title: Efficacy and safety of linagliptin in type 2 diabetes patients with self-reported hepatic disorders: A retrospective pooled analysis of 17 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials.
abstract: Liver disease is highly prevalent among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We evaluated the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin in subjects with T2DM and hepatic disorders.
  
  
  
  Data were pooled from 17 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials of linagliptin in T2DM subjects that included individuals with self-reported history of hepatic disorders at baseline. The primary endpoint was change in HbA1c from baseline to week 24.
  
  
  
  Of the 7009 participants (56% white, 39% Asian), 574 had hepatic disorders, most commonly hepatic steatosis (60%). At week 24, adjusted mean±standard error (SE) change in HbA1c from baseline in those with hepatic disorders was -0.75%±0.05 with linagliptin and -0.20%±0.08 with placebo [treatment difference: -0.54% (95% confidence interval-0.72 to -0.36); P<.0001]. There was no significant difference in HbA1c reduction between subjects with or without baseline hepatic disorders (P=.4042). Among subjects with hepatic disorders, 13.5% and 14.8% of the linagliptin and placebo groups, respectively, reported drug-related adverse events while 10.4% and 15.9%, respectively, reported hypoglycemia. Overall, adverse event rates were similar in individuals with or without hepatic disorders.
  
  
  
  This large pooled analysis suggests that linagliptin is effective and well tolerated in people with T2DM and liver disease.
authors: Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. Electronic address: inagaki@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors: Nobuya
authors: N
authors: Inagaki
authors: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors: Wayne H-H
authors: WH
authors: Sheu
authors: Diabetes Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, UK.
authors: David R
authors: DR
authors: Owens
authors: Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim, Germany.
authors: Susanne
authors: S
authors: Crowe
authors: Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA.
authors: Amit
authors: A
authors: Bhandari
authors: Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim, Germany.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Gong
authors: Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd, Bracknell, UK.
authors: Sanjay
authors: S
authors: Patel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069476:Linagliptin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D057566:Self Report; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000069476:Linagliptin
keywords: DPP-4 inhibitor; Efficacy; Liver disease; Pooled analysis; Safety; Type 2 diabetes