title: The Future of Intravesical Drug Delivery for Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.
abstract: Despite being the fifth most common cancer in the United States, minimal progress has been made in the treatment of bladder cancer in over a decade. Intravesical instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) for the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) has been in use for over 30 years and remains the standard treatment in cases of intermediate and high risk disease. Despite the relative success of intravesical BCG, unmet needs in the treatment of NMIBC persist. These challenges include disease recurrence and progression even with treatment with BCG, as well as issues regarding its availability and patient tolerability. The inherent properties of the bladder pose the biggest obstacle to developing effective intravesical treatments for NMIBC. Current research is now focusing on methods to improve the delivery of intravesical therapies. The objective of this review is to discuss novel intravesical drug delivery systems and how they are addressing these challenges in the treatment of NMIBC.
authors: Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NY, USA.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Douglass
authors: Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NY, USA.
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Schoenberg
keywords: Bladder cancer; drug delivery devices; hydrogels; intravesical therapy; nanocarriers