title: Impact of Magnetic Field on Pressures of Programmable Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts: An Experimental Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether programmable cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts are influenced by exposure to the magnetic field and to compare the effects of magnetic field in 4 different brands of programmable CSF shunts.
  
  
  METHODS
  This experimental study was performed in the laboratory using a novel design of magnetic field. Four types of programmable CSF shunts (Miethke®, Medtronic®, Sophysa® and Codman®Hakim®) were exposed to the magnetic field generated by an apparatus consisting of Helmholtz coil for 5 minutes. In every CSF shunt, initial pressures were adjusted to 110 mm H2O and pressures after exposure to magnetic field were noted. These measurements were implemented at frequencies of 5 Hz, 20 Hz, 30 Hz, 40 Hz, 60 Hz and 80 Hz. In each type, three shunts were utilized and evaluations were made twice for every shunt.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 5, 30, 40 and 60 Hz, Groups 1, 2 and 3 had significantly higher average pressures than Group 4. At 20 and 80 Hz, Groups 1 and 2 had notably different pressure values than Groups 3 and 4. Group 3 displayed the highest pressure, while Group 4 demonstrated the lowest pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to magnetic fields may affect the pressures of programmable CSF shunts. However, further controlled, clinical trials are warranted to elucidate the in-vivo effects of magnetic field exposure.
authors.affiliation: Sutcu Imam University, Medical Faculty, Department of Neurosurgery, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.
authors.forename: Idiris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Altun
authors.forename: Kasim Zafer
authors.initials: KZ
authors.lastname: Yuksel
authors.forename: Tufan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mert
mesh_terms: D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D060526:Magnetic Fields