title: A high-mobility group box 1 that binds to DNA, enhances pro-inflammatory activity, and acts as an anti-infection molecule in black rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii.
abstract: High-mobility group box (HMGB) 1 is a chromosomal protein that plays critical roles in DNA transcription, replication and repair. In addition, HMGB1 functions as a pro-inflammatory molecule in many vertebrates and invertebrates. In teleosts, very limited studies of HMGB1 have been reported. In this study, we identified a HMGB1 homologue (SsHMGB1) from black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) and analyzed its structure, expression and biological function. The open reading frame of SsHMGB1 is 621 bp, with a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 62 bp and a 3'-UTR of 645 bp. SsHMGB1 contains two typical HMG boxes and an acidic C-terminal tail. The deduced amino acid sequence of SsHMGB1 shares the highest overall identity (89.4%) with the HMGB1 of Anoplopoma fimbria. The expression of SsHMGB1 occurred in multiple tissues and was highest in the brain. Moreover, the mRNA level of SsHMGB1 in head kidney (HK) macrophages could be induced by Listonella anguillarum in a time-dependent manner. Recombinant SsHMGB1 purified from Escherichia coli (i) bound DNA fragments in a dose-dependent manner; and (ii) induced the expression of cytokines in HK macrophages, including a significant increase in TNF-α activity and enhanced mRNA level of TNF13B and IL-1 β, which are known to be involved in antibacterial defense; moreover, (iii) significantly improved the macrophage bactericidal activity together with reduced pathogen dissemination and replication of bacteria in fish kidney. These results indicated that SsHMGB1 is a novel HMGB1 that possesses apparent immunoregulatory properties and is likely to be involved in fighting bacterial infection.
authors: Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
authors: Zhao
authors: Z
authors: Xin-Peng
authors: Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
authors: Hu
authors: H
authors: Yong-Hua
authors: Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
authors: Liu
authors: L
authors: Yong
authors: Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
authors: Wang
authors: W
authors: Jing-Jing
authors: Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
authors: Wang
authors: W
authors: Guang-Hua
authors: Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
authors: Wang
authors: W
authors: Ren-Jie
authors: Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China. Electronic address: lissazhang06@163.com.
authors: Zhang
authors: Z
authors: Min
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005399:Fishes; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D060226:Head Kidney / Q000276:immunology; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D010802:Phylogeny; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014733:Vibrio / Q000502:physiology; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D029941:Fish Proteins; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
keywords: Antibacterial; DNA binding; High-mobility group box 1; Immunoregulation; Sebastes schlegelii