title: Dissecting major signaling pathways in prostate cancer development and progression: Mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets.
abstract: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed non-cutaneous malignancy and leading cause of cancer mortality in men. At the initial stages, prostate cancer is dependent upon androgens for their growth and hence effectively combated by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, most patients eventually recur with an androgen deprivation-resistant phenotype, referred to as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), a more aggressive form for which there is no effective therapy presently available. The current review is an attempt to cover and establish an understanding of some major signaling pathways implicated in prostate cancer development and castration-resistance, besides addressing therapeutic strategies that targets the key signaling mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA; Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA.
authors.forename: Senthilmurugan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramalingam
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA; Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA.
authors.forename: Vidya P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Ramamurthy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA; Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA. Electronic address: vnjar@som.umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: Vincent C O
authors.initials: VCO
authors.lastname: Njar
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D010641:Phenotype; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D064129:Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000378:metabolism; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D043823:Taxoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D053245:RANK Ligand; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; C114750:TCF20 protein, human; D043823:Taxoids; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
keywords: Androgen; Castration resistant prostate cancer; Prostate cancer; Signaling pathways