title: A brief history and review of modern casting techniques in early onset scoliosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Body casts have a long history in the treatment of spinal deformity. Currently the use of body casts is limited to early onset scoliosis. Here, we aim to provide a brief narrative of the evolution of cast application for the management of spinal deformity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A history of cast application is provided with a brief review of the orthopedic literature. The current indications for cast application and the authors' preferred technique are described.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serial casting is an effective treatment method for early onset scoliosis. It may be definitive for most idiopathic curves or used to delay surgical intervention in more severe idiopathic, syndromic and even congenital curves.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgeons who treat children with early onset scoliosis should familiarize themselves with serial cast application techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 4401 Penn Avenue, Faculty Pavilion 4th Floor, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA. ozgur.dede@upmc.edu.
authors.forename: Ozgur
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5283-1645
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dede
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnett Avenue, MLC 2017, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Sturm
keywords: Body cast; Early onset scoliosis; Mehta cast; Risser cast