title: Monitoring of freshwater toxins in European environmental waters by using novel multi-detection methods.
abstract: Monitoring the quality of freshwater is an important issue for public health. In the context of the European project μAqua, 150 samples were collected from several waters in France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, and Turkey for 2 yr. These samples were analyzed using 2 multitoxin detection methods previously developed: a microsphere-based method coupled to flow-cytometry, and an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method. The presence of microcystins, nodularin, domoic acid, cylindrospermopsin, and several analogues of anatoxin-a (ATX-a) was monitored. No traces of cylindrospermopsin or domoic acid were found in any of the environmental samples. Microcystin-LR and microcystin-RR were detected in 2 samples from Turkey and Germany. In the case of ATX-a derivatives, 75% of samples contained mainly H2-ATX-a and small amounts of H2-homoanatoxin-a, whereas ATX-a and homoanatoxin-a were found in only 1 sample. These results confirm the presence and wide distribution of dihydro derivatives of ATX-a toxins in European freshwaters. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:645-654. © 2016 SETAC.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.
authors: Ines
authors: I
authors: Rodriguez
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Fraga
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.
authors: Amparo
authors: A
authors: Alfonso
authors: Microbia Environnement, Observatoire Océanologique, France.
authors: Delphine
authors: D
authors: Guillebault
authors: Microbia Environnement, Observatoire Océanologique, France.|Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, Centre National de la Recherché Scientifique, Observatoire Océanologique Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
authors: Linda
authors: L
authors: Medlin
authors: Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, Centre National de la Recherché Scientifique, Observatoire Océanologique Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Baudart
authors: Centre de Recherche de Saint Maurice, Veolia Recherche et Innovation Immeuble le Dufy, St. Maurice, France.
authors: Pauline
authors: P
authors: Jacob
authors: Centre de Recherche de Saint Maurice, Veolia Recherche et Innovation Immeuble le Dufy, St. Maurice, France.
authors: Karim
authors: K
authors: Helmi
authors: MariLim Aquatic Research, Schoenkirchen, Germany.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Meyer
authors: MariLim Aquatic Research, Schoenkirchen, Germany.
authors: Ulrich
authors: U
authors: Breitenbach
authors: School of Biosystems Engineering, Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
authors: Nicholas M
authors: NM
authors: Holden
authors: School of Biosystems Engineering, Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
authors: Bas
authors: B
authors: Boots
authors: Laboratory of Genetics, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Spurio
authors: Laboratory of Genetics, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
authors: Lucia
authors: L
authors: Cimarelli
authors: Environmental, Quality and Fishfarm Unit, Environment & Primary Prevention Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Mancini
authors: Environmental, Quality and Fishfarm Unit, Environment & Primary Prevention Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors: Stefania
authors: S
authors: Marcheggiani
authors: Fisheries Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Meric
authors: M
authors: Albay
authors: Fisheries Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Reyhan
authors: R
authors: Akcaalan
authors: Fisheries Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Latife
authors: L
authors: Köker
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.
authors: Luis M
authors: LM
authors: Botana
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000254:growth & development; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005068:Eutrophication; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005602:France; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D005858:Germany; D007558:Italy; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D014326:Tropanes / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D014421:Turkey; D014498:Uracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D014326:Tropanes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C524097:homoanatoxin-a; C063998:nodularin; C089595:cylindrospermopsin; D014498:Uracil; C509783:anatoxin a; C063855:microcystin RR; C057862:cyanoginosin LR
keywords: Anatoxin-a; Dihydro-anatoxin-a; Freshwater toxins; Homo-anatoxin-a; Microcystins