title: Aqueous photocatalytic degradation of selected micropollutants by Pd-modified titanium dioxide in three photoreactor types.
abstract: The goals of the present study were to synthesise highly efficient Pd-TiO2photocatalyst, to characterise its performance in slurry in smaller scale and to investigate its performance in the aqueous photocatalytic oxidation of three antibiotics: doxycycline, sulphamethizole and amoxicillin. The performance of the photocatalyst was evaluated in an open batch slurry reactor equipped with a fluorescent long-wavelength ultraviolet (UVA) lamp (0.2 L). With the fastest degrading doxycycline, experimental research was continued in a fixed-bed continuous flow photoreactor (0.13 L), with the Pd-TiO2photocatalyst attached to a glass plate, and a medium laboratory-scale three-phase fluidised-bed reactor (2 L) equipped with four fluorescent UVA lamps, with the photocatalyst attached to the surface of expanded clay granules employed as the bed material. While showing very high activity in the batch slurry reactor, far surpassing P25 Aeroxide, the performance of Pd-TiO2with doxycycline was comparable to P25 in the semi-continuous reactors.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemical Engineering , Tallinn University of Technology , Tallinn , Estonia.
authors.forename: Deniss
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Klauson
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemical Engineering , Tallinn University of Technology , Tallinn , Estonia.
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Šakarašvili
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemical Engineering , Tallinn University of Technology , Tallinn , Estonia.
authors.forename: Natalja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pronina
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemical Engineering , Tallinn University of Technology , Tallinn , Estonia.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krichevskaya
authors.affiliation: b Department of Materials Science , Tallinn University of Technology , Tallinn , Estonia.
authors.forename: Erki
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kärber
authors.affiliation: b Department of Materials Science , Tallinn University of Technology , Tallinn , Estonia.
authors.forename: Valdek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mikli
mesh_terms: D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000737:chemistry; D002384:Catalysis; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000737:chemistry; D010777:Photochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D013419:Sulfamethizole / Q000737:chemistry; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid
chemical_list: C009495:titanium dioxide; D013419:Sulfamethizole; D000658:Amoxicillin; D014025:Titanium; D004318:Doxycycline
keywords: Tetracyclines; fluidised-bed reactor; penicillins; photoreactor; sulphonamides