title: Smoking Is Associated with an Increased Risk for Surgery in Diverticulitis: A Case Control Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cigarette smoking increases the risk of surgery in Crohn's disease. However, the effect of smoking on the need for surgery for diverticulitis is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated whether smoking was a risk factor for surgery among patients admitted to hospital with acute diverticulitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a population-based comparative cohort study of patients admitted to hospital for diverticulitis who were treated with medical versus surgical management.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the population-based Discharge Abstract Database to identify 176 adults admitted emergently with a diagnosis of diverticulitis between 2009 and 2010 in Calgary.
  We performed a medical chart review to confirm the diagnosis of diverticulitis and to extract clinical data. The primary outcome was a partial colectomy during hospitalization. Logistic regression evaluated the association between smoking and surgery after adjusting for potential confounders, including age, sex, comorbidity, and disease severity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A partial colectomy was performed on 35.6% of patients with diverticulitis and 1.3% died. Among diverticulitis patients, 26.8% were current smokers, 31.5% were ex-smokers, and 41.6% never smoked. Compared to non-smokers, current smokers (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 9.02; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.47-32.97) and former smokers (adjusted OR 5.41; 95% CI: 1.54-18.96) had increased odds of surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking is associated with the need for surgical management of diverticulitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Diamant
authors.affiliation: Global Medical Affairs, Shire Canada Inc., Saint-Laurent, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schaffer
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.|Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coward
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.|Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: M Ellen
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Kuenzig
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hubbard
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Bertus
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eksteen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.|Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heitman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Remo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Panaccione
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Subrata
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.|Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Gilaad G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Kaplan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004238:Diverticulitis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*