title: Neuroprotective effects of lotus seedpod procyanidins on extremely low frequency electromagnetic field-induced neurotoxicity in primary cultured hippocampal neurons.
abstract: The present study investigated the protective effects of lotus seedpod procyanidins (LSPCs) on extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF)-induced neurotoxicity in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons and the underlying molecular mechanism. The results of MTT, morphological observation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) assays showed that compared with control, incubating neurons under ELF-EMF exposure significantly decreased cell viability and increased the number of apoptotic cells, whereas LSPCs evidently protected the hippocampal neurons against ELF-EMF-induced cell damage. Moreover, a certain concentration of LSPCs inhibited the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca(2+) level, as well as prevented the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential induced by ELF-EMF exposure. In addition, supplementation with LSPCs could alleviate DNA damage, block cell cycle arrest at S phase, and inhibit apoptosis and necrosis of hippocampal neurons under ELF-EMF exposure. Further study demonstrated that LSPCs up-regulated the activations of Bcl-2, Bcl-xl proteins and suppressed the expressions of Bad, Bax proteins caused by ELF-EMF exposure. In conclusion, these findings revealed that LSPCs protected against ELF-EMF-induced neurotoxicity through inhibiting oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
authors.forename: Chunchun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China. Electronic address: dyq101@mail.ujs.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yuqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
authors.forename: Wenyi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China. Electronic address: zhanghh@mail.ujs.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Haihui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
authors.forename: Yuanqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicinal Plants, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Guibo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicinal Plants, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D044946:Biflavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002392:Catechin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004249:DNA Damage; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D031653:Nelumbo / Q000737:chemistry*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D044946:Biflavonoids; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C017674:procyanidin; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002392:Catechin; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D002118:Calcium
keywords: ELF-EMF; Hippocampal neurons; Lotus seedpod; Mitochondrial apoptotic pathway; Oxidative stress; Procyanidins