title: Nuclear myosin I regulates cell membrane tension.
abstract: Plasma membrane tension is an important feature that determines the cell shape and influences processes such as cell motility, spreading, endocytosis and exocytosis. Unconventional class 1 myosins are potent regulators of plasma membrane tension because they physically link the plasma membrane with adjacent cytoskeleton. We identified nuclear myosin 1 (NM1) - a putative nuclear isoform of myosin 1c (Myo1c) - as a new player in the field. Although having specific nuclear functions, NM1 localizes predominantly to the plasma membrane. Deletion of NM1 causes more than a 50% increase in the elasticity of the plasma membrane around the actin cytoskeleton as measured by atomic force microscopy. This higher elasticity of NM1 knock-out cells leads to 25% higher resistance to short-term hypotonic environment and rapid cell swelling. In contrast, overexpression of NM1 in wild type cells leads to an additional 30% reduction of their survival. We have shown that NM1 has a direct functional role in the cytoplasm as a dynamic linker between the cell membrane and the underlying cytoskeleton, regulating the degree of effective plasma membrane tension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics, AS CR, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.|Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Tomáš
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Venit
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics, AS CR, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Alžběta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kalendová
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics, AS CR, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petr
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics, AS CR, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Rastislav
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dzijak
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics, AS CR, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Lukáš
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pastorek
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics, AS CR, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rohožková
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malohlava
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics, AS CR, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hozák
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D002465:Cell Movement; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D048430:Cell Shape; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005089:Exocytosis / Q000502:physiology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D024461:Myosin Type I / Q000378:metabolism*; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D024461:Myosin Type I