title: The Effect of Casein Protein Prior to Sleep on Fat Metabolism in Obese Men.
abstract: We have previously shown that ingesting protein at night before sleep is either beneficial or non-detrimental to metabolism, health, and body composition in obese women. However, the overnight protein-induced lipolytic actions and mechanism for improved metabolism and body composition have not been fully established. Therefore, in a crossover design, twelve obese men (age, 27.0 ± 2.2 years) were randomly assigned to ingest (within 30 min of sleep) casein protein (CAS, 120 kcal) or a non-nutritive placebo (PLA) before going to sleep. Markers of fat metabolism (lipolysis, substrate utilization, growth hormone), insulin, glucose, resting energy expenditure (REE), and appetite (questionnaire and ghrelin) were measured. During sleep and the next morning, interstitial glycerol from the subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SCAAT) was measured using microdialysis. There were no differences in SCAAT glycerol (overnight: CAS, 177.4 ± 26.7; PLA, 183.8 ± 20.2 μmol/L; morning: CAS, 171.6 ± 19.1; PLA, 161.5 ± 18.6 μmol/L), substrate utilization, REE, or any blood markers between CAS and PLA. Desire to eat was greater for CAS compared to baseline (p = 0.03), but not different from PLA (baseline: 39 ± 6, CAS: 62 ± 8, PLA: 55 ± 5 mm). CAS consumption before sleep did not affect fat or glucose metabolism, REE, or suppress appetite in hyperinsulemic obese men. CAS may be consumed before sleep without impeding overnight or morning fat metabolism in young, obese men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. akinsey@uab.edu.|Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. akinsey@uab.edu.
authors.forename: Amber W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Kinsey
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sports Sciences &amp; Medicine, Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA. src06e@my.fsu.edu.
authors.forename: Stacy R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Cappadona
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sports Sciences &amp; Medicine, Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA. lpanton@fsu.edu.|Institute of Successful Longevity, Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA. lpanton@fsu.edu.
authors.forename: Lynn B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Panton
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sports Sciences &amp; Medicine, Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA. bra13@my.fsu.edu.
authors.forename: Brittany R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Allman
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA. rcontreras@fsu.edu.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Contreras
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Laboratory, Departments of Kinesiology and Physiology and Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA. hicknerr@ecu.edu.|Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa. hicknerr@ecu.edu.
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hickner
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sports Sciences &amp; Medicine, Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA. mormsbee@fsu.edu.|Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa. mormsbee@fsu.edu.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ormsbee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001069:Appetite Regulation; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002364:Caseins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000379:methods*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D005526:Food, Formulated / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005990:Glycerol / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008066:Lipolysis; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D012890:Sleep; D050507:Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002364:Caseins; D005990:Glycerol
keywords: appetite; casein; microdialysis; nighttime eating; obesity; sleep