title: Contamination index. A novel parameter for metal and pesticide analyses in maternal blood and umbilical cord.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the contamination index of metals and pesticides in pregnant women, and to relate this to perinatal outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive, retrospective, exploratory study, developed from existing secondary data analyses at Level III maternity center. A total of 40 mothers with their newborns (NB), living in a rural area in Botucatu- Brazil and surrounding region. Blood samples from mothers and newborn were collected to determine the total contamination index for metals and pesticides. The concentrations of each metal and each pesticide were determined in blood samples of mothers and their newborns by Rudge's results. After obtaining these concentrations, the total contamination index in mother and NB was calculated, along with its correlation with clinical parameters of NB.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no correlation (p> 0.05) between maternal contamination index with NB clinical parameters, and NB contamination index versus NB clinical parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The maternal contamination index of metals and pesticides was not related to perinatal outcomes, but it could be used as baseline parameter in future toxicological studies, regarding to long-term toxic characteristics as persistent organic pollutants, its long half-lives, bioacumulative, and expected to impose serious health effects on humans.
authors.affiliation: PhD, Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology Graduate Course, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu-SP, Brazil. Technical procedures, acquisition and interpretation of data.
authors.forename: Ilse Sodré
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Motta
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Laboratory of General Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Immunology and Parasitology: Basic and Applied, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, University Center of Araguaia, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças-MT, Brazil. Technical procedures; acquisition and interpretation of data; manuscript writing; critical revision.
authors.forename: Gustavo Tadeu
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Volpato
authors.affiliation: Full Professor, CNPq Researcher Followship 2, Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Program in Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, Botucatu-SP, Brazil. Scientific content of the study, interpretation of data, manuscript writing, critical revision.
authors.forename: Débora Cristina
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Damasceno
authors.affiliation: PhD, Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology Graduate Course, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, Botucatu-SP, Brazil. Critical revision.
authors.forename: Yuri Karen
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Sinzato
authors.affiliation: Fellow PhD degree, Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology, Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology Graduate Course, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, Botucatu-SP, Brazil. Critical revision.
authors.forename: Giovana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vesentini
authors.affiliation: PhD, Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology, Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology Graduate Course, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, Botucatu-SP, Brazil. Technical procedures, acquisition and interpretation of data, critical revision.
authors.forename: Cibele Vieira Cunha
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Rudge
authors.affiliation: Full Professor, CNPq Researcher Fellowship 2, Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology Graduate Course, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, Botucatu-SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Iracema Mattos Paranhos
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Calderon
authors.affiliation: Full Professor, CNPq Researcher Followship 1D, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu-SP, Brazil. Scientific content of the study, critical revision.
authors.forename: Wilma De Grava
authors.initials: Wde G
authors.lastname: Kempinas
authors.affiliation: Full Professor and Head, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway. Scientific content of the study.
authors.forename: Jon Øvid
authors.initials: JØ
authors.lastname: Odland
authors.affiliation: Full Professor and Head, CNPq Researcher Fellowship 1D, Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology Graduate Course, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, Botucatu-SP, Brazil. Scientific and intellectual content of the study, interpretation of data, manuscript writing, critical revision.
authors.forename: Marilza Vieira Cunha
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Rudge
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D001938:Brazil; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015386:Hazardous Substances; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D010575:Pesticides