title: Original Research: Effect of various dietary fats on fatty acid profile in duck liver: Efficient conversion of short-chain to long-chain omega-3 fatty acids.
abstract: Omega-3 fatty acids, especially long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, have been associated with potential health benefits for chronic disease prevention. Our previous studies found that dietary omega-3 fatty acids could accumulate in the meat and eggs in a duck model. This study was to reveal the effects of various dietary fats on fatty acid profile and conversion of omega-3 fatty acids in duck liver. Female Shan Partridge Ducks were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments, each consisting of 6 replicates of 30 birds. The experimental diets substituted the basal diet by 2% of flaxseed oil, rapeseed oil, beef tallow, or fish oil, respectively. In addition, a dose response study was further conducted for flaxseed and fish oil diets at 0.5%, 1%, and 2%, respectively. At the end of the five-week treatment, fatty acids were extracted from the liver samples and analyzed by GC-FID. As expected, the total omega-3 fatty acids and the ratio of total omega-3/omega-6 significantly increased in both flaxseed and fish oil groups when compared with the control diet. No significant change of total saturated fatty acids or omega-3 fatty acids was found in both rapeseed and beef tallow groups. The dose response study further indicated that 59-81% of the short-chain omega-3 ALA in flaxseed oil-fed group was efficiently converted to long-chain DHA in the duck liver, whereas 1% of dietary flaxseed oil could produce an equivalent level of DHA as 0.5% of dietary fish oil. The more omega-3 fatty acids, the less omega-6 fatty acids in the duck liver. Taken together, this study showed the fatty acid profiling in the duck liver after various dietary fat consumption, provided insight into a dose response change of omega-3 fatty acids, indicated an efficient conversion of short- to long-chain omega-3 fatty acid, and suggested alternative long-chain omega-3 fatty acid-enriched duck products for human health benefits.
authors: Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
authors: Xi
authors: X
authors: Chen
authors: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
authors: Xue
authors: X
authors: Du
authors: Zhejiang Zhuowang Agriculture Sci-Tech Limited Co., Huzhou 313014, China.
authors: Jianliang
authors: J
authors: Shen
authors: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China wwang@ksu.edu.
authors: Lizhi
authors: L
authors: Lu
authors: Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
authors: Weiqun
authors: W
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004372:Ducks; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D008043:Linseed Oil / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D005395:Fish Oils; D010938:Plant Oils; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D008043:Linseed Oil
keywords: Omega-3 fatty acid; dietary fat; duck; health benefits; liver