title: Assessment of cochlear nerve deficiency and its effect on normal maturation of auditory tract by diffusion kurtosis imaging and diffusion tensor imaging: A correlational approach.
abstract: The use of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was evaluated in assessing cochlear nerve deficiency (CND) and its effect on normal maturation of auditory tract.
  
  
  
  25 CND patients and 25 controls (age matched: 2months to 17years, gender matched) were evaluated by mean kurtosis (MK), axial kurtosis, and radial kurtosis and compared against fractional anisotropy (FA), axial and radial diffusivities in internal auditory canal (IAC), lateral lemniscus (LL) and inferior colliculus (IC). The age related changes of auditory tract were studied through Pearson correlation between estimated indices and age of both CND and control populations.
  
  
  
  Significant loss of MK (IAC: 10.71%, IC: 10.87%, LL: 15.63%) was observed in CND cases as against moderate reduction in FA (IAC: 8.57%, IC: 10%, LL: 7.69%) in all three anatomical locations. Similarly, substantial decline is observed in radial kurtosis (IAC: 27.03%, IC: 33.33%, LL: 31.43%) in comparison to moderate increase in radial diffusivity (IAC: 13.46%, IC: 24.39%, LL: 24%) in CND cases. No statistically significant change was seen in both axial kurtosis and diffusivities. In control populations, MK (r=0.473, p=0.011) and radial kurtosis (r=0.418, p=0.016) correlate positively with age and had no correlation in case of CND cases. FA (r=0.356, p=0.019) minimally correlated with age in control population but showed no statistically significant correlation in CND cases (r=0.198, p=0.036).
  
  
  
  DKI metrics performed better than DTI in assessing microstructural changes of CND. In particular, MK and radial kurtosis are found to be more sensitive enough to differentiate the normal maturation of cochlear nerve from CND cases.
authors.affiliation: NMR Lab, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India. Electronic address: vijayakumar@inmas.drdo.in.
authors.forename: Vijayakumar
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chinnadurai
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Army Hospital (Research & Referral), New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Sreedhar
authors.affiliation: NMR Lab, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Subash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khushu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001306:Auditory Pathways / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003056:Cochlear Nerve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male
keywords: Cochlear nerve deficiency; Diffusion kurtosis imaging; Diffusion tensor imaging; Diffusion weighted imaging