title: Curcumin alleviates ischemia reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury through NMDA receptor antagonism in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study investigated the role of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in curcumin-mediated renoprotection against ischemia reperfusion (I/R)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were subjected to bilateral renal I/R (40 min I, 24 hours R) to induce AKI. Kidney injury was assessed by measuring creatinine clearance, blood urea nitrogen, plasma uric acid, potassium level, fractional excretion of sodium, and macroproteinuria. Oxidative stress in renal tissues was assessed by measuring myeloperoxidase activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, superoxide anion generation, and reduced glutathione content. Hematoxylin & eosin staining was done to assess histological changes in renal tissues. Curcumin (30 and 60 mg/kg) was administered one hour before subjecting rats to AKI. In separate groups, NMDA receptor agonists, glutamic acid (200 mg/kg), and spermidine (20 mg/kg) were administered prior to curcumin treatment in rats followed by AKI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  I/R-induced AKI was demonstrated by significant change in plasma and urine parameters along with marked increase in oxidative stress and histological changes in renal tissues that were aggravated with pretreatment of glutamic acid and spermidine in rats. Administration of curcumin resulted in significant protection against AKI. However, glutamic acid and spermidine pretreatments prevented curcumin-mediated renoprotection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that NMDA receptor antagonism significantly contributes towards curcumin-mediated protection against I/R-induced AKI.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar , Punjab , India.
authors.forename: Anudeep
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar , Punjab , India.|b Department of Pharmacology, Khalsa College of Pharmacy , Amritsar , Punjab , India.
authors.forename: Tajpreet
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar , Punjab , India.
authors.forename: Balbir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: c Department of Veterinary Anatomy , Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University , Ludhiana , Punjab , India.
authors.forename: Devendra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pathak
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar , Punjab , India.|d Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada.
authors.forename: Harpal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Singh Buttar
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar , Punjab , India.
authors.forename: Amrit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pal Singh
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications*; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D014527:Uric Acid; D003404:Creatinine; D003474:Curcumin
keywords: Curcumin; NMDA; acute kidney injury; ischemia reperfusion; oxidative stress