title: Cultural Differences in Values as Self-Guides.
abstract: Three studies tested whether individualism-collectivism moderates the extent to which values are endorsed as ideal self-guides and ought self-guides, and the consequences for regulatory focus and emotion. Across Studies 1 and 2, individualists endorsed values that are relatively central to the self as stronger ideals than oughts, whereas collectivists endorsed them as ideals and oughts to a similar degree. Study 2 found that individualists justified central values using reasons that were more promotion focused than prevention focused, whereas collectivists used similar amount of prevention-focused and promotion-focused reasons. In Study 3, individualists felt more dejected after violating a central (vs. peripheral) value and more agitated after violating a peripheral (vs. central) value. Collectivists felt a similar amount of dejection regardless of values centrality and more agitation after violating central (vs. peripheral) values. Overall, culture has important implications for how we regulate values that are central or peripheral to our self-concept.
authors.affiliation: University of Southampton, UK W.Y.Cheung@soton.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Wing-Yee
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: Cardiff University, UK.
authors.forename: Gregory R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Maio
authors.affiliation: University of Gloucestershire, Cheltenham, UK.
authors.forename: Kerry J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Rees
authors.affiliation: Karnatak University, Dharwad, India.
authors.forename: Shanmukh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamble
authors.affiliation: Karnatak University, Dharwad, India.
authors.forename: Sangeetha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mane
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012649:Self Concept; D012945:Social Values; D006113:United Kingdom; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: affect; culture; regulatory focus; self-guide; values