title: Exposure science in an age of rapidly changing climate: challenges and opportunities.
abstract: Climate change is anticipated to alter the production, use, release, and fate of environmental chemicals, likely leading to increased uncertainty in exposure and human health risk predictions. Exposure science provides a key connection between changes in climate and associated health outcomes. The theme of the 2015 Annual Meeting of the International Society of Exposure Science-Exposures in an Evolving Environment-brought this issue to the fore. By directing attention to questions that may affect society in profound ways, exposure scientists have an opportunity to conduct "consequential science"-doing science that matters, using our tools for the greater good and to answer key policy questions, and identifying causes leading to implementation of solutions. Understanding the implications of changing exposures on public health may be one of the most consequential areas of study in which exposure scientists could currently be engaged. In this paper, we use a series of case studies to identify exposure data gaps and research paths that will enable us to capture the information necessary for understanding climate change-related human exposures and consequent health impacts. We hope that paper will focus attention on under-developed areas of exposure science that will likely have broad implications for public health.
authors.affiliation: LaKind Associates, LLC, 106 Oakdale Avenue, Catonsville, MD 21228, USA.|Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.|Department of Pediatrics, Hershey Medical Center, Penn State U College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
authors.forename: Judy S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: LaKind
authors.affiliation: Institute of the Environment, University of Arizona, ENR2 Building, Room N523, 1064 East Lowell Street, PO Box 210137, Tucson, AZ 85721-0137, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Overpeck
authors.affiliation: National Center for Environmental Health/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, MS-F60, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Breysse
authors.affiliation: National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, MS-F60 Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
authors.forename: Lorrie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Backer
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, JM Palms Center for GSR, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
authors.forename: Susan D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.affiliation: National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Mail Code: E205-04, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sobus
authors.affiliation: Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sapkota
authors.affiliation: Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
authors.forename: Crystal R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Upperman
authors.affiliation: Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
authors.forename: Chengsheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop P-02, 3156 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA.
authors.forename: C Ben
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Beard
authors.affiliation: Waterborne Diseases Prevention Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop C-09, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Brunkard
authors.affiliation: Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-NC, North Carolina State University, 151 Patton Avenue, Asheville, NC 28801, USA.
authors.forename: Jesse E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.affiliation: USAF, 14th Weather Squadron (DoD Applied Climate Services), Asheville, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: Armed Forces Health Surveillance Branch, Defense Health Agency, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Chretien
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 149 Goessmann Laboratory, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Peltier
authors.affiliation: Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch, Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, MS-F60, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
authors.forename: Ginger L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Chew
authors.affiliation: Tobacco and Volatiles Branch of the Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, MS F47, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Blount
mesh_terms: D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D057231:Climate Change; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D006077:Government Agencies; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D011634:Public Health; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014481:United States