title: The hominoid-specific gene TBC1D3 promotes generation of basal neural progenitors and induces cortical folding in mice.
abstract: Cortical expansion and folding are often linked to the evolution of higher intelligence, but molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cortical folding remain poorly understood. The hominoid-specific gene TBC1D3 undergoes segmental duplications during hominoid evolution, but its role in brain development has not been explored. Here, we found that expression of TBC1D3 in ventricular cortical progenitors of mice via in utero electroporation caused delamination of ventricular radial glia cells (vRGs) and promoted generation of self-renewing basal progenitors with typical morphology of outer radial glia (oRG), which are most abundant in primates. Furthermore, down-regulation of TBC1D3 in cultured human brain slices decreased generation of oRGs. Interestingly, localized oRG proliferation resulting from either in utero electroporation or transgenic expression of TBC1D3, was often found to underlie cortical regions exhibiting folding. Thus, we have identified a hominoid gene that is required for oRG generation in regulating the cortical expansion and folding.
authors: Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.|State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.|Chinese Academy of Sciences University, Beijing, China.
authors: Xiang-Chun
authors: XC
authors: Ju
authors: Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.|State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.|Chinese Academy of Sciences University, Beijing, China.
authors: Qiong-Qiong
authors: QQ
authors: Hou
authors: Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.|State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
authors: Ai-Li
authors: AL
authors: Sheng
authors: Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.|State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
authors: Kong-Yan
authors: KY
authors: Wu
authors: The Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Zhou
authors: The Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Jin
authors: School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
authors: Tieqiao
authors: T
authors: Wen
authors: Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors: Zhengang
authors: Z
authors: Yang
authors: CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China.|Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors: Xiaoqun
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.|State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.|Chinese Academy of Sciences University, Beijing, China.|CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China.|ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
authors: Zhen-Ge
authors: 0000-0001-5037-0542
authors: ZG
authors: Luo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000196:embryology*; D018274:Electroporation; D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000502:physiology; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019076:Transgenes
chemical_list: D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C467563:TBC1D3 protein, human
keywords: cortical folding; hominoid-specific gene; mouse; neural progenitors; neuroscience