title: Long-term surgical and seizure outcomes of frontal low-grade gliomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low-grade gliomas are infrequent lesions requiring special emphasis because of their relatively long follow-up time, and therefore the need for patients' well-being. Surgery provides not only increased survival but also improved quality of life for these patients. The purpose of this study was to present surgical series of frontal low-grade gliomas that were operated in our clinic and to discuss their epileptic and functional outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A series of 40 patients with low-grade glioma (WHO Grade II) were retrospectively analysed for patient characteristics, tumour location, epileptic history, surgery type (awake craniotomy, general anaesthesia), extent of resection and complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumour was localized to primary motor area in most of the cases (35%, n = 14), 25 patients were operated under general anaesthesia and 15 with awake craniotomy. New deficit rate in the early postoperative period was 32.5% (dysarthria in one patient and motor deficits in 12). Karnofsky scores were ≥90 in 92.5% of the patients at the late follow-up. 31 patients were Engel I (77.5%), 5 were Engel II (12.5%) and 4 were Engel IV (10%) postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Frontal LGGs are eligible to resect vigorously without persistent functional deficits. Patients with immediate postoperative complications benefit from neuro-rehabilitation. However, pre-existing speech dysfunctions are hard to recover with surgery. Surgical resection ends with favourable epileptic outcomes whereas tumour location may influence the results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Fatih, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Taner
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanriverdi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Fatih, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: rahsank@istanbul.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Rahsan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kemerdere
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul Research and Training Hospital, Samatya, 34098, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Oguz
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Baran
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Fatih, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sayyahmelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Fatih, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ozlen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Fatih, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cihan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Isler
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Fatih, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uzan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Fatih, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Emin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozyurt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D003399:Craniotomy; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe; D005910:Glioma / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D017567:Karnofsky Performance Status; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Epilepsy; Frontal; Glioma; Low-grade; Outcome