title: Addressing the High Costs of Pancreaticoduodenectomy at Safety-Net Hospitals.
abstract: Safety-net hospitals care for vulnerable patients, providing complex surgery at increased costs. These hospitals are at risk due to changing health care reimbursement policies and demand for better value in surgical care.
  
  
  
  To model different techniques for reducing the cost of complex surgery performed at safety-net hospitals.
  
  
  
  Hospitals performing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) were queried from the University HealthSystem Consortium database (January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2013) and grouped according to safety-net burden. A decision analytic model was constructed and populated with clinical and cost data. Sensitivity analyses were then conducted to determine how changes in the management or redistribution of patients between hospital groups affected cost.
  
  
  
  Overall cost per patient after PD.
  
  
  
  During the 5 years of the study, 15 090 patients underwent PD. Among safety-net hospitals, low-burden hospitals (LBHs), medium-burden hospitals (MBHs), and high-burden hospitals (HBHs) treated 4220 (28.0%), 9505 (63.0%), and 1365 (9.0%) patients, respectively. High-burden hospitals had higher rates of complications or comorbidities and more patients with increased severity of illness. Perioperative mortality was twice as high at HBHs (3.7%) than at LBHs (1.6%) and MBHs (1.7%) (P < .001). In the base case, when all clinical and cost data were considered, PD at HBHs cost $35 303 per patient, 30.1% and 36.2% higher than at MBHs ($27 130) and LBHs ($25 916), respectively. Reducing perioperative complications or comorbidities by 50% resulted in a cost reduction of up to $4607 for HBH patients, while reducing mortality rates had a negligible effect. However, redistribution of HBH patients to LBHs and MBHs resulted in significantly more cost savings of $9155 per HBH patient, or $699 per patient overall.
  
  
  
  Safety-net hospitals performing PD have inferior outcomes and higher costs, and improving perioperative outcomes may have a nominal effect on reducing these costs. Redirecting patients away from safety-net hospitals for complex surgery may represent the best option for reducing costs, but the implementation of such a policy will undoubtedly meet significant challenges.
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Research in Outcomes and Safety in Surgery (CROSS), Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Derek E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Go
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Research in Outcomes and Safety in Surgery (CROSS), Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Abbott
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Research in Outcomes and Safety in Surgery (CROSS), Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Koffi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wima
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Research in Outcomes and Safety in Surgery (CROSS), Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Dennis J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hanseman
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Research in Outcomes and Safety in Surgery (CROSS), Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Audrey E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Ertel
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Research in Outcomes and Safety in Surgery (CROSS), Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Alex L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Research in Outcomes and Safety in Surgery (CROSS), Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Shimul A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Research in Outcomes and Safety in Surgery (CROSS), Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Hoehn
mesh_terms: D015897:Comorbidity; D017046:Cost Savings; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003663:Decision Trees; D017721:Hospital Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D018803:Models, Economic; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010360:Patient Transfer / Q000191:economics; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000191:economics; D064876:Safety-net Providers / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012720:Severity of Illness Index