title: A metered intake of milk following exercise and thermal dehydration restores whole-body net fluid balance better than a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution or water in healthy young men.
abstract: Appropriate rehydration and nutrient intake in recovery is a key component of exercise performance. This study investigated whether the recovery of body net fluid balance (NFB) following exercise and thermal dehydration to -2 % of body mass (BM) was enhanced by a metered rate of ingestion of milk (M) compared with a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CE) or water (W). In randomised order, seven active men (aged 26·2 (sd 6·1) years) undertook exercise and thermal dehydration to -2 % of BM on three occasions. A metered replacement volume of M, CE or W equivalent to 150 % of the BM loss was then consumed within 2-3 h. NFB was subsequently measured for 5 h from commencement of rehydration. A higher overall NFB in M than CE (P=0·001) and W (P=0·006) was observed, with no difference between CE and W (P=0·69). After 5 h, NFB in M remained positive (+117 (sd 122) ml) compared with basal, and it was greater than W (-539 (sd 390) ml, P=0·011) but not CE (-381 (sd 460) ml, P=0·077, d=1·6). Plasma osmolality (Posm) and K remained elevated above basal in M compared with CE and W. The change in Posm was associated with circulating pre-provasopressin (r s 0·348, P<0·001), a biomarker of arginine vasopressin, but could not account fully for the augmented NFB in M compared with CE and W. These data suggest that a metered approach to fluid ingestion acts in synergy with the nutrient composition of M in the restoration of NFB following exercise and thermal dehydration.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences,University of Limerick,Limerick V94 YDE9,Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seery
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences,University of Limerick,Limerick V94 YDE9,Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1199-080X
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jakeman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001628:Beverages; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003681:Dehydration; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015444:Exercise; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk; D014867:Water / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004573:Electrolytes; D014867:Water
keywords: AVP arginine vasopressin; BM body mass; CE carbohydrate–electrolyte solution; CTproAVP pre-provasopressin; Carbohydrate electrolyte; M milk; Metered fluid intake; Milk; NFB net fluid balance; Net water balance; Posm
                  plasma osmolality; Rehydration; W water