title: Crassostrea gigas exposure to the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima: Histological and gene expression effects on the digestive gland.
abstract: Bivalve mollusks bioaccumulate toxins via ingestion of toxic dinoflagellates. In this study, Crassostrea gigas was used to investigate the effects related to Prorocentrum lima exposure. Oysters were fed with three diets Isochrysis galbana (2 × 10(6) cell mL(-1)) control treatment; algal mix of I. galbana (2 × 10(6)) and P. lima (3 × 10(3) cell mL(-1)); and P. lima alone (3 × 10(3) cell mL(-1)). Feeding behavior changes, histopathological alterations, and expression patterns changes of genes involved in cell cycle (p21, cafp55, p53), cytoskeleton (tub, act), and inflammatory process (casp1) were evaluated. Results indicated that the presence of diarrheic shellfish poisoning by P. lima cells decreased the clearance rate (p < 0.05), induced structural loss, significantly decreased tubule area of the digestive gland (p < 0.05), and up-regulated in expression all gene (p < 0.05), suggesting that toxic cells might trigger inflammatory tissue process, disturb cell cycle and cytoskeleton representing a risk to oysters integrity.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Tecnológico de La Paz, Boulevard Forjadores de Baja California Sur No. 4720, Apartado Postal 43-B, La Paz, 23080, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Electronic address: reynaromerog@yahoo.com.mx.
authors.forename: Reyna de Jesús
authors.initials: Rde J
authors.lastname: Romero-Geraldo
authors.affiliation: CIBNOR - Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 195, Playa Palo de Sta. Rita Sur, Apartado Postal128, La Paz, 23096, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Electronic address: nglagunas@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Norma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: García-Lagunas
authors.affiliation: CIBNOR - Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 195, Playa Palo de Sta. Rita Sur, Apartado Postal128, La Paz, 23096, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Electronic address: nhernan04@cibnor.mx.
authors.forename: Norma Yolanda
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Hernández-Saavedra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049896:Crassostrea / Q000502:physiology*; D004063:Digestion; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000502:physiology*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology*; D058087:Haptophyta; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins
keywords: Cell cycle; Crassostrea gigas; Cytoskeleton; Digestive gland; Inflammation; Prorocentrum lima