title: Handheld analyzer with on-chip molecularly-imprinted biosensors for electrical detection of propofol in plasma samples.
abstract: This paper proposes a novel handheld analyzer with disposable lab-on-a-chip technology for the electrical detection of the anesthetic propofol in human plasma samples for clinical diagnoses. The developed on-chip biosensors are based on the conduction of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) that employ label-free electrical detection techniques. Propofol in total intravenous anesthesia is widely used with a target-controlled infusion system. At present, the methods employed for detecting blood propofol concentrations in hospitals comprise high-performance liquid chromatography and ion mobility spectrometry. These conventional instruments are bulky, expensive, and difficult to access. In this study, we developed a novel plastic microfluidic biochip with an on-chip anesthetic biosensor that was characterized for the rapid detection of propofol concentrations. The experimental results revealed that the response time of the developed propofol biosensors was 25s. The specific binding of an MIP to a nonimprinted polymer (NIP) reached up to 560%. Moreover, the detection limit of the biosensors was 0.1μg/mL, with a linear detection range of 0.1-30μg/mL. The proposed disposable microfluidic biochip with an on-chip anesthetic biosensor using MIPs exhibited excellent performance in the separation and sensing of propofol molecules in the human plasma samples. Compared with large-scale conventional instruments, the developed microfluidic biochips with on-chip MIP biosensors present the advantages of a compact size, high selectivity, low cost, rapid response, and single-step detection.
authors.affiliation: BioMEMS and Nanobiosystems Laboratory, Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Electronic address: chong@pme.nthu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chien-Chong
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan. Electronic address: leisure@cgmh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Chian-Lang
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: BioMEMS and Nanobiosystems Laboratory, Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Zi-Xiang
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: BioMEMS and Nanobiosystems Laboratory, Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Meng-Hua
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pei-Wen
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Hsieh
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003217:Conductometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004209:Disposable Equipment; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D056656:Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; D008904:Miniaturization; D054802:Molecular Imprinting / Q000379:methods*; D000067716:Point-of-Care Testing; D015742:Propofol / Q000097:blood*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D015742:Propofol
keywords: Biosensor; Label-free electrical detection; Microfluidic chip; Molecularly imprinted polymer; Propofol