title: Exploring the potential of fungi isolated from PAH-polluted soil as a source of xenobiotics-degrading fungi.
abstract: The aim of this study was to find polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading fungi adapted to polluted environments for further application in bioremediation processes. In this study, a total of 23 fungal species were isolated from a historically pyrogenic PAH-polluted soil in Spain and taxonomically identified. The dominant groups in these samples were the ones associated with fungi belonging to the Ascomycota phylum and two isolates belonging to the Mucoromycotina subphylum and Basiodiomycota phylum. We tested their ability to convert the three-ring PAH anthracene in a 42-day time course and analysed their ability to secrete extracellular oxidoreductase enzymes. Among the 23 fungal species screened, 12 were able to oxidize anthracene, leading to the formation of 9,10-anthraquinone as the main metabolite, a less toxic one than the parent compound. The complete removal of anthracene was achieved by three fungal species. In the case of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, extracellular enzyme independent degradation of the initial 100 μM anthracene occurred, whilst in the case of the ligninolytic fungus Fomes (Basidiomycota), the same result was obtained with extracellular enzyme-dependent transformation. The yield of accumulated 9,10-anthraquinone was 80 and 91 %, respectively, and Fomes sp. could slowly deplete it from the growth medium when offered alone. These results are indicative for the effectiveness of these fungi for pollutant removal. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Godoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Rocío
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reina
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calderón
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Regina-Michaela
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Wittich
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: García-Romera
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain. earanda@ugr.es.|Department of Microbiology, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Calle Ramón y Cajal 4, E-18071, Granada, Spain. earanda@ugr.es.
authors.forename: Elisabet
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5915-2445
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aranda
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D005658:Fungi / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000378:metabolism*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D013030:Spain; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D015262:Xenobiotics
keywords: Anthracene; Ascomycota; Biodegradation; Filamentous fungi; Polluted soil; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)