title: Behavioral Adjustment of School-Age Children with and without Single-Suture Craniosynostosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous research has observed higher than average rates of behavior problems in school-age children with single-suture craniosynostosis. However, most studies used a single informant (mothers) and did not include comparison groups to control for sociodemographic factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors gave standardized behavior checklists to the mothers, fathers, and teachers of 179 elementary school children with single-suture craniosynostosis and 183 controls. We used linear regression to compare children with and without single-suture craniosynostosis on continuous measures of adjustment, and logistic regression to compare the proportions of children who scored above a well-established clinical threshold based on the report of one or more informants. All analyses were adjusted for demographic confounds (age, sex, socioeconomic status, maternal intelligence quotient).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cases received higher average behavior problem scores than controls from all informants. However, differences were small in magnitude (0.01 to 0.2 SD; p = 0.12 to p = 0.96). Thirty-three percent of children with single-suture craniosynostosis were rated above a clinical threshold by one or more informants, compared with 21 percent of controls (adjusted odds ratio, 1.67; p = 0.04). Among cases, children with metopic synostosis had the highest level of observed behavior problems (41 percent greater than threshold); those with sagittal synostosis had the lowest level (29 percent).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors observed little difference in average ratings of behavior problems between children with and without single-suture craniosynostosis. However, children with single-suture craniosynostosis were more likely to score above a clinical threshold than unaffected controls. No specific areas of maladjustment were associated with case status or location of suture fusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Risk, II.
authors.affiliation: Seattle, Wash.; and Chicago, Ill.|From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington; the Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute; the Cleft-Craniofacial Center, Shriner's Hospital for Children; and the Craniofacial Center, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago.
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Speltz
authors.affiliation: Seattle, Wash.; and Chicago, Ill.|From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington; the Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute; the Cleft-Craniofacial Center, Shriner's Hospital for Children; and the Craniofacial Center, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago.
authors.forename: Brent R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Collett
authors.affiliation: Seattle, Wash.; and Chicago, Ill.|From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington; the Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute; the Cleft-Craniofacial Center, Shriner's Hospital for Children; and the Craniofacial Center, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago.
authors.forename: Erin R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.affiliation: Seattle, Wash.; and Chicago, Ill.|From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington; the Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute; the Cleft-Craniofacial Center, Shriner's Hospital for Children; and the Craniofacial Center, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kapp-Simon
mesh_terms: D057189:Checklist; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology