title: Modifications of Western-type diet regarding protein, fat and sucrose levels as modulators of steroid metabolism and activity in liver.
abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the modification of the Western-type diet (high-fat, high-sucrose diet rich in saturated fatty acids) considering macronutrients content would influence hepatic metabolism and activity of steroids. For 3 weeks Wistar rat were fed the Western-type diet (21% fat, 35% sucrose, 19% protein, lard) and its modifications regarding dietary protein (10 and 19%), fat (5 and 21%) and sucrose (0 and 35%) levels. The steroid 5α-reductase type 1 (Srd5a1) and androgen receptor (Ar) gene expression as well as testosterone (T) conversion towards 5α-reduced derivatives in liver were positively correlated with body weight gain. The Western-type diets with decreased protein content regardless of the sucrose level exerted the most negative effect on the antioxidant system decreasing catalase (Cat), sodium dismutase (Sod1) and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx1) gene expression as well as Cat and Gpx activity and total antioxidant status, simultaneously intensifying lipid peroxidation. The impaired antioxidant system was accompanied by decreased level of hepatic T metabolism towards estrogens: 17β-estradiol (E2) and estriol, and increased estrogen receptor type 1 (Esr1) gene expression. Liver Esr1 mRNA level was differently correlated with T (positively) and E2 (negatively) plasma levels. Whereas the fat reduction in Western-type diet restored the plasma proportion between T and E2. In conclusion it could be stated that Western-type diet modification relating to protein, sucrose and fat content can influence hepatic steroid metabolism and activity; however the estrogens and androgens metabolism in liver would be connected with impairment of liver function or catabolic activity, respectively.
authors.affiliation: The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; Division of Nutrition Physiology, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: a.krawczynska@ifzz.pl.
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krawczyńska
authors.affiliation: The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.affiliation: The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Antushevich
authors.affiliation: The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bochenek
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutrition Physiology, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dziendzikowska
authors.affiliation: The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland.
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gajewska
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutrition Physiology, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gromadzka-Ostrowska
mesh_terms: D013741:3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D066273:Diet, Western; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000378:metabolism; D013256:Steroids / Q000378:metabolism*; D013395:Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D013256:Steroids; D013739:Testosterone; D013395:Sucrose; D013741:3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase; C548472:Srd5a1 protein, rat; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase
keywords: Antioxidant system; Aro; Diet; Liver; Srd5a1; Testosterone