title: Paper-based diagnostic devices for clinical paraquat poisoning diagnosis.
abstract: This article unveils the development of a paper-based analytical device designed to rapidly detect and clinically diagnose paraquat (PQ) poisoning. Using wax printing technology, we fabricated a PQ detection device by pattering hydrophobic boundaries on paper. This PQ detection device employs a colorimetric sodium dithionite assay or an ascorbic acid assay to indicate the PQ level in a buffer system or in a human serum system in 10 min. In this test, colorimetric changes, blue in color, were observable with the naked eye. By curve fitting models of sodium dithionite and ascorbic acid assays in normal human serum, we evaluated serum PQ levels for five PQ-poisoned patients before hemoperfusion (HP) treatment and one PQ-poisoned patient after HP treatment. As evidenced by similar detection outcomes, the analytical performance of our device can compete with that of the highest clinical standard, i.e., spectrophotometry, with less complicated sample preparation and with more rapid results. Accordingly, we believe that our rapid PQ detection can benefit physicians determining timely treatment strategies for PQ-poisoned patients once they are taken to hospitals, and that this approach will increase survival rates.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chen-Meng
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Division of Clinical Toxicology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University and School of Medicine , Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Szu-Ting
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Division of Clinical Toxicology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University and School of Medicine , Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tzung-Hai
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chao-Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cheng