title: Head and neck sarcomas: clinical and histopathological presentation, treatment modalities, and outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sarcoma of the head and neck is a rare condition that poses significant challenges in management and often requires radical multimodality treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to analyse current clinical presentation, evaluation, management dilemmas and oncological outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Computer records and case notes were analysed, and 39 patients were identified. Variables were compared using Pearson's chi-square test and the log-rank test, while survival outcomes were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The histopathological diagnosis was Kaposi sarcoma in 20.5 per cent of cases, chondrosarcoma in 15.3 per cent and osteosarcoma in 10.2 per cent. A range of other sarcomas were diagnosed in the remaining patients. The site of disease was most commonly sinonasal, followed by the oral cavity and larynx.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wide local excision with clear resection margins is essential to achieve local control and long-term survival. There is a need for cross-specialty collaboration in order to accrue the evidence which will be necessary to improve long-term outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust,London,UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stavrakas
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust,London,UK.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nixon
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust,London,UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Andi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust,London,UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oakley
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust,London,UK.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Jeannon
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust,London,UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust,London,UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McGurk
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Oncology,Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust,London,UK.
authors.forename: T Guerrero
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Urbano
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Head and Neck Pathology,Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust,London,UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thavaraj
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust,London,UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002813:Chondrosarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Chondrosarcoma; Head And Neck Cancer; Kaposi Sarcoma; Osteosarcoma; Sarcoma; Sarcoma Management