title: Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers from bamboo using microwave liquefaction combined with chemical treatment and ultrasonication.
abstract: Cellulose nanofibers were successfully isolated from bamboo using microwave liquefaction combined with chemical treatment and ultrasonic nanofibrillation processes. The microwave liquefaction could eliminate almost all the lignin in bamboo, resulting in high cellulose content residues within 7min, and the cellulose enriched residues could be readily purified by subsequent chemical treatments with lower chemical charging and quickly. The results of wet chemistry analyses, SEM images, and FTIR and X-ray spectra indicated the combination of microwave liquefaction and chemical treatment was significantly efficient in removing non-cellulosic compounds. Ultrasonication was used to separate the nanofibrils from the purified residues to extract nanofibers. The TEM images confirmed the presence of elementary fibrils, nano-sized fibril bundles, and aggregated fibril bundles. As evidenced by the TGA analysis, cellulose nanofibers isolated by this novel technique had high thermal stability indicating that the isolated nanofibers could possibly be applied as reinforcing elements in biomaterials.
authors.affiliation: College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; School of Renewable Natural Resource, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
authors.forename: Jiulong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Pineville, LA 71360, USA.
authors.forename: Chung-Yun
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Hse
authors.affiliation: School of Renewable Natural Resource, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
authors.forename: Cornelis F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: De Hoop
authors.affiliation: College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
authors.forename: Tingxing
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. Electronic address: qijinqiu2005@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Jinqiu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: School of Renewable Natural Resource, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
authors.forename: Todd F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Shupe
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D008872:Microwaves; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry*; D006109:Poaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D013010:Sonication
chemical_list: D002482:Cellulose
keywords: Bamboo; Cellulose nanofibers; Microwave liquefaction; Ultrasonic nanofibrillation