title: DNA Repair Gene Expression Levels as Indicators of Breast Cancer in the Breast Cancer Family Registry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The expression level of DNA repair-related genes and their association with breast cancer status among participants of the New York site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  RNA from mononuclear cells in 194 sister sets (n=475 women) were assayed for ATM, BRCA1, MSH2, MUTYH and XPC gene expression levels and analyzed using generalized estimating equations (GEE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals with decreased ATM and MSH2 expression had significantly higher odds for breast cancer compared to individuals with higher levels of expression (odds ratio (OR)=1.1, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.02, 1.18) and (OR=1.90, 95% CI=1.21, 2.97), respectively. Upon stratifying the GEE model, reductions in ATM and MSH2 expression levels was heightened among women with an extended family history (FH) of breast cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduced expression of ATM and MSH2 compromises DNA repair capacity and, thereby, increases breast cancer prevalence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY, U.S.A. maya.kappil@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Maya A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kappil
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Yuyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY, U.S.A. Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Mary Beth
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Terry
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY, U.S.A. Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Regina M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Santella
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D019313:BRCA1 Protein / Q000235:genetics; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D045647:DNA Glycosylases / Q000235:genetics; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008487:Medical History Taking; D008875:Middle Aged; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation; D035781:Siblings
chemical_list: D019313:BRCA1 Protein; C492913:BRCA1 protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C086984:XPC protein, human; C576324:ATM protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D045647:DNA Glycosylases; C061738:mutY adenine glycosylase; C497172:MSH2 protein, human; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein
keywords: Breast cancer; DNA repair; family history; gene expression