title: A Review of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer.
abstract: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy has become the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy not only can reduce tumor size and recurrence, but also increase the tumor resection rate and anus retention rate with very slight side effect. Comparing with preoperative chemotherapy, preoperative chemoradiotherapy can further reduce the local recurrence rate and downstage. Middle and low rectal cancers can benefit more from neoadjuvant chemradiotherapy than high rectal cancer. It needs to refine the selection of appropriate patients and irradiation modes for neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Different therapeutic reactions to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy affect the type of surgical techniques, hence calling for the need of much attention. Furthermore, many problems such as accurate staging before surgery, selection of suitable neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy method, and sensitivity prediction to preoperative radiotherapy need to be well settled.
authors.affiliation: 2. Department of Chemotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 3. Intensive Care Unit, China Mei Tan General Hospital, ChaoYang, Beijing 100028, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 4. Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: 4. Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: 4. Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yanli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: 4. Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chaofan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Beina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hailin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059248:Chemoradiotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Rectal cancer; preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy