title: Correlation Between Gingival Crevicular Fluid Hemoglobin Content and Periodontal Clinical Parameters.
abstract: Probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) are essential clinical parameters used for periodontal diagnosis. This study investigated whether detection of hemoglobin (Hb) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), along with PD and BOP, would improve diagnostic accuracy.
  
  
  
  After plaque index (PI) was measured, GCF was collected from the gingival sulci of 401 anterior teeth in the maxilla and mandible from 184 patients who had entered periodontal maintenance therapy. Clinical parameters (gingival index [GI], PD, clinical attachment level [CAL], and BOP) were recorded. Hb values in GCF were assessed by immunochromatography. Moreover, cutoff values for PI, GI, and CAL based on the degree of PD and amount of GCF were created and analyzed.
  
  
  
  Hb was detected in 64.8% of GCF samples in 105 BOP-negative (-) sites in the periodontally stable group out of 107 sites that were less than all cutoff values. There were 71 BOP(-) sites in the periodontal-management-required group out of 122 sites that were more than all cutoff values, although no improvement in periodontal disease was observed. Hb was detected in 88.7% of GCF samples from these 71 BOP(-) sites.
  
  
  
  Hb was observed in more than 60% of GCF samples in BOP(-) gingival sulci in both periodontally stable and periodontal-management-required groups. These results suggest inspection of Hb derived from microbleeding in gingival sulci may serve as an index for preclinical diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Numabe
authors.affiliation: The Nippon Dental University.
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sekino
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Etsuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Murakashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishiguro
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Rehabilitation, Division of Periodontology, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry, Iwate, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Rehabilitation, Division of Periodontology, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry, Iwate, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yaegashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takai
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mezawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Yorimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.affiliation: Department of Hard Tissue Engineering, Section of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Hard Tissue Engineering, Section of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Satsuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hagiwara
authors.affiliation: Department of Hard Tissue Engineering, Section of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hiroshima
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun-Ichi
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Kido
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.affiliation: Medical Corporation, Kensei-kai, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazushi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kunimatsu
mesh_terms: D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010518:Periodontitis
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins
keywords: Diagnosis; gingival crevicular fluid; periodontitis