title: Post-Decision Wagering Affects Metacognitive Awareness of Emotional Stimuli: An Event Related Potential Study.
abstract: The present research investigated metacognitive awareness of emotional stimuli and its psychophysiological correlates. We used a backward masking task presenting participants with fearful or neutral faces. We asked participants for face discrimination and then probed their metacognitive awareness with confidence rating (CR) and post-decision wagering (PDW) scales. We also analysed psychophysiological correlates of awareness with event-related potential (ERP) components: P1, N170, early posterior negativity (EPN), and P3. We have not observed any differences between PDW and CR conditions in the emotion identification task. However, the "aware" ratings were associated with increased accuracy performance. This effect was more pronounced in PDW, especially for fearful faces, suggesting that emotional stimuli awareness may be enhanced by monetary incentives. EEG analysis showed larger N170, EPN and P3 amplitudes in aware compared to unaware trials. It also appeared that both EPN and P3 ERP components were more pronounced in the PDW condition, especially when emotional faces were presented. Taken together, our ERP findings suggest that metacognitive awareness of emotional stimuli depends on the effectiveness of both early and late visual information processing. Our study also indicates that awareness of emotional stimuli can be enhanced by the motivation induced by wagering.
authors.affiliation: Consciousness Lab, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wierzchoń
authors.affiliation: Psychophysiology Lab, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Eligiusz
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wronka
authors.affiliation: SWPS University of Social Science and Humanities, Faculty in Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Borysław
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Paulewicz
authors.affiliation: SWPS University of Social Science and Humanities, Faculty in Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Remigiusz
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Szczepanowski
mesh_terms: D001364:Awareness / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual; D005149:Facial Expression; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D055815:Young Adult