title: β-(1→3)-Glucan of the Southern Bracket Mushroom, Ganoderma australe (Agaricomycetes), Stimulates Phagocytosis and Interleukin-6 Production in Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages.
abstract: Ganoderma australe was studied to determine the composition of the cell wall, and polysaccharide fraction SK5 was obtained after freeze-thawing an aqueous 5% potassium hydroxide extraction. The monosaccharide composition of the SK5 fraction revealed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed 81.3% glucose, and analyses by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed a β-glucan with glycosidic links of the (1→3)-β type and most likely 4-O substituted. In addition, the biological effect of the β-glucan from G. australe was evaluated via in vitro cell cultures of peritoneal macrophages isolated from Swiss mice. Biological assays were assessed for toxicity and cell activation, interleukin-6 cytokine concentrations, and the ability to stimulate phagocytic activity. There was an increase in interleukin-6 by approximately 111% with 1.0 µg/mL of polysaccharide, and phagocyte activity was increased in all concentrations examined, obtaining 52.3% with 0.25 µg/mL polysaccharide. The results indicate that a β-(1→3)-glucan isolated from G. australe can be classified as a biological response modifier.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciencias Medicas e Farmaceuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, Cascavel, Parana, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renan Henrique
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: de Melo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alex Evangelista
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: do Amaral
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciencias Medicas e Farmaceuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, Cascavel, Parana, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael Andrade
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Menolli
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciencias Medicas e Farmaceuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, Cascavel, Parana, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thais Soprani
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Ayala
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciencias Medicas e Farmaceuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, Cascavel, Parana, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Cassia Garcia Simao
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquimica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
authors.forename: Arquimedes Paixao
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: de Santana-Filho
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquimica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
authors.forename: Guilherme Lanzi
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Sassaki
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciencias Medicas e Farmaceuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, Cascavel, Parana, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marina Kimiko
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kadowaki
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciencias Medicas e Farmaceuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, Cascavel, Parana, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jose Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: da Conceicao Silva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry; D032902:Ganoderma / Q000737:chemistry*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011134:Polysaccharides; D047071:beta-Glucans; C577686:interleukin-6, mouse