title: Multifunctional zirconium oxide doped chitosan based hybrid nanocomposites as bone tissue engineering materials.
abstract: This paper reports the development of multifunctional zirconium oxide (ZrO2) doped nancomposites having chitosan (CTS), organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) and nano-hydroxyapatite (HAP). Formation of these nanocomposites was confirmed by various characterization techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed uniform distribution of OMMT and nano-HAP-ZrO2 into CTS matrix. Powder XRD study and TEM study revealed that OMMT has partially exfoliated into the polymer matrix. Enhanced mechanical properties in comparison to the reported literature were obtained after the addition of ZrO2 nanoparticle into the nanocomposites. In rheological measurements, CMZH I-III exhibited greater storage modulus (G') than loss modulus (G″). TGA results showed that these nanocomposites are thermally more stable compare to pure CTS film. Strong antibacterial zone of inhibition and the lowest minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) value of these nanocomposites against bacterial strains proved that these materials have the ability to prevent bacterial infection in orthopedic implants. Compatibility of these nanocomposites with pH and blood of human body was established. It was observed from the swelling study that the swelling percentage was increased with decreasing the hydrophobic OMMT content. Human osteoblastic MG-63 cell proliferations were observed on the nanocomposites and cytocompatibility of these nanocomposites was also established. Moreover, addition of 5wt% OMMT and 5wt% nano-HAP-ZrO2 into 90wt% CTS matrix provides maximum tensile strength, storage modulus, aqueous swelling and cytocompatibility along with strong antibacterial effect, pH and erythrocyte compatibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India.
authors.forename: Arundhati
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhowmick
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India.
authors.forename: Piyali
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jana
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India.
authors.forename: Nilkamal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pramanik
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India.
authors.forename: Tapas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitra
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India.
authors.forename: Sovan Lal
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Arumugam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gnanamani
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India.
authors.forename: Manas
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India. Electronic address: ppk923@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Patit Paban
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Kundu
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D048271:Chitosan; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide
keywords: Chitosan; Hydroxyapatite; Montmorillonite; Zirconium-oxide