title: In vitro and in vivo Evaluation of New Topical Anaesthetic Cream Formulated with Palm Oil Base.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Topical local anaesthetic cream was reported to be useful for pain relief for cutaneous procedures such as minor surgery and venipuncture.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of new formulation of lidocaine topical anaesthetic using palm oil base, HAMIN® and to determine how fast this new formulation produces adequate numbness compared to the currently used EMLA cream, in the University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) set-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  The skin permeation test was conducted by using Franz type diffusion cell and pain assessment was carried out in healthy subject by using Verbal Rating Score (VRS) and Visual Analogue Score (VAS) evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Result of permeation test demonstrated that the cumulative amount of lidocaine released from HAMIN® cream was increased with time and slightly higher than EMLA cream. The clinical study showed that HAMIN® single lidocaine cream can produces numbness through venepuncture procedure and comparable with EMLA cream which is a combination therapy for local anaesthetic (lidocaine and prilocaine).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be concluded that HAMIN® Lidocaine cream is suitable for cream preparation especially for topical application and it can be regarded as an achievement in palm oil and medical industries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: S N Khamdiah
authors.initials: SNK
authors.lastname: Khodari
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohamed Ibrahim
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Noordin
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zamri
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chik
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D000073878:Palm Oil; D011318:Prilocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D063465:Skin Cream
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D011318:Prilocaine; D000073878:Palm Oil; D008012:Lidocaine
keywords: EMLA; Franz diffusion test; HAMIN® base; lidocaine; pain assessment; self emulsifying base; topical anaesthetic
  cream