title: Increased inhibitory synaptic activity in the hippocampus (CA1) of genetic absence epilepsy rats: Relevance of kindling resistance.
abstract: Genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg (GAERS), a well-validated genetic rat model for typical absence epilepsy, are known to manifest a resistance to secondary generalization of abnormal focal electrical activity evoked by kindling. The mechanism of this resistance is still unclear. In order to understand the possible mechanism of kindling resistance, we investigated for the first time, the differences of short-term synaptic plasticity by using a paired-pulse paradigm as an indicator of GABAergic activity in CA1 region of hippocampus in GAERS and non-epileptic Wistar rats in-vivo.
  
  
  
  Rats were subjected to kindling process, basolateral amygdala was stimulated twice a day, with a supra-threshold current, until they displayed limbic or convulsive seizures. One hour after the last kindling stimulation, evoked field potentials from CA1 pyramidal layer of hippocampus were recorded in-vivo under urethane anesthesia.
  
  
  
  In response to supra-threshold kindling stimulations GAERS showed a significantly delayed kindling progression and displayed a significant increase in hippocampal excitability at early stages of kindling that is the critical for the development of convulsive seizures. In control rats that were not received kindling stimulation, paired-pulse depression (PPD) was significantly pronounced in GAERS with respect to the Wistar group. During the kindling course, PPD was gradually reduced in the Wistar rats as kindling progression was advanced. However in GAERS, PPD ratios were not significantly changed at early stages of kindling. When GAERS reached convulsive stage, their PPD ratios became similar to that of Wistar rats.
  
  
  
  The increased inhibition in paired-pulse responses at early stages of kindling in GAERS suggests the role of augmented GABAergic activity as one of the underlying mechanisms of kindling resistance observed in genetic rat models of absence epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nihan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Çarçak
authors.affiliation: Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ergin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dileköz
authors.affiliation: Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Rezzan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gülhan
authors.affiliation: NEU, Faculty of Medicine, Nicosia, TRNC, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Rüştü
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Onur
authors.affiliation: Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: fonat@marmara.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Filiz Yılmaz
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Onat
authors.affiliation: Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: yildirimsara@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yıldırım
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D066272:Basolateral Nuclear Complex / Q000503:physiopathology; D056547:CA1 Region, Hippocampal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004832:Epilepsy, Absence / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D007696:Kindling, Neurologic; D008297:Male; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Absence epilepsy; Electrophysiology; GABA; GAERS; In-vivo; Paired-pulse depression