title: Open and endovascular repair of aneurysms affecting the distal extracranial internal carotid artery: case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Three cases of internal carotid artery aneurysm affecting the distal cervical segment were retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two patients underwent open surgical repair requiring petrous segment exposure for bypass of the affected segment using a Fisch type A lateral skull base approach. The third patient underwent endovascular stenting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no cerebrovascular complications post-operatively. Both open repair patients experienced temporary lower cranial nerve palsies. One required facial nerve grafting. All patients had patent grafts at follow up. The stent graft patient had a small endoleak at six months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endovascular and open approaches both have advantages and disadvantages. Treatment needs to be tailored to the lesion and the patient. An open surgical approach is difficult but well established. Endovascular treatment of these lesions is a relatively recent technique, and new cases need to be continually reported with a view to attaining long-term data.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery,University of Sydney,Sydney,Australia.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery,St Vincent's Hospital,Sydney,Australia.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huilgol
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery,St Vincent's Hospital,Sydney,Australia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.affiliation: Department of Otology,Neurotology and Skull Base Surgery,St Vincent's Hospital,Sydney,Australia.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fagan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000783:Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D000072226:Computed Tomography Angiography; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents
keywords: Aneurysm; Endovascular Repair; Internal Carotid Artery; Morbidity; Open Repair; Petrous Segment Exposure