title: Freezing tolerance revisited-effects of variable temperatures on gene regulation in temperate grasses and legumes.
abstract: Climate change creates new patterns of seasonal climate variation with higher temperatures, longer growth seasons and more variable winter climates. This is challenging the winter survival of perennial herbaceous plants. In this review, we focus on the effects of variable temperatures during autumn/winter/spring, and its interactions with light, on the development and maintenance of freezing tolerance. Cold temperatures induce changes at several organizational levels in the plant (cold acclimation), leading to the development of freezing tolerance, which can be reduced/lost during warm spells (deacclimation) in winters, and attained again during cold spells (reacclimation). We summarize how temperature interacts with components of the light regime (photoperiod, PSII excitation pressure, irradiance, and light quality) in determining changes in the transcriptome, proteome and metabolome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
authors.forename: Mallikarjuna Rao
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kovi
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
authors.forename: Åshild
authors.initials: Å
authors.lastname: Ergon
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432 Ås, Norway. Electronic address: odd-arne.rognli@nmbu.no.
authors.forename: Odd Arne
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Rognli
mesh_terms: D000220:Adaptation, Biological; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D057231:Climate Change; D003080:Cold Temperature; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017440:Photoperiod; D006109:Poaceae / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*