title: Random Mating Between Two Widely Divergent Mitochondrial Lineages of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae): A Test of Species Limits in a Phosphine-Resistant Stored Product Pest.
abstract: Effective pest management relies on accurate delimitation of species and, beyond this, on accurate species identification. Mitochondrial COI sequences are useful for providing initial indications in delimiting species but, despite acknowledged limitations in the method, many studies involving COI sequences and species problems remain unresolved. Here we illustrate how such impasses can be resolved with microsatellite and nuclear sequence data, to assess more directly the amount of gene flow between divergent lineages. We use a population genetics approach to test for random mating between two 8 ± 2% divergent COI lineages of the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens). This species has become strongly resistant to phosphine, a fumigant used worldwide for disinfesting grain. The possibility of cryptic species would have significant consequences for resistance management, especially if resistance was confined to one mitochondrial lineage. We find no evidence of restricted gene flow or nonrandom mating across the two COI lineages of these beetles, rather we hypothesize that historic population structure associated with early Pleistocene climate changes likely contributed to divergent lineages within this species.
authors: School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia (aliciatoon@gmail.com; g.walter@uq.edu.au) Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, LPO Box 5012, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia a.toon@uq.edu.au.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Toon
authors: Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, LPO Box 5012, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia (greg.daglish@daf.qld.gov.au; Andrew.Ridley@daf.qld.gov.au).
authors: G J
authors: GJ
authors: Daglish
authors: Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, LPO Box 5012, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia (greg.daglish@daf.qld.gov.au; Andrew.Ridley@daf.qld.gov.au).
authors: A W
authors: AW
authors: Ridley
authors: Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, LPO Box 5012, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia Department of Agriculture and Food, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia (rob.emery@agric.wa.gov.au).
authors: R N
authors: RN
authors: Emery
authors: Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, LPO Box 5012, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Private Mail Bag, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia (joanne.holloway@dpi.nsw.gov.au).
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Holloway
authors: School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia (aliciatoon@gmail.com; g.walter@uq.edu.au) Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, LPO Box 5012, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia.
authors: G H
authors: GH
authors: Walter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010720:Phosphines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D007306:Insecticides; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D010720:Phosphines; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV; C044646:phosphine
keywords: grain beetle; microsatellite; phosphine resistance; species delimitation