title: History of multiple sclerosis in 2 successive pregnancies: A French and Italian cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the risk of relapses during pregnancy and in the first 3 months after delivery in 2 successive pregnancies in a cohort of French and Italian women with multiple sclerosis (MS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 93 women were included if they had had 2 pregnancies followed prospectively after MS onset between January 1993 and 2013. The association of a relapse during pregnancy or the first postpartum trimester in pregnancy 1 and pregnancy 2 was evaluated by univariate logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A majority of women did not experience any exacerbation in the 3 months after delivery (31.2% and 23.7%, respectively, relapsed after pregnancy 1 and 2; p = 0.32). A total of 7.6% had a relapse after both pregnancies. The risk of relapse after pregnancy 2 was not associated with the number of relapses in the prepregnancy year (odds ratio [OR] 1.52 [0.57-4.05]) or during pregnancy (OR 1.57 [0.52-4.79]) or with the occurrence of a relapse after pregnancy 1 (OR 0.86 [0.29-2.50]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our work provides original data on the evolution of successive pregnancies in MS, showing a similar (and even lower) disease activity in the second pregnancy. There was no correlation of activity in successive pregnancies. Therefore, counseling of women with MS who consider having a second baby should be the same as for the first one.
authors.affiliation: From the Service de Neurologie A (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon/Bron; Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation; Université de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.); Université Lyon 1 et Université de Lyon (A.B., R.C., S.R., R.M., C.C., S.V.), France; Department NEUROFARBA (M.-P.A., E.P.), Section Neurosciences, University of Florence, Italy; Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (R.C., C.C., S.V.), Bron, France; Departments of Medical Sciences (M.-G.M.) and Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine (E.C.), University of Cagliari; Hospital of Gallarate (A.G., P.A.), Varese; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T., M.S.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Fondation Eugène Devic EDMUS contre la Sclérose en Plaques (R.M., C.C., S.V.), Bron; and Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation, France.
authors.forename: Amandine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benoit
authors.affiliation: From the Service de Neurologie A (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon/Bron; Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation; Université de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.); Université Lyon 1 et Université de Lyon (A.B., R.C., S.R., R.M., C.C., S.V.), France; Department NEUROFARBA (M.-P.A., E.P.), Section Neurosciences, University of Florence, Italy; Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (R.C., C.C., S.V.), Bron, France; Departments of Medical Sciences (M.-G.M.) and Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine (E.C.), University of Cagliari; Hospital of Gallarate (A.G., P.A.), Varese; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T., M.S.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Fondation Eugène Devic EDMUS contre la Sclérose en Plaques (R.M., C.C., S.V.), Bron; and Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation, France.
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Durand-Dubief
authors.affiliation: From the Service de Neurologie A (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon/Bron; Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation; Université de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.); Université Lyon 1 et Université de Lyon (A.B., R.C., S.R., R.M., C.C., S.V.), France; Department NEUROFARBA (M.-P.A., E.P.), Section Neurosciences, University of Florence, Italy; Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (R.C., C.C., S.V.), Bron, France; Departments of Medical Sciences (M.-G.M.) and Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine (E.C.), University of Cagliari; Hospital of Gallarate (A.G., P.A.), Varese; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T., M.S.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Fondation Eugène Devic EDMUS contre la Sclérose en Plaques (R.M., C.C., S.V.), Bron; and Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation, France.
authors.forename: Maria-Pia
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Amato
authors.affiliation: From the Service de Neurologie A (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon/Bron; Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation; Université de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.); Université Lyon 1 et Université de Lyon (A.B., R.C., S.R., R.M., C.C., S.V.), France; Department NEUROFARBA (M.-P.A., E.P.), Section Neurosciences, University of Florence, Italy; Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (R.C., C.C., S.V.), Bron, France; Departments of Medical Sciences (M.-G.M.) and Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine (E.C.), University of Cagliari; Hospital of Gallarate (A.G., P.A.), Varese; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T., M.S.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Fondation Eugène Devic EDMUS contre la Sclérose en Plaques (R.M., C.C., S.V.), Bron; and Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation, France.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Portaccio
authors.affiliation: From the Service de Neurologie A (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon/Bron; Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation; Université de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.); Université Lyon 1 et Université de Lyon (A.B., R.C., S.R., R.M., C.C., S.V.), France; Department NEUROFARBA (M.-P.A., E.P.), Section Neurosciences, University of Florence, Italy; Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (R.C., C.C., S.V.), Bron, France; Departments of Medical Sciences (M.-G.M.) and Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine (E.C.), University of Cagliari; Hospital of Gallarate (A.G., P.A.), Varese; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T., M.S.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Fondation Eugène Devic EDMUS contre la Sclérose en Plaques (R.M., C.C., S.V.), Bron; and Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation, France.
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Casey
authors.affiliation: From the Service de Neurologie A (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon/Bron; Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation; Université de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.); Université Lyon 1 et Université de Lyon (A.B., R.C., S.R., R.M., C.C., S.V.), France; Department NEUROFARBA (M.-P.A., E.P.), Section Neurosciences, University of Florence, Italy; Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (R.C., C.C., S.V.), Bron, France; Departments of Medical Sciences (M.-G.M.) and Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine (E.C.), University of Cagliari; Hospital of Gallarate (A.G., P.A.), Varese; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T., M.S.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Fondation Eugène Devic EDMUS contre la Sclérose en Plaques (R.M., C.C., S.V.), Bron; and Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation, France.
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roggerone
authors.affiliation: From the Service de Neurologie A (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon/Bron; Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation; Université de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.); Université Lyon 1 et Université de Lyon (A.B., R.C., S.R., R.M., C.C., S.V.), France; Department NEUROFARBA (M.-P.A., E.P.), Section Neurosciences, University of Florence, Italy; Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (R.C., C.C., S.V.), Bron, France; Departments of Medical Sciences (M.-G.M.) and Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine (E.C.), University of Cagliari; Hospital of Gallarate (A.G., P.A.), Varese; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T., M.S.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Fondation Eugène Devic EDMUS contre la Sclérose en Plaques (R.M., C.C., S.V.), Bron; and Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation, France.
authors.forename: Géraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Androdias
authors.affiliation: From the Service de Neurologie A (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon/Bron; Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation; Université de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.); Université Lyon 1 et Université de Lyon (A.B., R.C., S.R., R.M., C.C., S.V.), France; Department NEUROFARBA (M.-P.A., E.P.), Section Neurosciences, University of Florence, Italy; Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (R.C., C.C., S.V.), Bron, France; Departments of Medical Sciences (M.-G.M.) and Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine (E.C.), University of Cagliari; Hospital of Gallarate (A.G., P.A.), Varese; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T., M.S.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Fondation Eugène Devic EDMUS contre la Sclérose en Plaques (R.M., C.C., S.V.), Bron; and Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation, France.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gignoux
authors.affiliation: From the Service de Neurologie A (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon/Bron; Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation; Université de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.); Université Lyon 1 et Université de Lyon (A.B., R.C., S.R., R.M., C.C., S.V.), France; Department NEUROFARBA (M.-P.A., E.P.), Section Neurosciences, University of Florence, Italy; Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (R.C., C.C., S.V.), Bron, France; Departments of Medical Sciences (M.-G.M.) and Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine (E.C.), University of Cagliari; Hospital of Gallarate (A.G., P.A.), Varese; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T., M.S.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Fondation Eugène Devic EDMUS contre la Sclérose en Plaques (R.M., C.C., S.V.), Bron; and Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation, France.
authors.forename: Iuliana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ionescu
authors.affiliation: From the Service de Neurologie A (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon/Bron; Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation; Université de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.); Université Lyon 1 et Université de Lyon (A.B., R.C., S.R., R.M., C.C., S.V.), France; Department NEUROFARBA (M.-P.A., E.P.), Section Neurosciences, University of Florence, Italy; Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (R.C., C.C., S.V.), Bron, France; Departments of Medical Sciences (M.-G.M.) and Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine (E.C.), University of Cagliari; Hospital of Gallarate (A.G., P.A.), Varese; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T., M.S.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Fondation Eugène Devic EDMUS contre la Sclérose en Plaques (R.M., C.C., S.V.), Bron; and Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation, France.
authors.forename: Maria-Giovanna
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Marrosu
authors.affiliation: From the Service de Neurologie A (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon/Bron; Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation; Université de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.); Université Lyon 1 et Université de Lyon (A.B., R.C., S.R., R.M., C.C., S.V.), France; Department NEUROFARBA (M.-P.A., E.P.), Section Neurosciences, University of Florence, Italy; Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (R.C., C.C., S.V.), Bron, France; Departments of Medical Sciences (M.-G.M.) and Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine (E.C.), University of Cagliari; Hospital of Gallarate (A.G., P.A.), Varese; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T., M.S.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Fondation Eugène Devic EDMUS contre la Sclérose en Plaques (R.M., C.C., S.V.), Bron; and Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation, France.
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cocco
authors.affiliation: From the Service de Neurologie A (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon/Bron; Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation; Université de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.); Université Lyon 1 et Université de Lyon (A.B., R.C., S.R., R.M., C.C., S.V.), France; Department NEUROFARBA (M.-P.A., E.P.), Section Neurosciences, University of Florence, Italy; Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (R.C., C.C., S.V.), Bron, France; Departments of Medical Sciences (M.-G.M.) and Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine (E.C.), University of Cagliari; Hospital of Gallarate (A.G., P.A.), Varese; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T., M.S.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Fondation Eugène Devic EDMUS contre la Sclérose en Plaques (R.M., C.C., S.V.), Bron; and Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation, France.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghezzi
authors.affiliation: From the Service de Neurologie A (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon/Bron; Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation; Université de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.); Université Lyon 1 et Université de Lyon (A.B., R.C., S.R., R.M., C.C., S.V.), France; Department NEUROFARBA (M.-P.A., E.P.), Section Neurosciences, University of Florence, Italy; Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (R.C., C.C., S.V.), Bron, France; Departments of Medical Sciences (M.-G.M.) and Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine (E.C.), University of Cagliari; Hospital of Gallarate (A.G., P.A.), Varese; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T., M.S.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Fondation Eugène Devic EDMUS contre la Sclérose en Plaques (R.M., C.C., S.V.), Bron; and Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation, France.
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Annovazzi
authors.affiliation: From the Service de Neurologie A (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon/Bron; Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation; Université de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.); Université Lyon 1 et Université de Lyon (A.B., R.C., S.R., R.M., C.C., S.V.), France; Department NEUROFARBA (M.-P.A., E.P.), Section Neurosciences, University of Florence, Italy; Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (R.C., C.C., S.V.), Bron, France; Departments of Medical Sciences (M.-G.M.) and Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine (E.C.), University of Cagliari; Hospital of Gallarate (A.G., P.A.), Varese; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T., M.S.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Fondation Eugène Devic EDMUS contre la Sclérose en Plaques (R.M., C.C., S.V.), Bron; and Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation, France.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trojano
authors.affiliation: From the Service de Neurologie A (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon/Bron; Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation; Université de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.); Université Lyon 1 et Université de Lyon (A.B., R.C., S.R., R.M., C.C., S.V.), France; Department NEUROFARBA (M.-P.A., E.P.), Section Neurosciences, University of Florence, Italy; Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (R.C., C.C., S.V.), Bron, France; Departments of Medical Sciences (M.-G.M.) and Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine (E.C.), University of Cagliari; Hospital of Gallarate (A.G., P.A.), Varese; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T., M.S.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Fondation Eugène Devic EDMUS contre la Sclérose en Plaques (R.M., C.C., S.V.), Bron; and Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation, France.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simone
authors.affiliation: From the Service de Neurologie A (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon/Bron; Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation; Université de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.); Université Lyon 1 et Université de Lyon (A.B., R.C., S.R., R.M., C.C., S.V.), France; Department NEUROFARBA (M.-P.A., E.P.), Section Neurosciences, University of Florence, Italy; Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (R.C., C.C., S.V.), Bron, France; Departments of Medical Sciences (M.-G.M.) and Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine (E.C.), University of Cagliari; Hospital of Gallarate (A.G., P.A.), Varese; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T., M.S.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Fondation Eugène Devic EDMUS contre la Sclérose en Plaques (R.M., C.C., S.V.), Bron; and Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation, France.
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marignier
authors.affiliation: From the Service de Neurologie A (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon/Bron; Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation; Université de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.); Université Lyon 1 et Université de Lyon (A.B., R.C., S.R., R.M., C.C., S.V.), France; Department NEUROFARBA (M.-P.A., E.P.), Section Neurosciences, University of Florence, Italy; Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (R.C., C.C., S.V.), Bron, France; Departments of Medical Sciences (M.-G.M.) and Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine (E.C.), University of Cagliari; Hospital of Gallarate (A.G., P.A.), Varese; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T., M.S.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Fondation Eugène Devic EDMUS contre la Sclérose en Plaques (R.M., C.C., S.V.), Bron; and Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation, France.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Confavreux
authors.affiliation: From the Service de Neurologie A (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon/Bron; Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation; Université de Lyon (A.B., F.D.-D., S.R., G.A., L.G., I.I., R.M., C.C., S.V.); Université Lyon 1 et Université de Lyon (A.B., R.C., S.R., R.M., C.C., S.V.), France; Department NEUROFARBA (M.-P.A., E.P.), Section Neurosciences, University of Florence, Italy; Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (R.C., C.C., S.V.), Bron, France; Departments of Medical Sciences (M.-G.M.) and Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine (E.C.), University of Cagliari; Hospital of Gallarate (A.G., P.A.), Varese; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T., M.S.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Fondation Eugène Devic EDMUS contre la Sclérose en Plaques (R.M., C.C., S.V.), Bron; and Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon (R.M., C.C., S.V.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-oncologie et Neuro-inflammation, France. sandra.vukusic@chu-lyon.fr.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vukusic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D020073:Gravidity; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D016015:Logistic Models; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors