title: Sucrose-enhanced biosynthesis of medicinally important antioxidant secondary metabolites in cell suspension cultures of Artemisia absinthium L.
abstract: Natural products are gaining tremendous importance in pharmaceutical industry and attention has been focused on the applications of in vitro technologies to enhance yield and productivity of such products. In this study, we investigated the accumulation of biomass and antioxidant secondary metabolites in response to different carbohydrate sources (sucrose, maltose, fructose and glucose) and sucrose concentrations (1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 %). Moreover, the effects of 3 % repeated sucrose feeding (day-12, -18 and -24) were also investigated. The results showed the superiority of disaccharides over monosaccharides for maximum biomass and secondary metabolites accumulation. Comparable profiles for maximum biomass were observed in response to sucrose and maltose and initial sucrose concentrations of 3 and 5 %. Maximum total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were displayed by cultures treated with sucrose and maltose; however, initial sucrose concentrations of 5 and 7 % were optimum for both classes of metabolites, respectively. Following 3 % extra sucrose feeding, cultures fed on day-24 (late-log phase) showed higher biomass, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents as compared to control cultures. Highest antioxidant activity was exhibited by maltose-treated cultures. Moreover, sucrose-treated cultures displayed positive correlation of antioxidant activity with total phenolics and total flavonoids production. This work describes the stimulatory role of disaccharides and sucrose feeding strategy for higher accumulation of phenolics and flavonoids, which could be potentially scaled up to bioreactor level for the bulk production of these metabolites in suspension cultures of A. absinthium.
authors: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.|Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, 19200, Pakistan.
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Ali
authors: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan. bhabbasi@qau.edu.pk.
authors: Bilal Haider
authors: BH
authors: Abbasi
authors: Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, 19200, Pakistan.
authors: Nisar
authors: N
authors: Ahmad
authors: Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, 19200, Pakistan.
authors: Syed Shujait
authors: SS
authors: Ali
authors: Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, 19200, Pakistan.
authors: Shahid
authors: S
authors: Ali
authors: Mid-Florida Research and Education Center and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 2725 Binion Rd, Apopka, FL, 32703, USA.
authors: Gul Shad
authors: GS
authors: Ali
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D031171:Artemisia absinthium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D059828:Plant Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D013395:Sucrose / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D013395:Sucrose
keywords: Artemisia; Cell suspension; Flavonoids; Phenolics; Sucrose feeding