title: Detection and molecular characterization of β-lactamase genes in clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria in Southern Ecuador.
abstract: This work performed a phenotypic and genotypic characterization of 79 clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae collected in hospitals of Southern Ecuadorin 2013. Our results showed a high incidence of β-lactamases and ESBLs with blaTEMand blaCTX-Mas the prevalent genes, respectively. By direct sequencing of PCR amplicons, the different β-lactamases and variants of the genes were also distinguished. Our results revealed a predominance of TEM-1 β-lactamase and the presence of different CTX-M variants with a prevalence of CTX-M-15. Two infrequent CTX-M variants in South America were also identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first studies describing the genetic characteristics of β-lactamases in Ecuador.
authors.affiliation: Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Loja, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Diana Yessenia Calva
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.affiliation: Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Loja, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Zorayda Patricia Toledo
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Barrigas
authors.affiliation: Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Loja, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Sofía Genoveva Ochoa
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Astutillo
authors.affiliation: Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Loja, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Ana Paulina Arévalo
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Jaramillo
authors.affiliation: Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Loja, Ecuador; Secretaría Nacional de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENESCYT), Quito, Ecuador. Electronic address: aleausil@tin.it.
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ausili
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D052978:Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; D004484:Ecuador; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D010641:Phenotype; D011548:Pseudomonadaceae / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D001618:beta-Lactamases
keywords: ESBL; Genotypic characterization; β-Lactam resistance; β-Lactamase