title: Polymer-associated liposomes for the oral delivery of grape pomace extract.
abstract: The pomaces from red grapes were used as a source of phenolic antioxidants, which are known to have health-promoting effects. Environmentally-friendly extraction strategies were investigated to improve the rate and recovery of an extract with high phenolic content and antioxidant activity, which were evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteu, DPPH, ABTS(+), CUPRAC and FRAP assays. The extract was incorporated in liposomes, which were stabilized by the addition of a natural polysaccharide, sodium alginate or arabic gum, widely used in pharmaceutical and food industries as thickeners and stabilizers. Results showed that the polymer-associated liposomes were approximately 300nm in size, spherical in shape, and with high entrapment efficiency. The polymers prevented vesicle degradation in the gastric environment, and played a key role in improving liposomes' performances, especially arabic gum. The polymer-associated liposomes were biocompatible and protected Caco-2 cells against oxidative stress. The achieved results suggest a potential application of the polymer-associated liposomes loaded with the grape pomace extract in the nutraceutical field.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manconi
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marongiu
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Castangia
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Letizia
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Manca
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy. Electronic address: caddeoc@unica.it.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caddeo
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo Ignazio Giovanni
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Tuberoso
authors.affiliation: Institute of Science of Food Production UOS Sassari-CNR, Traversa la Crucca 3, Loc. Baldinca, 07040 Sassari, Italy.
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'hallewin
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianluigi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bacchetta
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fadda
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry*; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008081:Liposomes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011108:Polymers; D011134:Polysaccharides; C011471:folin
keywords: Antioxidant; Grape pomace; Phenolic extraction; Polymer-associated liposomes