title: Effects of β-Glucan on the Release of Nitric Oxide by Macrophages Stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide.
abstract: This research analyzed the effect of β-glucan that is expected to alleviate the production of the inflammatory mediator in macrophagocytes, which are processed by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ofEscherichia. The incubated layer was used for a nitric oxide (NO) analysis. The DNA-binding activation of the small unit of nuclear factor-κB was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based kit. In the RAW264.7 cells that were vitalized byEscherichia coli(E. coli) LPS, the β-glucan inhibited both the combatant and rendering phases of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS)-derived NO. β-Glucan increased the expression of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the cells that were stimulated byE. coliLPS, and the HO-1 activation was inhibited by the tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP). This shows that the NO production induced by LPS is related to the inhibition effect of β-glucan. The phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and the p38 induced by the LPS were not influenced by the β-glucan, and the inhibitory κB-α (IκB-α) decomposition was not influenced either. Instead, β-glucan remarkably inhibited the phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) that was induced by theE. coliLPS. Overall, the β-glucan inhibited the production of NO in macrophagocytes that was vitalized by theE .coliLPS through the HO-1 induction and the STAT1 pathways inhibition in this research. As the host immune response control by β-glucan weakens the progress of the inflammatory disease, β-glucan can be used as an effective immunomodulator.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Korea.
authors.forename: E Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, IALS, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Korea.
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hyeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Korea.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Korea.
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Keum
authors.affiliation: Glucan Corporation, Gijang-gun, Busan 46048, Korea.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Glucan Corporation, Gijang-gun, Busan 46048, Korea.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Korea.
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Cho
keywords: Lipopolysaccharide [LPS]; Nitric Oxide [NO]; RAW 264.7 Cells; STAT1; β-Glucan