title: Sequential versus concomitant therapy for eradication of Helicobacter Pylori in patients with perforated duodenal ulcer: A randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Comparison of Helicobacter pylori eradication rates, side effects, compliance, cost, and ulcer recurrence of sequential therapy (ST) with that of concomitant therapy (CT) in patients with perforated duodenal ulcer following simple omental patch closure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-eight patients with perforated duodenal ulcer treated with simple closure and found to be H. pylori positive on three months follow-up were randomized to receive either ST or CT for H. pylori eradication. Urease test and Giemsa stain were used to assess for H. pylori eradication status. Follow-up endoscopies were done after 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year to evaluate the ulcer recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  H. pylori eradication rates were similar in ST and CT groups on intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis (71.43% vs 81.80%,P = 0.40). Similar eradication rates were also found in per-protocol (PP) analysis (86.20% vs 90%,P = 0.71). Ulcer recurrence rate in ST groups and CT groups at 3 months (17.14% vs 6.06%,P = 0.26), 6 months (22.86% vs 9.09%,P = 0.19), and at 1 year (25.71% vs 15.15%,P = 0.37) of follow-up was also similar by ITT analysis. Compliance and side effects to therapies were comparable between the groups. The most common side effects were diarrhoea and metallic taste in ST and CT groups, respectively. A complete course of ST costs Indian Rupees (INR) 570.00, whereas CT costs INR 1080.00.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  H. pylori eradication rates, side effects, compliance, cost, and ulcer recurrences were similar between the two groups. The ST was more economical compared with CT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.
authors.forename: Roby
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.
authors.forename: Sathasivam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sureshkumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.
authors.forename: Gubbi S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Sreenath
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.
authors.forename: Vikram
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kate
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D060740:Disease Eradication; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D004384:Duodenoscopy; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010439:Peptic Ulcer Perforation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents