title: Characterization of Medication Velocity and Size Distribution from Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhalers by Phase Doppler Anemometry.
abstract: Particle size and velocity are two of the most significant factors that impact the deposition of pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) sprays in the mouth cavity. pMDIs are prominently used around the world in the treatment of patients suffering from a variety of lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Since their introduction in the field, and as a result of their effectiveness and simplicity of usage, pMDIs are considered to be the most widely prescribed medical aerosol delivery system.
  
  
  
  In the current study, particle velocity and size distribution were measured at three different locations along the centerline of a pMDI spray using Phase Doppler Anemometry. pMDIs from four different pharmaceutical companies were tested, each using salbutamol sulfate as the medication.
  
  
  
  Measurements along at the pMDI centerline (at 0, 75, and 100 mm downstream of the inhaler mouthpiece) showed that the spray velocities were bimodal in time for all four pMDI brands. The first peak occurred as the spray was leaving the mouthpiece, while the second peak (at the same location, 0 mm) occurred at around 60, 95, 95, and 115 milliseconds later, respectively, for the four tested inhalers, with a drop in the velocity between the two peaks. Three probability density functions (PDFs) were tested, and the Rosin-Rammler PDF best fit the empirical data, as determined using a chi-squared test. These results suggest that there is a difference in the mean particle velocities at the centerline for the tested pMDIs and the diameter of released particles varied statistically for each brand.
authors: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada .
authors: Abubaker
authors: A
authors: Alatrash
authors: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada .
authors: Edgar
authors: E
authors: Matida
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D000336:Aerosols; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004339:Drug Compounding; D004867:Equipment Design; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D036501:Metered Dose Inhalers; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009038:Motion; D010316:Particle Size; D011312:Pressure; D012984:Software; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; D000336:Aerosols; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D000420:Albuterol
keywords: PDA; inhaler; pMDI; particle size distribution; particle velocity; salbutamol sulfate; spray characterization; transient spray