title: Safety assessment of rice bran oil in a chicken embryo model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rice Bran Oil (RBO) is extracted from the outer layer of rice. Little information is available regarding its safety. The present study was conducted to assess its safety in chicken embryo model.
  
  
  METHODS
  RBO was injected on day 4 of incubation of chickens. The tissues and serum samples were collected. Oxidative stress parameters in the liver, kidney and brain and biochemical parameters of serum were measured. The deformities were also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The changes in the liver enzymes activity were not statistically significant. There was significant decrease and increase in lipid peroxidation and glutathione level, respectively. It is suggested that RBO is a natural antioxidant source. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) also decreased. No abnormal findings were observed in the chickens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No toxic effect was observed following RBO administration in chicken embryos. This study showed that RBO is not a safety concern.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran.
authors.forename: Atefeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Araghi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seifi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sayrafi
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Engineer, Food Safety Division, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Parisa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sadighara
keywords: Malformations; Oxidative stress; Rice bran oil; Safety assessment