title: Frequency of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in Jordanian lung adenocarcinoma patients at diagnosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Somatic mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene have been associated with tumor response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and favorable outcome in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The activating mutations that confer sensitivity to EGFR TKIs are present in the TK domain of the EGFR gene. This study aims to report on the prevalence of EGFR mutations in NSCLC and non-squamous lung cancer patients at diagnosis, using genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) obtained from paraffin-embedded tissue samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected formalin.fixed, paraffin.embedded. (FFPE) tissue samples from 166. cases of lungadenocarcinomas referring to Jordan University Hospital and King Hussein Cancer Center between 2007 and first half of 2013. None of the patients met the definition of never smoker defined as those who smoked less than 100 cigarettes in their lifetime. We evaluated EGFR mutations by nested polymerase chain reaction. (PCR) followed by direct sequencing of the EGFR kinase domain from exon 18 to 21.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six different point mutations were detected in 24 patients (14.46%) of the study population. The resultant mutations were as follows: Ten patients have deletion in exon 19, sevenpatients have L858R, two patients have L861P, and one of each of the following: A735T, D770_N771 insY, L858P, L861Q, and G917C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study revealed that the EGFR mutations rate in Jordanian patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung was higher than in African-American, and some white Caucasian patients, and was lower than in patients in East Asia, and other countries of South Asia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Natheir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Obeidat
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University Hospital; Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular Hematology Oncology Laboratory, Jordan University Hospital; Department of Internal Medicine, Cell Therapy Center, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Abdalla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Awidi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cell Therapy Center, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Nidaa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ababneh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Maha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shomaf
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Tariq
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Al-Adaily
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jaber
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular Hematology Oncology Laboratory, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Khateeb
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Salah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abbasi
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics*; D000077192:Adenocarcinoma of Lung; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation
chemical_list: C512478:EGFR protein, human; D066246:ErbB Receptors