title: Novel biomarkers for pulmonary arterial hypertension.
abstract: Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a deadly disease characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressures leading to right ventricular hypertrophy and failure. The confirmatory gold standard test is the invasive right heart catheterization. The disease course is monitored by pulmonary artery systolic pressure measurement via transthoracic echocardiography. A simple non-invasive test to frequently monitor the patients is much needed. Search for a novel biomarker that can be detected by a simple test is ongoing and many different options are being studied. Here we review some of the new and unique pre-clinical options for potential pulmonary hypertension biomarkers. These biomarkers can be broadly categorized based on their association with endothelial cell dysfunction, inflammation, epigenetics, cardiac function, oxidative stress, metabolism,extracellular matrix, and volatile compounds in exhaled breath condensate. A biomarker that can be detected in blood, urine or breath condensate and correlates with disease severity, progression and response to therapy may result in significant cost reduction and improved patient outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Departmentof Anesthesiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Anjum
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anwar
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Gregoire
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ruffenach
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Aman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahajan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Mansoureh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eghbali
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. sumar@mednet.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Soban
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8036-3079
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Umar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D062186:Arterial Pressure; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D066253:Vascular Remodeling
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers