title: Gene Expression Profiling in Fish Toxicology: A Review.
abstract: In this review, we present an overview of transcriptomic responses to chemical exposures in a variety of fish species. We have discussed the use of several molecular approaches such as northern blotting, differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR), suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), microarrays, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) for measuring gene expression. These techniques have been mainly used to measure the toxic effects of single compounds or simple mixtures in laboratory conditions. In addition, only few studies have been conducted to examine the biological significance of differentially expressed gene sets following chemical exposure. Therefore, future studies should focus more under field conditions using a multidisciplinary approach (genomics, proteomics and metabolomics) to understand the synergetic effects of multiple environmental stressors and to determine the functional significance of differentially expressed genes. Nevertheless, recent developments in NGS technologies and decreasing costs of sequencing holds the promise to uncover the complexity of anthropogenic impacts and biological effects in wild fish populations.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic. girishkumar.nio@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Girish
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
authors.forename: Nancy D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Denslow
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005399:Fishes / Q000235:genetics*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D066251:Subtractive Hybridization Techniques; D014116:Toxicology / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Aquatic toxicology; Ecotoxicology; Environmental monitoring; Pollution; Toxicants; Toxicogenomics