title: Fiber tracking: A qualitative and quantitative comparison between four different software tools on the reconstruction of major white matter tracts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) enables in vivo reconstruction of white matter (WM) pathways. Considering the emergence of numerous models and fiber tracking techniques, we herein aimed to compare, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the fiber tracking results of four DTI software (Brainance, Philips FiberTrak, DSI Studio, NordicICE) on the reconstruction of representative WM tracts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten healthy participants underwent 30-directional diffusion tensor imaging on a 3T-Philips Achieva TX MR-scanner. All data were analyzed by two independent sites of experienced raters with the aforementioned software and the following WM tracts were reconstructed: corticospinal tract (CST); forceps major (Fmajor); forceps minor (Fminor); cingulum bundle (CB); superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF); inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF). Visual inspection of the resulted tracts and statistical analysis (inter-rater and betweensoftware agreement; paired t-test) on fractional anisotropy (FA), axial and radial diffusivity (Daxial, Dradial) were applied for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of DTI software results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Qualitative evaluation of the extracted tracts confirmed anatomical landmarks at least for the core part of each tract, even though differences in the number of fibers extracted and the whole tract were evident, especially for the CST, Fmajor, Fminor and SLF. Descriptive values did not deviate from the expected range of values for healthy adult population. Substantial inter-rater agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], Bland-Altman analysis) was found for all tracts (ICC; FA: 0.839-0.989, Daxial: 0.704-0.991, Dradial: 0.972-0.993). Low agreement for FA, Daxial and Dradial (ICC; Bland-Altman analysis) and significant paired t-test differences (p < 0.05) were detected regarding between-software agreement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Qualitative comparison of four different DTI software in addition to substantial inter-rater but poor between-software agreement highlight the differences on existing fiber tracking methodologies and several particularities of each WM tract, further supporting the need for further study in both clinical and research settings.
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Neurology, Aeginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Foteini
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Christidi
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital 'Attikon', School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Efstratios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karavasilis
authors.affiliation: Research and Development, Papanikolaou N & Associates, Heraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: Kostantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Samiotis
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals, London, UK.
authors.forename: Sotirios
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bisdas
authors.affiliation: Centre for the Unknown, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Papanikolaou
keywords: Deterministic tractography; Diffusion tensor imaging; Fiber tracking; Magnetic resonance imaging