title: Serum concentrations and renal expressions of IL-1 and TNF-a early after hemorrhage in rats under the effect of glibenclamide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate changes in the serum concentration and renal expression of IL-1 and TNF-α cytokines in rats that received sevoflurane and glibenclamide prior to hemorrhage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of sevoflurane-anesthetized Wistar rats (n=10): G1 (control) and G2 (glibenclamide, 1 µg/g i.v.); hemorrhage of 30% blood volume (10% every 10 min), with replacement using Ringer solution, 5 ml/kg/h. Serum concentrations of IL-1 and TNF-α were studied in the first hemorrhage (T1) and 50 min later (T2), renal expression, at T2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In serum, G1 TNF-α (pg/mL) was T1=178.6±33.5, T2=509.2±118.8 (p<0.05); IL-1 (pg/mL) was T1=148.8±31.3, T2=322.6±115.4 (p<0.05); in G2, TNF-α was T1=486.2±83.6, T2=261.8±79.5 (p<0.05); IL-1 was T1=347.0±72.0, T2= 327.3±90.9 (p>0.05). The expression of TNF-α and IL-1 in the glomerular and tubular cells was significantly higher in the G2 group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hemorrhage and glibenclamide elevated TNF-α and IL-1 concentrations in serum and kidneys. High levels of TNF-α already present before the hemorrhage in the glibenclamide group may have attenuated the damages found in the kidneys after the ischemia event.
authors.affiliation: MSc, Postgraduate Program in Anesthesiology, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu-SP, Brazil. Conception, design, intellectual and scientific content of the study.
authors.forename: Christiane D'Oliveira
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.affiliation: PhD, Postgraduate Program in Anesthesiology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, Botucatu-SP, Brazil. Conception, design, intellectual and scientific content of the study.
authors.forename: Luis Antonio Dos Santos
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Diego
authors.affiliation: PhD, Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, Botucatu-SP, Brazil. Acquisition and interpretation of immunohistochemical data.
authors.forename: Jussara
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marcondes-Machado
authors.affiliation: PhD, Department of Pathology, Botucatu Veterinary and Animal Science School, UNESP, Botucatu-SP, Brazil. Acquisition of data, histological examinations.
authors.forename: Renée Lauffer
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Amorim
authors.affiliation: PhD, Department of Biostatistics, Bioscience Institute, UNESP, Botucatu-SP, Brazil. Acquisition of data, statistical analysis.
authors.forename: Lídia Raquel
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Full Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, Botucatu-SP, Brazil. Critical revision.
authors.forename: Norma Sueli Pinheiro
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Módolo
authors.affiliation: PhD, Department of Anesthesiology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, Botucatu-SP, Brazil. Critical revision.
authors.forename: Leandro Gobbo
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Braz
authors.affiliation: Full Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, Botucatu-SP, Brazil. Manuscript writing, supervised all phases of the study.
authors.forename: Yara Marcondes Machado
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Castiglia
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D054086:KATP Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000008:administration & dosage; D023421:Models, Animal; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007375:Interleukin-1; D054086:KATP Channels; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D005905:Glyburide