title: Analysis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Spain: 2007-2012 National Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study sought to study the epidemiological characteristics of the extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in relation to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) from 2007 to 2012 in Spain, and plot its trend across the same period.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study in which the following variables were analysed: age; sex; disease site; history of antituberculosis treatment; country of birth; presence of HIV infection; and culture results. Age-related differences were ascertained using the test of comparison of proportions, and crude and adjusted ORs were calculated using linear regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the total of 44,050 cases of tuberculosis reported in the period 2007-2012 and included in the study, 31,508 (71.53%) were pulmonary tuberculosis and 12,542 (28.47%) were EPTB. EPTB rates decreased across all age groups. The main EPTB risk factor was presence of HIV infection (OR 1.39). Persons aged under 65 years had a lower risk of EPTB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although persons aged over 65 years displayed the highest incidence, there was nevertheless a downward trend across all age groups. Whereas children showed a significant decrease in tuberculous meningitis, this was not so for all extrapulmonary forms. EPTB rates among persons born outside Spain were much higher than those among the Spanish population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Spanish Training Program Field Epidemiology (STPFE), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: danteroger@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Dante R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Culqui-Lévano
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Epidemiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Valín
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid/IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan de Mata
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Donado-Campos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis/EPTB; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis extrapulmonar/EPTB