title: Preclinical study on an animal model of a new non-adhesive cyanoacrylate (Purefill®) for arterial embolization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to assess the distal dispersion, the adhesion strength to catheter, the vascular toxicity and the ability in excluding embolized vessels using Purefill®(α-hexil-cyanoacrylate) as embolic material, which is a new high purity cyanoacrylate and compare these results with those obtained with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl®) and a mixture of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate and methacryloxysulfolane.
  
  
  METHODS
  In six pigs, the right rete mirabile (RM) and right renal arteries were embolized with α-hexil-cyanoacrylate, and the left rete mirabile and left renal artery were embolized with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate and N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate+Methacryloxysulfolane for comparison. One minute after glue injection through the microcatheter, displacements of the kidney and the pharyngeal artery were measured on angiographic images, before exercising any traction and during catheter pulling, when the forces were maximal. Displacement was measured in terms of distance (mm) with respect to renal pedicles and in terms of angle (°) with respect to the rete. After acute embolization (4 pigs) or three-month follow-up (2 pigs), the kidneys and the RM were removed and further analysed using computed tomography and histopathological examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Similar short and long-term embolic efficacies were observed with the three glues. The mean displacement distances of renal pedicles were 2.6mm for α-hexil-cyanoacrylate, 22.6mm for N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate and 19.8mm for N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate+Methacryloxysulfolane (P=0.021). The mean angles of displacement of the ascending pharyngeal arteries were for 12.2° for α-hexil-cyanoacrylate, 23.5° for N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate and 30° for N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate+Methacryloxysulfolane (P=0.070). Histopathologically, findings were similar for the three glues, immediately and 90 days after embolization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  α-hexil-cyanoacrylate has occlusive efficacy in the short and long term similar to those of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate and N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate+Methacryloxysulfolane. In addition, histopathological changes are similar with the three glues immediately or 90 days after embolization. Conversely, α-hexil-cyanoacrylate results in a reduced angle and distance of displacement compared to the other two glues, assumably reflecting a limited adhesive strength.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, hôpital Timone, CHU de Marseille, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13005 Marseille, France. Electronic address: jalal-jean.izaaryene@ap-hm.fr.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Izaaryene
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, hôpital Timone, CHU de Marseille, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13005 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saeed Kilani
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'imagerie interventionnelle expérimentale (LIIE), université d'Aix-Marseille, faculté de la Timone, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: P-H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Rolland
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, hôpital Timone, CHU de Marseille, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13005 Marseille, France; Laboratoire d'imagerie interventionnelle expérimentale (LIIE), université d'Aix-Marseille, faculté de la Timone, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: J-Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Gaubert
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, hôpital Timone, CHU de Marseille, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13005 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jacquier
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, hôpital Timone, CHU de Marseille, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13005 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bartoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, hôpital Timone, CHU de Marseille, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13005 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vidal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003487:Cyanoacrylates; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply; D012077:Renal Artery; D013552:Swine; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003487:Cyanoacrylates
keywords: Arterial embolization; Cyanoacrylate; Embolic material; Interventional radiology; Purefill