title: Genetic characterization of cysteine-rich type-b avenin-like protein coding genes in common wheat.
abstract: The wheat avenin-like proteins (ALP) are considered atypical gluten constituents and have shown positive effects on dough properties revealed using a transgenic approach. However, to date the genetic architecture of ALP genes is unclear, making it impossible to be utilized in wheat breeding. In the current study, three genes of type-b ALPs were identified and mapped to chromosomes 7AS, 4AL and 7DS. The coding gene sequence of both TaALP-7A and TaALP-7D was 855 bp long, encoding two identical homologous 284 amino acid long proteins. TaALP-4A was 858 bp long, encoding a 285 amino acid protein variant. Three alleles were identified for TaALP-7A and four for TaALP-4A. TaALP-7A alleles were of two types: type-1, which includes TaALP-7A1 andTaALP-7A2, encodes mature proteins, while type-2, represented byTaALP-7A3, contains a stop codon in the coding region and thus does not encode a mature protein. Dough quality testing of 102 wheat cultivars established a highly significant association of the type-1 TaALP-7A allele with better wheat processing quality. This allelic effects were confirmed among a range of commercial wheat cultivars. Our research makes the ALP be the first of such genetic variation source that can be readily utilized in wheat breeding.
authors: College of Agronomy, Northwest A &F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.|Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, School of Veterinary &Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth WA 6150, Australia.|Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, 250100, Jinan China.
authors: X Y
authors: XY
authors: Chen
authors: Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, 250100, Jinan China.
authors: X Y
authors: XY
authors: Cao
authors: Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, School of Veterinary &Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth WA 6150, Australia.
authors: Y J
authors: YJ
authors: Zhang
authors: Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, School of Veterinary &Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth WA 6150, Australia.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Islam
authors: Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, School of Veterinary &Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth WA 6150, Australia.
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: Zhang
authors: Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, School of Veterinary &Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth WA 6150, Australia.
authors: R C
authors: RC
authors: Yang
authors: Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, 250100, Jinan China.
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: Liu
authors: Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, 250100, Jinan China.
authors: G Y
authors: GY
authors: Li
authors: Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, School of Veterinary &Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth WA 6150, Australia.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Appels
authors: Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, School of Veterinary &Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth WA 6150, Australia.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Keeble-Gagnere
authors: College of Agronomy, Northwest A &F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
authors: W Q
authors: WQ
authors: Ji
authors: National Wheat Improvement Centre, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South St, Haidian District, Beijing, China 100081.
authors: Z H
authors: ZH
authors: He
authors: Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, School of Veterinary &Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth WA 6150, Australia.
authors: W J
authors: WJ
authors: Ma
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001939:Bread / Q000032:analysis; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D003545:Cysteine / Q000378:metabolism*; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D000069600:Plant Breeding / Q000379:methods*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D055315:Prolamins / Q000235:genetics*; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant; D055315:Prolamins; D003545:Cysteine