title: Impact of oxidative and osmotic stresses on Candida albicans biofilm formation.
abstract: Candida albicans possesses an ability to grow under different host-driven stress conditions by developing robust protective mechanisms. In this investigation the focus was on the impact of osmotic (2M NaCl) and oxidative (5 mM H2O2) stress conditions during C. albicans biofilm formation. Oxidative stress enhanced extracellular DNA secretion into the biofilm matrix, increased the chitin level, and reduced virulence factors, namely phospholipase and proteinase activity, while osmotic stress mainly increased extracellular proteinase and decreased phospholipase activity. Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis of mannan isolated from the C. albicans biofilm cell wall revealed a decrease in mannan content and reduced β-linked mannose moieties under stress conditions. The results demonstrate that C. albicans adapts to oxidative and osmotic stress conditions by inducing biofilm formation with a rich exopolymeric matrix, modulating virulence factors as well as the cell wall composition for its survival in different host niches.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee , Uttarakhand , India.
authors.forename: Suma C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Pemmaraju
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee , Uttarakhand , India.
authors.forename: Kumar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Padmapriya
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee , Uttarakhand , India.
authors.forename: Parul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Pruthi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee , Uttarakhand , India.
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pruthi
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050296:Microbial Viability; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014774:Virulence / Q000187:drug effects; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D037521:Virulence Factors; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
keywords: Candida albicans; biofilm; eDNA; osmotic stress; oxidative stress