title: Association Between Parenting Style and Socio-Emotional and Academic Functioning in Children With and Without ADHD: A Community-Based Study.
abstract: In a community-based study, we examined parenting style and its relationship to functioning in 6- to 8-year-old children ( n = 391; 66.2% male) with ADHD ( n = 179), compared with non-ADHD controls ( n = 212).
  
  
  
  Parenting style was assessed using parent-reported (93.5% female) measures of warmth, consistency, and anger. Child socio-emotional and academic functioning was measured via parent- and teacher-reported scales, and direct academic assessment.
  
  
  
  Parents reported less consistency and more anger in the ADHD group compared with non-ADHD controls, with no differences in warmth. Parenting warmth, consistency, and anger were associated with parent-reported aspects of socio-emotional functioning for children with ADHD and non-ADHD controls, after adjusting for socio-demographic variables, externalizing comorbidities, and ADHD symptom severity. Parenting style was no longer related to academic functioning and most teacher-reported outcomes after adjustment.
  
  
  
  Generic parenting interventions that promote warm, consistent, and calm parenting may help alleviate socio-emotional impairments in children with ADHD.
authors.affiliation: 1 Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.|2 University of Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Sampada
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhide
authors.affiliation: 1 Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.|2 University of Melbourne, Australia.|3 The Royal Childrens Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.|4 Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sciberras
authors.affiliation: 1 Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.|2 University of Melbourne, Australia.|3 The Royal Childrens Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Vicki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: 5 University of Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hazell
authors.affiliation: 1 Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.|6 La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Jan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Nicholson
mesh_terms: D000076363:Academic Success; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: ADHD; community sample; functional impairment; parenting; school-age children