title: Circulating Organ-Specific MicroRNAs Serve as Biomarkers in Organ-Specific Diseases: Implications for Organ Allo- and Xeno-Transplantation.
abstract: Different cell types possess different miRNA expression profiles, and cell/tissue/organ-specific miRNAs (or profiles) indicate different diseases. Circulating miRNA is either actively secreted by living cells or passively released during cell death. Circulating cell/tissue/organ-specific miRNA may serve as a non-invasive biomarker for allo- or xeno-transplantation to monitor organ survival and immune rejection. In this review, we summarize the proof of concept that circulating organ-specific miRNAs serve as non-invasive biomarkers for a wide spectrum of clinical organ-specific manifestations such as liver-related disease, heart-related disease, kidney-related disease, and lung-related disease. Furthermore, we summarize how circulating organ-specific miRNAs may have advantages over conventional methods for monitoring immune rejection in organ transplantation. Finally, we discuss the implications and challenges of applying miRNA to monitor organ survival and immune rejection in allo- or xeno-transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518039, China. zhouming2004@126.com.|Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China. zhouming2004@126.com.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. harah@upmc.edu.
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China. daiyifan@njmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yifan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518039, China. lishamou@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lisha
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mou
authors.affiliation: Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. coopdk@upmc.edu.
authors.forename: David K C
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China. changyou_wu@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Changyou
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518039, China. caizhiming2000@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhiming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: allotransplantation; biomarker; circulating; immune rejection; miRNA; xenotransplantation