title: Indian survey on practice patterns of lacrimal and eyelid disorders (iSUPPLE) report 1: Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To assess the preferred practice patterns in the management of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) among oculoplastic surgeons in India. The survey was aimed at obtaining data on the timing of intervention, procedure of choice, and the use of adjunctive techniques such as silicone intubation and nasal endoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  An anonymized survey that included questions on the management of lacrimal disorders was sent in April 2015 to members of the Oculoplastic Association of India (OPAI), through an e-mail communication. The results were tabulated and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A large proportion (84%) of respondents indicated that they advise lacrimal sac compression up to 1 year of age. Fourteen percent (12/87) indicated 2 years as their upper age limit for advising sac compression. One year is the preferred minimum age for advising primary nasolacrimal duct (NLD) probing by majority (45%) of respondents and the upper age limit being 5 years for 62% of respondents. Based on experience, younger surgeons (<10 years experience) when compared to more experienced surgeons are more likely to offer a trial of primary probing in children between 8 and 12 years age (29% versus 8%). Nasal endoscope is used by 50% (44/88) respondents during primary NLD probing. Nearly a third of the respondents (29/88) use intubation in all cases of NLD probing. Eighty one percent (71/88) of the surgeons would rather repeat NLD probing with adjunctive procedures over dacryocystorhinostomy (17%). Balloon Dacryoplasty is rarely used for CNLDO amongst our respondents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights the variation in practice pattern in the management of CNLDO across India. While there are certain trends that are global phenomena, such as the shift towards the use of a nasal endoscope; use of silicone intubation in repeated procedures and time of performing primary NLD probing; issues like the use of balloon dacryoplasty showed lesser degree of agreement.
authors: Advanced Eye Hospital & Institute, 30, The Affaires, Palm Beach Road, Sanpada, Navi Mumbai, 400 705, India; Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College & General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai, 400 022, India. Electronic address: akshaygn@gmail.com.
authors: Akshay Gopinathan
authors: AG
authors: Nair
authors: ProAdnexa Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Services, Faridabad, Haryana, 121 001, India.
authors: Saurabh
authors: S
authors: Kamal
mesh_terms: D000072700:Conservative Treatment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003608:Dacryocystorhinostomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007440:Intubation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007767:Lacrimal Duct Obstruction / Q000151:congenital / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D009301:Nasolacrimal Duct / Q000601:surgery; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires