title: Evaluation of a programme for 'Rapid Assessment of Febrile Travelers' (RAFT): a clinic-based quality improvement initiative.
abstract: Fever in the returned traveller is a potential medical emergency warranting prompt attention to exclude life-threatening illnesses. However, prolonged evaluation in the emergency department (ED) may not be required for all patients. As a quality improvement initiative, we implemented an algorithm for rapid assessment of febrile travelers (RAFT) in an ambulatory setting.
  
  
  
  Criteria for RAFT referral include: presentation to the ED, reported fever and travel to the tropics or subtropics within the past year. Exclusion criteria include Plasmodium falciparum malaria, and fulfilment of admission criteria such as unstable vital signs or significant laboratory derangements. We performed a time series analysis preimplementation and postimplementation, with primary outcome of wait time to tropical medicine consultation. Secondary outcomes included number of ED visits averted for repeat malaria testing, and algorithm adherence.
  
  
  
  From February 2014 to December 2015, 154 patients were seen in the RAFT clinic: 68 men and 86 women. Median age was 36 years (range 16-78 years). Mean time to RAFT clinic assessment was 1.2±0.07 days (range 0-4 days) postimplementation, compared to 5.4±1.8 days (range 0-26 days) prior to implementation (p<0.0001). The RAFT clinic averted 132 repeat malaria screens in the ED over the study period (average 6 per month). Common diagnoses were: traveller's diarrhoea (n=27, 17.5%), dengue (n=12, 8%), viral upper respiratory tract infection (n=11, 7%), chikungunya (n=10, 6.5%), laboratory-confirmed influenza (n=8, 5%) and lobar pneumonia (n=8, 5%).
  
  
  
  In addition to provision of more timely care to ambulatory febrile returned travellers, we reduced ED bed-usage by providing an alternate setting for follow-up malaria screening, and treatment of infectious diseases manageable in an outpatient setting, but requiring specific therapy.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Farah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jazuli
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Terence
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lynd
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Jordan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mah
authors.affiliation: McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klowak
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Dale
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jechel
authors.affiliation: Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, UHN-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klowak
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Schwartz/Reisman Emergency Medicine Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ovens
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sabbah
authors.affiliation: Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, UHN-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Public Health Ontario Laboratories, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrea K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Boggild
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities / Q000639:trends; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015397:Program Evaluation; D058996:Quality Improvement; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D018571:Sentinel Surveillance; D014195:Travel; D014329:Tropical Climate; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*
keywords: INFECTIOUS DISEASES; TROPICAL MEDICINE