title: Genetic Characterization of Serotypes A and Asia-1 Foot-and-mouth Disease Viruses in Balochistan, Pakistan, in 2011.
abstract: This study reports characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in samples collected from Balochistan, Pakistan. FMDV was detected by pan-FMDV real-time RT-PCR in 31 samples (epithelial and oral swabs) collected in 2011 from clinical suspect cases. Of these, 29 samples were serotyped by serotype-specific real-time RT-PCR assays and were confirmed by sequencing the VP1 coding region. Sixteen samples were found positive for serotype A and eight for serotype Asia-1, whereas five samples were found positive for both serotypes A and Asia-1. Two serotype A positive samples were found positive for two different strains of serotype A FMDV each. Phylogenetic analyses of serotype A FMDVs showed circulation of at least three different sublineages within the A-Iran05 lineage. These included two earlier reported sublineages, A-Iran05HER-10and A-Iran05FAR-11, and a new sublineage, designated here as A-Iran05BAL-11. This shows that viruses belonging to the A-Iran05 lineage are continuously evolving in the region. Viruses belonging to the A-Iran05FAR-11sublineage showed close identity with the viruses circulating in 2009 in Pakistan and Afghanistan. However, viruses belonging to the A-Iran05HER-10detected in Balochistan, Pakistan, showed close identity with the viruses circulating in Kyrgyzstan, Iran and Kazakhstan in 2011 and 2012, showing that viruses responsible for outbreak in these countries have a common origin. Serotype Asia-1 FMDVs reported in this study all belonged to the earlier reported Group-VII (Sindh-08), which is currently a dominant strain in the West Eurasian region. Detection of two different serotypes of FMDV or/and two different strains of the same serotype in one animal/sample shows complexity in occurrence of FMD in the region.
authors.affiliation: Center for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology (CASVAB), University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan.|Department of Biotechnology and Informatics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Beleli, Quetta.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ullah
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jamal
authors.affiliation: ANSES, Laboratory for Animal Health, UMR 1161 Virology (ANSES, INRA, ENVA), University of Paris EST, Maisons-Alfort, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Romey
authors.affiliation: ANSES, Laboratory for Animal Health, UMR 1161 Virology (ANSES, INRA, ENVA), University of Paris EST, Maisons-Alfort, France.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gorna
authors.affiliation: Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Quetta, Balochistan.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kakar
authors.affiliation: Center for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology (CASVAB), University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Informatics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Beleli, Quetta.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: ANSES, Laboratory for Animal Health, UMR 1161 Virology (ANSES, INRA, ENVA), University of Paris EST, Maisons-Alfort, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zientara
authors.affiliation: ANSES, Laboratory for Animal Health, UMR 1161 Virology (ANSES, INRA, ENVA), University of Paris EST, Maisons-Alfort, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bakkali Kassimi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D029544:Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D058751:Livestock; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D065288:Serogroup
keywords: foot-and-mouth disease; genetic diversity; molecular epidemiology; phylogenetic analysis; picornavirus