title: Cytocompatibility of calcium silicate-based sealers in a three-dimensional cell culture model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate cytotoxic effects and cytokine production of calcium silicate-based sealers (EndoSeal, EndoSequence BC Sealer, and MTA Fillapex) using an in vitro root canal filling model and three-dimensional (3D) cell culture. AH Plus as a reference was compared to contemporary calcium silicate cements regarding cell viability and cytokine production.
  
  
  METHODS
  Root canals of 30 human maxillary incisors were prepared using a single-file reciprocating technique. The samples were randomly distributed and canals filled with either AH Plus, EndoSeal, EndoSequence BC Sealer, and MTA Fillapex (n = 6). In the negative control group, the root canal remained unfilled. Sealers were placed into the canals along with a gutta-percha cone placed to working length. Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts, cultured in a type I collagen 3D scaffold, were exposed to filling material and the respective root apex for 24 h. Cytocompatibility of the materials was evaluated using the methyl-thiazoldiphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The production of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 was analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). One-way analysis of variance was performed, and when the F-ratios were significant, data were compared by Duncan's multiple-range test. The alpha-type error was set at 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EndoSeal, Endosequence BC Sealer and AH Plus showed cell viability that was similar to the negative control group (P > 0.05), while MTA Fillapex sealer was cytotoxic (P < 0.05). Varying production of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 was detected in all samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In an in vitro root canal filling model with 3D cell culture, AH Plus, EndoSeal, and EndoSequence BC Sealer were cytocompatible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results may suggest that AH Plus, EndoSeal and EndoSequence BC Sealer may achieve better biological response when compared to MTA Fillapex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. nogueiraemmanuel@hotmail.com.|Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. nogueiraemmanuel@hotmail.com.|Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rua Herotides de Oliveira, 61/902, Icaraí, Niterói, RJ, Brazil. nogueiraemmanuel@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal
authors.initials: EJNL
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Endontics, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Zaia
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Ove A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Peters
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007180:Incisor; D008422:Materials Testing; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D017640:Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D016207:Cytokines; D004338:Drug Combinations; C550603:EndoSequence root repair material; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C534916:epoxy resin-based root canal sealer; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D006171:Gutta-Percha; C031293:calcium silicate
keywords: Calcium silicate-based materials; Cytotoxicity; Root canal sealer