title: Sclareol isolated from Salvia officinalis improves facial wrinkles via an antiphotoaging mechanism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation triggers skin photoaging processes, which disrupt the normal three-dimensional integrity of skin. UV-induced oxidative stress, both directly and indirectly, stimulates complex signaling pathways. UV radiation activates skin cell surface receptors on a molecular level and triggers severe changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, resulting in skin photoaging.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Sclareol isolated from Salvia officinalis is widely used as a fragrance material. Sclareol is known to exert various biological activities, but its antiphotoaging effect has not been elucidated to date. Therefore, we evaluated wrinkle improvement efficacy of sclareol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human dermal fibroblast cell line (Hs68) and a reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) model were used to evaluate the antiphotoaging effect of sclareol in vitro. A clinical study treated with 0.02% sclareol-containing cream was conducted to identify the ability of sclareol to improve wrinkles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  First, sclareol enhanced cellular proliferation and blocked UVB-induced cell death. Sclareol inhibited the UVB-induced mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) by regulating the protein expression of AP-1 constituents. In RHE model, sclareol recovered the UVB-induced decrease in epidermal thickness and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). In clinical trial, visually assessed changes and several wrinkle parameters were considered to be statistically different between the test and control groups at 12 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, sclareol inhibited various photoaging phenomena in human fibroblasts and RHE model. In addition, sclareol-containing cream improved wrinkles in a clinical trial. Taken together, sclareol alleviates facial wrinkle formation via an antiphotoaging mechanism and may be an effective candidate ingredient.
authors.affiliation: COSMAX R&I Center, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: COSMAX R&I Center, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Eun
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Jeju Island, Korea.
authors.forename: Eunsun
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: COSMAX R&I Center, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Seunghyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: COSMAX R&I Center, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Youn Joon
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004817:Epidermis / Q000187:drug effects; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D027543:Salvia officinalis; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects*; D063465:Skin Cream / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D004224:Diterpenes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; C070760:sclareol; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases
keywords: facial lines; fibroblast; photoaging; sclareol; skin equivalent