title: The Effect of Using Self-ligating Brackets on Maxillary Canine Retraction: A Split-mouth Design Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The results of previous studies about the efficacy of using self-ligating brackets (SLBs) in controlling canine movement during retraction are not in harmony. Therefore, the current study aimed to compare the effects of using new passive SLBs on maxillary canine retraction with sliding mechanics vs conventional ligating brackets (CLBs) tied with metal ligatures.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample comprised 15 adult patients (4 males, 11 females; 18-24 years) requiring bilateral extraction of maxillary first premolars. Units of randomization are the left or right maxillary canines within the same patient. The two maxillary canines in each patient were randomly assigned to one of the two groups in a simple split-mouth design. The canines in the SLBs group (n = 15) were bracketed with SLBs (Damon Q™), while the canines in the CLBs group (n = 15) were bracketed with conventional brackets (Mini Master Series). Transpalatal bars were used for anchorage. After leveling and alignment, 0.019 × 0.025" stainless steel working archwires were placed. Canines were retracted using a nickel-titanium close-coil springs with a 150 gm force. The amount and rate of maxillary canine retraction, canine rotation, and loss of anchorage were measured on study models collected at the beginning of canine retraction (T0) and 12 weeks later (T1). Differences were analyzed using paired-samples t-tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The effect differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Using Damon Q™ SLBs, the amount and rate of canine retraction were greater, while canine rotation and anchorage loss were less.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From a clinical perspective, extraction space closure can be accomplished more effectively using SLBs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-ligating brackets gave better results compared to the CLBs in terms of rate of movement, amount of canine rotation following extraction, and anchorage loss.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Damascus Dental School, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic.
authors.forename: Siba E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of Damascus Dental School, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic, Phone: +963940404840, e-mail: myhajeer@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Hajeer
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Aleppo Dental School, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic.
authors.forename: Osama H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Alali
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Damascus Dental School, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic.
authors.forename: Ayham S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kaddah
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003481:Cuspid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anchorage loss; Canine retraction; Conventional brackets; Randomized clinical trial; Self-ligating.