title: Recommendations of Common Data Elements to Advance the Science of Self-Management of Chronic Conditions.
abstract: Common data elements (CDEs) are increasingly being used by researchers to promote data sharing across studies. The purposes of this article are to (a) describe the theoretical, conceptual, and definition issues in the development of a set of CDEs for research addressing self-management of chronic conditions; (b) propose an initial set of CDEs and their measures to advance the science of self-management; and (c) recommend implications for future research and dissemination.
  
  
  
  Between July 2014 and December 2015 the directors of the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR)-funded P20 and P30 centers of excellence and NINR staff met in a series of telephone calls and a face-to-face NINR-sponsored meeting to select a set of recommended CDEs to be used in self-management research. A list of potential CDEs was developed from examination of common constructs in current self-management frameworks, as well as identification of variables frequently used in studies conducted in the centers of excellence.
  
  
  
  The recommended CDEs include measures of three self-management processes: activation, self-regulation, and self-efficacy for managing chronic conditions, and one measure of a self-management outcome, global health.
  
  
  
  The self-management of chronic conditions, which encompasses a considerable number of processes, behaviors, and outcomes across a broad range of chronic conditions, presents several challenges in the identification of a parsimonious set of CDEs. This initial list of recommended CDEs for use in self-management research is provisional in that it is expected that over time it will be refined. Comment and recommended revisions are sought from the research and practice communities.
  
  
  
  The use of CDEs can facilitate generalizability of research findings across diverse population and interventions.
authors.affiliation: Delta Xi, Edward J. and Louise Mellen Professor of Nursing, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. smm8@case.edu.
authors.forename: Shirley M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Alpha Chi, Eta Nu, Professor and Associate Dean for Research, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schiffman
authors.affiliation: Assistant Dean for Research, Associate Professor, Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Drenna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Waldrop-Valverde
authors.affiliation: Delta Mu, Beatrice Renfield Term Professor of Nursing, Professor, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Nancy S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Redeker
authors.affiliation: Clinical Advisor, Contractor, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Donna Jo
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: McCloskey
authors.affiliation: Epsilon Theta, Professor, Associate Vice President for Community Health Engagement, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Miyong T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Gamma Epsilon, Professor and Chairperson, Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Margaret M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Heitkemper
authors.affiliation: Professor, Director of the PhD Program, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Guthrie
authors.affiliation: Pi, Professor and Chair, Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Susan G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Dorsey
authors.affiliation: Lota Omicron, Associate Professor, School of Nursing; Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine; Co-Director, P30 Center for Cognitive/Affective Symptom Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Sharron L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Docherty
authors.affiliation: Mary Lou Willard French Professor of Oncology Nursing University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.affiliation: Beta Epsilon and Theta Iota, Associate Professor, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Donald E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.affiliation: Alpha, Distinguished Professor Emerita, Indiana University School of Nursing, Indianapolis, IN and National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Joan K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.affiliation: Tau, Director, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grady
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D065709:Common Data Elements; D006801:Humans; D015399:Nursing Research; D012648:Self Care
keywords: Common data elements; research data harmonization; self-management