title: Incidence of second hip fractures and associated mortality in Taiwan: A nationwide population-based study of 95,484 patients during 2006-2010.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study is was to determine the incidence and mortality of second hip fracture using a nationwide database.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nationwide epidemiological study was conducted using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from 2001 to 2011. Patients older than 50 years with hip fractures from 2006 to 2011 were included in the study. A total of 95,484 hip fractures were identified, with subsequent second hip fracture occurred in 4102 of them.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence rate ratio of second hip fracture showed a 7.13 fold of risk of further hip fracture in 3 months, 5.21 fold in one year, and remained more than 2 fold in the end of 6th year when compared with the general population. The 6-year cumulative incidence of a second hip fracture was higher in female (8.0%) than in male (6.2%). A significantly higher 1-year mortality rate was seen after a second hip fracture (18.8%) compared to the first hip fracture (14.1%) (p < 0.05). Men had higher 1- and 5-year mortality rates after second hip fractures (12.1% and 41.2%, respectively) than women (17.4% and 47.3%, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with hip fractures would have a 2-7 fold of risk of a second fracture within 6 years. Women were more prone to a second hip fracture than men but men had a higher mortality rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fu-Shin St., Taoyuan, Taiwan; Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan. Electronic address: 9002090@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sheng-Hsun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fu-Shin St., Taoyuan, Taiwan; Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan. Electronic address: ijchen829@gmail.com.
authors.forename: I-Jung
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy and Management, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Chien-Kuo N. Road, Taichung, Taiwan. Electronic address: ylitulane@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ya-Hsin
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Da Chien General Hospital, No. 36, Gongjing Road, Miaoli, Taiwan. Electronic address: spookyfjdp@yahoo.com.tw.
authors.forename: Chih-Yun
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Fan Chiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fu-Shin St., Taoyuan, Taiwan; Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan. Electronic address: 8802032@cgmh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Chih-Hsiang
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fu-Shin St., Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Road, Kuei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan. Electronic address: hsieh2634@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Pang-Hsin
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Hsieh
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D005853:Geriatrics; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009313:National Health Programs; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000150:complications*; D012008:Recurrence; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Geriatrics; Mortality; Osteoporosis; Second hip fracture