title: Off-pump midline repair of coarctation of aorta when associated with intracardiac defects: an alternate approach for single-stage correction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Strategies for the optimal surgical management of coarctation of aorta with associated intracardiac defects continue to be debated upon. We describe a previously unreported surgical technique for the management of this combination of defects and present our early results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one patients (median age: 73 days and median weight: 3.9 kg) underwent repair of coarctation of aorta with associated cardiac defects, in a single-stage, through a midline sternotomy. Twenty-eight patients had associated distal arch hypoplasia and 1 had a type I interruption. The coarctation and when necessary, the distal arch, was repaired prior to the institution of cardiopulmonary bypass. Cardiopulmonary bypass was subsequently instituted for the repair of the associated intracardiac defects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients had successful repair of coarctation and distal arch hypoplasia without the need for rescue cardiopulmonary bypass. In addition, 29 patients had closure of one or more ventricular septal defects, 3 patients had an arterial switch procedure and 1 had repair of double outlet right ventricle. Repair of supramitral ring and subaortic membrane was performed in another 3 patients. One patient underwent concomitant mitral valve repair. There was one in-hospital mortality (3.22%) due to fulminant sepsis. The median follow-up was 29.5 months (range: 1-58 months). There was no late mortality. Two patients required balloon dilatation for recurrent coarctation. Overall event-free survival rate was 88.5% at both 2 and 3 years of follow-up after surgery. However, intervention-free survival at 2 and 3 years of follow-up was 91.7% among the survivors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repair of coarctation and distal arch hypoplasia or type I arch interruption is feasible prior to the institution of cardiopulmonary bypass without the use of hypothermic circulatory arrest or regional cerebral perfusion, with acceptable and reproducible results.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Sciences, Fortis Escorts Heart Institute, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Nilanjan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Sciences, Fortis Escorts Heart Institute, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Rajarshi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Sciences, Fortis Escorts Heart Institute, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Neeraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Awasthy
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Sciences, Fortis Escorts Heart Institute, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Sumir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Girotra
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Sciences, Fortis Escorts Heart Institute, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Sitaraman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Radhakrishnan
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Sciences, Fortis Escorts Heart Institute, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Savitri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shrivastava
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Sciences, Fortis Escorts Heart Institute, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Parvathi Unninayar
authors.initials: PU
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Sciences, Fortis Escorts Heart Institute, New Delhi, India iyerks_ehirc@yahoo.com iyerks@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Krishna Subramony
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Iyer
mesh_terms: D001017:Aortic Coarctation / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000379:methods; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D056346:Sternotomy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Coarctation repair; Off-pump surgery; One-stage repair