title: Association of TAS2R38 variants with sweet food intake in children aged 1-6 years.
abstract: We aimed at studying whether genetic variants of the TAS2R38 gene are associated with energy intake from sweet tasting foods, total energy and macronutrient intake and body weight in children. Children (n = 691) from five European countries were genotyped for the first variant site rs713598 of the TAS2R38 bitter receptor gene. Three-day dietary records were obtained yearly from one to six years of age. Foods were categorized in sweet and non-sweet-tasting. Mixed models were used to describe group differences in food and nutrient intake and BMI z-score over time. TAS2R38 genotype was related to energy intake from sweet tasting foods: Children with PP and PA genotype consumed an average 83 kJ/d (95% CI 21 to 146; p = 0.009) more sweet tasting foods than children with AA genotype and a mean 56 kJ/d (95% CI 15 to 98; p = 0.007) more energy from energy dense sweet products. Intake of sweet tasting foods was lower in girls than boys and differed between countries. TAS2R38 genotype was not associated with the intake of energy, macronutrients, sugar, single food groups and BMI z-score. Despite many other factors influencing food preference and intake in children, actual intake of sweet food items is associated with TAS2R38 genotype. Children with PP or PA genotype consume more (energy dense) sweet tasting foods.
authors.affiliation: Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pawellek
authors.affiliation: Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Veit
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Grote
authors.affiliation: Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rzehak
authors.affiliation: CHC St Vincent, Rue François Lefèbvre, 207, 4000, Liège-Rocourt, Belgium.
authors.forename: Annick
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Xhonneux
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Via Antonio di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Verduci
authors.affiliation: Children's Memorial Health Institute, Dept. of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Pediatrics, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stolarczyk
authors.affiliation: Pediatrics Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, C/ Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Closa-Monasterolo
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology and Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reischl
authors.affiliation: Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337, Munich, Germany. Electronic address: office.koletzko@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Berthold
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Koletzko
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015930:Diet Records; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004435:Eating / Q000235:genetics*; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000235:genetics*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013649:Taste / Q000235:genetics*; D000098706:Taste Receptors, Type 2
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D000098706:Taste Receptors, Type 2
keywords: Children; Dietary intake; Food intake; Sugar; TAS2R38; Taste sensitivity