title: Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Isolated from Cattle Feces in United States Feedlots in 2011.
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of Salmonella spp. isolated from feces of cattle in feedlots in the United States. Fecal samples were collected from up to three pens of cattle in each of 68 feedlots in 12 states. Samples included up to 25 individual fecal pats from the pen floors and up to five composite samples from the floors of the same pens. The prevalence of Salmonella-positive samples was 9.1% (460/5050) and 11.3% (114/1009) for individual and composite samples, respectively. The prevalences of Salmonella at the pen level were 35.6% (72/202) and 22.8% (46/202) for individual and composite samples, respectively. Dietary factors, including inclusion of cottonseed hulls, coccidiostats, and antimicrobial drugs, were associated with differences in prevalence of Salmonella isolation. Overall, 32 serotypes of Salmonella were identified, but six serotypes accounted for 69.1% (495/716) of the isolates. Nearly two-thirds (64.7%, 44/68) of feedlots had at least one positive sample. All isolates were evaluated for susceptibility to a panel of 15 antimicrobial drugs. Most isolates (74.4%, 533/716) were susceptible to all antimicrobial drugs in the panel. When resistance was detected, it was most commonly to tetracycline (21.7%, 155/716 of isolates) or sulfisoxazole (12.4%, 89/716 of isolates). Less than 10% of the isolates were resistant to any other antimicrobials in the panel. The results of this study indicate that the prevalence of Salmonella in individual fecal samples was less than 10%, but that Salmonella is widely distributed among feedlot cattle. Furthermore, when Salmonella is present in feedlot cattle, there is a low occurrence of antimicrobial resistance with the exception of tetracycline and sulfisoxazole. More research is indicated to understand the ecology of Salmonella and antimicrobial resistance, when present, in cattle-feeding operations.
authors.affiliation: 1 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health , Fort Collins, Colorado.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Dargatz
authors.affiliation: 1 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health , Fort Collins, Colorado.
authors.forename: Christine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Kopral
authors.affiliation: 2 U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Veterinary Services Laboratories , Ames, Iowa.
authors.forename: Matthew M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Erdman
authors.affiliation: 3 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit , Athens, Georgia .
authors.forename: Paula J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Fedorka-Cray
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000145:classification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D010641:Phenotype; D015995:Prevalence; D012475:Salmonella / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012703:Serotyping; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents