title: Comparison of laboratory and field testing performance evaluations of siloxane-polyurethane fouling-release marine coatings.
abstract: A series of eight novel siloxane-polyurethane fouling-release (FR) coatings were assessed for their FR performance in both the laboratory and in the field. Laboratory analysis included adhesion assessments of bacteria, microalgae, macroalgal spores, adult barnacles and pseudobarnacles using high-throughput screening techniques, while field evaluations were conducted in accordance with standardized testing methods at three different ocean testing sites over the course of six-months exposure. The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis in order to identify potential correlations. In general, there was good agreement between the laboratory screening assays and the field assessments, with both regimes clearly distinguishing the siloxane-polyurethane compositions comprising monofunctional poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) (m-PDMS) as possessing superior, broad-spectrum FR properties compared to those prepared with difunctional PDMS (d-PDMS). Of the seven laboratory screening techniques, the Cellulophaga lytica biofilm retraction and reattached barnacle (Amphibalanus amphitrite) adhesion assays were shown to be the most predictive of broad-spectrum field performance.
authors: a Office of Research and Creative Activity , North Dakota State University , Fargo , ND , USA.
authors: Shane J
authors: SJ
authors: Stafslien
authors: b Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials , North Dakota State University , Fargo , ND , USA.
authors: Stacy
authors: S
authors: Sommer
authors: b Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials , North Dakota State University , Fargo , ND , USA.
authors: Dean C
authors: DC
authors: Webster
authors: b Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials , North Dakota State University , Fargo , ND , USA.
authors: Rajan
authors: R
authors: Bodkhe
authors: b Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials , North Dakota State University , Fargo , ND , USA.
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Pieper
authors: a Office of Research and Creative Activity , North Dakota State University , Fargo , ND , USA.
authors: Justin
authors: J
authors: Daniels
authors: a Office of Research and Creative Activity , North Dakota State University , Fargo , ND , USA.
authors: Lyndsi
authors: L
authors: Vander Wal
authors: c School of Biological Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , AL , USA.
authors: Maureen C
authors: MC
authors: Callow
authors: c School of Biological Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , AL , USA.
authors: James A
authors: JA
authors: Callow
authors: d Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control , Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , FL , USA.
authors: Emily
authors: E
authors: Ralston
authors: d Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control , Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , FL , USA.
authors: Geoff
authors: G
authors: Swain
authors: e Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University , San Luis Obispo , CA , USA.
authors: Lenora
authors: L
authors: Brewer
authors: e Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University , San Luis Obispo , CA , USA.
authors: Dean
authors: D
authors: Wendt
authors: f National University of Singapore, Tropical Marine Science Institute , Singapore.
authors: Gary H
authors: GH
authors: Dickinson
authors: f National University of Singapore, Tropical Marine Science Institute , Singapore.
authors: Chin-Sing
authors: CS
authors: Lim
authors: f National University of Singapore, Tropical Marine Science Institute , Singapore.
authors: Serena Lay-Ming
authors: SL
authors: Teo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D057219:Biofouling / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes / Q000737:chemistry; D041965:Flavobacteriaceae / Q000502:physiology; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays; D058086:Microalgae / Q000502:physiology; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D012833:Siloxanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D001468:Thoracica / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D011140:Polyurethanes; D012833:Siloxanes; C501844:dimethicone
keywords: Biofouling; field testing; fouling-release; marine coatings