title: Transmission of Predictable Sensory Signals to the Cerebellum via Climbing Fiber Pathways Is Gated during Exploratory Behavior.
abstract: Pathways arising from the periphery that target the inferior olive [spino-olivocerebellar pathways (SOCPs)] are a vital source of information to the cerebellum and are modulated (gated) during active movements. This limits their ability to forward signals to climbing fibers in the cerebellar cortex. We tested the hypothesis that the temporal pattern of gating is related to the predictability of a sensory signal. Low-intensity electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral hindlimb in awake rats evoked field potentials in the C1 zone in the copula pyramidis of the cerebellar cortex. Responses had an onset latency of 12.5 ± 0.3 ms and were either short or long duration (8.7 ± 0.1 vs 31.2 ± 0.3 ms, respectively). Both types of response were shown to be mainly climbing fiber in origin and therefore evoked by transmission in hindlimb SOCPs. Changes in response size (area of field, millivolts per millisecond) were used to monitor differences in transmission during rest and three phases of rearing: phase 1, rearing up; phase 2, upright; and phase 3, rearing down. Responses evoked during phase 2 were similar in size to rest but were smaller during phases 1 and 3, i.e., transmission was reduced during active movement when self-generated (predictable) sensory signals from the hindlimbs are likely to occur. To test whether the pattern of gating was related to the predictability of the sensory signal, some animals received the hindlimb stimulation only during phase 2. Over ∼10 d, the responses became progressively smaller in size, consistent with gating-out transmission of predictable sensory signals relayed via SOCPs.
  
  
  
  A major route for peripheral information to gain access to the cerebellum is via ascending climbing fiber pathways. During active movements, gating of transmission in these pathways controls when climbing fiber signals can modify cerebellar activity. We investigated this phenomenon in rats during their exploratory behavior of rearing. During rearing up and down, transmission was reduced at a time when self-generated, behaviorally irrelevant (predictable) signals occur. However, during the upright phase of rearing, transmission was increased when behaviorally relevant (unpredictable) signals may occur. When the peripheral stimulation was delivered only during the upright phase, so its occurrence became predictable over time, transmission was reduced. Therefore, the results indicate that the gating is related to the level of predictability of a sensory signal.
authors.affiliation: School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Charlotte L
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4778-4677
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lawrenson
authors.affiliation: School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Cerebellum, Navigation, and Memory Team, Sorbonne Universities, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, University of Paris 06 Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 8246, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1130, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8246, F-75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.affiliation: School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom, R.Apps@bristol.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2064-3359
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Apps
mesh_terms: D000344:Afferent Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000502:physiology*; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D025461:Feedback, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000502:physiology; D009847:Olivary Nucleus / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012677:Sensation / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: cerebellum; exploratory; inferior olive; learning; motor behaviour; sensory