title: Natural compound oblongifolin C inhibits autophagic flux, and induces apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in human cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cells.
abstract: The compounds, which are obtained from natural plants or microbes may offer potential as one of the strategies for the management of cholangiocarcinoma. Oblongifolin C (OC), a natural small molecule compound extracted and purified from Garcinia yunnanensis Hu, can activate the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in human cervical cancer cells. However, the direct effects of OC on cholangiocarcinoma cells are not well defined. The effect of OC on cell apoptosis and its underlying mechanisms were investigated in cultured QBC939 cells by the methyl thiazol tetrazolium assay, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP content and western blot analysis. The present study reported that the in vitro treatment of human cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cells with different concentrations (5, 10, 20 and 40 µM) of OC decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis in a dose‑dependent manner. The results of the present study also showed that OC‑induced QBC939 cell apoptosis was mediated through the inhibition of autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction (MtD). Additionally, inhibiting autophagy increased OC‑induced apoptosis and MtD, whereas exposure to the autophagy inducer, rapmycin, attenuated these changes. Together, the results of the present study are the first, to the best of our knowledge, to identify OC as a chemotherapeutic agent against human cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cells in vitro via the regulation of autophagy and MtD.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, P.R. China.
authors: Aiqing
authors: A
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: He
authors: Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, P.R. China.
authors: Huimin
authors: H
authors: Shi
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, P.R. China.
authors: Xiaodan
authors: X
authors: Huang
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, P.R. China.
authors: Guozhong
authors: G
authors: Ji
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects*; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D029760:Garcinia / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013729:Terpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D013729:Terpenes; C575447:oblongifolin C