title: Cell Wall Invertase Promotes Fruit Set under Heat Stress by Suppressing ROS-Independent Cell Death.
abstract: Reduced cell wall invertase (CWIN) activity has been shown to be associated with poor seed and fruit set under abiotic stress. Here, we examined whether genetically increasing native CWIN activity would sustain fruit set under long-term moderate heat stress (LMHS), an important factor limiting crop production, by using transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) with its CWIN inhibitor gene silenced and focusing on ovaries and fruits at 2 d before and after pollination, respectively. We found that the increase of CWIN activity suppressed LMHS-induced programmed cell death in fruits. Surprisingly, measurement of the contents of H2O2 and malondialdehyde and the activities of a cohort of antioxidant enzymes revealed that the CWIN-mediated inhibition on programmed cell death is exerted in a reactive oxygen species-independent manner. Elevation of CWIN activity sustained Suc import into fruits and increased activities of hexokinase and fructokinase in the ovaries in response to LMHS Compared to the wild type, the CWIN-elevated transgenic plants exhibited higher transcript levels of heat shock protein genes Hsp90 and Hsp100 in ovaries and HspII17.6 in fruits under LMHS, which corresponded to a lower transcript level of a negative auxin responsive factor IAA9 but a higher expression of the auxin biosynthesis gene ToFZY6 in fruits at 2 d after pollination. Collectively, the data indicate that CWIN enhances fruit set under LMHS through suppression of programmed cell death in a reactive oxygen species-independent manner that could involve enhanced Suc import and catabolism, HSP expression, and auxin response and biosynthesis.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Life Sciences and Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia (Y.-H.L., C.E.O., Y.-L.R.); and Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China (Y.-H.L.).
authors.forename: Yong-Hua
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8545-9192
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Life Sciences and Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia (Y.-H.L., C.E.O., Y.-L.R.); and Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China (Y.-H.L.).
authors.forename: Christina E
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5403-4834
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Offler
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Life Sciences and Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia (Y.-H.L., C.E.O., Y.-L.R.); and Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China (Y.-H.L.) yong-ling.ruan@newcastle.edu.au.
authors.forename: Yong-Ling
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8394-4474
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Ruan
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D002374:Catalase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000201:enzymology*; D035264:Flowers / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005631:Fructokinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005638:Fruit / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006593:Hexokinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D034622:RNA Interference; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D043324:beta-Fructofuranosidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002374:Catalase; D005631:Fructokinases; D006593:Hexokinase; C046173:fructokinase; D043324:beta-Fructofuranosidase