title: Peripheral blood flow changes in response to postexercise cold water immersion.
abstract: This study compared the effect of postexercise water immersion (WI) at different temperatures on common femoral artery blood flow (CFA), muscle (total haemoglobin; tHb) and skin perfusion (cutaneous vascular conductance; CVC), assessed by Doppler ultrasound, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and laser Doppler flowmetry, respectively. Given that heat stress may influence the vascular response during cooling, nine men cycled for 25 min at the first ventilatory threshold followed by intermittent 30-s cycling at 90% peak power until exhaustion at 32·8 ± 0·4°C and 32 ± 5% RH. They then received 5-min WI at 8·6 ± 0·2°C (WI9), 14·6 ± 0·3°C (WI15), 35·0 ± 0·4°C (WI35) or passive rest (CON) in a randomized, crossover manner. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), muscle (Tmu), thigh skin (Tthigh), rectal (Tre) and mean body (Tbody) temperatures were assessed. At 60 min postimmersion, decreases in Treafter WI35(-0·6 ± 0·3°C) and CON (-0·6 ± 0·3°C) were different from WI15(-1·0 ± 0·3°C; P<0·05), but not from WI9(-1·0 ± 0·3°C; P = 0·074-0·092). WI9and WI15had reduced Tbody, Tthighand Tmucompared with WI35and CON (P <0·05). CFA, tHb and CVC were lower in WI9and WI15compared with CON (P<0·05). tHb following WI9remained lower than CON (P = 0·044) at 30 min postimmersion. CVC correlated with tHb during non-cooling (WI35and CON) (r2= 0·532; P<0·001) and cooling recovery (WI9and WI15) (r2= 0·19; P = 0·035). WI9resulted in prolonged reduction in muscle perfusion. This suggests that CWI below 10°C should not be used for short-term (i.e. <60 min) recovery after exercise.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: Hui C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Choo
authors.affiliation: Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nosaka
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: Jeremiah J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Peiffer
authors.affiliation: Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.|Sports Physiology Department, Singapore Sports Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ihsan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: Chow C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.affiliation: Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: Chris R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Abbiss
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D062186:Arterial Pressure; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D003080:Cold Temperature; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007101:Immersion; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014867:Water
keywords: Doppler ultrasound; cooling; laser doppler; near-infrared spectroscopy; recovery