title: Evaluation of the ability of Acinetobacter baumannii to form biofilms on six different biomedical relevant surfaces.
abstract: The human opportunistic pathogen, Acinetobacter baumannii, has the propensity to form biofilms and frequently cause medical device-related infections in hospitals. However, the physio-chemical properties of medical surfaces, in addition to bacterial surface properties, will affect colonization and biofilm development. The objective of this study was to compare the ability of A. baumannii to form biofilms on six different materials common to the hospital environment: glass, porcelain, stainless steel, rubber, polycarbonate plastic and polypropylene plastic. Biofilms were developed on material coupons in a CDC biofilm reactor. Biofilms were visualized and quantified using fluorescent staining and imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and by direct viable cell counts. Image analysis of CLSM stacks indicated that the mean biomass values for biofilms grown on glass, rubber, porcelain, polypropylene, stainless steel and polycarbonate were 0·04, 0·26, 0·62, 1·00, 2·08 and 2·70 μm(3) /μm(2) respectively. Polycarbonate developed statistically more biofilm mass than glass, rubber, porcelain and polypropylene. Viable cell counts data were in agreement with the CLSM-derived data. In conclusion, polycarbonate was the most accommodating surface for A. baumannii ATCC 17978 to form biofilms while glass was least favourable. Alternatives to polycarbonate for use in medical and dental devices may need to be considered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the hospital environment, Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most persistent and difficult to control opportunistic pathogens. The persistence of A. baumannii is due, in part, to its ability to colonize surfaces and form biofilms. This study demonstrates that A. baumannii can form biofilms on a variety of different surfaces and develops substantial biofilms on polycarbonate - a thermoplastic material that is often used in the construction of medical devices. The findings highlight the need to further study the in vitro compatibility of medical materials that could be colonized by A. baumannii and allow it to persist in hospital settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health and Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8058-1391
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health and Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Rickard
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health and Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. cxi@umich.edu.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xi
mesh_terms: D000151:Acinetobacter Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D040981:Acinetobacter baumannii / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D002516:Ceramics; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004864:Equipment and Supplies / Q000382:microbiology*; D005898:Glass; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D011108:Polymers; D011126:Polypropylenes; D012408:Rubber; D013193:Stainless Steel; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D011126:Polypropylenes; D013193:Stainless Steel; C017902:lexan; D012408:Rubber
keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii; Biofilms; environment; environmental surfaces; infection control; medical device