title: Novel Combination of Prebiotics Galacto-Oligosaccharides and Inulin-Inhibited Aberrant Crypt Foci Formation and Biomarkers of Colon Cancer in Wistar Rats.
abstract: The selectivity and beneficial effects of prebiotics are mainly dependent on composition and glycosidic linkage among monosaccharide units. This is the first study to use prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) that contains β-1,6 and β-1,3 glycosidic linkages and the novel combination of GOS and inulin in cancer prevention. The objective of the present study is to explore the role of novel GOS and inulin against various biomarkers of colorectal cancer (CRC) and the incidence of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in a 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH)-induced rodent model. Prebiotic treatments of combined GOS and inulin (57 mg each), as well as individual doses (GOS: 76-151 mg; inulin 114 mg), were given to DMH-treated animals for 16 weeks. Our data reveal the significant preventive effect of the GOS and inulin combination against the development of CRC. It was observed that inhibition of ACF formation (55.8%) was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher using the GOS and inulin combination than GOS (41.4%) and inulin (51.2%) treatments alone. This combination also rendered better results on short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and bacterial enzymatic activities. Dose-dependent effects of prebiotic treatments were also observed on cecum and fecal bacterial enzymes and on SCFA. Thus, this study demonstrated that novel combination of GOS and inulin exhibited stronger preventive activity than their individual treatments alone, and can be a promising strategy for CRC chemoprevention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan. tahirnutritionist@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tahir Rasool
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Qamar
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan. syed199146@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fatima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Syed
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan. nasir@uvas.edu.pk.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nasir
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan. habibrehman@uvas.edu.pk.
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rehman
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA. mnz9@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Muhammad Nauman
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Zahid
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA. rl23@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Rui Hai
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan. sanaullah.iqbal@uvas.edu.pk.
authors.forename: Sanaullah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iqbal
mesh_terms: D019813:1,2-Dimethylhydrazine; D058739:Aberrant Crypt Foci / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002432:Cecum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D007444:Inulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D056692:Prebiotics; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D014312:Trisaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D056692:Prebiotics; D014312:Trisaccharides; C072242:4'-galactooligosaccharide; D000641:Ammonia; D007444:Inulin; D019813:1,2-Dimethylhydrazine
keywords: biomarkers; colon cancer; galacto-oligosaccharides; inulin; prebiotics