title: Association of CD34/CD133/VEGFR2-Positive Cell Numbers with Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which have the ability to differentiate into mature endothelial cells, can elicit angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and vessel repair in cardiac ischemia and vascular injuries caused by endothelial damage. Serum 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol (1,5-AG), which is a useful clinical marker of postprandial hyperglycemia, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and arachidonic acid (AA) are newly identified risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, no previous study has reported the associations between EPCs and 1,5-AG, EPA, and AA levels in CAD patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral EPCs, assessed as CD34+ cells co-expressing CD133 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, were studied in 76 CAD patients (mean age, 69.2±11.3years) with DM. Serum 1,5-AG, EPA, and AA levels were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EPC numbers showed a significant association with 1,5-AG and HbA1c (r=0.290; p=0.037 and r=-0.328; p=0.011, respectively). In addition, there were significant associations between EPC numbers and EPA and body mass index (BMI) (r=0.354; p=0.027 and r=-0.402; p=0.002, respectively). In multiple linear regression analysis, HbA1c, BMI, and EPA values had significant associations with EPC numbers (β=-0.316, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.256 to -0.008, p=0.037; β=-0.413, 95% CI -0.099 to -0.017, p=0.007; and β=0.400, 95% CI 0.004 to 0.002, p=0.010, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EPC number is associated with HbA1c, 1,5-AG, EPA, and BMI values, suggesting that postprandial hyperglycemia and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids contribute to EPC recruitment in CAD patients with type 2 DM.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.affiliation: The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan. Electronic address: huzui@u-fukui.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uzui
authors.affiliation: The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Amaya
authors.affiliation: The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaseno
authors.affiliation: The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.affiliation: The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshitomo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukuoka
authors.affiliation: The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
authors.forename: Jong-Dae
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tada
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D000368:Aged; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000032:analysis; D002452:Cell Count / Q000379:methods; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D018952:Antigens, CD34; C006584:1,5-anhydroglucitol; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2
keywords: 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol; body mass index; eicosapentaenoic acid; endothelial progenitor cell