title: Porcine bocavirus NP1 protein suppresses type I IFN production by interfering with IRF3 DNA-binding activity.
abstract: Type I interferon (IFN) and the IFN-induced cellular antiviral responses are the primary defense mechanisms against viral infection; however, viruses always evolve various mechanisms to antagonize this host's IFN responses. Porcine bocavirus (PBoV) is a newly identified porcine parvovirus. In this study, we found that the nonstructural protein NP1 of PBoV inhibits Sendai virus-induced IFN-β production and the subsequent expression of IFN-stimulating genes (ISGs). Ectopic expression of NP1 significantly impairs IRF3-mediated IFN-β production; however, it does not affect the expression, phosphorylation, and nuclear translocation of IRF3, the most important transcription factor for IFN synthesis. Coimmunoprecipitation and Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays suggested that NP1 interacts with the DNA-binding domain of IRF3, which in turn blocks the association of IRF3 with IFN-β promoter. Together, our findings demonstrated that PBoV encodes an antagonist inhibiting type I IFN production, providing a better understanding of the PBoV immune evasion strategy.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shi-zi-shan Street, Wuhan, 430070, China.|The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Ruoxi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shi-zi-shan Street, Wuhan, 430070, China. fanglr@mail.hzau.edu.cn.|The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China. fanglr@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Liurong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shi-zi-shan Street, Wuhan, 430070, China.|The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shi-zi-shan Street, Wuhan, 430070, China.|The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Fuwei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shi-zi-shan Street, Wuhan, 430070, China.|The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Center of Applied Biotechnology, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan, 430415, China.
authors.forename: Lilan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Center of Applied Biotechnology, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan, 430415, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shi-zi-shan Street, Wuhan, 430070, China.|The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Huanchun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shi-zi-shan Street, Wuhan, 430070, China.|The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Shaobo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052660:Bocavirus / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D050838:Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009698:Nucleoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D054730:Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013552:Swine; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050838:Interferon Regulatory Factor-3; D007370:Interferon Type I; D009698:Nucleoproteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; D004247:DNA
keywords: IRF3; Nonstructural protein (NP1); Porcine bocavirus (PBoV); Type I IFN