title: Stress distributions in peri-miniscrew areas from cylindrical and tapered miniscrews inserted at different angles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to analyze stress distributions in the roots, periodontal ligaments (PDLs), and bones around cylindrical and tapered miniscrews inserted at different angles using a finite element analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We created a three-dimensional (3D) maxilla model of a dentition with extracted first premolars and used 2 types of miniscrews (tapered and cylindrical) with 1.45-mm diameters and 8-mm lengths. The miniscrews were inserted at 30°, 60°, and 90° angles with respect to the bone surface. A simulated horizontal orthodontic force of 2 N was applied to the miniscrew heads. Then, the stress distributions, magnitudes during miniscrew placement, and force applications were analyzed with a 3D finite element analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stresses were primarily absorbed by cortical bone. Moreover, very little stress was transmitted to the roots, PDLs, and cancellous bone. During cylindrical miniscrew insertion, the maximum von Mises stress increased as insertion angle decreased. Tapered miniscrews exhibited greater maximum von Mises stress than cylindrical miniscrews. During force application, maximum von Mises stresses increased in both groups as insertion angles decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For both cylindrical and tapered miniscrew designs, placement as perpendicular to the bone surface as possible is recommended to reduce stress in the surrounding bone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Cranial-Facial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Cranial-Facial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kee-Joon
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Youn-Sic
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Cranial-Facial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chung-Ju
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hwang
keywords: Finite element analysis; Miniscrew design; Orthodontic miniscrews; Stress