title: Perspectives for immunotherapy in endocrine cancer.
abstract: The fight against cancer has seen major breakthroughs in recent years. More than a decade ago, tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting constitutively activated signaling cascades within the tumor inaugurated a new era of oncological therapy. Recently, immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors has started to revolutionize the treatment of several malignancies, most notably malignant melanoma, leading to the renaissance and the long-awaited breakthrough of immunooncology. This review provides an overview of the basis of immunotherapy from its initial concepts of anti-tumor immunity and cell-based therapy to the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors and discusses published studies and the perspectives of immunooncology for the treatment of endocrine malignancies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany Endocrine Tumour Center at West German Cancer Center (WTZ)Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Latteyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany Endocrine Tumour Center at West German Cancer Center (WTZ)Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tiedje
authors.affiliation: Department of DermatologyVenereology and Allergology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schilling
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany Endocrine Tumour Center at West German Cancer Center (WTZ)Essen, Germany Dagmar.fuehrer@uk-essen.de.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Führer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D004701:Endocrine Gland Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D000096142:Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors
keywords: anti-CTLA-4; anti-PD-1; endocrine and neuroendocrine cancer; immune checkpoint blockade; immunooncology; tumor microenvironment