title: Synthesis and characterization of insulin/zirconium phosphate@TiO2hybrid composites for enhanced oral insulin delivery applications.
abstract: In this work, a series of composites of insulin (Ins)/zirconium phosphate (ZrP) were synthesized by intercalation method, then, these composites were coated with TiO2by sol-gel method to prepare Ins/ZrP@TiO2hybrid composites and the drug release of the composites was investigated by using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Ins/ZrP (10, 30, 60 wt%) composites were prepared by intercalation of insulin into the ZrP layers in water. Then Ins/ZrP composites were coated with different amounts of TiO2(30, 50, 100 wt %) by using titanium tetra n-butoxide, as precursor. Formation of intercalated Ins/ZrP and Ins/ZrP@TiO2hybrid composites was characterized by FT-IR, FE-SEM, BET and XRD analysis. Zeta potential of the optimized Ins/ZrP@TiO2hybrid composite was determined -27.2 mV. Cytotoxic effects of the optimized Ins/ZrP@TiO2hybrid composite against HeLa and Hek293T cell lines were evaluated using MTT assay and the results showed that designed drug delivery system was not toxic in biological environment. Compared to the Ins/ZrP composites, incorporation of TiO2coating enhanced the drug entrapment considerably, and reduced the drug release. The Ins/ZrP composites without TiO2coating released the whole drug after 30 min in pH 7.4 (phosphate buffer solution) while the TiO2-coated composites released the entrapped drug after 20 h. In addition to increasing the shelf life of hormone, this nanoencapsulation and nanocoating method can convert the insulin utilization from injection to oral and present a painless and more comfortable treatment for diabetics.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry , Isfahan University of Technology , Isfahan , Iran.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Safari
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry , Isfahan University of Technology , Isfahan , Iran.
authors.forename: Younes
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamari
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry , Isfahan University of Technology , Isfahan , Iran.
authors.forename: Mehran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghiaci
authors.affiliation: b Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran.|c Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran.
authors.forename: Hojjat
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sadeghi-Aliabadi
authors.affiliation: d Department of Biothechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran.
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mirian
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000737:chemistry*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; C027006:zirconium phosphate; C009495:titanium dioxide; D015040:Zirconium; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Zirconium phosphate; drug delivery; hybrid composite; insulin; intercalation; porous coating