title: Evaluation of an Optimized Injection System for Retinal Gene Therapy in Human Patients.
abstract: Many retinal gene therapy clinical trials require subretinal injections of small volumes of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector solutions in patients with retinal dystrophies, using equipment not specifically designed for this purpose. We therefore evaluated an optimized injection system in order to identify variables that might influence the rate of injection and final dose of vector delivered. An optimized injection system was assembled with a 41G polytetrafluoroethylene tip for retinal gene therapy. Flow rate was recorded at relevant infusion pressures (2-22 psi [14-152 kPa]), different target pressures (0.02-30 mm Hg [0.003-4 kPa]) and temperatures (18°C vs. 36°C) using a semiautomated Accurus(®) Surgical System. Retention of AAV2/8 and AAV2/8(Y733F) vector was quantified after simulating loading/injection with or without 0.001% Pluronic(®) F-68 (PF-68). The optimized injection system provided a linear flow rate (μl/s)-to-infusion pressure (psi) relationship (y = 0.62x; r(2) = 0.99), independent of temperature and pressure changes relevant for intraocular surgery (18-36°C, 0.02-30 mm Hg). Differences in length of 41G polytetrafluoroethylene tips caused significant variation in flow rate (p < 0.001). Use of PF-68 significantly (p < 0.001) reduced loss of vector genomes in the injection system by 55% (AAV2/8) and 52% (AAV2/8(Y733F)). A customized subretinal injection system assembled using equipment currently available in the operating room can deliver a controlled volume of vector at a fixed rate across a range of possible clinical parameters encountered in vitreoretinal surgery. The inclusion of 0.001% PF-68 had a significant effect on the final dose of vector genomes delivered. The described technique is currently used successfully in a clinical trial.
authors.affiliation: 1 Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom.|2 Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust , Oxford, United Kingdom.|3 University Eye Hospital , Centre for Ophthalmology, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: M Dominik
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.affiliation: 1 Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Doron G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Hickey
authors.affiliation: 1 Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom.|2 Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust , Oxford, United Kingdom.|4 Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mandeep S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: 1 Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom.|2 Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust , Oxford, United Kingdom.|4 Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: MacLaren
mesh_terms: D002213:Capsid / Q000821:virology; D000229:Dependovirus; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology; D058499:Retinal Dystrophies / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*