title: The impact of identifying carotid plaque on addressing cardiovascular risk in psoriatic arthritis.
abstract: Patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are at an increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease.  The aim of this study was to identify the frequency of carotid plaque in asymptomatic patients with psoriatic arthritis at baseline and follow-up screening, and to assess for the impact of demonstrating plaque on management of traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
  
  
  
  Eighty-seven PsA patients underwent carotid duplex ultrasound screening. Repeat carotid duplex ultrasound was offered to all patients between 12 and 30 months. Preventive cardiology referrals were generated for all patients through the electronic health record. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors, medication use, and rates of utilization of preventive cardiology services were compared between patients with and without plaque.
  
  
  
  Carotid plaque was identified in 34/87 (39 %) of PsA patients. Age and triglyceride levels were predictors of plaque presence. Patients with plaque trended toward higher rates of smoking and diabetes, and higher low-density lipoprotein levels. Only 9/87 (10 %) patients completed at least one visit with preventive cardiology after enrollment despite referral. Low use of statin (21 %) and antiplatelet (27 %) medication was observed. Rates of biologic medication use for PsA were higher (75 %) than studies in similar cohorts of patients with carotid plaque. No association was seen between disease duration or activity and the presence of carotid plaque.
  
  
  
  Despite demonstration of high cardiac risk by the presence of carotid plaque, implementation of preventive cardiovascular services and rates of statin and antiplatelet use remained low. Age and triglyceride levels were significant variables in predicting plaque presence. There is no evidence that demonstration of plaque resulted in further evaluation or changes in treatment regimens to address heightened cardiovascular risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lucke
authors.affiliation: Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Messner
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Esther S H
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, desk A50, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. Husnie@ccf.org.
authors.forename: M Elaine
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Husni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015535:Arthritis, Psoriatic / Q000150:complications*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Carotid plaque; Psoriatic arthritis; Spondyloarthritis