title: Association of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 gene polymorphisms with plasma levels of IGF-1 and acne severity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polymorphisms of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 gene consisting of variable cytosine adenosine repeats in the promoter region may directly influence the expression of IGF-1.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to assess the role of IGF-1 gene polymorphisms in determination of plasma IGF-1 levels, acne, and its severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this case-control study, 80 patients with acne vulgaris of 4 severity grades as per Global Acne Grading System and 80 age- and gender-matched control subjects without acne were studied. All the study subjects were without any disorder or a history of drug intake likely to affect IGF-1 level within a year before the study inclusion date. IGF-1 polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction and plasma levels of IGF-1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Acne severity was assessed by Global Acne Grading System.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean plasma IGF-1 level in acne cases was significantly higher than in non-acne controls (P = .04). Plasma IGF-1 level positively correlated with severity of acne (P = .01). Individuals homozygous for the 192-base pair (bp) allele had 4.29 times odds risk (95% confidence interval 1.38-13.33) of having acne and a significantly higher mean level of IGF-1 compared with non-192/non-192 participants. Individuals homozygous for the 192-bp allele had 3.08 times odds risk (95% confidence interval 1.15- 8.31) of having higher severity grade of acne compared with non-192/non-192 participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A relatively small number of participants were studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma IGF-1 levels positively correlate with severity of acne. The 192/192 homozygotes had higher risk of acne and higher severity grade of acne. Functional studies showing the relationship between IGF-1 promoter level polymorphism and actual gene expression in skin are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Shekh Mohammad Amanur
authors.initials: SMA
authors.lastname: Rahaman
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. Electronic address: dr_dipankar_de@yahoo.in.
authors.forename: Dipankar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Sanjeev
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Handa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Arnab
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Naresh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sachdeva
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Tulikalipi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Parul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kamboj
mesh_terms: D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
keywords: acne; acne severity; insulin-like growth factor-1; polymorphism