title: Mobile health in cardiology: a review of currently available medical apps and equipment for remote monitoring.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent developments in implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) and smartphone technology have increased the possibilities for remote monitoring. It is the purpose of this review to give an overview of these new possibilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Remote monitoring in ICD allows for early detection of lead fractures and remote follow-up of patients. Possible limitations are the lack of standardization and the possible unsafety of the data stored on the ICD. Secondly, remote monitoring of health parameters using smartphone compatible wearables and smartphone medical apps is addressed. Possible limitations include the fact that the majority of smartphone apps are unregulated by the regulatory authorities and privacy issues such as selling of app-generated data to third parties. Lastly, clinical studies with smartphone apps are discussed. Expert commentary: New technologies in ICDs and smartphones have the potential to be used for remote monitoring. However, unreliability of smartphone technology, inadequate legislation and lack of reimbursement impede implementation.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Cardiology , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands.
authors.forename: Roderick Willem
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Treskes
authors.affiliation: a Department of Cardiology , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands.
authors.forename: Enno Tjeerd
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: van der Velde
authors.affiliation: b Department of Cardiology , Erasmus MC , Rotterdam , Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rogier
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barendse
authors.affiliation: b Department of Cardiology , Erasmus MC , Rotterdam , Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bruining
mesh_terms: D002309:Cardiology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D007878:Legislation as Topic; D063731:Mobile Applications; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000295:instrumentation*
keywords: ICDs; cardiovascular imaging; clinical effectiveness; health care costs; mHealth; mobile apps; remote monitoring; vital signs