title: Novel Approach of Using Nutraceutic-Directed Caloric Antioxidant Density and Ion-Ratio for Evaluating Fruit's Health Quality.
abstract: Seven kinds of indigenous fruits and five imported fruits were compared for their "health quality." Methods including the calorific, antioxidant, and ion ratios were carried out. Results indicated the order of content (in mg/100g) was: Ca(2+) , Murcott orange (218.2) > Kiwifruit (200.0) > pineapple (138.5) > Golden kiwi (117.6); Mg(2+) , Pitaya (192.2), banana (88.0), Kiwifruit (63.4), and Golden kiwi (58.4); Zn(2+) , Pitaya (19.53) > pear (10.8) > Kiwifruit (6.09) > Irwin mango (4.58). Cu(2+) , Kiwifruit (0.70) > Red globe grape (0.67) > Golden kiwi (0.65) > Irwin mango (0.42) ≈ Pitaya (0.40). In terms of ion ratio, Pitaya showed Zn(2+) /Cu(2+) (48.8), Mg(2+) /Ca(2+) (6.7) and uniquely possessed selenium 0.002 mg/100 g; for pear, Zn(2+) /Cu(2+) = 37.2, while Kyoho grape, Red globe grape, and Golden kiwi revealed extremely high Fe(2+) /(Co(2+) +Ni(2+) ) ratios. On the other hands, Irwin mango and Pitaya astonishingly contained huge amount of inositol, reaching 3523.2 mg/100 g and 1998.7 mg/100 g, respectively. To evaluate the "health quality" of fruits, an overall ranking method by combining (a) the Function-directed Caloric Antioxidant Density (CAD) and (b) the ion ratio was developed. The finalized ranking of these selected fruits was: Pitaya > cherry > Irwin mango > Murcott orange = pineapple > banana > Golden kiwi > pear > Kiwifruit > Red globe grape > apple > Kyoho grape. Conclusively, this evaluation method is novel, contemporary and scientific, which could more clearly assess the "health quality" of fruits in view of nutritional, calorific, and antioxidant balance.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Inst. of Biotechnology, Changhua Univ. of Education, 1 Jin-De Rd., Changhua, Taiwan, 50007.
authors.forename: Chiu-Lan
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Graduate Inst. of Biotechnology, Changhua Univ. of Education, 1 Jin-De Rd., Changhua, Taiwan, 50007.
authors.forename: Shang-Ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Fruit industry section, the Agriculture and Food Agency, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, 8 Guanghua Rd., Nantou City, Taiwan, 54044.
authors.forename: Li-I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Graduate Inst. of Biotechnology, Changhua Univ. of Education, 1 Jin-De Rd., Changhua, Taiwan, 50007.
authors.forename: Chien-Mei
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Crop production division, Agriculture and Food Agency, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, 8 Guanghua Rd., Nantou City, Taiwan, 54044.
authors.forename: Cheng-Hsin
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Research Inst. of Biotechnology, Hungkuang Univ, 34 Chung-Chie Rd., Shalu District, Taichung City, Taiwan, 43302.|Research Inst. of Medicinal Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical Univ, 250 Wu-Xing St, Taipei, Taiwan, 11031.
authors.forename: Robert Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000737:chemistry*; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis*; D009753:Nutritive Value; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008903:Minerals; D014131:Trace Elements
keywords: Kiwifruit; Pitaya; absolute antioxidant density; caloric anioxidant density; calorie-nutrition balance