title: Outcome of orthograde endodontic retreatment--A two-year follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endodontic retreatment is a complex intervention that requires detailed analysis of possible reasons for failure, and flawless practical execution of the procedure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to assess the outcome of endodontic retreatment based on clinical and radiographic criteria after a two-year observation period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical study included 49 teeth indicated for endodontic retreatment based on periapical index (PAI). All teeth were divided into two groups. Group I comprised teeth without any periapical lesion (PAI score of 1 and 2) while Group II consisted of teeth with visible periapical radiolucency (PAI score of 3, 4, and 5). Endodontic retreatment was completed in two visits with inter-appointment medication of 2% chlorhexidine and calcium hydroxide for two weeks. Outcome of endodontic retreatment was evaluated 12-24 months after final obturation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endodontic retreatment was successful in 93.3% in Group I after 24 months. In Group II, successful treatment and complete healing was found in 52.9% of teeth, whereas 14.7% of teeth showed only partial healing. However, clinical symptomatology was not present in any of the cases. Considering the absence of clinical signs and subjective symptoms, retreatment was successful in 67.6% of cases where chronic periapical inflammation was present.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endodontic retreatment was successful in high percentage in teeth with and without periapical lesions.
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nesković
authors.forename: Slavoljub
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zivković
authors.forename: Milica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Medojević
authors.forename: Milos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maksimović
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010485:Periapical Periodontitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D011859:Radiography; D019233:Retreatment; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D001843:Bone Cements; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D002710:Chlorhexidine