title: Developing a Nanoparticle-Delivered High-Efficacy Treatment for Infantile Hemangiomas Using a Mouse Hemangioendothelioma Model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current treatments for infantile hemangiomas have unpredictable outcomes. The authors' aim was to develop a nanoporphyrin-delivered, high-efficacy treatment for infantile hemangiomas using a mouse hemangioendothelioma model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors injected mouse hemangioendothelioma cells intradermally to axillary regions of 5-week-old, female, nude mice (n = 19) to induce hemangioendothelioma growth. They documented nanoporphyrin accumulation in hemangioendotheliomas using positron emission tomography. For the treatment study, the authors randomized hemangioendothelioma-bearing nude mice (n = 9) into three groups (n = 3 each). Group I received only saline injections. Group II received only laser treatment after saline injection, and group III received laser treatment after nanoporphyrin injection through the tail vein. The authors followed up the treatment response with digital caliper measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hemangioendotheliomas started to grow approximately 1 week after inoculation and resembled infantile hemangiomas histologically. Nanoporphyrin uptake in hemangioendotheliomas was 19.7 ± 2.2, 16.7 ± 2.02, 8.4 ± 0.3, and 4.9 ± 0.6 percent injected dose per gram of tissue at 3, 6, 24, and 48 hours after injection, respectively. Nanoporphyrin uptake was significantly higher than in blood at 24 and 48 hours after injection (p < 0.05). Results of ex vivo biodistribution study were consistent with positron emission tomographic imaging. Hemangioendotheliomas in group III started to regress 1 day after the treatment and disappeared totally by day 21. The difference between tumor volumes in group III and other groups was significant on days 17 and 21 (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nanoporphyrin accumulated in hemangioendotheliomas at high concentrations, enabling a high-efficacy photodynamic therapy. Given the similarities between hemangioendotheliomas and infantile hemangiomas, this treatment potentially can be a high-efficacy treatment for infantile hemangiomas.
authors.affiliation: Sacramento and Davis, Calif.|From the Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California-Davis Medical Center; and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis.
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Orbay
authors.affiliation: Sacramento and Davis, Calif.|From the Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California-Davis Medical Center; and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis.
authors.forename: Yuanpei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Sacramento and Davis, Calif.|From the Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California-Davis Medical Center; and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis.
authors.forename: Wenwu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Sacramento and Davis, Calif.|From the Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California-Davis Medical Center; and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis.
authors.forename: Simon R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Cherry
authors.affiliation: Sacramento and Davis, Calif.|From the Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California-Davis Medical Center; and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis.
authors.forename: Kit
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.affiliation: Sacramento and Davis, Calif.|From the Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California-Davis Medical Center; and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Sahar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006390:Hemangioendothelioma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011166:Porphyrins