title: Responses of Rapid Viscoanalyzer Profile and Other Rice Grain Qualities to Exogenously Applied Plant Growth Regulators under High Day and High Night Temperatures.
abstract: High-temperature stress degrades the grain quality of rice; nevertheless, the exogenous application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) might alleviate the negative effects of high temperatures. In the present study, we investigated the responses of rice grain quality to exogenously applied PGRs under high day temperatures (HDT) and high night temperatures (HNT) under controlled conditions. Four different combinations of ascorbic acid (Vc), alpha-tocopherol (Ve), brassinosteroids (Br), methyl jasmonates (MeJA) and triazoles (Tr) were exogenously applied to two rice cultivars (IR-64 and Huanghuazhan) prior to the high-temperature treatment. A Nothing applied Control (NAC) was included for comparison. The results demonstrated that high-temperature stress was detrimental for grain appearance and milling qualities and that both HDT and HNT reduced the grain length, grain width, grain area, head rice percentage and milled rice percentage but increased the chalkiness percentage and percent area of endosperm chalkiness in both cultivars compared with ambient temperature (AT). Significantly higher grain breakdown, set back, consistence viscosity and gelatinization temperature, and significantly lower peak, trough and final viscosities were observed under high-temperature stress compared with AT. Thus, HNT was more devastating for grain quality than HDT. The exogenous application of PGRs ameliorated the adverse effects of high temperature in both rice cultivars, and Vc+Ve+MejA+Br was the best combination for both cultivars under high temperature stress.
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Shah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fahad
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.|College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Saddam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
authors.forename: Shah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saud
authors.affiliation: Department of Extension, Agricultural University Peshawar, 25130, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Bhagirath Singh
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.|College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Fahad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment & Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdul Aziz University P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Muhammad Zahid
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Ihsan
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Abid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ullah
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350, Queensland, Australia.|School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia.
authors.forename: Ali Ahsan
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bajwa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hesham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alharby
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan.
authors.lastname: Amanullah
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Wajid
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nasim
authors.affiliation: Agricultural University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Babar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shahzad
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Mohsin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanveer
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.|Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Jianliang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D012275:Oryza / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013696:Temperature; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D010937:Plant Growth Regulators