title: Nutrient Deprivation Affects Salmonella Invasion and Its Interaction with the Gastrointestinal Microbiota.
abstract: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a foodborne enteric pathogen and a major cause of gastroenteritis in humans. It is known that molecules derived from the human fecal microbiota downregulate S. Typhimurium virulence gene expression and induce a starvation-like response. In this study, S. Typhimurium was cultured in minimal media to mimic starvation conditions such as that experienced by S. Typhimurium in the human intestinal tract, and the pathogen's virulence in vitro and in vivo was measured. S. Typhimurium cultured in minimal media displayed a reduced ability to invade human epithelial cells in a manner that was at least partially independent of the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 (SPI-1) type III secretion system. Nutrient deprivation did not, however, alter the ability of S. Typhimurium to replicate and survive inside epithelial cells. In a murine model of S. Typhimurium-induced gastroenteritis, prior cultivation in minimal media did not alter the pathogen's ability to colonize mice, nor did it affect levels of gastrointestinal inflammation. Upon examining the post-infection fecal gastrointestinal microbiota, we found that specifically in the 129Sv/ImJ murine strain S. Typhimurium cultured in minimal media induced differential microbiota compositional shifts compared to that of S. Typhimurium cultured in rich media. Together these findings demonstrate that S. Typhimurium remains a potent pathogen even in the face of nutritional deprivation, but nevertheless that nutrient deprivation encountered in this environment elicits significant changes in the bacterium genetic programme, as well as its capacity to alter host microbiota composition.
authors.affiliation: Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.|Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yurist-Doutsch
authors.affiliation: Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.|Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
authors.forename: Marie-Claire
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Arrieta
authors.affiliation: Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.|Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tupin
authors.affiliation: Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.|Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
authors.forename: Yanet
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Valdez
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Inovação em Doenças Negligenciadas, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil.|Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22780-194, Brazil.
authors.forename: L Caetano M
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Antunes
authors.affiliation: Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.|Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.affiliation: Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.|Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.|Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
authors.forename: B Brett
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Finlay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000235:genetics*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D044404:Genomic Islands / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity; D013217:Starvation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins