title: Growth development in children with congenital hypothyroidism: the effect of screening and treatment variables-a comprehensive longitudinal study.
abstract: Investigating the screening and early treatment factors potentially affects the growth status of the patients with congenital hypothyroidism. In a longitudinal study, 760 (45 % girl) neonates born in 2002-2009 with congenital hypothyroidism diagnosed by neonatal screening in Isfahan-Iran were followed up to 5 years from the time of diagnosis (i.e., 3-4 records for the first year of age and 2-3 records after that). During follow-up, height, weight, and head circumferences of the patients were measured. Diagnostic and therapeutic factors included serum thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone concentration at diagnosis and after treatment initiation, the age at onset of treatment, the first therapeutic dosage, and age at first normalization of thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone. Quantile regression for longitudinal data was used for determining the effects of main factors on growth development. Longitudinal growth in height and weight was significantly correlated with the age at onset of treatment and the first therapeutic dosage (p < 0.01), while head circumference only with first therapeutic dosage (p < 0.05). Growth in weight and head circumference was affected by thyroid stimulating hormone at the time of diagnosis (p < 0.05). Also the age of thyroxine normalization had heterogeneous significant impact over the proposed quantiles on weight (p < 0.05), height (p < 0.01), and head circumference (p < 0.001). Among studied factors, the first therapeutic dosage, age at onset of treatment and age of thyroxine normalization seem to be more important for anthropometric development, suggesting that more optimal outcome might be achievable through earlier treatment and appropriate levothyroxine dosage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Heidari
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. awat_feiz@hlth.mui.ac.ir.|Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. awat_feiz@hlth.mui.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Awat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Feizi
authors.affiliation: Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. hashemipour@med.mui.ac.ir.|Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. hashemipour@med.mui.ac.ir.|Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. hashemipour@med.mui.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mahin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashemipour
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.|Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.|Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Roya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kelishadi
authors.affiliation: Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.|Department of Internal Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Massoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amini
mesh_terms: D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003409:Congenital Hypothyroidism / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007492:Iran; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D015997:Neonatal Screening; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood*; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D013972:Thyrotropin; D013974:Thyroxine
keywords: Congenital hypothyroidism; Growth; Head circumferences; Height; Neonatal screening; Weight