title: [6]-Shogaol, a dietary phenolic compound, induces oxidative stress mediated mitochondrial dependant apoptosis through activation of proapoptotic factors in Hep-2 cells.
abstract: Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a well-known herb used in ethnomedicine. [6]-shogaol, a phenolic nature is a major constituent of ginger. In this study, we investigated the anticancer activity of [6]-shogaol in Laryngeal cancer (Hep-2) cells. We demonstrated the effects of [6]-shogaol on the cell growth and apoptosis in Hep-2 cells were analyzed by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the level of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔYm), DNA damage and apoptotic morphological changes were analyzed by AO/EtBr, AO and Hoechst staining. Further, apoptotic protein expressions were analyzed by western blot analysis. Our results indicated that [6]-shogaol induces apoptosis as evidenced by loss of cell viability, enhanced ROS, lipid peroxidation results in altered mitochondrial membrane potential, increased DNA damage in Hep-2 cells. Further, the prooxidant role of [6]-shogaol inhibit Bcl-2 expression with the simultaneous up-regulation of Bax, Cytochrome c, Caspase-9 and -3 protein expressions were observed in Hep-2 cells. Thus, [6]-shogaol induces apoptosis in Hep-2 cells through inducing oxidative damage and modulate apoptotic marker expressions. Therefore, [6]-shogaol might be used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of laryngeal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Govindhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Annamalai
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: suraj_cks@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kathiresan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Annnamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Nagappan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kannappan
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002396:Catechols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D004032:Diet; D006801:Humans; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002396:Catechols; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D010636:Phenols; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C040115:shogaol; D020169:Caspases
keywords: Apoptosis; Cytotoxicity; Lipid-peroxidation; Oxidative stress; Prooxidants; [6]-shogaol