title: Comparison of fibrin clots derived from peripheral blood and bone marrow.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Autologous fibrin clots derived from peripheral blood (pb-fibrin clot) and bone marrow (bm-fibrin clot) are thought to be effective for tissue regeneration. However, there is no report detailing the amount of growth factors in pb-/bm-fibrin clot. In this study we evaluated the amount of growth factors in human pb-/bm-fibrin clot, and prove the validity of fibrin clot for clinical use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human pb-/bm-fibrin clots were obtained during surgery. In the first experiment, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed for detecting the amount of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), fibroblast growth factor basic (bFGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), platelet derived-growth factors-AB (PDGF-AB), and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1). In the second experiment, the efficacy of fibrin clot on the osteogenic differentiation and fibroblast proliferation was evaluated. Pb-/bm-fibrin clots were incubated in human osteoblast derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) or human skin fibroblast. Alizarin red staining and real-time PCR (COL1A1, RUNX2) were performed for the detection of osteogenic potential. Cell-growth assay (WST-8) and real-time PCR (COL1A1) were also performed for the detection of the potential of fibroblast proliferation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ELISA analysis revealed that the amount of VEGF, HGF, bFGF, IGF-1, and SDF-1 of bm-fibrin clot group is higher than that of pb-fibrin clot group with statistical differences. Besides, we confirmed that bm-fibrin clot has much potential for the osteogenic differentiation and fibroblast proliferation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The positive outcomes confirm the efficacy of pb-/bm-fibrin clot, and bm-fibrin clot was proved to have much potential for tissue regeneration compared with pb-fibrin clot. The current study showed the potential of a strategy for regenerative medicine using bm-fibrin clot.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University , Hiroshima , Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shoji
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University , Hiroshima , Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakasa
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University , Hiroshima , Japan.
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshizuka
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University , Hiroshima , Japan.
authors.forename: Takuma
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.affiliation: b Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Hiroshima Prefectural Rehabilitation Center , Hiroshima , Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yasunaga
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University , Hiroshima , Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University , Hiroshima , Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ochi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000378:metabolism*; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000090602:Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D005337:Fibrin / Q000378:metabolism*; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D000090602:Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C493709:RUNX2 protein, human; D005337:Fibrin
keywords: Bone marrow; fibrin clot; fibroblast proliferation; growth factor; osteogenic differentiation