title: Phylogenetic and Structural Analysis of the Pluripotency Factor Sex-Determining Region Y box2 Gene of Camelus dromedarius (cSox2).
abstract: Although the sequencing information of Sox2 cDNA for many mammalian is available, the Sox2 cDNA of Camelus dromedaries has not yet been characterized. The objective of this study was to sequence and characterize Sox2 cDNA from the brain of C. dromedarius (also known as Arabian camel). A full coding sequence of the Sox2 gene from the brain of C. dromedarius was amplified by reverse transcription PCRjmc and then sequenced using the 3730XL series platform Sequencer (Applied Biosystem) for the first time. The cDNA sequence displayed an open reading frame of 822 nucleotides, encoding a protein of 273 amino acids. The molecular weight and the isoelectric point of the translated protein were calculated as 29.825 kDa and 10.11, respectively, using bioinformatics analysis. The predicted cSox2 protein sequence exhibited high identity: 99% for Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Bos taurus, and Vicugna pacos; 98% for Sus scrofa and 93% for Camelus ferus. A 3D structure was built based on the available crystal structure of the HMG-box domain of human stem cell transcription factor Sox2 (PDB: 2 LE4) with 81 residues and predicting bioinformatics software for 273 amino acid residues. The comparison confirms the presence of the HMG-box domain in the cSox2 protein. The orthologous phylogenetic analysis showed that the Sox2 isoform from C. dromedarius was grouped with humans, alpacas, cattle, and pigs. We believe that this genetic and structural information will be a helpful source for the annotation. Furthermore, Sox2 is one of the transcription factors that contributes to the generation-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which in turn will probably help generate camel induced pluripotent stem cells (CiPSCs).
authors.affiliation: National Center for Stem Cell Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, KSA.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alawad
authors.affiliation: National Center for Stem Cell Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, KSA.
authors.forename: Sultan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alharbi
authors.affiliation: National Center for Stem Cell Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, KSA.
authors.forename: Othman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Alhazzaa
authors.affiliation: National Center for Stem Cell Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, KSA.
authors.forename: Faisal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alagrafi
authors.affiliation: National Center for Stem Cell Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, KSA.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alkhrayef
authors.affiliation: National Center for Stem Cell Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, KSA.
authors.forename: Ziyad
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Alhamdan
authors.affiliation: National Center for Stem Cell Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, KSA.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alenazi
authors.affiliation: National Center for Genomic Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, KSA.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Al-Johi
authors.affiliation: National Center for Genomic Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, KSA.
authors.forename: Ibrahim O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Alanazi
authors.affiliation: National Center for Stem Cell Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, KSA.; SAAD Research and Development Center, Clinical Research Laboratory and Radiation Oncology, SAAD Specialist Hospital, Al Khobar, KSA.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hammad
keywords: 3D model; Camelus dromedarius; Sox2; bioinformatics; camel-induced pluripotent stem cells (CiPSCs); sequence analysis