title: Improvising a Posterior Nasal Pack with Equipment in a Basic First Aid Kit.
abstract: Posterior epistaxis is a serious condition that can be difficult to treat in a wilderness setting. The initial standard of care involves packing the affected nostril with a 7 to 9 cm nasal pack to tamponade the bleed. These packs are often unavailable outside of the emergency or operating room. This study set out to determine whether a posterior nasal pack could be constructed from the supplies present in a basic first aid kit in order to control massive nasal hemorrhage in a wilderness setting. A basic first aid kit was utilized to construct a posterior nasal pack that was inserted into an anatomical model and visibly compared with the Rapid Rhino (Posterior, 7.5 cm; Smith & Nephew, Austin, TX) nasal packing. The shape, size, and anatomical areas of compression (ie, into nasopharynx and posterior aspect of inferior turbinate) of this pack was similar to the commercially available posterior nasal pack. Placement in an anatomical model appears to provide similar compression as the commercially available posterior pack. This technique may provide short-term hemorrhage control in cases of serious posterior nasal hemorrhage where standard treatment options are not available.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Columbus Regional Health, Columbus, IN. Electronic address: Allison.k.royer@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Allison K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Royer
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Columbus Regional Health, Columbus, IN.
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Royer
mesh_terms: D004844:Epistaxis / Q000628:therapy*; D005392:First Aid / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D055813:Wilderness Medicine / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods
keywords: epistaxis; first aid; posterior epistaxis; sphenopalatine artery