title: Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) & IL-4 gene polymorphisms in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) & their association with susceptibility to SLE.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is one of the pro-inflammatory cytokines that plays a main role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Interleukin 4 (IL-4) as an anti-inflammatory cytokine regulates balance between Th1 and Th2 immune responses. this study was undertaken to investigate the IL-1β and IL-4 genes polymorphisms in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and also association between the polymorphisms and susceptibility to SLE.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and sixty three SLE patients and 180 healthy controls were genotyped for the IL-4 VNTR (variable number tandem repeat), IL-1β C-511T and IL-1β T-31C polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or PCR-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequencies of CC genotype and C allele of the IL-1β T-31C polymorphism were significantly (P<0.01) lower in SLE patients than controls. Moreover, the frequencies of RP1/RP2 genotype and RP2 allele of IL-4 VNTR polymorphism were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the SLE patients. No association was observed between IL-1β C-511T polymorphism and increased risk of SLE. We observed increased frequency of CT and TT genotypes of IL-1β C-511T polymorphism in SLE patients with malar rash compared to SLE patients without this manifestation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings suggest that IL-1β T-31C and IL-4 VNTR polymorphisms but not IL-1β C-511T polymorphism may contribute in SLE pathogenesis. In addition, CT and TT genotypes of IL-1β C-511T polymorphism were associated with SLE.
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Milad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohammadoo-Khorasani
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeedeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salimi
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Ehsan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tabatabai
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahnaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sandoughi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zakeri
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Farajian-Mashhadi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: C508598:IL4 protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015847:Interleukin-4