title: Delayed effects of chlorpyrifos across metamorphosis on dispersal-related traits in a poleward moving damselfly.
abstract: How exposure to contaminants may interfere with the widespread poleward range expansions under global warming is largely unknown. Pesticide exposure may negatively affect traits shaping the speed of range expansion, including traits related to population growth rate and dispersal-related traits. Moreover, rapid evolution of growth rates during poleward range expansions may come at a cost of a reduced investment in detoxification and repair thereby increasing the vulnerability to contaminants at expanding range fronts. We tested effects of a sublethal concentration of the widespread pesticide chlorpyrifos on traits related to range expansion in replicated edge and core populations of the poleward moving damselfly Coenagrion scitulum reared at low and high food levels in a common garden experiment. Food limitation in the larval stage had strong negative effects both in the larval stage and across metamorphosis in the adult stage. Exposure to chlorpyrifos during the larval stage did not affect larval traits but caused delayed effects across metamorphosis by increasing the incidence of wing malformations during metamorphosis and by reducing a key component of the adult immune response. There was some support for an evolutionary trade-off scenario as the faster growing edge larvae suffered a higher mortality during metamorphosis. Instead, there was no clear support for the faster growing edge larvae being more vulnerable to chlorpyrifos. Our data indicate that sublethal delayed effects of pesticide exposure, partly in association with the rapid evolution of faster growth rates, may slow down range expansions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: khuong.dinh@ntu.edu.vn.
authors.forename: Khuong Van
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Dinh
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: Lizanne.Janssens@bio.kuleuven.be.
authors.forename: Lizanne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Janssens
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis, USR 2936, F-09200, Moulis, France. Electronic address: Lieven.Therry@bio.kuleuven.be.
authors.forename: Lieven
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Therry
authors.affiliation: Systemic, Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium. Electronic address: Lieven.Bervoets@uantwerpen.be.
authors.forename: Lieven
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bervoets
authors.affiliation: Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: Dries.Bonte@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Dries
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bonte
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: Robby.Stoks@bio.kuleuven.be.
authors.forename: Robby
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stoks
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000633:toxicity*; D057232:Global Warming; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008675:Metamorphosis, Biological; D009038:Motion; D063191:Odonata / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004390:Chlorpyrifos
keywords: Carry-over effects; Evolutionary ecotoxicology; Immunosuppression; Organophosphates; Rapid evolution