title: The Typical Presentation Spectrum of Deep Vein Thrombosis Associated with Inferior Vena Cava Malformations.
abstract: Congenital malformations of the inferior vena cava (IVC) are rare and underreported. They can be a risk factor for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) as a result of inadequate venous drainage of the lower extremities through collateral circulation. The significant number of cases reported in the literature highlights their importance, warranting investigating their existence in younger individuals with idiopathic DVT of the lower extremities and pelvic veins. In this systematic review, we depict the typical presentation of IVC malformations, their management, and the management of their associated DVT.
authors.affiliation: San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Agostino
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7458-1763
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pozzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
authors.forename: Mustapha A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: El Lakis
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Jad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chamieh
authors.affiliation: Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6500 Lugano, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Beatriz Barberà
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6508-3570
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Carbonell
authors.affiliation: Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1168-1772
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Villa