title: Involvement of toll-like receptors 3 and 7/8 in the neuropathogenesis of bovine herpesvirus types 1 and 5.
abstract: Bovine herpesvirus types 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) are closely related alpha-herpesviruses. BoHV-5 is the causal agent of non-suppurative meningoencephalitis in calves. BoHV-1 causes respiratory disease, abortions, genital disorders and, occasionally, encephalitis in cattle. Both viruses are neurotropic and they share similar biological properties. Nevertheless, they differ in their ability to cause neurological disease. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are involved in the innate immune response to pathogens. In this study, the variations in the expression levels of TLRs were evaluated in different regions of the bovine central nervous system during the acute infection and reactivation of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5- infected cattle. With the exception of TLR9, significant up-regulation of all TLRs was detected following primary infection of neural tissues by both bovine alpha-herpesviruses. Furthermore, the stages of acute infection and reactivation were characterized by a distinguishable TLR expression pattern. Important differences in TLR expression upon infection of the central nervous system by BoHV-1 or BoHV-5 were not detected. The striking differences in TLR mRNA levels during acute infection and reactivation provide evidence that the innate immune response may be involved in the clinical outcomes observed at each stage. Further research is required to analyze the mechanisms that initiate TLR activation and the signaling cascade mediated by each TLR to elucidate the precise role these receptors play in bovine herpesvirus encephalitis.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, Tandil (7000), Argentina.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rensetti
authors.affiliation: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 73.5 (7620), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Maia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Análisis Fares Taie, Rivadavia 3331, (7600) Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Silvina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Quintana
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, Tandil (7000), Argentina.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morán
authors.affiliation: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 73.5 (7620), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verna
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 73.5 (7620), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Anselmo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Odeón
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, Tandil (7000, Argentina. Electronic address: seperez@vet.unicen.edu.ar.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pérez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D018792:Encephalitis, Viral / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D007242:Herpesvirus 1, Bovine / Q000302:isolation & purification; D025881:Herpesvirus 5, Bovine / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D011247:Pregnancy; D011897:Random Allocation; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051199:Toll-Like Receptor 7 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051200:Toll-Like Receptor 8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3; D051199:Toll-Like Receptor 7; D051200:Toll-Like Receptor 8; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
keywords: Bovine herpesvirus; Innate immunity; Neuropathology; Toll-like receptors