title: Dietary supplementation in patients with alcoholic liver disease: a review on current evidence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the main causes of liver disease worldwide. Although the pathogenesis of ALD has not yet been well elucidated, the oxidative metabolites of ethanol such as acetaldehyde and reactive oxygen species play a pivotal role in the clinical and pathological spectrum of the disease. This review summarizes the existing evidences on dietary supplements considered to have antioxidant, and/or anti-inflammatory properties, and their role in the management of ALD and the proposed mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study reviewed all studies published in PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus, from 1959 to 2015, indicating the role of different dietary supplementation in attenuation of many pathophysiological processes involved in development and progression of ALD. Full-texts of citations were used except for those that were published in languages other than English.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant progress has been made to understand the key events and molecular players for the onset and progression of ALD from both experimental and clinical studies; however, there is no successful treatment currently available. The present review discussed the role of a variety of dietary supplements (e.g. vitamin A, carotenoids, vitamins B3, C and E, in addition to antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents) in treating ALD. It has been shown that supplementation with some carotenoids, vitamin B3, vitamin C, silymarin, curcumin, probiotics, zinc, S-adenosylmethionine and garlic may have potential beneficial effects in animal models of ALD; however, the number of clinical studies is very limited. In addition, supplementation should be accompanied with alcohol cessation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of ALD, dietary supplements that can modulate these pathologies could be useful in the treatment of ALD. In addition to alcohol cessation, these supplements have shown beneficial effects on animal models of ALD. Clinical trials are needed to validate the beneficiary role of these supplements in patients with ALD.
authors: Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. a_hekmat2000@yahoo.com.
authors: Zeinab
authors: Z
authors: Ghorbani
authors: Masoomeh
authors: M
authors: Hajizadeh
authors: Azita
authors: A
authors: Hekmatdoost
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008108:Liver Diseases, Alcoholic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D009752:Nutritional Status; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D064209:Phytochemicals; D014815:Vitamins