title: The effects of two-stage carotid occlusion on spatial memory and pro-inflammatory markers in the hippocampus of rats.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cerebral hypoperfusion on cognitive ability, TNFα, IL1β and PGE2 levels in both hippocampi in a modified two-vessel occlusion model. Both common carotid arteries of adult male Wistar rats were permanently occluded with an interval of 1 week between occlusions. Learning and memory were significantly decreased after 1 month. This reduction was not significant after 2 months, which may be attributed to blood flow compensation. The TNFα level was significantly increased after 3 h and 1 day. IL1β was significantly increased after 1 day. After a week there was no significant difference in pro-inflammatory levels. Furthermore, there was no difference between right and left hippocampi. It is possible that TNFα and IL1β elevation initiates pathologic processes that contribute to memory impairment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran. m_moghaddasi@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Mehrnoush
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moghaddasi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taati
authors.affiliation: Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
authors.forename: Payman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Asadian
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Khalatbary
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
authors.forename: Raheleh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Asaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
authors.forename: Naser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pajouhi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D065852:Spatial Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: Cerebral hypoperfusion; Hippocampus; Inflammation; Interleukins; Spatial memory