title: Temporomandibular joint ankylosis after condylar dislocation into the middle cranial fossa: A case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dislocation of the mandibular condyle into the middle cranial fossa after a trauma is a rare event. The lack of appropriate treatment can lead to ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). We report about a case of TMJ ankylosis following intracranial dislocation of the mandibular condyle through the roof of the articular fossa.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 9-year-old patient was referred for a severe limitation of mouth opening that began progressively one year before. A history of chin injury due to an accidental fall was found. Preoperative CT scan showed a TMJ ankylosis on the right side combined with a dislocation of the mandibular condyle into the middle cranial fossa. Treatment consisted in an intracranial resection of the mandibular condyle, partial removal of the ankylosis block and TMJ arthroplasty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our case is the second case of TMJ ankylosis following intracranial dislocation of the mandibular condyle and treated with arthroplasty alone published in the English literature. There is no consensus regarding the pathophysiology of TMJ ankylosis and regarding the attitude towards the ankylosis block. In our case, no recurrence was noticed after a one-year follow-up. An interdisciplinary approach is needed, including maxillofacial surgeon, neurosurgeon, physiotherapist and orthodontist.
authors.affiliation: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, School of dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: gabrielzamoranoyoung@gmail.com.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Zamorano
authors.affiliation: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, School of dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Nuñez
authors.affiliation: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service, San Juan de Dios Hospital, San José, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgery Service, Las Condes Clinic, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Otayza
authors.affiliation: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service, San Juan de Dios Hospital, Santiago, Chile; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service, Las Condes Clinic, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.affiliation: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, School of dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service, San Juan de Dios Hospital, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Donoso-Hofer
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D000844:Ankylosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D035301:Cranial Fossa, Middle / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Ankylose temporo-mandibulaire; Condyle mandibulaire; Dislocation; Fosse cérébrale moyenne; Intracranial; Intracrânienne; Luxation; Mandibular condyle; Middle cranial fossa; Temporomandibular joint ankylosis