title: Urinary abnormalities and renal function in pregnant women with chronic hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal involvement in pregnant women with chronic hypertension is not widely known.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  1- To describe the epidemiological profile of pregnant women with chronic hypertension; 2- To evaluate urinary abnormalities (by urinalysis), renal function (serum creatinine and cystatin C, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR); 3- To evaluate the pregnancy outcome in chronic hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  103 pregnant women with chronic hypertension (blood pressure over 140/90 mmHg, detected previously to pregnancy or until the 20th week) were submitted to clinical and laboratorial evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pregnant women were 21-45 (mean: 34) years-old. Protein/creatinine ratio in random urine was elevated in 5.2% (0.0-6.4g/g), serum creatinine in 19.6% and cystatin C in 14.7% of them. It was observed that characteristics of pregnant patients and their newborns (vs. frequencies of the cases with CKD-EPI cystatin C < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) were: 20.5% (33.3%) of preterm birth < 37 weeks, 17.5% (22.2%) of birth weight < 2500g and 17.5% (22.2%) of small for gestational age; superimposed preeclampsia-eclampsia occurred in 24.7% (22.2%) of the cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Renal abnormalities were detected by proteinuria, determinations of serum creatinine and cystatin C in 5.2, 19.6 and 14.7% of the cases. The results suggest that the formulas CKD-EPI and MDRD can have applicability in assessing renal function in pregnant women. It was also shown a high frequency of preterm birth or with < 2500g at birth or small for gestational age, as well as of superimposed preeclampsia-eclampsia (24.7%) in pregnant women with chronic hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Guilherme Santos da
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Silva Junior
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silvia Regina
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sonia K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nelson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sass
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gianna Mastroianni
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Kirsztajn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016482:Urinalysis; D055815:Young Adult