title: Quantification of 10 elements in human cerebrospinal fluid from chronic pain patients with and without spinal cord stimulation.
abstract: Neuropathic pain affects 1-10% of the general population and is caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS), a method where implanted electrodes stimulate the spinal cord, has been successfully used to treat drug-resistant neuropathic pain, but the mechanism of action is largely unknown. Studies show that SCS changes the protein levels in CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) of pain patients. Several neurological conditions have been shown to alter the elemental composition of CSF. Therefore changes in the levels of ions and trace elements in the CSF may correspond to SCS use. This study used ICP-MS (Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) and ICP-AES (Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy) to quantify 10 elements in CSF from chronic neuropathic pain patients using SCS. The element concentrations in CSF from patients with SCS treatment on/off, were measured. No effect on the element concentrations in CSF from treatment with SCS could be detected. Also, the elemental concentrations in pooled CSF from patients without chronic neuropathic pain was determined and compared to the patients using SCS. The concentration of the elements Ca, Sr, Na, K, P, Mg and Ti were, significantly higher in patients compared to the CSF-control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box 599, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Korvela
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box 599, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anne-Li
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Lind
authors.affiliation: GE Healthcare Biosciences, 751 48 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wetterhall
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gordh
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box 599, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Marit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box 599, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: jean.pettersson@kemi.uu.se.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pettersson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D062187:Spinal Cord Stimulation; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014131:Trace Elements
keywords: CSF; Chronic pain; ICP-AES; ICP-MS; Spinal cord stimulation; Trace elements