title: Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Hypoxic Effect of Nitroimidazole Embedded Nanoparticles.
abstract: Adenylate cyclase is a key intracellular enzyme involved in energy imbalance leading to tumor hypoxia and cytotoxicity. In this study, adenylate cyclase activities in isolated hepatocytes and Kupffer cells were compared in the presence of several metabolic stimulators. In cultured hepatocyte cells, adenylate cyclase was stimulated by guanylyl imidotriphosphate (GITP), guanosine triphosphate (GTP), progesterone and nitroimidazole embedded nanoparticle (NNP) effectors, while prostaglandin E2 and F2α were used as effectors in cultured Kupffer cells. The results showed that NNPs decreased adenylate cyclase specific activity in a dose-dependent manner after preincubation of hepatocytes with NNPs. The NNPs stimulated adenylate cyclase activities in hepatocytes were evaluated based on measurement of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The stimulatory effects of NNPs on adenylate cyclase were independent of the presence of GTP and may have been due to a direct effect on the catalytic subunit of adenylate cyclase. In addition, basal cAMP generation in hepatocyte cells was efficiently suppressed by the NNPs. In conclusion, NNPs exerted direct effects on the catalytic subunit of the adenylate cyclase system, and adenylate cyclase was hormone sensitive in liver cells.
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Soonjo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kwon
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007728:Kupffer Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009593:Nitroimidazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D053769:Nanocapsules; D009593:Nitroimidazoles; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases