title: Redox-based therapeutics in neurodegenerative disease.
abstract: This review describes recent developments in the search for effective therapeutic agents that target redox homeostasis in neurodegenerative disease. The disruption to thiol redox homeostasis in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis is discussed, together with the experimental strategies that are aimed at preventing, or at least minimizing, oxidative damage in these diseases. Particular attention is given to the potential of increasing antioxidant capacity by targeting the Nrf2 pathway, the development of inhibitors of NADPH oxidases that are likely candidates for clinical use, together with strategies to reduce nitrosative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. We describe the shortcomings of compounds that hinder their progression to the clinic and evaluate likely avenues for future research.
  
  
  
  This article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.12/issuetoc.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: McBean
authors.affiliation: Instituto Teófilo Hernando for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: López
authors.affiliation: Redoxis AB, Sweden and University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden.
authors.forename: F K
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2812-8255
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Wallner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D000073039:Nitrosative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019255:NADPH Oxidases