title: Endocrinologic Diseases in Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care.
abstract: The objectives of this review are to discuss the pathophysiology, clinical impact and treatment of hyperglycemia, and disturbances in thyroid and adrenal function prior to and following cardiac surgery in children.
  
  
  
  MEDLINE and PubMed.
  
  
  
  Disturbances in glucose metabolism and thyroid and adrenal function are common in critically ill children with cardiac disease and in particular in children undergoing cardiac surgery for complex congenital heart disease. An understanding of the pathophysiology, clinical impact and treatment of these disturbances is essential for the management of these at risk patients.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA. 2Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine and Cardiology, Section of Cardiac Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. 3Division of Pharmacy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH. 4Pediatric Critical Care, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom. 5Division of Medicine Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Carmen L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Soto-Rivera
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Jaclyn E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sawyer
authors.forename: Duncan J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Macrae
authors.forename: Michael S D
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Agus
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D003325:Coronary Care Units; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy*; D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric