title: Testing vision with angular and radial multifocal designs using Adaptive Optics.
abstract: Multifocal vision corrections are increasingly used solutions for presbyopia. In the current study we have evaluated, optically and psychophysically, the quality provided by multizone radial and angular segmented phase designs. Optical and relative visual quality were evaluated using 8 subjects, testing 6 phase designs. Optical quality was evaluated by means of Visual Strehl-based-metrics (VS). The relative visual quality across designs was obtained through a psychophysical paradigm in which images viewed through 210 pairs of phase patterns were perceptually judged. A custom-developed Adaptive Optics (AO) system, including a Hartmann-Shack sensor and an electromagnetic deformable mirror, to measure and correct the eye's aberrations, and a phase-only reflective Spatial Light Modulator, to simulate the phase designs, was developed for this study. The multizone segmented phase designs had 2-4 zones of progressive power (0 to +3D) in either radial or angular distributions. The response of an "ideal observer" purely responding on optical grounds to the same psychophysical test performed on subjects was calculated from the VS curves, and compared with the relative visual quality results. Optical and psychophysical pattern-comparison tests showed that while 2-zone segmented designs (angular & radial) provided better performance for far and near vision, 3- and 4-zone segmented angular designs performed better for intermediate vision. AO-correction of natural aberrations of the subjects modified the response for the different subjects but general trends remained. The differences in perceived quality across the different multifocal patterns are, in a large extent, explained by optical factors. AO is an excellent tool to simulate multifocal refractions before they are manufactured or delivered to the patient, and to assess the effects of the native optics to their performance.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Optics, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Serrano, 121, Madrid 28006, Spain. Electronic address: maria.vinas@io.cfmac.csic.es.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vinas
authors.affiliation: Institute of Optics, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Serrano, 121, Madrid 28006, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dorronsoro
authors.affiliation: Institute of Optics, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Serrano, 121, Madrid 28006, Spain.
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Institute of Optics, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Serrano, 121, Madrid 28006, Spain.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cortes
authors.affiliation: Institute of Optics, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Serrano, 121, Madrid 28006, Spain.
authors.forename: Aiswaryah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Radhakrishnan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Optics, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Serrano, 121, Madrid 28006, Spain.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marcos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003261:Contact Lenses; D006801:Humans; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D011305:Presbyopia / Q000628:therapy*; D011601:Psychophysics; D014787:Vision Tests / Q000295:instrumentation*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adaptive Optics; Multifocal corrections; Presbyopia; Spatial Light Modulators