title: Importance of propionate for the repression of hepatic lipogenesis and improvement of insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet-induced obesity.
abstract: The SCFA acetate (Ac) and propionate (Pr) are major fermentation products of dietary fibers and provide additional energy to the host. We investigated short- and long-term effects of dietary Ac and Pr supplementation on diet-induced obesity and hepatic lipid metabolism.
  
  
  
  C3H/HeOuJ mice received high-fat (HF) diets supplemented with 5% SCFA in different Ac:Pr ratios, a high acetate (HF-HAc; 2.5:1 Ac:Pr) or high Pr ratio (HF-HPr; 1:2.5 Ac:Pr) for 6 or 22 weeks. Control diets (low-fat (LF), HF) contained no SCFA. SCFA did not affect body composition but reduced hepatic gene and protein expression of lipogenic enzymes leading to a reduced hepatic triglyceride concentration after 22 weeks in HF-HPr mice. Analysis of long-chain fatty acid composition (liver and plasma phospholipids) showed that supplementation of both ratios led to a lower ω6:ω3 ratio. Pr directly led to increased odd-chain fatty acid (C15:0, C17:0) formation as confirmed in vitro using HepG2 cells. Remarkably, plasma C15:0 was correlated with the attenuation of HF diet-induced insulin resistance.
  
  
  
  Dependent on the Ac:Pr ratio, especially odd-chain fatty acid formation and insulin sensitivity are differentially affected, indicating the importance of Pr.
authors.affiliation: Research Group Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
authors.forename: Karolin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weitkunat
authors.affiliation: Research Group Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schumann
authors.affiliation: Research Group Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nickel
authors.affiliation: Research Group Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
authors.forename: Katharina Antonia
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kappo
authors.affiliation: Research Group Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
authors.forename: Klaus Jürgen
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Petzke
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
authors.forename: Anna Patricia
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kipp
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blaut
authors.affiliation: Research Group Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klaus
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000097:blood; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000097:blood; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011422:Propionates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D011422:Propionates; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Acetate; Energy metabolism; High-fat diet; Obesity; Propionate; SCFA