title: Effects and synergy of feed ingredients on canine neoplastic cell proliferation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adjunctive use of nutraceuticals in human cancer has shown promise, but little work has been done in canine neoplasia. Previous human research has shown that polyphenols and carotenoids can target multiple pathways in vitro and in vivo. These compounds could synergize or antagonize with currently used chemotherapies, either increasing or decreasing the effectiveness of these drugs. Considering the routine and well controlled feeding practices of most dogs, the use of nutraceuticals incorporated into pet food is attractive, pending proof that the extracts are able to improve remission rates. The aim of this study was to examine five feed ingredients for antiproliferative effects, as well as the interaction with toceranib phosphate and doxorubicin hydrochloride, when treating canine neoplastic cell lines in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Screening using MTT proliferation assays showed that green tea, turmeric, and rosemary extracts were the most effective. Turmeric extract (TE) was the most potent and exhibited synergy with a rosemary extract (RE) at concentrations from 1 to 25 μg mL(-1). This combination had an additive or synergistic effect with chemotherapeutic agents at selected concentrations within each cell line. No significant effects on cell viability were observed when the combination therapy was used with normal primary cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of turmeric and rosemary extracts in combination may be worthwhile to investigate in the pre-clinical and clinical neoplastic considering there are no negative effects on traditional chemotherapy treatment. Further studies into the pharmacokinetics and mechanisms of action of these extracts should be investigated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center C2-009, Ithaca, 14853, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Corri B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.affiliation: Royal Canin Research Center, Airmargues, France.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bayle
authors.affiliation: Royal Canin Research Center, Airmargues, France.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Biourge
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center C2-009, Ithaca, 14853, NY, USA. jw37@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wakshlag
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004285:Dogs; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007211:Indoles; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011758:Pyrroles; C464577:toceranib phosphate; D004317:Doxorubicin
keywords: Canine cancer; Cell proliferation; Curcumin; Mammary carcinoma; Mastocytoma; Osteosarcoma; Rosemary