title: Preparation of chitosan-TPP sub-micron particles: Critical evaluation and derived recommendations.
abstract: The controlled preparation of chitosan particles is far from being trivial due to a considerable number of experimental parameters. For chitosan-tripolyphosphate (TPP) particles we evaluate the impact of chemical (type of chitosan, concentration, chitosan to TPP ratio, pH, ionic strength) and process factors (dialysis, stirring rate, rate of TPP addition, temperature, needle diameter) on the size and colloidal stability. The particles were prepared at pH=6.0 at which chitosan adopts the coiled conformation that is discussed as the dominant factor in controlling the stoichiometry of crosslinking reaction shifted towards TPP. These conditions result in identical particle size around 400nm and zeta potential around 22mV. The colloidal stability evaluated 24 hours after preparation depends on the amount of TPP during crosslinking. Under the same conditions, the colloidal stability up to 1 month is demonstrated. Several recommendations are provided to increase the control over formation of chitosan-TPP particles.
authors.affiliation: Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovak Republic. Electronic address: filip.razga@savba.sk.
authors.forename: Filip
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rázga
authors.affiliation: Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovak Republic. Electronic address: dominika.vnukova@savba.sk.
authors.forename: Dominika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vnuková
authors.affiliation: Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovak Republic. Electronic address: veronika.nemethova@savba.sk.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Némethová
authors.affiliation: Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovak Republic. Electronic address: petra.mazancova@savba.sk.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mazancová
authors.affiliation: Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovak Republic. Electronic address: igor.lacik@savba.sk.
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lacík
keywords: Chitosan; Colloidal stability; Preparation conditions; Size; Sub-micron particles; Tripolyphosphate