title: New detection method in experimental mice for schistosomiasis: ClinProTool and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
abstract: Oncomelania hupensis snails along the Yangtze River and the low positive rate and infectiosity of human and livestock schistosomiasis still pose a threat to public health in China. Adult blood flukes were recognized as Schistosoma japonicum, which are found in the portal system of the sentinel mice bred in the laboratory for 35 days after contact with the water. However, 35 days was too long from the field test to dissection, and the dissection in the laboratory was also time-consuming and labor-intensive. Serum peptides in mice at different times after infection were measured by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. ClinProTool was used to establish the proteomic detection pattern (PDP), based on the differentially expressed peptide between the infection and healthy control groups. Under experimental conditions, characteristic PDP were detected in 5 % (3/60), 35 % (21/60), 75 % (45/60), 87.93 % (51/58), and 98.15 % (53/54) of infected mice from weeks 1 to 5 post-infection, whereas ELISA and dissection examination for adult blood flukes missed the first 2 weeks. At 35 days post-infection, the infectiosity assay showed 40 % (4/10), 50 % (5/10), and 80 % (8/10) positivity with the PDP test in mice infected with 4, 6, and 10 cercariae, respectively, as well as 100 % (10/10) positivity in mice infected with 14, 18, and 22 cercariae. Five stored sera of positive sentinel mice with parasite detection were verified correctly in the PDP test. The results confirm that PDP can be used as a rapid and early detection method for S. japonicum infection in experimental mice, which are expected to apply in early surveillance for schistosomiasis.
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, China.|Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100 Hongshan road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, China.
authors.forename: Yuzheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214064, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Department Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.|Present affiliation: US Food and Drug Administration, Pacific Regional Laboratory Northwest, 22201 23rd DR SE, Bothell, WA, 98021, USA.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214064, China.
authors.forename: Chunrong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, China. njpcao@126.com.|Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100 Hongshan road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, China. njpcao@126.com.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine/Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Major Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, 12 Wenhui road, Yangzhou, 225009, China. yzjptao@126.com.
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D058487:Cercaria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D040901:Proteomics; D045483:Rivers / Q000469:parasitology; D012549:Schistosoma japonicum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012552:Schistosomiasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D012908:Snails / Q000469:parasitology; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods*
keywords: ClinProTool; Early surveillance; MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry; Schistosomiasis; Sentinel mice