title: Cellular internalization and morphological analysis after intravenous injection of a highly hydrophilic octahedral rhenium cluster complex - a new promising X-ray contrast agent.
abstract: The octahedral cluster compound Na2H8[{Re6Se8}(P(C2H4CONH2)(C2H4COO)2)6] has been shown to be highly radio dense, thus becoming a promising X-ray contrast agent. It was also shown that this compound had low cytotoxic effect in vitro, low acute toxicity in vivo and was eliminated rapidly from the body through the urinary tract. The present contribution describes a more detailed cellular internalization assay and morphological analysis after intravenous injection of this hexarhenium cluster compound at different doses. The median lethal dose (LD50) of intravenously administrated compound was calculated (4.67 ± 0.69 g/kg). Results of the study clearly indicated that the cluster complex Hn[{Re6Se8}(P(C2H4CONH2)(C2H4COO)2)6]n-10was not internalized into cells in vitro and induced only moderate morphological alterations of kidneys at high doses without any changes in morphology of liver, spleen, duodenum, or heart of mice. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Scientific Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology", Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.|Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.|Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine", Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Anna A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Krasilnikova
authors.affiliation: Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Scientific Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology", Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Anastasiya O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Solovieva
authors.affiliation: Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Scientific Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology", Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.|The State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Kristina E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Trifonova
authors.affiliation: Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.|Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.|Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Konstantin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Brylev
authors.affiliation: Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Anton A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ivanov
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.|Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine", Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.|Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Shestopalov
authors.affiliation: Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine", Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Maria S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Fufaeva
authors.affiliation: Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine", Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Alexander M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Shestopalov
authors.affiliation: Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.|Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine", Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Yuri V
authors.initials: YV
authors.lastname: Mironov
authors.affiliation: Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Scientific Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology", Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Alexander F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Poveshchenko
authors.affiliation: Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Lidia V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Shestopalova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D056831:Coordination Complexes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D004386:Duodenum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D012211:Rhenium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D056831:Coordination Complexes; D012211:Rhenium
keywords: acute intravenous toxicity; cellular internalization; drug development; octahedral rhenium cluster complex; safety assessment; vascular contrast agent