title: Correlation between Ultrasound Findings of Tumor Margin and Clinicopathological Findings in Patients with Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Breast ultrasound findings regarding tumor margins are crucial in judging whether a tumor is malignant or benign. However, the relationships between the margins and clinicopathological characteristics remain largely unknown. In this study, we examined the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with invasive ductal carcinoma whose ultrasound images showed either well-defined and rough or indistinct margins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of all consecutive patients diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma at the Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery of Tottori University Hospital from January 2012 to December 2014, 122 patients whose ultrasound images showed either "well-defined and rough" or "indistinct" tumor margins were included in this study. Mammography and ultrasound images taken at the initial examination were reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups based on ultrasound findings of the tumor margins: the "well-defined and rough group" and the "indistinct group." The relationships among ultrasound findings, mammography findings and clinicopathological findings were investigated in the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The well-defined and rough group was more likely to contain solid-tubular carcinoma, while the indistinct group was more likely to contain scirrhous carcinoma. The MIB-1 index was higher in the well-defined and rough group than in the indistinct group. Additionally, the proportion of patients with nuclear grade 3, estrogen receptor-negative/progesterone receptor-negative, and triple-negative breast cancer was greater in the well-defined and rough group than in the indistinct group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Invasive ductal carcinomas with well-defined and rough margins on ultrasound were likely to be malignant and proliferative than those with indistinct margins.
authors: Department of Pathobiological Science and Technology, School of Health Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
authors: Naoko
authors: N
authors: Sannomiya
authors: Department of Pathobiological Science and Technology, School of Health Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
authors: Yuiko
authors: Y
authors: Hattori
authors: Department of Pathobiological Science and Technology, School of Health Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
authors: Naoyuki
authors: N
authors: Ueda
authors: Department of Pathobiological Science and Technology, School of Health Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Kamida
authors: Department of Pathobiological Science and Technology, School of Health Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
authors: Yuki
authors: Y
authors: Koyanagi
authors: Department of Pathobiological Science and Technology, School of Health Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
authors: Haruki
authors: H
authors: Nagira
authors: Department of Pathobiological Science and Technology, School of Health Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
authors: Saeko
authors: S
authors: Ikunishi
authors: Department of Pathobiological Science and Technology, School of Health Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
authors: Kenta
authors: K
authors: Shimabayashi
authors: Department of Pathobiological Science and Technology, School of Health Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
authors: Yuki
authors: Y
authors: Hashimoto
authors: Department of Pathobiological Science and Technology, School of Health Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
authors: Aya
authors: A
authors: Murata
authors: Department of Pathobiological Science and Technology, School of Health Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
authors: Kengo
authors: K
authors: Sato
authors: †Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
authors: Yumi
authors: Y
authors: Hirooka
authors: †Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
authors: Keiko
authors: K
authors: Hosoya
authors: ‡Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Ichinomiyanishi Hospital, Ichinomiya 494-0001, Japan.
authors: Kiyosuke
authors: K
authors: Ishiguro
authors: †Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
authors: Yoko
authors: Y
authors: Murata
authors: Department of Pathobiological Science and Technology, School of Health Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
authors: Yasuaki
authors: Y
authors: Hirooka
keywords: breast cancer; margin; ultrasound imaging