title: Efficient decomposition of perchlorate to chloride ions in subcritical water by use of steel slag.
abstract: Decomposition of perchlorate (ClO4-) in subcritical water in the presence of steel slag, a by-product of the steel industry, was investigated. Reactivity of ClO4-was low in pure subcritical water state up to 300 °C, whereas adding steel slag efficiently accelerated the decomposition of ClO4-to Cl-, with no leaching of heavy metals such as chromium and other environmentally undesirable elements (boron and fluorine). When the reaction was performed in subcritical water at a relatively low temperature (250 °C) for 6 h, virtually all ClO4-ions were removed from the reaction solution. The concentration of Cl-after the reaction was well accounted for by the sum of the amount of Cl-ascribed to the decomposition of ClO4-and the amount of Cl-leached from the slag. This method was successfully applied to decompose ClO4-in water samples collected from a man-made reflection pond following a fireworks display, even though these samples contained much higher concentrations of Cl-and SO42-than ClO4-.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, 259-1293, Japan. h-hori@kanagawa-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3177-5282
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, 259-1293, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayae
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamijo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, 259-1293, Japan.
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, 259-1293, Japan.
authors.forename: Asako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chino
authors.affiliation: Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P. O. Box 509, Albany, NY, 12201-0509, USA.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P. O. Box 509, Albany, NY, 12201-0509, USA.
authors.forename: Kurunthachalam
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kannan
mesh_terms: D002857:Chromium / Q000737:chemistry*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry*; D010472:Perchlorates / Q000737:chemistry*; D013232:Steel; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D010472:Perchlorates; D014867:Water; D002857:Chromium; D013232:Steel; D005459:Fluorides; C494474:perchlorate
keywords: Fireworks; Perchlorate; Reduction; Steel slag; Subcritical water