title: Accessing the biocompatibility of layered double hydroxide by intramuscular implantation: histological and microcirculation evaluation.
abstract: Biocompatibility of layered double hydroxides (LDHs), also known as hydrotalcite-like materials or double metal hydroxides, was investigated by in vivo assays via intramuscular tablets implantation in rat abdominal wall. The tablets were composed by chloride ions intercalated into LDH of magnesium/aluminum (Mg2Al-Cl) and zinc/aluminum (Zn2Al-Cl). The antigenicity and tissue integration capacity of LDHs were assessed histologically after 7 and 28 days post-implantation. No fibrous capsule nearby the LDH was noticed for both materials as well any sign of inflammatory reactions. Sidestream Dark Field imaging, used to monitor in real time the microcirculation in tissues, revealed overall integrity of the microcirculatory network neighboring the tablets, with no blood flow obstruction, bleeding and/or increasing of leukocyte endothelial adhesion. After 28 days Mg2Al-Cl promoted multiple collagen invaginations (mostly collagen type-I) among its fragments while Zn2Al-Cl induced predominantly collagen type-III. This work supports previous results in the literature about LDHs compatibility with living matter, endorsing them as functional materials for biomedical applications.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa Roberta Rodrigues
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Rua Botucatu 740, CEP 04023-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Barbosa
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Instituto Biológico, Secretaria da Agricultura e Abastecimento, Av. Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves 1252, CEP 04014-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Maria Cristina Rebello Pinto
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: da Fonseca Martins
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Rua Botucatu 740, CEP 04023-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ivan Hong Jun
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vera Regina Leopoldo
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Constantino
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry*; D003094:Collagen; D006878:Hydroxides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008274:Magnesium / Q000737:chemistry*; D008833:Microcirculation; D053758:Nanoparticles; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002712:Chlorides; D006878:Hydroxides; D003094:Collagen; D000535:Aluminum; D008274:Magnesium