title: Surgical versus percutaneous techniques for peritoneal dialysis catheter placement: A meta-analysis of the outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an effective method of renal replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease patients. The PD catheter could be inserted by surgical (open surgery/laparoscopic-assisted) or percutaneous techniques. However, the efficacy of the techniques, including catheter survival and catheter related complications, is still controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The dataset was defined by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar and the Cochrane database that had been published until July 2014. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager Software version 5.2.6.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final analysis was conducted on 10 studies (2 randomized controlled studies (RCTs) and 8 retrospective studies), including 1626 patients. The pooled data demonstrate no significant difference in 1-year catheter survival (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.52-2.10, P = 0.90) between surgical and percutaneous groups. However, the sensitivity analysis of the RCTs demonstrated that the incidence of overall infectious (OR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.11-0.64, P = 0.003) and overall mechanical complications (OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.15-0.68, P = 0.003) were significantly lower in the percutaneous groups than the surgical groups. Furthermore, the subgroup analyses revealed no significant difference in the rates of peritonitis, tunnel and exit site infection, leakage, inflow-outflow obstruction, bleeding and hernia by comparing the methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed that the placement modality did not affect 1-year catheter survival. Percutaneous catheter placement is as safe and effective as surgical technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Ongkharak, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Thawatchai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tullavardhana
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Ongkharak, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Prinya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Akranurakkul
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Ongkharak, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Withoon
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ungkitphaiboon
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Ongkharak, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Dolrudee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Songtish
keywords: Meta-analysis; Percutaneous insertion; Peritoneal dialysis catheters; Surgical insertion; Technical survival