title: Bioelectronic neural pixel: Chemical stimulation and electrical sensing at the same site.
abstract: Local control of neuronal activity is central to many therapeutic strategies aiming to treat neurological disorders. Arguably, the best solution would make use of endogenous highly localized and specialized regulatory mechanisms of neuronal activity, and an ideal therapeutic technology should sense activity and deliver endogenous molecules at the same site for the most efficient feedback regulation. Here, we address this challenge with an organic electronic multifunctional device that is capable of chemical stimulation and electrical sensing at the same site, at the single-cell scale. Conducting polymer electrodes recorded epileptiform discharges induced in mouse hippocampal preparation. The inhibitory neurotransmitter, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), was then actively delivered through the recording electrodes via organic electronic ion pump technology. GABA delivery stopped epileptiform activity, recorded simultaneously and colocally. This multifunctional "neural pixel" creates a range of opportunities, including implantable therapeutic devices with automated feedback, where locally recorded signals regulate local release of specific therapeutic agents.
authors: Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174 Norrköping, Sweden;
authors: Amanda
authors: A
authors: Jonsson
authors: Department of Bioelectronics, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, Centre Microélectronique de Provence, Microelectronique et Objects Communicants, 13541 Gardanne, France;
authors: Sahika
authors: S
authors: Inal
authors: Department of Bioelectronics, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, Centre Microélectronique de Provence, Microelectronique et Objects Communicants, 13541 Gardanne, France;
authors: Ilke
authors: I
authors: Uguz
authors: Aix Marseille Université, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, 13005 Marseille, France.
authors: Adam J
authors: AJ
authors: Williamson
authors: Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174 Norrköping, Sweden; Aix Marseille Université, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, 13005 Marseille, France.
authors: Loïg
authors: L
authors: Kergoat
authors: Department of Bioelectronics, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, Centre Microélectronique de Provence, Microelectronique et Objects Communicants, 13541 Gardanne, France;
authors: Jonathan
authors: J
authors: Rivnay
authors: Department of Bioelectronics, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, Centre Microélectronique de Provence, Microelectronique et Objects Communicants, 13541 Gardanne, France;
authors: Dion
authors: D
authors: Khodagholy
authors: Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174 Norrköping, Sweden;
authors: Magnus
authors: M
authors: Berggren
authors: Aix Marseille Université, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, 13005 Marseille, France.
authors: Christophe
authors: C
authors: Bernard
authors: Department of Bioelectronics, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, Centre Microélectronique de Provence, Microelectronique et Objects Communicants, 13541 Gardanne, France;
authors: George G
authors: GG
authors: Malliaras
authors: Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174 Norrköping, Sweden; daniel.simon@liu.se.
authors: Daniel T
authors: 0000-0002-2799-3490
authors: DT
authors: Simon
mesh_terms: D015761:4-Aminopyridine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000737:chemistry; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D062609:Electronic Nose; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D004867:Equipment Design; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D059010:Single-Cell Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D011108:Polymers; D011137:Polystyrenes; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; C121383:poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene); D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; C003321:polystyrene sulfonic acid; D015761:4-Aminopyridine
keywords: controlled delivery; electrophysiology; epilepsy; organic electronics; therapy