title: Abbreviated Steady State Intervals for Measuring Resting Energy Expenditure in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis.
abstract: Indirect calorimetry requires a steady state (SS) protocol to determine measured resting energy expenditure (mREE). Achieving stringent criteria for an SS interval may be difficult for patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), as they may become uncomfortable because of the test itself or their health status. The study aim was to explore if a shortened SS interval was within acceptable limits for bias and precision.
  
  
  
  For this cross-sectional secondary analysis, adults (N = 125) who received MHD thrice weekly were enrolled. The indirect calorimetry test was performed for a length of total time ≤30 consecutive minutes. SS was evaluated in accordance with intervals of 10, 5, 4, 3, and 2 minutes. The mREE at the 10-minute SS was compared with the mREE at 5, 4, 3, and 2 minutes, via t tests and Bland-Altman analysis, to determine degree of bias and level of agreement. The a priori alpha level was set at ≤0.5.
  
  
  
  The sample was primarily male, African American, and non-Hispanic, with a mean ± SD age of 55.4 ± 12.2 years, who reported being on MHD for an average of 62.4 ± 74.3 months. None of the mREE measures were significantly different from that of the 10-minute SS interval. Seventy-two percent of the participants were able to achieve SS at the 10-minute interval, 83.2% at 5 minutes, 87.2% at 4 minutes, and 89.6% for both 3 and 2 minutes.
  
  
  
  For patients on MHD, an abbreviated SS interval of <10 minutes (eg, 5 minutes) yielded valid mREE measurements.
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Health Professions, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Olejnik
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Health Professions, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Emily N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Health Professions, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: J Scott
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Parrott
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Health Professions, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Marcus
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Health Professions, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Brody
authors.affiliation: 2 School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Rosa K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Hand
authors.affiliation: 2 School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Justin J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Fiutem
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Health Professions, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Laura D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Byham-Gray
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001481:Basal Metabolism; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002138:Calibration; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017097:Electric Impedance; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis
keywords: adult; calorimetry; life cycle; nutrition; nutrition assessment; renal disease; research and diseases