title: Long-term results and recurrence rates after spironolactone treatment in non-resolving central serous chorio-retinopathy (CSCR).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the long-term results of spironolactone in non-resolving central serous chorio-retinopathy (CSCR) and recurrence rates of CSCR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interventional uncontrolled open-label prospective clinical trial of patients with non-resolving CSCR who were treated with spironolactone 50 mg daily (Spironolacton AL® 50 mg, ALIUD PHARMA) for up to 16 weeks. Follow-up visits were performed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Retreatment criteria for recurrence were: gain in sub-retinal fluid (SRF) of more than 25 % plus/or increase of central retinal thickness (CRT) of more than 50 μm plus visual symptoms compared to last visit.
  
  
  METHODS
  12-month efficacy of upload treatment with spironolactone. Secondary outcome measure was the recurrence rate at 6, 9, and 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 21 study eyes treated, 71 % (n = 15) showed significant improvement or complete regression on OCT examination over 12 months. Nineteen percent of the patients (n = 4) showed a stable course from visit 1 to visit 12. The overall reduction of sub-retinal fluid from visit 1 (156 μm ± 131 SD) to visit 12 (53 μm ± 93 SD) was statistically significant (p = 0.003). The change of mean visual acuity (log MAR) from 0.25 (± 0.17 SD) at baseline to 0.17 (± 0.18 SD) at visit 12 was statistically significant, with p = 0.044.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results confirm a positive effect of spironolactone in non-resolving CSCR in 71 % of cases. Evaluation of recurrence rates and retreatments showed good results in patients who responded to spironolactone primarily. A prospective randomized trial may provide better data about this non-invasive treatment.
authors.affiliation: University Eye Hospital - LMU, 80539, Munich, Germany. Tina.Herold@med.uni-muenchen.de.|Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, 80539, Munich, Germany. Tina.Herold@med.uni-muenchen.de.|Klinikum der Universität München, Campus Innenstadt, Mathildenstrasse 8, D-80336, Munich, Germany. Tina.Herold@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Tina Rike
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Herold
authors.affiliation: University Eye Hospital - LMU, 80539, Munich, Germany.|Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, 80539, Munich, Germany.|Klinikum der Universität München, Campus Innenstadt, Mathildenstrasse 8, D-80336, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rist
authors.affiliation: University Eye Hospital - LMU, 80539, Munich, Germany.|Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, 80539, Munich, Germany.|Klinikum der Universität München, Campus Innenstadt, Mathildenstrasse 8, D-80336, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Siegfried Georg
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Priglinger
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, D-81675, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael Werner
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Ulbig
authors.affiliation: University Eye Hospital - LMU, 80539, Munich, Germany.|Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, 80539, Munich, Germany.|Klinikum der Universität München, Campus Innenstadt, Mathildenstrasse 8, D-80336, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D056833:Central Serous Chorioretinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002829:Choroid / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology; D013148:Spironolactone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D058471:Subretinal Fluid / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; D013148:Spironolactone
keywords: Central serous retinopathy; Recurrence; Spironolactone; Subretinal fluid