title: Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity of Acalypha hispida Leaf and Analysis of its Major Bioactive Polyphenols by HPLC.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammation and oxidative stress can lead to different chronic diseases including cancer and atherosclerosis. Many medicinal plants have the potential to show as anti-inflammatory activity. Present investigation was performed to investigate anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity, and quantification of selected bioactive plant polyphenols of the ethanol (EAH) and aqueous (AAH) extracts of Acalypha hispida (Euphorbiaceae) leaves.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carragenan and histamine induced rat paw edema models while antioxidant capacity was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging, Fe+2 chelating ability, reducing power, NO scavenging, total phenolic and total flavonoid content assay. Identification and quantification of bioactive polyphenols was done by HPLC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, both EAH and AAH showed statistically significant inhibition of paw volume in the anti-inflammatory activity test. Both the extracts showed DPPH scavenging (IC50: 14 and 17 µg/ml, respectively), Fe+2 ion chelating (IC50: 40 and 46 µg/ml, respectively), NO scavenging activity (65.49 and 60.66% inhibition at 100 µg/ml), and concentration dependent reducing power ability. For EAH and AAH, flavonoid content was 126.30 and 149.72 mg QE/g dry extract, while phenolic content was 130.51 and 173.80 mg GAE/g dry extract, respectively. HPLC analysis of EAH and AAH indicated the presence of high content of ellagic acid along with other phenolic constituents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High content of ellagic acid along with other phenolic constituents might have played an important role in the observed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA.
authors.forename: Md Afjalus
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Siraj
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Jamil A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shilpi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Md Golam
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Shaikh Jamal
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Uddin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Turku, FI-20500, Finland.
authors.forename: Md Khirul
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: BCSIR Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Ismet Ara
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Jahan
authors.affiliation: BCSIR Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Hemayet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hossain
keywords: Carrageenan; DPPH; Ellagic acid; Histamine; anti-inflammatory