title: An Evaluation of GuttaFlow2 in Filling Artificial Internal Resorption Cavities: An in vitro Study.
abstract: Obturation of root canal with internal resorption represents a major challenge in Endodontics. In spite of that, usual obturation techniques are often employed without considering the best technique to solve this problem. The goal of this study was to investigate the ability of GuttaFlow2 in filling artificial internal resorption cavities.
  
  
  
  The study sample included 36 human upper central incisors that were prepared using Protaper system (F4). Internal resorption cavities were prepared by cutting each tooth at 7 mm from the apex and preparing hemispherical cavities on both the sides and then re-attaching them. The sample was randomly separated into three groups (n = 12 in each group). In the first group, thermal injection technique (Obtura II) was employed and served as the control group. In the second group, injection of cold free-flow obturation technique with a master cone (GF2-C) was employed, whereas in the third group injection of cold free-flow obturation without a master cone (GF2) was followed. The teeth were re-cut at the same level as before and examined under a stereomicroscope. Subsequently, the captured images were transferred to AutoCAD program to measure the percentage of total filling "TF," gutta-percha "G," sealer "S," and voids "V" out of the total surface of the cross sections.
  
  
  
  All materials showed high filling properties in terms of "total filling," ranging from 99.17% (for Obtura II) to 99.72% (for GF2-C). Regarding gutta-percha percentages of filling, they ranged from 83.15 to 83.93%, whereas those for the sealer ranged from 5.71 to 15.24%. GuttaFlow2 group with a master cone appeared to give the best results despite the insignificant differences among the three groups.
  
  
  
  The GuttaFlow2 with a master cone technique seemed to be a promising filling material and gave results similar to those observed with Obtura II. It is recommended for use to obturate internal resorption cavities in clinical practice due to its good adaptability to root canal walls, ease of handling, and application.
  
  
  
  Internal resorption defects can be successfully filled with GuttaFlow2 material when supplemented with a master cone, and the results are comparable with those obtained with the Obtura II technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry University of Damascus Dental School, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic.
authors.forename: Yara
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mohammad
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry University of Damascus Dental School, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic.
authors.forename: Hisham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alafif
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of Damascus Dental School, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic, Phone: +00963113141343, e-mail: myhajeer@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Hajeer
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry University of Damascus Dental School, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic.
authors.forename: Oula
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yassin
mesh_terms: D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007180:Incisor; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D004338:Drug Combinations; C515718:GuttaFlow; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; C113130:obtura II; D006171:Gutta-Percha
keywords: GuttaFlow2; Internal resorption; Obtura II; Obturation techniques.