title: Combination of competitive exclusion and immunisation with a live Salmonella vaccine in newly hatched chickens: Immunological and microbiological effects.
abstract: In addition to evaluating the efficacy potential of a combined use of vaccination and competitive exclusion (CE) against Salmonella exposure in chicks at 3-days of age, a live Salmonella Enteritidis vaccine (SE-LV) and a CE culture were tested for their ability to induce parameters of the innate immunity. Whereas the invasive SE-LV induced an influx of granulocytes and macrophages as well as an increased transcription of several cytokines in the caecal mucosa, the CE culture did not demonstrate any differences in these parameters compared to controls. It is therefore highly probable that the effects observed with CE cultures are not due to the rapid stimulation of the immune system. The combined use of both preparations did not result in an additive intestinal exclusion effect of the challenge strain more pronounced than that after single administration of the CE culture. The combined use of the Salmonella live vaccine and the CE culture resulted in an additive protective effect and prevented completely the systemic dissemination of the Salmonella challenge strain. To exploit the potential of combined use of CE and vaccination further and most effectively, live Salmonella vaccines are needed that are despite their attenuation in virulence still capable to induce both intestinal colonisation- and invasion-inhibition effects against Salmonella exposure.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses at the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Str. 96a, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Braukmann
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Barrow
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis at the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Str. 96a, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berndt
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses at the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Str. 96a, D-07743 Jena, Germany. Electronic address: ulrich.methner@fli.bund.de.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Methner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002432:Cecum / Q000382:microbiology; D002645:Chickens; D006098:Granulocytes; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022562:Salmonella Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D022562:Salmonella Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated
keywords: Chicken; Competitive exclusion; Immune response; Inhibition; Salmonella live vaccine