title: Genetic variation and phylogenetic relationship analysis of Jatropha curcas L. inferred from nrDNA ITS sequences.
abstract: Genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships among 102 Jatropha curcas accessions from Asia, Africa, and the Americas were assessed using the internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA ITS). The average G+C content (65.04%) was considerably higher than the A+T (34.96%) content. The estimated genetic diversity revealed moderate genetic variation. The pairwise genetic divergences (GD) between haplotypes were evaluated and ranged from 0.000 to 0.017, suggesting a higher level of genetic differentiation in Mexican accessions than those of other regions. Phylogenetic relationships and intraspecific divergence were inferred by Bayesian inference (BI), maximum parsimony (MP), and median joining (MJ) network analysis and were generally resolved. The J. curcas accessions were consistently divided into three lineages, groups A, B, and C, which demonstrated distant geographical isolation and genetic divergence between American accessions and those from other regions. The MJ network analysis confirmed that Central America was the possible center of origin. The putative migration route suggested that J. curcas was distributed from Mexico or Brazil, via Cape Verde and then split into two routes. One route was dispersed to Spain, then migrated to China, eventually spreading to southeastern Asia, while the other route was dispersed to Africa, via Madagascar and migrated to China, later spreading to southeastern Asia.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, 610064 Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
authors.forename: Guo-Ye
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, 610064 Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China. Electronic address: 890chenfang@sina.com.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, 610064 Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, 610064 Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
authors.forename: Yin-Shuai
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
authors.forename: Mao-Qun
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Tropical Eco-agriculture Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 651300 Yuanmou, Yunnan, PR China.
authors.forename: Xue-Qin
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Tropical Eco-agriculture Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 651300 Yuanmou, Yunnan, PR China.
authors.forename: Li-Chun
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: College of life science, Hainan Normal University, 571158 Haikou, Hainan, PR China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D001482:Base Composition; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics*; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D005843:Geography; D006239:Haplotypes; D031286:Jatropha / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer
keywords: Genetic variation; Jatropha curcas; Migration route; Phylogenetic relationship; nrITS