title: Kinetics of charged antibiotic penetration into human intervertebral discs: A numerical study.
abstract: Little quantitative information exists on the kinetics of charged antibiotic penetration into human intervertebral discs (IVD). This information is crucial for determining the dosage to use, timing of administration, and duration of treatment for infected IVDs. The objective of this study was to quantitatively analyze the transport of various charged antibiotics into human lumbar IVDs. Penetration of charged and uncharged antibiotics into a human lumbar disc was analyzed using a 3D finite element model. The valence (z) of the electrical charge of antibiotics varied from z=+2 (positively charged) to z=-2 (negatively charged). An uncharged antibiotic (z=0) was used as a control. Cases with intravenous (IV) administrations of different charged antibiotics were simulated. Our results showed that the electrical charge had great effects on kinetics of an antibiotic penetration into the IVD; with higher concentrations and uptakes for positively charged antibiotics than those for negatively charged ones. This study provides quantitative information on selecting antibiotics for treating intervertebral disc infections.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States.
authors.forename: Qiaoqiao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States; Dept. of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States. Electronic address: wgu@miami.edu.
authors.forename: Weiyong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Orthopaedics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eismont
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Orthopaedics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000378:metabolism*; D055959:Intervertebral Disc Degeneration / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Antibiotic penetration; Disc infections; Finite element analysis; Intervertebral disc; Mixture theory; Transport phenomena