title: The Glycolytic Enzyme Triosephosphate Isomerase of Trichomonas vaginalis Is a Surface-Associated Protein Induced by Glucose That Functions as a Laminin- and Fibronectin-Binding Protein.
abstract: Triosephosphate isomerase of Trichomonas vaginalis (TvTIM) is a 27-kDa cytoplasmic protein encoded by two genes, tvtim1 and tvtim2, that participates in glucose metabolism. TvTIM is also localized to the parasite surface. Thus, the goal of this study was to identify the novel functions of the surface-associated TvTIM in T. vaginalis and to assess the effect of glucose as an environmental factor that regulates its expression and localization. Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) showed that the tvtim genes were differentially expressed in response to glucose concentration. tvtim1 was overexpressed under glucose-restricted (GR) conditions, whereas tvtim2 was overexpressed under glucose-rich, or high-glucose (HG), conditions. Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assays also showed that glucose positively affected the amount and surface localization of TvTIM in T. vaginalis Affinity ligand assays demonstrated that the recombinant TvTIM1 and TvTIM2 proteins bound to laminin (Lm) and fibronectin (Fn) but not to plasminogen. Moreover, higher levels of adherence to Lm and Fn were detected in parasites grown under HG conditions than in those grown under GR conditions. Furthermore, pretreatment of trichomonads with an anti-TvTIMr polyclonal antibody or pretreatment of Lm- or Fn-coated wells with both recombinant proteins (TvTIM1r and TvTIM2r) specifically reduced the binding of live parasites to Lm and Fn in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, T. vaginalis was exposed to different glucose concentrations during vaginal infection of women with trichomoniasis. Our data indicate that TvTIM is a surface-associated protein under HG conditions that mediates specific binding to Lm and Fn as a novel virulence factor of T. vaginalis.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jesús F T
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Miranda-Ozuna
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Mar S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hernández-García
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, CINVESTAV-IPN, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
authors.forename: Luis G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Brieba
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigación Bioquímica, Programa Institucional en Biomedicina Molecular, ENMyH-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Claudia G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Benítez-Cardoza
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ortega-López
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González-Robles
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico rarroyo@cinvestav.mx.
authors.forename: Rossana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arroyo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D005260:Female; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007797:Laminin / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000502:physiology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014247:Trichomonas Vaginitis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology*; D014246:Trichomonas vaginalis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D014305:Triose-Phosphate Isomerase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005353:Fibronectins; D007797:Laminin; D010958:Plasminogen; D014305:Triose-Phosphate Isomerase; D005947:Glucose