title: 5'-NUCLEOTIDASES OF NAJA NAJA KARACHIENSIS SNAKE VENOM: THEIR DETERMINATION, TOXICITIES AND REMEDIAL APPROACH BY NATURAL INHIBITORS (MEDICINAL PLANTS).
abstract: Present study was carried out regarding enzymatic assay for 5'-nucleotidase enzymes present in snake venom Naja naja karachiensis and to evaluate twenty eight medicinal plants as their antidotes. Elevated enzymatic activities i.e., 119, 183, 262 and 335 U/mL were observed in 10, 20, 30 and 40 µg of crude venom, respectively, in dose dependent manner. Among various plant extracts only two (Bauhinia vaiiegate L. and Citms linion (L.) Burm. f.) were found 94% effective at 160 µg to neutralize 112 U/mL activities (p 0.5) while reference standard was proved 93.2% useful at 80 pg to halt 111 U/mL activities. Cedrus deodara G. Don, Enicostemna hyssopifolium (Willd.) Verdoom, Terminalia arjuma Wight & Am. and Zingiber officinalis Rosc. (at 160 µg) were found ≥90% effective (0.5 ≥ p ≥ 0.1) while Citrulus colocynthis, Fogonia cretica L., Rhazya stticta Dcne and Stenolobiun stans (L.) D. Don (at 320 µg) were proved 90% effective (0.05 ≥ p ≥ 0.02). The remaining plant extracts were observed abortive (p ≥ 0.001) in neutralization of 5'-nucleotidases enzymatic actions. This study emphasizes further characterization of active plant extracts to further explore the antivenom influences of these herbal remedies against deleterious effects produced by 5'-nucleotidase enzymes after snake bite envenomation.
authors.forename: Muhammad Hassham Hassan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Bin Asd
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.forename: Muhammad Rouf
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Akram
authors.forename: Naeem Raza
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Khawaja
authors.forename: Saiqa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muneer
authors.forename: Muhammad Zubair
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Shabbir
authors.forename: Muhammad Saqib
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Ghulam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Murtaza
authors.forename: Izhar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hussain
mesh_terms: D015720:5'-Nucleotidase / Q000032:analysis* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D000997:Antivenins / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004546:Elapid Venoms / Q000201:enzymology*; D017815:Elapidae; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D012909:Snake Bites / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000997:Antivenins; D004546:Elapid Venoms; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D015720:5'-Nucleotidase