title: Gestational diabetes is associated with changes in placental microbiota and microbiome.
abstract: The human microbiota is a modulator of the immune system. Variations in the placental microbiota could be related with pregnancy disorders. We profiled the placental microbiota and microbiome in women with gestational diabetes (GDM) and studied its relation to maternal metabolism and placental expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines.
  
  
  
  Placental microbiota and microbiome and expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL10, TIMP3, ITGAX, and MRC1MR) were analyzed in placentas from women with GDM and from control women. Fasting insulin, glucose, O'Sullivan glucose, lipids, and blood cell counts were assessed at second and third trimester of pregnancy.
  
  
  
  Bacteria belonging to the Pseudomonadales order and Acinetobacter genus showed lower relative abundance in women with GDM compared to control (P < 0.05). In GDM, lower abundance of placental Acinetobacter associated with a more adverse metabolic (higher O'Sullivan glucose) and inflammatory phenotype (lower blood eosinophil count and lower placental expression of IL10 and TIMP3) (P < 0.05 to P = 0.001). Calcium signaling pathway was increased in GDM placental microbiome.
  
  
  
  A distinct microbiota profile and microbiome is present in GDM. Acinetobacter has been recently shown to induce IL-10 in mice. GDM could constitute a state of placental microbiota-driven altered immunologic tolerance, making placental microbiota a new target for therapy in GDM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital and Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: Judit
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bassols
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France.|Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serino
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital and Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carreras-Badosa
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France.|Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Rémy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burcelin
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France.|Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France.|Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Blasco-Baque
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital and Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: Abel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lopez-Bermejo
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital and Girona Institute for Biomedical Research and CIBERobn, Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: José-Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Real
mesh_terms: D000150:Acinetobacter / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000328:Adult; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D020563:Gammaproteobacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D064307:Microbiota / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D010920:Placenta / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S