title: Macrophage polarization in experimental and clinical choroidal neovascularization.
abstract: Macrophages play an important role in the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this study, the spatial and temporal changes and the polarization of macrophages in murine laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) were investigated, and the polarized M1 and M2 biomarkers in the aqueous humors of neovascular AMD (nAMD) patients were studied. Macrophages, the main infiltrating inflammatory cells in CNV lesions, were evidenced by a significant increase in F4/80 mRNA expression and by the infiltration of F4/80+ cells in the lesions and the vicinity of laser-induced CNV. The mRNA expressions of M1-related markers were dramatically upregulated in the early stage, while the M2-related markers were slightly upregulated in the middle stage and sustained until the late stage. The results of immunostaining showed a similar early-but-transient M1 pattern and a delayed-but-sustained M2 pattern in laser-induced CNV. In addition, a higher M2/M1 ratio was found in both the murine models (Arg-1/iNOS and CCL22/CXCL10) and the aqueous humors of nAMD patients (CCL22/CXCL10) than in the controls. Our results suggested that the dynamic patterns of M1 and M2 were different in both the experimental and clinical CNV. The M2 macrophages were predominant and may play a more important role in the development of CNV.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Retina Division, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Retina Division, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Retina Division, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Retina Division, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Miner
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Retina Division, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Andina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Retina Division, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Zongyi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Retina Division, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Zijing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Retina Division, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Jiaqing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Retina Division, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Retina Division, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000378:metabolism; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000276:immunology*; D001119:Arginase / Q000378:metabolism; D016570:Bruch Membrane / Q000473:pathology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054422:Chemokine CCL22 / Q000378:metabolism; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D008028:Light Coagulation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D054422:Chemokine CCL22; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; C036763:monocyte-macrophage differentiation antigen; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C544448:Arg1 protein, mouse; D001119:Arginase