title: Phenotypic Modulation of Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis Is Associated With Downregulation of LMOD1, SYNPO2, PDLIM7, PLN, and SYNM.
abstract: Key augmented processes in atherosclerosis have been identified, whereas less is known about downregulated pathways. Here, we applied a systems biology approach to examine suppressed molecular signatures, with the hypothesis that they may provide insight into mechanisms contributing to plaque stability.
  
  
  
  Muscle contraction, muscle development, and actin cytoskeleton were the most downregulated pathways (false discovery rate=6.99e-21, 1.66e-6, 2.54e-10, respectively) in microarrays from human carotid plaques (n=177) versus healthy arteries (n=15). In addition to typical smooth muscle cell (SMC) markers, these pathways also encompassed cytoskeleton-related genes previously not associated with atherosclerosis. SYNPO2, SYNM, LMOD1, PDLIM7, and PLN expression positively correlated to typical SMC markers in plaques (Pearson r>0.6, P<0.0001) and in rat intimal hyperplasia (r>0.8, P<0.0001). By immunohistochemistry, the proteins were expressed in SMCs in normal vessels, but largely absent in human plaques and intimal hyperplasia. Subcellularly, most proteins localized to the cytoskeleton in cultured SMCs and were regulated by active enhancer histone modification H3K27ac by chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing. Functionally, the genes were downregulated by PDGFB (platelet-derived growth factor beta) and IFNg (interferron gamma), exposure to shear flow stress, and oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) loading. Genetic variants in PDLIM7, PLN, and SYNPO2 loci associated with progression of carotid intima-media thickness in high-risk subjects without symptoms of cardiovascular disease (n=3378). By eQTL (expression quantitative trait locus), rs11746443 also associated with PDLIM7 expression in plaques. Mechanistically, silencing of PDLIM7 in vitro led to downregulation of SMC markers and disruption of the actin cytoskeleton, decreased cell spreading, and increased proliferation.
  
  
  
  We identified a panel of genes that reflect the altered phenotype of SMCs in vascular disease and could be early sensitive markers of SMC dedifferentiation.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.). Ljubica.Perisic@ki.se.
authors.forename: Ljubica
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perisic Matic
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rykaczewska
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Razuvaev
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sabater-Lleal
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Mariette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lengquist
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Clint L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Ida
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ericsson
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Röhl
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Malin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kronqvist
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aldi
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Joelle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Magné
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Paloschi
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Mattias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vesterlund
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Yuhuang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Maria Gonzalez
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Diez
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Joy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Damiano
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baldassarre
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Veglia
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Steve E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Humphries
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: de Faire
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tremoli
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Odeberg
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Vladana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vukojević
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Janne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lehtiö
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Maegdefessel
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ehrenborg
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Gabrielle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paulsson-Berne
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Göran K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Hansson
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Jan H N
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lindeman
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Quertermous
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamsten
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hedin
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D020212:Carotid Artery Injuries / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D054337:Cell Dedifferentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015536:Down-Regulation; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006801:Humans; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D058426:Neointima; D010641:Phenotype; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic; D034622:RNA Interference; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection; D014661:Vasoconstriction; D000099211:Phospholamban
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D001324:Autoantigens; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D000099211:Phospholamban; C103926:LMOD1 protein, human; C484380:PDLIM7 protein, human; C503979:SYNPO2 protein, human; C430456:desmuslin
keywords: actin cytoskeleton; atherosclerosis; downregulation; hyperplasia; smooth muscle cells