title: Induction and Purification of C. difficile Phage Tail-Like Particles.
abstract: Due to the inherent limitations of conventional antibiotics for the treatment of C. difficile infection (CDI), there is a growing interest in the development of alternative treatment strategies. Both bacteriophages and R-type bacteriocins, also known as phage tail-like particles (PTLPs), show promise as potential antibacterial alternatives for treating CDI. Similar to bacteriophages, but lacking a viral capsid and genome, PTLPs remain capable of killing target bacteria. Here we describe our experience in the induction and purification of C. difficile PTLPs. These methods have been optimized to allow production of concentrated, non-contractile, and non-aggregated samples for both sensitivity testing and structural electron microscopy studies.
authors: Department of Surgery, Division of Colorectal Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, H-137, 850, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA. jhegarty1@hmc.psu.edu.
authors: John P
authors: JP
authors: Hegarty
authors: Department of Surgery, Division of Colorectal Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, H-137, 850, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
authors: William
authors: W
authors: Sangster
authors: Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.|Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
authors: Robert E
authors: RE
authors: Ashley
authors: Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
authors: Roland
authors: R
authors: Myers
authors: Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.|Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Hafenstein
authors: Department of Surgery, Division of Colorectal Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, H-137, 850, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA. dstewart@hmc.psu.edu.
authors: David B
authors: DB
authors: Stewart
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001430:Bacteriocins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002499:Centrifugation, Density Gradient; D002586:Cesium / Q000737:chemistry; D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000821:virology*; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009643:Norfloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology; D011485:Protein Binding; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014771:Virion / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001430:Bacteriocins; D002712:Chlorides; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D002586:Cesium; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate; C028019:cesium chloride; D009643:Norfloxacin; C000595216:polyethylene glycol 8000
keywords: Clostridium difficile; Induction; Microscopy; Phage tail-like particles; Purification