title: CLIC1 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinical significance of chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) remains largely unknown. This study was performed to assess the expression of CLIC1 in benign and malignant pancreatic lesions, and to assess its clinicopathological significance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue samples from resected PDAC (n = 70) and their matched normal pairs were evaluated for CLIC1 expression by immunohistochemical staining. Their expression was correlated with different clinicopathological parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CLIC1 expression was significantly higher (67.1%) in PDAC than in adjacent control tissues (25.7%, P < 0.001). High CLIC1 levels were associated with the histological grade (P < 0.001) and tumor size (P < 0.001); but not with sex, age, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, tumor location, or lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). Univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that a positive CLIC1 expression was associated with a decreased overall survival (P < 0.01). Multivariate cox regression analysis showed that CLIC1 expression and lymph node metastasis were independent risk factors for disease-free survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The expression of CLIC1 might be closely related to the carcinogenesis, clinical biological behaviors, and prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Disease, Shanxi Medical University Second Hospital, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Medical University Second Hospital, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shengli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Medical University Second Hospital, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ge
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Disease, Shanxi Medical University Second Hospital, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Disease, Shanxi Medical University Second Hospital, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xueqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Disease, Shanxi Medical University Second Hospital, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huanhu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality*; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality*; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C501966:CLIC1 protein, human; D018118:Chloride Channels