title: Combined speed endurance and endurance exercise amplify the exercise-induced PGC-1α and PDK4 mRNA response in trained human muscle.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the mRNA response related to mitochondrial biogenesis, metabolism, angiogenesis, and myogenesis in trained human skeletal muscle to speed endurance exercise (S), endurance exercise (E), and speed endurance followed by endurance exercise (S + E). Seventeen trained male subjects (maximum oxygen uptake (VO2-max): 57.2 ± 3.7 (mean ± SD) mL·min(-1)·kg(-1)) performed S (6 × 30 sec all-out), E (60 min ~60% VO2-max), and S + E on a cycle ergometer on separate occasions. Muscle biopsies were obtained at rest and 1, 2, and 3 h after the speed endurance exercise (S and S + E) and at rest, 0, 1, and 2 h after exercise in E In S and S + E, muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1α) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK4) mRNA were higher (P < 0.05) 2 and 3 h after speed endurance exercise than at rest. Muscle PGC-1α and PDK4 mRNA levels were higher (P < 0.05) after exercise in S + E than in S and E, and higher (P < 0.05) in S than in E after exercise. In S and S + E, muscle vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA was higher (P < 0.05) 1 (S only), 2 and 3 h after speed endurance exercise than at rest. In S + E, muscle regulatory factor-4 and muscle heme oxygenase-1 mRNA were higher (P < 0.05) 1, 2, and 3 h after speed endurance exercise than at rest. In S, muscle hexokinase II mRNA was higher (P < 0.05) 2 and 3 h after speed endurance exercise than at rest and higher (P < 0.05) than in E after exercise. These findings suggest that in trained subjects, speed endurance exercise provides a stimulus for muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, substrate regulation, and angiogenesis that is not evident with endurance exercise. These responses are reinforced when speed endurance exercise is followed by endurance exercise.
authors.affiliation: Section of Integrated Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Team Danmark (Danish elite sports institution), Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Casper
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Skovgaard
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Henriette
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pilegaard
authors.affiliation: Section of Integrated Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark jbangsbo@nexs.ku.dk.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bangsbo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001642:Bicycling; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001706:Biopsy; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015444:Exercise; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006593:Hexokinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000378:metabolism; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000201:enzymology*; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D001678:Organelle Biogenesis; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D010807:Physical Endurance; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000081382:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors; C000631432:PDK4 protein, human; C486497:PPARGC1A protein, human; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D000081382:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C063403:myogenic factor 6; C496541:HMOX1 protein, human; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; C000609700:HK2 protein, human; D006593:Hexokinase; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
keywords: Combined exercise; endurance exercise; mRNA; muscular response; speed endurance exercise