title: The characteristics and functions of a miniature inverted-repeat transposable element TaMITE81 in the 5' UTR of TaCHS7BL from Triticum aestivum.
abstract: Miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) are truncated derivatives of autonomous DNA transposons, and are dispersed abundantly in eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes. In this article, a MITE, TaMITE81, was isolated from the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of TaCHS7BL, chalcone synthase (CHS) catalyzing the first committed step of anthocyanin biosynthesis, in the wheat cultivar 'Opata' with white grain. TaMITE81 was only 81 nucleotides, including a terminal inverted repeat with 39 nucleotides and was flanked by two nucleotides, "TA", target site duplications that were typical features of stowaway-like MITEs. Compared with the wheat cultivar 'Gy115' with purple grain, which is without the insertion, the expression of TaCHS7BL was lower in several organs of 'Opata'. The insertion of TaMITE81 into the 5' UTR of the GUS gene also reduced the transient expression of GUS on the coleoptiles of 'Opata', which means the insertion of TaMITE81 was the reason for the low expression of TaCHS7BL in 'Opata'. But the genotype of TaCHS7BL was not linked to phenotype of grain color in the RILs derived from a cross 'Gy115' and 'Opata'. The TaMITE81 density of the hexaploid variety of T. aestivum was more than 10 times that of diploid relatives, which implies that polyploidization caused the amplification of TaMITE81 homologous sequences. Further research should be conducted on decoding the relationship between TaCHS7BL and other traits relative to anthocyanin biosynthesis in wheat, and discovering the mechanism of TaMITE81 transposon action.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota (AEPB), Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
authors.forename: Xinyuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota (AEPB), Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota (AEPB), Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China.|Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Xining, 810008, China.
authors.forename: Shiming
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota (AEPB), Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China.|Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Xining, 810008, China.
authors.forename: Wenjie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota (AEPB), Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China.|Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Xining, 810008, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota (AEPB), Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China. blliu@nwipb.cas.cn.|Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Xining, 810008, China. blliu@nwipb.cas.cn.
authors.forename: Baolong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota (AEPB), Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China. hgzhang@nwipb.ac.cn.|Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Xining, 810008, China. hgzhang@nwipb.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Huaigang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D000217:Acyltransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D018745:Genome, Plant; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011123:Polyploidy; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D010940:Plant Proteins; D000217:Acyltransferases; C020141:flavanone synthetase
keywords: Chalcone synthase; Characteristics; Function; Genetic diversity; MITE