title: Canine distemper virus isolated from a monkey efficiently replicates on Vero cells expressing non-human primate SLAM receptors but not human SLAM receptor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 2008, an outbreak of canine distemper virus (CDV) infection in monkeys was reported in China. We isolated CDV strain (subsequently named Monkey-BJ01-DV) from lung tissue obtained from a rhesus monkey that died in this outbreak. We evaluated the ability of this virus on Vero cells expressing SLAM receptors from dog, monkey and human origin, and analyzed the H gene of Monkey-BJ01-DV with other strains.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Monkey-BJ01-DV isolate replicated to the highest titer on Vero cells expressing dog-origin SLAM (10(5.2±0.2) TCID50/ml) and monkey-origin SLAM (10(5.4±0.1) TCID50/ml), but achieved markedly lower titers on human-origin SLAM cells (10(3.3±0.3) TCID50/ml). Phylogenetic analysis of the full-length H gene showed that Monkey-BJ01-DV was highly related to other CDV strains obtained during recent CDV epidemics among species of the Canidae family in China, and these Monkey strains CDV (Monkey-BJ01-DV, CYN07-dV, Monkey-KM-01) possessed a number of amino acid specific substitutions (E276V, Q392R, D435Y and I542F) compared to the H protein of CDV epidemic in other animals at the same period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggested that the monkey origin-CDV-H protein could possess specific substitutions to adapt to the new host. Monkey-BJ01-DV can efficiently use monkey- and dog-origin SLAM to infect and replicate in host cells, but further adaptation may be required for efficient replication in host cells expressing the human SLAM receptor.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.|Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, 130122, China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, Henan, 471000, China.
authors.forename: Yuxiu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
authors.forename: Jianzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, 130122, China.
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Biology, Beihua University, Jilin, 132013, China.
authors.forename: Tiansong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, 130122, China.
authors.forename: Tiecheng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, 130122, China.
authors.forename: Yicong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, 130122, China.
authors.forename: Hualei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, 130122, China.
authors.forename: Yongkun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, 130122, China.
authors.forename: Songtao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, 130122, China. gywtext@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yuwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China. huguixue901103@163.com.
authors.forename: Guixue
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China. xiaxzh@cae.cn.|Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, 130122, China. xiaxzh@cae.cn.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, China. xiaxzh@cae.cn.
authors.forename: Xianzhu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops / Q000821:virology; D004217:Distemper Virus, Canine / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology*; D004285:Dogs; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000821:virology; D008992:Monkey Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics*; D014709:Vero Cells; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface
keywords: Canine distemper virus (CDV); H protein; Monkey; SLAM