title: Effect of β-sitosterol against methyl nitrosourea-induced mammary gland carcinoma in albino rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study was in quested to study the effects of β-sitosterol on methyl nitrosourea (MNU) induced mammary gland carcinoma in albino wistar rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animals were randomized and divided into four groups of eight animals each. Group I (sham control 1 % CMC in normal saline p.o.); Group II (toxic control, MNU 47 mg/kg, i.v); Group III (MNU 47 mg/kg, i.v + β-sitosterol, 10 mg/kg, p.o); Group IV (MNU 47 mg/kg, i.v + β-sitosterol, 20 mg/kg, p.o). Toxicity was induced by single i.v. injection of MNU followed by β-sitosterol supplementation therapy for 115 days at the dose mentioned above.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with β-sitosterol evidenced decrease in the alveolar bud and lobule score in the whole mount of the mammary gland. β-sitosterol exhibited diminishing effect on oxidative stress through synchronizing lipid and enzymatic antioxidant defense. A significant decrease in the saturated and unsaturated fatty acid was evident with the MNU treatment and β-sitosterol demonstrated a marked effect on it. Pgp 9.5 expression was dose dependently upregulated by β-sitosterol treatment in comparison to MNU treatment. On the contrary, downregulated NF-kB expression was perceived, when β-sitosterol was concomitantly administered with MNU.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  β-sitosterol afforded significant protection against the deleterious effects of MNU.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India.
authors.forename: Chetan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manral
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India.
authors.forename: Subhadeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India.
authors.forename: Manjari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India.
authors.forename: Swetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gautam
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India.
authors.forename: Rajnish K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India.
authors.forename: Jitendra K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Rawat
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, FHMSIASM SHIATS-Deemed University (Formerly Allahabad Agriculture Institute), Naini, Allahabad, 211007, (U.P.), India.
authors.forename: Uma
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Devi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA.
authors.forename: Md Nazam
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA.
authors.forename: Abdulaziz S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Saeedan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India. gauravpharm@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Gaurav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kaithwas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008770:Methylnitrosourea / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D020011:Protective Agents; D008770:Methylnitrosourea
keywords: FAME; Inflammation; Mammary gland; Oxidative stress; P-glycoprotein; β-sitosterol