title: Open-Source Automated Parahydrogen Hyperpolarizer for Molecular Imaging Using (13)C Metabolic Contrast Agents.
abstract: An open-source hyperpolarizer producing (13)C hyperpolarized contrast agents using parahydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) for biomedical and other applications is presented. This PHIP hyperpolarizer utilizes an Arduino microcontroller in conjunction with a readily modified graphical user interface written in the open-source processing software environment to completely control the PHIP hyperpolarization process including remotely triggering an NMR spectrometer for efficient production of payloads of hyperpolarized contrast agent and in situ quality assurance of the produced hyperpolarization. Key advantages of this hyperpolarizer include: (i) use of open-source software and hardware seamlessly allowing for replication and further improvement as well as readily customizable integration with other NMR spectrometers or MRI scanners (i.e., this is a multiplatform design), (ii) relatively low cost and robustness, and (iii) in situ detection capability and complete automation. The device performance is demonstrated by production of a dose (∼2-3 mL) of hyperpolarized (13)C-succinate with %P13C ∼ 28% and 30 mM concentration and (13)C-phospholactate at %P13C ∼ 15% and 25 mM concentration in aqueous medium. These contrast agents are used for ultrafast molecular imaging and spectroscopy at 4.7 and 0.0475 T. In particular, the conversion of hyperpolarized (13)C-phospholactate to (13)C-lactate in vivo is used here to demonstrate the feasibility of ultrafast multislice (13)C MRI after tail vein injection of hyperpolarized (13)C-phospholactate in mice.
authors.forename: Aaron M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Coffey
authors.forename: Roman V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Shchepin
authors.forename: Milton L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Truong
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wilkens
authors.forename: Wellington
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.affiliation: Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
authors.forename: Eduard Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Chekmenev
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001331:Automation; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000737:chemistry; D002384:Catalysis; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D012984:Software; D013386:Succinates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D003287:Contrast Media; D013386:Succinates; D014867:Water; D019344:Lactic Acid; D006859:Hydrogen; C000615229:Carbon-13