title: Cost consciousness among physicians in the neonatal intensive care unit.
abstract: The objectives of this study were (1) to describe the prevalence and correlates of cost consciousness among physician providers in neonatology and (2) to describe knowledge of cost of common medications, laboratory/imaging evaluations, hospitalization costs and reimbursements.
  
  
  
  A 54-item survey was administered to members of the Section on Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine of the American Academy of Pediatrics.
  
  
  
  Of the 602 participants, 37% reported cost consciousness in decision making. Adjusting for years in practice, gender, training level, type of practice setting and region of practice, formalized education about costs was associated with increased cost consciousness in practice (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 3.4; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2 to 9.8). Working in a private practice setting was also associated with increased cost consciousness when ordering laboratory (AOR: 3.0; (95% CI: 1.2 to 7.6)) or imaging tests (AOR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.0 to 4.8).
  
  
  
  We found variation in knowledge of cost. Formal education about costs and working in a private practice setting were associated with increased cost consciousness.
authors.affiliation: Neonatology, Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Center for Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, USC Division of Neonatal Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.affiliation: Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dukhovny
authors.affiliation: Leonard D. Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Romley
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital Association, Overland Park, KS, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: Center for Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, USC Division of Neonatal Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Center for Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, USC Division of Neonatal Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Friedlich
authors.affiliation: Center for Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, USC Division of Neonatal Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.|Leonard D. Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.|Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lakshmanan
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques / Q000191:economics; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003657:Decision Making; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000191:economics; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal / Q000191:economics*; D008297:Male; D009359:Neonatology / Q000193:education / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires