title: Ambient Engineering for High-Performance Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Hybrid Solar Cells.
abstract: Considering the evaporation of solvents during fabrication of perovskite films, the organic ambience will present a significant influence on the morphologies and properties of perovskite films. To clarify this issue, various ambiences of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and chlorobenzene (CBZ) are introduced during fabrication of perovskite films by two-step sequential deposition method. The results reveal that an ambient CBZ atmosphere is favorable to control the nucleation and growth of CH3NH3PbI3 grains while the others present a negative effect. The statistical results show that the average efficiencies of perovskite solar cells processed in an ambient CBZ atmosphere can be significantly improved by a relatively average value of 35%, compared with those processed under air. The efficiency of the best perovskite solar cells can be improved from 10.65% to 14.55% by introducing this ambience engineering technology. The CH3NH3PbI3 film with large-size grains produced in an ambient CBZ atmosphere can effectively reduce the density of grain boundaries, and then the recombination centers for photoinduced carriers. Therefore, a higher short-circuit current density is achieved, which makes main contribution to the improvement in efficiency. These results provide vital progress toward understanding the role of ambience in the realization of highly efficient perovskite solar cells.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China.
authors.forename: Jiabin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China.
authors.forename: Xuegong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China.
authors.forename: Jiangsheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China.
authors.forename: Dikai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University , 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Zeguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Center for Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018, China.
authors.forename: Can
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China.
authors.forename: Deren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yang
keywords: ambience; grain growth; morphology; perovskite solar cells; reproducibility