title: Stock Versus CAD/CAM Customized Zirconia Implant Abutments - Clinical and Patient-Based Outcomes in a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Single-tooth replacement often requires a prefabricated dental implant and a customized crown. The benefits of individualization of the abutment remain unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This randomized controlled clinical trial aims to study potential benefits of individualization of zirconia implant abutments with respect to preservation of marginal bone level and several clinical and patient-based outcome measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty participants with a missing premolar were included and randomly assigned to standard (ZirDesign, DentsplySirona Implants, Mölndal, Sweden) or computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) customized (Atlantis, DentsplySirona Implants, Mölndal, Sweden) zirconia abutment therapy. Peri-implant bone level (primary outcome), Plaque-index, calculus formation, bleeding on probing, gingiva index, probing pocket depth, recession, appearance of soft tissues and patients' contentment were assessed shortly after placement and one year later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No implants were lost and no complications related to the abutments were observed. Statistically significant differences between stock and CAD/CAM customized zirconia abutments could not be demonstrated for any of the operationalized variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of a CAD/CAM customized zirconia abutment in single tooth replacement of a premolar is not associated with an improvement in clinical performance or patients' contentment when compared to the use of a stock zirconia abutment.
authors.affiliation: Associate professor, Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5995-0735
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schepke
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.|Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Henny J A
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.affiliation: Associate professor, Department of Public and Individual Oral Health, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wouter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kerdijk
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gerry M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Raghoebar
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.|Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Prosthodontics and Special Dental Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cune
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000601:surgery*; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D003442:Crowns; D000044:Dental Abutments / Q000145:classification; D001840:Dental Bonding; D059605:Dental Implant-Abutment Design; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult; D015040:Zirconium
chemical_list: D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide
keywords: abutments; clinical study; computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing technology; marginal bone loss; patient satisfaction; randomized controlled trial; zirconia