title: UBQLN2 Mediates Autophagy-Independent Protein Aggregate Clearance by the Proteasome.
abstract: Clearance of misfolded and aggregated proteins is central to cell survival. Here, we describe a new pathway for maintaining protein homeostasis mediated by the proteasome shuttle factor UBQLN2. The 26S proteasome degrades polyubiquitylated substrates by recognizing them through stoichiometrically bound ubiquitin receptors, but substrates are also delivered by reversibly bound shuttles. We aimed to determine why these parallel delivery mechanisms exist and found that UBQLN2 acts with the HSP70-HSP110 disaggregase machinery to clear protein aggregates via the 26S proteasome. UBQLN2 recognizes client-bound HSP70 and links it to the proteasome to allow for the degradation of aggregated and misfolded proteins. We further show that this process is active in the cell nucleus, where another system for aggregate clearance, autophagy, does not act. Finally, we found that mutations in UBQLN2, which lead to neurodegeneration in humans, are defective in chaperone binding, impair aggregate clearance, and cause cognitive deficits in mice.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, Henry Wellcome Lab of Cell Biology, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK; The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, The Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hjerpe
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, Henry Wellcome Lab of Cell Biology, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK; The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, The Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland. Electronic address: johnsbett@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bett
authors.affiliation: The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, The Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Keuss
authors.affiliation: Newcastle University Protein and Proteome Analysis, Devonshire Building, Devonshire Terrace, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Solovyova
authors.affiliation: The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, The Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland.
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: McWilliams
authors.affiliation: The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, The Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland.
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Indrajit
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sahu
authors.affiliation: The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, The Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland.
authors.forename: Joby
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Varghese
authors.affiliation: The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, The Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.affiliation: The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, The Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland.
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wightman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, 8th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.
authors.forename: Georgina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Osborne
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, 8th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.
authors.forename: Gillian P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Bates
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Glickman
authors.affiliation: The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, The Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trost
authors.affiliation: The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, The Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland.
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Knebel
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marchesi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, Henry Wellcome Lab of Cell Biology, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK; The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, The Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland. Electronic address: thimo.kurz@glasgow.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Thimo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurz
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D000071183:Autophagy-Related Proteins; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D055879:Gene Knock-In Techniques; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000071058:Huntingtin Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D066329:Protein Aggregates; D017510:Protein Folding; D059748:Proteolysis
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; D000071183:Autophagy-Related Proteins; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; C506812:Htt protein, mouse; D000071058:Huntingtin Protein; D066329:Protein Aggregates; C538988:UBQLN2 protein, mouse; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex