title: Long-term surgical-orthodontic management of hemimandibular hyperplasia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hemimandibular hyperplasia (HH), also known as hemimandibular hypertrophy, is characterised by excessive unilateral three-dimensional growth of the mandible after birth. Vertical unilateral elongation of the mandible becomes clinically evident as a rare form of vertical facial asymmetry. Aberrant growth of the facial skeleton affects the developing dentition and the dental compensatory mechanism is usually unable to maintain optimal occlusal relationships. The resulting malocclusion is effectively managed by combined surgical-orthodontic care to address the facial, skeletal and dental problems that confront clinicians. Orthodontists are advised to assess patients with HH during the post-treatment retention stage for continuing mandibular growth and assess the stability of treatment outcomes with long-term follow-up and records as required.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To present a case of hemimandibular hyperplasia treated successfully by combined surgical-orthodontic care and evaluated for stability over a seven-year follow-up period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical-orthodontic management was accomplished in four stages: 1) pre-surgical orthodontic; 21 surgical; 3) post-surgical orthodontic; and 4) post-treatment orthodontic retention. Complete orthodontic records, including extra- and intra-oral photographs, study models, and cephalograms plus panoramic radiographs were taken at the pretreatment, post-treatment, and seven-year orthodontic retention time-points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Facial, skeletal and dental goals were achieved in the three planes of space and the long-term stability of the treatment results was shown during a post-treatment orthodontic retention period of seven years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hemimandibular hyperplasia is a true growth anomaly which may be managed effectively. Clinicians may expect successful long-term correction and stability by utilising a comprehensive surgical-orthodontic treatment approach.
authors.forename: Samuel C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Mithran S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Goonewardene
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology*; D003765:Models, Dental; D024343:Open Bite / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000379:methods*; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D057887:Overbite / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D010781:Photography / Q000379:methods; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic / Q000379:methods; D063173:Retrognathia / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D055815:Young Adult