title: Soft computing modelling of moisture sorption isotherms of milk-foxtail millet powder and determination of thermodynamic properties.
abstract: Moisture sorption isotherms of spray-dried milk-foxtail millet powder were determined at 10, 25 and 40 °C. Sorption data was fitted using classical and soft-computing approaches. The isotherms were of type II, and equilibrium moisture content (EMC) was temperature dependent. The BET monolayer moisture content decreased from 3.30 to 2.67 % as temperature increased from 10 to 40 °C. Amongst the classical models, Ferro-Fontan gave the best fit of EMC-aw data. However, the Sugeno-type adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) with generalized bell-shaped membership function performed better than artificial neural network and classical models with RMSE as low as 0.0099. The isosteric heat of sorption decreased from 150.32 kJ mol(-1) at 1 % moisture content to 44.11 kJ mol(-1) at 15 % moisture. The enthalpy-entropy compensation theory was validated, and the isokinetic and harmonic mean temperatures were determined as 333.1 and 297.5 K, respectively.
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Southern Regional Station, Bengaluru, 560030 India.
authors.forename: H V Vikram
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Simha
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Southern Regional Station, Bengaluru, 560030 India.
authors.forename: Heartwin A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Pushpadass
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Southern Regional Station, Bengaluru, 560030 India.
authors.forename: Magdaline Eljeeva Emerald
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Franklin
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Southern Regional Station, Bengaluru, 560030 India.
authors.forename: P Arun
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Dr. Sivanthi Aditanar College of Engineering, Tiruchendur, 628215 India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Manimala
keywords: ANFIS; Artificial neural network; Foxtail millet; Sorption isotherms; Thermodynamics