title: Risk factors associated with bleeding after multi antithrombotic therapy during implantation of cardiac implantable electronic devices.
abstract: Previous studies showed that continuous anticoagulation or single antiplatelet therapy during implantations of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) was relatively safe. However, the safety of continuous multi antithrombotic therapy (AT) in patients undergoing CIED interventions has not been clearly defined. We sought to evaluate the safety of this therapy during CIED implantations. A total of 300 consecutive patients (mean 69 years old, 171 males) with CIED implantations were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into 6 groups [No-AT, oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT), single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT), OAT and SAPT, dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), triple AT (TAT)], and the perioperative complications were evaluated. Clinically significant pocket hematomas (PH) were defined as PH needing surgical intervention, prolonged hospitalizations, interruption of AT, or blood product transfusions. There were 129, 89, 49, 20, 10, and 3 patients in No-AT, OAT, SAPT, OAT + SAPT, DAPT, and TAT groups, respectively. The occurrence of clinically significant PH and thromboembolism did not differ among 6 groups (p = 0.145 and p = 0.795, respectively). However, high HAS-BLED score and valvular heart disease (VHD) were associated with clinically significant PH (p = 0.014 and p = 0.015, respectively). Continuous multi AT may be tolerated, but patients with high HAS-BLED score or VHD would require a careful attention during CIED implantations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.|Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamakura
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Ikutaro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aiba
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamakura
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.|Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akasaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan. kusanokengo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kengo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kusano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006406:Hematoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
keywords: Cardiac surgery; Electrophysiology; Implanted cardiac defibrillators; Pacemakers