title: Measles Virus Host Invasion and Pathogenesis.
abstract: Measles virus is a highly contagious negative strand RNA virus that is transmitted via the respiratory route and causes systemic disease in previously unexposed humans and non-human primates. Measles is characterised by fever and skin rash and usually associated with cough, coryza and conjunctivitis. A hallmark of measles is the transient immune suppression, leading to increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections. At the same time, the disease is paradoxically associated with induction of a robust virus-specific immune response, resulting in lifelong immunity to measles. Identification of CD150 and nectin-4 as cellular receptors for measles virus has led to new perspectives on tropism and pathogenesis. In vivo studies in non-human primates have shown that the virus initially infects CD150⁺ lymphocytes and dendritic cells, both in circulation and in lymphoid tissues, followed by virus transmission to nectin-4 expressing epithelial cells. The abilities of the virus to cause systemic infection, to transmit to numerous new hosts via droplets or aerosols and to suppress the host immune response for several months or even years after infection make measles a remarkable disease. This review briefly highlights current topics in studies of measles virus host invasion and pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands. b.laksono@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: Brigitta M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Laksono
authors.affiliation: Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands. r.d.devries@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: Rory D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University of Belfast, BT7 1NN Belfast, UK. s.mcquaid@qub.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McQuaid
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA. pduprex@bu.edu.
authors.forename: W Paul
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Duprex
authors.affiliation: Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands. r.deswart@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: Rik L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: de Swart
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D008459:Measles virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D011323:Primates
keywords: immune suppression; measles virus; pathogenesis; transmission; tropism