title: Diagnostic Work-Up of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms.
abstract: The goal of work-up of lower urinary tract symptoms is to establish the severity and cause of lower urinary tract symptoms and to predict with certainty which patients will respond to which treatments. Clinical guidelines exist to guide urologists in decision-making. All patients need a medical history with a validated symptom score, a physical examination, and a urinalysis. Prostate-specific antigen, postvoid urine residual, and peak urine flow rate provide additional information at little cost. For more invasive testing high-level data are lacking and guidelines defer to the urologist. Even the most extensive work-up is imperfect, and thus the attempt to balance costs with benefits of invasive testing.
authors.affiliation: Urology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 Southwest Bond Avenue, CH10U, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hecht
authors.affiliation: Urology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 Southwest Bond Avenue, CH10U, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Electronic address: hedgesja@ohsu.edu.
authors.forename: Jason C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hedges
mesh_terms: D003950:Diagnostic Techniques, Urological; D006801:Humans; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016482:Urinalysis; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Benign prostatic hyperplasia; Bladder outlet obstruction; Diagnosis; Lower urinary tract symptoms; Prostatic enlargement; Testing; Work-up