title: In vivo evaluation of mutagenic and recombinagenic activities of Brazilian propolis.
abstract: Propolis is a resinous, complex mixture of compounds collected by the bee species Apis mellifera. This study investigated the genotoxicity of green and brown propolis collected in southeast Brazil using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster. The effect of five concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 7.5 mg/mL) of both propolis types was analyzed in standard (ST) and high-bioactivation (HB) crosses, which have normal and high levels of cytochrome P450 enzymes, respectively. The results show that the types of propolis evaluated have no mutagenic action, in either cross. Moreover, chromatography findings revealed that the propolis types analyzed have different chemical compositions. Brown propolis had lower levels of polyphenols (∼7.2 mg/mL), compared to the green type (34.9 mg/g). Taken together, the findings of the present study and literature reports point to the safety in consuming low amounts of propolis, considering the risk of genetic damage, and confirm the absence of mutagenic and recombinagenic actions of the propolis types investigated.
authors.affiliation: PPG em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBIOSAÚDE), Universidade Luterana do Brasil, ULBRA, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carmem Regine Faleiro
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: PPG em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBIOSAÚDE), Universidade Luterana do Brasil, ULBRA, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana Ciarelli
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Plentz
authors.affiliation: Universidade Bandeirante de São Paulo (UNIBAN), Pós-graduação em Farmácia, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Marcucci
authors.affiliation: PPG em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBIOSAÚDE), Universidade Luterana do Brasil, ULBRA, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael Rodrigues
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Dihl
authors.affiliation: PPG em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBIOSAÚDE), Universidade Luterana do Brasil, ULBRA, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address: mauriciol@ulbra.br.
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lehmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D001516:Bees / Q000737:chemistry; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D011429:Propolis / Q000633:toxicity*; D011995:Recombination, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D014921:Wings, Animal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D009153:Mutagens; D011429:Propolis
keywords: Artepillin C; CYP450 enzymes; Drosophila melanogaster; Mutation; Somatic recombination