title: Micro-CT Analysis of Bone Healing in Rabbit Calvarial Critical-Sized Defects with Solid Bioactive Glass, Tricalcium Phosphate Granules or Autogenous Bone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study was to evaluate bone healing in rabbit critical-sized calvarial defects using two different synthetic scaffold materials, solid biodegradable bioactive glass and tricalcium phosphate granules alongside solid and particulated autogenous bone grafts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bilateral full thickness critical-sized calvarial defects were created in 15 New Zealand white adult male rabbits. Ten defects were filled with solid scaffolds made of bioactive glass or with porous tricalcium phosphate granules. The healing of the biomaterial-filled defects was compared at the 6 week time point to the healing of autologous bone grafted defects filled with a solid cranial bone block in 5 defects and with particulated bone combined with fibrin glue in 10 defects. In 5 animals one defect was left unfilled as a negative control. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was used to analyze healing of the defects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Micro-CT analysis revealed that defects filled with tricalcium phosphate granules showed new bone formation in the order of 3.89 (SD 1.17)% whereas defects treated with solid bioactive glass scaffolds showed 0.21 (SD 0.16)%, new bone formation. In the empty negative control defects there was an average new bone formation of 21.8 (SD 23.7)%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to findings in this study, tricalcium phosphate granules have osteogenic potential superior to bioactive glass, though both particulated bone with fibrin glue and solid bone block were superior defect filling materials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Research Group in Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu Finland.
authors.forename: Olli-Pekka
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Lappalainen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, OuluFinland.; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, OuluFinland.
authors.forename: Sakari S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Karhula
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu Finland.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haapea
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, OuluFinland.; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, OuluFinland.
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kauppinen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, OuluFinland.; Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, KuopioFinland.
authors.forename: Mikko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Finnilä
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, OuluFinland.; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, OuluFinland.
authors.forename: Simo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saarakkala
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, PEDEGO Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center, Uinversity of Oulu, Oulu Finland.
authors.forename: Willy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Serlo
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Research Group in Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu Finland.
authors.forename: George K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Sándor
keywords: bone regeneration; bone substitutes; bone transplantation; skull