title: Health Concept and Knowledge Management: Twenty-five Years of Evolution.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The fields of health terminology, classification, ontology, and related information models have evolved dramatically over the past 25 years. Our objective was to review notable trends, described emerging or enabling technologies, and highlight major terminology systems during the interval.
  
  
  METHODS
  We review the progression in health terminology systems informed by our own experiences as part of the community involved in this work, reinforced with literature review and citation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The transformation in size, scope, complexity, and adoption of health terminological systems and information models has been tremendous, on the scale of orders of magnitude.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present "big science" era of inference and discovery in biomedicine would not have been possible or scalable absent the growth and maturation of health terminology systems and information models over the past 25 years.
authors.affiliation: Ronald Cornet, PhD, Visiting Associate Professor, Linköping University, Assistant Professor, Academisch Medisch Centrum, Medical Informatics, J1b-115, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands, E-Mail: r.cornet@amc.uva.nl.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cornet
authors.affiliation: Christopher G Chute, MD DrPH, Bloomberg Distinguished Professor of Health Informatics, Professor of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Chief Research Information Officer, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Division of General Internal Medicine, 2024 E Monument St, Suite 1-200, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA, E-Mail: chute@jhu.edu.
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Chute
mesh_terms: D002965:Classification; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D058436:Knowledge Management; D008490:Medical Informatics / Q000266:history / Q000639:trends*; D018875:Vocabulary, Controlled
keywords: Terminology; classification; information model; ontology