title: Prevalence and awareness of functional and structural foot abnormalities in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ISPAD guideline 2011/2014 advises annual podiatric screening to detect foot complications and identify other possible risk factors such as functional and structural foot abnormalities. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and awareness of neurovascular, functional and structural foot abnormalities in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients aged 0-18 years with T1DM were invited for a foot examination and structured questionnaire by a certified podiatrist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three of the examined patients (n=128) showed signs of possible long-term complications. Structural and functional foot problems were observed in 71.9% (n=92). Of all patients, 38.3% (n=49) required further treatment by a podiatrist.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Functional and structural foot abnormalities are a frequent problem in children with T1DM in the southern part of the Netherlands. These abnormalities are an additional risk factor for developing long-term foot complications. Education in and implementation of the guideline are necessary.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wever
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Schickenberg-Werrij
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Willems
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Schaper
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Schott
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis