title: Macrophages and Their Role in Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology and Transcriptome Analysis.
abstract: Atherosclerosis can be regarded as a chronic inflammatory state, in which macrophages play different and important roles. Phagocytic proinflammatory cells populate growing atherosclerotic lesions, where they actively participate in cholesterol accumulation. Moreover, macrophages promote formation of complicated and unstable plaques by maintaining proinflammatory microenvironment. At the same time, anti-inflammatory macrophages contribute to tissue repair and remodelling and plaque stabilization. Macrophages therefore represent attractive targets for development of antiatherosclerotic therapy, which can aim to reduce monocyte recruitment to the lesion site, inhibit proinflammatory macrophages, or stimulate anti-inflammatory responses and cholesterol efflux. More studies are needed, however, to create a comprehensive classification of different macrophage phenotypes and to define their roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on macrophage diversity, activation, and plasticity in atherosclerosis and describe macrophage-based cellular tests for evaluation of potential antiatherosclerotic substances.
authors: Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 125315, Russia; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia.
authors: Yuri V
authors: 0000-0002-3745-321X
authors: YV
authors: Bobryshev
authors: Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Ekaterina A
authors: 0000-0003-3159-2881
authors: EA
authors: Ivanova
authors: Department of Molecular Genetic Diagnostics and Cell Biology, Institute of Pediatrics, Research Center for Children's Health, Moscow 119991, Russia.
authors: Dimitry A
authors: DA
authors: Chistiakov
authors: Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 125315, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow 143025, Russia.
authors: Nikita G
authors: NG
authors: Nikiforov
authors: Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 125315, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow 143025, Russia; Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
authors: Alexander N
authors: 0000-0002-6495-1628
authors: AN
authors: Orekhov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000276:immunology*; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D018448:Models, Immunological; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D058847:Inflammasomes