title: Development and Validation of a Method for Alcohol Analysis in Brain Tissue by Headspace Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector.
abstract: Ethanol is the most widely used and abused drug. While blood is the preferred specimen for analysis, tissue specimens such as brain serve as alternative specimens for alcohol analysis in post-mortem cases where blood is unavailable or contaminated. A method was developed using headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (HS-GC-FID) for the detection and quantification of ethanol, acetone, isopropanol, methanol and n-propanol in brain tissue specimens. Unfixed volatile-free brain tissue specimens were obtained from the Department of Pathology at Virginia Commonwealth University. Calibrators and controls were prepared from 4-fold diluted homogenates of these brain tissue specimens, and were analyzed using t-butanol as the internal standard. The chromatographic separation was performed with a Restek BAC2 column. A linear calibration was generated for all analytes (mean r2> 0.9992) with the limits of detection and quantification of 100-110 mg/kg. Matrix effect from the brain tissue was determined by comparing the slopes of matrix prepared calibration curves with those of aqueous calibration curves; no significant differences were observed for ethanol, acetone, isopropanol, methanol and n-propanol. The bias and the CVs for all volatile controls were ≤10%. The method was also evaluated for carryover, selectivity, interferences, bench-top stability and freeze-thaw stability. The HS-GC-FID method was determined to be reliable and robust for the analysis of ethanol, acetone, isopropanol, methanol and n-propanol concentrations in brain tissue, effectively expanding the specimen options for post-mortem alcohol analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
authors.forename: Hao-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
authors.forename: Justin L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Poklis
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
authors.forename: Alphonse
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poklis
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA carl.wolf@vcuhealth.org.
authors.forename: Carl E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D000433:1-Propanol / Q000032:analysis; D019840:2-Propanol / Q000032:analysis; D000096:Acetone / Q000032:analysis; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D002138:Calibration; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D003933:Diagnosis; D000431:Ethanol / Q000032:analysis*; D005410:Flame Ionization; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D016014:Linear Models; D000432:Methanol / Q000032:analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013048:Specimen Handling
chemical_list: D000096:Acetone; D000431:Ethanol; D000433:1-Propanol; D019840:2-Propanol; D000432:Methanol