title: A Swine Model of Selective Geographic Atrophy of Outer Retinal Layers Mimicking Atrophic AMD: A Phase I Escalating Dose of Subretinal Sodium Iodate.
abstract: To establish the dose of subretinal sodium iodate (NaIO3) in order to create a toxin-induced large animal model of selective circumscribed atrophy of outer retinal layers, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and photoreceptors, by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and immunocytochemistry.
  
  
  
  Fifteen male and female healthy Yorkshire pigs received unilateral subretinal escalating doses of NaIO3 under general anesthesia. In all the animals, volumes of 0.1 to 0.2 mL NaIO3 were injected into the subretinal space of the area centralis through a 23/38-gauge subretinal cannula. Control SD-OCTs were performed 1 and 2 months after the surgery, at which time pigs were euthanized and eyes enucleated. Globes were routinely processed for histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation.
  
  
  
  Spectral-domain OCT and immunohistochemistry revealed circumscribed and well-demarcated funduscopic lesions, limited to the outer retinal layers in pigs treated with 0.01 mg/mL subretinal sodium iodate.
  
  
  
  The swine model of a controlled area of circumscribed retinal damage, with well-delimited borders, and selectively of the outer layers of the retina presented herein shows several clinical and histologic features of geographic atrophy in AMD. Therefore, it may represent a valuable tool in the investigation of new emerging regenerative therapies that aim to restore visual function, such as stem cell transplantation or optogenetics.
authors.affiliation: Barcelona Macula Foundation: Research for Vision, Barcelona Spain 2Institut de la Màcula, Centro Médico Teknon, Barcelona, Spain 3Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Monés
authors.affiliation: Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain 5Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leiva
authors.affiliation: Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain 5Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Peña
authors.affiliation: Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain 6Institute of Bioengineering, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: Gema
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: Barcelona Macula Foundation: Research for Vision, Barcelona Spain 2Institut de la Màcula, Centro Médico Teknon, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Biarnés
authors.affiliation: Barcelona Macula Foundation: Research for Vision, Barcelona Spain 2Institut de la Màcula, Centro Médico Teknon, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Institut de la Màcula, Centro Médico Teknon, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.affiliation: Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain 6Institute of Bioengineering, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernandez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000869:Anterior Eye Segment / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D057092:Geographic Atrophy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007452:Iodates / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy / Q000379:methods; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis; D055213:Retinal Pigment Epithelium / Q000473:pathology*; D058471:Subretinal Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D013552:Swine; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007452:Iodates; C032285:sodium iodate