title: Role of Lipids in the Onset, Progression and Treatment of Periodontal Disease. A Systematic Review of Studies in Humans.
abstract: The risk of different oral problems (root caries, tooth mobility, and tooth loss) can be increased by the presence of periodontal disease, which has also been associated with a growing list of systemic diseases. The presence of some bacteria is the primary etiology of this disease; a susceptible host is also necessary for disease initiation. In this respect, the progression of periodontal disease and healing of the periodontal tissues can be modulated by nutritional status. To clarify the role of lipids in the establishment, progression, and/or treatment of this pathology, a systematic review was conducted of English-written literature in PubMed until May 2016, which included research on the relationship of these dietary components with the onset and progression of periodontal disease. According to publication type, randomized-controlled trials, cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies were included. Among all the analyzed components, those that have any effect on oxidative stress and/or inflammation seem to be the most interesting according to current evidence. On one hand, there is quite a lot of information in favor of a positive role of n-3 fatty acids, due to their antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. On the other hand, saturated fat-rich diets increase oxidative stress as well the as intensity and duration of inflammatory processes, so they must be avoided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix", University of Granada, Biomedical Research Center, Avda. Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Armilla, Spain. alvarela@ugr.es.
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varela-López
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facolt&#224; di Medicina, Universit&#224; Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy. f.giampieri@univpm.it.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giampieri
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomalogy, Dental School, University of Sevilla, C/Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain. pbullon@us.es.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bullón
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facolt&#224; di Medicina, Universit&#224; Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy. m.a.battino@univpm.it.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Battino
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix", University of Granada, Biomedical Research Center, Avda. Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Armilla, Spain. jlquiles@ugr.es.
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Quiles
mesh_terms: D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids
keywords: diet; fatty acids; nutrition; oral health; periodontitis; polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)