title: Update on Vascular Dementia.
abstract: Vascular dementia (VaD) is a major contributor to the dementia syndrome and is described as having problems with reasoning, planning, judgment, and memory caused by impaired blood flow to the brain and damage to the blood vessels resulting from events such as stroke. There are a variety of etiologies that contribute to the development of vascular cognitive impairment and VaD, and these are often associated with other dementia-related pathologies such as Alzheimer disease. The diagnosis of VaD is difficult due to the number and types of lesions and their locations in the brain. Factors that increase the risk of vascular diseases such as stroke, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and smoking also raise the risk of VaD. Therefore, controlling these risk factors can help lower the chances of developing VaD. This update describes the subtypes of VaD, with details of their complex presentation, associated pathological lesions, and issues with diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.
authors: Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, Guys Campus, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Institute of NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Ayesha
authors: A
authors: Khan
authors: Institute for Ageing and Health, Wolfson Research Centre, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
authors: Raj N
authors: RN
authors: Kalaria
authors: Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, Guys Campus, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Corbett
authors: Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, Guys Campus, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland clive.ballard@kcl.ac.uk.
authors: Clive
authors: C
authors: Ballard
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D008568:Memory; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013850:Thinking
keywords: cerebrovascular disease; dementia; vascular dementia