title: Spiritual Factors Predict State and Trait Anxiety.
abstract: This research study was designed to examine the effect of spiritual well-being and spirituality on state and trait anxiety. Two hundred and thirty-eight adults in the USA were surveyed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Duke University Religion Index, Spiritual Well-Being Scale, and Participant Questionnaire. Results indicate that spiritual well-being can predict 39.1 % of an adult's state anxiety and 37.9 % of trait anxiety. Furthermore, frequency of religious attendance, frequency of private religious activity, and intrinsic religiosity can predict 6.2 % of an adult's state anxiety and 8.6 % of trait anxiety. Recommendations for researchers and implications for clinicians are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Alliance Graduate School of Counseling, Nyack College, Nyack, NY, 10960, USA. lisa.steiner@nyack.edu.
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.affiliation: Alliance Graduate School of Counseling, Nyack College, Nyack, NY, 10960, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zaske
authors.affiliation: Alliance Graduate School of Counseling, Nyack College, Nyack, NY, 10960, USA.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.affiliation: Alliance Graduate School of Counseling, Nyack College, Nyack, NY, 10960, USA.
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Molloy
authors.affiliation: Alliance Graduate School of Counseling, Nyack College, Nyack, NY, 10960, USA.
authors.forename: Rosana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arteta
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D029181:Spirituality; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adults; Anxiety; Spiritual well-being; Spirituality; State anxiety; Trait anxiety