title: One-year Survey of human enteroviruses from sewage and the factors affecting virus adsorption to the suspended solids.
abstract: This study described the results of environmental enterovirus surveillance conducted in Shandong Province of China in 2013. Altogether 39 sewage samples were collected and 873 enterovirus isolates (including 334 polioviruses) belonging to 22 serotypes were obtained. Echovirus (E) -7, coxsackievirus (CV) -B5, E-11, E-6, and E-3 were the most commonly detected non-polio enterovirus serotypes, and phylogeny of E-7 and CV-B5 was described. The numbers of isolates of different serotypes from sewage supernatant were compared with those from the solids. Interestingly, dramatic divergence was observed between the supernatant and solids origin for the serotypes of E-3 and E-6, which were prone to the solids and supernatant, respectively. A following adsorption test with E-3 and E-6 added sewage specimens confirmed the different preference. Furthermore, the adsorption of Sabin poliovirus type 1 to the solids under different conditions was investigated, and the results showed that acid medium, cold temperature, and high solids concentration facilitated the viral adsorption to the solids, whereas change of virus titer did not influence the proportion of adsorption. These results highlighted the importance of combining the enterovirus isolates from the supernatant and solids together in environmental surveillance so as to better understand the local circulation of different serotypes.
authors: Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.|Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors: Zexin
authors: Z
authors: Tao
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong's Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors: Zhongtang
authors: Z
authors: Wang
authors: Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.|Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors: Xiaojuan
authors: X
authors: Lin
authors: Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.|Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors: Suting
authors: S
authors: Wang
authors: Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.|Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors: Haiyan
authors: H
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Hiromu
authors: H
authors: Yoshida
authors: Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.|Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.|School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors: Aiqiang
authors: A
authors: Xu
authors: School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yanyan
authors: Y
authors: Song
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D065288:Serogroup; D012722:Sewage / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; D012722:Sewage