title: Improved survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and disparities by age, race, and socioeconomic status by decade, 1983-2012.
abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), accounting for the majority of liver cancer, is a highly aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis and therefore adds up the financial burden. Incidence data of HCC in three decades during 1983-2012 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database with incidence rates of 1.9, 3.1 and 4.9 per 100,000 respectively. In addition, to evaluate the survival changes in the same period, a total of 63,640 HCC cancer cases were accessed from SEER database. The six-month relative survival rates improved each decade from 31.0% to 42.9% to 57.2% and the higher increase can be seen in the last two decades. More importantly, the disparities of survival among different racial groups and socioeconomic status (SES) were confirmed by the inferiority of survival in Black race and high-poverty group respectively. This research analyzed the incidence and survival data of HCC in the past three decades and may help predict the future trends of incidence and survival. Furthermore, this study may help better design healthcare policies and clinical management programs to balance the disparities of survival between SES groups, races, ages and sexes confirmed in this study and thereby improve the clinical management of HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China.
authors.forename: Shuncong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China.
authors.forename: Huanhuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Equipment Management, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China.
authors.forename: Zhinan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China.
authors.forename: Guobin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Center for Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.|Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Molecular Imaging, Zhuhai, 519000, China.|Institute of Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and the Center for Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Saradhi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mallampati
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China.
authors.forename: Xiuling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China.
authors.forename: Cuiling
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China.
authors.forename: Hongyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China.
authors.forename: Zhibin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Center for Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.|Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Molecular Imaging, Zhuhai, 519000, China.|Institute of Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China.
authors.forename: Haiqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044469:Racial Groups; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: SEER; hepatocellular carcinoma; incidence; relative survival; socioeconomic status