title: Monomeric adiponectin modulates nitric oxide release and calcium movements in porcine aortic endothelial cells in normal/high glucose conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Perivascular adipose tissue can be involved in the process of cardiovascular pathology through the release of adipokines, namely adiponectins. Monomeric adiponectin has been shown to increase coronary blood flow in anesthetized pigs through increased nitric oxide (NO) release and the involvement of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1). The present study was therefore planned to examine the effects of monomeric adiponectin on NO release and Ca(2+) transients in porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEs) in normal/high glucose conditions and the related mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  PAEs were treated with monomeric adiponectin alone or in the presence of intracellular kinases blocker, AdipoR1 and Ca(2+)-ATPase pump inhibitors. The role of Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger was examined in experiments performed in zero Na(+) medium. NO release and intracellular Ca(2+) were measured through specific probes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In PAE cultured in normal glucose conditions, monomeric adiponectin elevated NO production and [Ca(2+)]c. Similar effects were observed in high glucose conditions, although the response was lower and not transient. The Ca(2+) mobilized by monomeric adiponectin originated from an intracellular pool thapsigargin- and ATP-sensitive and from the extracellular space. Moreover, the effects of monomeric adiponectin were prevented by kinase blockers and AdipoR1 inhibitor. Finally, in normal glucose condition, a role for Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger and Ca(2+)-ATPase pump in restoring Ca(2+) was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results add new information about the control of endothelial function elicited by monomeric adiponectin, which would be achieved by modulation of NO release and Ca(2+) transients. A signalling related to Akt, ERK1/2 and p38MAPK downstream AdipoR1 would be involved.
authors.affiliation: Lab. Physiology/Experimental Surgery, Dept. of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Via Solaroli 17, Italy. Electronic address: Elena.grossini@med.uniupo.it.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grossini
authors.affiliation: Lab. Physiology/Experimental Surgery, Dept. of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Via Solaroli 17, Italy.
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Farruggio
authors.affiliation: Lab. Physiology/Experimental Surgery, Dept. of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Via Solaroli 17, Italy.
authors.forename: Fatima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qoqaiche
authors.affiliation: Lab. Physiology/Experimental Surgery, Dept. of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Via Solaroli 17, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Raina
authors.affiliation: Lab. Physiology/Experimental Surgery, Dept. of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Via Solaroli 17, Italy.
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Camillo
authors.affiliation: Lab. Physiology/Experimental Surgery, Dept. of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Via Solaroli 17, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sigaudo
authors.affiliation: Lab. Physiology/Experimental Surgery, Dept. of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Via Solaroli 17, Italy.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mary
authors.affiliation: Gynecologic Unit, Dept. of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Via Solaroli 17, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Surico
authors.affiliation: Gynecologic Unit, Dept. of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Via Solaroli 17, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Surico
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D017136:Ion Transport; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D005947:Glucose; D002118:Calcium
keywords: AdipoR1; Adipokine; Calcium transients; Nitric oxide