title: Male sexually coercive behaviour drives increased swimming efficiency in female guppies.
abstract: Sexual coercion of females by males is widespread across sexually reproducing species. It stems from a conflict of interest over reproduction and exerts selective pressure on both sexes. For females, there is often a significant energetic cost of exposure to male sexually coercive behaviours.Our understanding of the efficiency of female resistance to male sexually coercive behaviour is key to understanding how sexual conflict contributes to population level dynamics and ultimately to the evolution of sexually antagonistic traits.Overlooked within this context are plastic physiological responses of traits within the lifetime of females that could moderate the energetic cost imposed by coercive males. Here, we examined whether conflict over the frequency and timing of mating between male and female guppiesPoecilia reticulatacan induce changes in swimming performance and aerobic capacity in females as they work to escape harassment by males.Females exposed to higher levels of harassment over a 5-month period used less oxygen to swim at a given speed, but displayed no difference in resting metabolic rate, maximal metabolic rate, maximal sustained swimming speed or aerobic scope compared to females receiving lower levels of harassment.The observed increase in swimming efficiency is at least partially related to differences in swimming mechanics, likely brought on by a training effect of increased activity, as highly harassed females spent less time performing pectoral fin-assisted swimming.Sexual conflict results in sexually antagonistic traits that impose a variety of costs, but our results show that females can reduce costs through phenotypic plasticity. It is also possible that phenotypic plasticity in swimming physiology or mechanics in response to sexual coercion can potentially give females more control over matings and affect which male traits are under selection.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Graham Kerr Building Glasgow G12 8QQ UK.
authors.forename: Shaun S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Killen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology University of Exeter Washington Singer Laboratories Exeter EX4 4QG UK.
authors.forename: Darren P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Croft
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Graham Kerr Building Glasgow G12 8QQ UK.
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Salin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology University of Exeter Washington Singer Laboratories Exeter EX4 4QG UK.
authors.forename: Safi K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Darden
keywords: locomotion; metabolic rate; phenotypic plasticity; sexual conflict; teleost fish