title: Experimental strategies for in vivo13C NMR spectroscopy.
abstract: In vivo carbon-13 (13C) MRS opens unique insights into the metabolism of intact organisms, and has led to major advancements in the understanding of cellular metabolism under normal and pathological conditions in various organs such as skeletal muscles, the heart, the liver and the brain. However, the technique comes at the expense of significant experimental difficulties. In this review we focus on the experimental aspects of non-hyperpolarized13C MRS in vivo. Some of the enrichment strategies which have been proposed so far are described; the various MRS acquisition paradigms to measure13C labeling are then presented. Finally, practical aspects of13C spectral quantification are discussed.
authors: Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), MIRCen, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9199, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France. Electronic address: julien.valette@cea.fr.
authors: Julien
authors: J
authors: Valette
authors: Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), MIRCen, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9199, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
authors: Brice
authors: B
authors: Tiret
authors: Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), NeuroSpin, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
authors: Fawzi
authors: F
authors: Boumezbeur
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008954:Models, Biological
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes
keywords: (13)C; In vivo; Magnetic resonance methodology; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Metabolism