title: Treatment Outcomes and Tolerability Following Initiation of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Primary Care Practices in Germany.
abstract: The aim was to investigate real-world treatment outcomes and tolerability of GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes in Germany.
  
  
  
  Patients from 323 primary care practices who started any GLP-1RA therapy (89 Byetta, 108 Bydureon, 347 Victoza patients) between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2013 (index date) were analyzed retrospectively (Disease Analyzer database, Germany). Changes from baseline in HbA1c, weight, and hypoglycemia were evaluated in 3 follow-up periods of 0-6, 7-12, and 13-18 months.
  
  
  
  A total of 544 diabetes patients (mean age: 57.9 years; men: 54%) were eligible for the study. Mean (SD) HbA1c (%) decreased from 8.3 (1.4) at baseline to 7.4 (1.2) in 6 months, 7.6 (1.3) in 7-12 months and 7.6 (1.4) in 13-18 months, respectively ( P < .001 for all), while the proportion of patients with HbA1c <7% increased from 15% at baseline to 38%, 36% and 35% in the corresponding periods ( P < .0001 for all). Multivariate-adjusted beta coefficients corresponding to changes in HbA1c (%) from baseline were -.52, -.44, and -.44, respectively, in the follow-up periods for baseline HbA1c (%) ( P < .0001 for all). The prevalence of hypoglycemia at baseline was 0.7%; this did not change significantly after treatment.
  
  
  
  In clinical practice, GLP-1RA treatment was associated with improved glycemic control without increased hypoglycemia for up to 18 months. The higher the baseline HbA1c, the greater the HbA1c reduction recorded.
authors.affiliation: 1 AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: 1 AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Johnsson
authors.affiliation: 2 AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grandy
authors.affiliation: 3 IMS Health, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kostev
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077270:Exenatide; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069450:Liraglutide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014688:Venoms / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000097789:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists
chemical_list: D000077270:Exenatide; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000069450:Liraglutide; D010455:Peptides; D014688:Venoms; D000097789:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: BMI; GLP-1 receptor agonists; HbA1c; type 2 diabetes