title: Analysis of the Metabolic Pathways Affected by Poly(γ-glutamic Acid) in Arabidopsis thaliana Based on GeneChip Microarray.
abstract: Plant growth is promoted by poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA). However, the molecular mechanism underlying such promotion is not yet well understood. Therefore, we used GeneChip microarrays to explore the effects of γ-PGA on gene transcription in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results revealed 299 genes significantly regulated by γ-PGA. These differently expressed genes participate mainly in metabolic and cellular processes and in stimuli responses. The metabolic pathways linked to these differently expressed genes were also investigated. A total of 64 of the 299 differently expressed genes were shown to be directly involved in 24 pathways such as brassinosteroid biosynthesis, α-linolenic acid metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and nitrogen metabolism, all of which were influenced by γ-PGA. The analysis demonstrated that γ-PGA promoted nitrogen assimilation and biosynthesis of brassinosteroids, jasmonic acid, and lignins, providing a better explanation for why γ-PGA promotes growth and enhances stress tolerance in plants.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zongqi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaohai
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Sha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011099:Polyglutamic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C511775:poly(gamma-glutamic acid); D011099:Polyglutamic Acid
keywords: biological processes; differentially expressed genes; metabolic pathways; poly(γ-glutamic acid); stress tolerance