title: Left ventricular vascular and metabolic adaptations to high-intensity interval and moderate intensity continuous training: a randomized trial in healthy middle-aged men.
abstract: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has become popular, time-sparing alternative to moderate intensity continuous training (MICT), although the cardiac vascular and metabolic effects of HIIT are incompletely known. We compared the effects of 2-week interventions with HIIT and MICT on myocardial perfusion and free fatty acid and glucose uptake. Insulin-stimulated myocardial glucose uptake was decreased by training without any significantly different response between the groups, whereas free fatty acid uptake remained unchanged. Adenosine-stimulated myocardial perfusion responded differently to the training modes (change in mean HIIT: -19%; MICT: +9%; P = 0.03 for interaction) and was correlated with myocardial glucose uptake for the entire dataset and especially after HIIT training. HIIT and MICT induce similar metabolic and functional changes in the heart, although myocardial vascular hyperaemic reactivity is impaired after HIIT, and this should be considered when prescribing very intense HIIT for previously untrained subjects.
  
  
  
  High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time-efficient way of obtaining the health benefits of exercise, although the cardiac effects of this training mode are incompletely known. We compared the effects of short-term HIIT and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) interventions on myocardial perfusion and metabolism and cardiac function in healthy, sedentary, middle-aged men. Twenty-eight healthy, middle-aged men were randomized to either HIIT or MICT groups (n = 14 in both) and underwent six cycle ergometer training sessions within 2 weeks (HIIT session: 4-6 × 30 s all-out cycling/4 min recovery, MICT session 40-60 min at 60% V̇O2 peak ). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) was performed to measure cardiac structure and function and positron emission tomography was used to measure myocardial perfusion at baseline and during adenosine stimulation, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (MGU) and fasting free fatty acid uptake (MFFAU). End-diastolic and end-systolic volumes increased and ejection fraction slightly decreased with both training modes, although no other changes in CMRI were observed. MFFAU and basal myocardial perfusion remained unchanged. MGU was decreased by training (HIIT from 46.5 to 35.9; MICT from 47.4 to 44.4 mmol 100 g-1min-1, P = 0.007 for time, P = 0.11 for group × time). Adenosine-stimulated myocardial perfusion responded differently to the training modes (change in mean HIIT: -19%; MICT: +9%; P = 0.03 for group × time interaction). HIIT and MICT induce similar metabolic and functional changes in the heart, although myocardial vascular hyperaemic reactivity is impaired after HIIT. This should be taken into account when prescribing very intense HIIT for previously untrained subjects.
authors: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors: Jari-Joonas
authors: JJ
authors: Eskelinen
authors: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.|School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, University Of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
authors: Ilkka
authors: I
authors: Heinonen
authors: Department of Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors: Eliisa
authors: E
authors: Löyttyniemi
authors: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors: Juuso
authors: J
authors: Hakala
authors: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors: Marja A
authors: MA
authors: Heiskanen
authors: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors: Kumail K
authors: KK
authors: Motiani
authors: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors: Kirsi
authors: K
authors: Virtanen
authors: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.|Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear medicine, and PET, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
authors: Jussi P
authors: JP
authors: Pärkkä
authors: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.|Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear medicine, and PET, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
authors: Juhani
authors: J
authors: Knuuti
authors: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors: Jarna C
authors: JC
authors: Hannukainen
authors: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors: Kari K
authors: KK
authors: Kalliokoski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography
chemical_list: D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D005947:Glucose
keywords: blood flow; exercise; heart; metabolism