title: Development of an ELISA to detect clenbuterol in swine products using a new approach for hapten design.
abstract: This research outlines the application of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the analysis of clenbuterol in animal products. Our assay showed good sensitivity for clenbuterol (0.4 ng/g or 0.4 ppb) and low detection limit (0.09 ng/g or 0.09 ppb). A low cross-reactivity for other β2-agonist drugs such as salbutamol, terbutaline, and epinephrine led to formatting an ELISA kit considered to have a high specificity for clenbuterol. A survey of Ho Chi Minh City pork market was conducted as part of the validation of our ELISA. ELISA results showed a surprisingly high value of contamination. However, it will be necessary to conduct a more statistically valid replicated survey with evaluation by other instrumental methods to obtain a definite conclusion. This ELISA kit will be used to monitor growth promoter residues in Vietnam's animal products.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Analytical Services and Experimentation of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. quocanhchem@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Quoc Anh
authors.initials: QA
authors.lastname: Bui
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Department, Can Tho Medical College, Can Tho, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Thi Huynh Han
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Vu
authors.affiliation: The Research Laboratories of Saigon High-Tech Park, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Vo Ke Thanh
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Ngo
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Ivan R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.affiliation: ARC Training Centre for Advanced Technologies in Food Manufacture and School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
authors.forename: N Alice
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Allan
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D002976:Clenbuterol / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006241:Haptens / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D057230:Limit of Detection; D011817:Rabbits; D000069466:Red Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D006241:Haptens; D002976:Clenbuterol
keywords: Clenbuterol; ELISA; Hapten synthesis; β2-agonist