title: Body dysmorphic disorder in different settings: A systematic review and estimated weighted prevalence.
abstract: Our aim was to systematically review the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in a variety of settings. Weighted prevalence estimate and 95% confidence intervals in each study were calculated. The weighted prevalence of BDD in adults in the community was estimated to be 1.9%; in adolescents 2.2%; in student populations 3.3%; in adult psychiatric inpatients 7.4%; in adolescent psychiatric inpatients 7.4%; in adult psychiatric outpatients 5.8%; in general cosmetic surgery 13.2%; in rhinoplasty surgery 20.1%; in orthognathic surgery 11.2%; in orthodontics/cosmetic dentistry settings 5.2%; in dermatology outpatients 11.3%; in cosmetic dermatology outpatients 9.2%; and in acne dermatology clinics 11.1%. Women outnumbered men in the majority of settings but not in cosmetic or dermatological settings. BDD is common in some psychiatric and cosmetic settings but is poorly identified.
authors: South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. Electronic address: David.Veale@kcl.ac.uk.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Veale
authors: The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
authors: Lucinda J
authors: LJ
authors: Gledhill
authors: South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors: Polyxeni
authors: P
authors: Christodoulou
authors: The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Hodsoll
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D057215:Body Dysmorphic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D001828:Body Image / Q000523:psychology; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003880:Dermatology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008511:Medicine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Body dysmorphic disorder; Epidemiology; Prevalence; Screening