title: Responsible, Inclusive Innovation and the Nano-Divide.
abstract: Policy makers from around the world are trying to emulate successful innovation systems in order to support economic growth. At the same time, innovation governance systems are being put in place to ensure a better integration of stakeholder views into the research and development process. In Europe, one of the most prominent and newly emerging governance frameworks is called Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI). This article aims to substantiate the following points: (1) The concept of RRI and the concept of justice can be used to derive similar ethical positions on the nano-divide. (2) Given the ambitious policy aims of RRI (e.g. economic competitiveness enhancer), the concept may be better suited to push for ethical outcomes on access to nanotechnology and its products rather than debates based on justice issues alone. It may thus serve as a mediator concept between those who push solely for competitiveness considerations and those who push solely for justice considerations in nano-technology debates. (3) The descriptive, non-normative Systems of Innovation approaches (see below) should be linked into RRI debates to provide more evidence on whether the approach advocated to achieve responsible and ethical governance of research and innovation (R&I) can indeed deliver on competitiveness (in nano-technology and other fields).
authors.affiliation: Centre for Professional Ethics, UCLAN College of Health, Brook 424, Preston, PR1 2HE England ; Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics (CAPPE), CSU, Canberra, Australia.
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.affiliation: University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia.
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dalton-Brown
authors.affiliation: EA European Academy of Technology and Innovation Assessment GmbH, Wilhelmstraße 56, 53474 Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler, Germany.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schrempf
authors.affiliation: The School of Economics, New Building, Middle Campus, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701 South Africa.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaplan
keywords: Inclusive innovation; Innovation governance systems; Nano-divide; Responsible research and innovation; Systems of innovation approaches