title: Preliminary study of tissue concentrations of penicillin after local administration into the guttural pouches in four healthy horses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Treatment of subclinical carriers of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi with a gelatine-penicillin formulation deposited in the guttural pouch has been empirically proposed, but data on local tissue penicillin concentrations after treatment are lacking.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed tissue levels of penicillin after administration into the guttural pouches of four healthy horses. Two horses received local treatment with gelatine-penicillin and two horses received local treatment with an intramammary formulation of penicillin. Tissues were harvested for analysis either 12 or 24 h later.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicate that local treatment may be effective, but more research on optimal drug formulations in a larger sample size is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. annak@hastklinik.se.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Mayhew
authors.affiliation: School of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Petrovski
mesh_terms: D000825:Animal Structures; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002353:Carrier State / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000662:veterinary; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D006736:Horses / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D010406:Penicillins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D018502:Streptococcus equi / Q000187:drug effects; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010406:Penicillins
keywords: Streptococcus; guttural pouch; horses; local treatment; penicillin