title: [Rigid cystoscopy versus retrovision for adjustable peri-urethral balloons guidance: Comparison of precision thanks to a surgical navigation system].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The main goal of our phantom study was to compare the precision of adjustable periurethral balloons positioning depending whether the guidance was obtained by retrovision or rigid cystoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A navigation guidance system was used to localize the introduction mandrel which was equipped with tracking targets. Two ideal sites of implantation were predefined and recorded into the navigation system. The two points were placed symmetrically to the phantom reproducing the urethra. Four different users were asked to position the tip of the introduction mandrel as close as possible to the ideal site of implantation with the help of each method of guidance. For each attempt, the distance (mm) between the tip of the introduction mandrel and the ideal position was recorded by the navigation system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For each method of guidance, a total of 20 attempts on each side were made by direct puncture on one side and a symmetrical contralateral puncture. For direct puncture, the median distances were 5.20 (±3.96) and 4.38 (±1.55) mm with rigid cystoscopy and retrovision respectively (P=0.29). For symmetrical contralateral puncture, the median distance were 7,19 (±3,78) and 6,86 (±2,76) mm with rigid cystoscopy and retrovision respectively (P=0,32) CONCLUSION: This study could not demonstrate any significant difference between the two guidance systems. Nevertheless, it showed that navigation guidance system could be used to compare the precision of surgical interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  4.
authors.affiliation: Service d'urologie et andrologie, CHU de Nîmes, place du Professeur-Debré, 30029 Nîmes cedex 09, France; Laboratoire TIMC-IMAG (techniques de l'ingénierie médicale et de la complexité-informatique, mathématiques et applications-Grenoble), unité mixte de recherche CNRS 5525, domaine de la Merci, 38700 Grenoble, France. Electronic address: armand.chevrot@hotmail.fr.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chevrot
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire TIMC-IMAG (techniques de l'ingénierie médicale et de la complexité-informatique, mathématiques et applications-Grenoble), unité mixte de recherche CNRS 5525, domaine de la Merci, 38700 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jaffard
authors.affiliation: Centre d'investigation clinique, innovation technologique (CIC-IT) centre hospitalier de Grenoble, domaine de la Merci, 38700 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Medici
authors.affiliation: Service d'urologie et andrologie, CHU de Nîmes, place du Professeur-Debré, 30029 Nîmes cedex 09, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Service d'urologie et andrologie, CHU de Nîmes, place du Professeur-Debré, 30029 Nîmes cedex 09, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire TIMC-IMAG (techniques de l'ingénierie médicale et de la complexité-informatique, mathématiques et applications-Grenoble), unité mixte de recherche CNRS 5525, domaine de la Merci, 38700 Grenoble, France; Centre d'investigation clinique, innovation technologique (CIC-IT) centre hospitalier de Grenoble, domaine de la Merci, 38700 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moreau-Gaudry
authors.affiliation: Service d'urologie et andrologie, CHU de Nîmes, place du Professeur-Debré, 30029 Nîmes cedex 09, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Droupy
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire TIMC-IMAG (techniques de l'ingénierie médicale et de la complexité-informatique, mathématiques et applications-Grenoble), unité mixte de recherche CNRS 5525, domaine de la Merci, 38700 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Voros
mesh_terms: D020684:Cystoscopes; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D014521:Urethra
keywords: Adjustable continence therapy; Ballonnets ajustable; Comparative study; Incontinence urinaire; Navigation chirurgicale; Phantom study; Retrovision; Rétro-vision; Surgical navigation; Urinary incontinence; Étude comparative; Étude sur fantôme