title: Auxin Is Rapidly Induced by Herbivore Attack and Regulates a Subset of Systemic, Jasmonate-Dependent Defenses.
abstract: Plant responses to herbivore attack are regulated by phytohormonal networks. To date, the role of the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in this context is not well understood. We quantified and manipulated the spatiotemporal patterns of IAA accumulation in herbivore-attacked Nicotiana attenuata plants to unravel its role in the regulation of plant secondary metabolism. We found that IAA is strongly, rapidly, and specifically induced by herbivore attack. IAA is elicited by herbivore oral secretions and fatty acid conjugate elicitors and is accompanied by a rapid transcriptional increase of auxin biosynthetic YUCCA-like genes. IAA accumulation starts 30 to 60 s after local induction and peaks within 5 min after induction, thereby preceding the jasmonate (JA) burst. IAA accumulation does not require JA signaling and spreads rapidly from the wound site to systemic tissues. Complementation and transport inhibition experiments reveal that IAA is required for the herbivore-specific, JA-dependent accumulation of anthocyanins and phenolamides in the stems. In contrast, IAA does not affect the accumulation of nicotine or 7-hydroxygeranyllinalool diterpene glycosides in the same tissue. Taken together, our results uncover IAA as a rapid and specific signal that regulates a subset of systemic, JA-dependent secondary metabolites in herbivore-attacked plants.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (R.A.R.M., C.A.M.R., C.C.M.A., A.P.F., S.X., G.H.J.-A., I.T.B., M.E.);Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland (R.A.R.M., C.A.M.R., C.C.M.A., M.E.); andDepartamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Brazil (C.C.M.A.).
authors.forename: Ricardo A R
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (R.A.R.M., C.A.M.R., C.C.M.A., A.P.F., S.X., G.H.J.-A., I.T.B., M.E.);Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland (R.A.R.M., C.A.M.R., C.C.M.A., M.E.); andDepartamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Brazil (C.C.M.A.).
authors.forename: Christelle A M
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Robert
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (R.A.R.M., C.A.M.R., C.C.M.A., A.P.F., S.X., G.H.J.-A., I.T.B., M.E.);Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland (R.A.R.M., C.A.M.R., C.C.M.A., M.E.); andDepartamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Brazil (C.C.M.A.).
authors.forename: Carla C M
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Arce
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (R.A.R.M., C.A.M.R., C.C.M.A., A.P.F., S.X., G.H.J.-A., I.T.B., M.E.);Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland (R.A.R.M., C.A.M.R., C.C.M.A., M.E.); andDepartamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Brazil (C.C.M.A.).
authors.forename: Abigail P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ferrieri
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (R.A.R.M., C.A.M.R., C.C.M.A., A.P.F., S.X., G.H.J.-A., I.T.B., M.E.);Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland (R.A.R.M., C.A.M.R., C.C.M.A., M.E.); andDepartamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Brazil (C.C.M.A.).
authors.forename: Shuqing
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7010-4604
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (R.A.R.M., C.A.M.R., C.C.M.A., A.P.F., S.X., G.H.J.-A., I.T.B., M.E.);Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland (R.A.R.M., C.A.M.R., C.C.M.A., M.E.); andDepartamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Brazil (C.C.M.A.).
authors.forename: Guillermo H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Jimenez-Aleman
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (R.A.R.M., C.A.M.R., C.C.M.A., A.P.F., S.X., G.H.J.-A., I.T.B., M.E.);Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland (R.A.R.M., C.A.M.R., C.C.M.A., M.E.); andDepartamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Brazil (C.C.M.A.).
authors.forename: Ian T
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5371-2974
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Baldwin
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (R.A.R.M., C.A.M.R., C.C.M.A., A.P.F., S.X., G.H.J.-A., I.T.B., M.E.);Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland (R.A.R.M., C.A.M.R., C.C.M.A., M.E.); andDepartamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Brazil (C.C.M.A.) matthias.erb@ips.unibe.ch.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4446-9834
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erb
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D060434:Herbivory / Q000502:physiology*; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D018402:Manduca / Q000502:physiology; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D003517:Cyclopentanes; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D054883:Oxylipins; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D010940:Plant Proteins; C011006:jasmonic acid