title: Predicting changes in quality of life and emotional distress in Chinese patients with lung, gastric, and colon-rectal cancer diagnoses: the role of psychological resilience.
abstract: Patients with cancer often experience considerable emotional distress, which decreases their quality of life (QOL). Resilience is defined as the psychological characteristics that promote positive adaptation in the face of stress and adversity; however, the relationships among QOL, resilience, and emotional distress in patients with cancer, especially Chinese patients with cancer, are under-researched in the literature.
  
  
  
  Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 items, Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale were applied in this study. Univariate correlated analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to test the associations among resilience, emotional distress, and QOL with a sample of 276 participants. A Sobel test was conducted to determine whether the indirect effect of resilience was significant.
  
  
  
  The mean ratings of QOL (59.2), resilience (20.8), anxiety (43.1), and depression (47.7) were reported. The correlations between resilience and QOL in patients with lung cancer were significantly increased compared with patients with gastric or colorectal cancer (Spearman coefficient squares of 0.284, 0.189, and 0.227, respectively). The highest quartile of the resilience level was associated with a 64% (odds ratio = 0.36, 95% confidence interval = 0.17-0.75, P = .006), 70% (odds ratio = 0.30, 95% confidence interval = 0.14-0.63), and 90% (odds ratio = 0.10, 95% confidence interval = 0.04-0.26, P < .001) reduction in the risk of emotional distress compared with the lowest quartile. The Sobel test indicated a buffering effect of resilience that was significant for depression (Sobel value = 2.002, P = .045) but not anxiety (Sobel value = 1.336, P = .182).
  
  
  
  The present study suggests that psychological resilience is positively associated with QOL and may comprise a robust buffer between depression and QOL in Chinese patients with cancer.
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.|College of Economics and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Zeng Jie
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: College of Economics and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Hong Zhong
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Peng Fei
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Mu Zi
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Yun Fei
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Guang Yun
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: College of Economics and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Shu Ni
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Nursing Department of The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiao Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Quan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D002681:China; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: buffering effect; cancer; emotional distress; quality of life; resilience