title: Expression of Cell Cycle-Related Proteins p16, p27, p53 and Ki-67 in HPV-positive and -negative Samples of Papillomas of the Upper Respiratory Tract.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection as an etiological factor of respiratory tract papillomas has been described in numerous studies, however its role in malignant transformation has not been clearly defined. Depending on their oncogenic potential they have been classified as low- and high-risk HPVs. We analyzed the expression of four cell cycle-related proteins in order to understand the processes leading to malignant transformation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six cases of pharyngeal and laryngeal papillomas were analyzed. Nested multiplex polymerase chain reactions to detect the presence of the HPV types, as well as immunohistochemical reactions were performed for the detection of cell cycle-related proteins p16, p27, p53 and Ki-67.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of HPVs 6/11 and 16 was confirmed in 10/56 cases. The expression of all analyzed cell cycle-related proteins was increased in HPV-infected papillomas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HPV infection of the upper respiratory tract may influence the expression of cell cycle-related proteins, that could indicate its possible role in the process of malignant transformation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zatonski
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland urszula.ciesielska@umed.wroc.pl.
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ciesielska
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nowinska
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ratajczak-Wielgomas
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kobierzycki
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Bartosz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pula
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Marzenna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Podhorska-Okolow
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krecicki
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dziegiel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000472:pathogenicity; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D010610:Pharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; C000614131:CDKN2A protein, human; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
keywords: HPV; Human papillomavirus; malignant transformation; upper respiratory tract papillomas