title: Combined remediation of pyrene-contaminated soil with a coupled system of persulfate oxidation and phytoremediation with ryegrass.
abstract: The in situ chemical oxidation technology (ISCO) and phytoremediation for PAHs have been studied respectively, but few focus on the feasibility of combining persulfate with ryegrass. This literature revealed the effect of persulfate oxidation on the growth of ryegrass and the removal ratios of pyrene in the couple system of persulfate oxidation and phytoremediation. The results demonstrated that half of pyrene in test soil was oxidized by persulfate in 7 days and then the residual pyrene concentration was decreased to a lower level by ryegrass in the following 2 months in oxidation treatment and drip washing and plants (OWP) and oxidation treatment and drip washing and plants and fertilization (OWFP) treatment. Ryegrass could grow well after persulfate oxidation with the oxidized soil washed by water. Ryegrass in OWP and OWFP treatments had higher ratios of overground and underground biomass. However, the seeds of ryegrass cannot germinate when drip washing was omitted. Pyrene together with residual persulfate changed soil enzyme activities. Drip washing and the growth of ryegrass made soil enzyme activities tend to returned to normal levels. Persulfate oxidation and phytoremediation were compatible to make contributions to the dissipation of pyrene. Persulfate oxidation activated by heat had higher removal efficiency of PAHs and phytoremediation could further decrease the pyrene concentration in spiked soil.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, College of environmental and chemical engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, College of environmental and chemical engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
authors.forename: Hongbing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, College of environmental and chemical engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China. Lxy999@shu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, College of environmental and chemical engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China. zhangxinying008@163.com.
authors.forename: Xinying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, College of environmental and chemical engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, College of environmental and chemical engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
authors.forename: Chiquan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, College of environmental and chemical engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
authors.forename: Liya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018525:Germination; D008129:Lolium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017670:Sodium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D011721:Pyrenes; D017670:Sodium Compounds; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013431:Sulfates; C024625:sodium persulfate
keywords: Combined remediation; Coupled system; Persulfate oxidation; Pyrene; Ryegrass