title: Mammalian CD1 and MR1 genes.
abstract: All higher vertebrates share the fundamental components of the adaptive immune system: the B cell receptor, the T cell receptor, and classical MHC proteins. At a more detailed level, their immune systems vary considerably, especially with respect to the non-polymorphic MHC class I-like proteins. In mammals, the CD1 family of lipid-presenting proteins is encoded by clusters of genes of widely divergent sizes and compositions. Another MHC class I-like protein, MR1, is typically encoded by a single gene that is highly conserved among species. Based on mammalian genomes and the available data on cellular expression profiles and protein structure, we review MR1 genes and families of CD1 genes in modern mammals from a genetic and functional perspective. Understanding the CD1 and MR1 systems across animal species provides insights into the specialized functions of the five types of CD1 proteins and facilitates careful consideration of animal models for human diseases in which immune responses to lipids and bacterial metabolites play a role.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reinink
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. i.vanrhijn@uu.nl.|Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. i.vanrhijn@uu.nl.
authors.forename: Ildiko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Van Rhijn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018949:Antigens, CD1 / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005805:Genes, MHC Class I / Q000235:genetics*; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008322:Mammals / Q000235:genetics*; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018949:Antigens, CD1; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; C094840:MR1 protein, human; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens
keywords: CD1; Lipid antigens; MR1; Mammals