title: Physiological and biochemical mechanisms of spermine-induced cadmium stress tolerance in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) seedlings.
abstract: The role of exogenous spermine (0.25 mM Spm, a type of polyamine (PA) in reducing Cd uptake and alleviating Cd toxicity (containing 1 and 1.5 mM CdCl2in the growing media) effects was studied in the mung bean (Vigna radiata L. cv. BARI Mung-2) plant. Exogenously applied Spm reduced Cd content, accumulation, and translocation in different plant parts. Increasing phytochelatin content, exogenous Spm reduced Cd accumulation and translocation. Spm application reduced the Cd-induced oxidative damage which was reflected from the reduction of H2O2content, O2•-generation rate, lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, and lipid peroxidation level and also reflected from the reduction of spots of H2O2and O2•-from mung bean leaves (compared to control treatment). Spm pretreatment increased non-enzymatic antioxidant contents (ascorbate, AsA, and glutathione, GSH) and activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and glutathione reductase (GR) which reduced oxidative stress. The cytotoxicity of methylglyoxal (MG) is also reduced by exogenous Spm because it enhanced glyoxalase system enzymes and components. Through osmoregulation, Spm maintained a better water status of Cd-affected mung bean seedlings. Spm prevented the chl damage and increased its content. Exogenous Spm also modulated the endogenous free PAs level which might have the roles in improving physiological processes including antioxidant capacity, osmoregulation, and Cd and MG detoxification capacity. The overall Spm-induced tolerance of mung bean seedlings to Cd toxicity was reflected through improved growth of mung bean seedlings.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan.|Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Kamrun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nahar
authors.affiliation: Molecular Breeding Laboratory, Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Motiar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Mirza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasanuzzaman
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan.
authors.forename: Md Mahabub
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan.|Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Anisur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Biomass Chemistry Laboratory, Bioresource Science for Manufacturing, Department of Applied Bioresource Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshisada
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan. fujita@ag.kagawa-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujita
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011765:Pyruvaldehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013096:Spermine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D000070658:Vigna / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002104:Cadmium; D013096:Spermine; D011765:Pyruvaldehyde; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; C020666:glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate); D005982:Glutathione Transferase
keywords: Cd toxicity; Metal chelation; Methylglyoxal; Polyamine; Reactive oxygen species