title: How Structured Is the Entangled Bank? The Surprisingly Simple Organization of Multiplex Ecological Networks Leads to Increased Persistence and Resilience.
abstract: Species are linked to each other by a myriad of positive and negative interactions. This complex spectrum of interactions constitutes a network of links that mediates ecological communities' response to perturbations, such as exploitation and climate change. In the last decades, there have been great advances in the study of intricate ecological networks. We have, nonetheless, lacked both the data and the tools to more rigorously understand the patterning of multiple interaction types between species (i.e., "multiplex networks"), as well as their consequences for community dynamics. Using network statistical modeling applied to a comprehensive ecological network, which includes trophic and diverse non-trophic links, we provide a first glimpse at what the full "entangled bank" of species looks like. The community exhibits clear multidimensional structure, which is taxonomically coherent and broadly predictable from species traits. Moreover, dynamic simulations suggest that this non-random patterning of how diverse non-trophic interactions map onto the food web could allow for higher species persistence and higher total biomass than expected by chance and tends to promote a higher robustness to extinctions.
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, BioDICée team, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, CC 065, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kéfi
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, CNRS, UMR5558, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Miele
authors.affiliation: Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas (ECIM), Center for Marine Conservation, LINC-Global, Chile.
authors.forename: Evie A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Wieters
authors.affiliation: Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas (ECIM), Center for Marine Conservation, LINC-Global, Chile.|Center for Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Sergio A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Navarrete
authors.affiliation: Vibrant Data Inc., San Francisco, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Eric L
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6941-3549
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Berlow
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D058448:Biota / Q000502:physiology*; D057231:Climate Change; D004463:Ecology; D017753:Ecosystem; D020387:Food Chain; D008386:Marine Biology; D008954:Models, Biological; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012623:Seawater; D013045:Species Specificity