title: Early silicification of leaves and roots of seedlings of a panicoid grass grown under different conditions: anatomical relations and structural role.
abstract: Grasses accumulate high amounts of silica deposits in tissues of all their organs, especially at mature stage. However, when and under which conditions do grass seedlings begin to produce these silica deposits and their relation with anatomy and development is little known. Here we investigated the silicification process in the first leaves and roots of seedlings of Bothriochloa laguroides grown in different substrate and Si treatments. The distribution and content of silica deposits in the organs of the seedlings grown under different conditions were analyzed through staining techniques and SEM-EDAX analyses. Leaf silica deposits were accumulated 3-4 days after the first leaf emergence, also under low silica solution (0.17-0.2 mM). Their location was mainly restricted to short costal cells from basal sectors, and scarcely in trichomes and xylem at tips. Silica content in leaves increased with the age of the seedlings. Roots presented dome-shaped silica aggregates, between 4-12 μm of diameter, located in the inner tangential wall of endodermal cells and similar to those produced at maturity. Silicification begins early in the first photosynthetic leaf, and silica distribution is opposite to that found in mature plants, mainly restricted to basal sectors, probably acting as a reinforcing element. The fast incorporation of solid amorphous silica in leaves and roots, may be useful for farm applications in species that are Si-fertilized.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Geología de Costas y del Cuaternario (IGCyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CIC, CC 722, Mar del Plata, Argentina. fhonaine@mdp.edu.ar.|Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata- CONICET, CC 1260, Mar del Plata, Argentina. fhonaine@mdp.edu.ar.|CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina. fhonaine@mdp.edu.ar.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernández Honaine
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Geología de Costas y del Cuaternario (IGCyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CIC, CC 722, Mar del Plata, Argentina.|Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata- CONICET, CC 1260, Mar del Plata, Argentina.|CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Benvenuto
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Geología de Costas y del Cuaternario (IGCyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CIC, CC 722, Mar del Plata, Argentina.|Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata- CONICET, CC 1260, Mar del Plata, Argentina.|CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Borrelli
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Geología de Costas y del Cuaternario (IGCyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CIC, CC 722, Mar del Plata, Argentina.|Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata- CONICET, CC 1260, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Osterrieth
mesh_terms: D009928:Organ Specificity; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006109:Poaceae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D036226:Seedlings / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012822:Silicon Dioxide
keywords: 
  Bothriochloa laguroides
  ; Amorphous silica; biomineralisations; first photosynthetic leaf; silicophytoliths; structural reinforcement