title: Computational and Immunohistochemical Analyses Highlight AXL as a Potential Prognostic Marker for Ovarian Cancer Patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The activation of the membrane tyrosine kinase AXL is implicated in the migration and invasion in several carcinomas, including ovarian cancer. Herein, we investigated the association of the expression of AXL transcript and protein to the aggressiveness of ovarian cancer, as well as to patient outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overall and relapse-free survival were determined with respect to AXL transcript levels by computational analysis on two publicly available datasets containing data of gene expression from high-grade ovarian cancers (n=776). Immunohistochemical evaluation of AXL protein expression was then performed using a proprietary tissue microarray consisting of 62 ovarian cancers of different histology, grading and staging. Expression was analyzed for association with clinicopathological parameters, including survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both analyzed datasets, AXL transcript expression was significantly associated to both overall and relapse-free survival in high-grade ovarian cancers. Membrane expression of AXL protein was observed in 89% of the analyzed ovarian cancers. A significant correlation was found between AXL expression and serous histologic subtype, higher tumor grade and type II tumors. No significant association between AXL protein expression and patient survival was found in our cohort. AXL is frequently expressed in high-grade serous ovarian cancers and its expression is significantly associated to tumors displaying poor prognosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AXL is a potential prognostic marker for the most aggressive ovarian carcinomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphofunctional Sciences - Histology, Pathology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iassy, Romania Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine - Unit of Molecular Therapies, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Ludmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lozneanu
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine - Unit of Molecular Therapies, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pinciroli
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphofunctional Sciences - Histology, Pathology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iassy, Romania Department of Pathology - "Sf. Spiridon" University Hospital, Iassy, Romania.
authors.forename: Delia Apostol
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ciobanu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomic Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Carcangiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine - Unit of Molecular Therapies, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Canevari
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine - Unit of Molecular Therapies, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tomassetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphofunctional Sciences - Histology, Pathology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iassy, Romania irinadragacaruntu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Irina-Draga
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Căruntu
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009375:Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000401:mortality; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000094963:Axl Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D000094963:Axl Receptor Tyrosine Kinase; C000722289:AXL protein, human
keywords: AXL; gene expression; immunohistochemistry; ovarian carcinoma; prognostic marker