title: Deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and T-2 in grain based swine feed in Hungary.
abstract: Fusarium genera can produce trichothecenes like deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN) and T-2 toxin, which can occur in feed cereal grains. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) tests of different Hungarian swine feedstuff proved that these mycotoxins were present. In this survey, 45 feed samples from 3 significant Hungarian swine feedstuff manufacturers were tested. ELISA methodology validation showed mean recovery rates in ranges from 85.3% to 98.1%, with intermediate precision of 86.9-96.9% and variation coefficients of 3.4-5.7% and 5.9-7.1%, respectively. The results showed that among Fusarium toxins, generally DON was present in the highest concentration, followed by T-2 and finally ZEN in all tested swine feeds. Each of the mycotoxins was found above the limit of detection in all swine feedstuffs. Boars feed's DON (average ± standard deviation was 872 ± 139 µg kg-1) and ZEN (172 ± 18 µg kg-1) results of one of the manufacturers were above the guidance values. It indicates the necessity for efficient monitoring of DON, ZEN and T-2 mycotoxins in swine feeds.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology , Szent István University , Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: Helga
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tima
authors.affiliation: b Department of Applied Chemistry , Szent István University , Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rácz
authors.affiliation: c Department of Oenology , Szent István University , Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: Zsuzsanna
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guld
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology , Szent István University , Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: Csilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mohácsi-Farkas
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology , Szent István University , Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kiskó
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination; D005511:Food Handling; D005513:Food Inspection / Q000379:methods; D006814:Hungary; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008297:Male; D006109:Poaceae / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000254:growth & development; D013605:T-2 Toxin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D014255:Trichothecenes; D015025:Zearalenone; D013605:T-2 Toxin; C007262:deoxynivalenol
keywords: ELISA; Feed; Fusarium toxins; Hungary; mycotoxins