title: Sol-gel dip coating of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia dental ceramic by aluminosilicate nanocomposite as a novel technique to improve the bonding of veneering porcelain.
abstract: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of silica and aluminosilicate nanocomposite coating of zirconia-based dental ceramic by a sol-gel dip-coating technique on the bond strength of veneering porcelain to the yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) in vitro. Thirty Y-TZP blocks (10 mm ×10 mm ×3 mm) were prepared and were assigned to four experimental groups (n=10/group): C, without any further surface treatment as the control group; S, sandblasted using 110 μm alumina powder; Si, silica sol dip coating + calcination; and Si/Al, aluminosilicate sol dip coating + calcination. After preparing Y-TZP samples, a 3 mm thick layer of the recommended porcelain was fired on the coated Y-TZP surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis were used to characterize the coating and the nature of the bonding between the coating and zirconia. To examine the zirconia-porcelain bond strength, a microtensile bond strength (μTBS) approach was chosen. FT-IR study showed the formation of silica and aluminosilicate materials. XRD pattern showed the formation of new phases consisting of Si, Al, and Zr in coated samples. SEM showed the formation of a uniform coating on Y-TZP samples. Maximum μTBS values were obtained in aluminosilicate samples, which were significantly increased compared to control and sandblasted groups (P=0.013 and P<0.001, respectively). This study showed that aluminosilicate sol-gel dip coating can be considered as a convenient, less expensive reliable method for improving the bond strength between dental Y-TZP ceramics and veneering porcelain.
authors.affiliation: Dental Research Center, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.
authors.forename: Azamsadat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Madani
authors.affiliation: Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad.
authors.forename: Mohammadreza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakhaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan.
authors.forename: Parisa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karami
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanotechnology, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology, Mashhad.
authors.forename: Ghadir
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rajabzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanotechnology, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology, Mashhad; Department of Material and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Semnan, Semnan.
authors.forename: Sahar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salehi
authors.affiliation: Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bagheri
mesh_terms: D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D003801:Dental Veneers; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D015019:Yttrium / Q000737:chemistry*; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D003764:Dental Materials; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C049037:aluminosilicate; D015019:Yttrium; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide; C091417:yttria
keywords: bond strength; dip coating; porcelain; zirconia