title: Maternal dietary vitamin D carry-over alters offspring growth, skeletal mineralisation and tissue mRNA expressions of genes related to vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus homoeostasis in swine.
abstract: Maternal dietary vitamin D carry-over effects were assessed in young pigs to characterise skeletal abnormalities in a diet-induced model of kyphosis. Bone abnormalities were previously induced and bone mineral density (BMD) reduced in offspring from sows fed diets with inadequate vitamin D3. In a nested design, pigs from sows (n 23) fed diets with 0 (-D), 8·125 (+D) or 43·750 (++D) µg D3/kg from breeding through lactation were weaned and, within litter, fed nursery diets arranged as a 2×2 factorial design with 0 (-D) or 7·0 (+D) µg D3/kg, each with 95 % (95P) or 120 % (120P) of P requirements. Selected pigs were euthanised before colostrum consumption at birth (0 weeks, n 23), weaning (3 weeks, n 22) and after a growth period (8 weeks, n 185) for BMD, bone mechanical tests and tissue mRNA analysis. Pigs produced by +D or ++D sows had increased gain at 3 weeks (P<0·05), and at 8 weeks had increased BMD and improved femur mechanical properties. However, responses to nursery diets depended on maternal diets (P<0·05). Relative mRNA expressions of genes revealed a maternal dietary influence at birth in bone osteocalcin and at weaning in kidney 24-hydroxylase (P<0·05). Nursery treatments affected mRNA expressions at 8 weeks. Detection of a maternal and nursery diet interaction (P<0·05) provided insights into the long-term effects of maternal nutritional inputs. Characterising early stages of bone abnormalities provided inferences for humans and animals about maternal dietary influence on offspring skeletal health.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Animal Sciences,University of Wisconsin-Madison,Madison,WI 53706,USA.
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Amundson
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Dairy Science,University of Wisconsin-Madison,Madison,WI 53706,USA.
authors.forename: Laura L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Dairy Science,University of Wisconsin-Madison,Madison,WI 53706,USA.
authors.forename: Jimena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laporta
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Animal Sciences,University of Wisconsin-Madison,Madison,WI 53706,USA.
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Crenshaw
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D001846:Bone Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D000089703:Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; D006706:Homeostasis; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C000717427:FGF23 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D002762:Cholecalciferol; D010758:Phosphorus; D000089703:Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; D002118:Calcium
keywords: ++D 43·750µg D3/kg; where 1 IU of vitamin D3 is defined as the biological activity of 0·025 µg cholecalciferol; +D 8·125µg D3/kg; BM bending moment; BMC bone mineral content; BMD bone mineral density; BW body weight; Bone integrity; D vitamin D3; DXA dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; FGF23 fibroblast growth factor 23; Hypovitaminosis D; Kyphosis; Maternal carry-over; OCN osteocalcin; SRTC University of Wisconsin Swine Research and Teaching Center; Swine models; VDR vitamin D receptor; qPCR; quantitative PCR; yME yield modulus of elasticity; −D 0 µg D3/kg