title: Human dental pulp cells response to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and MTA Plus: cytotoxicity and gene expression analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the cytotoxicity, osteogenic bioactivity and mRNA expression of osteogenic markers of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), osteocalcin (OC) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) induced by the extracts of set MTA Plus (MTA P) (Avalon Biomed Inc. Bradenton, FL, USA) in comparison with MTA (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil) on human dental pulp cells (hDPCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell viability was assessed by mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymatic (MTT) assay, and the mechanism of cell death was evaluated by flow cytometry. Bioactivity was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and detection of calcium deposits with alizarin red staining (ARS). The gene expression of BMP-2, OC and ALP was quantified with real-time PCR. Statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance and Bonferroni or Tukey post-test (α = 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  MTA and MTA P were not cytotoxic and did not induce apoptosis. MTA P had significant higher ALP activity in relation to MTA and the control (P < 0.05). MTA had a significantly higher percentage of mineralized area than MTA P (P < 0.05). The expression of BMP2 and OC mRNA was significantly higher in cells exposed to MTA than MTA P after 1 day (P < 0.05). At day 3, the mRNA expression of ALP was significantly higher in MTA P compared with MTA (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MTA and MTA Plus were noncytotoxic, increased mineralization processes in vitro and induced the expression of osteogenic markers.
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: E M
authors: EM
authors: Rodrigues
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: A L G
authors: ALG
authors: Cornélio
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: L B
authors: LB
authors: Mestieri
authors: Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Genetic and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: A S C
authors: ASC
authors: Fuentes
authors: Cellular Biology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
authors: L P
authors: LP
authors: Salles
authors: Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Rossa-Junior
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Faria
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Guerreiro-Tanomaru
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Tanomaru-Filho
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000235:genetics; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D004338:Drug Combinations; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000235:genetics; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017640:Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003738:Dental Cements; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D015675:Osteocalcin; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: MTA Angelus; MTA Plus; cytotoxicity; dental pulp cells; mineral trioxide aggregate; pulp capping