title: Ionic liquid coated carbon nanospheres as a new adsorbent for fast solid phase extraction of trace copper and lead from sea water, wastewater, street dust and spice samples.
abstract: In this study a new adsorbent, ionic liquid (1,8-naphthalene monoimide bearing imidazolium salt) coated carbon nanospheres, was synthesized for the first time and it was used for the solid phase extraction of copper and lead from various samples prior to determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The ionic liquid, carbon nanospheres and ionic liquid coated carbon nanospheres were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR, Brunauer, Emmett and Teller surface area and zeta potential measurements. Various parameters for method optimization such as pH, adsorption and elution contact times, eluent volume, type and concentration, centrifuge time, sample volume, adsorption capacity and possible interfering ion effects were tested. The optimum pH was 6. The preconcentration factor, detection limits, adsorption capacity and precision (as RSD%) of the method were found to be 300-fold, 0.30µgL(-1), 60mgg(-1) and 1.1% for copper and 300-fold, 1.76µgL(-1); 50.3mgg(-1) and 2.2%, for lead, respectively. The effect of contact time results showed that copper and lead were adsorbed and desorbed from the adsorbent without vortexing. The equilibrium between analyte and adsorbent is reached very quickly. The method was rather selective for matrix ions in high concentrations. The accuracy of the developed method was confirmed by analyzing certified reference materials (LGC6016 Estuarine Water, Reference Material 8704 Buffalo River Sediment, and BCR-482 Lichen) and by spiking sea water, wastewater, street dust and spice samples.
authors.affiliation: Erciyes University, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, TR-38039 Kayseri, Turkey. Electronic address: serifet@erciyes.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Şerife
authors.initials: Ş
authors.lastname: Tokalıoğlu
authors.affiliation: Erciyes University, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, TR-38039 Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Emre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yavuz
authors.affiliation: Erciyes University, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, TR-38039 Kayseri, Turkey; Erciyes University, Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, TR-38039 Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Halil
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Şahan
authors.affiliation: Advanced Technology Research & Application Center, Mersin University, Ciftlikkoy Campus, TR-33343 Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Süleyman Gökhan
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Çolak
authors.affiliation: Advanced Technology Research & Application Center, Mersin University, Ciftlikkoy Campus, TR-33343 Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey; Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Mersin University, Tarsus Faculty of Technology, TR-33480 Mersin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kasım
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ocakoğlu
authors.affiliation: Erciyes University, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, TR-38039 Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaçer
authors.affiliation: Erciyes University, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, TR-38039 Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Şaban
authors.initials: Ş
authors.lastname: Patat
keywords: Carbon nanospheres; Fast kinetic; Ionic liquid; Solid phase extraction