title: Dose reduction potential of iterative reconstruction algorithms in neck CTA-a simulation study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to determine the degree of radiation dose reduction in neck CT angiography (CTA) achievable with Sinogram-affirmed iterative reconstruction (SAFIRE) algorithms.
  
  
  METHODS
  10 consecutive patients scheduled for neck CTA were included in this study. CTA images of the external carotid arteries either were reconstructed with filtered back projection (FBP) at full radiation dose level or underwent simulated dose reduction by proprietary reconstruction software. The dose-reduced images were reconstructed using either SAFIRE 3 or SAFIRE 5 and compared with full-dose FBP images in terms of vessel definition. 5 observers performed a total of 3000 pairwise comparisons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SAFIRE allowed substantial radiation dose reductions in neck CTA while maintaining vessel definition. The possible levels of radiation dose reduction ranged from approximately 34 to approximately 90% and depended on the SAFIRE algorithm strength and the size of the vessel of interest. In general, larger vessels permitted higher degrees of radiation dose reduction, especially with higher SAFIRE strength levels. With small vessels, the superiority of SAFIRE 5 over SAFIRE 3 was lost.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neck CTA can be performed with substantially less radiation dose when SAFIRE is applied. The exact degree of radiation dose reduction should be adapted to the clinical question, in particular to the smallest vessel needing excellent definition.
authors.affiliation: 1 Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuernberg, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2737-5526
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ellmann
authors.affiliation: 1 Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuernberg, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ferdinand
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kammerer
authors.affiliation: 2 Siemens Healthineers GmbH, CT Division, Siemensstraße 1, Forchheim/Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Allmendinger
authors.affiliation: 1 Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuernberg, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brand
authors.affiliation: 1 Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuernberg, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Janka
authors.affiliation: 1 Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuernberg, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hammon
authors.affiliation: 3 Clinicum Nuernberg, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lell
authors.affiliation: 1 Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuernberg, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uder
authors.affiliation: 1 Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuernberg, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000072226:Computed Tomography Angiography; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011829:Radiation Dosage
keywords: CT, spiral; angiography; carotid artery, external; radiation dose