title: Comparative transcriptome analysis of basal and zygote-located tip regions of peanut ovaries provides insight into the mechanism of light regulation in peanut embryo and pod development.
abstract: Peanut zygotes typically divide a few times to form a pre-embryo before further embryonic development halts under normal day/night photoperiods. Ovary elongation, however, continuesforming a downward growing peg-like structure. When the peg is buried in the soil, embryo development resumes in the darkness. The embryo-located region (ER) of the peg begins to enlarge and form a pod, while the basal region (BR) of the peg has a distinct fate. The molecular mechanisms governing these unique embryo development processes are unknown.
  
  
  
  In this study, histological analysis demonstrated that from 4 days after pollination to 3 days after soil penetration, the peanut pre-embryo remained morphologically similar. By 9 days after soil penetration, the embryo had changed to a globular embryo. Transcriptome analysis revealed differentially expressed genes in the ER and BR before and after peg soil penetration. In addition to light signaling and plant hormone metabolism genes, we identified differentially expressed genes in the ER that contribute to embryo development and pod formation processes, including MADS-box transcription factors, xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase protein, cellulose synthase, homeobox-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) protein family genes, amino acid permease, and seed growth and embryo morphogenesis regulators (DA1, TCP3, and YABBY).
  
  
  
  A large number of genes were found to be differentially expressed in the ER and BR across three developmental peg stages. Exact changes in gene expression were also identified in the ER during early embryo and pod development. This information provides an expanded knowledgebase for understanding the mechanisms of early peanut pod formation.
authors: Life Science College of Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.|Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
authors: Ye
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
authors: Pengfei
authors: P
authors: Wang
authors: Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
authors: Han
authors: H
authors: Xia
authors: Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
authors: Chuanzhi
authors: C
authors: Zhao
authors: Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Hou
authors: Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
authors: Changsheng
authors: C
authors: Li
authors: Life Science College of Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
authors: Chao
authors: C
authors: Gao
authors: Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China. zhaoshuzhen51@126.com.
authors: Xingjun
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Life Science College of Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China. xingjunw@hotmail.com.|Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China. xingjunw@hotmail.com.
authors: Shuzhen
authors: S
authors: Zhao
mesh_terms: D026905:Amino Acid Transport Systems / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010367:Arachis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D035264:Flowers / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D005638:Fruit / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016695:Glycosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016350:Leucine Zippers; D008027:Light; D026161:MADS Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017440:Photoperiod; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D054817:Pollination / Q000235:genetics; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D059467:Transcriptome; D015053:Zygote / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D026905:Amino Acid Transport Systems; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D005964:Glucosyltransferases; D016695:Glycosyltransferases; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D026161:MADS Domain Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; C478648:cellulose synthase; C473049:xyloglucan - xyloglucosyltransferase
keywords: Arachis hypogaea; Embryo development; Gene expression profiling; Light signaling; Ovary; Peanut peg