title: Microenvironment drug resistance in multiple myeloma: emerging new players.
abstract: Multiple myeloma (MM) drug resistance (DR) is a multistep transformation process based on a powerful interplay between bone marrow stromal cells and MM cells that allows the latter to escape anti-myeloma therapies. Here we present an overview of the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in both soluble factors-mediated drug resistance (SFM-DR) and cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR), focusing on the role of new players, namely miRNAs, exosomes and cancer-associated fibroblasts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Internal Medicine Section, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Di Marzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Internal Medicine Section, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Desantis
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Internal Medicine Section, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio Giovanni
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Solimando
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruggieri
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Annese
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nico
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, General Pathology Section, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Ruggiero
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fumarulo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Internal Medicine Section, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vacca
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, General Pathology Section, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Antonia
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Frassanito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D000072645:Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts / Q000502:physiology*; D063646:Carcinogenesis; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D055354:Exosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: cancer-associated fibroblasts; drug resistance; exosomes; microRNAs; multiple myeloma