title: High-performance glucose biosensor based on chitosan-glucose oxidase immobilized polypyrrole/Nafion/functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes bio-nanohybrid film.
abstract: A highly electroactive bio-nanohybrid film of polypyrrole (PPy)-Nafion (Nf)-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (fMWCNTs) nanocomposite was prepared on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by a facile one-step electrochemical polymerization technique followed by chitosan-glucose oxidase (CH-GOx) immobilization on its surface to achieve a high-performance glucose biosensor. The as-fabricated nanohybrid composite provides high surface area for GOx immobilization and thus enhances the enzyme-loading efficiency. The structural characterization revealed that the PPy-Nf-fMWCNTs nanocomposite films were uniformly formed on GCE and after GOx immobilization, the surface porosities of the film were decreased due to enzyme encapsulation inside the bio-nanohybrid composite materials. The electrochemical behavior of the fabricated biosensor was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and amperometry measurements. The results indicated an excellent catalytic property of bio-nanohybrid film for glucose detection with improved sensitivity of 2860.3μAmM(-1)cm(-2), the linear range up to 4.7mM (R(2)=0.9992), and a low detection limit of 5μM under a signal/noise (S/N) ratio of 3. Furthermore, the resulting biosensor presented reliable selectivity, better long-term stability, good repeatability, reproducibility, and acceptable measurement of glucose concentration in real serum samples. Thus, this fabricated biosensor provides an efficient and highly sensitive platform for glucose sensing and can open up new avenues for clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea; Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bishnu Kumar
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Shrestha
authors.affiliation: School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Nanomaterials Processing Research, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Rafiq
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Engineering Materials and Mechanical Design, Faculty of Engineering, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hamouda M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Mousa
authors.affiliation: Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: In-Gi
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong In
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Madhav Prasad
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Neupane
authors.affiliation: Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea; Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: biochan@jbnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Chan Hee
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea; Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: chskim@jbnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Cheol Sang
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D055162:Biocatalysis; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry; D005465:Fluorocarbon Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D005465:Fluorocarbon Polymers; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D011108:Polymers; D011758:Pyrroles; C067635:polypyrrole; C040402:perfluorosulfonic acid; D048271:Chitosan; D005949:Glucose Oxidase
keywords: Bio-nanohybrid; Electrochemical polymerization; Glucose biosensor; Multi-walled carbon nanotubes; Polypyrrole