title: Glycyrrhizic acid prevents astrocyte death by neuromyelitis optica-specific IgG via inhibition of C1q binding.
abstract: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and is mediated by complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) of NMO-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies (NMO-IgG). Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) has numerous pharmacological effects including inhibition of the complement pathway. We aimed to study the influence of GA on NMO-IgG-induced CDC. NMO-IgG samples from 7 patients with NMO, together with human complement, induced CDC in an aquaporin 4 M23-overexpressing glial cell line, an in vitro NMO model. GA attenuated NMO-IgG-induced CDC in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanism of the GA-related CDC inhibition was sequentially dissected and found to involve inhibition of C1q binding to NMO-IgG. Consequently, GA attenuates NMO-IgG-induced CDC and may be a promising novel therapeutic agent against NMO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Sun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soyoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheon
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Inha University School of Medicine, Inchon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Boram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Heejaung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Convergence Research Center for Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kdpark@kist.re.kr.
authors.forename: Ki Duk
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: sueh916@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sung-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015922:Complement C1q / Q000276:immunology*; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009471:Neuromyelitis Optica / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid; D015922:Complement C1q
keywords: Complement dependent cytotoxicity; Glycyrrhizic acid; Neuromyelitis optica