title: The Patterns, Risk Factors, and Prediction of Progression in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Narrative Review.
abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem that is associated with excess morbidity, mortality, and health resource utilization. The progression of CKD is defined by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and leads to a variety of metabolic abnormalities including acidosis, hypertension, anemia, and mineral bone disorder. Lower glomerular filtration rate also bears a strong relationship with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, end-stage renal disease, and death. Patterns of CKD progression include linear and nonlinear trajectories, but kidney function can remain stable for years in some individuals. Addressing modifiable risk factors for the progression of CKD is needed to attenuate its associated morbidity and mortality. Developing effective risk prediction models for CKD progression is critical to identify patients who are more likely to benefit from interventions and more intensive monitoring. Accurate risk-prediction algorithms permit systems to best align health care resources with risk to maximize their effects and efficiency while guiding overall decision making.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Chronic Disease Innovation Center, Seven Oaks General Hospital, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Collister
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Chronic Disease Innovation Center, Seven Oaks General Hospital, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Chronic Disease Innovation Center, Seven Oaks General Hospital, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Komenda
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Chronic Disease Innovation Center, Seven Oaks General Hospital, Winnipeg, Canada. Electronic address: ntangri@sogh.mb.ca.
authors.forename: Navdeep
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tangri
mesh_terms: D000138:Acidosis / Q000378:metabolism; D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000453:epidemiology; D000740:Anemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000453:epidemiology; D000066491:Clinical Decision-Making; D018450:Disease Progression; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D000089703:Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D000073496:Frailty / Q000453:epidemiology; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D000072596:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008019:Life Style; D000071068:Lipocalin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000453:epidemiology; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C491143:HAVCR1 protein, human; D000072596:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1; C489506:LCN2 protein, human; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D000089703:Fibroblast Growth Factor-23
keywords: CKD; progression; risk prediction