title: Detection of resting state functional connectivity using partial correlation analysis: A study using multi-distance and whole-head probe near-infrared spectroscopy.
abstract: Multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a functional neuroimaging modality that enables easy-to-use and noninvasive measurement of changes in blood oxygenation levels. We developed a clinically-applicable method for estimating resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) with NIRS using a partial correlation analysis to reduce the influence of extraneural components. Using a multi-distance probe arrangement NIRS, we measured resting state brain activity for 8min in 17 healthy participants. Independent component analysis was used to extract shallow and deep signals from the original NIRS data. Pearson's correlation calculated from original signals was significantly higher than that calculated from deep signals, while partial correlation calculated from original signals was comparable to that calculated from deep (cerebral-tissue) signals alone. To further test the validity of our method, we also measured 8min of resting state brain activity using a whole-head NIRS arrangement consisting of 17 cortical regions in 80 healthy participants. Significant RSFC between neighboring, interhemispheric homologous, and some distant ipsilateral brain region pairs was revealed. Additionally, females exhibited higher RSFC between interhemispheric occipital region-pairs, in addition to higher connectivity between some ipsilateral pairs in the left hemisphere, when compared to males. The combined results of the two component experiments indicate that partial correlation analysis is effective in reducing the influence of extracerebral signals, and that NIRS is able to detect well-described resting state networks and sex-related differences in RSFC.
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: sakakibara-tky@umin.ac.jp.
authors: Eisuke
authors: E
authors: Sakakibara
authors: Department of Language Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Fumitaka
authors: F
authors: Homae
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Hitachi Medical Corporation, Application Development Office, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Shingo
authors: S
authors: Kawasaki
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Yukika
authors: Y
authors: Nishimura
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Ryu
authors: R
authors: Takizawa
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Office for Mental Health Support, Division for Counseling and Support, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Shinsuke
authors: S
authors: Koike
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Akihide
authors: A
authors: Kinoshita
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Hanako
authors: H
authors: Sakurada
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Mika
authors: M
authors: Yamagishi
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Fumichika
authors: F
authors: Nishimura
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Akane
authors: A
authors: Yoshikawa
authors: Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Aya
authors: A
authors: Inai
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Molecular Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Masaki
authors: M
authors: Nishioka
authors: Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Yosuke
authors: Y
authors: Eriguchi
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Matsuoka
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Yoshihiro
authors: Y
authors: Satomura
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Naohiro
authors: N
authors: Okada
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Chihiro
authors: C
authors: Kakiuchi
authors: Department of Youth Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Tsuyoshi
authors: T
authors: Araki
authors: Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Chiemi
authors: C
authors: Kan
authors: Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Maki
authors: M
authors: Umeda
authors: Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Akihito
authors: A
authors: Shimazu
authors: Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Minako
authors: M
authors: Uga
authors: Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Ippeita
authors: I
authors: Dan
authors: Department of Health Economics & Epidemiology Research, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Hideki
authors: H
authors: Hashimoto
authors: Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Norito
authors: N
authors: Kawakami
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Kiyoto
authors: K
authors: Kasai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D063132:Connectome / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Functional neuroimaging; Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS); Partial correlation analysis; Resting state functional connectivity; Sex difference