title: Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in rat thyroid toxicity caused by excess fluoride and/or iodide.
abstract: Excess fluoride and iodide coexist in drinking water in many regions, but few studies have investigated the single or interactive effects on thyroid in vivo. In our study, Wistar rats were exposed to excess fluoride and/or iodide through drinking water for 2 or 8 months. The structure and function of the thyroid, cells apoptosis and the expression of inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) pathway-related factors were analyzed. Results demonstrated that excess fluoride and/or iodide could change thyroid follicular morphology and alter thyroid hormone levels in rats. After 8 months treatment, both single and co-exposure of the two microelements could raise the thyroid cells apoptosis. However, the expressions of IRE1-related factors were only increased in fluoride-alone and the combined groups. In conclusion, thyroid structure and thyroid function were both affected by excess fluoride and/or iodide. IRE1-induced apoptosis were involved in this cytotoxic process caused by fluoride or the combination of two microelements.
authors: Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300011, PR China; School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, PR China. Electronic address: hongliang_liu@sina.com.
authors: Hongliang
authors: H
authors: Liu
authors: Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300011, PR China.
authors: Changchun
authors: C
authors: Hou
authors: Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300011, PR China.
authors: Qiang
authors: Q
authors: Zeng
authors: Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300011, PR China.
authors: Liang
authors: L
authors: Zhao
authors: Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300011, PR China.
authors: Yushan
authors: Y
authors: Cui
authors: Tanggu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 43 Fujiang Road, Tianjin Binhai New Area, Tianjin 300450, PR China.
authors: Linyu
authors: L
authors: Yu
authors: School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, PR China.
authors: Lingzhi
authors: L
authors: Wang
authors: School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, PR China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Zhao
authors: School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, PR China.
authors: Junyan
authors: J
authors: Nie
authors: School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, PR China.
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, PR China. Electronic address: wangaiguo@mails.tjmu.edu.cn.
authors: Aiguo
authors: A
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D007452:Iodates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D007452:Iodates; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; C486557:Ern2 protein, rat; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C039693:potassium iodate
keywords: Endoplasmic reticulum stress; Fluoride; Iodide; Rat; Thyroid