title: Comparative effectiveness of angiotensin receptor blockers vs. angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on cardiovascular outcomes in patients initiating peritoneal dialysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is evidence that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARB) may reduce cardiovascular (CV) risk in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD), but no studies have compared the effectiveness between these drug classes. In this observational cohort study, we compared the association of ARB vs. ACEI use on CV outcomes in patients initiating PD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified from the US Renal Data System all adult patients who initiated PD from 2007 to 2011 and participated in Medicare Part D, a federal prescription drug benefits program, for the first 90 days of dialysis. Patients who filled a prescription for an ACEI or ARB in those 90 days were considered users. We excluded patients who used both ACEI and ARB. We applied Cox proportional hazards regression to an inverse probability of treatment-weighted cohort to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) for the combined outcome of all-cause death, ischemic stroke, or myocardial infarction; all-cause mortality; and CV death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 1892 patients using either drug class, 39 % were ARB users. We observed 624 events over 2,898 person-years of follow-up, for a composite event rate of 22 events per 100 person-years. We observed no differences between ARB vs. ACEI users: composite outcome HR 0.94, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.79-1.11; all-cause mortality HR 0.92, 95 % CI 0.76-1.10; CV death HR: 1.06, 95 % CI 0.80-1.41.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified no significant difference in the risks of CV events or death between users of ARBs vs. ACEIs in patients initiating PD, thus supporting their mostly interchangeable use in this population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1000 W. Carson St., Box 406, Torrance, CA, 90509, USA. jshen@labiomed.org.|Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA. jshen@labiomed.org.
authors.forename: Jenny I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Anjali B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Maria E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Montez-Rath
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1000 W. Carson St., Box 406, Torrance, CA, 90509, USA.
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leng
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Tara I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.|Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Wolfgang C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Winkelmayer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D057186:Comparative Effectiveness Research; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D054524:Medicare Part D; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
keywords: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; Angiotensin receptor blockers; Cardiovascular; Peritoneal dialysis; Renin angiotensin system blockers