title: Nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor gene variation is associated with smoking status in Japanese.
abstract: The endogenous opioid system has been reportedly implicated in tobacco/nicotine dependence.
  
  
  
  We examined the genetic effects of eight SNPs in opioid receptor-related genes on smoking status and smoking-related traits in Japanese.
  
  
  
  The genotypic and allelic variations of the rs2229205 SNP in the OPRL1 gene were significantly associated with smoking status, but no significant differences were found in the genetic variations of any of the SNPs with regard to smoking-related traits. The rs2229205 SNP did not show high linkage disequilibrium with the other SNPs in the linkage disequilibrium block that contained the SNP.
  
  
  
  The rs2229205 SNP in the OPRL1 gene may be a genetic factor that contributes to individual differences in the vulnerability to smoking in Japanese individuals.
authors.affiliation: Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasai
authors.affiliation: Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.affiliation: Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.affiliation: First Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathology, Iwata City Hospital, 512-3 Ookubo, Iwata, Shizuoka 438-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tanioka
authors.affiliation: First Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruhiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugimura
authors.affiliation: Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000235:genetics*; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D000094942:Nociceptin Receptor
chemical_list: D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D000094942:Nociceptin Receptor; C000722283:OPRL1 protein, human
keywords: FTND score; OPRL1 gene; TDS score; linkage disequilibrium; nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor; smoking status