title: Obesity in British children with and without intellectual disability: cohort study.
abstract: Reducing the prevalence of and inequities in the distribution of child obesity will require developing interventions that are sensitive to the situation of 'high risk' groups of children. Children with intellectual disability appear to be one such group. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of obesity in children with and without intellectual disability in a longitudinal representative sample of British children and identify risk factors associated with obesity at age 11.
  
  
  
  Information was collected on a nationally representative sample of over 18,000 at ages 9 months, 3, 5, 7 and 11 years. We used UK 1990 gender-specific growth reference charts and the LMS Growth programme to identify age and gender-specific overweight and obesity BMI thresholds for each child at ages 5, 7 and 11 years.
  
  
  
  Children with intellectual disabilities were significantly more likely than other children to be obese at ages five (OR = 1.32[1.03-1.68]), seven (OR = 1.39[1.05-1.83]) and eleven (OR = 1.68[1.39-2.03]). At ages five and seven increased risk of obesity among children with intellectual disabilities was only apparent among boys. Among children with intellectual disability risk of obesity at age eleven was associated with persistent maternal obesity, maternal education, child ethnicity and being bullied at age five.
  
  
  
  Children with intellectual disability are a high-risk group for the development of obesity, accounting for 5-6 % of all obese children. Interventions to reduce the prevalence and inequities in the distribution of child obesity will need to take account of the specific situation of this group of children.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Disability Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK. eric.emerson@lancaster.ac.uk.|Centre for Disability Research and Policy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. eric.emerson@lancaster.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Emerson
authors.affiliation: Centre for Disability Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.affiliation: Centre for Disability Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
authors.forename: Susannah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baines
authors.affiliation: Centre for Disability Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hatton
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D057238:Growth Charts; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology