title: Battery-free, stretchable optoelectronic systems for wireless optical characterization of the skin.
abstract: Recent advances in materials, mechanics, and electronic device design are rapidly establishing the foundations for health monitoring technologies that have "skin-like" properties, with options in chronic (weeks) integration with the epidermis. The resulting capabilities in physiological sensing greatly exceed those possible with conventional hard electronic systems, such as those found in wrist-mounted wearables, because of the intimate skin interface. However, most examples of such emerging classes of devices require batteries and/or hard-wired connections to enable operation. The work reported here introduces active optoelectronic systems that function without batteries and in an entirely wireless mode, with examples in thin, stretchable platforms designed for multiwavelength optical characterization of the skin. Magnetic inductive coupling and near-field communication (NFC) schemes deliver power to multicolored light-emitting diodes and extract digital data from integrated photodetectors in ways that are compatible with standard NFC-enabled platforms, such as smartphones and tablet computers. Examples in the monitoring of heart rate and temporal dynamics of arterial blood flow, in quantifying tissue oxygenation and ultraviolet dosimetry, and in performing four-color spectroscopic evaluation of the skin demonstrate the versatility of these concepts. The results have potential relevance in both hospital care and at-home diagnostics.
authors: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.; Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jeonghyun
authors: 0000-0003-3090-1435
authors: J
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.; Electronics Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.
authors: Giovanni A
authors: GA
authors: Salvatore
authors: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors: Hitoshi
authors: H
authors: Araki
authors: Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors: Antonio M
authors: AM
authors: Chiarelli
authors: Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health, and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.; Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Mechanics and Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors: Zhaoqian
authors: Z
authors: Xie
authors: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors: Anthony
authors: 0000-0002-1750-9861
authors: A
authors: Banks
authors: Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors: Xing
authors: 0000-0002-8744-1700
authors: X
authors: Sheng
authors: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors: Yuhao
authors: 0000-0002-2442-5690
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.; Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jung Woo
authors: JW
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors: Kyung-In
authors: KI
authors: Jang
authors: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors: Seung Yun
authors: SY
authors: Heo
authors: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors: Kyoungyeon
authors: K
authors: Cho
authors: Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health, and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.; School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors: Hongying
authors: H
authors: Luo
authors: Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors: Benjamin
authors: 0000-0003-2570-8198
authors: B
authors: Zimmerman
authors: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors: Joonhee
authors: 0000-0002-5458-3614
authors: J
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors: Lingqing
authors: L
authors: Yan
authors: Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Mechanics and Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors: Xue
authors: X
authors: Feng
authors: Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors: Sheng
authors: 0000-0002-3120-4992
authors: S
authors: Xu
authors: Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors: Monica
authors: 0000-0002-7579-2773
authors: M
authors: Fabiani
authors: Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors: Gabriele
authors: 0000-0003-3634-7463
authors: G
authors: Gratton
authors: Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health, and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
authors: Yonggang
authors: Y
authors: Huang
authors: Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.
authors: Ungyu
authors: U
authors: Paik
authors: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors: John A
authors: JA
authors: Rogers
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004581:Electronics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004817:Epidermis / Q000502:physiology; D006339:Heart Rate; D010092:Oximetry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D000072232:Radiation Dosimeters; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012867:Skin; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena; D059015:Wireless Technology
keywords: Battery-free; NFC; bio-integrated; healthcare; near-field communication; optical; optoelectronics; skin; stretchable; wireless