title: Dreaming under anesthesia: is it a real possiblity? Investigation of the effect of preoperative imagination on the quality of postoperative dream recalls.
abstract: Images evoked immediately before the induction of anesthesia by means of suggestions may influence dreaming during anesthesia. This study is a retrospective re-evaluation of the original prospective randomized trial.
  
  
  
  Dream reports were studied in two groups. In group 1. dreams of patients who received suggestions, and in group 2, those of the control group of patients who did not. The incidence of dream reports and the characteristics and the theme of the reported dreams were compared among the groups.
  
  
  
  In general, the control and the psychological intervention groups were different in terms of dreaming frequency, and non-recall dreaming. The incidence of dream reports was significantly higher in the suggestion group (82/190 at 10 min and 71/190 at 60 min respectively) than in the control group (16/80 at 10 min and 13/80 at 60 min, respectively; p10 = 0.001 and p60 = 0.002). There were no differences in the nature (thought- like or cinematic), quality (color or B&W) and the mood (positive vs. negative) of the recalled dreams. In general, the contents of the imaginary favorite place and the reported dream were identical in 73.2 %. Among the topics most successfully applied in the operating theater were loved ones (83.8 %), holiday (77.8 %) and sport (63.6 %).
  
  
  
  The results of the present study suggest that dreams during anesthesia are influenced by suggestions administered immediately preceding anesthesia.
  
  
  
  The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier: Q1 NCT01839201 , Date: 12 Apr. 2013.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Judit
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gyulaházi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Pál
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Redl
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zsolt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Karányi
authors.affiliation: Department of Affective Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Lóránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Katalin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary. fulesdi@med.unideb.hu.
authors.forename: Béla
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fülesdi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D004325:Dreams / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period; D057234:Preoperative Period; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013404:Suggestion; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anesthesia; Dreaming; Imagination; Suggestion