title: Serum indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase and tryptophan and kynurenine ratio using the UPLC-MS/MS method, in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, and kidney transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The level and activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and the concentrations of L-tryptophan and its metabolite L-kynurenine were determined in association with various renal diseases. However, there have been no data regarding these parameters in patients on peritoneal dialysis compared to those undergoing hemodialysis or kidney transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study investigated the level and activity of IDO and determined oxidative balance by calculating the total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and oxidative stress index (OSI). We enrolled 60 kidney disease patients, including 20 on peritoneal dialysis (PD group), 19 on hemodialysis (HD group), and 21 with kidney transplantation (KT group), as well as 21 control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IDO levels were increased in the PD, HD, and KT groups compared to the control group. The concentration of kynurenine was significantly increased in the PD group compared to the other groups (p < 0.01). The kynurenine/tryptophan ratio was increased in the PD group compared to the other groups (all p < 0.01). TAS levels in the PD and HD groups were significantly decreased compared to the control group (both p < 0.05). TAS levels in the PD group were significantly decreased compared to the KT group. TOS levels in the PD group were higher than in the HD and KT groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed that IDO levels were increased in peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients and in renal transplant recipients, while oxidative stress was found to be related to IDO activity and was most increased in the patients on peritoneal dialysis.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty , Mugla Sitki Kocman University , Mugla , Turkey ;
authors.forename: Nigar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: b Department of Biochemistry , Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital , Bursa , Turkey ;
authors.forename: Yasemin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ustundag
authors.affiliation: c Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences , Mugla Sitki Kocman University , Mugla , Turkey ;
authors.forename: Seyda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kivrak
authors.affiliation: d Department of Nephrology , Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital , Bursa , Turkey ;
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kahvecioglu
authors.affiliation: e Department of Nephrology and Organ Transplantation , Acibadem Hospital , Bursa , Turkey ;
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.affiliation: f Department of Chemistry and Chemical Treatment Techniques, Mugla Vocational School of Higher Education , Mugla Sitki Kocman University , Mugla , Turkey.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kivrak
authors.affiliation: b Department of Biochemistry , Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital , Bursa , Turkey ;
authors.forename: Kağan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huysal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / Q000097:blood*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D007737:Kynurenine / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000097:blood*; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; D007737:Kynurenine; D014364:Tryptophan
keywords: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; TAS; TOS; hemodialysis; kidney transplantation; kynurenine; piriton dialysis; tryptophan