title: Transcriptomic profile adaptations following exposure of equine satellite cells to nutriactive phytochemical gamma-oryzanol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adult skeletal muscle myogenesis depends on the activation of satellite cells that have the potential to differentiate into new fibers. Gamma-oryzanol (GO), a commercially available nutriactive phytochemical, has gained global interest on account of its muscle-building and regenerating effects. Here, we investigated GO for its potential influence on myogenesis, using equine satellite cell culture model, since the horse is a unique animal, bred and exercised for competitive sport. To our knowledge, this is the first report where the global gene expression in cultured equine satellite cells has been described.
  
  
  METHODS
  Equine satellite cells were isolated from semitendinosus muscle and cultured until the second day of differentiation. Differentiating cells were incubated with GO for the next 24 h. Subsequently, total RNA from GO-treated and control cells was isolated, amplified, labeled, and hybridized to two-color Horse Gene Expression Microarray slides. Quantitative PCR was used for the validation of microarray data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results revealed 58 genes with changed expression in GO-treated vs. control cells. Analysis of expression changes suggests that various processes are reinforced by GO in differentiating equine satellite cells, including inhibition of myoblast differentiation, increased proliferation and differentiation, stress response, and increased myogenic lineage commitment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study may confirm putative muscle-enhancing abilities of GO; however, the collective role of GO in skeletal myogenesis remains equivocal. The diversity of these changes is likely due to heterogenous growth rate of cells in primary culture. Genes identified in our study, modulated by the presence of GO, may become potential targets of future research investigating impact of this supplement in skeletal muscle on proteomic and biochemical level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Szcześniak
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciecierska
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ostaszewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sadkowski
keywords: Differentiation; Equine satellite cells; Gamma-oryzanol; Gene expression; Muscle