title: Lipolysis and thermogenesis in adipose tissues as new potential mechanisms for metabolic benefits of dietary fiber.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dietary fiber consumption is associated with reduced risk for the development of noncommunicable diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cereal dietary fiber on the levels of proteins involved in lipolysis and thermogenesis in white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) of C57 BL/6 J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Male C57BL/6 J mice were fed normal chow diet (Chow), HFD, HFD plus oat fiber (H-oat), or HFD plus wheat bran fiber (H-wheat) for 24 wk. Body weight and food intake were recorded weekly. Serum adiponectin was assayed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Western blotting was used to assess the protein expressions of adipose triacylglycerol lipase (ATGL), cAMP protein kinase catalytic subunit (cAMP), protein kinase A (PKA), perilipin A, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), β3-adrenergic receptor (β3AR), and proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 α (PGC-1 α) in the WAT and BAT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the end of the feeding period, body and adipose tissues weight in both H-oat and H-wheat groups were lower than in the HFD group. Mice in the H-oat and H-wheat groups showed an increasing trend in serum adiponectin level. Compared with the HFD group, cereal dietary fiber increased protein expressions involved in the lipolysis and browning process. Compared with the H-wheat group, H-oat was more effective in protein expressions of PKA, PGC-1 α, and UCP1 of the WAT samples. Compared with the H-oat group, H-wheat was more effective in protein expressions of PKA, ATGL, UCP1, β3AR, and FGF-21 of the BAT samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, our results suggested that cereal dietary fiber enhanced adipocyte lipolysis by the cAMP-PKA-HSL pathway and promoted WAT browning by activation of UCP1, and consequently reduced visceral fat mass in response to HFD feeding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shu-Fen
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Ying
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: DSM Nutritional Products Human Nutrition and Health, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Weiguo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Chun-Ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. Electronic address: Qinliqiang@suda.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Li-Qiang
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Qin
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D052436:Adipose Tissue, White / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D018554:Avena; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry*; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008049:Lipase / Q000378:metabolism; D008066:Lipolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3; D002787:Sterol Esterase / Q000378:metabolism; D022722:Thermogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D014908:Triticum; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D000217:Acyltransferases
chemical_list: D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D008049:Lipase; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3; D002787:Sterol Esterase; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1; C485290:Ppargc1a protein, mouse; C000604372:Ucp1 protein, mouse; C414620:fibroblast growth factor 21; C494445:PNPLA2 protein, mouse; D000217:Acyltransferases
keywords: Dietary fiber; Lipolysis; Obesity; Thermogenesis