title: CanSupport: a model for home-based palliative care delivery in India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  According to the 2014 WHO Global Atlas of Palliative Care, there is insufficient access to palliative care services worldwide, with the majority of unmet need in low- and middle-income countries. In India, there are major disparities in access to palliative care, with the majority of services being offered by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) scattered throughout the country. The barriers to expanding palliative care services in India are common to many lower- and middle-income countries-a lack of financial resources, a paucity of trained staff, and a focus on curative rather than comfort care. In this paper, we describe a model of palliative care being used by CanSupport, a non-governmental organization based in Delhi that was formed in 1996. They offer home-based services provided by multidisciplinary teams consisting of a physician, nurse, and social worker who are trained in palliative care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on patient demographics, services provided, and outcomes were collected retrospectively for patients treated by CanSupport for the year 2009-2010. Sources include CanSupport's population data and direct discussions with CanSupport staff.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the year 2009-2010, CanSupport served 746 patients, with an average of 10 home visits per patient. Only 29% of patients were referred from hospitals or physicians, with the rest being self-referred or referred from CanSupport's help line. Pain scales were administered on each visit and 31% of patients received morphine. Of the 514 patient deaths, 76% occurred at home and a majority of families received bereavement counseling for up to 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CanSupport has shown that a home-based care model can be successful in India and is desired by patients at the end of life or with chronic illness. Their model of care saves the patients the cost of a hospital visit while still providing evaluation by staff with training in palliative care. In addition, the multidisciplinary nature of the teams allows for symptom management and emotional counseling for both the patients and their families. CanSupport has developed a way to provide reliable, cost-effective palliative care to patients that can serve as a model for building palliative care capacity in low- and middle-income countries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Alyssa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yeager
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Anna W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: LaVigne
authors.affiliation: Can Support, New Delhi, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Ambika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rajvanshi
authors.affiliation: Can Support, New Delhi, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Birbal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mahato
authors.affiliation: Can Support, New Delhi, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Ravinder
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.affiliation: Can Support, New Delhi, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Reena
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Surbhi.grover@uphs.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Surbhi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grover
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001601:Bereavement; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000628:therapy; D003376:Counseling; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004638:Emergency Treatment; D005260:Female; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D018574:Home Care Agencies / Q000458:organization & administration; D006699:Home Care Services / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D006792:House Calls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009939:Organizations, Nonprofit / Q000458:organization & administration; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012944:Social Support; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Home care agencies; India; non-profit organizations; palliative medicine