title: Preparation of lipid nanoemulsions by premix membrane emulsification with disposable materials.
abstract: The possibility to prepare nanoemulsions as drug carrier systems on small scale was investigated with disposable materials. For this purpose premix membrane emulsification (premix ME) as a preparation method for nanoemulsions with narrow particle size distributions on small scale was used. The basic principle of premix ME is that the droplets of a coarse pre-emulsion get disrupted by the extrusion through a porous membrane. In order to implement the common preparation setup for premix ME with disposable materials, the suitability of different syringe filters (made from polyethersulfone, cellulose acetate, cellulose ester and nylon) and different pharmaceutically relevant emulsifiers (phospholipids, polysorbate 80 and sucrose laurate) for the preparation of nanoemulsions was investigated. Already the preparation of the premix could be realized by emulsification with the help of two disposable syringes. As shown for a phospholipid-stabilized emulsion, the polyethersulfone filter was the most appropriate one and was used for the study with different emulsifiers. With this syringe filter, the median particle size of all investigated emulsions was below 500nm after 21 extrusion cycles through a 200nm filter and a subsequent extrusion cycle through a 100nm filter. Furthermore, the particle size distribution of the polysorbate 80- and sucrose laurate-stabilized emulsions prepared this way was very narrow (span value of 0.7).
authors.affiliation: Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Mendelssohnstraße 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gehrmann
authors.affiliation: Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Mendelssohnstraße 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany. Electronic address: heike.bunjes@tu-braunschweig.de.
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bunjes
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D045703:Emulsifying Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry*; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods; D009757:Nylons / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D013450:Sulfones / Q000737:chemistry; D013594:Syringes
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D045703:Emulsifying Agents; D004655:Emulsions; D008055:Lipids; D009757:Nylons; D011108:Polymers; D013450:Sulfones; C020253:cellulose ester plastic; C022840:polyether sulfone; C005062:acetylcellulose; D002482:Cellulose
keywords: Filter extrusion; Nanoemulsion; Phospholipids; Polysorbate 80; Premix membrane emulsification; Small scale production