title: Impact of Non-Pulmonary Visceral Metastases in the Prognosis and Practice of Metastatic Testicular Germ Cell Tumors.
abstract: Non-pulmonary visceral metastases, in bones, brain and liver, represent nearly the 10% of metastatic sites of advanced germ cell tumors and are associated with poor prognosis. This review article summarizes major evidences on the impact of different visceral sites on the prognosis, treatment and clinical outcome of patients with germ cell tumors. The clinic-biological mechanisms by which these metastatic sites are associated with poor clinical outcome remain unclear. The multimodality treatment showed a potential better survival, in particular in patients with relapsed disease. Patients with advanced germ cell tumors with visceral metastases should be referred to centers with high expertise in the clinical management of such disease.
authors.affiliation: Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST)-IRCCS , Meldola (FC), Italy.
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST)-IRCCS , Meldola (FC), Italy.
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martignano
authors.affiliation: Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST)-IRCCS , Meldola (FC), Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gallà
authors.affiliation: Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST)-IRCCS , Meldola (FC), Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maugeri
authors.affiliation: Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST)-IRCCS , Meldola (FC), Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schepisi
keywords: Testicular cancer; chemotherapy; germ cell tumor; visceral metastases