title: 15 Years of penile cancer management in the United States: An analysis of the use of partial penectomy for localized disease and chemotherapy in the metastatic setting.
abstract: Penile cancer remains a rare disease in the United States, and its understanding may be limited by the uncommon nature of the malignancy. We sought to describe recent penile cancer treatment patterns using the National Cancer Data Base.
  
  
  
  A retrospective review of data obtained from the National Cancer Data Base from 1998 to 2012 was performed. We obtained demographic information and therapeutic approaches within the following2 clinical scenarios: performance of partial penectomy for early stage disease (clinical Ta-T2) and the use of chemotherapy for metastatic disease. Multivariate logistic analysis was performed.
  
  
  
  A total of 2,677 patients presented with early stage penile carcinoma. The proportion receiving partial penectomy increased from 74% in 1998 to 2000 to 80% in 2010 to 2012 (P<0.001). Partial penectomy was more common in the elderly (age>80, odd ratios [OR] = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.05-2.23), young (age<50, OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.02-2.07), and in African Americans (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.00-2.12). Increasing tumor size was significantly associated with decreased likelihood of receiving partial penectomy. Of those presenting with metastatic disease (n = 819), use of chemotherapy increased over the time period from 39% receiving chemotherapy in 1998 to 2000 to 49% in 2010 to 2012 (P<0.03). Patients least likely to receive chemotherapy were older and with higher Comorbidity score (both P<0.05), African American (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.30-0.73), and living≥50 miles from the nearest treatment hospital (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.25-0.55).
  
  
  
  Penile-sparing surgery for early stage disease and the use of chemotherapy for metastatic disease are becoming more commonly utilized over the past several years. Further work is needed to define clinical and nonclinical factors associated with the treatment.
authors: Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA. Electronic address: mnmoss@uw.edu.
authors: Matthew
authors: M
authors: Mossanen
authors: Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Holt
authors: Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
authors: John L
authors: JL
authors: Gore
authors: Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
authors: Daniel W
authors: DW
authors: Lin
authors: Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
authors: Jonathan L
authors: JL
authors: Wright
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002173:Cancer Care Facilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005006:Ethnicity; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D047368:Tumor Burden; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Chemotherapy; National Cancer Data Base; Partial penectomy; Penile cancer; United States