title: Feasibility Study of Ultrasonographic Criteria for Microscopic and Macroscopic Extra-Thyroidal Extension Based on Thyroid Capsular Continuity and Tumor Contour in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas.
abstract: Our purpose was to evaluate the feasibility of using ultrasonographic criteria of thyroid capsular continuity and tumor contour to differentiate macroscopic extra-thyroidal extension (ETE) from microscopic ETE, as well as non-ETE from ETE. On ultrasonography, we evaluated thyroid capsular continuity (C0 = continuous, C1 = discontinuous, C2 = invisible), and thyroid tumor contour (P0 = in normal parenchyma, P1 = abutting, P2 = bulging), which were grouped into type 1-9 classifications. Either C1-2 or P1-2 was more prevalent in ETE than non-ETE. C1 and P2 tended to be associated with macroscopic ETE, whereas C0 and P1 were significantly associated with microscopic ETE. Types 6, 8 and 9 were more likely to have ETE than non-ETE; type 6 (C1 P2) and type 9 (C2 P2) were significantly associated with macroscopic ETE, whereas type 8 (C2 P1) was associated more with microscopic ETE. Macroscopic and microscopic ETE, as well as non-ETE and ETE, can be differentiated using these pre-operative ultrasonographic criteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jee Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Rim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Electronic address: smchong@cau.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Semin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Han Suk
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Bo Mi
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Shin
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Ahn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D000077273:Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Capsules; Papillary; Thyroid cancer; Thyroid gland; Ultrasonography