title: Patient Perspectives Regarding Ethics of Spinal Column Stimulators in the Surgical Management of Persistent Postoperative Neuropathic Pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to better understand perspectives of patients with persistent postoperative neuropathic pain (PPNP) and assess perceptions of the ethical issues surrounding their structural spinal surgeon also performing spinal cord stimulation (SCS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Semistructured face-to-face interviews with 20 neurosurgical spine patients were conducted. Patients were recruited from the neurosurgery clinics at Toronto Western Hospital and were seen in consultation for PPNP. Interviews were transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis using open and axial coding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The range of the duration of participants' preoperative symptoms varied from one month to more than 20 years, and was primarily back dominant (13/20). The median time since patients most recently underwent spinal surgery was three years. The majority of patients (15/20) do not view their current condition of PPNP as a failure of their initial spine surgeon. The most commonly reported reason for this is that patients trusted their physician and clear communication between the physician and the patient, prior to their surgery, ensured an understanding of the goals of the procedure. Nearly unanimously (19/20), patients did not perceive an ethical problem with a surgeon performing a structurally corrective spinal surgery and subsequently also implanting a SCS device if the same patient that develops medically refractory PPNP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first clinical qualitative study of values and ethical perceptions of patients with medically refractory PPNP. Our findings provide a framework for understanding the values of patients with PPNP and demonstrate that a strong surgeon-patient relationship can ameliorate concerns surrounding PPNP and SCS implantation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.|Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Nardin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Samuel
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.|Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.|Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Naif M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Alotaibi
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.|Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Suneil K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kalia
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.|Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Mohammed F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Shamji
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D057240:Patient Preference; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011446:Prospective Studies; D062187:Spinal Cord Stimulation / Q000941:ethics* / Q000379:methods*; D013131:Spine / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Ethics; patient perspectives; patient values; persistent postoperative neuropathic pain; spinal column stimulation