title: Production of nano bacterial cellulose from beverage industrial waste of citrus peel and pomace using Komagataeibacter xylinus.
abstract: Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a high-purity and robust cellulose that is utilised in medicine, consumer goods, and industrial practices. The present study aimed to investigate the suitability of beverage industrial waste for the production of BC by Komagataeibacter xylinus CICC No. 10529 and to study the structural properties of BC films in both citrus peel and pomace enzymolysis (CPPE) and Hestrin-Schramm (HS, Hestrin & Schramm, 1954) media. Under similar experimental conditions, the yield of BC from CPPE medium was 5.7±0.7g/L, which was higher than from HS medium (3.9±0.6g/L). To evaluate the structure of BC, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and colour evaluation using a chroma meter were utilised. The average diameters of BC, obtained from CPPE and HS mediums, were 50nm and 60nm, respectively. The crystallinity index of BC from the CPPE medium was approximately 63%, which was lower than BC produced from the HS medium (65%). The two varieties of BC showed no significant differences in relation to their colour parameters. Therefore, BC production from CPPE medium had similar properties to BC from HS medium, but it is more environmentally friendly and cheaper to produce.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
authors.forename: Wanying
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
authors.forename: Kexing
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China. Electronic address: Pansiyi@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Siyi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D016947:Acetobacteraceae / Q000378:metabolism*; D001628:Beverages; D001709:Biotechnology; D002482:Cellulose / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D003116:Color; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D005285:Fermentation; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D007220:Industrial Waste; D036103:Nanotechnology
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D007220:Industrial Waste; D002482:Cellulose
keywords: 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (PubChem CID: 11873); Bacterial cellulose; Citric acid (PubChem CID: 311); Citrus peel and pomace enzymolysis; Disodium hydrogen phosphate (PubChem CID: 24203); Ethanol (PubChem CID: 702); Glucose (PubChem CID: 5793); Komagataeibacter xylinus; Phenol (PubChem CID: 996); Potassium bromide (PubChem CID: 253877); Sodium hydroxide (PubChem CID: 14798); Sulfuric acid (PubChem CID: 1118); Yeast extract (PubChem CID: 24973165)