title: Temperament and Character Profile in Failed Back Surgery Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Clinical Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Some psychometric properties may predict the development of failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). The aim of this study was to determine the pain, disability, and depression severity in patients diagnosed with FBSS, and to determine the temperament and character subgroups in comparison with control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight patients diagnosed with FBSS, and 35 patients with favourable outcome after lumbar spinal surgery were included to the study. Pain intensity, disability, depression scores, temperament and character profile were determined by the visual analogue scale (VAS), Roland Morris Disability Index, Beck Depression Inventory, and Temperament and Character Inventory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain intensity, disability, and depression scores were higher in the FBSS group (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between temperament and character subgroups between study groups except one of the temperament subgroup, reward dependence (p=0.05). There was a negative correlation between self-directedness and leg pain severity in the FBSS group (p=0.01, r=-0.400).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No significant differences were found between the FBSS and control groups with respect to temperament and character profile but FBSS was the cause of severe pain, disability, and higher depression scores. This group of patients must therefore be evaluated psychiatrically and should also be subjected to a clinical examination, and they should be managed using a multidisciplinary approach.
authors.affiliation: Izmir Bozyaka Education and Research Hospital, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Seniz Akcay
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Yalbuzdag
authors.forename: Asiye Mukaddes
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Erol
authors.forename: Ilker
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sengul
authors.forename: Canan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: Sezin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Solum
authors.forename: Huseyin Utku
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Adilay
authors.forename: Buket
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gungor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002605:Character; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D055111:Failed Back Surgery Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011594:Psychometrics; D013694:Temperament