title: FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PENTOSIDINE ACCUMULATION IN THE HUMAN VITREOUS.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore factors associated with pentosidine accumulation in the human vitreous.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vitreous samples were obtained during trans pars plana vitrectomy for macular hole or rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Patient characteristics included age, gender, and diabetes mellitus. Ocular characteristics included pseudophakia, posterior vitreous detachment, and presence of intraocular fibrosis (epiretinal membrane, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, or both). Pentosidine concentration as a measure of accumulation of advanced glycation end products was determined by high performance liquid chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pentosidine concentrations were measured in 222 vitrectomy samples (118 female and 104 male patients [median age 66 years], treated for macular hole [n = 105] or rhegmatogenous retinal detachment [n = 117]). Pentosidine was found to accumulate significantly with age (P < 0.001). After correction for age, a multivariable linear regression model revealed significantly higher pentosidine values in eyes with intraocular fibrosis (P = 0.001), in phakic as compared with pseudophakic eyes (P = 0.02), and in the absence of a complete posterior vitreous detachment (P = 0.018). The authors found no association with diabetes mellitus or gender.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirmed an age-related pentosidine accumulation in the vitreous and found new factors relating to pentosidine levels. Findings support the hypothesis of enzyme-induced vitreous liquefaction and the hypothesis of pentosidine as a pro-fibrotic factor.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; †W.J. Kolff Institute, Groningen, the Netherlands; ‡Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; §Department of Tissue Repair, TNO Quality of Life, Biomedical Research, Leiden, the Netherlands; and ¶Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Marielle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Deemter
authors.forename: Ruud A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bank
authors.forename: Jelle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vehof
authors.forename: Johanna M M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hooymans
authors.forename: Leonoor I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Los
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019591:Pseudophakia / Q000378:metabolism; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism*; D020255:Vitreous Detachment / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001120:Arginine; C062187:pentosidine; D008239:Lysine