title: Eosinophilic esophagitis: current perspectives from diagnosis to management.
abstract: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic antigen-mediated immune disease of the esophagus characterized by symptoms related to esophageal dysfunction, as well as significant esophageal eosinophilia. Although dense eosinophilia is the hallmark of EoE, other characteristic histologic features have been described that may help distinguish EoE from other competing diagnoses, although none are specific to EoE. One or more foods and, at times, environmental allergens trigger EoE. Left untreated, esophageal inflammation in EoE may lead to esophageal remodeling and stricture formation. Symptoms in EoE vary with age, as they relate to the progression of the disease from an inflammatory to a fibrostenotic phenotype over time. There are currently no U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies for EoE. Current options include various dietary-restriction therapies, topical corticosteroids, and esophageal dilations. Several emerging therapies aiming at restoring the esophageal barrier function or targeting various inflammatory cells or their mediators are under investigation.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Service, Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland. fmoawad@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Fouad J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Moawad
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Edaire
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Vaudois/CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schoepfer
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Sahar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Haddad
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bellizzi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.affiliation: Ontario Dynacare Laboratories, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Hala
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: El-Zimaity
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Maha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guindi
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, and Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Penagini
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ekaterina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Safrooneva
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Mount Sinai Center for Eosinophilic Disorders, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Mirna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chehade
mesh_terms: D019468:Disease Management; D018450:Disease Progression; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D057765:Eosinophilic Esophagitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors
keywords: allergy; corticosteroids; dietary treatment; dilation; dysphagia; eosinophilia; eosinophilic esophagitis; esophagitis