title: Distribution, Partitioning and Bioaccumulation of Substituted Diphenylamine Antioxidants and Benzotriazole UV Stabilizers in an Urban Creek in Canada.
abstract: Substituted diphenylamine antioxidants (SDPAs) and benzotriazole UV stabilizers (BZT-UVs), previously under reported classes of organic contaminants, were determined in sediment, water, and freshwater biota in an urban creek in Canada. SDPAs and BZT-UVs were frequently detected in all matrices including upstream of the urban area in a rural agricultural/woodlot region, suggesting a ubiquitous presence and bioaccumulation of these emerging contaminants. Spatial comparisons were characterized by higher levels of SDPAs downstream compared with the upstream, implying a possible influence of the urban activities on the antioxidant contamination in the sampling area. In sediment, 4,4'-bis(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-diphenylamine (diAMS), dioctyl-diphenylamine (C8C8), and dinonyl-diphenylamine (C9C9) were the most dominant congeners of SDPAs, with concentrations up to 191 ng/g (dry weight, d.w.). Benthic invertebrates Crayfish (Orcoescties spp.) had larger body burdens of SDPAs and BZT-UVs compared to pelagic fish (hornyhead chub (Nocomis biguttatus) and common shiner (Luxilus cornutus)) in the creek and partitioning coefficients demonstrated that sediment was the major reservoir of these contaminants. This is the first report of bioaccumulation and partitioning behaviors of SDPAs and BZT-UVs in freshwater environments.
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1 Canada.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1 Canada.
authors.forename: Amila O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: De Silva
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1 Canada.
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Peart
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1 Canada.
authors.forename: Cyril J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1 Canada.
authors.forename: Gerald R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Tetreault
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada.
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Servos
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1 Canada.
authors.forename: Derek C G
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Muir
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants; D004159:Diphenylamine; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005399:Fishes; D019015:Geologic Sediments; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004159:Diphenylamine