title: Liver histological changes and lipid peroxidation in the amphibian Ambystoma mexicanum induced by sediment elutriates from the Lake Xochimilco.
abstract: Lacustrine sediments accumulate pollutants that input from the lake watershed and can be released to the water column by sediment resuspension; thus, pollutants can change their bioavailability and exert adverse effects to aquatic biota. Shallow-urban lakes are particularly susceptible to receive pollutants from urban discharges and sediment resuspension. Lake Xochimilco, in Mexico City, an urban-shallow lake, faces multiple problems: urban sprawl, overexploitation of aquifers, drying of springs, discharge of wastewater from treatment plants, and sediment resuspension. The aquatic biota living in this ecosystem is continuously exposed to the release of pollutants from the sediments. We assessed the risk that pollutants released from sediments from Lake Xochimilco, Touristic (TZ) and Agriculture zone (AZ), can exert on a native amphibian species of the lake (Ambystoma mexicanum) through exposure bioassays to sediment elutriates. We evaluate alterations in the amphibian by three approaches: biochemical (level of lipid peroxidation, LPO), cellular (ultrastructure) and the liver histology of A. mexicanum and we compare them with a batch control. Additionally, we assessed heavy metals (Pb, Cd and Hg) in elutriates. Elutriates from TZ showed the highest concentrations of the metals assessed. Organisms exposed to sediment elutriates from either study sites showed higher LPO values than control organisms (p<0.05). Organisms exposed to elutriates from the TZ showed the most conspicuous damages: hepatic vasodilation of sinusoids, capillaries with erythrocytes, leukocyte infiltration and cytoplasmic vacuolation in hepatocytes. The biological responses assessed reflected the risk that faces A. mexicanum when is exposed for prolonged periods to sediment resuspension in Lake Xochimilco.
authors: Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Depto. de Formación Básica e Interdisciplinaria, CICS-UST, Av. de los Maestros s/n., Col. Sto. Tomás, México D.F. 11340, México. Electronic address: perabiol@hotmail.com.
authors: Esperanza
authors: E
authors: Ortiz-Ordoñez
authors: Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Laboratorio de Evaluación de la Salud de Ecosistemas Acuáticos, ENCB, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n., Col. Sto. Tomás, México D.F. 11340, México. Electronic address: eulopez@ipn.mx.
authors: Eugenia
authors: E
authors: López-López
authors: Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Coordinación Politécnica para la Sustentabilidad, Edificio de la Biblioteca Nacional, 3er Piso, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional s/n, esq. Wilfrido Massieu, Col. Zacatenco, 07738 México D.F., Mexico.
authors: Jacinto Elías
authors: JE
authors: Sedeño-Díaz
authors: Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Laboratorio de Histología, ENCB, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n., Col. Sto. Tomás, México D.F. 11340, Mexico.
authors: Esther
authors: E
authors: Uría
authors: Unidad de Servicio Académico Acuario, Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México D.F., México.
authors: Ignacio Andrés
authors: IA
authors: Morales
authors: Unidad de Servicio Académico Acuario, Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México D.F., México.
authors: María Estela
authors: ME
authors: Pérez
authors: Laboratorio de Infectómica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, No 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, México D. F. 07360, México, Mexico.
authors: Mineko
authors: M
authors: Shibayama
mesh_terms: D000558:Ambystoma mexicanum / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D060106:Lakes / Q000737:chemistry; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D062065:Wastewater / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Amphibian; Elutriates; Histological alterations; Liver; Metals; Oxidative stress; Ultrastructure; Urban lake