title: Neural markers of social and monetary rewards in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder.
abstract: Recent theories of decision making propose a shared value-related brain mechanism for encoding monetary and social rewards. We tested this model in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and control children. We monitored participants' brain dynamics using high density-electroencephalography while they played a monetary and social reward tasks. Control children exhibited a feedback Error-Related Negativity (fERN) modulation and Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) source activation during both tasks. Remarkably, although cooperation resulted in greater losses for the participants, the betrayal options generated greater fERN responses. ADHD subjects exhibited an absence of fERN modulation and reduced ACC activation during both tasks. ASD subjects exhibited normal fERN modulation during monetary choices and inverted fERN/ACC responses in social options than did controls. These results suggest that in neurotypicals, monetary losses and observed disloyal social decisions induced similar activity in the brain value system. In ADHD children, difficulties in reward processing affected early brain signatures of monetary and social decisions. Conversely, ASD children showed intact neural markers of value-related monetary mechanisms, but no brain modulation by prosociality in the social task. These results offer insight into the typical and atypical developments of neural correlates of monetary and social reward processing.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Traslacional (INCYT), Laboratorio de Psicología Experimental y Neurociencias (LPEN), Fundación INECO, Universidad Favaloro, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Maria Luz
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Gadea
authors.affiliation: Universidad Di Tella. Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sigman
authors.affiliation: Programa Argentino para Niños, Adolescentes y Adultos con Condiciones del Espectro Autista (PANAACEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Alexia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rattazzi
authors.affiliation: Centre for the Study of Argumentation and Reasoning, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile.|Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Social (LaNCyS), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lavin
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Social (LaNCyS), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rivera-Rei
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neuroimágenes, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.|Grupo de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Universidad de Granada, España.
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Traslacional (INCYT), Laboratorio de Psicología Experimental y Neurociencias (LPEN), Fundación INECO, Universidad Favaloro, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.|Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Australian Research Council (ACR), New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Facundo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Manes
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Traslacional (INCYT), Laboratorio de Psicología Experimental y Neurociencias (LPEN), Fundación INECO, Universidad Favaloro, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.|Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Australian Research Council (ACR), New South Wales, Australia.|Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago de Chile, Chile.|Universidad Autonoma del Caribe, Barranquilla, Colombia.
authors.forename: Agustin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ibanez
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003657:Decision Making; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D000068156:Formative Feedback; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D012201:Reward; D012919:Social Behavior