title: Biogenesis of the Gram-positive bacterial cell envelope.
abstract: The Gram-positive cell envelope serves as a molecular platform for surface display of capsular polysaccharides, wall teichoic acids (WTAs), lipoteichoic acids (LTAs), lipoproteins, surface proteins and pili. WTAs, LTAs, and sortase-assembled pili are a few features that make the Gram-positive cell envelope distinct from the Gram-negative counterpart. Interestingly, a set of LytR-CpsA-Psr family proteins, found in all Gram-positives but limited to a minority of Gram-negative organisms, plays divergent functions, while decorating the cell envelope with glycans. Furthermore, a phylum of Gram-positive bacteria, the actinobacteria, appear to employ oxidative protein folding as the major folding mechanism, typically occurring in an oxidizing environment of the Gram-negative periplasm. These distinctive features will be highlighted, along with recent findings in the cell envelope biogenesis.
authors: Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
authors: Sara D
authors: SD
authors: Siegel
authors: Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: ton-that.hung@uth.tmc.edu.
authors: Hung
authors: H
authors: Ton-That
mesh_terms: D039903:Actinobacteria / Q000502:physiology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019897:Periplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D017510:Protein Folding; D013682:Teichoic Acids / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011134:Polysaccharides; D013682:Teichoic Acids; C009900:lipoteichoic acid