title: The emerging roles of the DDX41 protein in immunity and diseases.
abstract: RNA helicases are involved in almost every aspect of RNA, from transcription to RNA decay. DExD/H-box helicases comprise the largest SF2 helicase superfamily, which are characterized by two conserved RecA-like domains. In recent years, an increasing number of unexpected functions of these proteins have been discovered. They play important roles not only in innate immune response but also in diseases like cancers and chronic hepatitis C. In this review, we summarize the recent literatures on one member of the SF2 superfamily, the DEAD-box protein DDX41. After bacterial or viral infection, DNA or cyclic-di-GMP is released to cells. After phosphorylation of Tyr414 by BTK kinase, DDX41 will act as a sensor to recognize the invaders, followed by induction of type I interferons (IFN). After the immune response, DDX41 is degraded by the E3 ligase TRIM21, using Lys9 and Lys115 of DDX41 as the ubiquitination sites. Besides the roles in innate immunity, DDX41 is also related to diseases. An increasing number of both inherited and acquired mutations in DDX41 gene are identified from myelodysplastic syndrome and/or acute myeloid leukemia (MDS/AML) patients. The review focuses on DDX41, as well as its homolog Abstrakt in Drosophila, which is important for survival at all stages throughout the life cycle of the fly.
authors: National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Jiang
authors: National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
authors: Yanping
authors: Y
authors: Zhu
authors: National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.|iHuman Institute, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
authors: Zhi-Jie
authors: ZJ
authors: Liu
authors: National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. ouyangsy@ibp.ac.cn.|Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. ouyangsy@ibp.ac.cn.
authors: Songying
authors: S
authors: Ouyang
mesh_terms: D000077329:Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase; D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D009154:Mutation; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: C403683:Abs protein, Drosophila; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; C400022:NARF protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C062025:bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D000077329:Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase; C000625949:BTK protein, human; C501226:DDX41 protein, human; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases; D006152:Cyclic GMP
keywords: DDX41; RNA helicases; acute myeloid leukemia; innate immunity; myelodysplastic syndrome