title: The Frequency and Energy of Snoring Sounds Are Associated with Common Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients.
abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a known risk factor for atherosclerosis. We investigated the association of common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) with snoring sounds in OSA patients. A total of 30 newly diagnosed OSA patients with no history of cardiovascular diseases were prospectively enrolled for measuring mean CCA-IMT with B-mode ultrasonography, body mass index, metabolic syndrome, 10-year cardiovascular disease risk score, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and homocysteine. Good-quality signals of full-night snoring sounds in an ordinary sleep condition obtained from 15 participants were further acoustically analyzed (Included group). All variables of interest were not significantly different (all p > 0.05) between the included and non-included groups except for diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.037). In the included group, CCA-IMT was significantly correlated with snoring sound energies of 0-20 Hz (r = 0.608, p = 0.036) and 652-1500 Hz (r = 0.632, p = 0.027) and was not significantly associated with that of 20-652 Hz (r = 0.366, p = 0.242) after adjustment for age and sex. Our findings suggest that underlying snoring sounds may cause carotid wall thickening and support the large-scale evaluation of snoring sound characters as markers of surveillance and for risk stratification at diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC.|Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei City Hospital, Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei 10629, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Guo-She
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Sleep Center, Linkou-Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan, ROC.|Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Li-Ang
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan, ROC.|Department of Cardiology, Sleep Center, Linkou-Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chao-Yung
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan, ROC.|Department of Thoracic Medicine, Sleep Center, Linkou-Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Ning-Hung
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Sleep Center, Linkou-Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan, ROC.|Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Tuan-Jen
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou-Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan, ROC.|Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33303, Taiwan, ROC.|Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33303, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chung-Guei
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Tai-Pei 11153, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Wen-Nuan
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Sleep Center, Linkou-Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan, ROC.|Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan, ROC.|Department of Sleep Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK.
authors.forename: Hsueh-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D012913:Snoring / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein