title: Development of neuro-fuzzy model to explore gene-nutrient interactions modulating warfarin dose requirement.
abstract: To investigate the influence of alterations in vitamin K (K1, K2 and K3) in modulating warfarin dose requirement.
  
  
  
  Reverse phase HPLC to determine the plasma vitamin K; PCR-RFLP to detect polymorphisms; and the neuro-fuzzy model to predict warfarin dose were used.
  
  
  
  The developed neuro-fuzzy model showed a mean absolute error of 0.000024 mg/week. CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 mediated warfarin sensitivity was observed when vitamin K is in high and low tertiles, respectively. VKORC1-1639G>A exhibited warfarin sensitivity in all combinations. Higher vitamin K1 was observed in CYP4F2 V433M polymorphism. The requirement of warfarin is low in GGCX 8016 GG genotype compared with GA and AA genotypes.
  
  
  
  Vitamin K profile along with genetic testing ensures precision in warfarin dose optimization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad 500082, India.
authors.forename: Addepalli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pavani
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur - 613401, India.|Sandor Life Sciences Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad - 500034, India.
authors.forename: Shaik Mohammad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Naushad
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur - 613401, India.
authors.forename: Ganapathy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lakshmitha
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur - 613401, India.
authors.forename: Sriraman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nivetha
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur - 613401, India.
authors.forename: Balraj Alex
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad-500082, India.
authors.forename: Amaresh Rao
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Malempati
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad 500082, India.
authors.forename: Vijay Kumar
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Kutala
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044466:Asian People; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D017143:Fuzzy Logic; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008959:Models, Neurological; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000378:metabolism; D014859:Warfarin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014812:Vitamin K; D014859:Warfarin
keywords: CYP2C9; INR; VKORC1; neuro-fuzzy model; vitamin K; warfarin