title: [Multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis of Bordetella pertussis strains collected in the Czech Republic in 1967-2015: spread of a variant adapted to the population with a high vaccination coverage].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To perform multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) of B. pertussis strains from the collection of the National Reference Laboratory for Diphtheria and Pertussis (NRL/DIPE), National Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Prague. The study strains were isolated from clinical specimens collected mostly in the Czech Republic over a nearly 50-year period from 1967 to 2015 (June). The isolates from three periods characterized by different vaccination strategies and trends in pertussis are compared for genetic diversity and distribution of MLVA types (MT). Based on the results obtained, the suitability for use of MLVA in the analysis of epidemic outbreaks of B. pertussis in the Czech Republic is considered.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA samples extracted from B. pertussis strains included in the present study were examined by MLVA using the standard protocol. Data were processed by means of the eBURST algorithm and the calculation of the Simpson diversity index (DI) was used for the statistical analysis. Data were analyzed as a whole and also separately for strains from the three periods: 1967-1980, 1990-2007, and 2008-2015 (June).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen different MT were detected in the study strains, with three of them not being reported before. The most common MTs were MT27 and MT29. MT29 was predominant in 1967-1980 while MT27 was the most prevalent in 1990-2007 and 2008-2015 (June). The DI was the lowest (0.49) in 2008-2015 (June), and comparably higher DIs were calculated for the two previous periods (i.e. 0.667 for 1967-1980 and 0.654 for 1990-2007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MLVA revealed a decrease in genetic diversity and shifts in MT distribution of B. pertussis strains isolated from clinical specimens in the Czech Republic from 1967 to 2015 (June). These shifts in the Czech Republic can be characterized as a progressive increase in global MTs at the expense of the locally unique ones. The most common MT, similarly to other geographical areas with long-term high vaccination coverage, is MT27. The results of MLVA of 136 B. pertussis strains can provide a background for using this method in molecular epidemiological analysis of smaller groups of strains.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lžičařová
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zavadilová
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Musílek
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jandová
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Křížová
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fabiánová
mesh_terms: D001886:Bordetella pertussis / Q000235:genetics*; D018153:Czech Republic; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D010567:Pertussis Vaccine; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014917:Whooping Cough / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D010567:Pertussis Vaccine
keywords: Bordetella pertusis - MLVA - population - diversity - adaptation.