title: Cellular mechanisms for cargo delivery and polarity maintenance at different polar domains in plant cells.
abstract: The asymmetric localization of proteins in the plasma membrane domains of eukaryotic cells is a fundamental manifestation of cell polarity that is central to multicellular organization and developmental patterning. In plants, the mechanisms underlying the polar localization of cargo proteins are still largely unknown and appear to be fundamentally distinct from those operating in mammals. Here, we present a systematic, quantitative comparative analysis of the polar delivery and subcellular localization of proteins that characterize distinct polar plasma membrane domains in plant cells. The combination of microscopic analyses and computational modeling revealed a mechanistic framework common to diverse polar cargos and underlying the establishment and maintenance of apical, basal, and lateral polar domains in plant cells. This mechanism depends on the polar secretion, constitutive endocytic recycling, and restricted lateral diffusion of cargos within the plasma membrane. Moreover, our observations suggest that polar cargo distribution involves the individual protein potential to form clusters within the plasma membrane and interact with the extracellular matrix. Our observations provide insights into the shared cellular mechanisms of polar cargo delivery and polarity maintenance in plant cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Łukasz
authors.initials: Ł
authors.lastname: Łangowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wabnik
authors.affiliation: Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria) , Klosterneuburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Hongjiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vanneste
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Life Sciences, International Christian University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naramoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, University of Osaka , Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria; Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jiří
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Friml
keywords: lateral diffusion; polar recycling; polar secretion; protein clustering; protein dynamics modeling; protein trafficking