title: Tau-based therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease: active and passive immunotherapy.
abstract: Pharmacological manipulation of tau protein in Alzheimer's disease included microtubule-stabilizing agents, tau protein kinase inhibitors, tau aggregation inhibitors, active and passive immunotherapies and, more recently, inhibitors of tau acetylation. Animal studies have shown that both active and passive approaches can remove tau pathology and, in some cases, improve cognitive function. Two active vaccines targeting either nonphosphorylated (AAD-vac1) and phosphorylated tau (ACI-35) have entered Phase I testing. Notwithstanding, the recent discontinuation of the monoclonal antibody RG7345 for Alzheimer's disease, two other antitau antibodies, BMS-986168 and C2N-8E12, are also currently in Phase I testing for progressive supranuclear palsy. After the recent impressive results in animal studies obtained by salsalate, the dimer of salicylic acid, inhibitors of tau acetylation are being actively pursued.
authors.affiliation: Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, & Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.|Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 'Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico,' Tricase, Lecce, Italy.|Geriatric Unit & Laboratory of Gerontology & Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS 'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,' San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Panza
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Medicine-Memory Unit & Rare Disease Centre, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Solfrizzi
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Unit & Laboratory of Gerontology & Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS 'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,' San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Seripa
authors.affiliation: Research & Development Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Bruno P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Imbimbo
authors.affiliation: Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, & Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Madia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lozupone
authors.affiliation: Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Section, 'OORR' Hospital, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santamato
authors.affiliation: Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, & Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.|Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 'Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico,' Tricase, Lecce, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tortelli
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, & Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Galizia
authors.affiliation: Department of OrthoGeriatrics, Rehabilitation & Stabilization, Frailty Area, E.O. Galliera NR-HS Hospital, Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prete
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daniele
authors.affiliation: Department of OrthoGeriatrics, Rehabilitation & Stabilization, Frailty Area, E.O. Galliera NR-HS Hospital, Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pilotto
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Unit & Laboratory of Gerontology & Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS 'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,' San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Greco
authors.affiliation: Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, & Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.|Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 'Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico,' Tricase, Lecce, Italy.|Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Logroscino
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003071:Cognition; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D007116:Immunization, Passive / Q000379:methods*; D016233:Immunotherapy, Active / Q000379:methods*; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism; D012459:Salicylates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D012459:Salicylates; D014612:Vaccines; D016875:tau Proteins; C014182:salicylsalicylic acid
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; active immunotherapy; passive immunotherapy