title: The utility of urine-circulating miRNAs for detection of prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this paper, the utility of urine-circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) as the potential biomarker of prostate cancer (PCa), the second most prevalent male cancer worldwide, was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cancerous (N=56) and non-cancerous (N=16) prostate tissues were analysed on TaqMan Low Density Array, with the initial screening of 754 miRNAs in a subset of the samples. The abundance of selected miRNAs was analysed in urine specimens from two independent cohorts of patients with PCa (N=215 overall), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH; N=23), and asymptomatic controls (ASC; N=62) by means of quantitative reverse transcription PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over 100 miRNAs were found deregulated in PCa as compared with non-cancerous prostate tissue. After thorough validation, four miRNAs were selected for the analysis in urine specimens. The abundance of miR-148a and miR-375 in urine was identified as specific biomarkers of PCa in both cohorts. Combined analysis of urine-circulating miR-148a and miR-375 was highly sensitive and specific for PCa in both cohorts (AUC=0.79 and 0.84) and strongly improved the diagnostic power of the PSA test (AUC=0.85, cohort PCa1), including the grey diagnostic zone (AUC=0.90).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quantitative measurement of urine-circulating miR-148a and miR-375 can serve as the non-invasive tool for sensitive and specific detection of PCa.
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Genome Research Centre, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Avenue 7, Vilnius LT-10222, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stuopelyte
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Genome Research Centre, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Avenue 7, Vilnius LT-10222, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Daniunaite
authors.affiliation: Urology Centre, Vilnius University, Santariskiu 2, Vilnius LT-08661, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Arnas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bakavicius
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Genome Research Centre, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Avenue 7, Vilnius LT-10222, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Juozas R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lazutka
authors.affiliation: Urology Centre, Vilnius University, Santariskiu 2, Vilnius LT-08661, Lithuania.|National Cancer Institute, Santariskiu 1, Vilnius LT-08406, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Feliksas
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jankevicius
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Genome Research Centre, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Avenue 7, Vilnius LT-10222, Lithuania.|National Cancer Institute, Santariskiu 1, Vilnius LT-08406, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Sonata
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jarmalaite
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005629:Frozen Sections; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine*; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000652:urine; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D012372:ROC Curve; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D035683:MicroRNAs; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen