title: Natural Vaccinia Virus Infection: Diagnosis, Isolation, and Characterization.
abstract: Natural infections of Vaccinia virus (VACV)-the prototype species of the Orthopoxvirus genus, from the family Poxviridae and subfamily Chordopoxvirinae-cause an occupational emergent zoonotic disease that is primarily associated with the handling of infected dairy cattle. In humans, VACV infection is characterized by skin lesions, primarily on the hands, and accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever, myalgia, headache, and lymphadenopathy. The diagnosis of VACV is usually performed according to the methods described for other orthopoxviruses. This unit describes the methods utilized to obtain clinical samples, the serological and molecular techniques used for diagnosis, and the isolation methods and techniques used for molecular and biological characterization of the viruses. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
authors: Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors: Erna
authors: E
authors: Geessien Kroon
authors: Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors: Jônatas
authors: J
authors: Santos Abrahão
authors: Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors: Giliane
authors: G
authors: de Souza Trindade
authors: Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors: Graziele
authors: G
authors: Pereira Oliveira
authors: Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors: Ana Paula
authors: AP
authors: Moreira Franco Luiz
authors: Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors: Galileu
authors: G
authors: Barbosa Costa
authors: Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors: Mauricio
authors: M
authors: Teixeira Lima
authors: Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors: Rafael
authors: R
authors: Silva Calixto
authors: Faculdade de Medicina de Diamantina, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil.
authors: Danilo Bretas
authors: DB
authors: de Oliveira
authors: Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors: Betânia Paiva
authors: BP
authors: Drumond
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D019937:Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures; D006801:Humans; D014615:Vaccinia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology
keywords: natural vaccinia virus infection; orthopoxvirus; vaccinia virus