title: Immunological characteristics of renal transplant tolerance in humans.
abstract: Establishing allograft tolerance is a highly desirable therapeutic goal in kidney transplantation, from which recipients would greatly benefit by withdrawing or minimizing immunosuppression. Identifying biomarkers in predicting tolerance or early diagnosing rejection is essential to direct personalized management. Recent findings have revealed that multiple populations of immune cells have involved in promoting long-term graft function or inducing rejection in renal transplant recipients. Thus, roles of immune cells add another level to predict the renal tolerant state; tailoring their functional and/or phenotypic characteristics would provide insights into mechanism involved in transplant tolerance that may aid in designing new therapies. Here, we review these findings and discuss the current understanding immunological characteristics of renal transplant tolerance in humans, and their potential clinical translation to immune tolerance biomarkers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jingli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. Electronic address: firstph@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiaojian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D014181:Transplantation Immunology / Q000276:immunology*; D023001:Transplantation Tolerance / Q000276:immunology*
keywords: Immune cells; Immune tolerance; Kidney transplantation