title: Flavivirus NS1: a multifaceted enigmatic viral protein.
abstract: Flaviviruses are emerging arthropod-borne viruses representing an immense global health problem. The prominent viruses of this group include dengue virus, yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus tick borne encephalitis virus and Zika Virus. These are endemic in many parts of the world. They are responsible for the illness ranging from mild flu like symptoms to severe hemorrhagic, neurologic and cognitive manifestations leading to death. NS1 is a highly conserved non-structural protein among flaviviruses, which exist in diverse forms. The intracellular dimer form of NS1 plays role in genome replication, whereas, the secreted hexamer plays role in immune evasion. The secreted NS1 has been identified as a potential diagnostic marker for early detection of the infections caused by flaviviruses. In addition to the diagnostic marker, the importance of NS1 has been reported in the development of therapeutics. NS1 based subunit vaccines are at various stages of development. The structural details and diverse functions of NS1 have been discussed in detail in this review.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), Laboratory of Human Molecular Virology & Immunology, Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
authors.forename: Meghana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rastogi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurovirology and Inflammation Biology, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
authors.forename: Nikhil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), Laboratory of Human Molecular Virology & Immunology, Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India. sunitsingh2000@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sunit Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005416:Flavivirus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018177:Flavivirus Infections / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins
keywords: Arboviruses; Flavivirus; NS1 protein; Non-structural proteins