title: Hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence pattern following liver transplantation and a suggested surveillance algorithm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to evaluate the recurrence pattern of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following liver transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 54 patients underwent liver transplantation for HCC; 9 patients developed biopsy-proven recurrent HCC (16.6%). The site of HCC recurrence along with other factors was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven patients were diagnosed with HCC prior to liver transplantation and 2 patients had incidental HCC in the explanted liver. Two patients had locoregional recurrence, 4 patients had distant metastasis, and 3 patients had synchronous locoregional recurrence and distant metastasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant proportion of HCC recurrence following liver transplantation is extrahepatic.
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655. Electronic address: scortegagnajunior@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scortegagna
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655.
authors.forename: Adib R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Karam
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology Department, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655.
authors.forename: Shirin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sioshansi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655.
authors.forename: Adel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bozorgzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655.
authors.forename: Curtis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655.
authors.forename: Sarwat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hussain
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033162:Incidental Findings; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: HCC; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Liver transplantation; Metastasis; Surveillance