title: EEG-fMRI Gradient Artifact Correction by Multiple Motion-Related Templates.
abstract: In simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), artifacts on the EEG arise from the switching of magnetic field gradients in the MR scanner. These artifacts depend on head position, and are, therefore, difficult to remove in the presence of subject motion. In this study, gradient artifacts are modeled by multiple templates extracted from externally recorded motion information.
  
  
  
  Gradient artifact correction was performed in EEG-fMRI recordings by estimating artifactual templates modulated by slowly varying splines, as well as head position information. The EEG signal quality was then compared following two common methods: averaged artifact subtraction (AAS) and optimal basis sets (OBS).
  
  
  
  Artifact correction using multiple templates estimated from splines or motion time courses outperformed the existing AAS and OBS approaches, as quantified by root-mean-square power across gradient epochs. Improvements were mostly seen in posterior EEG channels, where most of the residual artifacts are seen following the AAS and OBS methods. Residual spectral power was comparable to that of EEG signals recorded without fMRI scanning.
  
  
  
  Gradient artifacts can be well modeled by multiple templates estimated from head position information, resulting in an effective artifact removal.
  
  
  
  This method can facilitate EEG-fMRI of uncooperative subjects in whom motion is inevitable, for example, to investigate high-frequency EEG activity in which gradient artifacts are particularly prominent.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: LeVan
authors.forename: Shuoyue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Knowles
authors.forename: Maxim
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaitsev
authors.forename: Jurgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hennig
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted