title: Eating patterns and food choice as determinant of weight loss and improvement of metabolic profile after RYGB.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Significant changes in the preference for different dietary components have been observed after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The aim of this study was to evaluate the early post-RYGB changes in quality of eating patterns and their relationship to weight loss and metabolic parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample was composed of 41 extremely obese individuals undergoing RYGB. Dietary data were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire in Brazil. A food intake evaluation was conducted with a focus on the frequency of consumption (≥4 times/wk) of markers for healthy eating and markers for unhealthy eating. Furthermore, anthropometric and metabolic markers were collected before surgery and 6 mo post-RYGB.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with baseline, the postsurgery body mass index was reduced by 12.9 kg/m2, corresponding to an excess weight loss of 63.5%. Blood glucose, insulin, ferritin, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TG), and hemoglobin were reduced 6 mo after RYGB (P < 0.05). The consumption frequency of many foods defined as unhealthy decreased after surgery (e.g., from 15.4% to 5.1% for pizza and 18% to 0% for hamburger), and some healthy food increased (e.g., from 0% to 5.1% for fish and from 0% to 25.6% for plain yogurt). There was a decrease in the frequency of individuals who reported consuming fruit and vegetables. Conversely, insulin, glucose, and TG levels were positively associated with intake of chocolates/truffles and ice cream/sundaes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Participants in the present study appeared to develop a healthier dietary pattern by 6 mo after RYGB. These results show that a healthier dietary pattern is associated with a significant improvement of metabolic profile and weight loss.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina - UNIFESP-EPM. Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: barbaradmnetto@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Bárbara Dal
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Molin Netto
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN.
authors.forename: Carrie P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Earthman
authors.affiliation: Bariatric Surgery Service of Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gisele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Farias
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina - UNIFESP-EPM. Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Deborah Cristina
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Landi Masquio
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina - UNIFESP-EPM. Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Grotti Clemente
authors.affiliation: Undergraduate in Nutrition, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Priscilla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peixoto
authors.affiliation: Bariatric Surgery Service of Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Solange Cravo
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Bettini
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Emilia
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: von Der Heyde
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina - UNIFESP-EPM. Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: ana.damaso@unifesp.br.
authors.forename: Ana R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Dâmaso
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001938:Brazil; D004032:Diet / Q000592:standards; D004034:Diet Surveys; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D005518:Food Preferences; D015390:Gastric Bypass; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D055442:Metabolome; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000601:surgery; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D015431:Weight Loss; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006454:Hemoglobins; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D005293:Ferritins
keywords: Dietary patterns; Obesity; Quality of diet; Roux-en-Y gastric bypass