title: Insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and apolipoprotein E interactions as mechanisms in cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: An increased risk for Alzheimer's disease is associated with dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. A separate literature shows the genetic risk for developing Alzheimer's disease is strongly correlated to the presence of the E4 isoform of the apolipoprotein E carrier protein. Understanding how apolipoprotein E carrier protein, lipids, amyloid β peptides, glucose, central nervous system insulin, and peripheral insulin interact with one another in Alzheimer's disease is an area of increasing interest. Here, we will review the evidence relating apolipoprotein E carrier protein, lipids, and insulin action to Alzheimer's disease and Aβ peptides and then propose mechanisms as to how these factors might interact with one another to impair cognition and promote Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Therese S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Salameh
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Rhea
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA wabanks1@uw.edu.
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Banks
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Angela J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hanson
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D001057:Apolipoproteins E
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; apolipoprotein E; cognition; dyslipidemia; insulin resistance