title: Positive Affect Is Inversely Associated with Mortality in Individuals without Depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some studies have analyzed the relation between well-being and mortality but none of them have attempted to disentangle the differential influence that positive affect, negative affect, and evaluative well-being might have on mortality using a longitudinal design in the general population and measuring independently and accurately each component of well-being. The aim of the present study is to assess the association of these well-being components with mortality after adjusting for health and other lifestyle factors and to analyze whether this association is different in people with and without depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nationally representative sample of 4753 people from Spain was followed up after 3 years. Analyses were performed with Cox regression models among the total sample and separately in people with and without depression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the analyses adjusted for age, sex, and years of education, all three well-being variables showed separately a statistically significant association with mortality. However, after adjustment for health status and other confounders including the other well-being components, only positive affect remained as marginally associated with a decreased risk of mortality in the overall sample [HR = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.73-1.03], in particular among individuals without depression [HR = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.68-0.99].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Positive affect is inversely associated with mortality in individuals without depression. Future research should focus on assessing interventions associated with a higher level of positive affect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La PrincesaMadrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Martín-María
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La PrincesaMadrid, Spain; CIBER of Mental HealthMadrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco Félix
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Caballero
authors.affiliation: CIBER of Mental HealthMadrid, Spain; Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de DéuBarcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Olaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPAZMadrid, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public HealthMadrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Artalejo
authors.affiliation: CIBER of Mental HealthMadrid, Spain; Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de DéuBarcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Haro
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La PrincesaMadrid, Spain; CIBER of Mental HealthMadrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miret
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La PrincesaMadrid, Spain; CIBER of Mental HealthMadrid, Spain.
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ayuso-Mateos
keywords: depression; evaluative well-being; experienced well-being; longitudinal study; mortality