title: Overweight among children and adolescent with type I diabetes mellitus: prevalence and associated factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Describe the overweight frequency (overweight and obesity) and identify the factors associated with this in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) treated at a University Children's Hospital in Rio de Janeiro.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is an analytical cross-sectional study, which included patients diagnosed with T1DM who had complete anthropometric data (weight and height) and excluded those using drugs with effect on weight gain, genetic syndromes, celiac disease, hypothyroidism, renal failure and other chronic diseases, and pregnant women. The data collection was referring to the last consultation, and with respect to laboratory tests, the most recent data was collected. The dependent variable was the overweight, defined as Z score ≥1. The independent variables were gender, age, insulin dose, duration of disease, lipid profile, glycated hemoglobin, type of prescribed food planning, and place of residence. A logistic regression model was built for each outcome studied, considering significant associations those with p < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 195 patients with a mean age of 10.6 (±3.8) years, and 49.7 % (n = 97) aged less than 10 years. The overweight frequency was 40 % (n = 78). The age ≥10 years (OR 0.41; 95 % CI 0.20-0.86; p = 0.019) and the dose of insulin/kg ideal weight (OR 3.38; 95 % CI 1:55-7:39; p = 0.002) were considered the variables associated with overweight.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a high prevalence of overweight, which explains strategies for promoting healthy eating habits and changing lifestyle with a focus on children and adolescents with diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Sector of the Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Verônica Medeiros
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Sector of the Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil ; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro (INJC/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil ; Research Group on Maternal and Child Health (GPSMI), INJC/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Carvalho Padilha
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Sector of the Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil ; Research Group on Maternal and Child Health (GPSMI), INJC/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Géssica Castor Fontes
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, INJC/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Alves
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Sector of the Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jorge Luiz
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Luescher
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Sector of the Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Porto
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro (INJC/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil ; Hepatology Sector of the Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF)/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wilza Arantes Ferreira
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Peres
keywords: Adolescents; Children; Nutritional assessment; Overweight; Type 1 diabetes mellitus