title: The Microbiome of Aseptically Collected Human Breast Tissue in Benign and Malignant Disease.
abstract: Globally breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women. The breast consists of epithelium, stroma and a mucosal immune system that make up a complex microenvironment. Growing awareness of the role of microbes in the microenvironment recently has led to a series of findings important for human health. The microbiome has been implicated in cancer development and progression at a variety of body sites including stomach, colon, liver, lung, and skin. In this study, we assessed breast tissue microbial signatures in intraoperatively obtained samples using 16S rDNA hypervariable tag sequencing. Our results indicate a distinct breast tissue microbiome that is different from the microbiota of breast skin tissue, breast skin swabs, and buccal swabs. Furthermore, we identify distinct microbial communities in breast tissues from women with cancer as compared to women with benign breast disease. Malignancy correlated with enrichment in taxa of lower abundance including the genera Fusobacterium, Atopobium, Gluconacetobacter, Hydrogenophaga and Lactobacillus. This work confirms the existence of a distinct breast microbiome and differences between the breast tissue microbiome in benign and malignant disease. These data provide a foundation for future investigation on the role of the breast microbiome in breast carcinogenesis and breast cancer prevention.
authors.affiliation: Division of Subspecialty General Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Tina J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hieken
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.|Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Tanya L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Hoskin
authors.affiliation: Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.|Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walther-Antonio
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Sheri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramaker
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Derek C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Radisky
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Keith L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Knutson
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Krishna R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Kalari
authors.affiliation: Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Janet Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, ville, USA.
authors.forename: Larry M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Baddour
authors.affiliation: Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.|Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.|Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chia
authors.affiliation: Division of Subspecialty General Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Amy C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Degnim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001207:Asepsis; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001940:Breast / Q000382:microbiology*; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D064307:Microbiota; D008875:Middle Aged; D010802:Phylogeny; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S