title: Prophylactic meshes in the abdominal wall.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a high incidence of incisional hernias in specific high-risk patient populations. For these patients, the prophylactic placement of mesh during closure of the abdominal wall incision has been investigated in several prospective studies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This article aims to summarize and synthetize the currently available evidence on prophylactic meshes in a narrative review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic reviews were performed on the use of prophylactic meshes in different indications: midline laparotomies, stoma reversal wounds, and permanent stoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High-quality data from randomized trials shows that prophylactic synthetic non-absorbable mesh implantation is safe and effective, both in prevention of incisional hernias after midline laparotomies and during construction of an elective end colostomy. It should be considered in patients with a high risk for incisional hernia development, such as those receiving open abdominal aortic aneurysm, obesity, or colorectal cancer surgery. It is strongly recommended for construction of an elective permanent end colostomy. For midline laparotomies, both the retromuscular and onlay positions of a prophylactic mesh seem equally effective and safe. For parastomal hernia prevention, only the retromuscular prophylactic mesh and its use for end colostomies has been proven to be effective and safe. No data support the choice of a biological mesh or a synthetic absorbable mesh over a non-absorbable synthetic mesh, even in clean-contaminated surgical procedures. No data yet support the standard use of prophylactic mesh when closing the wound during closure of a temporary stoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prophylactic mesh implantation should be standard of care during construction of an elective end colostomy and will become standard of care for midline laparotomies in patients at a high risk of incisional hernias.
authors.affiliation: Department for General, Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, AZ Maria Middelares Dienst Algemene Heelkunde, Buitenring Sint-Denijs 30, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. filip.muysoms@azmmsj.be.
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Muysoms
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Strasse 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: U A
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Dietz
mesh_terms: D034861:Abdominal Wall / Q000601:surgery*; D058107:Abdominal Wound Closure Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003125:Colostomy / Q000295:instrumentation; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D000069290:Incisional Hernia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000295:instrumentation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013526:Surgical Mesh
keywords: Colostomy; Incisional hernia; Laparotomy; Prevention; Risk factors