title: Combination of specific allergen and probiotics induces specific regulatory B cells and enhances specific immunotherapy effect on allergic rhinitis.
abstract: The therapeutic efficacy of allergen specific immunotherapy (SIT) on allergic diseases is to be improved. Probiotics can regulate immune response. This study aims to promote the effect of SIT on allergic rhinitis (AR) by co-administration with Clostridium butyricum (Cb). In this study, patients with AR sensitized to mite allergens were enrolled to this study, and treated with SIT or/and Cb. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by the total nasal symptom scores (NSS), medication scores, serum specific IgE levels and T helper (Th)2 cytokine levels. The improvement of immune regulation in the AR patients was assessed by immunologic approaches. The results showed that treating AR patients with SIT alone markedly reduced NSS and medication scores; but did not alter the serum specific IgE, Th2 cytokines and skin prick test (SPT) index. The clinical symptoms on AR in SIT group relapsed one month after stopping SIT. Co-administration of Cb significantly enhanced the efficacy of SIT on AR as shown by suppression of NSS, medication scores, serum specific IgE, Th2 cytokines and SPT index; the regulatory B cell frequency was also markedly increased. Such an effect on AR was maintained throughout the observation period even after stopping the treatment. Butyrate blocked the activation of histone deacetylase-1, the downstream activities of epsilon chain promoter activation, and the IgE production in the antigen specific B cells. On the other hand, butyrate induced the IL-10 expression in B cells with a premise of the B cell receptor activation by specific antigens. In conclusion, administration with Cb can markedly enhance the efficacy of SIT on AR.
authors.affiliation: ENT Institute of The Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Ling-Zhi
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: ENT Institute of The Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.|Longgang ENT Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Li-Tao
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: ENT Institute of The Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.|Longgang ENT Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Shu-Qi
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: ENT Institute of The Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.|Longgang ENT Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Gui
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Qian
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Bei-Ping
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: ENT Institute of The Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.|Longgang ENT Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Rui
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: ENT Institute of The Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.|Longgang ENT Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Qiang
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: ENT Institute of The Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.|Longgang ENT Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Brain Body Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Huan-Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: ENT Institute of The Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Gang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hua-Bin
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: ENT Institute of The Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Ping-Chang
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D060151:B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D002087:Butyrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D046972:Clostridium butyricum; D003888:Desensitization, Immunologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D065631:Rhinitis, Allergic / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D002087:Butyrates; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007073:Immunoglobulin E
keywords: Immune response; Immunity; Immunology and Microbiology Section; allergic rhinitis; immunoglobulin E; probiotics; regulatory B cells; specific immunotherapy