title: Inflammatory responses to alcohol in the CNS: nuclear receptors as potential therapeutics for alcohol-induced neuropathologies.
abstract: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), which results from ethanol exposure during pregnancy, and alcohol use disorder (AUD), which includes both binge and chronic alcohol abuse, are strikingly common and costly at personal and societal levels. These disorders are associated with significant pathology, including that observed in the CNS. It is now appreciated in both humans and animal models that ethanol can induce inflammation in the CNS. Neuroinflammation is hypothesized to contribute to the neuropathologic and behavioral consequences in FASD and AUD. In this review, we: 1) summarize the evidence of alcohol-induced CNS inflammation, 2) outline cellular and molecular mechanisms that may underlie alcohol induction of CNS inflammation, and 3) discuss the potential of nuclear receptor agonists for prevention or treatment of neuropathologies associated with FASD and AUD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
authors.forename: Cynthia J M
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA drewpauld@uams.edu.
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Drew
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D020269:Alcoholic Neuropathy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D000818:Animals; D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000276:immunology*; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1 / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004679:Encephalomyelitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D063647:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine / Q000276:immunology; D015728:Receptors, HIV / Q000276:immunology; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1; D058847:Inflammasomes; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine; D015728:Receptors, HIV; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4
keywords: alcohol use disorders; fetal alcohol spectrum disorders; microglia; neuroinflammation; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor