title: Biologic and clinical aspects of integration of different bone substitutes in oral surgery: a literature review.
abstract: Many bone substitutes have been proposed for bone regeneration, and researchers have focused on the interactions occurring between grafts and host tissue, as the biologic response of host tissue is related to the origin of the biomaterial. Bone substitutes used in oral and maxillofacial surgery could be categorized according to their biologic origin and source as autologous bone graft when obtained from the same individual receiving the graft; homologous bone graft, or allograft, when harvested from an individual other than the one receiving the graft; animal-derived heterologous bone graft, or xenograft, when derived from a species other than human; and alloplastic graft, made of bone substitute of synthetic origin. The aim of this review is to describe the most commonly used bone substitutes, according to their origin, and to focus on the biologic events that ultimately lead to the integration of a biomaterial with the host tissue.
authors: Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy. Electronic address: vincenzoluca.zizzari@unich.it.
authors: Vincenzo Luca
authors: VL
authors: Zizzari
authors: Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy.
authors: Susi
authors: S
authors: Zara
authors: Dental School, Vita-Salute University and Department of Dentistry, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors: Giulia
authors: G
authors: Tetè
authors: Dental School, Vita-Salute University and Department of Dentistry, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors: Raffaele
authors: R
authors: Vinci
authors: Dental School, Vita-Salute University and Department of Dentistry, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors: Enrico
authors: E
authors: Gherlone
authors: Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy.
authors: Amelia
authors: A
authors: Cataldi
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018786:Bone Substitutes