title: Medication Treatment Efficacy and Chronic Orofacial Pain.
abstract: Chronic pain in the orofacial region has always been a vexing problem for dentists to diagnose and treat effectively. For trigeminal neuropathic pain, there are 3 medications (gabapentinoids, tricyclic antidepressants, and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors) to use plus topical anesthetics that have therapeutic efficacy. For chronic daily headaches (often migraine in origin), 3 prophylactic medications have reasonable therapeutic efficacy (β-blockers, tricyclic antidepressants, and antiepileptic drugs). The 3 Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs for fibromyalgia (pregabalin, duloxetine, and milnacipran) are not robust, with poor efficacy. For osteroarthritis, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have therapeutic efficacy and when gastritis contraindicates them, corticosteriod injections are helpful.
authors.affiliation: Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 925 West 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. Electronic address: gtc@usc.edu.
authors.forename: Glenn T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 925 West 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
authors.forename: Mariela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Padilla
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Brody School of Medicine, 6S19 Brody Medical Science Building, 600 Moye Boulevard, East Carolina University, Schools of Medicine and Dental Medicine, Greenville, NC 27834-4354, USA.
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dionne
mesh_terms: D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement
keywords: Chronic daily headaches; Medication efficacy; Myofascial pain; Temporomandibular osteoarthritis; Trigeminal neuropathic pain