title: The NAD(+) precursor nicotinamide riboside decreases exercise performance in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) and its phosphorylated form (NADP(+)) are key molecules in ubiquitous bioenergetic and cellular signaling pathways, regulating cellular metabolism and homeostasis. Thus, supplementation with NAD(+) and NADP(+) precursors emerged as a promising strategy to gain many and multifaceted health benefits. In this proof-of-concept study, we sought to investigate whether chronic nicotinamide riboside administration (an NAD(+) precursor) affects exercise performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen Wistar rats were equally divided in two groups that received either saline vehicle or nicotinamide riboside at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight/day for 21 days via gavage. At the end of the 21-day administration protocol, both groups performed an incremental swimming performance test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The nicotinamide riboside group showed a tendency towards worse physical performance by 35 % compared to the control group at the final 10 % load (94 ± 53 s for the nicotinamide riboside group and 145 ± 59 s for the control group; P = 0.071).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results do not confirm the previously reported ergogenic effect of nicotinamide riboside. The potentially negative effect of nicotinamide riboside administration on physical performance may be attributed to the pleiotropic metabolic and redox properties of NAD(+) and NADP(+).
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agios Ioannis, Serres, 62110 Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Kourtzidis
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agios Ioannis, Serres, 62110 Greece.
authors.forename: Andreas T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Stoupas
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agios Ioannis, Serres, 62110 Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Gioris
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agios Ioannis, Serres, 62110 Greece.
authors.forename: Aristidis S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Veskoukis
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agios Ioannis, Serres, 62110 Greece.|Intensive Care Unit, 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikos V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Margaritelis
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsantarliotou
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Taitzoglou
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agios Ioannis, Serres, 62110 Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Vrabas
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece.|Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Vassilis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Paschalis
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agios Ioannis, Serres, 62110 Greece.
authors.forename: Antonios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kyparos
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agios Ioannis, Serres, 62110 Greece.
authors.forename: Michalis G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Nikolaidis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009243:NAD / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; C018613:nicotinamide-beta-riboside; D009243:NAD; D009536:Niacinamide
keywords: Exercise; NAD+; NADP+; Nicotinamide riboside; Performance