title: Molecular cloning of the rabbit interleukin 6 promoter: Functional characterization of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus response elements in RK-13 cells.
abstract: Infection with rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) can cause acute liver failure (ALF), leading to severe mortality in rabbits. Inflammatory response, especially the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-6, may play major roles in mediating and amplifying the ALF. Among these cytokines, IL-6 is a multifunctional cytokine with a central role in various physiological inflammatory and immunological processes. In this study, we found that RHDV infection significantly upregulated IL-6 gene expression in vivo. Next, the rabbit IL-6 promoter was cloned and analyzed. Transfection of full-length RHDV cDNA in RK-13 cells upregulated the activity of the IL-6 promoter. A series of 5' deletion constructs demonstrated that AP-1 (activator protein 1), NF-IL6 (nuclear factor interleukin-6), and NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) elements were critical for RHDV-induced IL-6 transcription. Besides, the CREB (cAMP-response element binding protein) element may also play an accessory effect on RHDV-induced IL-6 transcription. Collectively, the results elucidate the mechanism of IL-6 induction, and enrich the RHDV pathogenesis in rabbit.
authors: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China.
authors: Xing
authors: X
authors: Liu
authors: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China.
authors: Bo
authors: B
authors: Hu
authors: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China. Electronic address: rwangfang@126.com.
authors: Fang
authors: F
authors: Wang
authors: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China.
authors: Yanhua
authors: Y
authors: Song
authors: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China.
authors: Zhiyu
authors: Z
authors: Fan
authors: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China.
authors: Houjun
authors: H
authors: Wei
authors: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China.
authors: Rulong
authors: R
authors: Qiu
authors: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China.
authors: Weizhong
authors: W
authors: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D002460:Cell Line; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D017929:Hemorrhagic Disease Virus, Rabbit / Q000276:immunology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017114:Liver Failure, Acute / Q000276:immunology*; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011817:Rabbits / Q000276:immunology*; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1
keywords: AP-1; IL-6 promoter; NF-IL6; NF-κB; RHDV