title: Effects of Standing and Light-Intensity Walking and Cycling on 24-h Glucose.
abstract: This study aimed to compare 24-h and postprandial glucose responses to incremental intervals of standing (STAND), walking (WALK), and cycling (CYCLE) to a sit-only (SIT) condition.
  
  
  
  Nine overweight/obese (body mass index = 29 ± 3 kg·m) adults (30 ± 15 yr) participated in this randomized crossover full-factorial study, with each condition performed 1 wk apart. STAND, CYCLE, and WALK intervals increased from 10 to 30 min·h (2.5 h total) during an 8-h workday. WALK (1.0 mph) and STAND were matched for upright time, and WALK and CYCLE were matched for energy expenditure (~2 METs). Continuous interstitial glucose monitoring was performed for 24 h to include the 8-h workday (LAB), after-work evening hours (EVE), and sleep (SLEEP). Three 2-h postprandial periods were also analyzed. Linear mixed models were used to test for condition differences.
  
  
  
  Compared with SIT (5.7 ± 1.0 mmol·L), mean 24-h glucose during STAND (5.4 ± 0.9 mmol·L) and WALK (5.3 ± 0.9 mmol·L) were lower, and CYCLE (5.1 ± 1.0 mmol·L) was lower than all other conditions (all P < 0.001). During LAB and EVE, mean glucose was lower for STAND, WALK, and CYCLE compared with SIT (P < 0.001). During SLEEP, the mean glucose for CYCLE was lower than all other conditions (P < 0.001). Compared with SIT, cumulative 6-h postprandial mean glucose was 5%-12% lower (P < 0.001) during STAND, WALK, and CYCLE, and 6-h postprandial glucose integrated area under the curve was 24% lower during WALK (P < 0.05) and 44% lower during CYCLE (P < 0.001).
  
  
  
  Replacing sitting with regular intervals of standing or light-intensity activity during an 8-h workday reduces 24-h and postprandial glucose. These effects persist during evening hours, with CYCLE having the largest and most sustained effect.
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ.
authors.forename: Noe C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Crespo
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Mullane
authors.forename: Zachary S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Zeigler
authors.forename: Matthew P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Buman
authors.forename: Glenn A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Gaesser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019518:Postprandial Period; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose