title: Hope, Coping, and Quality of Life in Adults with Myasthenia Gravis.
abstract: Myasthenia gravis significantly impacts quality of life. However, the relationship between hope, coping, and quality of life (QOL)in myasthenia patients has not been studied (Kulkantrakorn & Jarungkiatkul, 2009; Raggi et al., 2010).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between hope, coping, and quality of life in adults with myasthenia gravis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects with MG (n = 100) completed six questionnaires, including a demographic profile, the Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living Scale (MG-ADL), Herth Hope Index (HHI), Jalowiec Coping Scale (JCS), Myasthenia Gravis Quality-of-Life Scale (MG-QOL15), and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36v2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean hope scores indicated a high level of hope. An optimistic coping style was the most common and effective coping strategy identified by subjects. Positive thinking and humour were also frequently used strategies. Participants identified quality of life as good tolerability, above general population mental well-being, and below general populationphysical well-being. Participants who identified good quality of life had low scores on the MG-QOL15 scale and high scores on the SF36v2. Hope and independence for activities of daily living were found to correlate with improved quality of life and mental well-being(p < 0.001). Age and length of illness were not significant factors. There was no mediation by well-being or quality of life in the relationship between hope and coping. Hope and coping were not important factors for well-being or quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurses caring for adults with myasthenia gravis should use interventions that continue to support hope, quality of life, and coping throughout the unpredictable and chronic course of MG.
authors.forename: Wilma J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Koopman
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: LeBlanc
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Nicolle
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hulley
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology*; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001294:Attitude to Health; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D065026:Hope; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009157:Myasthenia Gravis / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires