title: Cognitive MMN and P300 in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: A high density EEG-3D vector field tomography approach.
abstract: Precise preclinical detection of dementia for effective treatment and stage monitoring is of great importance. Miscellaneous types of biomarkers, e.g., biochemical, genetic, neuroimaging, and physiological, have been proposed to diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD), the usual suspect behind manifested cognitive decline, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a neuropathology prior to AD that does not affect cognitive functions. Event related potential (ERP) methods constitute a non-invasive, inexpensive means of analysis and have been proposed as sensitive biomarkers of cognitive impairment; besides, various ERP components are strongly linked with working memory, attention, sensory processing and motor responses. In this study, an auditory oddball task is employed, to acquire high density electroencephalograhy recordings from healthy elderly controls, MCI and AD patients. The mismatch negativity (MMN) and P300 ERP components are then extracted and their relationship with neurodegeneration is examined. Then, the neural activation at these components is reconstructed using the 3D vector field tomography (3D-VFT) inverse solution. The results reveal a decline of both ERPs amplitude, and a statistically significant prolongation of their latency as cognitive impairment advances. For the MMN, higher brain activation is usually localized in the inferior frontal and superior temporal gyri in the controls. However, in AD, parietal sites exhibit strong activity. Stronger P300 generators are mostly found in the frontal lobe for the controls, but in AD they often shift to the temporal lobe. Reduction in inferior frontal source strength and the switch of the maximum intensity area to parietal and superior temporal sites suggest that these areas, especially the former, are of particular significance when neurodegenerative disorders are investigated. The modulation of MMN and P300 can serve to produce biomarkers of dementia and its progression, and brain imaging can further contribute to the diagnostic efficiency of ERPs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. Electronic address: chrysa.papadaniil@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chrysa D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Papadaniil
authors.affiliation: Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Vasiliki E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Kosmidou
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics Laboratory, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Anthoula
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsolaki
authors.affiliation: 3rd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsolaki
authors.affiliation: Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis Yiannis
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Kompatsiaris
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. Electronic address: leontios@auth.com.
authors.forename: Leontios J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Hadjileontiadis
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology; D015415:Biomarkers; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004569:Electroencephalography; D018913:Event-Related Potentials, P300; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: AD; Brain imaging; ERPs; High-density EEG; MCI; Vector field tomography