title: C-type lectin receptors in tuberculosis: what we know.
abstract: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the etiologic agent of tuberculosis (TB), is recognized by a number of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), either soluble or predominantly expressed on the surface of various cells of innate and adaptive immunity. C-type lectin receptors (CTLRs) are a class of PRRs which can recognize a variety of endogenous and exogenous ligands, thereby playing a crucial role in immunity, as well as in maintaining homeostasis. Mtb surface ligands, including mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan and cord factor, are important immune modulators which recently have been found to be directly recognized by several CTLRs. Receptor ligation is followed by cellular activation, mainly via nuclear factor κB mediated by a series of adaptors with subsequent expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mtb recognition by CTLRs and their cross talk with other PRRs on immune cells is of key importance for the better understanding of the Mtb-induced complexity of the host immune responses. Epidemiological studies have shown that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in several PRRs, as well as the adaptors in their signaling cascades, are directly involved in the susceptibility for developing disease and the disease outcome. In addition, an increasing number of CTLRs have been studied for their functional effects in the pathogenesis of TB. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the various roles played by different CTLRs in TB, as well as the role of their SNPs associated with disease susceptibility and outcome in different human populations.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charite Campus Mitte, Rahel Hirsch Weg 3, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Surabhi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goyal
authors.affiliation: Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 10, 07745, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Tilman E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Klassert
authors.affiliation: Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 10, 07745, Jena, Germany. Hortense.Slevogt@med.uni-jena.de.
authors.forename: Hortense
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Slevogt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D037222:Collectins / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008024:Ligands; D037601:Mannose-Binding Lectin / Q000378:metabolism; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011485:Protein Binding; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D037222:Collectins; D016207:Cytokines; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008024:Ligands; D037601:Mannose-Binding Lectin; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface
keywords: C-type lectin receptors; Cell signaling pathways; PRRs; Single nucleotide polymorphisms; Tuberculosis