title: Do racial inequities in infant mortality correspond to variations in societal conditions? A study of state-level income inequality in the U.S., 1992-2007.
abstract: Prior studies have examined the association between income inequality and overall infant mortality rates (IMR). We examine effects of income inequality on racial inequities in IMR over the period 1992-2007 in the U.S.
  
  
  
  Race-specific state IMR data were obtained from 1992 to 2007, from which absolute and relative IMR inequities were calculated. Fixed and random effects models, adjusted for state-level median income, percent poverty, percent high school graduates, and unemployment rate, were used to determine contemporaneous and lagged state-level associations between income inequality and racial IMR inequities.
  
  
  
  Racial IMR inequities varied significantly across the U.S. Contemporaneous income inequality was negatively associated with white IMR only. Two-year lagged income inequality was negatively associated with black IMR and had the most pronounced effect on racial inequities in IMR.
  
  
  
  Future studies should consider lagged effects of income inequality on IMR and other health outcomes, and should examine other potential societal conditions that may account for state-level variations in racial IMR inequities.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA. Electronic address: aa.siddiqi@utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: Arjumand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siddiqi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Marcella K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Department of Economics, University of Tennessee Knoxville, USA.
authors.forename: Donald J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences, University of Tennessee Knoxville, USA.
authors.forename: Paul C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Erwin
mesh_terms: D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D008297:Male; D063505:Racism / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012923:Social Class; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001741:Black or African American
keywords: Income inequality; Infant mortality; Race; Racial disparities; Racial inequalities; State