title: Analysis of cytokine gene polymorphisms in Mestizo and native populations from Mexico.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the well-known genetic structure of the Mexican population observed with other multiallelic markers can be detected by analyzing functional polymorphisms of cytokine and other inflammatory-response-related genes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 834 Mestizo individuals from five Mexican cities and 92 Lacandonians - an Amerindian group from southeastern Mexico - were genotyped for 14 polymorphisms in the CRP, IL10, IL6, TGFB1, TNFA, LTA, ICAM1 IFNG, and IL1RN genes. Allele and haplotype frequencies were used for genetic structure analysis using F-statistics pairwise distances and multidimensional scaling plot. Ancestry analysis was performed, as well.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant interpopulational differences at the allele and haplotype frequency level were observed, mainly between Northern (Guadalajara, Monterrey, and Culiacan) and Southern (Tierra Blanca and Puebla) Mexican populations. Also, low but significant substructure was detected between some populations from these two broad regions. Interestingly, both Lacandonian populations were highly differentiated from each other and with respect to Mestizos. Consistent with previous data, Amerindian ancestry in the Southern Mexican groups was higher compared to Northern ones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Mexican population exhibits regional differences in functional polymorphisms of inflammatory-response genes, as observed for other genetic markers. This information constitutes a reference for epidemiological studies that include these genetic markers to assess the susceptibility of the Mexican population to several immune-response-related diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, and renal disease, which have been shown to be common in the Mexican population but with prevalence differences within this country.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Medicine Division, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (CIBO-IMSS), Guadalajara, Jal. México.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mendoza-Carrera
authors.affiliation: Molecular Medicine Division, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (CIBO-IMSS), Guadalajara, Jal. México.
authors.forename: Xochitl Helga
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Castro-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Surgical Research Division, CIBO-IMSS, Guadalajara, Jal. México.
authors.forename: Caridad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.affiliation: Surgical Research Division, CIBO-IMSS, Guadalajara, Jal. México.
authors.forename: Eliseo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Portilla-de Buen
authors.affiliation: Molecular Medicine Division, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (CIBO-IMSS), Guadalajara, Jal. México.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Corona
authors.affiliation: Molecular Medicine Division, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (CIBO-IMSS), Guadalajara, Jal. México.
authors.forename: Silvia Esperanza
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Flores-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Molecular Medicine Division, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (CIBO-IMSS), Guadalajara, Jal. México.
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García-Zapién
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud del Adolescente, IMSS, Tonalá, Jal. México.
authors.forename: Guadalupe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ramírez-López
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Patología Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, N.L, México.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gómez-Espinel
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue, México.
authors.forename: Blanca Guadalupe
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Báez-Duarte
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue, México.
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zamora-Ginez
authors.affiliation: Cuerpo Académico Inmunogenética y Evolución UAS-CA-265, Unidad Académica Escuela de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sin, México.
authors.forename: Jesús Salvador
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Velarde-Félix
authors.affiliation: Cuerpo Académico Inmunogenética y Evolución UAS-CA-265, Unidad Académica Escuela de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sin, México.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guillermo Sánchez-Zazueta
mesh_terms: D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008800:Mexico; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Mexicans; cytokine polymorphisms; genetic structure; inflammatory response