title: The skin microbiome in allergen-induced canine atopic dermatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies focusing on next-generation sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene have allowed detailed surveys of skin bacterial populations (microbiota) of the skin.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated temporal changes in the skin microbiota in a canine model of atopic dermatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight atopic dogs previously sensitized with house dust mites (HDM).
  
  
  METHODS
  The dogs were topically challenged on the right groin with HDM allergens. Swabs were collected from the challenged and the contralateral nonchallenged sites prior to provocation (pre-challenge; baseline sample) and on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 after allergen challenge. The 16S rRNA gene was amplified, sequenced and analysed. Staphylococcus spp. and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius were quantified with quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Skin lesions developed in all dogs on the challenged sites. Differences in bacterial groups were observed on the challenged site over time. Relatively lower abundances of Fusobacteriaceae on Day 7, and, based on LEfSe, increased abundances of Corynebacteriaceae on Day 1, and Staphylococcaceae on days 7, 14 and 21, were observed on the challenged site, compared to the contralateral site. Results of RT-qPCR correlated with those of next-generation sequencing, with significantly increased numbers of Staphylococcus spp. and S. pseudintermedius on Day 21, and days 7 and 21 on the challenged site compared to the contralateral site, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that an allergen challenge in sensitized dogs leads to bacterial dysbiosis with increased abundance of S. pseudintermedius at the site of lesion induction.
authors.affiliation: Texas A&M University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pierezan
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Olivry
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
authors.forename: Judith S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Paps
authors.affiliation: Texas A&M University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
authors.forename: Sara D
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9154-8909
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lawhon
authors.affiliation: Texas A&M University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Texas A&M University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
authors.forename: Jörg M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.affiliation: Texas A&M University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
authors.forename: Jan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Suchodolski
authors.affiliation: Texas A&M University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, 77843, USA. arodrigues@cvm.tamu.edu.
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodrigues Hoffmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides / Q000276:immunology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D039981:Pyroglyphidae / Q000382:microbiology; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S