title: Glial degeneration with oxidative damage drives neuronal demise in MPSII disease.
abstract: Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPSII) is a lysosomal storage disorder due to the deficit of the iduronate 2-sulfatase (IDS) enzyme, causing progressive neurodegeneration in patients. Neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from the IDS-ko mouse can recapitulate MPSII pathogenesis in vitro. In differentiating IDS-ko NSCs and in the aging IDS-ko mouse brain, glial degeneration precedes neuronal degeneration. Here we show that pure IDS-ko NSC-derived astrocytes are selectively able to drive neuronal degeneration when cocultured with healthy neurons. This phenotype suggests concurrent oxidative damage with metabolic dysfunction. Similar patterns were observed in murine IDS-ko animals and in human MPSII brains. Most importantly, the mutant phenotype of IDS-ko astrocytes was reversed by low oxygen conditions and treatment with vitamin E, which also reversed the toxic effect on cocultured neurons. Moreover, at very early stages of disease we detected in vivo the development of a neuroinflammatory background that precedes astroglial degeneration, thus suggesting a novel model of MPSII pathogenesis, with neuroinflammation preceding glial degeneration, which is finally followed by neuronal death. This hypothesis is also consistent with the progression of white matter abnormalities in MPSII patients. Our study represents a novel breakthrough in the elucidation of MPSII brain pathogenesis and suggests the antioxidant molecules as potential therapeutic tools to delay MPSII onset and progression.
authors: Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University Milan Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milano 20126, Italy.
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Zalfa
authors: CNR Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, Milano 20129, Italy.
authors: Chiara
authors: C
authors: Verpelli
authors: Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Lysosomal Disorders, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, Padova 35128, Italy.
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: D'Avanzo
authors: Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Lysosomal Disorders, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, Padova 35128, Italy.
authors: Rosella
authors: R
authors: Tomanin
authors: CNR Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, Milano 20129, Italy.
authors: Cinzia
authors: C
authors: Vicidomini
authors: Stemgen Srl, Viale Ca' Granda, Milano, Italy.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Cajola
authors: Department of Neuroradiology, University of Salerno, Via S Allende, Baronissi 84081, Italy.
authors: Renzo
authors: R
authors: Manara
authors: CNR Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, Milano 20129, Italy.
authors: Carlo
authors: C
authors: Sala
authors: Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Lysosomal Disorders, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, Padova 35128, Italy.
authors: Maurizio
authors: M
authors: Scarpa
authors: Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University Milan Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milano 20126, Italy.|Stemgen Srl, Viale Ca' Granda, Milano, Italy.|Stem Cells Laboratory, Cell Factory and Biobank, Azienda Ospedaliera 'Santa Maria', Viale Tristano da Joannuccio 1, Terni 05100, Italy.|Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini 2, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG) 71013, Italy.
authors: Angelo Luigi
authors: AL
authors: Vescovi
authors: Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University Milan Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milano 20126, Italy.|Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini 2, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG) 71013, Italy.
authors: Lidia
authors: L
authors: De Filippis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007066:Iduronate Sulfatase / Q000378:metabolism; D007223:Infant; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016532:Mucopolysaccharidosis II / Q000473:pathology*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010100:Oxygen / Q000494:pharmacology; D010641:Phenotype; D051381:Rats; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology; D066127:White Matter / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014810:Vitamin E; D007066:Iduronate Sulfatase; D010100:Oxygen