title: In-Vitro dual inhibition of protein glycation, and oxidation by some Arabian plants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of epidemic proportion, projected to become the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world in future. Despite extensive research in understanding this disease at molecular level, and the discovery of new drugs, diabetes and its complications remain largely untreated. Many of the late diabetic complications are associated with the glycation of proteins in the body. Natural flora has long been a rich source for therapeutic agents, especially against diabetes. The present study deals with the anti-glycation properties of some medicinally important plants of Arabian region.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six medicinal plants, commonly found in different regions of Arabian Peninsula, were evaluated for their protein anti-glycation activity by using BSA-MG glycation assay in-vitro. The extracts were incubated with BSA and MG at 37 °C for 9 days, each sample was then examined for the presence of fluorescence (λex 330 nm, and λem 420 nm), which represent the extent of protein glycation. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by using 1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), iron chelation, and superoxide radical scavenging asaays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data revealed that out of 26 medicinal plants, five plants viz. Sida cordifolia, Plumbago zeylanica, Tribulus terrestris, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and Rosa indica were active against the in-vitro protein glycation with IC50 values between 0.408- 1.690 mg/mL. Among the active plants, Glycyrrhiza glabra L. was found to be the most potent (IC50 = 0.408 ± 0.027 mg/mL), followed by Rosa indica (IC50 = 0.596 ± 0.0179 mg/mL), and Sida cordifolia L. (IC50 = 0.63 ± 0.009 mg/mL). The antioxidant potential of these plant extracts were also determined by using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), iron chelation, and superoxide anion radical scavenging assays. Among five plants, Sida cordifolia exhibited a potent anti-oxidant activity in both DPPH and superoxide anion radical scavenging assays (IC50 = 0.005 ± 0.0004, and 0.078 ± 0.002 mg/mL, respectively), followed by Rosa indica (IC50 = 0.023 ± 0.0005 and 0.141 ± 0.003 mg/mL, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Protein glycation in hyperglycemic conditions involve oxidative changes. Therefore dual inhibition of protein glycation and oxidation are desirable properties in any test substance investigated for therapeutic purposes.
authors: Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.|A. R. Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Maqsood A
authors: MA
authors: Siddiqui
authors: H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
authors: Saima
authors: S
authors: Rasheed
authors: Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.|A. R. Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Quaiser
authors: Q
authors: Saquib
authors: Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Abdulaziz A
authors: AA
authors: Al-Khedhairy
authors: Departments of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Mansour S
authors: MS
authors: Al-Said
authors: Department of Agriculture Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, AMU, Aligarh, 202002, India.
authors: Javed
authors: J
authors: Musarrat
authors: H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan. iqbal.choudhary@iccs.edu.
authors: Muhammad Iqbal
authors: MI
authors: Choudhary
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D006031:Glycosylation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008877:Middle East; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine
keywords: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs); Antioxidant; Arabian medicinal plants; Diabetes; Glycyrrhiza glabra L.; Rosa indica L.; Sida cordifolia L.