title: Consistent Reduction in Periprocedural Myocardial Infarction With Cangrelor as Assessed by Multiple Definitions: Findings From CHAMPION PHOENIX (Cangrelor Versus Standard Therapy to Achieve Optimal Management of Platelet Inhibition).
abstract: Cangrelor is an intravenous P2Y12 inhibitor approved to reduce periprocedural ischemic events in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention not pretreated with a P2Y12 inhibitor.
  
  
  
  A total of 11 145 patients were randomized to cangrelor or clopidogrel in the CHAMPION PHOENIX trial (Cangrelor versus Standard Therapy to Achieve Optimal Management of Platelet Inhibition). We explored the effects of cangrelor on myocardial infarction (MI) using different definitions and performed sensitivity analyses on the primary end point of the trial.
  
  
  
  A total of 462 patients (4.2%) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention had an MI as defined by the second universal definition. The majority of these MIs (n=433, 93.7%) were type 4a. Treatment with cangrelor reduced the incidence of MI at 48 hours (3.8% versus 4.7%; odds ratio [OR], 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67-0.97; P=0.02). When the Society of Coronary Angiography and Intervention definition of periprocedural MI was applied to potential ischemic events, there were fewer total MIs (n=134); however, the effects of cangrelor on MI remained significant (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.46-0.92; P=0.01). Similar effects were seen in the evaluation of the effects of cangrelor on MIs with peak creatinine kinase-MB ≥10 times the upper limit of normal (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.45-0.91) and those with peak creatinine kinase-MB ≥10 times the upper limit of normal, ischemic symptoms, or ECG changes (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.48-0.84). MIs defined by any of these definitions were associated with increased risk of death at 30 days. Treatment with cangrelor reduced the composite end point of death, MI (Society of Coronary Angiography and Intervention definition), ischemia-driven revascularization, or Academic Research Consortium definite stent thrombosis (1.4% versus 2.1%; OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.51-0.92).
  
  
  
  MI in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, regardless of definition, remains associated with increased risk of death in the current era. Cangrelor compared with clopidogrel significantly reduces MI regardless of the definition.
  
  
  
  URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01156571.
authors.affiliation: From University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (M.A.C.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.L.B.); Columbia University, New York, NY (G.W.S.); University of Auckland, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.); Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U-1148, DHU FIRE, Hópital Bichat, Assistance Publique-Hópitaux de Paris, Paris, France (P.G.S.); Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, National Lung and Heart Institute, Imperial College, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (P.G.S.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.M.G.); Kerckhoff Clinic and Thoraxcenter, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.W.H.); Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA (M.J.P.); UOC Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy (S.L.); The Medicines Company, Parsippany, NJ (J.P., E.N.D.); and Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M., R.A.H.).
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cavender
authors.affiliation: From University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (M.A.C.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.L.B.); Columbia University, New York, NY (G.W.S.); University of Auckland, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.); Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U-1148, DHU FIRE, Hópital Bichat, Assistance Publique-Hópitaux de Paris, Paris, France (P.G.S.); Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, National Lung and Heart Institute, Imperial College, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (P.G.S.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.M.G.); Kerckhoff Clinic and Thoraxcenter, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.W.H.); Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA (M.J.P.); UOC Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy (S.L.); The Medicines Company, Parsippany, NJ (J.P., E.N.D.); and Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M., R.A.H.). dlbhattmd@post.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Deepak L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bhatt
authors.affiliation: From University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (M.A.C.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.L.B.); Columbia University, New York, NY (G.W.S.); University of Auckland, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.); Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U-1148, DHU FIRE, Hópital Bichat, Assistance Publique-Hópitaux de Paris, Paris, France (P.G.S.); Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, National Lung and Heart Institute, Imperial College, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (P.G.S.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.M.G.); Kerckhoff Clinic and Thoraxcenter, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.W.H.); Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA (M.J.P.); UOC Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy (S.L.); The Medicines Company, Parsippany, NJ (J.P., E.N.D.); and Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M., R.A.H.).
authors.forename: Gregg W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.affiliation: From University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (M.A.C.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.L.B.); Columbia University, New York, NY (G.W.S.); University of Auckland, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.); Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U-1148, DHU FIRE, Hópital Bichat, Assistance Publique-Hópitaux de Paris, Paris, France (P.G.S.); Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, National Lung and Heart Institute, Imperial College, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (P.G.S.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.M.G.); Kerckhoff Clinic and Thoraxcenter, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.W.H.); Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA (M.J.P.); UOC Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy (S.L.); The Medicines Company, Parsippany, NJ (J.P., E.N.D.); and Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M., R.A.H.).
authors.forename: Harvey D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: From University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (M.A.C.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.L.B.); Columbia University, New York, NY (G.W.S.); University of Auckland, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.); Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U-1148, DHU FIRE, Hópital Bichat, Assistance Publique-Hópitaux de Paris, Paris, France (P.G.S.); Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, National Lung and Heart Institute, Imperial College, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (P.G.S.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.M.G.); Kerckhoff Clinic and Thoraxcenter, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.W.H.); Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA (M.J.P.); UOC Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy (S.L.); The Medicines Company, Parsippany, NJ (J.P., E.N.D.); and Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M., R.A.H.).
authors.forename: Ph Gabriel
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Steg
authors.affiliation: From University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (M.A.C.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.L.B.); Columbia University, New York, NY (G.W.S.); University of Auckland, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.); Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U-1148, DHU FIRE, Hópital Bichat, Assistance Publique-Hópitaux de Paris, Paris, France (P.G.S.); Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, National Lung and Heart Institute, Imperial College, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (P.G.S.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.M.G.); Kerckhoff Clinic and Thoraxcenter, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.W.H.); Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA (M.J.P.); UOC Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy (S.L.); The Medicines Company, Parsippany, NJ (J.P., E.N.D.); and Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M., R.A.H.).
authors.forename: C Michael
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.affiliation: From University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (M.A.C.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.L.B.); Columbia University, New York, NY (G.W.S.); University of Auckland, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.); Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U-1148, DHU FIRE, Hópital Bichat, Assistance Publique-Hópitaux de Paris, Paris, France (P.G.S.); Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, National Lung and Heart Institute, Imperial College, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (P.G.S.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.M.G.); Kerckhoff Clinic and Thoraxcenter, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.W.H.); Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA (M.J.P.); UOC Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy (S.L.); The Medicines Company, Parsippany, NJ (J.P., E.N.D.); and Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M., R.A.H.).
authors.forename: Christian W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hamm
authors.affiliation: From University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (M.A.C.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.L.B.); Columbia University, New York, NY (G.W.S.); University of Auckland, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.); Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U-1148, DHU FIRE, Hópital Bichat, Assistance Publique-Hópitaux de Paris, Paris, France (P.G.S.); Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, National Lung and Heart Institute, Imperial College, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (P.G.S.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.M.G.); Kerckhoff Clinic and Thoraxcenter, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.W.H.); Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA (M.J.P.); UOC Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy (S.L.); The Medicines Company, Parsippany, NJ (J.P., E.N.D.); and Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M., R.A.H.).
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Price
authors.affiliation: From University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (M.A.C.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.L.B.); Columbia University, New York, NY (G.W.S.); University of Auckland, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.); Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U-1148, DHU FIRE, Hópital Bichat, Assistance Publique-Hópitaux de Paris, Paris, France (P.G.S.); Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, National Lung and Heart Institute, Imperial College, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (P.G.S.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.M.G.); Kerckhoff Clinic and Thoraxcenter, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.W.H.); Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA (M.J.P.); UOC Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy (S.L.); The Medicines Company, Parsippany, NJ (J.P., E.N.D.); and Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M., R.A.H.).
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leonardi
authors.affiliation: From University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (M.A.C.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.L.B.); Columbia University, New York, NY (G.W.S.); University of Auckland, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.); Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U-1148, DHU FIRE, Hópital Bichat, Assistance Publique-Hópitaux de Paris, Paris, France (P.G.S.); Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, National Lung and Heart Institute, Imperial College, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (P.G.S.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.M.G.); Kerckhoff Clinic and Thoraxcenter, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.W.H.); Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA (M.J.P.); UOC Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy (S.L.); The Medicines Company, Parsippany, NJ (J.P., E.N.D.); and Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M., R.A.H.).
authors.forename: Jayne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prats
authors.affiliation: From University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (M.A.C.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.L.B.); Columbia University, New York, NY (G.W.S.); University of Auckland, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.); Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U-1148, DHU FIRE, Hópital Bichat, Assistance Publique-Hópitaux de Paris, Paris, France (P.G.S.); Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, National Lung and Heart Institute, Imperial College, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (P.G.S.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.M.G.); Kerckhoff Clinic and Thoraxcenter, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.W.H.); Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA (M.J.P.); UOC Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy (S.L.); The Medicines Company, Parsippany, NJ (J.P., E.N.D.); and Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M., R.A.H.).
authors.forename: Efthymios N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Deliargyris
authors.affiliation: From University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (M.A.C.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.L.B.); Columbia University, New York, NY (G.W.S.); University of Auckland, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.); Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U-1148, DHU FIRE, Hópital Bichat, Assistance Publique-Hópitaux de Paris, Paris, France (P.G.S.); Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, National Lung and Heart Institute, Imperial College, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (P.G.S.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.M.G.); Kerckhoff Clinic and Thoraxcenter, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.W.H.); Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA (M.J.P.); UOC Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy (S.L.); The Medicines Company, Parsippany, NJ (J.P., E.N.D.); and Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M., R.A.H.).
authors.forename: Kenneth W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Mahaffey
authors.affiliation: From University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (M.A.C.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.L.B.); Columbia University, New York, NY (G.W.S.); University of Auckland, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand (H.D.W.); Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U-1148, DHU FIRE, Hópital Bichat, Assistance Publique-Hópitaux de Paris, Paris, France (P.G.S.); Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, National Lung and Heart Institute, Imperial College, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (P.G.S.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.M.G.); Kerckhoff Clinic and Thoraxcenter, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.W.H.); Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA (M.J.P.); UOC Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy (S.L.); The Medicines Company, Parsippany, NJ (J.P., E.N.D.); and Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M., R.A.H.).
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Harrington
mesh_terms: D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000368:Aged; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D019468:Disease Management; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D058921:Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D058921:Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; C117446:cangrelor; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine
keywords: creatine kinase, MB form; myocardial infarction; percutaneous coronary intervention