title: A high-resolution map of the gut microbiota in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): A basis for comparative gut microbial research.
abstract: Gut health challenges, possibly related to alterations in gut microbiota, caused by plant ingredients in the diets, cause losses in Atlantic salmon production. To investigate the role of the microbiota for gut function and health, detailed characterization of the gut microbiota is needed. We present the first in-depth characterization of salmon gut microbiota based on high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene's V1-V2 region. Samples were taken from five intestinal compartments: digesta from proximal, mid and distal intestine and of mucosa from mid and distal intestine of 67.3 g salmon kept in seawater (12-14 °C) and fed a commercial diet for 4 weeks. Microbial richness and diversity differed significantly and were higher in the digesta than the mucosa. In mucosa, Proteobacteria dominated the microbiota (90%), whereas in digesta both Proteobacteria (47%) and Firmicutes (38%) showed high abundance. Future studies of diet and environmental impacts on gut microbiota should therefore differentiate between effects on mucosa and digesta in the proximal, mid and the distal intestine. A core microbiota, represented by 22 OTUs, was found in 80% of the samples. The gut microbiota of Atlantic salmon showed similarities with that of mammals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gajardo
authors.affiliation: Aquaculture and Fish Nutrition Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, UK.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodiles
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Trond M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Kortner
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Åshild
authors.initials: Å
authors.lastname: Krogdahl
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Anne Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bakke
authors.affiliation: Aquaculture and Fish Nutrition Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, UK.
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Merrifield
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sørum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000235:genetics*; D064307:Microbiota / Q000235:genetics*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D020317:Salmo salar / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S