title: Phylogeographical Analysis Reveals Distinct Sources of HIV-1 and HCV Transmitted to Former Blood Donors in China.
abstract: Historically, coinfection of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) was frequent among Chinese former blood donors (FBDs). This is largely due to ignorance/lack of education regarding appropriate sterilizing techniques and/or the availability of single-use needles and equipment. Although HCV shares identical transmission routes with HIV, the source of HCV in the Chinese blood donor population still remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the evolution and transmission of HCV and HIV in the Chinese FBD group. Similar to previous reports, two HCV subtypes (HCV 1b and 2a) and one HIV subtype (Thai-B) were identified in FBDs. The HCV 1b subtype had a similar evolutionary rate of 1.9 × 10-3substitutions/site/year to that of HIV (2.06 × 10-3substitutions/site/year), while the HCV 2a subtype had a faster evolutionary rate of 3.8 × 10-3substitutions/site/year. Phylogeographical analysis indicated that the introduction of HCV 1b into FBDs was estimated to be earlier than that of HCV 2a and HIV (late 1970s vs. late 1980s). Bayesian Skyline Plot (BSP) analysis further confirmed our findings, showing that HCV 1b infections breached a fast exponential growth from 1991 to 1998, while the HCV 2a infections had a fast exponential growth that occurred in around 1996-2001. Overall, this investigation helps to better understand HCV transmission in China and supports improvements of HCV prevalence control.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Gastroenterology, Oncology Bioinformatics Center, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, China .
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: 2 Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Hefei, China .
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Gastroenterology, Oncology Bioinformatics Center, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, China .
authors.forename: Peiyu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: 3 Beijing Centers of Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing, China .
authors.forename: Ruolei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: 4 Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences , Hangzhou, China .
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: 5 Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Biophysics Graduate Program, Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Renzhi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Gastroenterology, Oncology Bioinformatics Center, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, China .
authors.forename: Zhefeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Gastroenterology, Oncology Bioinformatics Center, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, China .|6 Liver Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical School, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, China .
authors.forename: Jinglin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D001782:Blood Donors; D002681:China; D060085:Coinfection / Q000821:virology*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D058974:Phylogeography; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
keywords: HCV; HIV; coinfection; phylogeographical analysis; transmission source