title: Reporting Military Sexual Trauma: A Mixed-Methods Study of Women Veterans' Experiences Who Served From World War II to the War in Afghanistan.
abstract: Since 2004, there has been increased effort to reduce military sexual trauma (MST) in the U.S. military. Although MST covers a range of inappropriate behaviors, the majority of research, treatment, and outreach are focused on sexual assault and the experiences of individuals serving in Afghanistan and Iraq. During a study on veterans' involvement in a national peace organization, participants were asked about their military experiences. Veterans served from World War II to current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Emerging out of the responses were descriptions of women's experiences with MST, barriers to reporting incidents of sexual misconduct and sexual assault, and the challenges they faced when seeking care. Data were gathered using anonymous questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Out of 52 female veterans, the majority (90%) was subjected to at least one form of MST, and 15% (8) attempted to report the incident(s). Over half of the assailants were of a higher rank than the survivors. The majority of veterans remained silent due to lack of options to report, the status of perpetrators, and fear of retaliation. These data provide a glimpse into the challenges many women veterans faced when seeking assistance reporting incidents or obtaining health care for their MST.
authors.affiliation: VA National Center for Patient Safety Field Office, 215 North Main Street, White River Junction, VT 05009.
authors.forename: Kristina B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.affiliation: VA National Center for Patient Safety Field Office, 215 North Main Street, White River Junction, VT 05009.
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Mills
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D055826:Afghan Campaign 2001-; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D054542:Iraq War, 2003-2011; D008875:Middle Aged; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology*; D047789:World War II