title: Bone regeneration in mandibular fractures after the application of autologous mesenchymal stem cells, a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Facial injury in adults can commonly result in fractures of the mandible. Autologous mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) transplantation is proposed as an alternative to conventional graft treatment to improve bone regeneration. The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of AMSCs application in mandibular fractures to reduce regeneration time and increase bone quality.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a single-blind controlled clinical trial conducted in patients with mandibular angle fractures. Patients were divided into two groups: study group fracture reduction plus application of AMSCs and control group only fracture reduction. AMSCs were obtained from adipose tissue 24 h before the procedure. Intensity and density were evaluated in normal bone and fractured bone at 4 and 12 weeks after surgery using panoramic radiography and computed tomography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 20 patients, 10 in each group, were included. The study group had a mean age of 31.2 ± 6.3 years, and the control group mean age was 29.7 ± 7.2 years. All patients were male. Bone quality measured in grey levels at week 4 was 108.82 ± 3.4 vs 93.92 ± 2.6 (P = 0.000) using panoramic radiography and 123 ± 4.53 vs 99.72 ± 5.72 (P = 0.000) using computed tomography. At week 12, the measurements were 153.53 ± 1.83 vs 101.81 ± 4.83 (P = 0.000) using panoramic radiography and 165.4 ± 4.2 vs 112.9 ± 2.0 (P = 0.000) using tomography in the study and control groups, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Similar ossification values were obtained after 4 weeks when the use of AMSCs was compared to simple fracture reduction. However, after 12 weeks, the AMSCs group had a 36.48% higher ossification rate.
authors: Maxillofacial Surgical Department, Specialties Hospital, Western National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors: Guadalupe
authors: G
authors: Castillo-Cardiel
authors: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, Specialties Hospital, Western National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors: Alejandro César
authors: AC
authors: López-Echaury
authors: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, Specialties Hospital, Western National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors: José Antonio
authors: JA
authors: Saucedo-Ortiz
authors: Biomedical Research Unit 02, Specialties Hospital, Western National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors: Clotilde
authors: C
authors: Fuentes-Orozco
authors: Biomedical Research Unit 02, Specialties Hospital, Western National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors: Luis Rodrigo
authors: LR
authors: Michel-Espinoza
authors: Biomedical Research Unit 02, Specialties Hospital, Western National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors: Leire
authors: L
authors: Irusteta-Jiménez
authors: Biomedical Research Unit 02, Specialties Hospital, Western National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors: Marcela
authors: M
authors: Salazar-Parra
authors: Biomedical Research Unit 02, Specialties Hospital, Western National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors: Alejandro
authors: A
authors: González-Ojeda
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology; D000328:Adult; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008337:Mandibular Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: bone regeneration; computed tomography; mandibular fractures; mesenchymal stem cells; panoramic radiography