title: Pelargonidin improves memory deficit in amyloid β25-35 rat model of Alzheimer's disease by inhibition of glial activation, cholinesterase, and oxidative stress.
abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disorder with devastating outcomes and few mostly palliative available therapeutic strategies. Pelargonidin (Pel), an anthocyanin compound, is an estrogen receptor agonist with lower side effects versus estrogen. This study examined neuroprotective effect of Pel on intrahippocampal amyloid β25-35 (Aβ) rat model of AD. Rats were divided into groups of sham, Aβ, and Pel-pretreated Aβ (10mg/kg; p.o.). Animals underwent Morris water maze (MWM) test in addition to measurement of hippocampal oxidative stress, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Pel pretreatment of Aβ group significantly improved escape latency and distance swum in MWM versus Aβ group and attenuated hippocampal malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased catalase activity with no significant change of nitrite. Meanwhile, Pel improved hippocampal AChE activity and lowered GFAP level with no significant change of iNOS. Our results suggest that Pel could improve Aβ25-35-induced memory deficit through mitigation of oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction, and astrocyte reaction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sohanaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: tmojarad@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Tourandokht
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baluchnejadmojarad
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farnaz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nikbakht
authors.affiliation: Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: mehjour@shahed.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mehrdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roghani
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D000872:Anthocyanins; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D009573:Nitrites; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C074636:amyloid beta-protein (25-35); D008315:Malondialdehyde; C066957:pelargonidin; D002374:Catalase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D002802:Cholinesterases
keywords: Acetylcholinesterase; Glial fibrillary acidic protein; Inducible nitric oxide synthase; Oxidative stress; Pelargonidin; β amyloid