title: Aging of the endocrine system and its potential impact on sarcopenia.
abstract: Sarcopenia, occurring as a primary consequence of aging, is a progressive generalized decline of skeletal muscle mass, strength and function. The pathophysiology of sarcopenia is complex and multifactorial. One major cause of muscle mass and strength loss with aging appears to be the alteration in hormonal networks involved in the inflammatory processes, muscle regeneration and protein synthesis. This review describes the recent findings concerning the role of the aging on the endocrine system in the development of sarcopenia. We also report the benefits and safety of hormone replacement therapy in elderly subjects and discuss future perspectives in the therapy and prevention of skeletal muscle aging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cusano Milanino (MI), Italy. Electronic address: giovanni.vitale@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vitale
authors.affiliation: Gérontopôle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; INSERM UMR1027, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cesari
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mari
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004703:Endocrine System; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013739:Testosterone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; D013739:Testosterone; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone
keywords: Aging; Hormones; IGF-I; Sarcopenia; Testosterone; Vitamin D