title: Modeling, Simulation, and Implementation of Solar-Driven Water-Splitting Devices.
abstract: An integrated cell for the solar-driven splitting of water consists of multiple functional components and couples various photoelectrochemical (PEC) processes at different length and time scales. The overall solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency of such a system depends on the performance and materials properties of the individual components as well as on the component integration, overall device architecture, and system operating conditions. This Review focuses on the modeling- and simulation-guided development and implementation of solar-driven water-splitting prototypes from a holistic viewpoint that explores the various interplays between the components. The underlying physics and interactions at the cell level is are reviewed and discussed, followed by an overview of the use of the cell model to provide target properties of materials and guide the design of a range of traditional and unique device architectures.
authors.affiliation: Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA. cxx@caltech.edu.
authors.forename: Chengxiang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA. azweber@lbl.gov.
authors.forename: Adam Z
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7749-1624
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California Irvine, USA.
authors.forename: Shane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ardo
authors.affiliation: Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., Allentown, USA.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.affiliation: Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
authors.forename: YiKai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coridan
authors.affiliation: Nanophotonics and Plasmonics Laboratory, Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, USA.
authors.forename: Katherine T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Fountaine
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Renewable Energy Science and Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Schweiz.
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haussener
authors.affiliation: Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.|Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, USA.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.|Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 210 Noyes Laboratory, 127-72, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA.
authors.forename: Nathan S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Schweiz.
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Modestino
authors.affiliation: Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.|Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 210 Noyes Laboratory, 127-72, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Shaner
authors.affiliation: Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.|Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
authors.forename: Meenesh R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.affiliation: Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.|Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 210 Noyes Laboratory, 127-72, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Walczak
keywords: device architecture; hydrogen; modeling; photoelectrochemistry; solar-driven water splitting