title: The Association of Vitamin D Status with Dyslipidaemia and Biomarkers of Endothelial Cell Activation in Older Australians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vitamin D has been investigated for many non-skeletal effects. The objective of this study was to determine whether circulating lipids, systemic inflammation, and biomarkers of endothelial cell activation varied with the vitamin D status of older Australians.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and one participants were proportionately and randomly sampled across tertiles of 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) from a larger cohort of free living older adults (T1 median = 97; T2 median = 74.5; T3 median = 56.8 nmol/L). Overnight fasting blood samples were assayed for 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), insulin, triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Markers of systemic inflammation (high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) and endothelial activation (hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), P-selectin and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM), soluble intracellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)) were determined. A general linear model multivariate analysis with a backward elimination procedure was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-three participants (48 women, 35 men), aged 65 ± 7.7 years, BMI 28 ± 4.5 kg/m², with complete data were analyzed. The final parsimonious model controlled for age, gender, BMI, and McAuley's index, but excluded season, medications, and PTH. There were significant differences across 25(OH)D tertiles in TC (T1 < T3, p = 0.003; T2 < T3, p = 0.001), LDL-C (T1 < T3, p = 0.005; T2 < T3, p = 0.001), TAG (T2 < T3, p = 0.026), HGF (T1 > T3, p = 0.009) and sVCAM (T1 > T3, P = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher vitamin D status may protect the endothelium through reduced dyslipidaemia and increased HGF.
authors.affiliation: Health Promotion &amp; Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia. alimahdim.alyami@postgrad.curtin.edu.au.
authors.forename: Ali M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Alyami
authors.affiliation: Health Promotion &amp; Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia. virginie.lam@postgrad.curtin.edu.au.
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.affiliation: Health Promotion &amp; Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia. m.soares@curtin.edu.au.
authors.forename: Mario J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Occupation and the Environnent, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia. Y.Zhao@exchange.curtin.edu.au.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Health Promotion &amp; Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia. J.Sherriff@curtin.edu.au.
authors.forename: Jillian L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sherriff
authors.affiliation: Health Promotion &amp; Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia. J.Mamo@curtin.edu.au.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mamo
authors.affiliation: Health Promotion &amp; Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia. T.P.James@curtin.edu.au.
authors.forename: Anthony P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: James
authors.affiliation: University Health Service, Support Services, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia. F.Coombes@exchange.curtin.edu.au.
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Coombes
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D058620:Elder Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000208:ethnology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status / Q000208:ethnology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014904:Western Australia / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C066855:HGF protein, human; D014807:Vitamin D; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: cardiovascular disease; endothelial function; inflammation; lipids; vitamin D