title: Antimicrobial effects of Piper hispidum extract, fractions and chalcones against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus.
abstract: Three chalcones, 2'-hydroxy-4,4',6'-trimethoxychalcone, 2'-hydroxy-4,4',6'-tetramethoxychalcone, and 3,2'-dihydroxy-4,4',6'-trimethoxychalcone, were isolated from the leaves of Piper hispidum in a bioguided fractionation of crude extract. The antimicrobial activity of crude extract of P. hispidum leaves was determined against bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and yeasts Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. Fractions and chalcones were tested against C. albicans and S. aureus. The checkerboard assay was performed to assess synergic interactions between extract and antifungal drugs, and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay was used to evaluate anti-biofilm effects of extract. The extract was active against yeasts, S. aureus and B. subtilis with MIC values between 15.6 and 62.5μg/mL. Synergistic effects of extract associated with fluconazole and nystatin were observed against C. albicans, with fractional inhibitory concentration indices of 0.37 and 0.24, respectively. The extract was also effective against C. albicans and S. aureus biofilm cells at concentrations of 62.5 and 200μg/mL, respectively. Thus, P. hispidum may be a possible source of bioactive substances with antimicrobial properties.
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors: G M
authors: GM
authors: Costa
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors: E H
authors: EH
authors: Endo
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors: D A G
authors: DA
authors: Cortez
authors: Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors: T U
authors: TU
authors: Nakamura
authors: Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors: C V
authors: CV
authors: Nakamura
authors: Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: bpdfilho@uem.br.
authors: B P
authors: BP
authors: Dias Filho
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D047188:Chalcones / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D031701:Piper / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D047188:Chalcones; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Anti-biofilm; Candida albicans; Piper hispidum; Staphylococcus aureus