title: Voiding dysfunction in patients with nasal congestion treated with pseudoephedrine: a prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pseudoephedrine is a sympathomimetic drug widely used as a nasal decongestant. However, it can cause adverse effects, such as voiding dysfunction. The risk of voiding dysfunction remains uncertain in patients without subjective voiding problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively enrolled patients with nasal congestion who required treatment with pseudoephedrine from May to August 2015. All patients denied concomitant subjective voiding problem. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire was used to evaluate voiding function before and 1 week after the pseudoephedrine treatment. The results of the IPSS questionnaire were analyzed as the total (IPSS-T), voiding (IPSS-V), storage (IPSS-S), and quality of life due to urinary symptom scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We enrolled 131 males with a mean age of 42.0±14.3 years. The IPSS-T, IPSS-V, and IPSS-S scores slightly increased after the medication (IPSS-T increased from 6.49 to 6.77, IPSS-V from 3.33 to 3.53, and IPSS-S from 3.17 to 3.24). The quality of life due to urinary symptom score nonsignificantly decreased from 2.02 to 1.87. We observed that older age and a higher premedication IPSS-V score yielded significant differences (P<0.05) for subclinical voiding dysfunction and unchanged voiding function. In patients aged ≥50 years, the IPSS-T, IPSS-V, and IPSS-S scores significantly increased after the pseudoephedrine treatment (IPSS-T increased from 9.95 to 11.45, IPSS-V from 5.38 to 6.07, and IPSS-S 4.57 to 5.38), whereas the quality of life due to urinary symptom score nonsignificantly decreased from 2.71 to 2.48 (P=0.057). In patients aged <50 years, all scores did not significantly differ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pseudoephedrine treatment for nasal congestion requires extra precautions in males >50 years, even without subjective voiding symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan County.
authors.forename: I-Hung
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University.
authors.forename: Chia-Chen
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Biostatistical Center for Clinical Research, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City.
authors.forename: Hsiao-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University.
authors.forename: Ta-Jen
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City.
authors.forename: Yu-Hsiang
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan County, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yuan-Yun
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Tam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014663:Nasal Decongestants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies; D054199:Pseudoephedrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014663:Nasal Decongestants; D054199:Pseudoephedrine
keywords: IPSS; nasal congestion; pseudoephedrine; voiding dysfunction