title: Seroprevalence of three influenza A viruses (H1N1, H3N2, and H3N8) in pet dogs presented to a veterinary hospital in Ohio.
abstract: The prevalence of canine H3N8 influenza and human H1N1 and H3N2 influenza in dogs in Ohio was estimated by conducting serologic tests on 1,082 canine serum samples. In addition, risk factors, such as health status and age were examined. The prevalences of human H1N1, H3N2, and canine H3N8 influenzas were 4.0%, 2.4%, and 2.3%, respectively. Two samples were seropositive for two subtypes (H1N1 and H3N2; H1N1 and canine influenza virus [CIV] H3N8). Compared to healthy dogs, dogs with respiratory signs were 5.795 times more likely to be seropositive against H1N1 virus (p= 0.042). The prevalence of human flu infection increased with dog age and varied by serum collection month. The commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay used in this study did not detect nucleoprotein-specific antibodies from many hemagglutination inhibition positive sera, which indicates a need for the development and validation of rapid tests for influenza screening in canine populations. In summary, we observed low exposure of dogs to CIV and human influenza viruses in Ohio but identified potential risk factors for consideration in future investigations. Our findings support the need for establishment of reliable diagnostic standards for serologic detection of influenza infection in canine species.
authors: Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.|Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors: Hyesun
authors: H
authors: Jang
authors: Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors: Yasmine K
authors: YK
authors: Jackson
authors: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors: Joshua B
authors: JB
authors: Daniels
authors: Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
authors: Ahmed
authors: A
authors: Ali
authors: Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
authors: Kyung-Il
authors: KI
authors: Kang
authors: Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.|Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors: Mohamed
authors: M
authors: Elaish
authors: Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.|Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors: Chang-Won
authors: CW
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D004285:Dogs; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype; D053123:Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology; D009820:Ohio / Q000453:epidemiology; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies
keywords: canine influenza; cross-sectional studies; prevalence; risk factors; serology