title: The Common p.R114W HNF4A Mutation Causes a Distinct Clinical Subtype of Monogenic Diabetes.
abstract: HNF4A mutations cause increased birth weight, transient neonatal hypoglycemia, and maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY). The most frequently reported HNF4A mutation is p.R114W (previously p.R127W), but functional studies have shown inconsistent results; there is a lack of cosegregation in some pedigrees and an unexpectedly high frequency in public variant databases. We confirm that p.R114W is a pathogenic mutation with an odds ratio of 30.4 (95% CI 9.79-125, P = 2 × 10(-21)) for diabetes in our MODY cohort compared with control subjects. p.R114W heterozygotes did not have the increased birth weight of patients with other HNF4A mutations (3,476 g vs. 4,147 g, P = 0.0004), and fewer patients responded to sulfonylurea treatment (48% vs. 73%, P = 0.038). p.R114W has reduced penetrance; only 54% of heterozygotes developed diabetes by age 30 years compared with 71% for other HNF4A mutations. We redefine p.R114W as a pathogenic mutation that causes a distinct clinical subtype of HNF4A MODY with reduced penetrance, reduced sensitivity to sulfonylurea treatment, and no effect on birth weight. This has implications for diabetes treatment, management of pregnancy, and predictive testing of at-risk relatives. The increasing availability of large-scale sequence data is likely to reveal similar examples of rare, low-penetrance MODY mutations.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Laver
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K. Department of Molecular Genetics, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Colclough
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.
authors.forename: Maggie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shepherd
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.
authors.forename: Kashyap
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K. Department of Molecular Genetics, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K.
authors.forename: Jayne A L
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Houghton
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dusatkova
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Stepanka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pruhova
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K.
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K.
authors.forename: Colin N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K.
authors.forename: Mark I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K. Department of Molecular Genetics, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K.
authors.forename: Sian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ellard
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.
authors.forename: Andrew T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Hattersley
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K. m.n.weedon@exeter.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Michael N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Weedon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D019295:Computational Biology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D051557:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D051557:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds