title: Stable isotope composition of cocoa beans of different geographical origin.
abstract: The isotopic profile (δ(13) C, δ(15) N, δ(18) O, δ(2) H, δ(34) S) was used to characterise a wide selection of cocoa beans from different renowned production areas (Africa, Asia, Central and South America). The factors most influencing the isotopic signatures of cocoa beans were climate and altitude for δ(13) C and the isotopic composition of precipitation water for δ(18) O and δ(2) H, whereas δ(15) N and δ(34) S were primarily affected by geology and fertilisation practises. Multi-isotopic analysis was shown to be sufficiently effective in determining the geographical origin of cocoa beans, and combining it with Canonical Discriminant Analysis led to more than 80% of samples being correctly reclassified. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach, 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy. matteo.perini@fmach.it.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perini
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach, 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
authors.forename: Luana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bontempo
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach, 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ziller
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach, 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barbero
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 59A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Augusta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caligiani
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach, 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Camin
mesh_terms: D002099:Cacao / Q000737:chemistry*; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D002980:Climate; D005843:Geography; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010103:Oxygen Isotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D010103:Oxygen Isotopes
keywords: IRMS; cocoa bean; geographical origin; stable isotope; traceability