title: Monocyte Heterogeneity: Consequences for Monocyte-Derived Immune Cells.
abstract: Blood monocytes are precursors of dendritic cells, macrophages, and osteoclasts. They are a heterogeneous cell population with differences in size, phenotype, and function. Although monocytes maintain several tissue-specific populations of immune cells in homeostasis, their contribution to populations of dendritic cells, macrophages, and osteoclasts is significantly increased in inflammation. Identification of a growing number of functionally different subsets of cells within populations of monocyte-derived immune cells has recently put monocyte heterogeneity into sharp focus. Here, we summarize recent findings in monocyte heterogeneity and their differentiation into dendritic cells, macrophages, and osteoclasts. We also discuss these advances in the context of the formation of functionally different monocyte-derived subsets of dendritic cells, macrophages, and osteoclasts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2398-4404
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sprangers
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Teun J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Everts
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype