title: Dual-modulation, dual-wavelength, optical polarimetry system for glucose monitoring.
abstract: A dual modulation optical polarimetry system utilizing both laser intensity and polarization modulation was designed, built, and tested. The system was designed to reduce complexity and enhance the speed in order to facilitate the reduction of motion-induced time-varying birefringence, which is one of the major limitations to the realization of polarimetry for glucose monitoring in the eye. The high-speed less complex technique was tested using in vitro phantom studies with and without motion artifact introduced. The glucose concentration ranged from 0 to 600  mg/dl and the glucose measurements demonstrated a standard error of prediction to within 8.1  mg/dl without motion and to within 13.9  mg/dl with motion. Our feedback control systems took less than 10 ms to reach stabilization, which is adequately fast to eliminate the effect of time-varying birefringence. The results indicate that this new optical polarimetric approach has improved the speed and reduced the complexity, showing the potential for it to be used for noninvasive glucose measurements.
authors.affiliation: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, School of Optoelectronic Information, No. 4, Section 2, North Jianshe Road, Chengdu 610054, ChinabTexas A&M University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 5045 Emerging Technologies, Building 31.
authors.forename: Zhen Fang
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Texas A&M University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 5045 Emerging Technologies, Building 3120 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-3120, United StatescWright-Patterson Air Force Base, 711th Human Performance Wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wa.
authors.forename: Casey W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Pirnstill
authors.affiliation: Texas A&M University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 5045 Emerging Technologies, Building 3120 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-3120, United StatesdTexas A&M University Experiment Station, Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, MS3120.
authors.forename: Gerard L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Coté
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001718:Birefringence; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003315:Cornea / Q000737:chemistry*; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013057:Spectrum Analysis
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose