title: Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in CSF from Three Patients with Meningoencephalitis by Next-Generation Sequencing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Encephalitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is rare but sometimes fatal. Early diagnosis is difficult using routine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests, while next-generation sequencing (NGS) is increasingly being used for the detection and characterization of pathogens.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study set up and applied unbiased NGS to detect L. monocytogenes in CSF collected from three cases of clinically suspected listeria meningoencephalitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three cases of patients with acute/subacute meningoencephalitis are reported. Magnetic resonance imaging and blood cultures led to a suspected diagnosis of L. monocytogenes, while the CSF cultures were negative. Unbiased NGS of CSF identified and sequenced reads corresponding to L. monocytogenes in all three cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report highlighting the feasibility of applying NGS of CSF as a diagnostic method for central nervous system (CNS) L. monocytogenes infection. Routine application of this technology in clinical microbiology will significantly improve diagnostic methods for CNS infectious diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Binhai Genomics Institute, Tianjin Translational Genomics Center, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Jiali
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yicheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Binhai Genomics Institute, Tianjin Translational Genomics Center, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Yinxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Binhai Genomics Institute, Tianjin Translational Genomics Center, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Ruixue
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Binhai Genomics Institute, Tianjin Translational Genomics Center, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Ao
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Haitao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.|Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Liying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. guanhz@263.net.
authors.forename: Hongzhi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Binhai Genomics Institute, Tianjin Translational Genomics Center, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, China.|Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. wuhonglong@genomics.cn.
authors.forename: Honglong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
keywords: Listeria monocytogenes; cerebrospinal fluid; meningoencephalitis; next generation sequencing