title: ALV-J strain SCAU-HN06 induces innate immune responses in chicken primary monocyte-derived macrophages.
abstract: Avian leucosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) can cause lifelong infection and can escape from the host immune defenses in chickens. Since macrophages act as the important defense line against invading pathogens in host innate immunity, we investigated the function and innate immune responses of chicken primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) after ALV-J infection in this study. Our results indicated that ALV-J was stably maintained in MDM cells but that the viral growth rate was significantly lower than that in DF-1 cells. We also found that ALV-J infection significantly increased nitric oxide (NO) production, but had no effect on MDM phagocytic capacity. Interestingly, infection with ALV-J rapidly promoted the expression levels of Myxovirus resistance 1 (Mx) (3 h, 6 h), ISG12 (6 h), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (3 h, 12 h) at an early infection stage, whereas it sharply decreased the expression of Mx (24 h, 36 h), ISG12 (36 h), and made little change on IL-1β (24 h, 36 h) production at a late infection stage in MDM cells. Moreover, the protein levels of interferon-β (IFN-β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) had sharply increased in infected MDM cells from 3 to 36 h post infection (hpi) of ALV-J. And, the protein level of interleukin-10 (IL-10) was dramatically decreased at 36 hpi in MDM cells infected with ALV-J. These results demonstrate that ALV-J can induce host innate immune responses and we hypothesize that macrophages play an important role in host innate immune attack and ALV-J immune escape.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.|Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Manman
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Weisheng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.|Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.|Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Zhenhui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Meiqing
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China scauxqz@163.com.|Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Xiquan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001353:Avian Leukosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D001354:Avian Leukosis Virus / Q000276:immunology*; D030161:Avian Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002645:Chickens; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D030161:Avian Proteins; D016207:Cytokines
keywords: ALV-J; innate immune response; macrophage