title: Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of MTA with and without Additives Like Silver Zeolite and Chlorhexidine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Microorganisms, predominantly Enterococcus faecalis are found responsible in the progression of pulpal, periradicular diseases and in endodontic failures. Unsuccessful conventional treatment might necessitate the need for a surgical approach; where in retrograde restorative materials are used to seal the apex. Among the root end filling materials, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) is considered biocompatible and is most commonly used in clinical applications but it has limited antibacterial activity. Metallic silver and chlorhexidine have been added into various dental materials to enhance the antibacterial activity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to compare the antibacterial effect of MTA, MTA mixed with silver zeolite and MTA mixed with chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecalis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Test materials used in the study were divided into three groups namely Group 1- MTA, Group 2-MTA + Silver Zeolite, Group 3-MTA + Chlorhexidine. Direct contact test was done by placing a standardized suspension of Enterococcus faecalis on the test materials in a 96 well microtiter plate. The bacterial growth was measured spectrophotometrically using ELISA reader at intervals of one, three and seven days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data was collected by recording the optical density and analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple post hoc test followed by paired-t test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All test groups showed antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis at day one, three and seven. MTA with silver zeolite showed the maximum antibacterial activity followed by MTA with 2% chlorhexidine. The least antibacterial effect was shown by MTA mixed with sterile water.
authors: Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery , Vikarabad, India .
authors: Kiran
authors: K
authors: Ghatole
authors: Professor and Head, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, K.L.E. V.K. Institute of Dental Sciences , Belgaum, India .
authors: Anand
authors: A
authors: Patil
authors: Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, K.L.E. V.K. Institute of Dental Sciences , Belgaum, India .
authors: Ramesh Halebathi
authors: RH
authors: Giriyappa
authors: Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery , Vikarabad, India .
authors: Thakur Veerandar
authors: TV
authors: Singh
authors: Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery , Vikarabad, India .
authors: Sistla Venkata
authors: SV
authors: Jyotsna
authors: Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, HKE'S S. Nijalingappa Dental College , Kalaburgi, India .
authors: Surabhi
authors: S
authors: Rairam
keywords: Antibacterial additives; Direct contact test; Enterococcus faecalis; Root end filling materials