title: Middle cranial fossa approach for the repair of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks to the middle ear.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks to the middle ear due to tegmen tympani defects can result in hearing loss or hypoacusis and predispose to meningitis as well as other neurological complications. Surgical repair of the defect can be performed through a middle cranial fossa (MCF) approach or a transmastoid approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective study of the patients in our Department due to a spontaneous CSF leak to the middle ear treated using a MCF approach during a 6-year period (2009-2014).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen patients with spontaneous CSF leak to the middle ear were treated with this approach. The primary and first symptom in all of them was conductive hearing loss. In all cases, the defect or defects were closed in a multilayer manner using muscle, temporalis fascia and cortical bone. Minimum follow-up in this series was 14 months, with successful closure in all but one patient (who required reintervention). We found no intra- or postoperative complications due to the craniotomy, and the audiometry improved and normalised in all cases except for the failed case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MCF approach with a multilayer closure of the defect is an effective technique for repairing spontaneous CSF leaks to the middle ear and for restoring hearing in these patients.
authors: Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, España. Electronic address: xaltuna@osakidetza.net.
authors: Xabier
authors: X
authors: Altuna
authors: Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, España.
authors: Juan José
authors: JJ
authors: Navarro
authors: Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, España.
authors: Leire
authors: L
authors: García
authors: Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, España.
authors: Ane
authors: A
authors: Ugarte
authors: Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, España.
authors: Izaskun
authors: I
authors: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D002558:Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D035301:Cranial Fossa, Middle / Q000601:surgery*; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006314:Hearing Loss, Conductive / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012422:Rupture, Spontaneous; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Cerebrospinal fluid leak; Espontánea; Fosa craneal media; Fístula líquido cefalorraquídeo; Hipoacusia; Hypoacusis; Middle cranial fossa; Spontaneous