title: Atypical ubiquitin ligase RNF31: the nuclear factor modulator in breast cancer progression.
abstract: Breast cancer causes the No.1 women cancer prevalence and the No.2 women cancer mortality worldwide. Nuclear receptor/transcriptional factor signaling is aberrant and plays important roles in breast cancer pathogenesis and evolution, such as estrogen receptor α (ERα/ESR1), tumor protein p53 (p53/TP53) and Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). About 60-70 % of breast tumors are ERα positive, while approximate 70 % of breast tumors are P53 wild type. Recent studies indicate that nuclear receptors/transcriptional factors could be tightly controlled through protein post-translational modification.The nuclear receptors/transcriptional factors could endure several types of modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation and ubiquitination. Compared with the other two types of modifications, ubiquitination was mostly linked to protein degradation process, while few researches focused on the functional changes of the target proteins. Until recent years, ubiquitination process is no longer regarded as merely a protein degradation process, but aslo treated as one kind of modification signal.As an atypical E3 ubiquitin ligase, RNF31 was previously found to facilitate NFκB signaling transduction through linear ubiquitination on IKKγ(IκB kinase γ). Our previous studies showed important regulatory functions of RNF31 in controlling important oncogenic pathways in breast cancer, such as ERα and p53. This review highlights recent discoveries on RNF31 functions in nuclear factor modifications, breast cancer progression and possible therapeutic inhibitors targeting RNF31.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China. zhujian1204@yahoo.com.|Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA. zhujian1204@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3596-4339
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huijie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huandi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China. wanghui@xxmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D054875:Ubiquitination
chemical_list: C506487:ESR1 protein, human; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C558338:RNF31 protein, human; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
keywords: Breast cancer; Estrogen; RNF31; Ubiquitin ligase