title: Low intensity ultrasound therapy induces angiogenesis and persistent inflammation in the chronic phase of the healing process of third degree burn wounds experimentally induced in diabetic and non-diabetic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of low intensity ultrasound on the healing process of third degree burn wounds in experimentally induced diabetic Wistar rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred rats were divided into: control group; non-diabetic treated group; diabetic control group; diabetic treated group. The therapy was performed with a 3MHz ultrasound application, pulsed emission at 100Hz frequency, modulated at 20% with a dosage of 0.5W/cm2 during three minutes throughout 30 days. The surgical debridement of the wound was performed once at day 2. The wounds were morphometrically, macroscopically and microscopically evaluated at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The wound contraction and collagen quantification were higher in all treated groups. Macroscopically, necrosis was higher in the diabetic control group. Granulation tissue was higher in treated groups during the proliferative and remodeling phase. Microscopically, there were greater mononuclear inflammatory infiltration, angiogenesis and fibroblast quantification in treated groups during the proliferative and remodeling phases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  therapeutic ultrasound is beneficial in the inflammatory and proliferative phases of the healing process because it controlled the necrotic tissue, increased the granulation tissue and wound contraction. However in the remodeling phase it is not beneficial because of the continued angiogenesis and a mononuclear inflammatory infiltration.
authors.affiliation: PhD, Full Professor, Superior School of Physical Education and Physical Therapy of Goias State (ESEFFEGO), Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG), Goias-GO, Brazil. Intellectual, scientific, conception and design of the study;manuscript writing.
authors.forename: Marcelo Silva
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Fantinati
authors.affiliation: Fellow Master degree, Postgraduation Program in Host-Parasite Relationship, Tropical Pathology and Public Health Institute, UFG, Goias-GO, Brazil. Acquisition of data.
authors.forename: Diego Eterno Oliveira
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Mendonça
authors.affiliation: Master, Assistant Professor, ESEFFEGO, UEG, Goias-GO, Brazil. Acquisition of data.
authors.forename: Adriana Márcia Monteiro
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fantinati
authors.affiliation: Graduate student, Physical Therapy, ESEFFEGO, UEG, Goias-GO, Brazil. Acquisition of data.
authors.forename: Bruno Flamarion Dos
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Graduate student, Physical Therapy, ESEFFEGO, UEG, Goias-GO, Brazil. Acquisition of data.
authors.forename: Juliana Cristina Oliveira
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Specialist, Assistant Professor, ESEFFEGO, UEG, Goias-GO, Brazil. Conception and design of the study.
authors.forename: Cristina Lopes
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Afonso
authors.affiliation: PhD, Associate Professor, Tropical Pathology and Public Health Institute, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goias-GO, Brazil. Analysis and interpretation of data, manuscript writing.
authors.forename: Marina Clare
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Vinaud
authors.affiliation: PhD, Associate Professor, Tropical Pathology and Public Health Institute, UFG, Goias-GO, Brazil Scientific and intellectual content of the study, analysis and interpretation of data, statistical analysis, manuscript preparation.
authors.forename: Ruy de Souza
authors.initials: Rde S
authors.lastname: Lino
mesh_terms: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D002056:Burns / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000473:pathology; D006097:Granulation Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D023421:Models, Animal; D009336:Necrosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012867:Skin / Q000293:injuries*; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D003094:Collagen