title: Qigong Yi Jinjing Promotes Pulmonary Function, Physical Activity, Quality of Life and Emotion Regulation Self-Efficacy in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Pilot Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the effect of a Chinese traditional exercise program, Qigong Yi Jinjing (QYJJ), on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and thirty eligible COPD patients were randomly divided into three groups: the QYJJ group (n = 42), the self-management exercise group (n = 43), and the control group (n = 45). Data were collected and analyzed at baseline and again at one, three, and six months. A pulmonary rehabilitation index, consisting of pulmonary function, six-minute walk test, Regulatory Emotion Self-Efficacy questionnaire, and exercise of the COPD Assessment Test widely used to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQL) in participants with COPD, was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the other groups, participants in QYJJ group had significantly better lung function (forced expiratory volume in one second: F = 8.96, p = 0.000; forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity: F = 11.55, p = 0.000; the percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second in prediction: F = 24.27, p = 0.000); walked a longer distance (F = 152.52, p = 0.000), and had more satisfactory HRQL (F = 14.08, p = 0.000). QYJJ training also contributed to improving the ability of emotion regulation (F = 36.56, p = 0.000). There were significant positive changes in expressing positive affect (F = 56.25, p = 0.000) and managing despondency/distress (F = 21.58, p = 0.000), apart from the ability to regulate anger/irritation (F = 1.20, p = 0.305). The longer QYJJ is practiced, the more effective the influence is on the pulmonary rehabilitation-related index measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that QYJJ exercise produced positive effects on pulmonary function, physical activity, emotion regulation self-efficiency (modulating the expression of despondency or distress and experiencing and expressing positive affect), and HRQL in patients with COPD.
authors.affiliation: 1 Nursing College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing, China .|2 Department of Nursing, Medical College of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, China .
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 1 Nursing College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing, China .
authors.forename: Guihua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xv
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Nursing, Medical College of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, China .
authors.forename: Caifeng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: 1 Nursing College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing, China .
authors.forename: DiJuan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: 3 Nursing College, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China .
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ji
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D064906:Qigong / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Qigong Yi Jinjing; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); emotion regulation; health-related quality of life (HRQL); physical activity; pulmonary function