title: Brazilein inhibits neuronal inflammation induced by cerebral ischemia and oxygen-glucose deprivation through targeting NOD2 expression.
abstract: Brazilein is reported to have immunosuppressive effect on cardiovascular and cerebral-vascular diseases. The essential roles of innate immunity in cerebral ischemia are increasingly identified, but no studies concerning the influence of brazilein on the innate immunity receptors have been reported. The present study was designed to investigate the regulation of NOD2 (Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2) by brazilein for its protection of neuron in cerebral ischemia in vivo and oxygen-glucose deprivation in vitro. The results showed that brazilein could reverse the elevated expression of NOD2 and TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha) elicited by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. This reduction could also be detected in normal mice and C17.2 cells, indicating that this suppressive effect of brazilein was correlated with NOD2. The results from GFP reporter plasmid assay suggested brazilein inhibited NOD2 gene transcription. In conclusion, brazilein could attenuate NOD2 and TNFα expression in cerebral ischemia and NOD2 may be one possible target of brazilein for its immune suppressive effect in neuro-inflammation.
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Jin
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Shuang
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Yi
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Pei
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Jing-Fei
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. Electronic address: pharm@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Dong-Ming
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. Electronic address: lijundu@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Li-Jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: DU
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007192:Indenes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001578:Benzopyrans; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D007192:Indenes; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; C495945:Nod2 protein, mouse; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C050295:brazilein; D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Brazilein; NOD2; Neuroinflammation