title: Transcriptome-Wide High-Density Microarray Analysis Reveals Differential Gene Transcription in Periprosthetic Tissue From Hips With Chronic Periprosthetic Joint Infection vs Aseptic Loosening.
abstract: Differentiating between periprosthetic hip infection and aseptic hip prosthesis loosening can be challenging, especially in patients with chronic infections. This study used whole-genome microarray analysis to investigate the transcriptomes of periprosthetic hip tissues to identify genes that are differentially transcripted between chronic periprosthetic hip infection and aseptic hip prosthesis loosening.
  
  
  
  In this pilot study, a total of 24 patients with either chronic periprosthetic hip infection (n = 12) or aseptic hip prosthesis loosening (n = 12) were analyzed. Periprosthetic hip infection was diagnosed based on modified criteria of the Musculoskeletal Infection Society. To evaluate differences in gene transcription, whole-genome microarray analysis was performed on the mRNA of periprosthetic tissue.
  
  
  
  Microarray analysis revealed differential gene transcription in periprosthetic hip tissue affected by chronic hip infection vs aseptic hip prosthesis loosening. A total of 39 genes had area under the curve values greater than 0.9 for diagnosing chronic periprosthetic hip infection; 5 genes had annotations relevant to infection and metabolism. The 39 genes also included 7 genes that were differentially transcribed but that have no apparent connection to immune response processes plus 27 genes with unknown function.
  
  
  
  Differences in gene transcription profiles might represent novel diagnostic targets that can be used to differentiate between chronic periprosthetic hip infections and aseptic hip prosthesis loosening. Secondary metabolites of differentially transcripted genes might serve as easily accessible markers for detecting chronic periprosthetic joint infection in future.
authors.affiliation: Trauma Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Omar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Department of Computer Science, Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences, Wolfenbüttel, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Klawonn
authors.affiliation: Trauma Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brand
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Meike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stiesch
authors.affiliation: Trauma Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Krettek
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eberhard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001170:Arthritis, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006622:Hip Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D007595:Joint Prosthesis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011475:Prosthesis Failure / Q000209:etiology*; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: RNA; aseptic loosening; chronic infection; microarray; periprosthetic joint infection; transcriptome