title: Thin Layer Chromatography-Bioautography and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry of Antimicrobial Leaf Extracts from Philippine Piper betle L. against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria.
abstract: This study isolated and identified the antimicrobial compounds of Philippine Piper betle L. leaf ethanol extracts by thin layer chromatography- (TLC-) bioautography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Initially, TLC separation of the leaf ethanol extracts provided a maximum of eight compounds with R f values of 0.92, 0.86, 0.76, 0.53, 0.40, 0.25, 0.13, and 0.013, best visualized when inspected under UV 366 nm. Agar-overlay bioautography of the isolated compounds demonstrated two spots with R f values of 0.86 and 0.13 showing inhibitory activities against two Gram-positive multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, namely, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. The compound with an R f value of 0.86 also possessed inhibitory activity against Gram-negative MDR bacteria, namely, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae-Klebsiella pneumoniae and metallo-β-lactamase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii. GC-MS was performed to identify the semivolatile and volatile compounds present in the leaf ethanol extracts. Six compounds were identified, four of which are new compounds that have not been mentioned in the medical literature. The chemical compounds isolated include ethyl diazoacetate, tris(trifluoromethyl)phosphine, heptafluorobutyrate, 3-fluoro-2-propynenitrite, 4-(2-propenyl)phenol, and eugenol. The results of this study could lead to the development of novel therapeutic agents capable of dealing with specific diseases that either have weakened reaction or are currently not responsive to existing drugs.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, 1101 Quezon City, Philippines.
authors.forename: Demetrio L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Valle
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, 1101 Quezon City, Philippines; Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, 1101 Quezon City, Philippines.
authors.forename: Juliana Janet M
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Puzon
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, De La Salle University, Taft Avenue, 1004 Manila, Philippines.
authors.forename: Esperanza C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Cabrera
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, 1101 Quezon City, Philippines; Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, 1101 Quezon City, Philippines.
authors.forename: Windell L
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4659-6132
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Rivera