title: Screening of pesticide residues in honeybee wax comb by LC-ESI-MS/MS. A pilot study.
abstract: A developed multi-residue method using microflow-LC-ESI-QqQ-MS provided a wide-scope analysis for medium-polar and polar pesticide residues (120 compounds including breakdown products). Honeybee wax comb samples were extracted using a generic QuEChERS based procedure. Acceptable recoveries at concentration levels of 5 and 50 μg kg(-1) were within the 70-120% range with an associated precision RSD <20%. The LOQ values were mostly 5 μg kg(-1) for almost all pesticides. Aprox. 31 of 120 LC-amenable pesticides tested (25.8%) were detected in a pilot study of 60 samples. Pesticide residues detected using the proposed method were: the breakdown products of amitraz, DMPF and DMF, an acaricide used for Varroa mite control, with a range of concentration from 5 to 464 μg kg(-1) (sum of DMPF + DMF), organophosphate insecticides from 1 to 464 μg kg(-1), acaricides at concentrations > 9 μg kg(-1); fungicides at concentrations ranging from 1 to 23 μg kg(-1.) The number of positive detections due to herbicides was lower as expected and at a lower level of concentration, from 1 to 5.9 μg kg(-1).
authors: European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables, University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 04120, Almería, Spain.
authors: Sonia
authors: S
authors: Herrera López
authors: European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables, University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 04120, Almería, Spain.
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Lozano
authors: National Agricultural Technology Institute (INTA), Concordia Agricultural Experimental Station, Argentina.
authors: Alexis
authors: A
authors: Sosa
authors: National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), 28040, Madrid, Spain.
authors: M Dolores
authors: MD
authors: Hernando
authors: European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables, University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 04120, Almería, Spain. Electronic address: amadeo@ual.es.
authors: Amadeo R
authors: AR
authors: Fernández-Alba
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000378:metabolism*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D014885:Waxes / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues; D014885:Waxes; C038228:beeswax
keywords: Honeybee wax comb; LC-Amenable compounds; Microflow-LC-MS/MS; Pesticide residues; Trace analysis