electrocardiogram-gated computed tomography on ergonovine-induced epicardial coronary artery spasm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endothelial dysfunction of the coronary artery is thought to lead to the development of coronary spasms. Epicardial adipose tissue may be a marker of coronary atherosclerosis. This study investigated the diagnostic impact of epicardial fat volume (EFV), quantified with non-contrast electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated computed tomography (CT), on ergonovine-induced coronary spasms.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 97 patients with suspected coronary spastic angina who underwent ECG-gated CT and an ergonovine provocation test. The EFV was measured with CT data sets using dedicated software. Coronary spasm was defined as total or subtotal occlusion (compared with the relaxed state after nitroglycerin) that was associated with ischemic ECG changes and concurrent chest pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Coronary spasms were observed in 27 patients (28%). The EFV was significantly higher in patients with spasms compared with those without spasms (175.0±57.8cm(3) vs. 129.7±57.8cm(3), p<0.01). Univariate logistic regression analyses indicated significant relationships between coronary spasms and EFV (per 10cm(3), odds ratio (OR): 1.13; p<0.01), male gender (OR: 3.34; p<0.01), and smoking (OR: 3.42; p<0.01). In the multivariate model, EFV (per 10cm(3), OR: 1.10; p=0.03) and male gender (OR: 5.94; p=0.02) remained significant predictors of coronary spasm. The optimal EFV threshold for predicting coronary spasm was 149.4cm(3), identified with a receiver operating characteristic curve.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased EFV was associated with ergonovine-induced epicardial coronary artery spasms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardio-Renal Medicine and Hypertension, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan. Electronic address: tuyosiito@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardio-Renal Medicine and Hypertension, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardio-Renal Medicine and Hypertension, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichihashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardio-Renal Medicine and Hypertension, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohte
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003329:Coronary Vasospasm / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods; D004874:Ergonovine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010120:Oxytocics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010496:Pericardium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D010120:Oxytocics; D004874:Ergonovine
keywords: Coronary spasm; Epicardial adipose tissue; Ergonovine