title: Effects of immobilization and whole-body vibration on rat serum Type I collagen turnover.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of short-term, high-magnitude whole-body vibration (WBV) on serum type I collagen turnover in immobilized rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into the following 5 groups: immobilization (IS), immobilization + remobilization (IR), immobilization + WBV (IV), control (C), and WBV control (CV). Immobilization was achieved by casting from the crista iliaca anterior superior to the lower part of the foot for 2 weeks. The applied WBV protocol involved a frequency of 45 Hz and amplitude of 3 mm for 7 days starting a day after the end of the immobilization period. Serum type I collagen turnover markers were measured by using ELISA kits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum NH2-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (PINP) levels were significantly lower in the immobilization groups (p < 0.02) compared with the control groups. Although WBV improved PINP levels in the control groups, there were no differences in PINP levels among the immobilization groups. Similarly, serum COOH-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) levels were higher in the WBV controls than their own controls (p < 0,05). Immobilization led to deterioration of tendon tissue, as observed by histopathological analysis with a transmission electron microscope.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although 1 week of WBV had a positive effect on type I collagen turnover in controls, it is not an efficient method for repairing tissue damage in the early stage following immobilization.
authors.affiliation: Hacettepe University, Dept. of Sports Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: gurhan.donmez@hacettepe.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Gürhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dönmez
authors.affiliation: Hacettepe University, Dept. of Sports Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Dept. of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mahmut Nedim
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Doral
authors.affiliation: Hacettepe University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Şenay
authors.initials: Ş
authors.lastname: Suljevic
authors.affiliation: Hacettepe University, Dept. of Anatomy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa Fevzi
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Sargon
authors.affiliation: Ankara University, Dept. of Surgery Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bilgili
authors.affiliation: Hacettepe University, Dept. of Sports Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Haydar Ali
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Demirel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D007103:Immobilization; D010455:Peptides / Q000097:blood*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013710:Tendons / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D014732:Vibration
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D024042:Collagen Type I; D010455:Peptides; C052929:collagen type I trimeric cross-linked peptide
keywords: Collagen; Immobilization; PINP; Rehabilitation; Whole-body vibration