title: Comparison of set-up errors by breast size on wing board by portal imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify and compare setup errors between small and large breast patients undergoing intact breast radiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 patients were inducted. 10 small/moderate size breast in arm I and 10 large breast in arm II. Two orthogonal and one lateral tangent portal images (PIs) were obtained and analyzed for systematic (Σ) and random (σ) errors. Effect of no action level (NAL) was also evaluated retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  142 PIs were analyzed. Σ(mm) was 3.2 versus 6.7 (p = 0.41) in the mediolateral (ML) direction, 2.1 versus 2.9 (p = 0.06) in the craniocaudal (CC) and 2.2 versus 3.6 (p = 0.08) in the anteroposterior (AP) direction in small and large breast, respectively. σ(mm) was 3.0, 3.3 and 3.3 for small breast and 4.1, 3.7 and 3.2 for large breast in the ML, CC and AP direction (p = 0.07, 0.86, 0.37), respectively. 3 D Σ(mm) was 2.7 versus 4.2 (p = 0.01) and σ(mm) was 2.5 versus 3.2 (p = 0.14) in arm I and II, respectively. The standard deviation (SD) of variations (mm) in breast contour depicted by central lung distance (CLD) was 5.9 versus 7.4 (p < 0.001), central flash distance (CFD) 6.6 versus 10.5 (p = 0.002), inferior central margin (ICM) 4 versus 4.9 (p < 0.001) in arm I and II, respectively. NAL showed a significant reduction of systematic error in large breast in the mediolateral direction only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wing board can be used in a busy radiotherapy department for setting up breast patients with a margin of 1.1 cm, 0.76 cm and 0.71 cm for small breasts and 1.96 cm, 1.12 cm and 0.98 cm for large breast in the ML, AP and CC directions, respectively. The large PTV margin in the mediolateral direction in large breast can be reduced using NAL. Further research is needed to optimize positioning of large breasted women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Waseem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Raza
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Sushma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Koilpillai Joseph
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Maria Das
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Sellepolyam Kaliyaperumal
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Senthil Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Punita
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lal
keywords: NAL; Portal image; Setup errors; Small and large breast; Wing board