title: Analysis of nerve agent metabolites from nail clippings by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: While several methods for the bioanalysis of nerve agents or their metabolites have been developed for the verification of nerve agent exposure, these methods are generally limited in the amount of time after an exposure that markers of exposure can be detected (due to rapid metabolism from biological matrices). In this study, a method for the analysis of nerve agent hydrolysis products from nail clippings was developed to allow evaluation of nails as a long-term repository of these markers. Pinacolyl methylphosphonic acid (PMPA) and isopropyl methylphosphonic acid (IMPA) were extracted from nail samples with N,N-dimethylformamide and subsequently analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Limits of detection for PMPA and IMPA were 0.3μg/kg and 7.5μg/kg and linear ranges were 0.75-300μg/kg and 30-1500μg/kg, respectively. Precision was within 10% and 8% for PMPA and IMPA, respectively, and accuracy was 100±12% for both analytes. The approach presented here is complementary to current methods for nerve agent exposure verification, and should allow for long-term determination of nerve agent poisoning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Avera Health and Science, Box 2202, Brookings, SD 57007, United States.
authors.forename: Amanda S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Appel
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Avera Health and Science, Box 2202, Brookings, SD 57007, United States. Electronic address: brian.logue@sdstate.edu.
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Logue
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D009262:Nails / Q000378:metabolism*; D000067397:Nerve Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000067397:Nerve Agents
keywords: Isopropyl methylphosphonic acid; Liquid-chromatography mass-spectrometry; Long-term chemical warfare agent biomarker; Nerve agent exposure; Pinacolyl methylphosphonic acid; Sarin; Soman