title: Untreated, Uncontrolled, and Apparent Resistant Hypertension: Results of the German Health Examination Survey 2008-2011.
abstract: The prevalence and associated factors of untreated, uncontrolled, and apparent-resistant hypertension (RH) in Germany are unknown. Based on European Society of Hypertension criteria, apparent RH was defined as blood pressure (BP) ≥140/90 mm Hg (≥140/85 mm Hg in diabetics) under treatment with three different classes of antihypertensive agents including a diuretic. Data from the German Health Examination Survey (2008-2011; n=7115, age 18-79 years) including standardized BP measurements and Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical-coded taken medications were analyzed. Among patients aware of their hypertensive status (n=2205), 37.9% were uncontrolled and, among those, 33.4% were untreated. Being aware and having untreated and uncontrolled BP was associated with male sex, young age, not having cardiovascular disease, not performing BP self-measurement, not being obese, and not smoking. Apparent RH occurred in 6.8% of treated aware hypertensive patients and was positively associated with having diabetes. The proportion of uncontrolled BP is still high. Not having "obvious risk factors" has become a risk itself for having untreated and uncontrolled hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany. sarganas-margolisg@rki.de.|DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany. sarganas-margolisg@rki.de.
authors.forename: Giselle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sarganas
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.|DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Hannelore K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Neuhauser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000145:classification* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000379:methods; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents