title: Synthesis and evaluation of isometamidium-alginate nanoparticles on equine mononuclear and red blood cells.
abstract: Isometamidium hydrochloride (ISMM) is an effective drug for the treatment of trypanosomosis, but it causes local and systemic toxicity. Isometamidium hydrochloride has limited therapeutic index and exhibit considerable variation in their prophylactic activities. We developed a trypanocidal nanoformulation using ISMM and polymers sodium alginate/gum acacia to enhance the efficacy of the drug at lower doses, while minimizing undesirable side effects. It was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy for evaluation of size, morphology, functional groups, etc. In vitro cytotoxicity studies were performed by metabolic resazurin assay at different concentrations of isometamidium-loaded alginate/gum acacia nanoparticles using equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Hemolytic assay revealed significantly less toxicity compared to the conventional drug. The results demonstrate that the developed drug delivery module can be evaluated in suitable animal models to evaluate its potency.
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India; Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Meenu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chopra
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Neeraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dilbaghi
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Balvinder K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Manuja
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Rajender
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Nitu S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Rathore
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Suresh C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India. Electronic address: amanuja@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Anju
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manuja
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004339:Drug Compounding; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006170:Gum Arabic / Q000737:chemistry*; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006736:Horses; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010617:Phenanthridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D010617:Phenanthridines; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents; C000702:isometamidium chloride; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D006170:Gum Arabic
keywords: Cytotoxicity; Isometamidium; Polymers