title: Epidemiology of lung cancer and approaches for its prediction: a systematic review and analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Owing to the use of tobacco and the consumption of alcohol and adulterated food, worldwide cancer incidence is increasing at an alarming and frightening rate. Since the last decade of the twentieth century, lung cancer has been the most common cancer type. This study aimed to determine the global status of lung cancer and to evaluate the use of computational methods in the early detection of lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used lung cancer data from the United Kingdom (UK), the United States (US), India, and Egypt. For statistical analysis, we used incidence and mortality as well as survival rates to better understand the critical state of lung cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the UK and the US, we found a significant decrease in lung cancer mortalities in the period of 1990-2014, whereas, in India and Egypt, such a decrease was not much promising. Additionally, we observed that, in the UK and the US, the survival rates of women with lung cancer were higher than those of men. We observed that the data mining and evolutionary algorithms were efficient in lung cancer detection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings provide an inclusive understanding of the incidences, mortalities, and survival rates of lung cancer in the UK, the US, India, and Egypt. The combined use of data mining and evolutionary algorithm can be efficient in lung cancer detection.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Engineering and Technology, JK Lakshmipat University, Near Mahindra SEZ, P.O. Mahapura, Ajmer Road, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302 026, India. ashutoshdubey123@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ashutosh Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Dubey
authors.affiliation: Institute of Engineering and Technology, JK Lakshmipat University, Near Mahindra SEZ, P.O. Mahapura, Ajmer Road, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302 026, India.
authors.forename: Umesh
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Institute of Engineering and Technology, JK Lakshmipat University, Near Mahindra SEZ, P.O. Mahapura, Ajmer Road, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302 026, India.
authors.forename: Sonal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
mesh_terms: D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D004534:Egypt / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Data mining; Evolutionary algorithms; Incidence and mortality rates; Lung cancer