title: ω-3 Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters Diminish Postprandial Lipemia in Familial Hypercholesterolemia.
abstract: Impaired postprandial chylomicron metabolism induces hypertriglyceridemia and may increase the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Omega-3 fatty acid ethyl ester (ω-3 FAEE) supplementation decreases plasma triglycerides. However, its effect on postprandial chylomicron metabolism in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) has not yet been investigated.
  
  
  
  We aimed to examine the effect of ω-3 FAEE supplementation on postprandial responses in plasma triglycerides, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) apolipoprotein B (apoB)-100, and apoB-48 in FH patients receiving standard cholesterol-lowering treatment.
  
  
  
  We carried out an 8-week open-label, randomized, crossover intervention trial to test the effect of oral supplementation with 4 g/d ω-3 FAEE (46% eicosapentaenoic acid and 38% docosahexaenoic acid) on postprandial triglyceride, VLDL-apoB-100, and apoB-48 responses in FH patients after ingestion of an oral fat load.
  
  
  
  Plasma total and incremental triglyceride, VLDL-apoB-100, and apoB-48 0- to 10-hour area under the curve (AUC).
  
  
  
  ω-3 FAEE supplementation significantly (P < .05 in all) reduced concentrations of fasting plasma triglyceride (-20%), apoB (-8%), VLDL-apoB-100 (-26%), and apoB-48 (-36%); as well as systolic blood pressure (-6%) and diastolic blood pressure (-6%). Postprandial triglyceride and VLDL-apoB-100 total AUCs (-19% and -26%, respectively; P < .01) and incremental AUCs (-18% and -35%, respectively; P < .05), as well as postprandial apoB-48 total AUC (-30%; P < .02) were significantly reduced by ω-3 FAEE supplementation.
  
  
  
  Supplementation with ω-3 FAEEs improves postprandial lipemia in FH patients receiving standard care; this may have implications for further reducing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in this high-risk patient group.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacology (D.C.C., J.P., P.H.R.B., J.R.B., G.F.W.), Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.R.B.), and School of Surgery (F.M.v.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (D.R.S.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia; and Department of Clinical Biochemistry (J.R.B., F.M.v.B.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital and Fiona Stanley Hospital Network, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia.
authors.forename: Dick C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacology (D.C.C., J.P., P.H.R.B., J.R.B., G.F.W.), Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.R.B.), and School of Surgery (F.M.v.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (D.R.S.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia; and Department of Clinical Biochemistry (J.R.B., F.M.v.B.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital and Fiona Stanley Hospital Network, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacology (D.C.C., J.P., P.H.R.B., J.R.B., G.F.W.), Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.R.B.), and School of Surgery (F.M.v.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (D.R.S.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia; and Department of Clinical Biochemistry (J.R.B., F.M.v.B.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital and Fiona Stanley Hospital Network, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia.
authors.forename: P Hugh R
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacology (D.C.C., J.P., P.H.R.B., J.R.B., G.F.W.), Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.R.B.), and School of Surgery (F.M.v.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (D.R.S.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia; and Department of Clinical Biochemistry (J.R.B., F.M.v.B.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital and Fiona Stanley Hospital Network, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacology (D.C.C., J.P., P.H.R.B., J.R.B., G.F.W.), Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.R.B.), and School of Surgery (F.M.v.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (D.R.S.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia; and Department of Clinical Biochemistry (J.R.B., F.M.v.B.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital and Fiona Stanley Hospital Network, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Burnett
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacology (D.C.C., J.P., P.H.R.B., J.R.B., G.F.W.), Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.R.B.), and School of Surgery (F.M.v.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (D.R.S.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia; and Department of Clinical Biochemistry (J.R.B., F.M.v.B.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital and Fiona Stanley Hospital Network, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia.
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: van Bockxmeer
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacology (D.C.C., J.P., P.H.R.B., J.R.B., G.F.W.), Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.R.B.), and School of Surgery (F.M.v.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (D.R.S.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia; and Department of Clinical Biochemistry (J.R.B., F.M.v.B.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital and Fiona Stanley Hospital Network, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia.
authors.forename: Gerald F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Watts
mesh_terms: D053299:Apolipoprotein B-100 / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects*; D053283:Apolipoprotein B-48 / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006938:Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D019518:Postprandial Period; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D053299:Apolipoprotein B-100; D053283:Apolipoprotein B-48; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid