title: Oncological Outcomes of Patients with Concomitant Bladder and Urethral Carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The study aimed to investigate oncological outcomes of patients with concomitant bladder cancer (BC) and urethral carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a multicenter series of 110 patients (74 men, 36 women) diagnosed with urethral carcinoma at 10 referral centers between 1993 and 2012. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to investigate the impact of BC on survival, and Cox regression multivariable analysis was performed to identify predictors of recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Synchronous BC was diagnosed in 13 (12%) patients, and the median follow-up was 21 months (interquartile range 4-48). Urethral cancers were of higher grade in patients with synchronous BC compared to patients with non-synchronous BC (p = 0.020). Patients with synchronous BC exhibited significantly inferior 3-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) compared to patients with non-synchronous BC (63.2 vs. 34.4%; p = 0.026). In multivariable analysis, inferior RFS was associated with clinically advanced nodal stage (p < 0.001), proximal tumor location (p < 0.001) and synchronous BC (p = 0.020).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The synchronous presence of BC in patients diagnosed with urethral carcinoma has a significant adverse impact on RFS and should be an impetus for a multimodal approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich., USA.
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gakis
authors.forename: Jason A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Efstathiou
authors.forename: Siamak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Daneshmand
authors.forename: Kirk A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Keegan
authors.forename: Rebecca H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Clayman
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hrbacek
authors.forename: Bedeir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ali-El-Dein
authors.forename: Harras B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Zaid
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mischinger
authors.forename: Tilman
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Todenhöfer
authors.forename: Sigolene
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galland
authors.forename: Kola
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Olugbade
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rink
authors.forename: Hans-Martin
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Fritsche
authors.forename: Maximilian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.forename: Sam S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Babjuk
authors.forename: George N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Thalmann
authors.forename: Arnulf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stenzl
authors.forename: Todd M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Morgan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014523:Urethral Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy