title: Multivariate analysis of ultrasound-recorded dorsal strain sequences: Investigation of dynamic neck extensions in women with chronic whiplash associated disorders.
abstract: Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD) refers to the multifaceted and chronic burden that is common after a whiplash injury. Tools to assist in the diagnosis of WAD and an increased understanding of neck muscle behaviour are needed. We examined the multilayer dorsal neck muscle behaviour in nine women with chronic WAD versus healthy controls during the entire sequence of a dynamic low-loaded neck extension exercise, which was recorded using real-time ultrasound movies with high frame rates. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares were used to analyse mechanical muscle strain (deformation in elongation and shortening). The WAD group showed more shortening during the neck extension phase in the trapezius muscle and during both the neck extension and the return to neutral phase in the multifidus muscle. For the first time, a novel non-invasive method is presented that is capable of detecting altered dorsal muscle strain in women with WAD during an entire exercise sequence. This method may be a breakthrough for the future diagnosis and treatment of WAD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anneli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peolsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Sweden.|Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland, Uppsala University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gunnel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.affiliation: Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trygg
authors.affiliation: Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nilsson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007249:Inflammation; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009333:Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D064171:Superficial Back Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D064232:Visual Analog Scale; D014911:Whiplash Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D055815:Young Adult