title: Categorization of compensatory motions in transradial myoelectric prosthesis users.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prosthesis users perform various compensatory motions to accommodate for the loss of the hand and wrist as well as the reduced functionality of a prosthetic hand.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Investigate different compensation strategies that are performed by prosthesis users.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparative analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 20 able-bodied subjects and 4 prosthesis users performed a set of bimanual activities. Movements of the trunk and head were recorded using a motion capture system and a digital video recorder. Clinical motion angles were calculated to assess the compensatory motions made by the prosthesis users. The video recording also assisted in visually identifying the compensations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compensatory motions by the prosthesis users were evident in the tasks performed (slicing and stirring activities) as compared to the benchmark of able-bodied subjects. Compensations took the form of a measured increase in range of motion, an observed adoption of a new posture during task execution, and prepositioning of items in the workspace prior to initiating a given task.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compensatory motions were performed by prosthesis users during the selected tasks. These can be categorized into three different types of compensations. Clinical relevance Proper identification and classification of compensatory motions performed by prosthesis users into three distinct forms allows clinicians and researchers to accurately identify and quantify movement. It will assist in evaluating new prosthetic interventions by providing distinct terminology that is easily understood and can be shared between research institutions.
authors.affiliation: 1 University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hussaini
authors.affiliation: 1 University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada.
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zinck
authors.affiliation: 2 Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IBME), University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada.|3 University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, ME, UK.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kyberd
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D001186:Artificial Limbs; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D060726:Torso; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Biomechanics; biomechanics of prosthetic/orthotic devices; motion analysis; myoelectric; prosthetics; rehabilitation; rehabilitation of amputees; rehabilitation of prosthesis users; transradial; unilateral; upper limb prosthetics