title: Chemical composition and antibacterial properties of essential oil and fatty acids of different parts of Ligularia persica Boiss.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this research was to investigate the chemical composition and antibacterial activities of the fatty acids and essential oil from various parts of Ligularia persica Boiss (L. persica) growing wild in north of Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  Essential oils were extracted by using Clevenger-type apparatus. Antibacterial activity was tested on two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria by using micro dilution method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GC and GC∕MS analysis of the oils resulted in detection of 94%, 96%, 93%, 99% of the total essential oil of flowers, stems, roots and leaves, respectively. The main components of flowers oil were cis-ocimene (15.4%), β-myrcene (4.4%), β-ocimene (3.9%), and γ-terpinene (5.0%). The major constituents of stems oil were β-phellandrene (5.4%), β-cymene (7.0%), valencene (3.9%). The main compounds of root oil were fukinanolid (17.0%), α-phellandrene (11.5%) and Β-selinene (5.0%) and in the case of leaves oil were cis-ocimene (4.8%), β-ocimene (4.9%), and linolenic acid methyl ester (4.7%). An analysis by GC-FID and GC-MS on the fatty-acid composition of the different parts of L. persica showed that major components were linoleic acid (11.3-31.6%), linolenic acid (4.7-21.8%) and palmitic acid (7.2-23.2%). Saturated fatty acids were found in lower amounts than unsaturated ones. The least minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of the L. persica was 7.16 μg/ml against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study indicated that the essential oil from L. persica stems and flowers showed high inhibitory effect on the Gram negative bacteria. The results also showed that fatty acids from the stems and leaves contained a high amount of poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohadjerani
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
authors.forename: Rahman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hosseinzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosseini
keywords: Anti-bacterial; Asteraceae; Essential oil composition; Fatty acids; Ligularia persica