title: Siderophores in Cloud Waters and Potential Impact on Atmospheric Chemistry: Production by Microorganisms Isolated at the Puy de Dôme Station.
abstract: A total of 450 bacteria and yeast strains isolated from cloud waters sampled at the puy de Dôme station in France (1465 m) were screened for their ability to produce siderophores. To achieve this, a high-throughput method in 96-well plates was adapted from the CAS (chrome azurol S) method. Notably, 42% of the isolates were siderophore producers. This production was examined according to the phyla of the tested strains and the type of chelating functional groups (i.e., hydroxamate, catechol, and mixed type). The most active bacteria in the clouds belong to the γ-Proteobacteria class, among which the Pseudomonas genus is the most frequently encountered. γ-Proteobacteria are produced in the majority of mixed function siderophores, such as pyoverdines, which bear a photoactive group. Finally, siderophore production was shown to vary with the origin of the air masses. The organic speciation of iron remains largely unknown in warm clouds. Our results suggest that siderophores could partly chelate Fe(III) in cloud waters and thus potentially impact the chemistry of the atmospheric aqueous phase.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal , BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.|CNRS, UMR 6296, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF) , F-63171 Aubiere, France.
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vinatier
authors.affiliation: Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal , BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.|CNRS, UMR 6296, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF) , F-63171 Aubiere, France.
authors.forename: Nolwenn
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wirgot
authors.affiliation: Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal , BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.|CNRS, UMR 6296, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF) , F-63171 Aubiere, France.|L'Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal , BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.|CNRS, UMR 6016, L'Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP/OPGC) , BP80026, F-63177 Aubière, France.
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Joly
authors.affiliation: Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal , BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.|CNRS, UMR 6296, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF) , F-63171 Aubiere, France.
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sancelme
authors.affiliation: Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal , BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.|CNRS, UMR 6296, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF) , F-63171 Aubiere, France.
authors.forename: Magali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abrantes
authors.affiliation: L'Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal , BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.|CNRS, UMR 6016, L'Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP/OPGC) , BP80026, F-63177 Aubière, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Deguillaume
authors.affiliation: Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal , BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.|CNRS, UMR 6296, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF) , F-63171 Aubiere, France.
authors.forename: Anne-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Delort
mesh_terms: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D007501:Iron; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; D011549:Pseudomonas; D017262:Siderophores / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; D017262:Siderophores; D007501:Iron