title: Gilles de la Tourette syndrome - A treatable condition?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by chronic motor and vocal tics. Psychiatric comorbidity is frequent but does not enter into the official classification of the syndrome. In the present article, we will focus on treatment options for tics.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have reviewed the relevant literature on treatment of tics and GTS, especially in the period from 2011-2016 since the publication of the European Society for the Study of Tourette Syndrome (ESSTS) treatment guidelines in 2011.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We present current and up-to-date approaches in psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy and neurosurgery for GTS with an outlook for the upcoming years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although many patients and health-care professionals seem to view tics and/or GTS as difficult to treat, or believe that treatment requires severe side effects with reduction in quality of life, we wish to convey that there is cause for optimism, both with regard to available treatment modalities and future therapeutic developments.
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne universités, UPMC univeristé Paris 06, UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, 75013 Paris, France; Department of neurology, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 47, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; French National Reference Centre for Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France. Electronic address: andreas.hartmann@aphp.fr.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.affiliation: International Parkinson's Centre of Excellence, King's College and King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill Campus, London, UK; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woolwich, Lewisham & Greenwich NHS Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.affiliation: Tourette syndrome Clinic, DCAMH, Great Ormond Street Hospital, WC1N 3JH London, UK.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D006801:Humans; D064086:Medical Marijuana / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000639:trends; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D018579:Patient Selection; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D064086:Medical Marijuana
keywords: Deep brain stimulation; Gilles de la Tourette syndrome; Pharmacotherapy; Pharmacothérapie; Psychotherapy; Psychothérapie; Stimulation cérébrale profonde; Syndrome Gilles de la Tourette; Tics