title: Antibiotic-loaded bone void filler accelerates healing in a femoral condylar rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Demineralised bone matrix (DBM) is rarely used for the local delivery of prophylactic antibiotics. Our aim, in this study, was to show that a graft with a bioactive glass and DBM combination, which is currently available for clinical use, can be loaded with tobramycin and release levels of antibiotic greater than the minimum inhibitory concentration for Staphylococcus aureus without interfering with the bone healing properties of the graft, thus protecting the graft and surrounding tissues from infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antibiotic was loaded into a graft and subsequently evaluated for drug elution kinetics and the inhibition of bacterial growth. A rat femoral condylar plug model was used to determine the effect of the graft, loaded with antibiotic, on bone healing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that tobramycin loaded into a graft composed of bioglass and DBM eluted antibiotic above the minimum inhibitory concentration for three days in vitro. It was also found that the antibiotic loaded into the graft produced no adverse effects on the bone healing properties of the DBM at a lower level of antibiotic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This antibiotic-loaded bone void filler may represent a promising option for the delivery of local antibiotics in orthopaedic surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1126-31.
authors.affiliation: United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, Bldg 3611, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, Texas, 78234, USA.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Shiels
authors.affiliation: Nanotherapeutics Inc., 13859 Progress Blvd., Alachua, FL 32615, USA.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Cobb
authors.affiliation: United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, Bldg 3611, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, Texas, 78234, USA.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Bedigrew
authors.affiliation: Nanotherapeutics Inc., 13859 Progress Blvd., Alachua, FL 32615, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ritter
authors.affiliation: Nanotherapeutics Inc., 13859 Progress Blvd., Alachua, FL 32615, USA.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.affiliation: Nanotherapeutics Inc., 13859 Progress Blvd., Alachua, FL 32615, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kimbler
authors.affiliation: Nanotherapeutics Inc., 13859 Progress Blvd., Alachua, FL 32615, USA.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Finger Baker
authors.affiliation: United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, Bldg 3611, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, Texas, 78234, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wenke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018775:Bone Demineralization Technique; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000503:physiopathology; D005269:Femur / Q000601:surgery; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000187:drug effects*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011923:Rats, Nude; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus; D014031:Tobramycin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014031:Tobramycin
keywords: Antibiotic; Bioactive glass; Demineralised bone matrix; Osteomyelitis; Staphylococcus aureus