title: Bifurcated Superficial Temporal Artery Island Flap for the Reconstruction of a Periorbital Burn: An Innovation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Facial burns represent between one-fourth and one-third of all burns. The long-term sequelae of periorbital burns include significant ectropion and lagophthalmos as a result of secondary burn contractures in the lower and upper eyelids, in addition to complete or incomplete alopecia of the eyebrows.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study of 14 reconstructive procedures for 12 postburn faces was conducted with all procedures performed since 2010 at the Department of Plastic Surgery, Al-Hussein University Hospital, and at the Craniofacial Unit, Nasser Institute Hospital. Four patients experienced chemical burns, and 8 patients experienced thermal burns. All patients underwent periorbital reconstruction using a bifurcated superficial temporal artery island flap to reconstruct the eyebrows, correct the lagophthalmos, and release the ectropion in both the upper and the lower eyelids. Two patients underwent bilateral periorbital flap reconstruction. The mean age of patients was 29 years, and the study was conducted on 8 males and 4 females. Patient satisfaction was assessed using a questionnaire completed by all patients postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The complete release of both the upper and the lower eyelids was achieved in all cases, together with ideal replacement of brow hair; no complications were noted, apart from one case in which a loss of hair density in the new eyebrow was observed, combined with the partial loss of the flap in the lower eyelid. Patient satisfaction results were collected and assembled in a table.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A bifurcated superficial temporal artery island flap is an innovative flap for reconstructing both burned eyebrows and eyelids.
authors.affiliation: Plastic and Burn Surgery Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; and Craniofacial Unit, Nasser Institute Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Tarek M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Elbanoby
authors.affiliation: Plastic and Burn Surgery Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; and Craniofacial Unit, Nasser Institute Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Amr
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elbatawy
authors.affiliation: Plastic and Burn Surgery Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; and Craniofacial Unit, Nasser Institute Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Gaber M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Aly
authors.affiliation: Plastic and Burn Surgery Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; and Craniofacial Unit, Nasser Institute Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Wael
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ayad
authors.affiliation: Plastic and Burn Surgery Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; and Craniofacial Unit, Nasser Institute Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Yasser
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Helmy
authors.affiliation: Plastic and Burn Surgery Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; and Craniofacial Unit, Nasser Institute Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Emad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Helmy
authors.affiliation: Plastic and Burn Surgery Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; and Craniofacial Unit, Nasser Institute Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Khallad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sholkamy
authors.affiliation: Plastic and Burn Surgery Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; and Craniofacial Unit, Nasser Institute Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hazem
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dahshan
authors.affiliation: Plastic and Burn Surgery Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; and Craniofacial Unit, Nasser Institute Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Abdallah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Hady