title: Anti-cholinesterases and memory improving effects of Vietnamese Xylia xylocarpa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia among the elderly and is characterized by loss of memory and other cognitive functions. An increase in AChE (a key enzyme in the cholinergic nervous system) levels around β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles is a common feature of AD neuropathology. Amnesic effects of scopolamine (acetylcholine receptor antagonist) can be investigated in various behavioral tests such as Morris water maze, object recognition, Y-maze, and passive avoidance. In the scope of this paper, we report the anti-AChE, anti-BChE properties of the isolated compound and the in vivo effects of the methanolic extract of Xylia xylocarpa (MEXX) on scopolamine-induced memory deficit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In further phytochemistry study, a new hopan-type triterpenoid, (3β)-hopan-3-ol-28,22-olide (1), together with twenty known compounds were isolated (2-21). Compound 1, 2, 4, 5, 7-9, and 11-13 exhibited potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 values ranging from 54.4 to 94.6 μM. Compound 13 was also shown anti-butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity with an IC50 value of 42.7 μM. The Morris water Y-maze, Y-maze, and object recognition test were also carried out.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is noteworthy that MEXX is effective when administered orally to mice, experimental results are consistent with the traditional use of this medicinal plant species.
authors: Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University-Hochiminh City, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, District 5, Hochiminh City, Vietnam.
authors: Linh My Thi
authors: LM
authors: Lam
authors: Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University-Hochiminh City, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, District 5, Hochiminh City, Vietnam ; Cancer Research Laboratory, Vietnam National University-Hochiminh City, Hochiminh City, Vietnam.
authors: Mai Thanh Thi
authors: MT
authors: Nguyen
authors: Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University-Hochiminh City, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, District 5, Hochiminh City, Vietnam.
authors: Hai Xuan
authors: HX
authors: Nguyen
authors: Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University-Hochiminh City, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, District 5, Hochiminh City, Vietnam.
authors: Phu Hoang
authors: PH
authors: Dang
authors: Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University-Hochiminh City, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, District 5, Hochiminh City, Vietnam.
authors: Nhan Trung
authors: NT
authors: Nguyen
authors: Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University-Hochiminh City, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, District 5, Hochiminh City, Vietnam.
authors: Hung Manh
authors: HM
authors: Tran
authors: Vietnam Military Medical University, Hadong District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors: Hoa Thi
authors: HT
authors: Nguyen
authors: Vietnam Military Medical University, Hadong District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors: Nui Minh
authors: NM
authors: Nguyen
authors: College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk 712-702 Republic of Korea.
authors: Byung Sun
authors: BS
authors: Min
authors: College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701 Republic of Korea.
authors: Jeong Ah
authors: JA
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737 Republic of Korea.
authors: Jae Sue
authors: JS
authors: Choi
authors: Vietnam Military Medical University, Hadong District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors: Mao
authors: M
authors: Van Can
keywords: Acetylcholinesterase; Butyrylcholinesterase; Hopan-ol-olide; Improving memory effects; Xylia xylocarpa