title: Chemical composition and in vitro activity of Calotropis procera (Ait.) latex on Haemonchus contortus.
abstract: Calotropis procera is among the species of medicinal plants that have traditionally been used for the treatment of parasites in small ruminants, stimulating the scientific validation of anthelmintic effects. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of ethyl acetate extract of Calotropis procera latex (EAECPL), assess the in vitro effect against Haemonchus contortus and the structural changes caused in the adult worm. The latex was collected, lyophilized and subjected to washing with the ethyl acetate solvent to obtain EAECPL. The constituents of the extract were isolated by column chromatography and identified by (13)C and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The egg hatching test (EHT), larval development test (LDT) and adult worms motility test (WMT) were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of EAECPL on eggs, larvae and adult of H. contortus, respectively. The worms obtained from the WMT, after 24h exposure to EAECPL or controls were observed on a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results were analysed by variance analysis and compared with Tukey's test (P<0.05). Three compounds were isolated from EAECPL and identified as urs-19(29)-en-3-yl acetate, (3β)-Urs-19(29)-en-3-ol, and 1-(2',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)-glycerol. In the EHT, EAECPL inhibited larval hatching by 91.8% at dose of 4mg/ml. In the LDT 1mg/ml inhibited 99.8% larval development. In the WMT, EAECPL in the concentration of 100μg/ml inhibited 100% motility of worms, 12h post-exposition. In the SEM, obvious differences were not detected between the negative control worms and the worms treated with EAECPL. In this study, EAECPL showed an effect on inhibition egg hatching, larval development and motility of the adult worms of H. contortus. This should be related both to the identified compounds, as well as the other compounds present in the EAECPL, acting alone or synergistically.
authors: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Brazil.
authors: Géssica S
authors: GS
authors: Cavalcante
authors: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Brazil. Electronic address: selenemaiademorais@gmail.com.
authors: Selene M
authors: SM
authors: de Morais
authors: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Brazil.
authors: Weibson P P
authors: WP
authors: Andre
authors: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Brazil.
authors: Wesley L C
authors: WL
authors: Ribeiro
authors: Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Brazil.
authors: Ana L M
authors: AL
authors: Rodrigues
authors: Laboratório de Microscopia e Microanálise, Centro de Tecnologias Estratégicas do Nordeste, Brazil.
authors: Fábia C M L
authors: FC
authors: De Lira
authors: Laboratório de Microscopia e Microanálise, Centro de Tecnologias Estratégicas do Nordeste, Brazil.
authors: Janaína M
authors: JM
authors: Viana
authors: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Brazil.
authors: Claudia M L
authors: CM
authors: Bevilaqua
mesh_terms: D000018:Abomasum / Q000469:parasitology; D000085:Acetates; D000818:Animals; D031107:Calotropis / Q000737:chemistry*; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005612:Freeze Drying / Q000662:veterinary; D006188:Haemonchiasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006189:Haemonchus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007840:Latex / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000662:veterinary; D010270:Parasite Egg Count / Q000662:veterinary; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D007840:Latex; D010936:Plant Extracts; C007650:ethyl acetate
keywords: Calotropis procera; Gastrointestinal nematodes; Phytotherapy; Sheep