title: The organisational stressors encountered by athletes with a disability.
abstract: Organisational stressors have been found to be prevalent and problematic for sport performers, with research identifying demographic differences in the stressors encountered. Nevertheless, extant sport psychology research on the topic of stress has generally focused on able-bodied athletes; whilst that which has been conducted on performers with a disability has typically recruited relatively small samples to explore a narrow selection of organisational stressors, or examined other components of the stress process. The purpose of the present study was to explore the various organisational stressors that athletes with a disability encounter. The sample comprised 18 elite athletes with a disability (10 male, 8 female) who had a classified disability and experience of competing at a major championships in their sport (e.g., Paralympic Games, World Championships). Participants took part in a semi-structured interview which was analysed by drawing from grounded theory procedures. A total of 316 organisational stressors were identified, which were abstracted into 31 concepts and four, previously conceptualised, exploratory schemes: leadership and personnel issues, cultural and team issues, logistical and environmental issues, and performance and personal issues. This study not only provides the first illustration of the prevalence of organisational stressors for athletes with a disability, but also significantly points to salient similarities and distinct differences between the stress experiences of performers with and without a disability.
authors.affiliation: a Department for Health , University of Bath , Bath , UK.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.affiliation: b Department of Sport and Exercise Science , Portsmouth University , Portsmouth , UK.
authors.forename: Christopher R D
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Wagstaff
authors.affiliation: b Department of Sport and Exercise Science , Portsmouth University , Portsmouth , UK.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Steadman
authors.affiliation: a Department for Health , University of Bath , Bath , UK.
authors.forename: Yasmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pratt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000523:psychology; D003142:Communication; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007857:Leadership; D008297:Male; D015279:Organizational Culture; D010559:Personnel Management; D064846:Sports for Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Demand; Paralympic; disability; elite; organisational stressors; performance