title: Cold acclimation is accompanied by complex responses of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins in Arabidopsis.
abstract: Cold acclimation results in changes of the plasma membrane (PM) composition. The PM is considered to contain specific lipid/protein-enriched microdomains which can be extracted as detergent-resistant plasma membrane (DRM). Previous studies in animal cells have demonstrated that glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) can be targeted to microdomains and/or the apoplast. However, the functional significance of GPI-APs during cold acclimation in plants is not yet fully understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the responsiveness of GPI-APs to cold acclimation treatment in Arabidopsis We isolated the PM, DRM, and apoplast fractions separately and, in addition, GPI-AP-enriched fractions were prepared from the PM preparation. Label-free quantitative shotgun proteomics identified a number of GPI-APs (163 proteins). Among them, some GPI-APs such as fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins and glycerophosphoryldiester phosphodiesterase-like proteins predominantly increased in PM- and GPI-AP-enriched fractions while the changes of GPI-APs in the DRM and apoplast fractions during cold acclimation were considerably different from those of other fractions. These proteins are thought to be associated with cell wall structure and properties. Therefore, this study demonstrated that each GPI-AP responded to cold acclimation in a different manner, suggesting that these changes during cold acclimation are involved in rearrangement of the extracellular matrix including the cell wall towards acquisition of freezing tolerance.
authors.affiliation: United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan Cryobiofrontier Research Center, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D -14476 Potsdam, Germany.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan Cryobiofrontier Research Center, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.affiliation: United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan Cryobiofrontier Research Center, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan uemura@iwate-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Matsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uemura
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization / Q000502:physiology; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D003080:Cold Temperature; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols; D008565:Membrane Proteins
keywords: Apoplast; Arabidopsis; GPI-anchored protein; cold acclimation; freezing tolerance; microdomain; plasma membrane; proteomics.