title: Acute outcome of treating patients admitted with electrical storm in a tertiary care centre.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Electrical storm (ES) is a life threatening emergency. There is little data available regarding acute outcome of ES.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study aimed to analyze the acute outcome of ES, various treatment modalities used, and the factors associated with mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective observational study involving patients admitted with ES at our centre between 1/1/2007 and 31/12/2013.
  
  
  RESULTS
  41 patients (mean age 54.61 ± 12.41 years; 86.7% males; mean ejection fraction (EF) 44.51 ± 16.48%) underwent treatment for ES. Hypokalemia (14.63%) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (14.63%) were the commonest identifiable triggers. Only 9 (21.95%) patients already had an ICD implanted. Apart from antiarrhythmic drugs (100%), deep sedation (87.8%), mechanical ventilation (24.39%) and neuraxial modulation using left sympathetic cardiac denervation (21.95%) were the common treatment modalities used. Thirty-three (80.49%) patients could be discharged after a mean duration of 14.2 ± 2.31 days. Eight (19.5%) patients died in hospital. The mortality was significantly higher in those with EF < 35% compared to those with a higher EF (8 (42.11% vs 0 (0%), p = 0.03)). There was no significant difference in mortality between those with versus without a structural heart disease (8 (21.1% vs 0 (0%), p = 0.32)). Comparison of mortality an ACS with ES versus ES of other aetiologies (3 (50%) vs 5 (14.29) %, p = 0.076)) showed a trend towards significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With comprehensive treatment, there is reasonable acute survival rate of ES. Hypokalemia and ACS are the commonest triggers of ES. Patients with low EF and ACS have higher mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum 695011, India.
authors.forename: Mukund A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Prabhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum 695011, India.
authors.forename: Narayanan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Namboodiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum 695011, India.
authors.forename: Srinivas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prasad Bv
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum 695011, India.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Abhilash
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum 695011, India.
authors.forename: Anees
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thajudeen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum 695011, India.
authors.forename: Kumar V K
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Ajith
keywords: Acute outcome; Electrical storm