title: DNA fingerprinting and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of clinical and environmental Acinetobacter baumannii isolates: a multicentre study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to establish antibiotic profile and the molecular epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, with considering the effectiveness of control infection measures across three hospitals in the Kurdistan, west part of Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four A. baumannii isolates were collected from patients and environmental specimens. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns (Antibio-type) were evaluated for 17 different antibiotics and MIC for imipenem was done. Isolates were assessed for the presence of metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs), class 1 and 2 integrons, and integrated gene cassettes and blaOXA-likefamilies genes. Repetitive-sequence-based PCR (REP-PCR) was done for analysing clonality and relativeness of isolates (REP-type).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antibiotic susceptibility patterns distinguished 11 distinct Antibio-types and REP-PCR showed three clusters with 20 subclusters, mostly belonged to two clonal subgroups, A1 and B1. blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 were detected in 100% (54/54) and 52% (28/54), respectively, while blaOXA-24-like and blaOXA-58 were not present in isolates. MBLs were not detected, but, however, high rate of imipenem resistance was observed (52%). MIC90 of imipenem was 16 mg/ml. Class 1 integrons were detected in 11% (6/54) of isolates followed by 24% (13/54) of class 2. Both classes of integron genes were detected in 15% (8/54) of isolates. Integrated gene cassettes were in low level (11% of class 1 harboring isolates). Two arrays of gene cassettes were revealed, dfrA5-like and dfrA17-aadA5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infection control surveillance should be considered as a serious manner, even the superficial eradication of hospital acquired pathogens. MBL genes were not induced carbapenem resistance in studied hospital settings, but blaOXA-51 & 23 contributed in imipenem resistant. Integrons had a little share in resistance of A. baumannii isolates.
authors.affiliation: a Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences , Sanandaj , Iran.
authors.forename: Himen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Salimizand
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pathology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Para Medicine , Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences , Sanandaj , Iran.
authors.forename: Shaho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Menbari
authors.affiliation: c Cellular & Molecular Research Center and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences , Sanandaj , Iran.
authors.forename: Rashid
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramazanzadeh
authors.affiliation: a Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences , Sanandaj , Iran.
authors.forename: Masomeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khonsha
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pathology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Para Medicine , Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences , Sanandaj , Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saleh Vahedi
mesh_terms: D000151:Acinetobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D040981:Acinetobacter baumannii / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000517:prevention & control; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control; D032023:Integrons; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001618:beta-Lactamases
keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii; Antimicrobial; Carbapenemase; Integron; Molecular epidemiology; REP-PCR