title: SERUM LEVELS OF CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).
  
  
  METHODS
  A comparative, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan, on 282 adult subjects from March 2012 to June 2015. Subjects were classified into 2 groups: T2DM subjects (n = 168) and a healthy comparison group (n = 114). Subjects with any condition known to be associated with elevated CEA levels were excluded. HbA1c and serum CEA levels were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with T2DM had significantly higher mean serum CEA than controls (2.4 ± 1.5 vs. 1.5 ± 1.2 ng/mL, P<.0001). Sex did not correlate with CEA levels, while age (Spearman's rho [ρ] = 0.18, P = .002) and HbA1c (ρ = 0.56, P<.0001) did; however, age no longer correlated after correcting for diabetic status. HbA1c was the only variable shown to correlate with CEA in a stepwise linear regression (r = 0 .37, P<.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed a statistically significant association between elevated CEA and T2DM, despite average CEA values for both groups being within the reference range. In addition, serum CEA levels correlated positively with HbA1c values.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ADA = American Diabetes Association BMI = body mass index CA 19-9 = carbohydrate antigen 19-9 CEA = carcinoembryonic antigen CRP = C-reactive protein DM = diabetes mellitus HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin JUH = Jordan University Hospital T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus ρ = Spearman's correlation coefficient.
authors.forename: Ayman A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Zayed
authors.forename: Abdallah M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Beano
authors.forename: Farah N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Amer
authors.forename: Jumana M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Maslamani
authors.forename: Mohammad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zmaili
authors.forename: Talha H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Al-Khudary
authors.forename: Munther S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Momani
authors.forename: Al-Motassem F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Yousef
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007597:Jordan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human