title: Aberrant Functional Whole-Brain Network Architecture in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Meta-analysis.
abstract: Findings from multiple lines of research provide evidence of aberrant functional brain connectivity in schizophrenia. By using graph-analytical measures, recent studies indicate that patients with schizophrenia exhibit changes in the organizational principles of whole-brain networks and that these changes relate to cognitive symptoms. However, there has not been a systematic investigation of functional brain network changes in schizophrenia to test the consistency of these changes across multiple studies. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify all available functional graph-analytical studies in patients with schizophrenia. Effect size measures were derived from each study and entered in a random-effects meta-analytical model. All models were tested for effects of potential moderator variables as well as for the presence of publication bias. The results of a total of n = 13 functional neuroimaging studies indicated that brain networks in patients with schizophrenia exhibit significant decreases in measures of local organization (g = -0.56, P = .02) and significant decreases in small-worldness (g = -0.65, P = .01) whereas global short communication paths seemed to be preserved (g = 0.26, P = .32). There was no evidence for a publication bias or moderator effects. The present meta- analysis demonstrates significant changes in whole brain network architecture associated with schizophrenia across studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; joseph.kambeitz@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kambeitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany;
authors.forename: Lana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kambeitz-Ilankovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany;
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cabral
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany;
authors.forename: Dominic B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Dwyer
authors.affiliation: The Mind Research Network & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM;
authors.forename: Vince D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Calhoun
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Martijn P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: van den Heuvel
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany;
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Falkai
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany;
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koutsouleris
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany;
authors.forename: Berend
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Malchow
mesh_terms: D063132:Connectome / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: cognition; connectivity; graph analysis; meta-analysis; schizophrenia