title: Tubulins interact with porcine and human S proteins of the genus Alphacoronavirus and support successful assembly and release of infectious viral particles.
abstract: Coronavirus spike proteins mediate host-cell-attachment and virus entry. Virus replication takes place within the host cell cytosol, whereas assembly and budding occur at the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment. In this study we demonstrated that the last 39 amino acid stretches of Alphacoronavirus spike cytoplasmic domains of the human coronavirus 229E, NL63, and the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus TGEV interact with tubulin alpha and beta chains. In addition, a partial co-localization of TGEV spike proteins with authentic host cell β-tubulin was observed. Furthermore, drug-induced microtubule depolymerization led to changes in spike protein distribution, a reduction in the release of infectious virus particles and less amount of spike protein incorporated into virions. These data demonstrate that interaction of Alphacoronavirus spike proteins with tubulin supports S protein transport and incorporation into virus particles.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Anna-Theresa
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Rüdiger
authors.affiliation: Virology Department, Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 9a, 80336 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mayrhofer
authors.affiliation: Virology Department, Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 9a, 80336 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma-Lauer
authors.affiliation: Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Straße 41, 48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Gottfried
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pohlentz
authors.affiliation: Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Straße 41, 48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Müthing
authors.affiliation: Virology Department, Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 9a, 80336 Munich, Germany; German Centers for Infection Research (DZIF), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany. Electronic address: vonbrunn@mvp.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Albrecht
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: von Brunn
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany. Electronic address: christel.schwegmann@tiho-hannover.de.
authors.forename: Christel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schwegmann-Weßels
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003332:Coronaviridae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003333:Coronaviridae Infections / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology*; D005761:Gastroenteritis, Transmissible, of Swine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D015739:Nocodazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D011485:Protein Binding; D054730:Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; D021381:Protein Transport; D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D019065:Virus Assembly / Q000187:drug effects; D057074:Virus Release; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; D014404:Tubulin; D015739:Nocodazole
keywords: Assembly; Coronavirus; Incorporation; Interaction; Intracellular transport; Microtubule; Spike protein; TGEV; Viral infectivity