title: E2F1 Hinders Skin Wound Healing by Repressing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Expression, Neovascularization, and Macrophage Recruitment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Refractory surface of wound and dermal chronic ulcer are largely attributed to poor neovascularization. We have previously shown that E2F1 suppresses VEGF expression in the ischemic heart, and that genetic deletion of E2F1 leads to better cardiac recovery. However, whether E2F1 has a role in dermal wound healing is currently not known.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Skin wounds were surgically induced in E2F1-null (E2F1-/-) mice and WT littermates. E2F1-/- displayed an accelerated wound healing including wound closure, dermal thickening and collagen deposition, which was associated with an increased endothelial cell proliferation and greater vessel density in the border zone of the wound. Furthermore, more macrophages were recruited to the skin lesions and the level of VEGF expression was markedly higher in E2F1-/- than in WT mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  E2F1 hinders skin wound healing by suppressing VEGF expression, neovascularization, and macrophage recruitment. Strategies that target E2F1 may enhance wound healing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Ningning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Yiping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Haiping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Youping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Hongxia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: College of Liberal Arts and Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, United States of America.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine - Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
authors.forename: Keshav
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Parthasarathy
authors.affiliation: Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine - Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
authors.forename: Samaksh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goyal
authors.affiliation: Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine - Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America.
authors.forename: Gangjian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor; C493754:E2f1 protein, mouse; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467480:vascular endothelial growth factor A, mouse