title: Effects of Maternal Diet During Pregnancy on the Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Systematic Review.
abstract: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of leukemia in children that can be affected by maternal diet. The aim of this study was to evaluate maternal dietary risk factors of ALL. We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Springer Link, Wiley Online, Science Direct, Mosby, ISI Web of Science, OVID, ProQuest, and Scopus from database inception until February 2, 2016. Two reviewers scanned titles, abstracts, and keywords of articles after excluding duplicates. We included case-control studies evaluating the relationship between maternal diet during pregnancy and childhood ALL. The search resulted in 2,940 papers, of which 11 full-text articles met the criteria for inclusion in the review and were analyzed. The finding of these studies suggest that maternal diet composed largely of vegetables, fruits, and protein sources before and during pregnancy can reduce the risk of ALL in offspring. Maternal alcohol intake had no effect. Nevertheless, inherent limitations of case-control studies like measurement error, random error, recall bias, and selection bias preclude conclusive evidence. Persuading pregnant women to follow a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and protein may reduce the risk of childhood ALL. Avoiding alcohol intake seems prudent.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nutrition , School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Behnaz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Abiri
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pediatrics , Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran.
authors.forename: Roya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kelishadi
authors.affiliation: c Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland , Finland.
authors.forename: Homa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sadeghi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nutrition , School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Azizi-Soleiman
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D000072001:Diet, Healthy; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D005494:Folic Acid Deficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D010349:Patient Compliance; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology