title: Associations among gender, marital status, and outcomes of adult in-hospital cardiac arrest: A retrospective cohort study.
abstract: To analyse the association between gender and outcomes of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) and the influences of age and marital status on the gender-based difference in clinical outcome.
  
  
  
  This retrospective observational study conducted in a single medical centre evaluated patients who had experienced IHCA from 2006 to 2014. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to study associations between independent variables and outcomes. Patients 18-49 years old were considered of reproductive age. The presence or absence of a legitimate spouse was retrieved from the family pedigree presented in the medical records. Reproductive age and marital status were each analysed as an interaction term with gender.
  
  
  
  A total of 1524 patients, of which 598 were women (39.2%), were included in this study. There were 269 patients (17.7%) of reproductive age and 490 patients (32.2%) without a living spouse. Only 215 patients (14.1%) survived to hospital discharge. Among these, 110 patients (7.2%) demonstrated a favourable neurological status. Our analysis indicated that being female was inversely associated with a favourable neurological outcome (odds ratio [OR], 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29-0.87; p=0.02). Being female without a living spouse was inversely associated with a favourable neurological outcome (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.17-0.96; p=0.05). Neither female nor female-associated interaction terms were significantly associated with survival to hospital discharge.
  
  
  
  Female patients with IHCA had worse neurological outcomes than their male counterparts, especially for women without a living spouse. However, survival outcome did not differ between genders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Tien
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Min-Shan
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ping-Hsun
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Departments of Internal Medicine and Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Cardiology Division of Cardiovascular Medical Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yen-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan. Electronic address: wjchen1955@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Wen-Jone
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D008875:Middle Aged; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010351:Patient Discharge; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Critical care; Gender; Heart arrest; Marriage