title: Incorporating Environmental Justice into Second Generation Indices of Multiple Deprivation: Lessons from the UK and Progress Internationally.
abstract: Second generation area-based indices of multiple deprivation have been extensively used in the UK over the last 15 years. They resulted from significant developments in political, technical, and conceptual spheres for deprivation data. We review the parallel development of environmental justice research and how and when environmental data was incorporated into these indices. We explain the transfer of these methods from the UK to Germany and assess the progress internationally in developing such indices. Finally, we illustrate how billions of pounds in the UK was allocated by using these tools to tackle neighbourhood deprivation and environmental justice to address the determinants of health.
authors.affiliation: Business School, Staffordshire University, Staffordshire ST4 2DE, UK. jon.fairburn@staffs.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fairburn
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum M&#252;nchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg 85764, Germany. werner.maier@helmholtz-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.affiliation: European Centre for Environment and Health, World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe, Bonn 53113, Germany. mbr@ecehbonn.euro.who.int.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Braubach
mesh_terms: D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000379:methods*; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D011203:Poverty; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012935:Social Justice; D006113:United Kingdom
keywords: environmental justice; geographic information systems; indices of multiple deprivation; policy