title: Analysis of bacterial-surface-specific antibodies in body fluids using bacterial flow cytometry.
abstract: Antibacterial antibody responses that target surfaces of live bacteria or secreted toxins are likely to be relevant in controlling bacterial pathogenesis. The ability to specifically quantify bacterial-surface-binding antibodies is therefore highly attractive as a quantitative correlate of immune protection. Here, binding of antibodies from various body fluids to pure-cultured live bacteria is made visible with fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibodies and measured by flow cytometry. We indicate the necessary controls for excluding nonspecific binding and also demonstrate a cross-adsorption technique for determining the extent of cross-reactivity. This technique has numerous advantages over standard ELISA and western blotting techniques because of its independence from scaffold binding, exclusion of cross-reactive elements from lysed bacteria and ability to visualize bacterial subpopulations. In addition, less than 10(5) bacteria and less than 10 μg of antibody are required per sample. The technique requires 3-4 h of hands-on experimentation and analysis. Moreover, it can be combined with automation and mutliplexing for high-throughput applications.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moor
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMIParis UMRS 1135), F75013, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jehane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fadlallah
authors.affiliation: Institute for Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Albulena
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4519-9493
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toska
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMIParis UMRS 1135), F75013, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sterlin
authors.affiliation: Maurice Müller Laboratories, Departement Klinische Forschung, Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.|Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Maria L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Balmer
authors.affiliation: Maurice Müller Laboratories, Departement Klinische Forschung, Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Macpherson
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMIParis UMRS 1135), F75013, Paris, France.|AP-HP, Groupement Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtriàre, Département d'Immunologie, F75013, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gorochov
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMIParis UMRS 1135), F75013, Paris, France.|AP-HP, Groupement Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtriàre, Département d'Immunologie, F75013, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.affiliation: Institute for Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2473-1145
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Slack
mesh_terms: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry*; D019963:Clinical Chemistry Tests / Q000379:methods*; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial