title: High-dose influenza vaccine favors acute plasmablast responses rather than long-term cellular responses.
abstract: High-dose (HD) influenza vaccine shows improved relative efficacy against influenza disease compared to standard-dose (SD) vaccine in individuals ⩾65years. This has been partially credited to superior serological responses, but a comprehensive understanding of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) of HD vaccine remains lacking. In the current study, a total of 105 participants were randomly administered HD or SD vaccine and were evaluated for serological responses. Subsets of the group (n=12-26 per group) were evaluated for B and T cell responses at days 0, 7, 14 and 28 post-vaccination by flow cytometry or ELISPOT assay. HD vaccine elicited significantly higher hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers than SD vaccine at d28, but comparable titers at d365 post-vaccination. HD vaccine also elicited higher vaccine-specific plasmablast responses at d7 post-vaccination than SD vaccine. However, long-lived memory B cell induction, cytokine-secreting T cell responses and persistence of serological memory were comparable regardless of vaccine dose. More strategies other than increased Ag amount may be needed to improve CMI in older adults.
  
  
  
  ClinicalTrials.gov NCT 01189123.
authors.affiliation: Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
authors.forename: Jin Hyang
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University Medical Center, A2200 MCN, 1161 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Electronic address: Keipp.talbot@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: H Keipp
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Talbot
authors.affiliation: Batelle Memorial Institute, 2987 Clairmont Road, Suite 450, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mishina
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University Medical Center, A2200 MCN, 1161 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
authors.forename: Yuwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
authors.forename: Jufu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
authors.forename: Adrian J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Reber
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University Medical Center, A2200 MCN, 1161 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
authors.forename: Marie R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.affiliation: Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
authors.forename: David K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Shay
authors.affiliation: Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.affiliation: Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
authors.forename: Suryaprakash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sambhara
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D005260:Female; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D056724:Immunity, Humoral; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines
keywords: Cell-mediated immunity; High-dose influenza vaccine; Older adults; Plasmablast response