title: Synthesis, characterization, and efficacy of antituberculosis isoniazid zinc aluminum-layered double hydroxide based nanocomposites.
abstract: The chemotherapy for tuberculosis (TB) is complicated by its long-term treatment, its frequent drug dosing, and the adverse effects of anti-TB drugs. In this study, we have developed two nanocomposites (A and B) by intercalating the anti-TB drug isoniazid (INH) into Zn/Al-layered double hydroxides. The average size of the nanocomposites was found to bê164 nm. The efficacy of the Zn/Al-layered double hydroxides intercalated INH against Mycobacterium tuberculosis was increased by approximately three times more than free INH. The nanocomposites were also found to be active against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Compared to the free INH, the nanodelivery formulation was determined to be three times more biocompatible with human normal lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells and 3T3 fibroblast cells at a very high concentration of 50 µg/mL for up to 72 hours. The in vitro release of INH from the Zn/Al-layered double hydroxides was found to be sustained in human body-simulated buffer solutions of pH 4.8 and 7.4. This research is a step forward in making the TB chemotherapy patient friendly.
authors.affiliation: Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Bullo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Saifullah
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience.
authors.forename: Mohamed Ezzat
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: El Zowalaty
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience.
authors.forename: Palanisamy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arulselvan
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience; Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sharida
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fakurazi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering; Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering; Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin Mahler
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Geilich
authors.affiliation: Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd Zobir
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Hussein
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000535:Aluminum / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D065546:Drug Liberation; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D006878:Hydroxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D050997:Nanomedicine; D010316:Particle Size; D011208:Powders; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D006878:Hydroxides; D011208:Powders; D000535:Aluminum; D015032:Zinc; D007538:Isoniazid
keywords: Zn/Al-LDHs; activity; antimicrobial; biomaterial; drug delivery; nanomedicine; sustained release formulation; tuberculosis