title: Comparison of a modified phenol/chloroform and commercial-kit methods for extracting DNA from horse fecal material.
abstract: There are many choices for methods of extracting bacterial DNA for Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) from fecal samples. Here, we compare our modifications of a phenol/chloroform extraction method plus an inhibitor removal solution (C3) (ph/Chl+C3) to the PowerFecal® DNA Isolation Kit (MoBio-K). DNA quality and quantity coupled to NGS results were used to assess differences in relative abundance, Shannon diversity index, unique species, and principle coordinate analysis (PCoA) between biological replicates. Six replicate samples, taken from a single ball of horse feces manually collected from the rectum, were subjected to each extraction method. The Ph/Chl+C3 method produced 100× higher DNA yields with less shearing than the MoBio-K method. To assess the methods, the two method samples were sent for sequencing of the bacterial V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was greater and there were more unique species assigned to this group in MoBio-K than in Ph/Chl+C3 (P<0.05). In contrast, Firmicutes had greater relative abundance and more unique species in Ph/Chl+C3 extracts than in MoBio-K (P<0.05). The other major bacterial phyla were equally abundant in samples using both extraction methods. Alpha diversity and Shannon Weaver indices showed greater evenness of bacterial distribution in Ph/Chl+C3 compared with MoBio-K (P<0.05), but there was no difference in the OTU richness. Principle coordinate analysis (PCoA) indicated a distinct separation between the two methods (P<0.05) and tighter clustering (less variability) in Ph/Chl+C3 than in MoBio-K. These results suggest that the Ph/Chl+C3 may be preferred for research to identify specific Firmicutes taxa such as Clostridium, and Bacillus. However; MoBio-K may be a better choice for projects focusing on Bacteroidetes abundance. The Ph/Chl+C3 method required less time, but has some safety concerns associated with exposure and disposal of phenol and chloroform. While the MoBio-K may be better choice for researchers with less access to safety equipment like a fume hood.
authors.affiliation: Microbial Biology Graduate Program, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
authors.forename: Ali H D
authors.initials: AHD
authors.lastname: Janabi
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
authors.forename: Lee J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Kerkhof
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
authors.forename: Lora R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: McGuinness
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
authors.forename: Amy S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Biddle
authors.affiliation: Microbial Biology Graduate Program, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Department of Animal Science, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. Electronic address: mckeever@aesop.rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Kenneth H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: McKeever
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D041963:Bacteroidetes / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002725:Chloroform; D003013:Clostridium / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006736:Horses; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D064307:Microbiota / Q000235:genetics; D019800:Phenol; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D019800:Phenol; D002725:Chloroform
keywords: Fecal microbiome; Horse