title: Identification of Biomarkers of Exposure to FTOHs and PAPs in Humans Using a Targeted and Nontargeted Analysis Approach.
abstract: Although historic perfluorinated compounds are currently under scrutiny and growing regulatory control in the world, little is known about human exposure to other polyfluorinated compounds presently in use. Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) and polyfluoroalkyl phosphate esters (PAPs) are known to degrade to terminal perfluorinated acids and toxic reactive intermediates through metabolic pathways. Therefore, it is important to characterize their human exposure by the identification of unique biomarkers. With the use of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-time-of-flight analysis (LC-MS-TOF), we developed a workflow for the identification of metabolites for the 8:2 FTOH and 8:2 diPAP. Analysis of serum and urine of dosed rats indicated the 8:2 FTOH-sulfate and the 8:2 diPAP as potential biomarkers. These compounds, as well as 25 other fluorinated compounds and metabolites, were analyzed in human serum and urine samples from the general population (n = 100) and office workers (n = 30). The 8:2 FTOH-sulfate was measured for the first time in human samples in 5 to 10% of the serum samples, ranging from 50 to 80 pg/mL. The 8:2 diPAP was measured in 58% of the samples, ranging from 100 to 800 pg/mL. This study indicates the FTOH-sulfate conjugate as a biomarker of exposure to FTOHs and PAPs in humans.
authors.affiliation: Oak Ridge Associated Universities, ORISE Program , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dagnino
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Strynar
authors.affiliation: Oak Ridge Associated Universities, ORISE Program , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.
authors.forename: Rebecca L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: McMahen
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.affiliation: Agilent Technologies, Inc. , 13000 Weston Parkway, Cary, North Carolina 27510, United States.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Program and Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States.
authors.forename: Stavros
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garantziotis
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health , 715 Albany Street, T4W, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States.
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health , 715 Albany Street, T4W, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: McClean
authors.forename: Andrew B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Lindstrom
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids; D000438:Alcohols; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D006801:Humans; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / Q000633:toxicity*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D000438:Alcohols; D015415:Biomarkers; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; D010755:Organophosphates