title: The Association between Diabetes and Herpes Simplex Eye Disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and presence and severity of Herpes simplex eye disease (HSED).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted two sub-studies. We included the patients seen on the Cornea Service of the Wills Eye Hospital from January 2008 to August 2012. Study 1 included 541 patients with HSED and 3226 controls. Study 2 involved 40 diabetic and 120 non-diabetic ocular surface HSED patients. Severity of ocular surface HSED was graded as mild, moderate, or severe, based on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Patients were excluded if they had fewer than two office visits or had non-Herpes simplex-related vision-threatening conditions. Diabetes was graded as: diet group (DM controlled with diet), oral group (DM controlled with oral medications), and insulin group (DM control required insulin).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five of 541 (0.93%) HSED patients had type 1 DM, similar to 19/3246 (0.59%) controls (p = 0.375); 48 of 541 (8.88%) HSED patients had type 2 DM, similar to 287/3246 (8.84%) controls (p = 0.981). Using multinomial logistic regression analyses, the probability/risk of being in the severe ocular surface HSED group as opposed to the mild ocular surface HSED group were not statistically significantly different between DM patients and those without DM (p = 0.120; OR, 1.900; 95% CI, 0.846-4.266).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There may not be a positive association between type 2 DM and HSED.
authors.affiliation: a Cornea Service, Wills Eye Hospital , Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA.|b Cornea Service, Department of Ophthalmology , Dıskapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kosker
authors.affiliation: a Cornea Service, Wills Eye Hospital , Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA.
authors.forename: Kristin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hammersmith
authors.affiliation: a Cornea Service, Wills Eye Hospital , Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA.
authors.forename: Parveen K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Nagra
authors.affiliation: a Cornea Service, Wills Eye Hospital , Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA.
authors.forename: Ahmad H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Nassef
authors.affiliation: a Cornea Service, Wills Eye Hospital , Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Rapuano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016849:Keratitis, Herpetic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Herpes simplex eye disease; Herpes simplex virus