title: An unusual case of asymptomatic non-urothelial bladder tumour.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-urothelial tumours are rare and account for less than 5% of all bladder tumours. Bladder paragangliomas also known as extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas are of the non-urothelial subgroup. We present an unusual case of asymptomatic bladder paraganglioma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 77year old lady presented with acute abdominal pain was found to have an incidental enhancing nodule in the bladder. During cystoscopy and transurethral resection the patient experienced significant fluctuations in blood pressure that required anaesthetic adjustments. Review of histology confirmed a diagnosis of bladder paraganglioma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most bladder paraganglioma cases present with sympathomimetic related symptoms and microscopic haematuria but our patient was asymptomatic which resulted in inadequate pre-operative optimisation and high anaesthetic risk. Majority of paragangliomas are benign but there is a 20-40% chance of malignancy. The management options will predominantly depend on whether disease is localised, regional, metastatic or recurrent in nature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Due to the non-specific nature of disease, variability of presentations and rare incidence, bladder paragangliomas are often not part of the urologists' differential diagnoses. In our opinion, establishing guidelines should assist to achieve a balance between anaesthetic risks, cystoscopy and follow up.
authors: Fiona Stanley Hospital, Western Australia, Australia.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Ching
authors: Department of Urology, Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom.
authors: Eleni
authors: E
authors: Anastasiadis
authors: Department of Urology, Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Sarbjinder.sandhu@kingstonhospital.nhs.uk.
authors: Sarb
authors: S
authors: Sandhu
keywords: Case report; Cystoscopy and transurethral resection; Extra-adrenal; Non-urothelial bladder tumour; Paraganglioma; Urinary bladder neoplasms