title: Interactions and accumulation differences of metal(loid)s in three sea cucumber species collected from the Northern Mediterranean Sea.
abstract: This study was conducted on Holothuria polii, Holothuria tubulosa, and Holothuria mammata collected from five stations with different depths in the Northern Mediterranean Sea. The body walls and guts of these holothurians were examined in terms of interactions of 10 metals (iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), vanadium (V), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb)) and one metalloid (arsenic (As)) using a multivariate analysis, and interspecies differences were determined. The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed significant differences between the species in terms of metal(loid) accumulations. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed a more association between H. tubulosa and H. polii with regard to the accumulation. The cluster analysis (CA) located Pb concentrations of the guts to the farthest place from all elements regardless of the species. A correlation analysis displayed that the element concentrations of the guts were more closely related to each other compared with those of the walls. The most inconsistent element in terms of correlations was the gut Fe contents. Accordingly, while Fe concentrations of H. mammata and H. tubulosa were correlated with all elements (except Pb) in divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) (divalent cation transporter 1 (DCT1) or natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 (NRAMP2)) belonging to the NRAM protein family, this was not the case in H. polii. Consequently, significant relationships between accumulated metal(loid)s that changed by tissues and sea cucumber species were observed.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Marine Sciences, Ordu University, 52400, Fatsa, Ordu, Turkey. evren_tunca@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Evren
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tunca
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Marine Sciences, Ordu University, 52400, Fatsa, Ordu, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aydın
authors.affiliation: Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul University, 34320 Avcılar, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: ÜlküAlver
authors.initials: Ü
authors.lastname: Şahin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis*; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000737:chemistry; D008522:Mediterranean Sea; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D012616:Sea Cucumbers; D013045:Species Specificity; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D000099173:Natural Resistance-associated Macrophage Protein 1; D000099236:Solute Carrier Family 11, Member 2
chemical_list: D001151:Arsenic; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000099173:Natural Resistance-associated Macrophage Protein 1; D000099236:Solute Carrier Family 11, Member 2
keywords: H. mammata; H. polii; H. tubulosa; Ionic mimicry; Metabolic transport; Molecular mimicry; Transferrin; Vanadium