title: Encumbered by vulnerability and temporality - the meanings of trigger situations when learning to live with diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to illuminate the meanings of trigger situations experienced in everyday life when learning to live with diabetes.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Adults become active learners when faced with situations they do not know how to manage, triggering a need to understand something in a different way than before. Knowing more about experiential learning for persons living with diabetes is important for understanding how learning can be supported by health care.
  
  
  METHODS
  A life-world approach with a phenomenological hermeneutical method, inspired by the philosophy of Paul Ricoeur.
  
  
  METHODS
  This method was used for interpreting transcriptions of interviews and consists of three stages: naïve understanding, structural analysis and a comprehensive understanding. Participants (n = 13), with either type I or type II diabetes, were interviewed on three different occasions over a three-year period after being diagnosed with diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When learning to live with diabetes, the meanings of trigger situations were described as 'the unpredictable body heightens insecurity with awareness of one's own dependability', 'losing control in unsustainable situations' and 'encumbered by vulnerability and temporality in earlier familiar situations'.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The meanings of trigger situations were to lose the smooth, unreflected way of managing an everyday life situation, interlaced with feelings of lost control of how to live with new insights of being vulnerable. Trigger situations meant an opportunity for learning, as well as being demanding, unplanned and with limited freedom of choice. Trigger situations presented life and body as unpredictable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If healthcare professionals can identify the worries and questions raised in trigger situations, knowledge gaps can be identified and reflected on to stimulate learning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Care Sciences, Ersta Sköndal University College, Stockholm, Sweden. asa.kneck@esh.se.|Division of Nursing, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. asa.kneck@esh.se.
authors.forename: Åsa
authors.initials: Å
authors.lastname: Kneck
authors.affiliation: Division of Nursing, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.|School of Health Sciences, City University, London, UK.
authors.forename: Lars E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Berit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lundman
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Care Sciences, Ersta Sköndal University College, Stockholm, Sweden.|Division of Nursing, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ingegerd
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fagerberg
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011340:Problem Solving; D013548:Sweden
keywords: diabetes; life-world; nursing; patient learning; phenomenological hermeneutical interpretation; trigger situation