title: The prevalences of and association between nonmedical prescription opioid use and poor sleep among Chinese high school students.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalences of and association between nonmedical prescription opioid use (NMPOU) and sleep quality among Chinese high school students. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Chongqing high school students in 2012, and questionnaires from 18,686 students were completed and eligible for this study. Demographic and NMPOU information was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The Chinese Pittsburgh Sleep Quality index (CPSQI) was used to assess the occurrence of poor sleep. Among the total sample, 18.0% were classified as poor sleepers (27.4% of the subjects with past-month NMPOU), and the prevalences of lifetime, past-year and past-month NMPOU were 14.6, 4.6 and 2.8% across the entire sample, respectively. The most commonly used medicine was licorice tablets with morphine (9.1, 2.5 and 1.5% for lifetime, past-year and past-month, respectively), followed by cough syrup with codeine, Percocet, diphenoxylate and tramadol. After adjustment for potential confounders, the association between past-month NMPOU and poor sleep remained significant (AOR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.85). Programs aimed at decreasing NMPOU should also pay attention to sleep quality among adolescents.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
authors.forename: Daiting
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
authors.forename: Pengsheng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou, 510000, China.|Centre for ADR Monitoring of Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Centre for ADR Monitoring of Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Centre for ADR Monitoring of Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
authors.forename: Jianxiong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Centre for ADR Monitoring of Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
authors.forename: Jinghui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Centre for ADR Monitoring of Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
authors.forename: Guoliang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
authors.forename: Ciyong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D000076064:Drug Misuse / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D013334:Students; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid