title: Conducting Precision Medicine Research with African Americans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Precision medicine is an approach to detecting, treating, and managing disease that is based on individual variation in genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Precision medicine is expected to reduce health disparities, but this will be possible only if studies have adequate representation of racial minorities.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  It is critical to anticipate the rates at which individuals from diverse populations are likely to participate in precision medicine studies as research initiatives are being developed. We evaluated the likelihood of participating in a clinical study for precision medicine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational study conducted between October 2010 and February 2011 in a national sample of African Americans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intentions to participate in a government sponsored study that involves providing a biospecimen and generates data that could be shared with other researchers to conduct future studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One third of respondents would participate in a clinical study for precision medicine. Only gender had a significant independent association with participation intentions. Men had a 1.86 (95% CI = 1.11, 3.12, p = 0.02) increased likelihood of participating in a precision medicine study compared to women in the model that included overall barriers and facilitators. In the model with specific participation barriers, distrust was associated with a reduced likelihood of participating in the research described in the vignette (OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.34, 0.96, p = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  African Americans may have low enrollment in PMI research. As PMI research is implemented, extensive efforts will be needed to ensure adequate representation. Additional research is needed to identify optimal ways of ethically describing precision medicine studies to ensure sufficient recruitment of racial minorities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America.|Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America.|Ralph H. Johnson Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States of America.
authors.forename: Chanita Hughes
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Halbert
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jasmine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.affiliation: Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vadaparampil
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America.|Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America.
authors.forename: LaShanta
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America.
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jefferson
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D035843:Biomedical Research; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D057285:Precision Medicine