title: Renal ischemia/reperfusion against nephrectomy for induction of acute lung injury in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acute kidney injury (AKI) induces acute lung injury (ALI) through releasing injurious mediators or impairing clearance of systemic factors. To determine the links between AKI and ALI, pulmonary and blood variables were evaluated following induction of AKI via different experimental models of bilateral renal ischemia/reperfusion (BIR: renal ischemia with uremia), unilateral renal ischemia/reperfusion (UIR: renal ischemia without uremia), bilateral nephrectomy (BNX: uremia without renal ischemia), and unilateral nephrectomy (UNX: without uremia and renal ischemia).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups. Animals had 1-h bilateral or 2-h unilateral renal ischemia followed by 24-h reperfusion in the BIR and UIR groups, respectively, and 24-h period following bilateral or unilateral nephrectomy in the BNX and UNX groups, respectively. There were also sham and control groups with and without sham-operation, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma malondialdehyde and nitric oxide were elevated by BIR more than UIR, but not changed by UNX and BNX. UIR slightly increased plasma creatinine, whereas BIR and BNX largely increased plasma creatinine, urea, K+and osmolality and decreased arterial HCO3-, pH, and CO2. UNX and UIR did not affect lung, but BIR and BNX induced ALI with equal capillary leak and macrophages infiltration. However, there were more prominent lung edema and vascular congestion following BNX and more severe neutrophils infiltration and PaO2/FiO2reduction following BIR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acutely accumulated systemic mediators following renal failure in the absence of kidneys vary from those due to combined renal failure with ischemic-reperfused kidneys and consequently they induce ALI with distinct characteristics.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physiology, the Medical School , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.|b Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.
authors.forename: Zynab
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physiology, the Medical School , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ketabchi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physiology, the Medical School , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.
authors.forename: Nasim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alebrahimdehkordi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physiology, the Medical School , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.|c Department of Physiology, the Medical School , Bushehr University of Medical Sciences , Bushehr , Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fatemikia
authors.affiliation: d Department of Pathology, the Medical School , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Mohammad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Owji
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physiology, the Medical School , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.|b Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Mostafa S
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Moosavi
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood*; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008315:Malondialdehyde; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: Acute kidney injury; acute lung injury; bilateral nephrectomy; bilateral renal ischemia/reperfusion; unilateral nephrectomy; unilateral renal ischemia/reperfusion