title: The Toll Signaling Pathway in the Chinese Oak Silkworm, Antheraea pernyi: Innate Immune Responses to Different Microorganisms.
abstract: The Toll pathway is one of the most important signaling pathways regulating insect innate immunity. Spatzle is a key protein that functions as a Toll receptor ligand to trigger Toll-dependent expression of immunity-related genes. In this study, a novel spatzle gene (ApSPZ) from the Chinese oak silkworm Antheraea pernyi was identified. The ApSPZ cDNA is 1065 nucleotides with an open reading frame (ORF) of 777 bp encoding a protein of 258 amino acids. The protein has an estimated molecular weight of 29.71 kDa and an isoelectric point (PI) of 8.53. ApSPZ is a nuclear and secretory protein with no conserved domains or membrane helices and shares 40% amino acid identity with SPZ from Manduca sexta. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that ApSPZ might be a new member of the Spatzle type 1 family, which belongs to the Spatzle superfamily. The expression patterns of several genes involved in the Toll pathway were examined at different developmental stages and various tissues in 5th instar larvae. The examined targets included A. pernyi spatzle, GNBP, MyD88, Tolloid, cactus and dorsalA. The RT-PCR results showed that these genes were predominantly expressed in immune-responsive fat body tissue, indicating that the genes play a crucial role in A. pernyi innate immunity. Moreover, A. pernyi infection with the fungus Nosema pernyi and the gram-positive bacterium Enterococcus pernyi, but not the gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli, activated the Toll signaling pathway. These results represent the first study of the Toll pathway in A. pernyi, which provides insight into the A. pernyi innate immune system.
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.|College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Liaoning Engineering & Technology Research Center for Insect Resources, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Liaoning Engineering & Technology Research Center for Insect Resources, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
authors.forename: Yiren
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Liaoning Engineering & Technology Research Center for Insect Resources, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.|Sericultural Research Institute of Liaoning Province, Fengcheng, 118100, China.
authors.forename: Xisheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Liaoning Engineering & Technology Research Center for Insect Resources, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
authors.forename: Ruisheng
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
authors.forename: Zhiguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.|College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Liaoning Engineering & Technology Research Center for Insect Resources, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qin
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D005216:Fat Body / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D007526:Isoelectric Point; D007814:Larva / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D018402:Manduca / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009036:Moths / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016818:Nosema / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000276:immunology*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D055394:Tolloid-Like Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D019476:Insect Proteins; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D055394:Tolloid-Like Metalloproteinases