title: Determination of type A trichothecenes in coix seed by magnetic solid-phase extraction based on magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: Magnetic solid-phase extraction (m-SPE) is a promising sample preparation approach due to its convenience, speed, and simplicity. For the first time, a rapid and reliable m-SPE approach using magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (m-MWCNTs) as the adsorbent was proposed for purification of type A trichothecenes including T-2 toxins (T2), HT-2 toxins (HT-2), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), and neosolaniol (NEO) in coix seed. The m-MWCNTs were synthesized by assembling the magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) with MWCNTs by sonication through an aggregation wrap mechanism, and characterized by transmission electron microscope. Several key parameters affecting the performance of the procedure were extensively investigated including extraction solutions, desorption solvents, and m-MWCNT amounts. Under the optimal sample preparation conditions followed by analysis with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), high sensitivity (limit of quantification in the range of 0.3-1.5 μg kg(-1)), good linearity (R (2) > 0.99), satisfactory recovery (73.6-90.6 %), and acceptable precision (≤2.5 %) were obtained. The analytical performance of the developed method has also been successfully evaluated in real coix seed samples. Graphical Abstract Flow chart of determination of type A trichothecenes in coix seed by magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Agri-food Standards & Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, China.
authors.forename: Maofeng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Institute for Agri-food Standards & Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, China.
authors.forename: Wenshuai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Si
authors.affiliation: Institute for Agri-food Standards & Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, China.
authors.forename: Weimin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute for Agri-food Standards & Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Institute for Agri-food Standards & Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, China.
authors.forename: Dongxia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: Institute for Agri-food Standards & Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, China.
authors.forename: Weiguo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Institute for Agri-food Standards & Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, China.
authors.forename: Zhihui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China. yirongguo@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yirong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Institute for Agri-food Standards & Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, China. hanzheng_ok@163.com.|Laboratory of Food Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. hanzheng_ok@163.com.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D031742:Coix / Q000737:chemistry*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008280:Magnetics / Q000379:methods; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D013605:T-2 Toxin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D014255:Trichothecenes; C016009:neosolaniol; D013605:T-2 Toxin; C012351:HT-2 toxin; C001809:diacetoxyscirpenol
keywords: Coix seed; Magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes; Magnetic solid-phase extraction; Type A trichothecenes; Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry