title: Comparison of the analgesic efficacy of oral ketorolac versus intramuscular tramadol after third molar surgery: A parallel, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preemptive analgesia is considered an alternative for treating the postsurgical pain of third molar removal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preemptive analgesic efficacy of oral ketorolac versus intramuscular tramadol after a mandibular third molar surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A parallel, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out. Thirty patients were randomized into two treatment groups using a series of random numbers: Group A, oral ketorolac 10 mg plus intramuscular placebo (1 mL saline solution); or Group B, oral placebo (similar tablet to oral ketorolac) plus intramuscular tramadol 50 mg diluted in 1 mL saline solution. These treatments were given 30 min before the surgery. We evaluated the time of first analgesic rescue medication, pain intensity, total analgesic consumption and adverse effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients taking oral ketorolac had longer time of analgesic covering and less postoperative pain when compared with patients receiving intramuscular tramadol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the VAS and UAC results, this study suggests that 10 mg of oral ketorolac had superior analgesic effect than 50 mg of tramadol when administered before a mandibular third molar surgery.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava #2, Zona Universitaria, C.P. 78290, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. México, apozos@uaslp.mx.
authors.forename: M-A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Isiordia-Espinoza
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pozos-Guillen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martinez-Rider
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perez-Urizar
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D020910:Ketorolac / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008964:Molar, Third / Q000601:surgery*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain; D014095:Tooth, Impacted / Q000601:surgery*; D014147:Tramadol / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D014147:Tramadol; D020910:Ketorolac