title: Accurate calibration of a molecular beam time-of-flight mass spectrometer for on-line analysis of high molecular weight species.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Time-of-Flight (TOF) Mass Spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique, provided that an accurate calibration by standard molecules in the same m/z range of the analytes is performed. Calibration in a very large m/z range is a difficult task, particularly in studies focusing on the detection of high molecular weight clusters of different molecules or high molecular weight species.
  
  
  METHODS
  External calibration is the most common procedure used for TOF mass spectrometric analysis in the gas phase and, generally, the only available standards are made up of mixtures of noble gases, covering a small mass range for calibration, up to m/z 136 (higher mass isotope of xenon). In this work, an accurate calibration of a Molecular Beam Time-of Flight Mass Spectrometer (MB-TOFMS) is presented, based on the use of water clusters up to m/z 3000.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The advantages of calibrating a MB-TOFMS with water clusters for the detection of analytes with masses above those of the traditional calibrants such as noble gases were quantitatively shown by statistical calculations. A comparison of the water cluster and noble gases calibration procedures in attributing the masses to a test mixture extending up to m/z 800 is also reported. In the case of the analysis of combustion products, another important feature of water cluster calibration was shown, that is the possibility of using them as "internal standard" directly formed from the combustion water, under suitable experimental conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The water clusters calibration of a MB-TOFMS gives rise to a ten-fold reduction in error compared to the traditional calibration with noble gases. The consequent improvement in mass accuracy in the calibration of a MB-TOFMS has important implications in various fields where detection of high molecular mass species is required. In combustion products analysis, it is also possible to obtain a new calibration spectrum before the acquisition of each spectrum, only modifying some operative conditions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Ricerche sulla Combustione, IRC-C.N.R., P.le Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy. apicella@irc.cnr.it.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Apicella
authors.affiliation: SPIN-C.N.R., Via Cintia, 80124, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Ricerche sulla Combustione, IRC-C.N.R., P.le Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Passaro
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Ricerche sulla Combustione, IRC-C.N.R., P.le Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciajolo
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Ricerche sulla Combustione, IRC-C.N.R., P.le Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Russo