title: Arthroscopic Management of the Stiff Shoulder.
abstract: Shoulder stiffness affects a diverse population of patients suffering a decrease in function and shoulder pain. Arthroscopic management of this debilitating spectrum of pathology is a safe and effective course of action in cases recalcitrant to nonoperative therapy. Arthroscopic management of the stiff shoulder has been reported to be effective in the treatment of stiffness due to adhesive capsulitis, birth palsy, stiffness in the setting of rotator cuff tears, and osteoarthritis in the posttraumatic patient, in the postoperative patient, and in the throwing athlete. Arthroscopic management is most effective in treating the stiff shoulder in the setting of adhesive capsulitis recalcitrant to nonoperative therapy or posttraumatic stiffness. Results are more guarded in the treatment of postoperative stiffness. Excessive force and trauma to the shoulder, including fracture of the humerus, can be avoided with a 360[degrees] capsular release for shoulder stiffness rather than manipulation under anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Vasili
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Karas
authors.forename: Jonathan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Riboh
authors.forename: Grant E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Garrigues
mesh_terms: D001182:Arthroscopy; D002062:Bursitis / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D000070636:Rotator Cuff Injuries; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000473:pathology*