title: The influence of work characteristics, emotional display rules and affectivity on burnout and job satisfaction: A survey among geriatric care workers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have demonstrated that geriatric care employees are exposed to a large number of factors that can affect their levels of job satisfaction and occupational stress. Although working with elderly people is emotionally demanding, little research has been done on the role played by perceptions of emotional display rules, alongside more traditional work characteristics and individual factors, in the prediction of geriatric care employees' wellbeing.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to examine the role played by work characteristics (job demands, job control, emotional display rules) and individual (affectivity) factors to predict job satisfaction and burnout among French geriatric care nurses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaires were sent to 891 employees working in 32 geriatric care centers in France. A total of 371 valid questionnaires (response rate: 41.60%) were analyzed using structural equation modeling techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results revealed two main processes of burnout and job satisfaction among women geriatric care workers, namely a salutogenic process and a pathogenic process. As expected, negative affectivity, low job status, perceived negative display rules and job demands are involved in the pathogenic process; while positive affectivity, perceived positive display rules and job control are implied in the salutogenic one. More specifically, as expected, negative affectivity is a positive predictor of burnout, both directly and indirectly through its impact on perceived negative display rules and job demands. Moreover, negative affectivity was negatively related to job satisfaction. Simultaneously, positive affectivity can predict job satisfaction, both directly and indirectly through its impact on perceived positive display rules and job control. Positive affectivity is also a negative predictor of burnout.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Practical implications are discussed to support intervention programs that develop healthy workplaces, and also to inform nurses about how to manage emotional display rules in retirement homes.
authors.affiliation: Département de Psychologie, Centre de Recherches en Psychologie, Cognition et Communication (CRPCC, E.A. 1285), Université Rennes 2, Rennes, France. Electronic address: geraldine.rouxel@univ-rennes2.fr.
authors.forename: Géraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rouxel
authors.affiliation: Département de Psychologie, Centre de Recherches en Psychologie, Cognition et Communication (CRPCC, E.A. 1285), Université Rennes 2, Rennes, France. Electronic address: estelle.michinov@univ-rennes2.fr.
authors.forename: Estelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Michinov
authors.affiliation: Département de Psychologie, Centre de Recherches en Psychologie, Cognition et Communication (CRPCC, E.A. 1285), Université Rennes 2, Rennes, France. Electronic address: virginie.dodeler@univ-rennes2.fr.
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dodeler
mesh_terms: D002055:Burnout, Professional; D004644:Emotions; D005602:France; D005853:Geriatrics; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D000078329:Workforce
keywords: Burnout; Emotional display rules; Geriatric care nurses; Job satisfaction; Negative and positive affectivity