title: Implementation of a clinical practice guideline for schizophrenia in a specialist mental health center: an observational study.
abstract: In mental health settings, implementation of and adherence to clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) is low. Strategies are needed to overcome barriers and facilitate successful implementation of CPGs into standard care. The goals of this study were to develop a framework for the implementation of a CPG for schizophrenia for hospitalized service users in a mental health care facility, and to monitor adherence to the guideline.
  
  
  
  An eight-step framework was developed based on project management principles: 1) the Appraisal Guideline for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) tool was used to rate and select a CPG; 2) an algorithm was created from the guideline; 3) a gap analysis identified clinical services and processes not conforming with the CPG recommendations; 4) a governance structure was created; 5) a modified Delphi process determined key outcome and process adherence metrics; 6) a project charter was developed; 7) clinical informatics ensured that systems and tools were in place to support the CPG; and 8) therapeutic services were realigned to match the requirements of the CPG within specified fiscal constraints. Percent adherence to the identified process adherence metrics was calculated before (March 2014) and for 12 months after implementation (April 2014-March 2015).
  
  
  
  The National Institute of Health and Care Excellence guideline scored highest on AGREE and was used to develop the algorithm. Cognitive behavior therapy for psychosis (CBT-P), art therapy and carer assessments were identified as gaps in care. Clinical global impression - Schizophrenia score was identified as the primary service user outcome variable and antipsychotic polypharmacy, metabolic monitoring, CBT-P referral and supported employment/vocational services referral as the primary process adherence measures. Adherence to guidance for metabolic monitoring (March 2014, 76.7 %; March 2015, 81.6 %), CBT-P referral (March 2014, 6.5 %; March 2015, 11.4 %) and vocational rehabilitation referral (March 2014, 36.6 %; March 2015, 49.1 %) were increased after CPG implementation. There was an initial increase in adherence to antipsychotic monotherapy (March 2014, 53.4 %; November 2014, 62.7 %), which decreased back toward baseline (March 2015, 55.1 %).
  
  
  
  The eight-step framework was used to implement a CPG process, though further quality improvements initiatives may be needed to improve adherence.
authors: Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences, 700 Gordon Street, Whitby, ON, L1N 5S9, Canada. fischleri@ontarioshores.ca.|Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. fischleri@ontarioshores.ca.
authors: Ilan
authors: I
authors: Fischler
authors: Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences, 700 Gordon Street, Whitby, ON, L1N 5S9, Canada.|Faculty of Health Sciences, Univeristy of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Canada.
authors: Sanaz
authors: S
authors: Riahi
authors: Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences, 700 Gordon Street, Whitby, ON, L1N 5S9, Canada.
authors: Melanie I
authors: MI
authors: Stuckey
authors: Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences, 700 Gordon Street, Whitby, ON, L1N 5S9, Canada.|Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors: Philip E
authors: PE
authors: Klassen
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055317:Evidence-Based Practice; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000592:standards; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D009864:Ontario; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011362:Professional Corporations; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012050:Rehabilitation, Vocational / Q000379:methods; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000628:therapy*; D013038:Specialization
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents
keywords: Clinical practice guidelines; Evidence-based practice; Implementation research; Mental health; Quality improvement; Schizophrenia