title: Practice guidelines on the use of esophageal manometry - A GISMAD-SIGE-AIGO medical position statement.
abstract: Patients with esophageal symptoms potentially associated to esophageal motor disorders such as dysphagia, chest pain, heartburn and regurgitation, represent one of the most frequent reasons for referral to gastroenterological evaluation. The utility of esophageal manometry in clinical practice is: (1) to accurately define esophageal motor function, (2) to identify abnormal motor function, and (3) to establish a treatment plan based on motor abnormalities. With this in mind, in the last decade, investigations and technical advances, with the introduction of high-resolution esophageal manometry, have enhanced our understanding and management of esophageal motility disorders. The following recommendations were developed to assist physicians in the appropriate use of esophageal manometry in modern patient care. They were discussed and approved after a comprehensive review of the medical literature pertaining to manometric techniques and their recent application. This position statement created under the auspices of the Gruppo Italiano di Studio per la Motilità dell'Apparato Digerente (GISMAD), Società Italiana di Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia Digestiva (SIGE) and Associazione Italiana Gastroenterologi ed Endoscopisti Digestivi Ospedalieri (AIGO) is intended to help clinicians in applying manometric studies in the most fruitful manner within the context of their patients with esophageal symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy. Electronic address: edoardo.savarino@unipd.it.
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Savarino
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: de Bortoli
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bellini
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Galeazzi
authors.affiliation: Unit of Digestive Disease, Campus Bio Medico University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Mentore
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ribolsi
authors.affiliation: Clinica Chirurgica III, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salvador
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Savarino
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit - Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico - University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Penagini
mesh_terms: D002637:Chest Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D015154:Esophageal Motility Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006356:Heartburn / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007558:Italy; D008365:Manometry / Q000592:standards*; D012955:Societies, Medical
keywords: GERD; High resolution manometry; Impedance-pH; PPI; pH