title: Proactive and Brief Smoking Cessation Intervention for Smokers at Outdoor Smoking "Hotspots" in Hong Kong.
abstract: Increased outdoor smoking is a common phenomenon after indoor smoking bans were in place. A series of observational studies were conducted to evaluate a novel, proactive, and brief smoking cessation intervention at outdoor smoking "hotspots," i.e., outdoor public areas where ashtrays were available and smokers clustered to smoke. The number of smokers at 26 selected hotspots were observed and counted for two consecutive days. Further observations of the smokers' characteristics and brief smoking cessation intervention were conducted at ten of the hotspots with the greatest number of smokers. Responses of the smokers to the brief intervention, including a leaflet and brief smoking cessation advice using AWAR protocol delivered by trained smoking cessation ambassadors, were assessed. A total of 24,034 smokers were observed within 464 h, which equals 51.8 smokers per hour. Of the 5070 pedestrians observed at the ten hotspots during the intervention sessions, 1228 (24.2 %) were smokers. In the 1228 smokers who were approached during our intervention sessions, about two thirds were willing to receive the self-help leaflet on smoking cessation whereas about half received the brief smoking cessation advice. Recruiting smokers and delivering brief smoking cessation interventions at smoking hotspots are feasible and likely effective to reach large numbers of smokers. Studies to evaluate the effectiveness of using this approach for smoking cessation are warranted.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Sophia Siu Chee
authors.initials: SSC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. derekcheung@hku.hk.|School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. derekcheung@hku.hk.
authors.forename: Yee Tak Derek
authors.initials: YTD
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Zoe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Man Ping
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Tai-Hing
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000074285:Smokers / Q000523:psychology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Health promotion; Hotspots; Outdoor smoking area; Smoking cessatin