title: Mechanisms of Progranulin Action and Regulation in Genitourinary Cancers.
abstract: The growth factor progranulin has emerged in recent years as a critical regulator of transformation in several cancer models, including breast cancer, glioblastomas, leukemias, and hepatocellular carcinomas. Several laboratories, including ours, have also demonstrated an important role of progranulin in several genitourinary cancers, including ovarian, endometrial, cervical, prostate, and bladder tumors, where progranulin acts as an autocrine growth factor thereby modulating motility and invasion of transformed cells. In this review, we will focus on the mechanisms of action and regulation of progranulin signaling in genitourinary cancers with a special emphasis on prostate and bladder tumors.
authors: Biology of Prostate Cancer Program, Department of Urology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA , USA.
authors: Ryuta
authors: R
authors: Tanimoto
authors: Biology of Prostate Cancer Program, Department of Urology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA , USA.
authors: Kuojung G
authors: KG
authors: Lu
authors: Biology of Prostate Cancer Program, Department of Urology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA , USA.
authors: Shi-Qiong
authors: SQ
authors: Xu
authors: Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA , USA.
authors: Simone
authors: S
authors: Buraschi
authors: Department of Health Sciences, Endocrinology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro , Catanzaro , Italy.
authors: Antonino
authors: A
authors: Belfiore
authors: Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA , USA.
authors: Renato V
authors: RV
authors: Iozzo
authors: Biology of Prostate Cancer Program, Department of Urology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA , USA.
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Morrione
keywords: anchorage-independent growth; bladder and prostate cancer; motility; progranulin; tumor formation in vivo