title: Evaluation of antimicrobial effect of azadirachtin plant extract (Soluneem (™)) on commonly found root canal pathogenic microorganisms (viz. Enterococcus faecalis) in primary teeth: A microbiological study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Soluneem ™ when used as an irrigating solution along with other commonly used irrigating solution sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) against Enterococcus faecalis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Microorganism used in this study was E. faecalis (Microbial Type Culture Collection 439). Test substance used was Soluneem ™, which was obtained from Vittal Mallya Scientific Research Foundation (VMSRF), Bengaluru. This study was conducted in a microbiology laboratory (Biocare Research India Pvt., Ltd. Laboratory, Ahmedabad, Gujarat) to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of Soluneem ™ (Azadirachtin) on E. faecalis. Antimicrobial activity testing was performed using the macrobroth dilution method according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. All determinations were performed thrice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was seen as 2.6% for Soluneem ™ while the same was seen at 0.1% for NaOCl. Independent sample t-test was carried out to compare the MBC of Soluneem ™ and NaOCl, which showed that there was no statistically significant difference between them, i.e., 2.6% Soluneem ™ was as effective as 0.1% NaOCl.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Soluneem ™ showed antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis at various concentrations. It was also found that the efficacy of Soluneem ™ at 2.6% concentration and above was relatively similar to that of gold standard irrigating solution (NaOCl) on inhibition of E. faecalis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Shanal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Karthik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Venkataraghavan
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, SEGi University, Kota Damansara PJU 5, 47810 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Prashant
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Choudhary
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Shameer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohammad
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Krishna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Trivedi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Shalin G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031601:Azadirachta; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000382:microbiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007201:Indicator Dilution Techniques; D036701:Limonins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012639:Seeds
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D036701:Limonins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; C010329:azadirachtin