title: Plastids and Carotenoid Accumulation.
abstract: Plastids are ubiquitously present in plants and are the organelles for carotenoid biosynthesis and storage. Based on their morphology and function, plastids are classified into various types, i.e. proplastids, etioplasts, chloroplasts, amyloplasts, and chromoplasts. All plastids, except proplastids, can synthesize carotenoids. However, plastid types have a profound effect on carotenoid accumulation and stability. In this chapter, we discuss carotenoid biosynthesis and regulation in various plastids with a focus on carotenoids in chromoplasts. Plastid transition related to carotenoid biosynthesis and the different capacity of various plastids to sequester carotenoids and the associated effect on carotenoid stability are described in light of carotenoid accumulation in plants.
authors.affiliation: Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA. ll37@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Yunliu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D002338:Carotenoids / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018087:Plastids / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002338:Carotenoids
keywords: Amyloplasts; Carotenoid stability; Chloroplasts; Chromoplasts; Etioplasts