title: Surgical Management of Peripheral Vascular Manifestations of Loeys-Dietz Syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is characterized by a triad of aortic aneurysm, vessel tortuosity, and hypertelorism. LDS patients often harbor additional aneurysms and dissections throughout their vasculature. The optimal management of these additional lesions is poorly understood. Accordingly, we sought to analyze our experience with the peripheral arterial manifestations of LDS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult and pediatric LDS patients who sought treatment at a single institution from 2005 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were included if radiographic or clinically documented evidence existed of peripheral artery aneurysm or dissection. Standard univariate analyses were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen LDS patients (aged 1.3-59.3 years, mean age 27.8 years at diagnosis) with aortic (not including root, ascending, or arch) vascular abnormalities were identified. Average follow-up was 5.2 ± 3.8 years. Fourteen (77.8%) patients had peripheral aneurysms, occurring most frequently in the carotid (35.7%), subclavian (35.7%), and visceral (28.6%) segments. Most patients had multiple peripheral segments involved (average 2, range 1-6). Nine (64%) patients with peripheral involvement underwent repair, for a total of 17 operations (average 1.89 operations per patient, range 1-4). Endovascular techniques were used in 4 operations (23.5%), without technical failures. Among patients requiring surgical repair, a history of abdominal aortic repairs was present in 77.8%, yielding a total of 36 vascular repairs (average 4, range 2-7). Perioperative morbidity was 11.8%, with no reported mortalities. Prior aortic dissection was not associated with peripheral surgical repairs (P = 0.58).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LDS is an aggressive vasculopathy which commonly affects the peripheral vasculature. Our data suggest that open and endovascular procedures may be safe and effective in the LDS periphery and multiple operations are common. As prior aortic dissection did not predict peripheral arterial involvement in LDS, vigilant peripheral arterial surveillance of LDS is warranted regardless of aortic disease state and may be key to early identification and our treatment success.
authors: Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD.
authors: Robert J
authors: RJ
authors: Beaulieu
authors: School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD.
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Lue
authors: Division of Vascular and Endovascular Therapy, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD.
authors: Bryan A
authors: BA
authors: Ehlert
authors: Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD.
authors: Joshua C
authors: JC
authors: Grimm
authors: Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD.
authors: Caitlin W
authors: CW
authors: Hicks
authors: Division of Vascular and Endovascular Therapy, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD. Electronic address: rbeauli1@jhmi.edu.
authors: James H
authors: JH
authors: Black
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000784:Aortic Dissection / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D055947:Loeys-Dietz Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D055815:Young Adult