title: Predictors for vascular cognitive impairment in stroke patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Around two thirds stroke patients may suffer from vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Our previous study has validated the NINDS-CSN harmonization standard for VCI diagnosis in Chinese. In this study, we aimed to investigate the predictors for VCI in Chinese post-stroke patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared epidemiological, clinical, and neuroimaging data (number, size and location of acute infarcts and lacunes, severities of white matter hyperintensities and brain atrophy) between stroke patients with and without VCI. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were utilized to determine VCI predictors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-six consecutive patients (age, 63.8 ± 8.3 years; female, 37.5%) were recruited at a mean interval of 7.1 months after stroke onset, and 31 (55.4%) patients were diagnosed with VCI based on a validated 60-min neuropsychological battery. VCI patients were older (p = 0.023), less educated (p = 0.001), more likely to be female (p < 0.001), had a recurrent stroke (p = 0.028), and described higher apathy (p = 0.022) and worse pre-stroke cognition (p = 0.048) than cognitively normal patients. Lower educational level (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.750, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.573-0.981; p = 0.035), female sex (adjusted OR 8.288, 95% CI, 1.522-45.113; p = 0.014), recurrent stroke (adjusted OR 11.327, 95% CI, 1.335-96.130, p = 0.026), and global cortical atrophy (adjusted OR 5.730, 95% CI, 1.128-29.101, p = 0.035) were independently associated with VCI in post-stroke patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower education, female sex, recurrent stroke and global cortical atrophy were associated with VCI in Chinese stroke patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305# East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China.|Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Xiangliang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305# East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China.
authors.forename: Lihui
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Yunfei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305# East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305# East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China.
authors.forename: Qiliang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Shang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305# East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305# East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China. caloriey@163.com.
authors.forename: Yunyun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305# East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China. xfliu2@vip.163.com.
authors.forename: Xinfeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D057565:Apathy; D001284:Atrophy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000209:etiology; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology*; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000209:etiology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012008:Recurrence; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*
keywords: Lacune; Neuropsychology; Stroke; Vascular cognitive impairment; White matter hyperintensities