title: Multi-parametric surface plasmon resonance platform for studying liposome-serum interactions and protein corona formation.
abstract: When nanocarriers are administered into the blood circulation, a complex biomolecular layer known as the "protein corona" associates with their surface. Although the drivers of corona formation are not known, it is widely accepted that this layer mediates biological interactions of the nanocarrier with its surroundings. Label-free optical methods can be used to study protein corona formation without interfering with its dynamics. We demonstrate the proof-of-concept for a multi-parametric surface plasmon resonance (MP-SPR) technique in monitoring the formation of a protein corona on surface-immobilized liposomes subjected to flowing 100 % human serum. We observed the formation of formulation-dependent "hard" and "soft" coronas with distinct refractive indices, layer thicknesses, and surface mass densities. MP-SPR was also employed to determine the affinity (KD) of a complement system molecule (C3b) with cationic liposomes with and without polyethylene glycol. Tendency to create a thick corona correlated with a higher affinity of opsonin C3b for the surface. The label-free platform provides a fast and robust preclinical tool for tuning nanocarrier surface architecture and composition to control protein corona formation.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Drug Research and Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Otto K
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Kari
authors.affiliation: Centre for Drug Research and Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Tatu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rojalin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salmaso
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barattin
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Immunobiology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, and HUSLAB, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Haartmaninkatu 3, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jarva
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Immunobiology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, and HUSLAB, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Haartmaninkatu 3, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Seppo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meri
authors.affiliation: Centre for Drug Research and Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.|Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Marjo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yliperttula
authors.affiliation: Centre for Drug Research and Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland. tapani.viitala@helsinki.fi.
authors.forename: Tapani
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Viitala
authors.affiliation: Centre for Drug Research and Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.|School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Arto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Urtti
mesh_terms: D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000737:chemistry; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry*; D009895:Opsonin Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D000066970:Protein Corona / Q000737:chemistry*; D044967:Serum / Q000737:chemistry*; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D008081:Liposomes; D009895:Opsonin Proteins; D000066970:Protein Corona; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D004317:Doxorubicin
keywords: Complement system; Liposome; Multi-parametric surface plasmon resonance (MP-SPR); Opsonin; Protein corona; Soft corona