title: Assessment of erythropoietin for treatment of anemia in chronic kidney failure- ESRD patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Currently there is an inadequate data regarding effective management of anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients who are on dialysis. In CKD patients' anemia mainly develops from decreased renal synthesis of erythropoietin (EPO) and iron deficiency. Our current study focused to effective management of anemia in CKD patients'.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational case series study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible patients were assigned to three study groups according to initial hemoglobin level i.e. Group I having Hb level below 11g/dL, Group II with Hb level of 11-13g/dL, and Group III with Hb level more than 13g/dL. Intravenous dosing of ESA's calculated according to the range of 150-300IU or equivalent microgram quantity per kilogram body weight was administered to patients in divided doses per week; alone or in combination with iron supplements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Study population (n=163; 100%), of which 124 subjects (76%) patients were treated with erythropoietin and iron supplements; rest of 39 (24%) patients were treated with only erythropoietin. The estimation of hemoglobin content revealed Group I (98 patients) Hb were increased significantly from 9.0±1.2g/dl at baseline to 10.9±1.7g/dl. No significant changes in Group II and Group III were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Study suggests use of erythropoietin along with iron for treatment of renal failure associated anemia is more beneficial for CKD patients having low Hb. Also study conclude the use of lower than normal dose (150-300IU) of ESA is appropriate when hemoglobin reaches 11g/dl in hemodialysis patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Raja Muthiah Medical College, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nager 608002, India; PES College of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hanumanth Nager, Bangalore 560050, India. Electronic address: cdmseena@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ranganathan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.affiliation: PES College of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hanumanth Nager, Bangalore 560050, India.
authors.forename: Ibel C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Fredy
authors.affiliation: PES College of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hanumanth Nager, Bangalore 560050, India.
authors.forename: Santosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chandrashekar
authors.affiliation: PES College of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hanumanth Nager, Bangalore 560050, India.
authors.forename: Janarthanan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saravanan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Raja Muthiah Medical College, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nager 608002, India.
authors.forename: Guru Prasad
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Mohanta
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Raja Muthiah Medical College, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nager 608002, India.
authors.forename: Prabal K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Manna
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000740:Anemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015897:Comorbidity; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D004921:Erythropoietin
keywords: Anemia; Dialysis; ESRD; Erythropoietin; Ferritin; Iron