title: How Do Primary Care Physicians Perceive the Role of Nurses in Quality Measurement and Improvement? The Israeli Story.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Israel has boasted a highly effective national quality monitoring program for community-based health services since 2004. The program involves ongoing monitoring of the quality of selected services provided by Israeli health plans and includes approximately 70 indicators.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze Israeli primary care physicians' (PCPs) perceptions of nurses' roles in the national quality monitoring program and their contribution to improving health-care quality.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross sectional survey using self-reported questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four Israeli health plans, covering 100% of the Israeli population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A representative sample of 1,000 Israeli PCPs. Response rate of 69% (605 out of the 884 physicians who met the study criteria).
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire combined with closed questions on the attitudes and behaviors of the physicians regarding nurses' involvement in quality monitoring and open questions about the changes that had made in their practice as a result of the quality monitoring program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most respondents (74%) agreed that nurses contribute to practice quality and share responsibility for improving quality measures. Physicians who felt that quality monitoring improved the quality of care and those who supported the program were more likely to consider that nurses shared responsibility for the quality of care. However, in open-ended questions about the changes they made in their practices as a result of the program, they made minimal reference to the importance of nurses and their contribution to improved quality indicators.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a disparity between the closed-ended and open-ended questions regarding the way physicians depicted the role of nurses in quality monitoring and improvement. This disparity may be due to the fact that physicians do not yet fully appreciate the growing involvement of nurses in these areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Management, Ariel University, University Hill, Ariel, Israel; Smokler Centre for Health Policy Research, Myers-JDC-Brookdale Institute, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nissanholtz-Gannot
authors.affiliation: Meuhedet Health Services , Tel-Aviv , Israel.
authors.forename: Dorit
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.affiliation: Smokler Centre for Health Policy Research, Myers-JDC-Brookdale Institute , Jerusalem , Israel.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.affiliation: Community Health Services, Clalit Health Services , Tel Aviv , Israel.
authors.forename: Calanit
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.affiliation: The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Tel Aviv, Israel; The School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wilf-Miron
keywords: attitudes; nurses; quality improvement; quality monitoring