title: Consumption of alcoholic beverages in adolescence and adulthood and risk of testicular germ cell tumor.
abstract: The etiology of testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) remains obscure and accumulating evidence suggests that postnatal environmental or lifestyle factors may play a role. To investigate whether consumption of alcoholic beverages during adolescence or adulthood is associated with TGCT risk, we analyzed data from a USA population-based case-control study of 540 18-44 year-old TGCT cases and 1,280 age-matched controls. Participants were queried separately about consumption of beer, wine and liquor during grades 7-8, grades 9-12 and the 5 years before reference date (date of diagnosis for cases and corresponding date for controls). We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of TGCT risk with alcoholic beverage consumption during the different periods, both total and by specific beverage types and separately for seminomas and nonseminomas. Compared with nondrinkers in the 5 years before reference date, the OR (95% CI) for 1-6, 7-13 and ≥14 drinks per week were 1.20 (0.85, 1.69), 1.23 (0.81, 1.85) and 1.56 (1.03, 2.37), respectively (p-trend = 0.04). The corresponding results for alcohol consumption in grades 9-12 were 1.39 (1.06, 1.82), 1.07 (0.72, 1.60), 1.53 (1.01, 2.31) (p-trend = 0.05). Alcohol consumption in grades 7-8 was uncommon and no statistically significant associations with TGCT were observed. Associations with alcohol consumption in the 5 years before reference date appeared stronger for nonseminomas than for seminomas, but the differences were not statistically significant (p≥0.10). Associations were similar across different alcoholic beverage types. Consumption of alcoholic beverages may be associated with an increased TGCT risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Mary L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Biggs
authors.affiliation: Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Doody
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD.
authors.forename: Britton
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Trabert
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.|Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA.|Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Jacqueline R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Starr
authors.affiliation: Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA.|Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Chu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. sschwart@fhcrc.org.|Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. sschwart@fhcrc.org.
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014861:Washington / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: alcohol drinking; epidemiology; nonseminoma; seminoma; testicular germ cell tumor