title: High-EPA Biomass from Nannochloropsis salina Cultivated in a Flat-Panel Photo-Bioreactor on a Process Water-Enriched Growth Medium.
abstract: Nannochloropsis salina was grown on a mixture of standard growth media and pre-gasified industrial process water representing effluent from a local biogas plant. The study aimed to investigate the effects of enriched growth media and cultivation time on nutritional composition of Nannochloropsis salina biomass, with a focus on eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Variations in fatty acid composition, lipids, protein, amino acids, tocopherols and pigments were studied and results compared to algae cultivated on F/2 media as reference. Mixed growth media and process water enhanced the nutritional quality of Nannochloropsis salina in laboratory scale when compared to algae cultivated in standard F/2 medium. Data from laboratory scale translated to the large scale using a 4000 L flat panel photo-bioreactor system. The algae growth rate in winter conditions in Denmark was slow, but results revealed that large-scale cultivation of Nannochloropsis salina at these conditions could improve the nutritional properties such as EPA, tocopherol, protein and carotenoids compared to laboratory-scale cultivated microalgae. EPA reached 44.2% ± 2.30% of total fatty acids, and α-tocopherol reached 431 ± 28 µg/g of biomass dry weight after 21 days of cultivation. Variations in chemical compositions of Nannochloropsis salina were studied during the course of cultivation. Nannochloropsis salina can be presented as a good candidate for winter time cultivation in Denmark. The resulting biomass is a rich source of EPA and also a good source of protein (amino acids), tocopherols and carotenoids for potential use in aquaculture feed industry.
authors.affiliation: Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute (DTU Food), S&#248;ltofts Plads, Building 221, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark. hasaf@food.dtu.dk.
authors.forename: Hamed
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Safafar
authors.affiliation: Kalundborg Municipality, Department Development, Torvet 3A, Kalundborg 4400, Denmark. michaelzhass@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Michael Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Hass
authors.affiliation: Kalundborg Municipality, Department Development, Torvet 3A, Kalundborg 4400, Denmark. Per.Moller@kalundborg.dk.
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Møller
authors.affiliation: Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute (DTU Food), S&#248;ltofts Plads, Building 221, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark. suho@food.dtu.dk.
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Holdt
authors.affiliation: Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute (DTU Food), S&#248;ltofts Plads, Building 221, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark. chja@food.dtu.dk.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D017756:Aquaculture / Q000295:instrumentation*; D061249:Batch Cell Culture Techniques; D056804:Biofuels; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000191:economics*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D008027:Light; D058086:Microalgae / Q000737:chemistry*; D058009:Stramenopiles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D003470:Culture Media; D014867:Water; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol
keywords: EPA; Nannochloropsis salina; amino acid; carotenoids; flat panel photo-bioreactor; industrial process water; large scale; microalgae; tocopherol