title: Clinical correlates of sex hormones in women: The study of health in Pomerania.
abstract: Despite associations of sex hormones in women with increased cardiometabolic risk and mortality, the clinical correlates of altered sex hormone concentrations in women are less clearly understood. We investigated a broad range of clinical correlates of sex hormones in women from a large population-based sample.
  
  
  
  Data from 2560 women from two cohorts of the Study of Health in Pomerania were used. Stepwise multivariable regression models were implemented to investigate a broad range of behavioral, socio-demographic, and cardiometabolic clinical correlates related to total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (fT), androstenedione (ASD), dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG).
  
  
  
  Waist circumference and BMI (β-coefficient: -0.03; 95% CI: -0.04; 0.03) were inversely related to SHBG, and BMI was positively related to TT (β-coefficient: 0.005; 95% CI: 0.001; 0.009), fT, E1, and E2. Smoking was positively related to TT (β-coefficient: 0.04; 95% CI: 0.01; 0.06), ASD, and fT. Systolic blood pressure (TT: β-coefficient: 0.002; 95% CI: 0.001; 0.003), hypertension (TT: β-coefficient: 0.05; 95% CI: 0.003; 0.11), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (TT: β-coefficient: 0.02; 95% CI: 0.01; 0.05), and total cholesterol (TT: β-coefficient: -0.03; 95% CI: 0.01; 0.05) were positively related to TT and ASD. Finally, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome (MetS) were positively related to fT, but inversely related to SHBG.
  
  
  
  Our population-based study, with sex hormone concentrations measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, revealed associations between clinical correlates including waist circumference, smoking, cohabitation, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol, and MetS with sex hormones. Thus, sex hormones and SHBG may play a role in the cardiovascular risk profile of women.
authors: Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. Electronic address: hanna.kische@uni-greifswald.de.
authors: Hanna
authors: H
authors: Kische
authors: German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), site Greifswald; Department of Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany.
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Gross
authors: Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine.
authors: Henri
authors: H
authors: Wallaschofski
authors: German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), site Greifswald; Institute for Community Medicine.
authors: Henry
authors: H
authors: Völzke
authors: German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), site Greifswald; Department of Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany.
authors: Marcus
authors: M
authors: Dörr
authors: Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), site Greifswald.
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Nauck
authors: Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine; European University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Applied Public Health, Rostock, Germany.
authors: Robin
authors: R
authors: Haring
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001519:Behavior; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011153:Population; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Clinical correlates; Estrogens; Sex hormones; Testosterone; Women