title: Do Executive Function and Impulsivity Predict Adolescent Health Behaviour after Accounting for Intelligence? Findings from the ALSPAC Cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Executive function, impulsivity, and intelligence are correlated markers of cognitive resource that predict health-related behaviours. It is unknown whether executive function and impulsivity are unique predictors of these behaviours after accounting for intelligence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 6069 participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children were analysed to investigate whether components of executive function (selective attention, attentional control, working memory, and response inhibition) and impulsivity (parent-rated) measured between ages 8 and 10, predicted having ever drunk alcohol, having ever smoked, fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, and overweight at age 13, after accounting for intelligence at age 8 and childhood socioeconomic characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher intelligence predicted having drunk alcohol, not smoking, greater fruit and vegetable consumption, and not being overweight. After accounting for intelligence, impulsivity predicted alcohol use (odds ratio = 1.10; 99% confidence interval = 1.02, 1.19) and smoking (1.22; 1.11, 1.34). Working memory predicted not being overweight (0.90; 0.81, 0.99).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After accounting for intelligence, executive function predicts overweight status but not health-related behaviours in early adolescence, whilst impulsivity predicts the onset of alcohol and cigarette use, all with small effects. This suggests overlap between executive function and intelligence as predictors of health behaviour in this cohort, with trait impulsivity accounting for additional variance.
authors.affiliation: Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kaidy
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9279-7042
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stautz
authors.affiliation: Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pechey
authors.affiliation: Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Dominique-Laurent
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Couturier
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ian J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Deary
authors.affiliation: Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Theresa M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Marteau
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000067697:Adolescent Health; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001288:Attention; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D014676:Diet, Vegetarian; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D050177:Overweight / Q000473:pathology; D012907:Smoking