title: The Effect of Antiplatelet Agents on Bleeding-Related Complications After Ureteroscopy.
abstract: The American Urological Association (AUA) guidelines state that continuing anticoagulation and antiplatelet agents in routine ureteroscopy (URS) is safe and without increased risk of complications. However, these recommendations are based on small case series; thus, we sought to analyze bleeding-related complications among patients on antiplatelet therapy (APT).
  
  
  
  Overall, 4799 URS procedures performed at our institution between June 2009 and February 2016 were identified. Records were then retrospectively reviewed to confirm APT use and to identify periprocedural complications. Antiplatelet agents evaluated included aspirin (low dose and full dose) and P2Y12 receptor antagonists (clopidogrel, prasugugrel, ticagrelor). Patients were excluded if they were taking a concurrent anticoagulant agent or if additional non-URS procedures were performed.
  
  
  
  Of 4799 URS procedures, 314 (6.5%) were performed on patients taking APT, of which 234 (74.5%) held APT, 63 (20.1%) continued APT, and 17 (5.4%) continued dual APT. The mean age was 70.1 years, and the majority of patients (69.6%) underwent a stone procedure with a stone-free rate of 80.2%. The overall bleeding-related complication rate was 1.9%, whereas the significant bleeding-related event rate was 1.6% and this did not differ among the groups (p = 0.3). The power to detect a 3% difference in bleeding between the groups was 0.95.
  
  
  
  Continuing APT in patients on chronic therapy does not appear to pose an increased risk of bleeding-related complications. Our findings support the current AUA guidelines as they relate to APT.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Westerman
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Vidit
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scales
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Derek J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Gearman
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Johann P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ingimarsson
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota.|2 IU Health Physicians, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Amy E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Krambeck
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects*; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D000068799:Prasugrel Hydrochloride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058921:Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D000077486:Ticagrelor; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D058921:Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D000068799:Prasugrel Hydrochloride; D000077486:Ticagrelor; D000241:Adenosine; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin
keywords: laser; renal stone; ureteroscopy; urolithiasis; uteroscopy instrumentation