title: Low-dose propranolol for infantile hemangioma of the head and neck: Analysis of 23 consecutive patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  More and more infantile hemangiomas (IH) are being treated with propranolol, but the effectiveness, dosage, and treatment course are still in dispute. The aim of this observational study was to describe the therapeutic response, tolerance, and safety of low-dose propranolol in 23 children with IH of the head and neck.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from the medical charts of patients treated with low-dose propranolol from December 2009 through November 2011. Oral dose was 1-1.5 mg/kg once per day. Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored during the first 24 h of treatment. In the absence of side-effects, treatment was continued at home and the child was re-evaluated every month.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients had a good response, even if treated with corticosteroid previously. Color and growth changes within 1 week were noted. Treatment continued for a mean total duration of 6 months until the IH had totally disappeared or stabilized. There were no severe adverse reactions. Side-effects were limited and mild, including blood pressure decrease, somnolence, and nausea. No relapse was noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-dose propranolol appears to be effective and safe for IH, especially for those patients previously treated with corticosteroid and who had no response or severe side-effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.|Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatology Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Wenhao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.|Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatology Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Shaoming
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.|Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatology Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Linmei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Cui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Chunxi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.|Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatology Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Keqian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhi
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018324:Hemangioma, Capillary / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011433:Propranolol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D011433:Propranolol
keywords: corticosteroid; head and neck; infantile hemangioma; propranolol