title: Resting state brain dynamics and its transients: a combined TMS-EEG study.
abstract: The brain at rest exhibits a spatio-temporally rich dynamics which adheres to systematic behaviours that persist in task paradigms but appear altered in disease. Despite this hypothesis, many rest state paradigms do not act directly upon the rest state and therefore cannot confirm hypotheses about its mechanisms. To address this challenge, we combined transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) to study brain's relaxation toward rest following a transient perturbation. Specifically, TMS targeted either the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), i.e. part of the Default Mode Network (DMN) or the superior parietal lobule (SPL), involved in the Dorsal Attention Network. TMS was triggered by a given brain state, namely an increase in occipital alpha rhythm power. Following the initial TMS-Evoked Potential, TMS at MPFC enhances the induced occipital alpha rhythm, called Event Related Synchronisation, with a longer transient lifetime than TMS at SPL, and a higher amplitude. Our findings show a strong coupling between MPFC and the occipital alpha power. Although the rest state is organized around a core of resting state networks, the DMN functionally takes a special role among these resting state networks.
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des systèmes, Marseille, France. Inserm,UMR_S 1106, 13005, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Mireille
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonnard
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des systèmes, Marseille, France. Inserm,UMR_S 1106, 13005, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des systèmes, Marseille, France. Inserm,UMR_S 1106, 13005, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gaychet
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des systèmes, Marseille, France. Inserm,UMR_S 1106, 13005, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carrere
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des systèmes, Marseille, France. Inserm,UMR_S 1106, 13005, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Marmaduke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Woodman
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des systèmes, Marseille, France. Inserm,UMR_S 1106, 13005, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Giusiano
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des systèmes, Marseille, France. Inserm,UMR_S 1106, 13005, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Viktor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jirsa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000502:physiology; D012146:Rest; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult