title: Trends in Alcohol Use among Adolescents from 2000 to 2011: The Role of Socioeconomic Status and Depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess temporal trends of adolescent alcohol use in Finland from 2000 to 2011, according to socio-economic status and depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Classroom self-administered questionnaires concerning health, health behaviours and school experiences were administered biennially from 2000-2001 to 2010-2011 to nationwide samples of 14- to 16-year-olds (n = 618,084). Alcohol use was measured as the frequencies of drinking and drunkenness. Socioeconomic status was measured using parental education and unemployment. Depression was measured using a Finnish modification of the Beck Depression Inventory. Cross-tabulations and a logistic regression analysis were applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over the study period, rates of frequent drinking and frequent drunkenness decreased among both boys and girls. Low levels of parental education and unemployment as well as adolescent depression increased the likelihoods of frequent drinking and drunkenness. Unlike the general decreasing trend observed for alcohol use, the likelihoods of frequent drinking and drunkenness increased among adolescents who were depressed and had unemployed parents with low levels of education. The prevalence of frequent drunkenness was 75.8% among the boys in this group during 2008-2011, whereas the corresponding prevalence was 2.3% for boys without depression and with highly educated, employed parents. The corresponding figures for girls were 41.7% and 1.4%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall decreasing trend in frequent alcohol use was not observed among socioeconomically deprived adolescents with depression. Thus, alcohol prevention programmes should treat these youth as special targets.
authors: Kanta-Häme Central Hospital, 13530 Hämeenlinna, Finland antti.torikka@khshp.fi.
authors: Antti
authors: A
authors: Torikka
authors: Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital PO Box 2000, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland, Vanha Vaasa Hospital, Vaasa, and University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland.
authors: Riittakerttu
authors: R
authors: Kaltiala-Heino
authors: Science Center, Pirkanmaa Hospital District PO Box 2000, 33521 Tampere, Finland and School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, FIN-33014, Tampere, Finland.
authors: Tiina
authors: T
authors: Luukkaala
authors: School of Health Sciences and PERLA-Tampere Centre for Childhood, Youth and Family Research, University of Tampere, FIN-33014 and Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital PO Box 2000, FI-33521, Tampere, Finland.
authors: Arja
authors: A
authors: Rimpelä
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000639:trends; D003863:Depression / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D000066608:Underage Drinking / Q000191:economics* / Q000523:psychology / Q000639:trends*