title: Effect of a diet enriched with omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on the pig liver transcriptome.
abstract: The optimal ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is important for keeping the homeostasis of biological processes and metabolism, yet the underlying biological mechanism is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to identify changes in the pig liver transcriptome induced by a diet enriched with omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids and to characterize the biological mechanisms related to PUFA metabolism. Polish Landrace pigs (n = 12) were fed diet enriched with linoleic acid (LA, omega-6) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, omega-3) or standard diet as a control. The fatty acid profiling was assayed in order to verify how feeding influenced the fatty acid content in the liver, and subsequently next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEG) between transcriptomes between dietary groups. The biological mechanisms and pathway interaction networks were identified using DAVID and Cytoscape tools. Fatty acid profile analysis indicated a higher contribution of PUFAs in the liver for LA- and ALA-enriched diet group, particularly for the omega-3 fatty acid family, but not omega-6. Next-generation sequencing identified 3565 DEG, 1484 of which were induced and 2081 were suppressed by PUFA supplementation. A low ratio of omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids resulted in the modulation of fatty acid metabolism pathways and over-representation of genes involved in energy metabolism, signal transduction, and immune response pathways. In conclusion, a diet enriched with omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids altered the transcriptomic profile of the pig liver and would influence animal health status.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Science, Jastrzębiec, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szostak
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Science, Jastrzębiec, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogłuszka
authors.affiliation: Animal Breeding and Genetics Centre, Wageningen UR Livestock Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marinus F W
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Te Pas
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Science, Jastrzębiec, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Poławska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Science, Jastrzębiec, Poland.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Urbański
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Science, Jastrzębiec, Poland.
authors.forename: Edyta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Juszczuk-Kubiak
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Science, Jastrzębiec, Poland.
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Blicharski
authors.affiliation: Functional Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.
authors.forename: Chandra Shekhar
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Pareek
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA.
authors.forename: Jenelle R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Dunkelberger
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Science, Jastrzębiec, Poland.
authors.forename: Jarosław O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Horbańczuk
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Science, Jastrzębiec, Poland.
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pierzchała
keywords: Fatty acid profile; Liver; Omega-3 fatty acids; Omega-6 fatty acids; Pig; Transcriptome