title: #Vapelife: An Exploratory Study of Electronic Cigarette Use and Promotion on Instagram.
abstract: The growth of social networking services has enabled the sharing of electronic cigarette opinions and experiences via user-generated content.
  
  
  
  This exploratory study analyzed electronic cigarette content found on the visual social networking service, Instagram, in order to highlight public health challenges created by this content and support understanding of electronic cigarette promotion and usage.
  
  
  
  A qualitative content analysis was performed on Instagram posts made with the hashtags #ecig or #vape in October 2014. Images, text, and hashtags from 85 posts (43 #ecig, 42 #vape) were analyzed. In addition, the total number of posts made with eight key electronic cigarette hashtags was recorded at four points between March 2014 and October 2015.
  
  
  
  The total number of #vape posts on Instagram grew by 4,163,274 during the study period, while #ecig posts increased by 741,916. Of the posts examined in-depth, corporate users made up over half of posts. No posts were critical of electronic cigarettes. Few mentioned electronic cigarettes in the context of health benefits. No posts included major brands, and mod style electronic cigarettes were mentioned or depicted in over half of posts. A majority of posts included hashtags expressing vaping identity and community. In addition, users mentioned novel practices such as sub-ohming. Conclusions/Importance: Instagram users in our sample characterized electronic cigarettes primarily as novel devices rather than equivalents to cigarettes. Further, hashtag communities and identities appear to be forming around vaping. Future research should consider the public health implications of these hashtags, as well as novel electronic cigarette practices.
authors.affiliation: a Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee , Wisconsin , USA.
authors.forename: Linnea I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Laestadius
authors.affiliation: a Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee , Wisconsin , USA.
authors.forename: Megan M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Wahl
authors.affiliation: a Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee , Wisconsin , USA.
authors.forename: Young I
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D066300:Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D011344:Procarbazine; D061108:Social Media; D060756:Social Networking; D062789:Tobacco Products
chemical_list: D011344:Procarbazine
keywords: Electronic cigarettes; advertising; content analysis; ecig; peer networks; social media