title: T4 Phage Tail Adhesin Gp12 Counteracts LPS-Induced Inflammation In Vivo.
abstract: Bacteriophages that infect Gram-negative bacteria often bind to the bacterial surface by interaction of specific proteins with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Short tail fiber proteins (tail adhesin, gp12) mediate adsorption of T4-like bacteriophages to Escherichia coli, binding surface proteins or LPS. Produced as a recombinant protein, gp12 retains its ability to bind LPS. Since LPS is able to exert a major impact on the immune response in animals and in humans, we have tested LPS-binding phage protein gp12 as a potential modulator of the LPS-induced immune response. We have produced tail adhesin gp12 in a bacterial expression system and confirmed its ability to form trimers and to bind LPS in vitro by dynamic light scattering. This product had no negative effect on mammalian cell proliferation in vitro. Further, no harmful effects of this protein were observed in mice. Thus, gp12 was used in combination with LPS in a murine model, and it decreased the inflammatory response to LPS in vivo, as assessed by serum levels of cytokines IL-1 alpha and IL-6 and by histopathological analysis of spleen, liver, kidney and lungs. Thus, in future studies gp12 may be considered as a potential tool for modulating and specifically for counteracting LPS-related physiological effects in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Miernikiewicz
authors.affiliation: Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kłopot
authors.affiliation: Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Ryszard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Soluch
authors.affiliation: Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Szkuta
authors.affiliation: Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Weronika
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kęska
authors.affiliation: Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hodyra-Stefaniak
authors.affiliation: Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Konopka
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathomorphology and Veterinary Forensics, Department of Pathology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.affiliation: Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lecion
authors.affiliation: Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Zuzanna
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kaźmierczak
authors.affiliation: Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Majewska
authors.affiliation: Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harhala
authors.affiliation: Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Górski
authors.affiliation: Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Krystyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dąbrowska
keywords: LPS; T4 phage; gp12; inflammation; lipopolysaccharide; short tail fibers