title: Protective effect of procyanidins extracted from the lotus seedpod on immune function injury induced by extremely low frequency electromagnetic field.
abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of Lotus seedpod procyanidins (LSPCs) from extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure (50Hz, 8mT, 28 days) and their protective mechanism against radiation damage. The results showed that LSPCs increased the organ index of mice and made the damaged blood-producing function and cytokine(INF-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 in spleen) levels by ELF-EMF-irradiation recovered to normal appearance. And experimental results proved that dosing LSPCs inhibit more stagnation of splenocytes in G0/G1 phase caused by ELF-EMF, thus the spleen cells from G0/G1 phase to S phase shift, restore normal cell metabolism, promote the splenocytes proliferation, reduced the apoptosis of spleen cells, effective protect the damage induced by the ELF-EMF radiation. In addition, LSPCs prevented the decline of DNA content caused by ELF-EMF. Western blot determinated the levels of apoptosis genes including Bcl-2, Bax, Bcl-cl, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9. The results revealed that a significant suppression in Bcl-2 expression and increase in Bax, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 expression in splenic cells in ELF-EMF group. However, LSPCs restored these changes. Taking these results together, it may be summarized that LSPCs could protect hematopoietic tissues and the immune system from ELF-EMF. And it may be hypothesized that ELF-EMF-induced apoptosis in splenocytes might occur via triggers the trans-activation of Bax and activates caspases-3 and -9, which then cleaves the death substrates, leading to apoptosis in splenocytes of mice treated with ELF-EMF.
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
authors.forename: Haihui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
authors.forename: Yanxiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China. Electronic address: dyq101@ujs.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yuqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Duan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D015992:Body Mass Index; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000293:injuries*; D031653:Nelumbo / Q000737:chemistry*; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000187:drug effects; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D012015:Reference Standards; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006454:Hemoglobins; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D020011:Protective Agents; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D004247:DNA; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9
keywords: Apoptosis; Cytokine; Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field; Immune function; Lotus seedpod procyanidins