title: Low-molecular-weight fucoidan and high-stability fucoxanthin from brown seaweed exert prebiotics and anti-inflammatory activities in Caco-2 cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of low-molecular-weight fucoidan (LMF) and high-stability fucoxanthin (HS-Fucox) in a lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory Caco-2 cell line co-culture with B. lactis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used various methods such as transepithelial resistance (TER) assay, cytokine secretion assay, and tight junction protein mRNA expression assay to examine LMF and HS-Fucox anti-inflammatory properties.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LMF and HS-Fucox activated probiotic growth and reduced the inflammation of the intestinal epithelial cells. Moreover, the combination of LMFHS-Fucox dramatically enhanced the intestinal epithelial barrier and immune function against the lipopolysaccharide effect by inhibiting IL-1β and TNF-α and promoting IL-10 and IFN-γ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggested that LMF and HS-Fucox, alone or in combination, could be the potential natural compounds to enhance the immune system and have an anti-inflammatory effect on the intestinal cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pai-An
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Hồ Chí Minh, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Nam Nhut
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Phan
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Jung
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Bui Thi
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Ngoc Hieu
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan; lyc10@ulive.pccu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Yen-Chang
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lin
keywords: anti-inflammatory; fucoxanthin; low-molecular-weight fucoidan; prebiotics