title: Herring roe protein has a high digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) using a dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal model.
abstract: It is hypothesized that the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) can be determined based on dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal digestion experiments as replacement for invasive animal studies. We determined the in vitro DIAAS for immature herring eggs (roe) proteins in comparison with reference proteins. The true ileal digestibility of protein and indispensable amino acids (IAA) was measured under human conditions simulated in a gastrointestinal model (tiny-TIM). The in vitro true ileal digestibility of ovalbumin, cooked and raw chicken egg white, and casein was similar to that found in humans (r(2) = 0.96), providing a casual observation to support the validity of tiny-TIM. The digestibility of the immature herring egg proteins was 71% to 92%. The highest IAA digestibility was found for immature whole herring egg protein (55%-80%) in comparison to immature herring egg membrane and immature de-membraned herring protein (50%-70%). The DIAAS as recommended by FAO for children and adults, but measured in vitro, were 91% for immature whole herring egg protein (lysine first limiting), 71% for immature herring egg membrane protein (histidine first limiting), and 88% for immature herring egg de-membraned protein (sulfur AA first limiting). True ileal protein and amino acid digestibility can be determined in a dynamic gastrointestinal model, such as tiny-TIM, which can be used for estimating the DIAAS. Immature herring egg proteins, a previously underutilized resource, were determined to be an important and valuable source of IAA for human consumption.
authors.affiliation: Triskelion, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands. Electronic address: robert.havenaar@triskelion.nl.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Havenaar
authors.affiliation: Triskelion, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands. Electronic address: annet.maathuis@triskelion.nl.
authors.forename: Annet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maathuis
authors.affiliation: Triskelion, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands. Electronic address: aard.dejong@tno.nl.
authors.forename: Aard
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.affiliation: Arctic Nutrition, Industrivegen 42, NO-6160, Hovdebygda, Norway. Electronic address: daniele@arcticnutrition.no.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mancinelli
authors.affiliation: Arctic Nutrition, Industrivegen 42, NO-6160, Hovdebygda, Norway. Electronic address: alvinberger@q.com.
authors.forename: Alvin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.affiliation: Triskelion, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands. Electronic address: susann.bellmann@triskelion.nl.
authors.forename: Susann
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bellmann
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D004063:Digestion; D015387:Egg Proteins, Dietary / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005399:Fishes; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007082:Ileum / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D015387:Egg Proteins, Dietary; D029941:Fish Proteins
keywords: DIAAS; Herring egg protein; In vitro digestion; Indispensable amino acid; True protein digestibility