title: [Variation and clinical value of endothelial glycocalyx in the patients with septic shock].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the variation and clinical value of the degradation of endothelial glycocalyx in the patients with septic shock.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective case control study was conducted. Patients of 18 years or older diagnosed with septic shock and admitted to Department of Critical Care Medicine of Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University from June 2014 to May 2015 were enrolled. The levels of degradation products, including hyaluronic acid (HA) and heparin sulfate (HS), at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 hours were determined, while 20 healthy people were enrolled and served as controls. The changes of HA and HS were analyzed in the patients with septic shock. The differences of HA and HS between survival group and death group after 28 days were also analyzed. The relationships between HA, HS and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, arterial blood lactate (Lac), platelet, albumin were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to assess the prognostic value of HA and HS for patients with septic shock.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-one patients diagnosed as septic shock were enrolled, among whom 17 patients died after 28 days, with a mortality of 54.8%. The levels of HA and HS in patients with septic shock were increased significantly as compared with those of health control group, peaked at 48 hours, and the levels of HA and HS at 48 hours were significantly higher than those at 0 hour [HA (μg/L): 119.47±32.44 vs. 94.84±23.63, HS (μg/L): 72.83±19.03 vs. 58.83±16.63, both P < 0.05]. The levels of HA and HS at 0 hour and 48 hours in death group were significantly higher than those of the survival group [HA (μg/L): 130.42±27.67 vs. 93.29±29.80, 105.14±19.18 vs. 70.82±13.24; HS (μg/L): 67.23±25.01 vs. 39.23±14.58, 79.74±19.84 vs. 56.17±14.53, all P < 0.05]. The levels of HA and HS in patients with septic shock were remarkably positively correlated with the levels of TNF-α, SOFA score, Lac, and platelet, but were remarkably negatively correlated with albumin levels (r value of HA was 0.595, 0.462, 0.545, 0.466, -0.534, respectively; r value of HS was 0.607, 0.468, 0.563, 0.547, -0.455, respectively; all P < 0.05). It was demonstrated by ROC curves that the areas under ROC curve (AUC) of HA and HS at 0 hour and 48 hours for predicting the prognosis of patients with septic shock were 0.881, 0.940 and 0.833, 0.821, respectively, the sensitivities of HA and HS were 87.5%, 100.0% and 83.3%, 81.3%, respectively, and the specificities of HA and HS were 82.6%, 78.3% and 91.3%, 78.3%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The concentrations of degradation products generated by endothelial glycocalyx in the blood of the patients with septic shock are remarkably increased. The elevated levels of the degradation products are closely associated with the severity of septic shock, microcirculation disturbance, and the levels of inflammatory factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou 256600, Shandong, China (Li M, Hao D, Wang T, Sun T, Li Y, Lu F, Liu XL, Hu ZC, Wang XZ); Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou 256600, Shandong, China (Gao FQ, Lyu CJ). Corresponding author: Wang Xiaozhi, Email: hxicuwxz@163.com.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fuquan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhencai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Changjun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lyu
authors.forename: Xiaozhi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004727:Endothelium / Q000737:chemistry*; D019276:Glycocalyx / Q000737:chemistry*; D006493:Heparin / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000097:blood; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D063305:Organ Dysfunction Scores; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D006493:Heparin