title: Gongjin-Dan Enhances Hippocampal Memory in a Mouse Model of Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia.
abstract: We evaluated the neuropharmacological effects of Gongjin-Dan (GJD) on the memory impairment caused by scopolamine injection. BALB/c mice were orally treated with GJD (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg, daily) or tacrine (THA, 10 mg/kg) for 10 days, and scopolamine (2 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally. The radial arm maze and passive avoidance tests were performed to evaluate the animal's learning and memory. Scopolamine increased the task completing time, the number of total errors (reference and working memory error) in the radial arm maze task, and the latency time in the passive avoidance test, which were significantly ameliorated by treatment with GJD. The GJD treatment also attenuated the scopolamine-induced hyperactivation of acetylcholinesterase activity, and suppression of the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and their receptors in the hippocampus. These effects of GJD were supported by both the doublecortin (DCX)-positive staining and Nissl staining, which were used to measure hippocampal neurogenesis and atrophy, respectively. These findings strongly suggest that GJD exerts a potent anti-amnesic effect, and its underlying mechanism might involve the modulation of cholinergic activity.
authors.affiliation: Liver and Immunology Research Center, Oriental Medical Collage of Daejeon University, 22-5 Daehung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-724, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Korean Medical College of Daejeon University, 22-5 Yongwoon-dong, Dong-gu, Daejeon301-724, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Shin
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Liver and Immunology Research Center, Oriental Medical Collage of Daejeon University, 22-5 Daehung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-724, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeong-Geug
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: TKM-based Herbal Drug Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Liver and Immunology Research Center, Oriental Medical Collage of Daejeon University, 22-5 Daehung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-724, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Won-Yong
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, Daejeon University, 62, Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sam-Keun
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Liver and Immunology Research Center, Oriental Medical Collage of Daejeon University, 22-5 Daehung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-724, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Gue
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Son
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000647:Amnesia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000089662:Doublecortin Protein; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012601:Scopolamine
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; C000714847:Dcx protein, mouse; D000089662:Doublecortin Protein; C546310:Gongjin-dan; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; D012601:Scopolamine; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase