title: The Economic Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease.
abstract: The growing prevalence and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) raises concerns about our capacity to manage its economic burden to patients, caregivers, and society. The societal direct and indirect costs of CKD and end-stage renal disease are substantial and increase throughout disease progression. There is significant variability in the evidence about direct and indirect costs attributable to CKD and end-stage renal disease, with the most complete evidence concentrated on direct health care costs of patients with advanced to end-stage CKD. There are substantial gaps in evidence that need to be filled to inform clinical practice and policy.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Health Services Research and Development, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC. Electronic address: virginia.wang@duke.edu.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Helene
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vilme
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Health Services Research and Development, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Maciejewski
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: L Ebony
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Boulware
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D018450:Disease Progression; D004526:Efficiency; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000191:economics*; D061213:Mortality, Premature; D000069597:Presenteeism / Q000191:economics*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000191:economics*
keywords: Chronic kidney disease; costs; economics; end-stage renal disease