title: Maternal correlates of young children's physical activity across periods of the day.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Associations between maternal correlates and young children's physical activity levels across the whole day and the segmented day were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study METHODS: Participants were 136 mothers and their 1-3 year old children recruited between July 2013 and March 2014. Mothers reported time spent providing physical activity opportunities for their child, co-participating in and modelling physical activity and sedentary behaviours during the morning, afternoon and evening. Participants wore ActiGraph GT3X (mothers) and GT3X+ (children) accelerometers concurrently for seven consecutive days and the time spent in light- (LPA), moderate- to vigorous- (MVPA) and total (LMVPA) physical activity were assessed. Two-level (family; recruitment group) multivariate models examined associations between maternal correlates (including maternal objectively-assessed sedentary time [ST] and physical activity) and children's physical activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maternal self-reported co-participation in sedentary behaviour and provision of child opportunities for physical activity were associated with children's physical activity; associations varied by period and physical activity intensity. During the morning period, mothers' objectively assessed ST was negatively associated with children's MVPA and LMVPA while her LPA was positively associated with children's LPA, MVPA and LMVPA. Mothers' MVPA was negatively associated with children's LPA and LMVPA during the evening period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal correlates of young children's physical activity may be period- and intensity-specific. Programmes promoting physical activity for families may need to consider incorporating strategies to reduce mother-child co-participation in sedentary behaviour, increase mothers' provision of opportunities to be active and increase mothers' own LPA over ST during certain periods of the day.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity & Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Australia; School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Australia. Electronic address: j.hnatiuk@westernsydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Jill A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hnatiuk
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity & Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Australia.
authors.forename: Nicola D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Ridgers
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity & Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Australia.
authors.forename: Jo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity & Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Australia.
authors.forename: Kylie D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Hesketh
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry; D002652:Child Behavior; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D057566:Self Report
keywords: Child; Infant; Mother–child relations; Motor activity; Preschool