title: Conferring biological activity to native spider silk: A biofunctionalized protein-based microfiber.
abstract: Spider silk is an extraordinary material with physical properties comparable to the best scaffolding/structural materials, and as a fiber it can be manipulated with ease into a variety of configurations. Our work here demonstrates that natural spider silk fibers can also be used to organize biological components on and in devices through rapid and simple means. Micron scale spider silk fibers (5-10 μm in diameter) were surface modified with a variety of biological entities engineered with pentaglutamine tags via microbial transglutaminase (mTG). Enzymes, enzyme pathways, antibodies, and fluorescent proteins were all assembled onto spider silk fibers using this biomolecular engineering/biofabrication process. Additionally, arrangement of biofunctionalized fiber should in of itself generate a secondary level of biomolecular organization. Toward this end, as proofs of principle, spatially defined arrangement of biofunctionalized spider silk fiber was shown to generate effects specific to silk position in two cases. In one instance, arrangement perpendicular to a flow produced selective head and neck carcinoma cell capture on silk with antibodies complexed to conjugated protein G. In a second scenario, asymmetric bacterial chemotaxis arose from asymmetric conjugation of enzymes to arranged silk. Overall, the biofabrication processes used here were rapid, required no complex chemistries, were biologically benign, and also the resulting engineered silk microfibers were flexible, readily manipulated and functionally active. Deployed here in microfluidic environments, biofunctional spider silk fiber provides a means to convey complex biological functions over a range of scales, further extending its potential as a biomaterial in biotechnological settings. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 83-95. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsuan-Chen
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, Maryland.
authors.forename: David N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Quan
authors.affiliation: Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.
authors.forename: Chen-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Tsao
authors.affiliation: Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, Maryland.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: US Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland.
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Terrell
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia.
authors.forename: Xiaolong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jen-Chang
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, Maryland.|Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.
authors.forename: Gregory F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.affiliation: Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, Maryland.|Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Bentley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001709:Biotechnology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D006801:Humans; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047011:Silk / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013112:Spiders; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D047011:Silk; D011503:Transglutaminases
keywords: biofabrication; biofunctionalization; microfluidics; spider silk