title: [Effects of Scalp Acupuncture on Serum NSE and S-100β Concentrations and Postoperative Cogni- tive Function of Elderly Patients Undergoing Hip Replacement].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effect of Scalp acupuncture on serum neuron specific enolase (NSE) and S-100β concentrations, and incidence rates of postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative cognitive function (POCD) of elderly patients undergoing hip replacement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-four patients undergoing scheduled hip replacement under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) were assigned to the control group (group C) and the scalp acupuncture group (group S) according to random digit table, 42 cases in each group. In group S, scalp acupuncture was additionally performed according to International Standardized Scheme for Scalp Acupuncture. Scalp acupuncture was performed during the operation from the MS1 middle line of forehead [1 cun before Shenting (GV24), including Shenting (GV24)] and MS5 middle line of vertex [from Baihui (DU20) to Qianding (DU21), including Baihui (DU20) and Qianding (DU21)]. The operation time and post-operative length of stay were observed. The midazolam dosage, hemorrhage amount, fluid transfusion amount, urine amount, use rates of ephedrine and atropine during the operation were also observed and compared between the two groups. The occurrence rate of POD and POCD at post-operative day 3 (T₁), week 1 (T₂), month 3 (T₃), and month 6 (T₄) were measured. Eighteen patients were randomly selected to collect blood from internal jugular vein before anesthesia t₀), immediately after ending the surgery (t₁), 6 h after operation (t₂), 24 h after operation (t₃), and 48 h after operation (t₄), respectively. Serum levels of NSE and S-100β were correspondingly measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no statistical difference in the operation time, midazolam dosage used during the operation, hemorrhage amount, fluid transfusion amount, urine amount, use rates of ephedrine and atropine (P > 0.05). Compared with group C, the post-operative length of stay was shortened in group S (P < 0.05). The incidence rate of POD and that of POCD at each time point were lower in group S (P < 0.05). The expression level of NSE decreased at t₂, t3, and t₄, and the expression level of S100β also decreased at t₁, t₂, t₃, and t₄(P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in expression levels of NSE or S100β between the two groups at other time points (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Scalp acupuncture could attenuate central nervous system lesion and improve POCD of elderly patients undergoing hip replacement.
authors.forename: Xiao-zheng
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hai-fang
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xiao-min
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jie-ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Rui-you
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yan-lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Bi
mesh_terms: D015669:Acupuncture Points; D015670:Acupuncture Therapy; D000368:Aged; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; D003071:Cognition; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000097:blood*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011184:Postoperative Period; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit / Q000097:blood*; D012535:Scalp
chemical_list: D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; C579160:S100B protein, human; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase