title: Low-Grade Inflammation and Ambulatory Cortisol in Adolescents: Interaction Between Interviewer-Rated Versus Self-Rated Acute Stress and Chronic Stress.
abstract: To determine whether the association between self-rated or interviewer-rated recent acute stress exposures and low-grade inflammation and daily cortisol production in adolescents is moderated by chronic stress ratings.
  
  
  
  Acute and chronic stress exposures were assessed in 261 adolescents aged 13 to 16 years using a semistructured life stress interview. The negative impact of acute stressors was independently rated by both adolescents (self-rated) and interviewers (interviewer-rated). Markers of inflammation (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1ra, C-reactive protein) were measured from peripheral blood samples obtained via antecubital venipuncture. Participants collected 4 saliva samples at home on each of 6 consecutive days for the analysis of diurnal salivary cortisol profiles.
  
  
  
  There were no main effects of acute stressors (self- and interviewer-rated) and chronic family or peer stress on adolescent inflammation markers and cortisol (p values > .10). However, the interaction between interviewer-rated acute stress and chronic family stress was significantly associated with adolescent inflammation markers (IL-6, IL-1ra). Specifically, as chronic family stress increased, the association between acute stressor impact (interviewer-rated) and inflammation markers became more positive (IL-6 (B = .054, SE = .023, p = .022); IL-1ra (B = .030, SE = .014, p = .034)). Interactions between self-rated acute stress and chronic family stress were not associated with any biological measures (p values > .10). Interactions between acute stressor impact (both self- and interviewer-rated) and chronic peer stress were also not significantly associated with any biological measures (p values > .05).
  
  
  
  Among adolescents, interviewer-based ratings of acute stressor impact may allow for better prediction of health-relevant inflammation markers than adolescents' own ratings.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Biobehavioral Health (Schreier), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, and Department of Psychology and Cells to Society (C2S): The Center on Social Disparities and Health (Chen), Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.
authors.forename: Hannah M C
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Schreier
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005190:Family; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D010379:Peer Group; D053573:Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type I / Q000097:blood*; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D057566:Self Report; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: C508590:IL1R1 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D053573:Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type I; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D006854:Hydrocortisone