title: Homocysteine as a predictive biomarker in early diagnosis of renal failure susceptibility and prognostic diagnosis for end stages renal disease.
abstract: Glomerular filtration rate and/or creatinine are not accurate methods for renal failure prediction. This study tested homocysteine (Hcy) as a predictive and prognostic marker for end stage renal disease (ESRD). In total, 176 subjects were recruited and divided into: healthy normal group (108 subjects); mild-to-moderate impaired renal function group (21 patients); severe impaired renal function group (7 patients); and chronic renal failure group (40 patients) who were on regular hemodialysis. Blood samples were collected, and serum was separated for analysis of total Hcy, creatinine, high sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP), serum albumin, and calcium. Data showed that Hcy level was significantly increased from normal-to-mild impairment then significantly decreases from mild impairment until the patient reaches severe impairment while showing significant elevation in the last stage of chronic renal disease. Creatinine level was increased in all stages of kidney impairment in comparison with control. CRP level was showing significant elevation in the last stage. A significant decrease in both albumin and calcium was occurred in all stages of renal impairment. We conclude Hcy in combination with CRP, creatinine, albumin, and calcium can be used as a prognostic marker for ESRD and an early diagnostic marker for the risk of renal failure.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Helwan University , Cairo , Egypt ;|b Cell Cycle Control Group, Center for Chromosome Biology , National University of Ireland , Galway , Ireland ;
authors.forename: Hatem K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Helwan University , Cairo , Egypt ;
authors.forename: Mohamed-I Kotb
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: El-Sayed
authors.affiliation: c Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine , University Hospital, Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt.
authors.forename: Ola F
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Leheta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood*; D018450:Disease Progression; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D004534:Egypt; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012709:Serum Albumin
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012709:Serum Albumin; D006710:Homocysteine; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003404:Creatinine; D002118:Calcium
keywords: C-reactive protein; Homocysteine; betaine; chronic kidney disease; creatinine; end stage renal disease; renal failure