title: The association between indicators of health and housing in people with Parkinson's disease.
abstract: There are knowledge gaps about the life situation for people ageing with Parkinson's disease (PD), with virtually no understanding of home and health dynamics. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the association between aspects of health and objective as well as perceived housing in people with PD.
  
  
  
  Participants were recruited from three hospitals in the region of Skåne in southern Sweden. The sample for the present study included 231 (62 % men) participants with PD, with a mean age of 75 (min-max, 45-93) years. The data collection procedure included a self-administered postal survey and a subsequent home visit where structured interviews, observations and clinical assessments were administered. To study the association between aspects of health and housing canonical correlation was applied. Twelve variables (6 in the health and 6 in the housing set) were included. This corresponds to about 20 individuals per variable and is considered sufficient to accurately interpret the largest (i.e., first) canonical correlation.
  
  
  
  The analysis between the health variables and housing variables set yielded two significant pairs of variates with the canonical correlations 0.68 (p < 0.0001) and 0.33 (p = 0.0112), respectively. For the first pair of variates the canonical R(2) was 0.46. The results showed that external control beliefs and behavioral aspects of meaning of home contributed the most to the housing variate, whereas difficulties/dependence in activities of daily living (ADL) and functional limitations contributed the most to the health variate. Although a significant relationship was found for the second canonical correlation, the shared variance between the two variates was considerably lower; R(2) = 0.11.
  
  
  
  This study suggests that people with PD who have more functional limitations, difficulties in ADL and are more dependent perceive their homes as less meaningful from a behavioral perspective. Moreover, they tend to rely on external influences managing their housing situation. With this kind of knowledge at hand, health care and social services professionals are in a better position to observe and efficiently address problems related to health and housing among people with PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. Maria_H.Nilsson@med.lu.se.|Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden. Maria_H.Nilsson@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Maria H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.affiliation: R & D Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Susann
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ullén
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ekström
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwarsson
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006792:House Calls; D006798:Housing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D011788:Quality of Life; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Activities of daily living; Canonical correlations; External control; Health; Housing; Parkinson’s disease