title: Openness to experience, work experience and patient safety.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to examine how the interaction between nurse openness and work experience is related to patient safety.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  No study has yet examined the interactions between these, and how openness and work experience jointly impact patient safety.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study adopts a cross-sectional design, using self-reported work experience, perceived time pressure and measures of patient safety, and was conducted in a major medical centre. The sample consisted of 421 full-time nurses from all available units in the centre. Proportionate random sampling was used. Patient safety was measured using the self-reported frequency of common adverse events. Openness was self-rated using items identified in the relevant literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nurse openness is positively related to the patient safety construct (B = 0.08, P = 0.03). Moreover, work experience reduces the relation between openness and patient safety (B = -0.12, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relationship between openness, work experience and patient safety suggests a new means of improving patient care in a health system setting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurse managers may enhance patient safety by assessing nurse openness and assigning highly open nurses to duties that make maximum use of that trait.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hao-Yuan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Friesner
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial and Business Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: I-Chen
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsung-Lan
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Education, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hui-Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial and Business Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wan-Er
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial and Business Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. chingit@mail.cgu.edu.tw.|Department of Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan. chingit@mail.cgu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Ching-I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Teng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology*; D015279:Organizational Culture; D061214:Patient Safety / Q000592:standards*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017748:Time Management / Q000523:psychology; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology* / Q000592:standards
keywords: nursing; openness to experience; patient safety; time pressure; work experience