title: Relationship between dairy product intake during pregnancy and neonatal and maternal outcomes among Portuguese women.
abstract: The role played by dairy product intake during pregnancy on neonatal outcomes has raised interest in the last few years. However, studies on this association remain scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the association between dairy product consumption during pregnancy and neonatal and maternal outcomes.
  
  
  
  A prospective study was conducted with 98 pregnant women, aged 18-40, from the city of Porto, Portugal. Socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics were assessed through a questionnaire. Dairy product consumption was assessed with a three-day food diary completed during the first and second trimesters. Postpartum medical records were examined for neonatal and maternal outcomes. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to assess the association between dairy intake and neonatal and maternal outcomes, adjusting for dietary variables and maternal characteristics.
  
  
  
  Compared to the first trimester pregnant women had higher energy intake and lower calcium, iodine and yogurt intake in the second trimester (P<0.05). Total dairy and yogurt intake in the first trimester were positively associated with head circumference and placental weight (respectively β=0.002, P=0.014, β=0.333, P=0.012). Change in total dairy intake between the second and first trimester was negatively associated with maternal weight gain during pregnancy (β=-0.007, P=0.020).
  
  
  
  The findings of this study suggest that dairy product intake during pregnancy may have an effect on neonatal head circumference, placental weight, and gestational weight gain.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal; Lusófona University of Porto, Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport, Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: sandramrabreu@fade.up.pt.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abreu
authors.affiliation: Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal; Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Technology of Porto, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
authors.forename: Paula C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, São João Hospital Center, Medicine Faculty-University of Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Nuno
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Montenegro
authors.affiliation: Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mota
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003611:Dairy Products; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D011174:Portugal; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Dairy product intake; Maternal outcomes; Neonatal outcomes; Pregnancy