title: Diphenyl Diselenide Reduces Oxidative Stress and Toxicity Caused by HSV-2 Infection in Mice.
abstract: Herpes simplex viruses can cause uncommon systemic complications as acute liver failure (ALT) or urinary tract dysfunctions. Diphenyl diselenide, (PhSe)2, a classical studied organic selenium compound, has a novel antiviral action against HSV-2 infection and well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate if (PhSe)2reduces oxidative stress and systemic toxicity caused by HSV-2 infection in mice. Adult BALB/c mice were pre-treated with (PhSe)2(5 mg kg-1/day, intragastric, i.g.) during 5 days; at day 6 mice were infected with HSV-2 (10 μl-105PFU/mL-1) and post-treated with (PhSe)2for more 5 days. At day 11, they were killed and samples of liver and kidney were obtained to determine: reactive species (RS); malondialdehyde (MDA), and non-protein thiols (NPSH) levels; the activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). The activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA), Na+/K+-ATPase (liver and kidney); alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and the levels of urea (plasma) were determined as markers of hepatic and renal toxicity. The results revealed that (PhSe)2treatment was effective against the increase of renal and hepatic oxidative stress in infected mice and also normalized hepatic and renal ADA activity. It recovered the activity of Na+/K+- and was not effective against the increase in urea levels in infected mice. Different from (PhSe)2, acyclovir (positive control), caused an increase in ADA activity and a decrease in hepatic CAT activity. Considering the interest of alternative therapies to treat HSV-2 infections and secondary complications, (PhSe)2become a notable candidate. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1028-1037, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97105-900, Brasil.
authors.forename: Gláubia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sartori
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97105-900, Brasil.
authors.forename: Natália Silva
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Jardim
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97105-900, Brasil.
authors.forename: Marcel Henrique Marcondes
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sari
authors.affiliation: Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, UFSM, Av. Roraima, no 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brasil.
authors.forename: Eduardo F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97650-000, Brasil.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prigol
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97105-900, Brasil.
authors.forename: Cristina W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Nogueira
mesh_terms: D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006558:Herpes Genitalis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds; C061132:diphenyldiselenide; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C548483:Ada protein, mouse; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase
keywords: HSV-2; KIDNEY; LIVER; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; SELENIUM; TOXICITY