title: Intraligamentary and Supraperiosteal Anesthesia Efficacy Using a Computer Controlled Delivery System in Mandibular Molars.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare pain, efficacy and postoperative complications of anesthesia in first primary mandibular molars anesthetized with either intraligamentary (IL) or supraperiosteal (SP) anesthesia using a computer-controlled delivery system (CCDS).
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomized, controlled-crossover, blind clinical trial was conducted with 90 children requiring bilateral extraction, pulpotomy or restorative treatment of first mandibular primary molars. A CCDS was used to deliver IL anesthesia to 1 deciduous tooth and SP anesthesia to the contralateral tooth in each patient. Severity of pain and efficacy of anesthesia during the treatments were evaluated using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (PRS) and comfort and side effects were assessed using post-injection and post-treatment questionnaires. Data were analyzed using χ2 and Mann-Whitney U tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to PRS scores, pain levels during extraction were significantly higher with IL when compared to SP. Patients reported significantly less pain during needle insertion with SP when compared to IL; however, rates of postoperative complications were significantly higher with SP when compared to IL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CCDS-administered IL anesthesia and SP anesthesia were similarly effective when used during restorative treatment and pulpotomy of primary mandibular molars; however, SP was more effective than IL when used during extraction procedures.
authors.forename: Ülkü Şermet
authors.initials: ÜŞ
authors.lastname: Elbay
authors.forename: Mesut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elbay
authors.forename: Emine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.forename: Ülkem
authors.initials: Ü
authors.lastname: Cilasun
mesh_terms: D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000187:drug effects*; D008963:Molar / Q000187:drug effects*; D009339:Needles / Q000009:adverse effects; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010513:Periodontal Ligament; D010521:Periosteum; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011672:Pulpotomy / Q000379:methods; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local
keywords: computer-controlled delivery system; intraligamentary; supraperiosteal anesthesia