title: Phosphorus accumulates faster than nitrogen globally in freshwater ecosystems under anthropogenic impacts.
abstract: Combined effects of cumulative nutrient inputs and biogeochemical processes that occur in freshwater under anthropogenic eutrophication could lead to myriad shifts in nitrogen (N):phosphorus (P) stoichiometry in global freshwater ecosystems, but this is not yet well-assessed. Here we evaluated the characteristics of N and P stoichiometries in bodies of freshwater and their herbaceous macrophytes across human-impact levels, regions and periods. Freshwater and its macrophytes had higher N and P concentrations and lower N : P ratios in heavily than lightly human-impacted environments, further evidenced by spatiotemporal comparisons across eutrophication gradients. N and P concentrations in freshwater ecosystems were positively correlated and N : P was negatively correlated with population density in China. These results indicate a faster accumulation of P than N in human-impacted freshwater ecosystems, which could have large effects on the trophic webs and biogeochemical cycles of estuaries and coastal areas by freshwater loadings, and reinforce the importance of rehabilitating these ecosystems.
authors: Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.|College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
authors: Zhengbing
authors: Z
authors: Yan
authors: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China. hanwenxuan@cau.edu.cn.
authors: Wenxuan
authors: W
authors: Han
authors: CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain.|CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain.
authors: Josep
authors: 0000-0002-7215-0150
authors: J
authors: Peñuelas
authors: CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain.|CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain.
authors: Jordi
authors: J
authors: Sardans
authors: School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
authors: James J
authors: 0000-0002-1460-2155
authors: JJ
authors: Elser
authors: College of Resources Science & Technology, and State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
authors: Enzai
authors: E
authors: Du
authors: Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.|Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, 2751, NSW, Australia.
authors: Peter B
authors: PB
authors: Reich
authors: Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
authors: Jingyun
authors: J
authors: Fang
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D017753:Ecosystem; D005618:Fresh Water; D006802:Human Activities; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014876:Water Pollution
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010758:Phosphorus; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Accumulation; anthropogenic impacts; biogeochemistry; decoupling of nitrogen and phosphorus cycles; freshwater ecosystems; global patterns; imbalance; macrophytes; stoichiometry; waterbodies