title: Root microbiota dynamics of perennial Arabis alpina are dependent on soil residence time but independent of flowering time.
abstract: Recent field and laboratory experiments with perennial Boechera stricta and annual Arabidopsis thaliana suggest that the root microbiota influences flowering time. Here we examined in long-term time-course experiments the bacterial root microbiota of the arctic-alpine perennial Arabis alpina in natural and controlled environments by 16S rRNA gene profiling. We identified soil type and residence time of plants in soil as major determinants explaining up to 15% of root microbiota variation, whereas environmental conditions and host genotype explain maximally 11% of variation. When grown in the same soil, the root microbiota composition of perennial A. alpina is largely similar to those of its annual relatives A. thaliana and Cardamine hirsuta. Non-flowering wild-type A. alpina and flowering pep1 mutant plants assemble an essentially indistinguishable root microbiota, thereby uncoupling flowering time from plant residence time-dependent microbiota changes. This reveals the robustness of the root microbiota against the onset and perpetual flowering of A. alpina. Together with previous studies, this implies a model in which parts of the root microbiota modulate flowering time, whereas, after microbiota acquisition during vegetative growth, the established root-associated bacterial assemblage is structurally robust to perturbations caused by flowering and drastic changes in plant stature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dombrowski
authors.affiliation: Plant-Soil-Interactions, Institute for Sustainability Sciences, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schlaeppi
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Agler
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hacquard
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.|Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kemen
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.|Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.|Department of Algorithmic Bioinformatics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Ruben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garrido-Oter
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wunder
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Coupland
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.|Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schulze-Lefert
mesh_terms: D031214:Arabis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D001110:Arctic Regions; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D035264:Flowers / Q000254:growth & development*; D005838:Genotype; D064307:Microbiota; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D012987:Soil