title: Dengue and chikungunya viruses in plasma are effectively inactivated after treatment with methylene blue and visible light.
abstract: Arboviruses, such as dengue viruses (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV), pose a risk to the safe transfusion of blood components, including plasma. Pathogen inactivation is an approach to manage this transfusion transmission risk, with a number of techniques being used worldwide for the treatment of plasma. In this study, the efficacy of the THERAFLEX MB-Plasma system to inactivate all DENV serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4) or CHIKV in plasma, using methylene blue and light illumination at 630 nm, was investigated.
  
  
  
  Pooled plasma units were spiked with DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 DENV-4, or CHIKV and treated with the THERAFLEX MB-Plasma system at four light illumination doses: 20, 40, 60, and 120 (standard dose) J/cm(2) . Pre- and posttreatment samples were collected and viral infectivity was determined. The reduction in viral infectivity was calculated for each dose.
  
  
  
  Treatment of plasma with the THERAFLEX MB-Plasma system resulted in at least a 4.46-log reduction in all DENV serotypes and CHIKV infectious virus. The residual infectivity for each was at the detection limit of the assay used at 60 J/cm(2) , with dose dependency also observed.
  
  
  
  Our study demonstrated the THERAFLEX MB-Plasma system can reduce the infectivity of all DENV serotypes and CHIKV spiked into plasma to the detection limit of the assay used at half of the standard illumination dose. This suggests this system has the capacity to be an effective option for managing the risk of DENV or CHIKV transfusion transmission in plasma.
authors.affiliation: Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Australia.
authors.forename: Jesse J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Fryk
authors.affiliation: Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Australia.
authors.forename: Denese C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.affiliation: Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, and the.
authors.forename: Jody
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hobson-Peters
authors.affiliation: Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, and the.|QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Natalie A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Prow
authors.affiliation: Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, and the.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Watterson
authors.affiliation: Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, and the.
authors.forename: Roy A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, and the.
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: MacoPharma International GmbH, Langen, Germany; and.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reichenberg
authors.affiliation: MacoPharma, Mouvaux, France.
authors.forename: Chryslain
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sumian
authors.affiliation: Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Australia. hfaddy@redcrossblood.org.au.|School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. hfaddy@redcrossblood.org.au.
authors.forename: Helen M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Faddy
mesh_terms: D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000379:methods; D002646:Chikungunya virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010949:Plasma / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000528:radiation effects* / Q000821:virology; D038301:Virus Inactivation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D008751:Methylene Blue