title: Metagenomic Analysis of Fungal Diversity on Strawberry Plants and the Effect of Management Practices on the Fungal Community Structure of Aerial Organs.
abstract: An amplicon metagenomic approach based on the ITS2 region of fungal rDNA was used to identify the composition of fungal communities associated with different strawberry organs (leaves, flowers, immature and mature fruits), grown on a farm using management practices that entailed the routine use of various chemical pesticides. ITS2 sequences clustered into 316 OTUs and Ascomycota was the dominant phyla (95.6%) followed by Basidiomycota (3.9%). Strawberry plants supported a high diversity of microbial organisms, but two genera, Botrytis and Cladosporium, were the most abundant, representing 70-99% of the relative abundance (RA) of all detected sequences. According to alpha and beta diversity analyses, strawberry organs displayed significantly different fungal communities with leaves having the most diverse fungal community, followed by flowers, and fruit. The interruption of chemical treatments for one month resulted in a significant modification in the structure of the fungal community of leaves and flowers while immature and mature fruit were not significantly affected. Several plant pathogens of other plant species, that would not be intuitively expected to be present on strawberry plants such as Erysiphe, were detected, while some common strawberry pathogens, such as Rhizoctonia, were less evident or absent.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, 89122, Italy.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdelfattah
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS-AFRS, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, West Virginia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wisniewski
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, 89122, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Giulia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Li Destri Nicosia
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi, Via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Santa Olga
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Cacciola
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, 89122, Italy.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-2593
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schena
mesh_terms: D044822:Biodiversity; D020171:Botrytis / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D002963:Cladosporium / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D035264:Flowers / Q000382:microbiology*; D031985:Fragaria / Q000382:microbiology*; D005638:Fruit / Q000382:microbiology*; D056186:Metagenomics