title: Rethinking Suffering: Allowing for Suffering that is Intrinsic at End of Life.
abstract: The dilemma so central to the work of providers of palliative and end-of-life care is the paradox of their professional and ethical duty to try to relieve suffering and the limitations of so doing. While the capacity to sit with suffering at the end of life is critical to clinical work, the idea that some intrinsic suffering cannot necessarily always be relieved may model for patients and families that suffering can be borne. Clinicians who encounter unrelievable suffering may feel a sense of failure, helplessness, moral distress, and compassion fatigue. While tolerating suffering runs counter to the aims of palliative care, acknowledging it, bearing it, and validating it may actually help patients and families to do the same. "Sitting with suffering" signals a paradigm shift within the discipline of palliative care, as it asks clinicians to rethink their role in being able to relieve some forms of psychosocial suffering intrinsic to dying.
authors.affiliation: a Kensington Hospice , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.
authors.forename: Maxxine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rattner
authors.affiliation: b Smith College School for Social Work , Northampton , Massachusetts , USA.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berzoff
mesh_terms: D001293:Attitude to Death; D004645:Empathy; D006117:Grief; D006801:Humans; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000523:psychology*; D000070659:Patient Comfort; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Dying; end-of-life care; intrinsic suffering; meaning; palliative care; suffering