title: Accuracy and reliability of the RGB-D camera for measuring walking speed on a treadmill.
abstract: RGB-D cameras (Red Green Blue+Depth) are widely employed in exergames designed to physically stimulate elderly people. Nevertheless, the intensity of the physical activity reached with the existing solutions is rarely sufficient to obtain a real impact on the physical fitness and thus on the health status of this population. In this context, a Point Cloud Based System (PCBS) has been developed to interface ordinary motorized treadmills with exergames through a simple RGB-D camera, to induce players to perform physical activities at higher intensities. The goal of this study was to assess the accuracy and reliability of PCBS to measure the walking speed of a subject on a standard motorized treadmill based on the image streams of an RGB-D camera.
  
  
  
  36 participants performed three 10min walking exercises, divided in 5 blocks of 2min at the following constant ordered speeds: 0.42, 0.69, 0.97, 1.25 and 1.53ms(-1). The measured walking speeds are compared to those obtained through a Marker Based Control System (MBCS).
  
  
  
  Results showed a high system accuracy (bias: 0.013±0.015ms(-1)), a good reliability (ICC=0.63-0.91) and a low variability (SEM=1-5%; MD=2.7-14%).
  
  
  
  Accuracy and reliability of PCBS are consistent with those obtained in similar existing systems measuring gait parameters.
  
  
  
  Within the context of the development of exergames, PCBS may be combined with exergames to perform physical activities at sufficiently high intensities in the elderly population, in order to improve their physical health and possibly prevent/delay cognitive impairment.
authors.affiliation: INRIA, STARS, Sophia-Antipolis, Sophia-Antipolis, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fosty
authors.affiliation: EA 7276 CoBTeK - Cognition Behaviour Technology, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Claude Pompidou Institute, Edmond et Lily Safra Center, Nice, France. Electronic address: bensadoun.gregory@hotmail.fr.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ben-Sadoun
authors.affiliation: EA 7276 CoBTeK - Cognition Behaviour Technology, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Claude Pompidou Institute, Edmond et Lily Safra Center, Nice, France; Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) - Teaching Hospital of Nice, Claude Pompidou Institute, Edmond et Lily Safra Center, Nice, France; Centre d'Innovation et d'Usages en Santé (CIU-S), Cimiez Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Nice, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sacco
authors.affiliation: EA 7276 CoBTeK - Cognition Behaviour Technology, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Claude Pompidou Institute, Edmond et Lily Safra Center, Nice, France; Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) - Teaching Hospital of Nice, Claude Pompidou Institute, Edmond et Lily Safra Center, Nice, France; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: König
authors.affiliation: EA 7276 CoBTeK - Cognition Behaviour Technology, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Claude Pompidou Institute, Edmond et Lily Safra Center, Nice, France; Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) - Teaching Hospital of Nice, Claude Pompidou Institute, Edmond et Lily Safra Center, Nice, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Manera
authors.affiliation: Groupe GENIOUS, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Foulon
authors.affiliation: University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, LAMHESS, EA 6312, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Nice, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brisswalter
authors.affiliation: EA 7276 CoBTeK - Cognition Behaviour Technology, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Claude Pompidou Institute, Edmond et Lily Safra Center, Nice, France; Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) - Teaching Hospital of Nice, Claude Pompidou Institute, Edmond et Lily Safra Center, Nice, France; Centre d'Innovation et d'Usages en Santé (CIU-S), Cimiez Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Nice, France; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Robert
authors.affiliation: INRIA, STARS, Sophia-Antipolis, Sophia-Antipolis, France; EA 7276 CoBTeK - Cognition Behaviour Technology, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Claude Pompidou Institute, Edmond et Lily Safra Center, Nice, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bremond
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012984:Software; D014741:Video Recording / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000072797:Walking Speed
keywords: Physical exercise; RGB-D camera; Treadmill; Validity; Walk