title: Novel pentapeptide, PALAL, derived from a bony fish elicits contraction of the muscle in starfish Patiria pectinifera.
abstract: A bioactive peptide mimicking peptide-signaling molecules has been isolated from the skin extract of fish Channa argus which caused contraction of the apical muscle of a starfish Patiria pectinifera, a deuterostomian invertebrate. The primary structure of the isolated pentapeptide comprises amino acid sequence of H-Pro-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-OH (PALAL) with a molecular mass of 483.7 Da. Pharmacological activity of PALAL, dosage ranging from 10-9to 10-5M, revealed concentration-dependent contraction of the apical muscles of P. pectinifera and Asterias amurensis. However, PALAL was not active on the intestinal smooth muscle of the goldfish Carassius auratus and has presumably other physiological roles in fish skin. Investigation of structure-activity relationship using truncated and substituted analogs of PALAL demonstrated that H-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-OH was necessary and should be sufficient to constrict apical muscle of P. pectinifera. Furthermore, the second alanine residue was required to display the activity, and the fifth leucine residue was responsible for its potency. Comparison with PALAL's primary structure with those of other known bioactive peptides from fish and starfish revealed that PALAL does not have any significant homology. Consequently, PALAL is a bioactive peptide that elicits a muscle contraction in starfish, and the isolation of PALAL may lead to develop other bioactive peptides sharing its similar sequence and/or activity. Copyright © 2016 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors: Department of Biotechnology, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea.
authors: Hye-Jin
authors: HJ
authors: Go
authors: Department of Biotechnology, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea.
authors: Chan-Hee
authors: CH
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Biotechnology, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea.
authors: Hye Young
authors: HY
authors: Oh
authors: Department of Biotechnology, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea. ngpark@pknu.ac.kr.
authors: Nam Gyu
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7816-1491
authors: NG
authors: Park
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry*; D013215:Starfish / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D009842:Oligopeptides
keywords: fish skin; isolation; muscle contractant; novel pentapeptide; starfish; structure-activity relationship