title: Dihydromyricetin suppresses inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo through inhibition of IKKβ activity in macrophages.
abstract: Dihydromyricetin (DMY) a flavonoid derived from medicinal plant Ampelopsis grossedentata, possesses anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro, however, the in vivo anti-inflammatory action of DMY remains unknown. In the current study, carrageenan-induced paw edema in rat, an acute inflammation model, and RAW264.7 macrophages activated by LPS were employed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potency of DMY in vivo and in vitro. Results showed that DMY significantly attenuated rat paw edema induced by carrageenan. Also, DMY markedly inhibited NO secretion, iNOS, and COX-2 protein expression, as well as p65 phosphorylation via suppression of IKKβ activity and IKKα/β phosphorylation in RAW264.7 cells. And using high resolution Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), we also proved that DMY prevented morphological change and membrane alterations of RAW 264.7 macrophages caused by LPS stimulation. As activation of macrophages is one of major factors in carrageenan-induced paw edema of rats, the anti-inflammatory action of DMY is suggested to be closely associated with suppression of macrophage activation. These findings indicate that DMY is valuable of being further investigated as a candidate new agent for treating inflammatory conditions, and suggest that AFM could be a powerful nanotool for anti-inflammatory investigations. SCANNING 38:901-912, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pi
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Shum Yiu Foon Shum Bik Chuen Memorial Centre for Cancer and Inflammation, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
authors.forename: Lufen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.|Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jiye
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D044948:Flavonols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D044948:Flavonols; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; C472036:dihydromyricetin
keywords: IKKβ; atomic force microscopy; carrageenan induced rat paw edema; dihydromyricetin; macrophage