title: Effect of antiresorptive drugs in the alveolar bone healing. A histometric and immunohistochemical study in ovariectomized rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to evaluate the alendronate and raloxifene influence in the alveolar healing process of osteoporotic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four female rats were divided in four groups: sham rats (SHAM), ovariectomized rats and no medical treatment (OVX NT), ovariectomized rats and submitted to alendronate treatment (OVX ALE), and ovariectomized and submitted to raloxifene treatment (OVX RAL). The histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical analysis was performed. The quantitative data were analyzed through Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (α = 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the longest period, SHAM and OVX RAL groups showed the better bone formation responses (P < 0.05). The worst bone formation response was observed in the group OVX NT. OVX RAL group showed the better response at 42 days. OVX ALE group showed a favorable response at 14 days, in comparison with OVX RAL group, but a reduced response at 42 days. It was possible to observe a mature bone in SHAM group at 14 days and an immature bone in the OVX NT group. An intermediate quality bone was observed in the groups OVX ALE and OVX RAL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alendronate and raloxifene treatment improved the alveolar healing process in osteoporotic rats, but not enough to achieve the histometrical and protein expression values that were observed in the SHAM group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alendronate is largely used as a potent antiresorptive agent. Otherwise, considering the undesirable effects in relation to the alveolar healing, other antiosteoporosis medications should be studied. Raloxifene seems to be a good candidate once its action mechanism involves the activation of osteoblasts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aracatuba Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, CEP 16015-050, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ramalho-Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aracatuba Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, CEP 16015-050, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo Perez
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Faverani
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aracatuba Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, CEP 16015-050, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. gustavomomesso@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gustavo Antonio Correa
authors.initials: GAC
authors.lastname: Momesso
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aracatuba Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, CEP 16015-050, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eloá Rodrigues
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Luvizuto
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aracatuba Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, CEP 16015-050, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: de Oliveira Puttini
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aracatuba Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, CEP 16015-050, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.|Department of Basic Sciences, Aracatuba Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Okamoto
mesh_terms: D019386:Alendronate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000378:metabolism; D010052:Ovariectomy; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000378:metabolism; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; D015675:Osteocalcin; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; D019386:Alendronate
keywords: Alendronate; Osteocalcin; Osteoprotegerin; RANKL; Raloxifene