title: Systematic meta-analysis on association of human papilloma virus and oral cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oral cancer is a disease with complex etiology. There is a strong evidence for the role of smoking, alcohol, genetic susceptibility, and indications that DNA viruses could also be involved in oral cancer. Recognized initially as sexually transmitted agent, human papilloma virus (HPV) is now considered a human carcinogen. Papilloma viruses are epitheliotropic viruses. A strong association of cervical cancer has been implicated with high-risk HPV16 and HPV18 infections, establishing the viral pathogenesis of the carcinoma. The etiopathogenesis is still unclear referring mainly to conflicting evidences in the detection of such viruses in oral carcinoma in spite of few studies suggesting their positive correlation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This systematic meta-analysis aimed to provide evidence-based analysis of literature relating oral cancer and HPV, along with identification of reliable diagnostic methodology for identifying HPV in oral and oropharyngeal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review was performed using PubMed (from the year 1995 to 2015), Medline, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, and the Internet search. Reviewed literature included randomized control trials, cross sectional and cohort studies. Pooled data were analyzed by calculating relative risk and odds ratios (ORs), using a binary random-effects model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 1497 cases, 588 patients were positive for HPV DNA, detected by various methods. About 39.27% of case samples were positive for HPV DNA. The calculated OR was 2.82 and 95% confidence interval, which showed significantly an increased risk of HPV among case group when compared to that of controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present meta-analysis suggests a potentially significant casual relation between HPV and oral and oropharyngeal cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Nallan C S K
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Chaitanya
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Neeharika Satya Jyothi
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Allam
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Gandhi Babu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Shefali
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Waghray
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Badam
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Reddy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lavanya
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004279:DNA, Viral; D006801:Humans; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral