title: Multilocus, DNA-based phylogenetic analyses reveal three new species lineages in the Phellinus gabonensis-P. caribaeo-quercicola species complex, including P. amazonicus sp. nov.
abstract: Species complexes in the poroid Hymenochaetaceae are well documented in the temperate areas. Potential species complexes are less known in tropical areas, however. In the last ten years, four phylogenetically and morphologically closely related species of Phellinus (Hymenochaetaceae) were described from various tropical/subtropical areas viz. P. caribaeo-quercicola, P. gabonensis, P. ellipsoideus, and P. castanopsidis They are characterized by cushion-shaped basidiomata, ventricose, commonly hamate hymenial setae, and broadly ellipsoid, thick-walled, pale yellowish basidiospores. Pursuing the studies of this complex, a phylogenetic approach based on DNA sequence data from the nuc rDNA regions ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) and partial 28S (including the domains D1, D2, D3) and on part of the translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1, region between exons 4 and 8) revealed three new lineages or phylogenetic species. Two of these phylogenetic species are composed of exclusively on Neotropical specimens. One of them, described below as Phellinus amazonicus sp. nov., is represented by multiple collections originating from Neotropical, lowland, dense, moist forest at the western edge of the Amazon Basin in Ecuador, the Guiana Shield in French Guiana and (more likely) Trinidad. The second Neotropical phylogenetic species is represented in our phylogenetic analyses by a single collection from northeastern Argentina. It is also potentially known from two herbarium specimens originating from southern Brazil, for which no sequence data is available. It is left for now as Phellinus sp. 1, waiting to gather more specimens and DNA sequences data. The third new phylogenetic species is known by a single collection (pure culture) of uncertain origin. It is thought to represent Phellinus setulosus, a Southeast Asian taxa. From an evolutionary perspective, tree species occurring in the Neotropics (P. amazonicus, P. caribaeo-quercicola, and Phellinus sp. 1) have a closely related genetic background and form a well supported Neotropical lineage.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Graduate Program in Botanic, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Campos-Santana
authors.affiliation: Mycothèque de l'Université catholique de Louvain (MUCL, BCCM™), Earth and Life Institute-Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2 bte L7.05.06, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amalfi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.affiliation: Mycothèque de l'Université catholique de Louvain (MUCL, BCCM™), Earth and Life Institute-Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2 bte L7.05.06, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium cony.decock@uclouvain.be.
authors.forename: Cony
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Decock
mesh_terms: D000569:Americas; D001210:Asia, Southeastern; D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1 / Q000235:genetics; D058974:Phylogeography; D012339:RNA, Ribosomal, 28S / Q000235:genetics; D012340:RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1; D012339:RNA, Ribosomal, 28S; D012340:RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S
keywords: Hymenochaetaceae; North America; Phellinus; biogeography; polypores