title: Chondrosarcoma of the hyoid bone: Case report and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chondrosarcomas are cartilaginous tumors that range from low-grade tumors with low metastatic potential to high-grade aggressive tumors with premature and high metastatic rate. Low-grade types have few karyotype abnormalities and are near-diploid, while high-grade chondrosarcomas originate from complex karyotypes and are aneuploid. The most common karyotype aberrations found include 12q13-15 and 9p21 rearrangements. Here, it is presented a case of chondrosarcoma of the hyoid bone with its image, surgical procedure and pathological correlation as well as a review of the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sixty-three year old man presented with a large cervical mass located at submental level. The CT scan revealed a voluminous and well-limited mass of 5 x 4 x 3 cm located in the suprahyoid region. The operative finding revealed a grade 2 chondrosarcoma originating from the hyoid bone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chondrosarcoma of the. hyoid bone is a rare pathology, thus making it difficult to diagnose. Fine needle biopsies have high diagnostic accuracy, although correct grading is only obtained 46% of the time. CT scan is the golden standard to characterize tumor extension and origin. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for chondrosarcoma.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Amaral
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zagalo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cardina
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vera-Cruz
mesh_terms: D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002813:Chondrosarcoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006928:Hyoid Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed