title: Effects of Erythropoietin Administration on Adrenal Glands of Landrace/Large White Pigs after Ventricular Fibrillation.
abstract: Aim. To evaluate the effects of erythropoietin administration on the adrenal glands in a swine model of ventricular fibrillation and resuscitation. Methods. Ventricular fibrillation was induced via pacing wire forwarded into the right ventricle in 20 female Landrace/Large White pigs, allocated into 2 groups: experimental group treated with bolus dose of erythropoietin (EPO) and control group which received normal saline. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was performed immediately after drug administration as per the 2010 European Resuscitation Council (ERC) guidelines for Advanced Life Support (ALS) until return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) or death. Animals who achieved ROSC were monitored, mechanically ventilated, extubated, observed, and euthanized. At necroscopy, adrenal glands samples were formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, and routinely processed. Sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Results. Oedema and apoptosis were the most frequent histological changes and were detected in all animals in the adrenal cortex and in the medulla. Mild and focal endothelial lesions were also detected. A marked interindividual variability in the degree of the intensity of apoptosis and oedema at cortical and medullary level was observed within groups. Comparing the two groups, higher levels of pathological changes were detected in the control group. No significant difference between the two groups was observed regarding the endothelial changes. Conclusions. In animals exposed to ventricular fibrillation, EPO treatment has protective effects on the adrenal gland.
authors: Department of Surgery, Section of Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, 09100 Sardinia, Italy.
authors: Armando
authors: 0000-0003-3768-0890
authors: A
authors: Faa
authors: Department of Surgery, Section of Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, 09100 Sardinia, Italy.
authors: Gavino
authors: G
authors: Faa
authors: ELPEN Experimental Center, Athens, Greece.
authors: Apostolos
authors: A
authors: Papalois
authors: Department of Surgery, Section of Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, 09100 Sardinia, Italy.
authors: Eleonora
authors: E
authors: Obinu
authors: Department of Surgery, Section of Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, 09100 Sardinia, Italy.
authors: Giorgia
authors: G
authors: Locci
authors: Department of Surgery, Section of Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, 09100 Sardinia, Italy.
authors: Maria Elena
authors: ME
authors: Pais
authors: Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors: Pavlos
authors: P
authors: Lelovas
authors: Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors: Dimitrios
authors: D
authors: Barouxis
authors: Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors: Charalampos
authors: C
authors: Pantazopoulos
authors: Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors: Panagiotis V
authors: PV
authors: Vasileiou
authors: Neonatal Department, Aretaieio Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors: Nicoletta
authors: N
authors: Iacovidou
authors: European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
authors: Theodoros
authors: T
authors: Xanthos
mesh_terms: D000302:Adrenal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects; D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000187:drug effects*; D000313:Adrenal Medulla / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013552:Swine; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D020011:Protective Agents; D004921:Erythropoietin