title: Grape skin extract mitigates tissue degeneration, genotoxicity, and oxidative status in multiple organs of rats exposed to cadmium.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate whether grape skin extract can mitigate the noxious activities induced by cadmium exposure in multiple organs of rats. For this purpose, histopathological analysis for the liver, genotoxicity, and oxidative status in the blood and liver were investigated in this setting. A total of 20 Wistar rats weighing 250 g, on average, and 8 weeks of age were distributed into four groups (n=5) as follows: control group (nontreated group); cadmium group (Cd); and grape skin extract groups (Cd+GS) at 175 or 350 mg/l. Histopathological analysis in liver showed that animals treated with grape skin extract showed improved tissue degeneration induced by cadmium intoxication. Genetic damage was reduced in blood and hepatocytes as indicated by comet and micronucleus assays in animals treated with grape skin extract. Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase and cytochrome c gene expression increased in groups treated with grape skin extract in liver cells. Grape skin extract also reduced the 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels in liver cells compared with the cadmium group. Taken together, our results indicate that grape skin extract can mitigate tissue degeneration, genotoxicity, and oxidative stress induced by cadmium exposure in multiple organs of Wistar rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo.
authors.forename: Andrea P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Boiago Gollucke
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo.
authors.forename: Samuel R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Claudio
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo.
authors.forename: Hirochi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamura
authors.affiliation: ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Damila R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Morais
authors.affiliation: ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giovana A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Bataglion
authors.affiliation: ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Eberlin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo.
authors.forename: Odair
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Aguiar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo.
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000633:toxicity*; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D002104:Cadmium