title: Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Flavonoid-Rich Fraction of Bergamot Juice (BJe) in a Mouse Model of Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.
abstract: The flavonoid-rich fraction of bergamot juice (BJe) has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The aim of work was to test the beneficial effects of BJe on the modulation of the ileum inflammation caused by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice. To understand the cellular mechanisms by which BJe may decrease the development of intestinal I/R injury, we have evaluated the activation of signaling transduction pathways that can be induced by reactive oxygen species production. Superior mesenteric artery and celiac trunk were occluded for 30 min and reperfused for 1 h. The animals were sacrificed after 1 h of reperfusion, for both histological and molecular examinations of the ileum tissue. The experimental results demonstrated that BJe was able to reduce histological damage, cytokines production, adhesion molecules expression, neutrophil infiltration and oxidative stress by a mechanism involved both NF-κB and MAP kinases pathways. This study indicates that BJe could represent a new treatment against inflammatory events of intestinal I/R injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Impellizzeri
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Marika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cordaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Campolo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gugliandolo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Messina Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Benedetto
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of MessinaMessina, Italy; Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, School of Medicine, University of ManchesterManchester, UK.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cuzzocrea
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Navarra
keywords: Citrus bergamia; bergamot juice; cytokines; inflammation; ischemia; oxidative stress