title: Organic nanoparticle systems for spatiotemporal control of multimodal chemotherapy.
abstract: Chemotherapeutic drugs are used in combination to target multiple mechanisms involved in cancer cell survival and proliferation. Carriers are developed to deliver drug combinations to common target tissues in optimal ratios and desirable sequences. Nanoparticles (NP) have been a popular choice for this purpose due to their ability to increase the circulation half-life and tumor accumulation of a drug. Areas covered: We review organic NP carriers based on polymers, proteins, peptides, and lipids for simultaneous delivery of multiple anticancer drugs, drug/sensitizer combinations, drug/photodynamic therapy or drug/photothermal therapy combinations, and drug/gene therapeutics with examples in the past three years. Sequential delivery of drug combinations, based on either sequential administration or built-in release control, is introduced with an emphasis on the mechanistic understanding of such control. Expert opinion: Recent studies demonstrate how a drug carrier can contribute to co-localizing drug combinations in optimal ratios and dosing sequences to maximize the synergistic effects. We identify several areas for improvement in future research, including the choice of drug combinations, circulation stability of carriers, spatiotemporal control of drug release, and the evaluation and clinical translation of combination delivery.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA.|b Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China.
authors.forename: Fanfei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: a Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA.|c Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: a Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA.|d Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA.
authors.forename: Yoon
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yeo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D004338:Drug Combinations; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004338:Drug Combinations; D011108:Polymers; D011506:Proteins
keywords: Multimodal chemotherapy; drug synergism; nanoparticles; ratiometric delivery; sequential delivery; simultaneous delivery; spatiotemporal control