title: Physicochemical properties and combustion behavior of duckweed during wet torrefaction.
abstract: Wet torrefaction of duckweed was carried out in the temperature range of 130-250°C to evaluate the effects on physicochemical properties and combustion behavior. The physicochemical properties of duckweed samples were investigated by ultimate analysis, proximate analysis, FTIR, XRD and SEM techniques. It was found that wet torrefaction improved the fuel characteristics of duckweed samples resulting from the increase in fixed carbon content, HHVs and the decrease in nitrogen and sulfur content and atomic ratios of O/C and H/C. It can be seen from the results of FTIR, XRD and SEM analyses that the dehydration, decarboxylation, solid-solid conversion, and condensation polymerization reactions were underwent during wet torrefaction. In addition, the results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in air indicated that wet torrefaction resulted in significant changes on combustion behavior and combustion kinetics parameters. Duckweed samples after wet torrefaction behaved more char-like and gave better combustion characteristics than raw sample.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
authors.forename: Shuping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
authors.forename: Wan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Science & Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China. Electronic address: yqxiong@seu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yuanquan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiong
mesh_terms: D031058:Arum / Q000737:chemistry*; D018533:Biomass; D007700:Kinetics
keywords: Combustion behavior; Duckweed; Fuel characteristics; Wet torrefaction