title: Protein Supplementation Has Minimal Effects on Muscle Adaptations during Resistance Exercise Training in Young Men: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.
abstract: To our knowledge the efficacy of soy-dairy protein blend (PB) supplementation with resistance exercise training (RET) has not been evaluated in a longitudinal study.
  
  
  
  Our aim was to determine the effect of PB supplementation during RET on muscle adaptation.
  
  
  
  In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, healthy young men [18-30 y; BMI (in kg/m(2)): 25 ± 0.5] participated in supervised whole-body RET at 60-80% 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) for 3 d/wk for 12 wk with random assignment to daily receive 22 g PB (n = 23), whey protein (WP) isolate (n = 22), or an isocaloric maltodextrin (carbohydrate) placebo [(MDP) n = 23]. Serum testosterone, muscle strength, thigh muscle thickness (MT), myofiber cross-sectional area (mCSA), and lean body mass (LBM) were assessed before and after 6 and 12 wk of RET.
  
  
  
  All treatments increased LBM (P < 0.001). ANCOVA did not identify an overall treatment effect at 12 wk (P = 0.11). There tended to be a greater change in LBM from baseline to 12 wk in the PB group than in the MDP group (0.92 kg; 95% CI: -0.12, 1.95 kg; P = 0.09); however, changes in the WP and MDP groups did not differ. Pooling data from combined PB and WP treatments showed a trend for greater change in LBM from baseline to 12 wk compared with MDP treatment (0.69 kg; 95% CI: -0.08, 1.46 kg; P = 0.08). Muscle strength, mCSA, and MT increased (P < 0.05) similarly for all treatments and were not different (P > 0.10) between treatments. Testosterone was not altered.
  
  
  
  PB supplementation during 3 mo of RET tended to slightly enhance gains in whole-body and arm LBM, but not leg muscle mass, compared with RET without protein supplementation. Although protein supplementation minimally enhanced gains in LBM of healthy young men, there was no enhancement of gains in strength. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01749189.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rehabilitation Sciences; Departments of Nutrition and Metabolism.
authors.forename: Paul T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Reidy
authors.affiliation: Division of Rehabilitation Sciences; Departments of Nutrition and Metabolism.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Borack
authors.affiliation: Sealy Center on Aging; and.
authors.forename: Melissa M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Markofski
authors.affiliation: Division of Rehabilitation Sciences; Departments of Nutrition and Metabolism.
authors.forename: Jared M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dickinson
authors.affiliation: Sealy Center on Aging; and.
authors.forename: Rachel R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Deer
authors.affiliation: Sealy Center on Aging; and.
authors.forename: Syed H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Husaini
authors.affiliation: Division of Rehabilitation Sciences; Departments of Nutrition and Metabolism.
authors.forename: Dillon K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; and.
authors.forename: Sherry
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Igbinigie
authors.affiliation: Departments of Nutrition and Metabolism.
authors.forename: Shay M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.affiliation: DuPont Nutrition & Health, St. Louis, MO.
authors.forename: Mark B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Cope
authors.affiliation: DuPont Nutrition & Health, St. Louis, MO.
authors.forename: Ratna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mukherjea
authors.affiliation: DuPont Nutrition & Health, St. Louis, MO.
authors.forename: Janine M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hall-Porter
authors.affiliation: Preventive Medicine and Community Health, and.
authors.forename: Kristofer
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jennings
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine/Geriatrics; Sealy Center on Aging; and.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Volpi
authors.affiliation: Division of Rehabilitation Sciences; Departments of Nutrition and Metabolism, Sealy Center on Aging; and blrasmus@utmb.edu.
authors.forename: Blake B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000187:drug effects; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects*; D055070:Resistance Training; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D000067816:Whey Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000067816:Whey Proteins; D013739:Testosterone
keywords: animal proteins; function; milk proteins; muscle mass; plant protein; strength training; weight training