title: Pathogenesis of Korean SapelovirusA in piglets and chicks.
abstract: Sapelovirus A (SV-A), formerly known as porcine sapelovirus as a member of a new genus Sapelovirus, is known to cause enteritis, pneumonia, polioencephalomyelitis and reproductive disorders in pigs. We have recently identified α2,3-linked sialic acid on GD1a ganglioside as a functional SV-A receptor rich in the cells of pigs and chickens. However, the role of GD1a in viral pathogenesis remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that a Korean SV-A strain could induce diarrhoea and intestinal pathology in piglets but not in chicks. Moreover, this Korean SV-A strain had mild extra-intestinal tropisms appearing as mild, non-suppurative myelitis, encephalitis and pneumonia in piglets, but not in chicks. By real-time reverse transcription (RT) PCR, higher viral RNA levels were detected in faecal samples than in sera or extra-intestinal organs from virus-inoculated piglets. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that high viral antigens were detected in the epithelial cells of intestines from virus-inoculated piglets but not from chicks. This Korean SV-A strain could bind the cultured cell lines originated from various species, but replication occurred only in cells of porcine origin. These data indicated that this Korean SV-A strain could replicate and induce pathology in piglets but not in chicks, suggesting that additional porcine-specific factors are required for virus entry and replication. In addition, this Korean SV-A strain is enteropathogenic, but could spread to the bloodstream from the gut and disseminate to extra-intestinal organs and tissues. These results will contribute to our understanding of SV-A pathogenesis so that efficient anti-sapelovirus drugs and vaccines could be developed in the future.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Deok-Song
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mun-Il
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu-Yeol
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Son
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Geon-Yong
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Bak
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jun-Gyu
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Myra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosmillo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ja-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Yun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mia Madel
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Alfajaro
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soliman
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeong-Bin
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Hyo
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Chonnam National University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ju-Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Soon
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Goodfellow
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung-Oh
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D007422:Intestines / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D010849:Picornaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D014774:Virulence