title: Happy Family Kitchen II: a cluster randomized controlled trial of a community-based positive psychology family intervention for subjective happiness and health-related quality of life in Hong Kong.
abstract: Most positive psychology interventions conducted in the West have been focused on the individual. Family relationships are highly valued in the Chinese collectivist culture, and it is of interest to know whether family-focused interventions can improve the well-being of Chinese people. We have previously reported the effectiveness of a positive psychology family intervention in terms of family well-being. Based on the data derived from the Happy Family Kitchen II project, this paper examines the effectiveness of a community-based positive psychology family intervention on subjective happiness and health-related quality of life.
  
  
  
  Thirty-one social service units and schools organized intervention programs for 2070 participants in Hong Kong. In a cluster randomized controlled trial, participants were randomly assigned on the basis of computer-generated numbers into the intervention group or the control group. The intervention programs emphasized one of five positive psychology themes: joy, gratitude, flow, savoring, and listening. The control group engaged in activities unrelated to the intervention, such as arts and crafts workshops. Subjective happiness and mental and physical quality of life were assessed at baseline and at 4 weeks and 12 weeks postintervention.
  
  
  
  Data of 1261 participants were analyzed. The results showed that the intervention was more effective than the control condition in improving subjective happiness, with a small effect size, at 12 weeks postintervention (β = .15, p = .020, Cohen's d = .16). However, there were no improvements in mental and physical quality of life in the intervention group compared with the control group at 4 weeks (β = .39, p = .494, d = .05; β = -.10, p = 1.000, d = -.01, respectively) and 12 weeks postintervention (β = .71, p = .233, d = .08; β = -.05, p = 1.000, d = -.01, respectively). Furthermore, the booster session was no more effective than the tea gathering session in improving subjective happiness (β = .00, p = .990, d = .00) or mental (β = 1.20, p = 1.000, d = -.04) and physical quality of life (β = .15, p = 1.000, d = -.01).
  
  
  
  The analyses extend previous findings of salutary effects on family well-being by showing that positive psychology family interventions can improve subjective happiness. Suggestions for future research are proposed.
  
  
  
  ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01796275 . Retrospectively registered 19 February 2013.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 5/F William M. W. Mong Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Henry C Y
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Service Development, The Hong Kong Council of Social Service, Wanchai, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Moses
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mui
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 5/F William M. W. Mong Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 5/F William M. W. Mong Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Yin-Lam
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Sunita M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.affiliation: United Centre of Emotional Health and Positive Living, United Christian Nethersole Community Health Service, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yew
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 5/F William M. W. Mong Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. hrmrlth@hku.hk.
authors.forename: Tai Hing
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, 4/F William M. W. Mong Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Sophia S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006240:Happiness; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011584:Psychology; D011788:Quality of Life; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Community-based intervention; Health-related quality of life; Positive psychology; Randomized controlled trial; Subjective happiness; Subjective well-being