title: Visualization of the structural changes in plywood and gypsum board during the growth of Chaetomium globosum and Stachybotrys chartarum.
abstract: Fungal growth in indoor environments is associated with many negative health effects. Many studies focus on brown- and white-rot fungi and their effect on wood, but there is none that reveals the influence of soft-rot fungi, such as Stachybotrys spp. and Chaetomium spp., on the structure of building materials such as plywood and gypsum wallboard. This study focuses on using micro-computed tomography (microCT) to investigate changes of the structure of plywood and gypsum wallboard during fungal degradation by S. chartarum and C. globosum. Changes in the materials as a result of dampness and fungal growth were determined by measuring porosity and pore shape via microCT. The results show that the composition of the building material influenced the level of penetration by fungi as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Plywood appeared to be the most affected, with the penetration of moisture and fungi throughout the whole thickness of the sample. Conversely, fungi grew only on the top cardboard in the gypsum wallboard and they did not have significant influence on the gypsum wallboard structure. The majority of the observed changes in gypsum wallboard occurred due to moisture. This paper suggests that the mycelium distribution within building materials and the structural changes, caused by dampness and fungal growth, depend on the type of the material.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. Electronic address: anlew@bio.dtu.dk.
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lewinska
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jakob B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Hoof
authors.affiliation: Danish Building Research Institute, Aalborg University, København SV, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ruut H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Peuhkuri
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rode
authors.affiliation: School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Osu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lilje
authors.affiliation: Australian Center for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Foley
authors.affiliation: Australian Center for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Trimby
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Birgitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Andersen
mesh_terms: D002133:Calcium Sulfate; D002597:Chaetomium / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003252:Construction Materials / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods; D025282:Mycelium / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016062:Porosity; D013191:Stachybotrys / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014934:Wood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002133:Calcium Sulfate
keywords: Fungal growth; Indoor fungi; Micro-computed tomography; Plywood; Porosity; SEM