title: Randomized controlled trial of the Valencia model of waking hypnosis plus CBT for pain, fatigue, and sleep management in patients with cancer and cancer survivors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study evaluated the efficacy of an intervention combining the Valencia model of waking hypnosis with cognitive-behavioral therapy (VMWH-CBT) in managing cancer-related pain, fatigue, and sleep problems in individuals with active cancer or who were post-treatment survivors. We hypothesized that four sessions of VMWH-CBT would result in greater improvement in participants' symptoms than four sessions of an education control intervention. Additionally, we examined the effects on several secondary outcome domains that are associated with increases in these symptoms (depression, pain interference, pain catastrophizing, and cancer treatment distress).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study design was a randomized controlled crossover clinical trial comparing the VMWH-CBT intervention with education control. Participants (N = 44) received four sessions of both treatments, in a counterbalanced order (n = 22 per order condition).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants were 89% female (N = 39) with mean age of 61 years (SD = 12.2). They reported significantly greater improvement after receiving the active treatment relative to the control condition in all the outcome measures. Treatment gains were maintained at 3-month follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports the beneficial effects of the VMWH-CBT intervention relative to a control condition and that treatment gains remain stable. VMWH-CBT-trained clinicians should be accessible for managing symptoms both during and after cancer treatment, though the findings need to be replicated in larger samples of cancer survivors.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.affiliation: Personalitat, Avaluació i Tractaments Psicològics, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Capafons
authors.affiliation: Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gralow
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Syrjala
authors.affiliation: Mètodes de Investigació i Diagnòstic en Educació, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Suárez-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry and Psychology Service, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Fann
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000073116:Cancer Survivors; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003863:Depression; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006990:Hypnosis / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D010146:Pain / Q000150:complications; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: cancer; fatigue; insomnia; oncology; pain; waking hypnosis