title: Risk factors for suicide among patients with schizophrenia: a cohort study focused on cerebrospinal fluid levels of homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to investigate the association between 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), bullying, and later suicide among patients with schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-nine patients with schizophrenia were included. Correlations of clinical factors, 5-HIAA and HVA, and later suicide were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve patients committed suicide (12%) during a 28-year follow-up period. Later suicide was correlated to bullying in childhood (P=0.02) and a lower quotient of HVA/5-HIAA in CSF (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Suicide in schizophrenia is related to childhood exposedness and CSF neurotransmitter levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neider
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Leif H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Lindström
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bodén
keywords: 5-HIAA; CSF; HVA; bullying; psychosis; risk factors