title: The Contributing Role of Bile Acids to Metabolic Improvements After Obesity and Metabolic Surgery.
abstract: Obesity and metabolic surgery (OMS) leads to several metabolic improvements, which often occur prior to substantial weight loss. Therefore, other factors in addition to weight loss contribute to the metabolic benefits. This literature review offers an overview of studies investigating bile acids (BAs) and their metabolic effects after OMS. Rearrangement of enterohepatic circulation, changes in BA synthesis, BA conjugation, intestinal reabsorption, and alterations in the gut microbiota are potential mechanisms for altered BA profiles after surgery. Increased BA levels are associated with improved glucose homeostasis and lipid profiles, which are mediated by two major receptors: the Transmembrane G-protein Coupled Receptor and the Farnesoid X Receptor. Therefore, pharmacological manipulation of BAs and their receptors may be viable targets for less invasive obesity treatment.
authors.affiliation: College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA.
authors.forename: Farnaz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fouladi
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA.|University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wonderlich
authors.affiliation: College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA. kristine.steffen@ndsu.edu.|Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA. kristine.steffen@ndsu.edu.
authors.forename: Kristine J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Steffen
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004764:Enterohepatic Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000502:physiology*; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000503:physiopathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts
keywords: Bile acids; Metabolic improvements; Obesity and metabolic surgery; Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; Sleeve gastrectomy