title: Nontargeted Screening Method for Illegal Additives Based on Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry.
abstract: Identification of illegal additives in complex matrixes is important in the food safety field. In this study a nontargeted screening strategy was developed to find illegal additives based on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). First, an analytical method for possible illegal additives in complex matrixes was established including fast sample pretreatment, accurate UHPLC separation, and HRMS detection. Second, efficient data processing and differential analysis workflow were suggested and applied to find potential risk compounds. Third, structure elucidation of risk compounds was performed by (1) searching online databases [Metlin and the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)] and an in-house database which was established at the above-defined conditions of UHPLC-HRMS analysis and contains information on retention time, mass spectra (MS), and tandem mass spectra (MS/MS) of 475 illegal additives, (2) analyzing fragment ions, and (3) referring to fragmentation rules. Fish was taken as an example to show the usefulness of the nontargeted screening strategy, and six additives were found in suspected fish samples. Quantitative analysis was further carried out to determine the contents of these compounds. The satisfactory application of this strategy in fish samples means that it can also be used in the screening of illegal additives in other kinds of food samples.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science , Dalian 116023, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Yanqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science , Dalian 116023, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Zhihui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science , Dalian 116023, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Hongwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science , Dalian 116023, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science , Dalian 116023, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Xinjie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Xiangshan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Ningbo 315000, China.
authors.forename: Yihui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Hangzhou Pooke Testing Technology Company, Limited, Hangzhou 310000, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Thermo Fisher Scientific, China, Application Center, Shanghai 210623, China.
authors.forename: Zeming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Hangzhou Pooke Testing Technology Company, Limited, Hangzhou 310000, China.
authors.forename: Zhiliang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science , Dalian 116023, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Chunxia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science , Dalian 116023, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Guowang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005399:Fishes; D005503:Food Additives / Q000032:analysis*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D005503:Food Additives