title: Gastrointestinal Spatiotemporal mRNA Expression of Ghrelin vs Growth Hormone Receptor and New Growth Yield Machine Learning Model Based on Perturbation Theory.
abstract: The management of ruminant growth yield has economic importance. The current work presents a study of the spatiotemporal dynamic expression of Ghrelin and GHR at mRNA levels throughout the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of kid goats under housing and grazing systems. The experiments show that the feeding system and age affected the expression of either Ghrelin or GHR with different mechanisms. Furthermore, the experimental data are used to build new Machine Learning models based on the Perturbation Theory, which can predict the effects of perturbations of Ghrelin and GHR mRNA expression on the growth yield. The models consider eight longitudinal GIT segments (rumen, abomasum, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon and rectum), seven time points (0, 7, 14, 28, 42, 56 and 70 d) and two feeding systems (Supplemental and Grazing feeding) as perturbations from the expected values of the growth yield. The best regression model was obtained using Random Forest, with the coefficient of determination R(2) of 0.781 for the test subset. The current results indicate that the non-linear regression model can accurately predict the growth yield and the key nodes during gastrointestinal development, which is helpful to optimize the feeding management strategies in ruminant production system.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock &Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changsha, Hunan, 410125, P. R. China.|Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ran
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock &Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changsha, Hunan, 410125, P. R. China.|RNASA, Computer Sciences Faculty, University of A Coruna, Campus de Elviña s/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock &Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changsha, Hunan, 410125, P. R. China.|Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Hengzhi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock &Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changsha, Hunan, 410125, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Shaoxun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock &Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changsha, Hunan, 410125, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhixiong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: RNASA, Computer Sciences Faculty, University of A Coruna, Campus de Elviña s/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristian R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Munteanu
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic Chemistry II, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain.|IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011, Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Humberto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: González-Díaz
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock &Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changsha, Hunan, 410125, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhiliang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock &Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changsha, Hunan, 410125, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Chuanshe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000018:Abomasum / Q000378:metabolism; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006041:Goats / Q000378:metabolism; D000069550:Machine Learning; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin