title: Effect of Tributyltin, Cadmium, and Their Combination on Physiological Responses in Juvenile Grass Carp.
abstract: Tributyltin (TBT) and cadmium (Cd) are two common pollutants in aquatic environments. This study was designed to examine the physiological responses of juvenile Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella to TBT, Cd, and their combination. Fish were apportioned into a control group, a TBT group (7.5 μg/L), a Cd group (2.97 mg/L), and a TBT-Cd group (7.5 μg/L TBT, 2.97 mg/L Cd(2+)) for 7 d. The following activities were measured: Na(+),K(+)-ATPase in gill tissues; nitric oxide synthase (NOS), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and monoamine oxidase (MAO) in brain tissues; and lipid peroxidation (LPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), and glutathione (GSH) in liver tissues. Cadmium-induced stress was suggested by alterations in antioxidant responses (MDA, LPO, and T-AOC) and neurological parameters (AChE, MAO, and NOS). Cadmium also induced Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and GSH activity. Compared with the responses among the Cd group, the combination of TBT and Cd not only decreased the level of GSH and Na(+),K(+)-ATPase but also increased the levels of MDA, LPO, AChE, MAO, and NOS. These results suggest that a combination of TBT and Cd could reduce the adverse effects of Cd on Grass Carp. However, the exact mechanisms for the combined effects TBT and Cd on these biomarkers require further investigation. Received September 28, 2015; accepted April 17, 2016.
authors.affiliation: a College of Fisheries , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei 430070 , China.|b Ministry of Agriculture , Key Field Station for Fishery Resources and the Environment in Upper-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River and Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation , Wuhan 430223 , China.|c Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Wuhan 430223 , China.
authors.forename: Wei-Na
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: b Ministry of Agriculture , Key Field Station for Fishery Resources and the Environment in Upper-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River and Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation , Wuhan 430223 , China.|c Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Wuhan 430223 , China.|d Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology , University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice , Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany , Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Zhi-Hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: b Ministry of Agriculture , Key Field Station for Fishery Resources and the Environment in Upper-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River and Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation , Wuhan 430223 , China.|c Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Wuhan 430223 , China.
authors.forename: Li-Qiao
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: b Ministry of Agriculture , Key Field Station for Fishery Resources and the Environment in Upper-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River and Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation , Wuhan 430223 , China.|c Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Wuhan 430223 , China.|e Ministry of Education , Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development , Chongqing 400715 , China.|f Key Laboratory of Aquatic Sciences of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing 400719 , China.
authors.forename: Yan-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D002347:Carps / Q000378:metabolism*; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002104:Cadmium; C011559:tributyltin