title: The Anticonvulsant and Neuroprotective Effects of Oxysophocarpine on Pilocarpine-Induced Convulsions in Adult Male Mice.
abstract: Epilepsy is one of the prevalent and major neurological disorders, and approximately one-third of the individuals with epilepsy experience seizures that do not respond well to available medications. We investigated whether oxysophocarpine (OSC) had anticonvulsant and neuroprotective property in the pilocarpine (PILO)-treated mice. Thirty minutes prior to the PILO injection, the mice were administrated with OSC (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) once. Seizures and electroencephalography (EEG) were observed, and then the mice were killed for Nissl and Fluoro-jade B (FJB) staining. The oxidative stress was measured at 24 h after convulsion. Western blot analysis was used to examine the expressions of the Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3. In this study, we found that pretreatment with OSC (40, 80 mg/kg) significantly delayed the onset of the first convulsion and status epilepticus (SE) and reduced the incidence of SE and mortality. Analysis of EEG recordings revealed that OSC (40, 80 mg/kg) significantly reduced epileptiform discharges. Furthermore, Nissl and FJB staining showed that OSC (40, 80 mg/kg) attenuated the neuronal cell loss and degeneration in hippocampus. In addition, OSC (40, 80 mg/kg) attenuated the changes in the levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and strengthened glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity in the hippocampus. Western blot analysis showed that OSC (40, 80 mg/kg) significantly decreased the expressions of Bax, Caspase-3 and increased the expression of Bcl-2. Collectively, the findings of this study indicated that OSC exerted anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects on PILO-treated mice. The beneficial effects should encourage further studies to investigate OSC as an adjuvant in epilepsy, both to prevent seizures and to protect neurons in brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
authors.forename: Xian-Hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
authors.forename: Peng-Sheng
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
authors.forename: Feng-Mei
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China. li_yuxiang@163.com.
authors.forename: Yu-Xiang
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China. yujq910315@163.com.|Ningxia Hui Medicine Modern Engineering Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China. yujq910315@163.com.
authors.forename: Jian-Qiang
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000470:Alkaloids / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000633:toxicity*; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000093842:Matrines
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010862:Pilocarpine; C046246:oxysophocarpine; D000093842:Matrines
keywords: Anticonvulsant; Convulsion; Neuronal damage; Neuroprotection; Oxysophocarpine; Pilocarpine