title: Expression of p53, p16, cyclin D1, epidermal growth factor receptor and Notch1 in patients with temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of p53, p16, cyclin D1, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Notch1 in temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma (TBSCC) tissue samples by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and to evaluate the association between these biomarkers and clinicopathological features.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective, single-institution review of 30 TBSCC patients treated with curative intent between April 2006 and March 2015. All tissue samples were obtained from pretreatment biopsy specimens or surgical specimens and using IHC staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten patients were categorized as T1, seven as T2, five as T3 and eight as T4. Nine patients had clinically positive lymph node metastasis. The positive expression of p53 and EGFR was significantly associated with T classification (P = 0.042 and P = 0.0039). EGFR expression was significantly more frequent in patients with positive lymph node metastasis compared with patients without node involvement (P = 0.017). In the analysis of the association between protein expression by IHC staining and prognosis, the positive expression of EGFR and Notch1 was significantly correlated with poor survival outcomes in TBSCC (P = 0.015 and P = 0.025) CONCLUSION: Overexpression of p53 and EGFR may be valuable biomarkers for identifying individuals at high risk of developing tumors in TBSCC. Furthermore, the positive expression of EGFR was significantly associated with poor survival outcome. Anti-EGFR therapy has potential for use as the treatment modality of choice for advanced-stage TBSCC as well as other head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamaru
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan. ak-homma@med.hokudai.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Homma
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yasukawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hatakeyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakashita
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kano
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000556:secondary*; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000032:analysis; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000032:analysis*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D051881:Receptor, Notch1 / Q000032:analysis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013701:Temporal Bone; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; C497761:NOTCH1 protein, human; D051881:Receptor, Notch1; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D019938:Cyclin D1; D066246:ErbB Receptors
keywords: Clinicopathological features; EGFR; Immunohistochemistry; Prognostic factor; Protein expression; Temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma