title: Combination of biochar amendment and phytoremediation for hydrocarbon removal in petroleum-contaminated soil.
abstract: Remediation of soils contaminated with petroleum is a challenging task. Four different bioremediation strategies, including natural attenuation, biochar amendment, phytoremediation with ryegrass, and a combination of biochar and ryegrass, were investigated with greenhouse pot experiments over a 90-day period. The results showed that planting ryegrass in soil can significantly improve the removal rate of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and the number of microorganisms. Within TPHs, the removal rate of total n-alkanes (45.83 %) was higher than that of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (30.34 %). The amendment of biochar did not result in significant improvement of TPH removal. In contrast, it showed a clear negative impact on the growth of ryegrass and the removal of TPHs by ryegrass. The removal rate of TPHs was significantly lower after the amendment of biochar. The results indicated that planting ryegrass is an effective remediation strategy, while the amendment of biochar may not be suitable for the phytoremediation of soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
authors.forename: Zhipeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bartlam
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China. wangyy@nankai.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002606:Charcoal / Q000378:metabolism*; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D010578:Petroleum / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D006838:Hydrocarbons; D010578:Petroleum; D012987:Soil; C540010:biochar; D002606:Charcoal
keywords: Biochar; Petroleum hydrocarbons; Phytoremediation; Ryegrass