title: Preparation and quantification of the total phenolic products in Citrus fruit using solid-phase extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array and UV detection.
abstract: Citrus fruit is an important health-promoting food that is rich in dietary phenolic metabolites. Traditional Chinese medicines, such as Zhishi and Zhiqiao, come from young and immature fruits of Citrus cultivars. The preparation of diversified bioactive phenolic products and establishment of the corresponding quality control methodology are challenging and necessary. In the current study, four types of solid-phase extraction sorbents for the enrichment and clean-up of the phenolic matrix were evaluated. A solid-phase extraction column coated with Strata-X was finally used in the procedure. Twenty phenolic compounds were selected to evaluate the extraction performances of the sorbents using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Under the optimized conditions, good linearities were obtained with R2more than 0.9996 for all analytes with LODs of 0.04-1.012 μg/g. Intra- and interday relative standard deviation values were less than 3%, and the recovery was equal to or higher than 90.02%. Compared to non-solid-phase extraction process, the content of total phenolic products was elevated 35.55-68.48% with solid-phase extraction. Finally, the developed and validated method was successfully applied to the discrimination of Zhishi samples from different species as well as Zhishi and Zhiqiao samples in different development stages.
authors: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.|State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors: Honglian
authors: H
authors: Zeng
authors: Institution of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors: Zhenli
authors: Z
authors: Liu
authors: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.|State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors: Siyu
authors: S
authors: Zhao
authors: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.|State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors: Yisong
authors: Y
authors: Shu
authors: Institution of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors: Zhiqian
authors: Z
authors: Song
authors: Institution of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors: Chun
authors: C
authors: Wang
authors: Institution of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors: Yunzhuo
authors: Y
authors: Dong
authors: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.|State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China.|Institution of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors: Zhangchi
authors: Z
authors: Ning
authors: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.|State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors: Dan
authors: D
authors: He
authors: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.|State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors: Menglei
authors: M
authors: Wang
authors: Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors: Cheng
authors: C
authors: Lu
authors: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China. yyliu_1980@163.com.
authors: Yuanyan
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.|School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
authors: Aiping
authors: A
authors: Lu
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D057230:Limit of Detection; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction
chemical_list: D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Quality control; Solid-phase extraction; Total phenolic products; Zhiqiao; Zhishi