title: Low fruit consumption and omission of daily meals as risk factors for increased blood pressure in adults.
abstract: A population-based cross-sectional survey with cluster sampling design and with inverse sampling was conducted in 2010, in a sample of 1590 adults (19-60 years old) exposed to a high prevalence of food insecurity, in the municipality of Duque de Caxias, metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The objective of the study was to evaluate the association of socio-demographic factors, the consumption of fruits and vegetables and the number of meals with increased blood pressure (BP). A hierarchical model that considered variables related to the basic, intermediate and immediate determinants of increased BP was adopted. By using Poisson's regression, univariate models were tested to obtain the prevalence ratio (PR) and its respective 95 % CI. After fitting the model, age (age group 50-59 years) (PR 1·62; 95 % CI 1·09, 2·41), low consumption of fruits in a week (PR 1·37; 95 % CI 1·07, 1·74), fewer meals per day (PR 1·72; 95 % CI 1·21, 2·43) and overweight (PR 1·78; 95 % CI 1·31, 2·20) remained significantly associated with increased BP. Therefore, the results found here reinforce the importance of encouraging and developing strategies that ensure access to healthy foods to minimise increased BP in similar populations.
authors.affiliation: 1Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro,Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373,Edifício do Centro de Ciências da Saúde,Bloco J,2º andar,Cidade Universitária,Rio de Janeiro,CEP 21941-902,Brazil.
authors.forename: Talita Barbosa
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Domingos
authors.affiliation: 1Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro,Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373,Edifício do Centro de Ciências da Saúde,Bloco J,2º andar,Cidade Universitária,Rio de Janeiro,CEP 21941-902,Brazil.
authors.forename: Avany Fernandes
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: 2Instituto de Saúde Coletiva,Universidade Federal Fluminense,Rua Marques de Paraná,303, 3º andar, prédio anexo,Centro,24030-210, Niterói,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil.
authors.forename: Edna Massae
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Yokoo
authors.affiliation: 1Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro,Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373,Edifício do Centro de Ciências da Saúde,Bloco J,2º andar,Cidade Universitária,Rio de Janeiro,CEP 21941-902,Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salles-Costa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004435:Eating; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005523:Food Supply; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014675:Vegetables
keywords: BP blood pressure; Blood pressure; FI food insecurity; Fruit intake; Meals; Overweight