title: Development of the 7-Item Binge-Eating Disorder Screener (BEDS-7).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Develop a brief, patient-reported screening tool designed to identify individuals with probable binge-eating disorder (BED) for further evaluation or referral to specialists.
  
  
  METHODS
  Items were developed on the basis of the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, existing tools, and input from 3 clinical experts (January 2014). Items were then refined in cognitive debriefing interviews with participants self-reporting BED characteristics (March 2014) and piloted in a multisite, cross-sectional, prospective, noninterventional study consisting of a semistructured diagnostic interview (to diagnose BED) and administration of the pilot Binge-Eating Disorder Screener (BEDS), Binge Eating Scale (BES), and RAND 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (RAND-36) (June 2014-July 2014). The sensitivity and specificity of classification algorithms (formed from the pilot BEDS item-level responses) in predicting BED diagnosis were evaluated. The final algorithm was selected to minimize false negatives and false positives, while utilizing the fewest number of BEDS items.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Starting with the initial BEDS item pool (20 items), the 13-item pilot BEDS resulted from the cognitive debriefing interviews (n = 13). Of the 97 participants in the noninterventional study, 16 were diagnosed with BED (10/62 female, 16%; 6/35 male, 17%). Seven BEDS items (BEDS-7) yielded 100% sensitivity and 38.7% specificity. Participants correctly identified (true positives) had poorer BES scores and RAND-36 scores than participants identified as true negatives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implementation of the brief, patient-reported BEDS-7 in real-world clinical practice is expected to promote better understanding of BED characteristics and help physicians identify patients who may have BED.
authors.affiliation: Shire Development, LLC, Lexington, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Barry K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.affiliation: Shire Development, LLC, Lexington, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Linda S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Deal
authors.affiliation: RTI Health Solutions, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Dana B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: DiBenedetti
authors.affiliation: RTI Health Solutions, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: RTI Health Solutions, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Sheri E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Fehnel
authors.affiliation: RTI Health Solutions, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: T Michelle
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D056912:Binge-Eating Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D057566:Self Report; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult