title: Determination of ferroelectric contributions to electromechanical response by frequency dependent piezoresponse force microscopy.
abstract: Hysteresis loop analysis via piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is typically performed to probe the existence of ferroelectricity at the nanoscale. However, such an approach is rather complex in accurately determining the pure contribution of ferroelectricity to the PFM. Here, we suggest a facile method to discriminate the ferroelectric effect from the electromechanical (EM) response through the use of frequency dependent ac amplitude sweep with combination of hysteresis loops in PFM. Our combined study through experimental and theoretical approaches verifies that this method can be used as a new tool to differentiate the ferroelectric effect from the other factors that contribute to the EM response.
authors.affiliation: School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Daehee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Seol
authors.affiliation: School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seongjae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 46, pr. Nauki, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Olexandr V
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Varenyk
authors.affiliation: Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.
authors.forename: Shinbuhm
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.
authors.forename: Ho Nyung
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 46, pr. Nauki, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Anna N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Morozovska
authors.affiliation: School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yunseok
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim