title: Endoscopic versus microscopic stapes surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study to compare the outcomes and complications of endoscopic stapes surgery versus microscopic stapes surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study involved patients who underwent stapedotomy at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University between January 2012 and July 2014. The patients were divided into two groups. Patients in group I were operated with endoscope and patients in group II were operated with microscope. Pure tone audiometry was carried out in all patients preoperatively. Peroperative surgical findings, complications, and duration of surgery were noted and compared between the two groups. Air conduction and bone conduction thresholds were measured at frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000Hz, and the mean (±SD) air-bone gap was noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean preoperative air-bone gap was 36.9±6.8dB (23.3-50dB) in group I and 35.1±6dB (26.6-50dB) in group II. Mean postoperative air-bone gap was 9.3±7.1dB (0-30dB) in group I and 13.5±9.7dB (1.6-35dB) in group II. The difference in preoperative and postoperative air-bone gap between the two groups was statistically significant (p=0.023). Patients in group I did not complain of postoperative pain but this was felt in four patients in group II. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.045).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic stapes surgery has many benefits such as good visualization, and easy accessibility to the stapes, oval window niche, and facial nerve. Removal of the scutum and manipulation of the chorda tympani nerve are less frequent with the endoscopic technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey. Electronic address: surmeli2004@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ozgur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Surmelioglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Suleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozdemir
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozgur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tarkan
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ulku
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tuncer
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Muhammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dagkiran
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fikret
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cetik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D001844:Bone Conduction; D004244:Dizziness / Q000453:epidemiology; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006314:Hearing Loss, Conductive / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013201:Stapes Surgery / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Conductive hearing loss; Endoscope; Otosclerosis; Stapes surgery