title: Hyperpolarization of Frozen Hydrocarbon Gases by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization at 1.2 K.
abstract: We report a simple and general method for the hyperpolarization of condensed gases by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). The gases are adsorbed in the pores of structured mesoporous silica matrices known as HYPSOs (HYper Polarizing SOlids) that have paramagnetic polarizing agents covalently bound to the surface of the mesopores. DNP is performed at low temperatures and moderate magnetic fields (T = 1.2 K and B0 = 6.7 T). Frequency-modulated microwave irradiation is applied close to the electron spin resonance frequency (f = 188.3 GHz), and the electron spin polarization of the polarizing agents of HYPSO is transferred to the nuclear spins of the frozen gas. A proton polarization as high as P((1)H) = 70% can be obtained, which can be subsequently transferred to (13)C in natural abundance by cross-polarization, yielding up to P((13)C) = 27% for ethylene.
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Batochime, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Basile
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vuichoud
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Batochime, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.|Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM) , 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France.|Sorbonnes Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoires des Biomolécules (LBM), 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Estel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Canet
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Batochime, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Milani
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Batochime, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Aurélien
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bornet
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon , Institut de Chimie de Lyon, LC2P2, UMR 5265 CNRS-CPE Lyon-UCBL, CPE Lyon, 43 Bvd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baudouin
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon , Institut de Chimie de Lyon, LC2P2, UMR 5265 CNRS-CPE Lyon-UCBL, CPE Lyon, 43 Bvd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Veyre
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon , Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ENS Lyon-5, rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gajan
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Batochime, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Lyndon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Emsley
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon , Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ENS Lyon-5, rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lesage
authors.affiliation: ETH Zürich , Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Copéret
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon , Institut de Chimie de Lyon, LC2P2, UMR 5265 CNRS-CPE Lyon-UCBL, CPE Lyon, 43 Bvd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Chloé
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thieuleux
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Batochime, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.|Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM) , 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France.|Sorbonnes Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoires des Biomolécules (LBM), 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bodenhausen
authors.affiliation: Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM) , 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France.|Sorbonnes Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoires des Biomolécules (LBM), 75005 Paris, France.|International Tomography Center , SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.|Novosibirsk State University , Pirogova St. 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Koptyug
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Batochime, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jannin