title: Transferring Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage Does Not Increase In-Hospital Mortality.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Comprehensive stroke centers (CSCs) accept transferred patients from referring hospitals in a given regional area. The transfer process itself has not been studied as a potential factor that may impact outcome. We compared in-hospital mortality and severe disability or death at CSCs between transferred and directly admitted intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients of matched severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed all primary ICH patients from a prospectively-collected stroke registry and electronic medical records, at two tertiary care sites. Patients meeting inclusion criteria were divided into two groups: patients transferred in for a higher level of care and direct presenters. We used propensity scores (PS) to match 175 transfer patients to 175 direct presenters. These patients were taken from a pool of 530 eligible patients, 291 (54.9%) of whom were transferred in for a higher level of care. Severe disability or death was defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) sore of 4-6. Mortality and morbidity were compared between the 2 groups using Pearson chi-squared test and Student t test. We fit logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for association between transfer status and in-hospital mortality and severe disability or death in full and PS-matched patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in the PS-matched transfer and direct presentation groups. Patients transferred to a regional center were not at higher odds of in-hospital mortality (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.50-1.71) and severe disability or death (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.39-1.50), than direct presenters, even after adjustment for PS, age, baseline NIHSS score, and glucose on admission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our observation suggests that transfer patients of similar disease burden are not at higher risk of in-hospital mortality than direct presenters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas-Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America.
authors.forename: Farhaan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3464-2111
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vahidy
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas-Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America.
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States of America.|Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America.
authors.forename: Karen C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Albright
authors.affiliation: Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America.
authors.forename: Amelia K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Boehme
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas-Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America.
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mir
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America.
authors.forename: Kara A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Sands
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas-Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sean I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Savitz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010360:Patient Transfer; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors