title: Artisanal Extraction and Traditional Knowledge Associated with Medicinal Use of Crabwood Oil (Carapa guianensis Aublet.) in a Peri-Urban Várzea Environment in the Amazon Estuary.
abstract: Várzea forests of the Amazon estuary contain species of importance to riverine communities. For example, the oil extracted from the seeds of crabwood trees is traditionally used to combat various illnesses and as such artisanal extraction processes have been maintained. The objectives of this study were to (1) describe the process involved in artisanal extraction of crabwood oil in the Fazendinha Protected Area, in the state of Amapá; (2) characterise the processes of knowledge transfer associated with the extraction and use of crabwood oil within a peri-urban riverine community; and (3) discern medicinal uses of the oil. The data were obtained using semistructured interviews with 13 community members involved in crabwood oil extraction and via direct observation. The process of oil extraction is divided into four stages: seed collection; cooking and resting of the seeds; shelling of the seeds and dough preparation; and oil collection. Oil extraction is carried out within the home for personal use, with surplus marketed within the community. More than 90% of the members of the community involved in extraction of crabwood oil highlighted the use of the oil to combat inflammation of the throat. Knowledge transfer occurs via oral transmission and through direct observation.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, Km 2, Jardim Marco Zero, 68903-419 Macapá, AP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariane
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3017-3669
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nardi
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, 2600, Universidade, 68903-419 Macapá, AP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Cláudia
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Lira-Guedes
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, Km 2, Jardim Marco Zero, 68903-419 Macapá, AP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helenilza Ferreira
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Albuquerque Cunha
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, Km 2, Jardim Marco Zero, 68903-419 Macapá, AP, Brazil; Embrapa Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, 2600, Universidade, 68903-419 Macapá, AP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelino Carneiro
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Guedes
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, 2600, Universidade, 68903-419 Macapá, AP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mustin
authors.affiliation: Universidade do Estado do Amapa, Avenida Procópio Rola 1346, Centro, 68900-081 Macapá, AP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Suellen Cristina Pantoja
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Gomes