title: Near Infrared Spectroscopy as a Hemodynamic Monitor in Critical Illness.
abstract: The objectives of this review are to discuss the technology and clinical interpretation of near infrared spectroscopy oximetry and its clinical application in patients with congenital heart disease.
  
  
  
  MEDLINE and PubMed.
  
  
  
  Near infrared spectroscopy provides a continuous noninvasive assessment of tissue oxygenation. Over 20 years ago, near infrared spectroscopy was introduced into clinical practice for monitoring cerebral oxygenation during cardiopulmonary bypass in adults. Since that time, the utilization of near infrared spectroscopy has extended into the realm of pediatric cardiac surgery and is increasingly being used in the cardiac ICU to monitor tissue oxygenation perioperatively.
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI. 2Department of Anesthesia, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
authors.forename: Nancy S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Ghanayem
authors.forename: George M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D010092:Oximetry / Q000379:methods*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen