title: Alemtuzumab-induced elimination of HIV-1-infected immune cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Currently, there is no drug known that is able to eradicate either HIV or HIV-infected host cells. The effectiveness of all available treatments is based on the prevention of viral replication. We investigated whether the monoclonal, CD52 receptor-targeting antibody, alemtuzumab, which is currently approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, is able to eliminate HIV-infected immune cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  In blood samples from healthy donors and from HIV-1-infected subjects who were either treatment-naïve or resistant to HAART, we studied whether the CD52 expression on T cells and their subsets (CD3, CD4, CD8), B cells (CD19), dendritic cells (CD123) and monocytes (CD11c) is retained in HIV-1 infection and whether alemtuzumab is able to eradicate infected cells, using four-colour flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that CD52 expression on immune cells is retained in HIV-1 infection regardless of CD4 cell count, viral load and treatment status, and is amenable to alemtuzumab-induced depletion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the first time it could be shown in vitro that HIV-1-infected immune cells can be eliminated by using the monoclonal antibody alemtuzumab.
authors.affiliation: Vaccine and Cellular Immunology (VCI) Laboratory, Chulalongkorn Vaccine Research Center (Chula VRC), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kiat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ruxrungtham
authors.affiliation: Vaccine and Cellular Immunology (VCI) Laboratory, Chulalongkorn Vaccine Research Center (Chula VRC), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sunee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sirivichayakul
authors.affiliation: Vaccine and Cellular Immunology (VCI) Laboratory, Chulalongkorn Vaccine Research Center (Chula VRC), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Supranee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buranapraditkun
authors.affiliation: VivoTecc GmbH , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Krause
keywords: B cells; CD52; HIV cure; T cell elimination; alemtuzumab; dendritic cells; monocytes