title: In Vivo Release Kinetics and Antibacterial Activity of Novel Polyphenols-Enriched Chewing Gums.
abstract: Chewing gums may be particularly effective means for delivering and maintaining bioactive molecules, included in the gum formulation, able to have an anti-cariogenic effect. The purposes of this study were: to develop novel chewing gums containing quercetin (Qt); to evaluate their release using in vivo trial; finally, to test their in vivo antibacterial effect against oral Streptococcus mutans strains. A preliminary study was performed to produce new gums, enriched with the polyphenol quercetin. Then, a first in vivo experimental study was assessed to test the percentages of Qt released in the saliva of young volunteers. Moreover, a second clinical trial was performed to analyze the antibacterial capability of these enriched chewing gums against S. mutans strains after 14 days of daily consumption. The release analysis showed that a more effective release of Qt occurs in the first minutes of chewing, and it does not change saliva pH values. Moreover, Qt included in gums demonstrates an effective antibacterial activity, showing a reduction of the concentration of S. mutans strains in saliva samples, especially after 7 days. Qt included in experimental chewing gums could be efficiently released into the oral cavity and could promote an effective anti-caries concentration in volunteer's saliva, without changing salivary pH values.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Oral Sciences, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Naples, Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy. gianmariafabrizio@yahoo.it.
authors.forename: Gianmaria Fabrizio
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Ferrazzano
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Oral Sciences, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Naples, Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy. tizianacantile@yahoo.it.|Division of Dentistry and Orthodontics, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome 00165, Italy. tizianacantile@yahoo.it.
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cantile
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Oral Sciences, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Naples, Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy. marcocoda.od@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coda
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Oral Sciences, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Naples, Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy. brunella.alcidi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Brunella
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alcidi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Oral Sciences, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Naples, Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy. giancarla.sangia@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Giancarla
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sangianantoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Oral Sciences, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Naples, Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy. ingenito@unina.it.
authors.forename: Aniello
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ingenito
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Science Institute, National Council of Researches, Via Roma 64, Avellino 83100, Italy. michele.distasio@isa.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Stasio
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Science Institute, National Council of Researches, Via Roma 64, Avellino 83100, Italy. mgvolpe@isa.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Volpe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D002638:Chewing Gum; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000517:prevention & control; D065546:Drug Liberation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009055:Mouth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D011794:Quercetin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002638:Chewing Gum; D011794:Quercetin
keywords: caries; caries prevention; chewing gums; polyphenols; quercetin; release kinetics