title: In-vivo monitoring of development of cholangiocarcinoma induced with C. sinensis and N-nitrosodimethylamine in Syrian golen hamsters using ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging: a preliminary study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to evaluate high-resolution ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in monitoring of cholangiocarcinoma in the hamsters with C. sinensis infection and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four male Syrian golden hamsters of were divided into four groups composed of five hamsters as control, five hamsters receiving 30 metacercariae of C. sinensis per each hamster, five hamsters receiving NDMA in drinking water, and nine hamsters receiving both metacercariae and NDMA. Ultrasound was performed every other week from baseline to the 12th week of infection. MRI and histopathologic examination was done from the 4th week to 12th week.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cholangiocarcinomas appeared as early as the 6th week of infection. There were 12 cholangiocarcinomas, nine and ten of which were demonstrated by ultrasound and MRI, respectively. Ultrasound and MRI findings of cholangiocarcinomas in the hamsters were similar to those of the mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas in humans. Ultrasound and MRI also showed other findings of disease progression such as periductal increased echogenicity or signal intensity, ductal dilatation, complicated cysts, and sludges in the gallbladder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-resolution ultrasound and MRI can monitor and detect the occurrence of cholangiocarcinoma in the hamsters non-invasively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • High-resolution ultrasound and MRI can monitor occurrence of cholangiocarcinoma in the hamsters. • Cholangiocarcinomas were detected as early as the 6th week after C. sinensis infection. • Axial T2-weighted MRI demonstrated cholangiocarcinomas and various inflammatory findings in the hamsters.
authors: Department of Radiology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Korea.
authors: Hyunsik
authors: H
authors: Woo
authors: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea. hanjk@snu.ac.kr.
authors: Joon Koo
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5916-5545
authors: JK
authors: Han
authors: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
authors: Jung Hoon
authors: JH
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
authors: Sung-Tae
authors: ST
authors: Hong
authors: Adult Stem Cell Research Center, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tumor Biology, Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
authors: Md Hafiz
authors: MH
authors: Uddin
authors: Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
authors: Ja-June
authors: JJ
authors: Jang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D003003:Clonorchiasis / Q000150:complications; D003043:Cocarcinogenesis; D006224:Cricetinae; D004128:Dimethylnitrosamine; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004128:Dimethylnitrosamine
keywords: Cholangiocarcinoma; Clonorchiasis; Hamster; Magnetic resonance imaging; Ultrasound