title: New translational perspectives for blood-based biomarkers of PTSD: From glucocorticoid to immune mediators of stress susceptibility.
abstract: Although biological systems have evolved to promote stress-resilience, there is variation in stress-responses. Understanding the biological basis of such individual differences has implications for understanding Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) etiology, which is a maladaptive response to trauma occurring only in a subset of vulnerable individuals. PTSD involves failure to reinstate physiological homeostasis after traumatic events and is due to either intrinsic or trauma-related alterations in physiological systems across the body. Master homeostatic regulators that circulate and operate throughout the organism, such as stress hormones (e.g., glucocorticoids) and immune mediators (e.g., cytokines), are at the crossroads of peripheral and central susceptibility pathways and represent promising functional biomarkers of stress-response and target for novel therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mental Health Patient Care Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA. Electronic address: nikolaos.daskalakis@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Nikolaos P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Daskalakis
authors.affiliation: Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Ministry of Health Mental Health Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: Hagit
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Caroline M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Nievergelt
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Dewleen G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Buxbaum
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Scott J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mental Health Patient Care Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yehuda
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D005938:Glucocorticoids
keywords: Biomarkers; Glucocorticoids; Immune system; Individual differences; Novel treatments; PTSD; Stress