title: A robust adaptive load frequency control for micro-grids.
abstract: The goal of this study is to introduce a novel robust load frequency control (LFC) strategy for micro-grid(s) (MG(s)) in islanded mode operation. Admittedly, power generators in MG(s) cannot supply steady electric power output and sometimes cause unbalance between supply and demand. Battery energy storage system (BESS) is one of the effective solutions to these problems. Due to the high cost of the BESS, a new idea of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) is that a battery of Electric-Vehicle (EV) can be applied as a tantamount large-scale BESS in MG(s). As a result, a new robust control strategy for an islanded micro-grid (MG) is introduced that can consider electric vehicles׳ (EV(s)) effect. Moreover, in this paper, a new combination of the General Type II Fuzzy Logic Sets (GT2FLS) and the Modified Harmony Search Algorithm (MHSA) technique is applied for adaptive tuning of proportional-integral (PI) controller. Implementing General Type II Fuzzy Systems is computationally expensive. However, using a recently introduced α-plane representation, GT2FLS can be seen as a composition of several Interval Type II Fuzzy Logic Systems (IT2FLS) with a corresponding level of α for each. Real-data from an offshore wind farm in Sweden and solar radiation data in Aberdeen (United Kingdom) was used in order to examine the performance of the proposed novel controller. A comparison is made between the achieved results of Optimal Fuzzy-PI (OFPI) controller and those of Optimal Interval Type II Fuzzy-PI (IT2FPI) controller, which are of most recent advances in the area at hand. The Simulation results prove the successfulness and effectiveness of the proposed controller.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg DK-9220, Denmark. Electronic address: mhk@et.aau.dk.
authors.forename: Mohammad-Hassan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Khooban
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Taher
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Niknam
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg DK-9220, Denmark.
authors.forename: Frede
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blaabjerg
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg DK-9220, Denmark.
authors.forename: Pooya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Davari
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg DK-9220, Denmark.
authors.forename: Tomislav
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dragicevic
keywords: Adaptive PI control; General Type II Fuzzy Logic; Load frequency control (LFC); Micro-grids; Modified Harmony Search Algorithm (MHSA)