title: Near-Infrared Intraoperative Chemiluminescence Imaging.
abstract: Intraoperative imaging technologies recently entered the operating room, and their implementation is revolutionizing how physicians plan, monitor, and perform surgical interventions. In this work, we present a novel surgical imaging reporter system: intraoperative chemiluminescence imaging (ICI). To this end, we have leveraged the ability of a chemiluminescent metal complex to generate near-infrared light upon exposure to an aqueous solution of Ce(4+) in the presence of reducing tissue or blood components. An optical camera spatially resolves the resulting photon flux. We describe the construction and application of a prototype imaging setup, which achieves a detection limit as low as 6.9 pmol cm(-2) of the transition-metal-based ICI agent. As a proof of concept, we use ICI for the in vivo detection of our transition metal tracer following both systemic and subdermal injections. The very high signal-to-noise ratios make ICI an interesting candidate for the development of new intraoperative imaging technologies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.|King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUSTCatalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Gabriel E
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5055-7099
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Büchel
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.|Department of Chemistry, Hunter College and PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10018, USA.
authors.forename: Brandon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Carney
authors.affiliation: Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.|Department of Chemistry, Hunter College and PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10018, USA.
authors.forename: Travis M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Shaffer
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Manish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.|Department of Chemistry, Hunter College and PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10018, USA.
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Zeglis
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.|Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.|Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.|Program of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.affiliation: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUSTCatalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia. jorg.eppinger@kaust.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eppinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA. reinert@mskcc.org.|Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA. reinert@mskcc.org.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7819-5480
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reiner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D007259:Infrared Rays; D049449:Luminescence; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D009942:Organometallic Compounds
keywords: chemiluminescence; intraoperative imaging; lymph node imaging; near infrared; ruthenium