title: Initial results of selective renal parenchymal clamping with an adjustable kidney clamp in nephron-sparing surgery: an easy way to minimise renal ischaemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A renal parenchymal clamp has been used at our centre since March 2012. It is used in position over the kidney to achieve optimal vascular control of a tumour while minimising parenchymal ischaemia. This study aimed to report the feasibility, surgical outcome, and oncological control of a kidney clamp in partial nephrectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted at a teaching hospital in Hong Kong. Partial nephrectomies performed from January 2009 to March 2015 were reviewed. The tumour characteristics and surgical outcomes of kidney clamp were studied and compared with traditional hilar clamping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 92 patients were identified during the study period. Kidney clamps were used in 20 patients and hilar clamping in 72, with a mean follow-up of 27 and 37 months, respectively. For patients in whom a kidney clamp was applied, all tumours were exophytic to a different extent and the majority (90%) were located at the polar region. The PADUA (preoperative aspects and dimensions used for an anatomical) classification nephrometry score was also lower than those in whom hilar clamping was used (7.07 vs 8.34; P=0.002). The clamp was used in open, laparoscopic, and robot-assisted surgery. Operating time was shorter (207 ± 72 mins vs 306 ± 80 mins; P<0.001) and estimated blood loss was lower (205 ± 191 mL vs 331 ± 275 mL; P=0.045) with kidney clamp. No acute kidney injury occurred. Postoperative renal function was comparable between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Partial nephrectomy using parenchymal clamping is safe and feasible in selected cases. The postoperative renal function and oncological control were satisfactory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Yiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Tsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000601:surgery*; D003250:Constriction; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D061646:Operative Time; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Carcinoma, renal cell/surgery; Nephrectomy; Suture techniques