title: Impact of the implementation of an evidence-based guideline on diagnostic testing, management, and clinical outcomes for infants with bronchiolitis.
abstract: Although bronchiolitis poses a significant health problem in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), to the best of our knowledge, to date it has not been determined whether evidence-based bronchiolitis clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) complemented by standardized educational strategies reduce the use of unnecessary diagnostic tests and medications and improve clinically important outcomes in LMICs.
  
  
  
  In an uncontrolled before and after study, we assessed the impact of the implementation of an evidence-based bronchiolitis CPG on physician behavior and the care of infants with bronchiolitis by comparing pre-guideline (March to August 2014) and post-guideline (March to August 2015) use of diagnostic tests and medications through an electronic medical record review in a children's hospital in Bogota, Colombia. We also sought to assess the impact of the implementation of the CPG on clinically important outcomes such as lengths of stay, hospital admissions, intensive care admissions, and hospital readmissions.
  
  
  
  Data from 662 cases of bronchiolitis (pre-guideline period) were compared with the data from 703 cases (post-guideline period). On comparing the pre- and post-guideline periods, it was seen that there was a significant increase in the proportion of patients with an appropriate diagnosis and treatment of bronchiolitis (36.4% versus 44.5%, p = 0.003), and there were statistically significant decreases in the use of a hemogram (33.2% versus 26.6%, p=0.010), procalcitonin (3.9% versus 1.6%, p=0.018), nebulized beta-2 agonists (45.6% versus 3.4%, p < 0.001), nebulized anticholinergics (3.3% versus 1.4%, p= 0.029), and nebulized epinephrine (16.2% versus 7.8%, p < 0.001). Likewise, a significant increase in the use of nebulized hypertonic saline was seen (79.6% versus 91.7%, p < 0.001). However, implementation of the CPG for bronchiolitis was not associated with significant changes in clinically important outcomes.
  
  
  
  The development and implementation of a good quality bronchiolitis CPG is associated with a significant increase in the proportion of cases with an appropriate diagnosis and treatment of the disease in the context of a university-based hospital located in the capital of an LMIC. However, we could not demonstrate an improvement in clinically important outcomes such as any of the bronchiolitis severity parameters.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Fundacion Hospital de la Misericordia, Bogota, Colombia.
authors: Ricardo
authors: R
authors: Henao-Villada
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia.
authors: Monica P
authors: MP
authors: Sossa-Briceño
authors: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia, Avenida Calle 127 No. 20-78, Bogota, Colombia carerodriguezmar@unal.edu.co.
authors: Carlos E
authors: CE
authors: Rodríguez-Martínez
mesh_terms: D001988:Bronchiolitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003105:Colombia; D003906:Developing Countries; D057286:Electronic Health Records; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D019564:Unnecessary Procedures
keywords: bronchiolitis; clinical practice guidelines; clinical practice variation; diagnostic tests; health resources; implementation; quality of care