title: How sociodemographic and hearing related factors were associated with use of hearing aid in a population-based study: The HUNT Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose was to study hearing aid (HA) use in persons 65 years and older, and to investigate how socioeconomic and hearing related factors were associated to use of HA.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 11,602 persons (65 years and above) from the second Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT2) and the integrated North-Trøndelag hearing loss study (NTHLS) in 1995-1997. Audiometry was taken of all participants. Missing information about use of HA in possible users of HA existed in data from 1103 (9.5 %) of the participants. Effects of sociodemographic variables, low, medium and high frequency hearing thresholds and being bothered by their hearing were explored in men and women, adjusting the effects for each other. Cross tabulations and logistic regression analyses were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 14 % (1472 of 10,499) were users of HA, but 62 % had a mean hearing impairment (HI) based on 0.5, 1, 2, 4 kHz over both ears >25 dB. Use of HA was associated with higher education. Adjusting for all covariates and hearing variables, each 10 dB medium frequency threshold shift increased the chance of HA-use by a factor of two-three in both men and women. Having reported being bothered by hearing loss additionally increased the chance around sevenfold. Low frequency hearing thresholds were not associated with HA-use in women. In men, low frequency hearing thresholds up to 50 dB increased odds for use of HA, but low frequency hearing thresholds ≥ 70 dB decreased odds for use of HA. Men living with a spouse had higher odds for using HA compared to men without a spouse. For women there is no difference between those with and without spouse in use of HA. Men and women without spouse did not differ in their use of HA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  About two third of 65 years and older participants had a HI higher than 25 dB, but only one seventh used HA. Use of HA was associated with higher than basic education. Men without a spouse were less likely to use HA compared to men with a spouse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Postboks 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway ; Ear, Nose and Throat Department, St Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway ; Norwegian National Advisory Unit for Aging and Health, Tønsberg, Norway.
authors.forename: Anne-Sofie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Helvik
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Postboks 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway ; HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Levanger, Norway ; Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Levanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Steinar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krokstad
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Mental Health, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tambs
keywords: Gender; Hearing aid; Hearing disability; Hearing handicap; Hearing impairment; Hearing loss; Socioeconomic status