title: HIV DNA Set Point is Rapidly Established in Acute HIV Infection and Dramatically Reduced by Early ART.
abstract: HIV DNA is a marker of HIV persistence that predicts HIV progression and remission, but its kinetics in early acute HIV infection (AHI) is poorly understood. We longitudinally measured the frequency of peripheral blood mononuclear cells harboring total and integrated HIV DNA in 19 untreated and 71 treated AHI participants, for whom 50 were in the earliest Fiebig I/II (HIV IgM-) stage, that is ≤2weeks from infection. Without antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV DNA peaked at 2weeks after enrollment, reaching a set-point 2weeks later with little change thereafter. There was a marked divergence of HIV DNA values between the untreated and treated groups that occurred within the first 2weeks of ART and increased with time. ART reduced total HIV DNA levels by 20-fold after 2weeks and 316-fold after 3years. Therefore, very early ART offers the opportunity to significantly reduce the frequency of cells harboring HIV DNA.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA; SEARCH, The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand. Electronic address: jananworanich@hivresearch.org.
authors.forename: Jintanat
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ananworanich
authors.affiliation: CRCHUM and Department of microbiology, infectiology and immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; The Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute-Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chomont
authors.affiliation: U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Leigh Ann
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Eller
authors.affiliation: SEARCH, The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kroon
authors.affiliation: U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Sodsai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tovanabutra
authors.affiliation: U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Meera
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bose
authors.affiliation: U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nau
authors.affiliation: SEARCH, The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: James L K
authors.initials: JLK
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.affiliation: SEARCH, The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Somporn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tipsuk
authors.affiliation: The Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute-Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vandergeeten
authors.affiliation: CRCHUM and Department of microbiology, infectiology and immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: O'Connell
authors.affiliation: U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Suteeraporn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pinyakorn
authors.affiliation: U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Nelson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Michael
authors.affiliation: SEARCH, The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Nittaya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Phanuphak
authors.affiliation: U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Merlin L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Robb
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D004279:DNA, Viral; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D011533:Proviruses; D012367:RNA, Viral; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: Acute HIV infection; Art; HIV DNA; Persistence; Reservoir