title: Accuracy of three-dimensional facial soft tissue simulation in post-traumatic zygoma reconstruction.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of novel software-CMF-preCADS-for the prediction of soft tissue changes following repositioning surgery for zygomatic fractures. Twenty patients who had sustained an isolated zygomatic fracture accompanied by facial deformity and who were treated with repositioning surgery participated in this study. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and three-dimensional (3D) stereophotographs were acquired preoperatively and postoperatively. The 3D skeletal model from the preoperative CBCT data was matched with the postoperative one, and the fractured zygomatic fragments were segmented and aligned to the postoperative position for prediction. Then, the predicted model was matched with the postoperative 3D stereophotograph for quantification of the simulation error. The mean absolute error in the zygomatic soft tissue region between the predicted model and the real one was 1.42±1.56mm for all cases. The accuracy of the prediction (mean absolute error ≤2mm) was 87%. In the subjective assessment it was found that the majority of evaluators considered the predicted model and the postoperative model to be 'very similar'. CMF-preCADS software can provide a realistic, accurate prediction of the facial soft tissue appearance after repositioning surgery for zygomatic fractures. The reliability of this software for other types of repositioning surgery for maxillofacial fractures should be validated in the future.
authors.affiliation: College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
authors.forename: Z W
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China. Electronic address: drtwd@sina.com.
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China. Electronic address: mydrtw@vip.sina.com.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015051:Zygomatic Fractures / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: 3D stereophotography; computer-aided design (CAD); maxillofacial surgery; soft tissue simulation; zygomatic fractures