title: Challenges to acellular biological scaffold mediated skeletal muscle tissue regeneration.
abstract: Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries present a complex and heterogeneous clinical problem that results in a chronic loss of muscle tissue and strength. The primary limitation to muscle tissue regeneration after VML injury is the frank loss of all native muscle constituents in the defect, especially satellite cells and the basal lamina. Recent advancements in regenerative medicine have set forth encouraging and emerging translational and therapeutic options for these devastating injuries including the surgical implantation of acellular biological scaffolds. While these biomaterials can modulate the wound environment, the existing data do not support their capacity to promote appreciable muscle fiber regeneration that can contribute to skeletal muscle tissue functional improvements. An apparent restriction of endogenous satellite cell (i.e., pax7(+)) migration to acellular biological scaffolds likely underlies this deficiency. This work critically evaluates the role of an acellular biological scaffold in orchestrating skeletal muscle tissue regeneration, specifically when used as a regenerative medicine approach for VML injury.
authors.affiliation: Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine Task Area, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA. Electronic address: benjamin.t.corona.civ@mail.mil.
authors.forename: Benjamin T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Corona
authors.affiliation: Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine Task Area, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Greising
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002474:Cell-Free System / Q000737:chemistry*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology* / Q000254:growth & development*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
keywords: Extracellular matrix; Muscle fibrosis; Musculoskeletal healing; Neuromuscular strength; Orthopaedic trauma; Regenerative medicine; Satellite cell; Skeletal muscle injury; Volumetric muscle loss