title: Cardiovascular response during urodynamics in individuals with spinal cord injury.
abstract: METHODS
  Retrospective chart review.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To establish the frequency and severity of autonomic dysreflexia (AD) during urodynamics among individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) and to investigate the possible effect of the number of years since SCI on the severity of AD.
  
  
  METHODS
  SCI outpatient clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was undertaken of individuals with SCI who were seen at an outpatient clinic and could potentially develop an episode of AD (T6 and above). Data regarding age, gender, urodynamic examination, lower urinary tract function, cardiovascular parameters and SCI were collected. In addition, information on signs and symptoms of AD were retrieved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 76 individuals with SCI were examined with blood pressure (BP) monitoring. The majority had cervical SCI (79%). The mean age was 47.8±13.9 years. The median duration after SCI was 51.5 months. During urodynamics, a total of 48 (63.2%) individuals showed an increase in systolic BP>20 mm Hg, meeting the criteria for AD. Indicators for higher incidences of AD were cervical SCI, being >2 years after SCI, the presence of detrusor sphincter dyssynergia (DSD) and low bladder compliance. AD was more severe in individuals with complete (American Spinal Cord Association (ASIA) impairment scale (AIS) A) injuries, worse with greater time after SCI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals with cervical SCI, DSD, poor bladder compliance or >2 years after SCI were associated with a higher possibility of developing AD during urodynamics. Furthermore, AD was more severe in complete (AIS A) individuals and was exacerbated with time after injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.|International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: M-W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Spinal Cord Injuries, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Biering-Sørensen
authors.affiliation: International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.|Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.|GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Krassioukov
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D020211:Autonomic Dysreflexia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult