title: Association of Intrauterine Device (IUD) and Cervical Neoplasia - A Study in a Poor Nigerian Population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intrauterine Device (IUD) is a contraceptive method used by women of reproductive age group. However, there are conflicting reports on the association between IUD and cervical neoplasia. These controversies may further hamper the poor uptake of modern contraception in Nigeria.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was therefore aimed at evaluating the association between IUD and cervical neoplasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a case control study in which Pap smear results of 156 participants on IUD were compared with those of 156 non-users of modern contraception. The participants who were found to have abnormal cervical smear cytology results were further subjected to colposcopy. Biopsy specimens for histology were collected from the participants with obvious cervical lesions or those with suspicious lesions on colposcopy. The results were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics at 95% level of confidence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven (4.5%) and 2(1.3%) of participants using IUD had Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) 1 and CIN 2 respectively. Also, 5(3.2%) and 1(0.6%) of non-users of modern contraception had CIN 1 and CIN 2 respectively. The prevalence of cervical neoplasia among all the participants was 4.8%. Although, the proportion of women who had CIN was more among participants using IUD than non-users of modern contraception, the difference was not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no significant association between IUD and cervical neoplasia in this study.
authors: Lecturer, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria , Enugu Campus, Nigeria .
authors: Leonard Ogbonna
authors: LO
authors: Ajah
authors: Senior Lecturer, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria , Enugu Campus, Nigeria .
authors: Chibuike Ogwuegbu
authors: CO
authors: Chigbu
authors: Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria , Enugu Campus, Nigeria .
authors: Benjamin Chukwuma
authors: BC
authors: Ozumba
authors: Senior Lectuer, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria , Enugu Campus, Nigeria .
authors: Theophilus Chimezie
authors: TC
authors: Oguanuo
authors: Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal Teaching Hospital , Abakaliki, Nigeria .
authors: Paul Olisaemeka
authors: PO
authors: Ezeonu
keywords: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; Colposcopy and biopsy; Copper T380A; Nigeria