title: Evaluation of mutagenic, recombinogenic and carcinogenic potential of (+)-usnic acid in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster.
abstract: The main of this study was to evaluate the mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of (+) - usnic acid (UA), using Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) and the test for detecting epithelial tumor clones (wts) in Drosophila melanogaster. Larvae from 72 ± 4 h from Drosophila were fed with UA (5.0, 10.0 or 20.0 mM); urethane (10.0 mM) (positive control); and solvent (Milli-Q water, 1% Tween-80 and 3% ethanol) (negative control). ST cross produced increase in total mutant spots in the individuals treated with 5.0, 10.0 or 20.0 mM of UA. HB cross produced spot frequencies in the concentration of 5.0 mM that were higher than the frequency for the same concentration in the ST cross. In the highest concentrations the result was negative, which means that the difference observed can be attributed, in part, to the high levels of P450, suggesting that increasing the metabolic capacity maximized the toxic effect of these doses. In the evaluation of carcinogenesis using the wts test, the results obtained for the same concentrations of UA show a positive result for the presence of tumors when compared to the negative control. We conclude that UA has recombinogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects on somatic cells in D. melanogaster.
authors: Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors: Nayane Moreira
authors: NM
authors: Machado
authors: Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Faculdade de Ciências Integradas do Pontal, Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors: Alexandre Azenha Alves
authors: AA
authors: de Rezende
authors: Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Centro Universitário de Patos de Minas, Laboratório de Citogenética e Mutagênese, Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors: Júlio César
authors: JC
authors: Nepomuceno
authors: Universidade de Franca, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Denise Crispim
authors: DC
authors: Tavares
authors: Universidade de Franca, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Wilson Roberto
authors: WR
authors: Cunha
authors: Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: maspano@ufu.br.
authors: Mário Antônio
authors: MA
authors: Spanó
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000633:toxicity*; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000139:chemically induced; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D016296:Mutagenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D011995:Recombination, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D014921:Wings, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001572:Benzofurans; D002273:Carcinogens; D009153:Mutagens; C073339:usnic acid
keywords: Gene wts; SMART; Somatic mutation and recombination test; Tumor; Warts