title: Risk Factors Associated with Peer Victimization and Bystander Behaviors among Adolescent Students.
abstract: Despite the prevalence of the phenomena of peer victimization and bystander behaviors, little data has generated to describe their relationships and risk factors. In this paper, a self-administered survey using a cross-sectional cluster-random sampling method in a sample of 5450 participants (2734 girls and 2716 boys) between 4th and 11th grades was conducted at six schools (two primary schools and four middle schools) located in Shantou, China. Self-reported peer victimization, bystander behaviors and information regarding parents' risky behaviors and individual behavioral factors were collected. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate risk factors affecting peer victimization and bystander behaviors. The results indicated that urban participants were more likely to become bullying victims but less likely to become passive bystanders. Contrarily, bullying victimization was related to the increasing of passive bystander behaviors. Father drinking and mother smoking as independent factors were risk factors for peer victimization. Participants who were smoking or drinking had a tendency to be involved in both peer victimization and passive bystander behaviors. This study suggested that bystander behaviors, victims' and parents' educations play a more important role in peer victimization than previously thought.
authors.affiliation: Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou 515041, China. idenge@foxmail.com.
authors.forename: Zepeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Fu Jian Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 76 Jin Tai Road, Fu Zhou 350001, China. liuzhennijy@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhenni
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou 515041, China. xxliu2014@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiangxiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou 515041, China. laiwen@tropmedres.ac.
authors.forename: Laiwen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: The Second People's Hospital of Long Gang District, 175 Ji Hua Road, Shenzhen 518172, China. zyfish525@126.com.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 57 Chang Ping Road, Shantou 515041, China. oulimin138@sina.com.
authors.forename: Limin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou 515041, China. lpli@stu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D058445:Bullying / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002681:China; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D012307:Risk Factors; D012574:Schools; D057566:Self Report; D013334:Students; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: adolescents; bullying; bystander; risk factors