title: Transmission and fluorescence X-ray absorption spectroscopy cell/flow reactor for powder samples under vacuum or in reactive atmospheres.
abstract: X-ray absorption spectroscopy is an element-specific technique for probing the local atomic-scale environment around an absorber atom. It is widely used to investigate the structures of liquids and solids, being especially valuable for characterization of solid-supported catalysts. Reported cell designs are limited in capabilities-to fluorescence or transmission and to static or flowing atmospheres, or to vacuum. Our goal was to design a robust and widely applicable cell for catalyst characterizations under all these conditions-to allow tracking of changes during genesis and during operation, both under vacuum and in reactive atmospheres. Herein, we report the design of such a cell and a demonstration of its operation both with a sample under dynamic vacuum and in the presence of gases flowing at temperatures up to 300 °C, showing data obtained with both fluorescence and transmission detection. The cell allows more flexibility in catalyst characterization than any reported.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Debefve
authors.affiliation: KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bendjeriou-Sedjerari
authors.affiliation: KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ould-Chikh
authors.affiliation: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, SSRL, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors.forename: Simon R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Bare
authors.affiliation: KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Basset
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA.
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Gates