title: Pyrethroid Pesticide Metabolite in Urine and Microelements in Hair of Children Affected by Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Preliminary Investigation.
abstract: The number of children affected by Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is dramatically increasing as well as the studies aimed at understanding the risk factors associated with the development of ASD. Since the etiology of ASD is partly genetic and partly environmental, factors (i.e., heavy metals, pesticides) as well as lifestyle seem to have a key role in the development of the disease. ASD and Control (CTR) children, aged 5-12 years, were compared. Gas chromatography coupled with trap mass detector was used to measure the level of 3-PBA, the main pyrethroid metabolite in urine in a group of ASD patients, while optical emission spectrometry analysis was employed to estimate the level of metals and microelements in hair in a different group of ASD children. The presence of 3-PBA in urine seems to be independent of age in ASD children, while a positive correlation between 3-PBA and age was observed in the control group of the same age range. Urine concentration of 3-BPA in ASD children had higher values than in the control group, which were marginally significant (p = 0.054). Mg results were significantly decreased in ASD with respect to controls, while V, S, Zn, and Ca/Mg were marginally increased, without reaching statistical significance. Results of Principal Component (PC) analysis of metals and microelements in hair were not associated with either age or health status. In conclusion, 3-PBA in urine and Mg in hair were changed in ASD children relative to control ones.
authors.forename: Valentina F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Domingues
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nasuti
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piangerelli
authors.forename: Luísa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Correia-Sá
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghezzo
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marini
authors.forename: Provvidenza M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Abruzzo
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Visconti
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giustozzi
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Rosita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gabbianelli
mesh_terms: D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000652:urine*; D001565:Benzoates / Q000652:urine*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D005260:Female; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010575:Pesticides / Q000378:metabolism*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001565:Benzoates; D010575:Pesticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017618:3-phenoxybenzoic acid