title: Management of Proteinuria in Dogs and Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease.
abstract: Proteinuria is a negative prognostic indicator for dogs and cats with chronic kidney disease. A normal dog or cat should excrete very little protein and have a urine protein:creatinine ratio that is less than 0.4 or less than 0.2, respectively; persistent proteinuria above this magnitude warrants attention. Administration of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and/or angiotensin receptor blockers, blood pressure control and nutritional modification are considered a standard of care for renal proteinuria. Renal biopsy and administration of immunosuppressive agents should be considered in animals with glomerular proteinuria that have not responded to standard therapy. Targeted patient monitoring is essential when instituting management of proteinuria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1052 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA. Electronic address: slvaden@ncsu.edu.
authors.forename: Shelly L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Vaden
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Elliott
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000652:urine*; D002415:Cats; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000652:urine*; D004285:Dogs; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000628:therapy / Q000652:urine / Q000662:veterinary*
keywords: Aldosterone; Angiotensin; Chronic kidney disease; Glomerular; Hypertension; Proteinuria; Urine protein:creatinine ratio