title: Comparison of fatty acid intakes assessed by a cardiovascular-specific food frequency questionnaire with red blood cell membrane fatty acids in hyperlipidaemic Australian adults: a validation study.
abstract: Limited dietary intake tools have been validated specifically for hyperlipidaemic adults. The Australian Eating Survey (AES) Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was adapted to include foods with cardio-protective properties (CVD-AES). The aims were to estimate dietary fatty acid (FA) intakes derived from the CVD-AES and AES and compare them with red blood cell (RBC) membrane FA content.
  
  
  
  Dietary intake was measured using the semi-quantitative 120-item AES and 177-item CVD-AES. Nutrient intakes were calculated using AUSNUT 2011-2013. Fasting RBC membrane FAs were assessed using gas chromatography. Extent of agreement between intakes estimated by AES or CVD-AES and RBC membrane composition (% of total FAs) for linoleic acid (LA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentanoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficients, adjusted linear regressions and Kappa statistics.
  
  
  
  Data from 39 participants (72% female, 59.3±11.1 years) indicate stronger positive correlations between RBC membrane FAs and CVD-AES dietary estimates compared with the AES. Significant (P<0.05) moderate-strong correlations were found between CVD-AES FAs and FA proportions in RBC membranes for EPA (r=0.62), DHA (r=0.53) and DPA (r=0.42), with a moderate correlation for LA (r=0.39) and no correlation with ALA. Significant moderate correlations were found with the AES for DHA (r=0.39), but not for LA, ALA, EPA or DPA.
  
  
  
  The CVD-AES provides a more accurate estimate of long chain FA intakes in hyperlipidaemic adults, compared with AES estimates. This indicates that a CVD-specific FFQ should be used when evaluating FA intakes in this population.
authors: Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.|Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, ATC Building, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.
authors: T L
authors: TL
authors: Schumacher
authors: Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.|Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, ATC Building, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.
authors: T L
authors: TL
authors: Burrows
authors: Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.|Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, ATC Building, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.
authors: M E
authors: ME
authors: Rollo
authors: Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.|Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.
authors: L G
authors: LG
authors: Wood
authors: Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.|Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, ATC Building, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Callister
authors: Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.|Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, ATC Building, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.
authors: C E
authors: CE
authors: Collins
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D001315:Australia; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D004435:Eating; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000737:chemistry; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000097:blood; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008563:Membrane Lipids