title: Validity and reliability of a Turkish Brief Pain Inventory Short Form when used to evaluate musculoskeletal pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) is both a questionnaire and an outcome measure that is used widely in clinical trials to assess pain associated with many conditions. The BPI Short Form has been extensively translated into foreign languages. The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of a Turkish Brief Pain Inventory Short Form (BPI-TR) to evaluate musculoskeletal pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 297 patients with musculoskeletal pain participated in the study. Demographic characteristics and brief medical histories were recorded. Pain intensity was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and quality-of-life was assessed using the Short Form 36 (SF-36). Pain was evaluated using the BPI-TR in all patients. Internal consistency and test-retest analysis were used to assess reliability. The internal consistency of the scale items was assessed by calculating Cronbach's α value, which was expected to be > 0.7. The criterion validity of the BPI-TR was assessed by correlation with VAS scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain intensity, pain interference, and other components of the Turkish version were consistent with validity thereof. Cronbach's α was 0.84 for pain intensity and 0.89 for pain interference. The extent of BPI-TR and VAS correlation was statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BPI-TR may be used for assessment of musculoskeletal pain.
authors.affiliation: GOP Taksim Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Evrim Coskun
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.affiliation: GOP Taksim Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ebru Yilmaz
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Yalcinkaya
authors.affiliation: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Funda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Atamaz
authors.affiliation: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Metin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karatas
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kadriye
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ones
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tezgul
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sezer
authors.affiliation: Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Imran
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Eren
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nurdan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Paker
authors.affiliation: Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Ibrahima
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gning
authors.affiliation: Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Tito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.affiliation: Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cleeland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D063189:Symptom Assessment; D014175:Translating; D014421:Turkey
keywords: Brief Pain Inventory; Pain assessment instrument; musculoskeletal pain