title: PERIPHERAL RETINAL VASCULITIS: Analysis of 110 Consecutive Cases and a Contemporary Reappraisal of Tubercular Etiology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Describe the clinical features and outcomes of patients with peripheral retinal vasculitis (RV) and describe clinical characteristics of presumed tubercular RV in a nonendemic setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study of 110 consecutive patients with peripheral RV at a tertiary referral eye care center in the United Kingdom. Retinal vasculitis was defined as RV with vitritis associated with peripheral retinal ischemia. Patients who also had positive Quantiferon Gold in Tube test, positive tuberculin skin test, and/or other evidence of systemic tuberculosis such as biopsy were labeled with presumed tubercular RV. Treatment success was defined as resolution of inflammation, and successful tapering of oral corticosteroids to less than 10 mg/day or topical steroids to less than twice a day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of the study population was 42.69 ± 14.95 years. Patients were predominantly Asian (49.1%) and Male (67.0%). A total of 73.2% had bilateral involvement. Sixty-nine (62.72%) patients had presumed tubercular RV. A total of 52.8% patients received antitubercular therapy, 65.5% received oral corticosteroids, and 17.3% required steroid-sparing oral immunosuppressive agents. A total of 85.19% of patients with presumed tubercular RV achieved treatment success with concurrent antitubercular therapy as against 75.61% of patients with nontubercular RV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the largest study of the epidemiology, clinical features, and outcomes of both peripheral RV and presumed tubercular RV to date. Presumed tubercular RV commonly seems to affect young males of Asian descent and had vitreous hemorrhage as common clinical findings and also demonstrated a good treatment outcome with antitubercular therapy.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Medical Retina, Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; †Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom; ‡Department of Ophthalmology, National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; and §Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Rupesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.forename: Dinesh V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Gunasekeran
authors.forename: Julio J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Lopez
authors.forename: Joao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.forename: Bhaskar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Peter K F
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Addison
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Westcott
authors.forename: Carlos E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Pavesio
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D031300:Retinal Vasculitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013256:Steroids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014392:Tuberculosis, Ocular / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D014792:Visual Acuity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D013256:Steroids