title: Intensive social cognitive treatment (can do treatment) with participation of support partners in persons with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: observation of improved self-efficacy, quality of life, anxiety and depression 1 year later.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) self-efficacy positively affects health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and physical activity. In a previous study we observed that 6 months after an intensive 3-day social cognitive treatment (Can Do treatment) with the participation of support partners, self-efficacy and HRQoL had improved in persons with relapsing remitting MS (RRMS). Given the chronic nature of the disease, it is important to know whether these beneficial changes may last.
  
  
  METHODS
  Can Do treatment was given to 60 persons with MS and their support partners. At baseline and 12 months after treatment self-efficacy control, self-efficacy function, physical and mental HRQoL, anxiety, depression and fatigue were assessed via self-report questionnaires. Differences were tested via a paired t test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 57 persons with MS that completed the baseline assessment and the 3-day treatment, 38 filled in the 12th month questionnaires (response rate 66.7 %), 22 with RRMS and 14 with progressive MS. In the RR group self-efficacy control had increased by 20.2 % and physical HRQoL by 15.0 %, and depression and anxiety had decreased by 29.8 and 25.9 %, respectively (all P < 0.05); the changes in mental HRQoL (+17 %) and fatigue (-20 %) failed to be statistically significant (P = 0.087, P = 0.080, respectively). In the progressive group no changes suggestive of improvement were seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that a 3-day intensive social cognitive treatment (Can Do treatment) with the participation of support partners may have long lasting beneficial effects on the self-efficacy and HRQoL in persons with RRMS; and that improvements in anxiety and depression, not seen in the 6-month study, may yet develop at 12 months.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands. p.j.h.jongen@rug.nl.|MS4 Research Institute, Ubbergseweg 34, 6522 KJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. p.j.h.jongen@rug.nl.
authors.forename: Peter Joseph
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Jongen
authors.affiliation: National Multiple Sclerosis Foundation The Netherlands, Mathenesserlaan 378, 3023 HB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heerings
authors.affiliation: Medical Psychiatric Centre PsyToBe, Metroweg 50, 3083 BB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ruimschotel
authors.affiliation: National Multiple Sclerosis Foundation The Netherlands, Mathenesserlaan 378, 3023 HB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hussaarts
authors.affiliation: Medical Psychiatric Centre PsyToBe, Metroweg 50, 3083 BB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lotte
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duyverman
authors.affiliation: National Multiple Sclerosis Foundation The Netherlands, Mathenesserlaan 378, 3023 HB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anneke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van der Zande
authors.affiliation: Fysiotherapie Maaspoort, Maaspoortweg 182, 5235 KB, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Valkenburg-Vissers
authors.affiliation: National Multiple Sclerosis Foundation The Netherlands, Mathenesserlaan 378, 3023 HB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maarten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Droffelaar
authors.affiliation: Department for Health Evidence, Radboud university medical centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lemmens
authors.affiliation: Department for Health Evidence, Radboud university medical centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rogier
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Donders
authors.affiliation: Multiple Sclerosis Center Midden Brabant, EZT, Location St. Elisabeth, Hilvarenbeekseweg 60, 5022 GC, Tilburg, The Netherlands.|University of Humanistic Studies, Kromme Nieuwegracht 29, 3512 HD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Leo H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Visser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology; D005221:Fatigue / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000072858:Psychosocial Support Systems; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Anxiety; Autonomy; Cognitive; Depression; Fatigue; Multiple sclerosis; Participation; Quality of life; Self-efficacy; Social