title: Structural analysis and cytokine-induced activity of gelling sulfated polysaccharide from the cystocarpic plants of Ahnfeltiopsis flabelliformis.
abstract: Gelling sulfated polysaccharide from the cystocarpic plants of Ahnfeltiopsis flabelliformis was studied. According to FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy data, the polysaccharide was found to be iota/kappa-carrageenan with iota- and kappa-type units in a 2:1 ratio containing beta-carrageenan units and minor amounts of nu- and mu-carrageenans. The HPLC and ESI MS/MS data of enzymatic hydrolysis products revealed that the main components of the polymer chain are iota-carrabiose, iota-carratetraose and hybrid tetra- and hexasaccharides consisting of kappa- and iota-units. Xylose was a substituent of a hydroxyl group at C-6 of 1,3-linked β-d-galactose in the total polysaccharides. It was shown that the ability of carrageenans to increase the synthesis of cytokines depended on their molecular weight. The polysaccharide induced the synthesis of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, whereas oligosaccharides increased the synthesis of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines at high concentrations.
authors.affiliation: G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 100 Let Vladivostoku Prosp., 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation. Electronic address: kravchenko_25.89@mail.ru.
authors.forename: Anna O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Kravchenko
authors.affiliation: G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 100 Let Vladivostoku Prosp., 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Stanislav D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Anastyuk
authors.affiliation: G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 100 Let Vladivostoku Prosp., 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Ekaterina V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Sokolova
authors.affiliation: G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 100 Let Vladivostoku Prosp., 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Vladimir V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Isakov
authors.affiliation: G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 100 Let Vladivostoku Prosp., 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Valery P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Glazunov
authors.affiliation: CERMAV, CNRS and Grenoble Alpes Université, BP53, 38000 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Helbert
authors.affiliation: G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 100 Let Vladivostoku Prosp., 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Irina M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Yermak
mesh_terms: D002351:Carrageenan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D015394:Molecular Structure; D000461:Rhodophyta; D013431:Sulfates; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; C508609:IL10 protein, human; D013431:Sulfates; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D002351:Carrageenan
keywords: Ahnfeltiopsis flabelliformis; Beta-carrageenan (PubChem CID: 102199626); Carrageenan; Chemical structure; Cytokine synthesis; Enzyme hydrolysis; Iota-carrageenan (PubChem CID: 101231952); Kappa-carrageenan (PubChem CID: 11966249); d-Glucose (PubChem CID: 5793); d-Xylose (PubChem CID: 135191)