title: A Single-Batch Fermentation System to Simulate Human Colonic Microbiota for High-Throughput Evaluation of Prebiotics.
abstract: We devised a single-batch fermentation system to simulate human colonic microbiota from fecal samples, enabling the complex mixture of microorganisms to achieve densities of up to 1011 cells/mL in 24 h. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of bacteria grown in the system revealed that representatives of the major phyla, including Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria, as well as overall species diversity, were consistent with those of the original feces. On the earlier stages of fermentation (up to 9 h), trace mixtures of acetate, lactate, and succinate were detectable; on the later stages (after 24 h), larger amounts of acetate accumulated along with some of propionate and butyrate. These patterns were similar to those observed in the original feces. Thus, this system could serve as a simple model to simulate the diversity as well as the metabolism of human colonic microbiota. Supplementation of the system with several prebiotic oligosaccharides (including fructo-, galacto-, isomalto-, and xylo-oligosaccharides; lactulose; and lactosucrose) resulted in an increased population in genus Bifidobacterium, concomitant with significant increases in acetate production. The results suggested that this fermentation system may be useful for in vitro, pre-clinical evaluation of the effects of prebiotics prior to testing in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Risa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Kengo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.|Research Center for Food Safety and Security, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Itsuko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.affiliation: Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Kosei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.|Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken-Ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.|Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.|RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.|Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.|Research Center for Food Safety and Security, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Ro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Osawa
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000378:metabolism*; D041963:Bacteroidetes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D061249:Batch Cell Culture Techniques; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D044822:Biodiversity; D002087:Butyrates / Q000378:metabolism; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005285:Fermentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D000068536:Bacillota / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056692:Prebiotics / Q000032:analysis*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D019802:Succinic Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D002087:Butyrates; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D056692:Prebiotics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D019344:Lactic Acid; D019802:Succinic Acid