title: An Optimized Small Tissue Handling System for Immunohistochemistry and In Situ Hybridization.
abstract: Recent development in 3D printing technology has opened an exciting possibility for manufacturing 3D devices on one's desktop. We used 3D modeling programs to design 3D models of a tissue-handling system and these models were "printed" in a stereolithography (SLA) 3D printer to create precision histology devices that are particularly useful to handle multiple samples with small dimensions in parallel. Our system has been successfully tested for in situ hybridization of zebrafish embryos. Some of the notable features include: (1) A conveniently transferrable chamber with 6 mesh-bottomed wells, each of which can hold dozens of zebrafish embryos. This design allows up to 6 different samples to be treated per chamber. (2) Each chamber sits in a well of a standard 6-well tissue culture plate. Thus, up to 36 different samples can be processed in tandem using a single 6 well plate. (3) Precisely fitting lids prevent solution evaporation and condensation, even at high temperatures for an extended period of time: i.e., overnight riboprobe hybridization. (4) Flat bottom mesh maximizes the consistent treatment of individual tissue samples. (5) A magnet-based lifter was created to handle up to 6 chambers (= 36 samples) in unison. (6) The largely transparent resin aids in convenient visual inspection both with eyes and using a stereomicroscope. (7) Surface engraved labeling enables an accurate tracking of different samples. (8) The dimension of wells and chambers minimizes the required amount of precious reagents. (9) Flexible parametric modeling enables an easy redesign of the 3D models to handle larger or more numerous samples. Precise dimensions of 3D models and demonstration of how we use our devices in whole mount in situ hybridization are presented. We also provide detailed information on the modeling software, 3D printing tips, as well as 3D files that can be used with any 3D printer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, BBRI 215, 700 George Street, Durham, NC, 27707, United States of America.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Anthony
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, BBRI 215, 700 George Street, Durham, NC, 27707, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ju-Ahng
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008280:Magnetics; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D012984:Software; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000254:growth & development