title: [Diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease: Possibilities of prediction, early diagnosis, and  nephroprotection in the 21st century].
abstract: The. review gives data on the prognostic value of genetic markers when analyzing the risk of chronic kidney disease in diabetes mellitus, those on new possibilities of early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy using urinary biomarkers (nephrinuria, podocinuria) and proteomic urinalysis at the stage of normoalbuminuria. The interpretation of the index mrcroalbuminuria in type 2 diabetesis critically analyzed. The nephroprotective properties of novel classes of glucose-lowering drugs, such as incretins and gliflozins, are considered.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Shestakova
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D054795:Incretins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011379:Prognosis; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D040901:Proteomics
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D054795:Incretins; D020011:Protective Agents