title: Fecal microbiota transplantation in inflammatory bowel disease: the quest for the holy grail.
abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is due to an aberrant immune response toward luminal antigens, probably commensal bacteria, in genetically susceptible subjects and is also influenced by environmental factors. An imbalanced intestinal microbiota known as "dysbiosis," characterized by an increased proportion of pro-inflammatory microorganisms and a decreased proportion of anti-inflammatory microorganisms, has been repeatedly observed in IBD and is now recognized as a key factor in the gut inflammatory process. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has gained interest as a novel treatment option in IBD. The goal of FMT in IBD is not only to correct the dysbiosis, but also to restore a normal dialog between the host immune system and the microbiota. Data are still scarce, but the results of the first studies suggest that FMT could be a promising therapy in IBD. More studies are needed to define the best indications, optimal timing, frequency, mode of delivery, and the optimal donor for each patient.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.|Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France.|French Group of Faecal Microbiota Transplantation (GFTF).
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pigneur
authors.affiliation: French Group of Faecal Microbiota Transplantation (GFTF).|Sorbonne University-UPMC Paris 06, INSERM ERL 1157, Avenir Team Gut Microbiota and Immunity, UMR 7203, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France.|INRA, UMR1319 Micalis and AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France.|Department of Gastroenterology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sokol
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D000069467:Fecal Microbiota Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D064307:Microbiota; D013997:Time Factors; D014019:Tissue Donors; D016896:Treatment Outcome