title: Exposure to the BPA-Substitute Bisphenol S Causes Unique Alterations of Germline Function.
abstract: Concerns about the safety of Bisphenol A, a chemical found in plastics, receipts, food packaging and more, have led to its replacement with substitutes now found in a multitude of consumer products. However, several popular BPA-free alternatives, such as Bisphenol S, share a high degree of structural similarity with BPA, suggesting that these substitutes may disrupt similar developmental and reproductive pathways. We compared the effects of BPA and BPS on germline and reproductive functions using the genetic model system Caenorhabditis elegans. We found that, similarly to BPA, BPS caused severe reproductive defects including germline apoptosis and embryonic lethality. However, meiotic recombination, targeted gene expression, whole transcriptome and ontology analyses as well as ToxCast data mining all indicate that these effects are partly achieved via mechanisms distinct from BPAs. These findings therefore raise new concerns about the safety of BPA alternatives and the risk associated with human exposure to mixtures.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Toxicology Inter-departmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Yichang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Le
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5428-1969
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Zhiqun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Dong Yeon
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sara J
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7631-2153
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Settle
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Shane
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6885-879X
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Que Hee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Donatello
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Telesca
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Molecular Toxicology Inter-departmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.|Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.|Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Allard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000235:genetics; D018857:Food Packaging; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D013450:Sulfones / Q000633:toxicity*; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000187:drug effects; D000098831:Bisphenol S Compounds; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; D013450:Sulfones; C543008:bisphenol S; D000098831:Bisphenol S Compounds; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds