title: Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder and Occurrence of Tic Disorders in Children and Adolescents-What is the Verdict.
abstract: The United States Food and Drug Administration currently states that the use of stimulants in patients with tic disorders and/or family history of tic disorders including Tourette's syndrome is contraindicated. Patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), however, are at increased risk of tics regardless of stimulants use. After evaluating the most recent literature on the incidence of tic disorders in pediatric patients treated with stimulants for ADHD, it is reasonable to say that the incidence of tics and the severity of tics are not increased by the use of these medications. For patients with pre-existing tic disorders, the usual recommended dosing of stimulants should be used because supratherapeutic doses of this class of medications, specifically dextroamphetamine, have shown to exacerbate tic disorders.
authors.forename: Tommi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cooke
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Moses H. Cone Hospital, 1200 N. Elm Street, Greensboro, NC 27401-1020, USA. tszsounc@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tsz-Yin
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: So
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D000075202:Contraindications; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D008774:Methylphenidate