title: Shared Genetic Factors Involved in Celiac Disease, Type 2 Diabetes and Anorexia Nervosa Suggest Common Molecular Pathways for Chronic Diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several genetic regions involved in immune-regulatory mechanisms to be associated with celiac disease. Previous GWAS also revealed an over-representation of genes involved in type 2 diabetes and anorexia nervosa associated with celiac disease, suggesting involvement of common metabolic pathways for development of these chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to extend these previous analyses to study the gene expression in the gut from children with active celiac disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty six target genes involved in type 2 diabetes and four genes associated with anorexia nervosa were investigated for gene expression in small intestinal biopsies from 144 children with celiac disease at median (range) age of 7.4 years (1.6-17.8) and from 154 disease controls at a median (range) age 11.4.years (1.4-18.3).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of eleven of genes were differently expressed in celiac patients compared with disease controls of which CD36, CD38, FOXP1, SELL, PPARA, PPARG, AGT previously associated with type 2 diabetes and AKAP6, NTNG1 with anorexia nervosa remained significant after correction for multiple testing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Shared genetic factors involved in celiac disease, type 2 diabetes and anorexia nervosa suggest common underlying molecular pathways for these diseases.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mostowy
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Celiac Disease Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Montén
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Audur H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Gudjonsdottir
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Karolinska University Hospital and Division of Pediatrics, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arnell
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Sodersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Browaldh
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Staffan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Celiac Disease Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Agardh
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Åsa
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0504-6492
authors.initials: Å
authors.lastname: Torinsson Naluai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000235:genetics*; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D059467:Transcriptome