title: Divergence of helper, cytotoxic, and regulatory T cells in the decidua from miscarriage.
abstract: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate phenotypic differences of helper T (Th), cytotoxic T (Tc), and regulatory T (Treg) cells in the deciduae of missed miscarriage with a normal chromosome karyotype of a fetus (MN) and missed miscarriage with an abnormal chromosome karyotype of a fetus (MA).
  
  
  
  The decidua of 19 MN and 28 MA was obtained. Additionally, the decidua of 15 induced abortion (IA) and the endometrium of 19 non-pregnant women (EM) were obtained. IFN-γ(+) , IL-17(+) , CD25(high) Foxp3(+) cells in CD4(+) (Th) cells, and IFN-γ(+) cells in CD8(+) (Tc) cells were evaluated by flow cytometry.
  
  
  
  The percentages of IFN-γ(+) Tc and CD4(+) CD25(high) Foxp3(+) (Treg) cells in MN were significantly increased as compared with MA and IA. The percentage of IFN-γ(+) Th in MN was increased as compared with IA.
  
  
  
  Activation of IFN-γ(+) Tc and Treg cells in the decidua might be associated with the pathophysiology underlying MN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ebina
authors.affiliation: Mommy's Clinic Chitose, Chitose, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maesawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA.
authors.forename: Norifumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iijima
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D059786:Abnormal Karyotype; D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003656:Decidua / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
keywords: cytotoxic T cells; helper T cells; miscarriage; pregnancy; regulatory T cells