title: Slow motion increases perceived intent.
abstract: To determine the appropriate punishment for a harmful action, people must often make inferences about the transgressor's intent. In courtrooms and popular media, such inferences increasingly rely on video evidence, which is often played in "slow motion." Four experiments (n = 1,610) involving real surveillance footage from a murder or broadcast replays of violent contact in professional football demonstrate that viewing an action in slow motion, compared with regular speed, can cause viewers to perceive an action as more intentional. This slow motion intentionality bias occurred, in part, because slow motion video caused participants to feel like the actor had more time to act, even when they knew how much clock time had actually elapsed. Four additional experiments (n = 2,737) reveal that allowing viewers to see both regular speed and slow motion replay mitigates the bias, but does not eliminate it. We conclude that an empirical understanding of the effect of slow motion on mental state attribution should inform the life-or-death decisions that are currently based on tacit assumptions about the objectivity of human perception.
authors.affiliation: Booth School of Business, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; ecaruso@chicagobooth.edu.
authors.forename: Eugene M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Caruso
authors.affiliation: School of Management, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117;
authors.forename: Zachary C
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.affiliation: Frank Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy, Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904.
authors.forename: Benjamin A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Converse
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D007600:Judgment; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009039:Motion Perception; D012938:Social Perception; D014741:Video Recording; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: egocentrism; intent; law; slow motion; time