title: Direct versus sequential immunoglobulin switch in allergy and antiviral responses.
abstract: Allergy is characterized by IgE production to innocuous antigens. The question whether the switch to IgE synthesis occurs via direct or sequential pathways is still unresolved. The aim of this work was to analyze the distribution of immunoglobulins (Ig) to house dust mite D. farinae and A. alternata fungus in allergic children with primarily established diagnosis and compare it to Epstein-Barr antiviral (EBV) response in the same patients. In allergy patients the only significant difference was found in allergen specific IgE, likely mediated by a direct isotype switch, while antiviral response was dominated by EBV specific IgG and low level of concordant IgA and IgG4 production consistent with a minor sequential Ig switches. Taken collectively, we concluded that sequential isotype switch is likely to be a much rarer event than a direct one.
authors.affiliation: Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklaya St., GSP-7, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation. Electronic address: esvir@mx.ibch.ru.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Svirshchevskaya
authors.affiliation: Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklaya St., GSP-7, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation. Electronic address: fattakhova@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fattakhova
authors.affiliation: Mechnikov's Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Maliy Kazenny pereulok, 5A, 105064 Moscow, Russian Federation. Electronic address: laball@yandex.ru.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khlgatian
authors.affiliation: Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklaya St., GSP-7, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation. Electronic address: boris-chudakov@yandex.ru.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chudakov
authors.affiliation: Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklaya St., GSP-7, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation. Electronic address: helen-kas@mail.ru.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kashirina
authors.affiliation: Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklaya St., GSP-7, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation. Electronic address: d.yu.ryazantsev@gmail.com.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ryazantsev
authors.affiliation: Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklaya St., GSP-7, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation. Electronic address: olga.kotsareva@gmail.com.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kotsareva
authors.affiliation: Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklaya St., GSP-7, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation. Electronic address: skz123@mail.ru.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zavriev
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D000528:Alternaria / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D007223:Infant; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D007073:Immunoglobulin E
keywords: Allergy; Alternaria alternata; Antiviral response; Direct class switch recombination; Epstein-Barr virus; House dust mites; Sequential class switch recombination