title: Green extraction of polyphenols from whole pomegranate fruit using cyclodextrins.
abstract: Pomegranate is a source of bioactive phytochemicals. The objective of this study was the derivation of a sustainable method to exploit the whole fruit, both edible and non-edible parts, as a source of polyphenols. Pomegranate peel contains a 10-fold higher phenolic content than the pulp. The fruit was freeze-dried and the resulting dry matter was extracted with solid-liquid percolation equipment using non-toxic and eco-friendly extraction solvents: either deionized water or aqueous solutions of cyclodextrins. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are known molecular encapsulators and our results prove enhancement of the extraction of pomegranate polyphenols by 20%. In order to examine the formation of inclusion complexes between CD's and polyphenols of the extract, polyphenols were isolated using solid-phase extraction. NMR studies with the purified extracts and the individual CDs confirmed inclusion complex formation in water. Pomegranate liquid extracts may be used as raw materials for several end-users in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
authors: Laboratory of Chemistry - Biochemistry - Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Harokopion University, 70 El. Venizelou Str., Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece.
authors: Amalia C
authors: AC
authors: Diamanti
authors: Laboratory of Chemistry - Biochemistry - Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Harokopion University, 70 El. Venizelou Str., Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece.
authors: Panagiotis E
authors: PE
authors: Igoumenidis
authors: Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece. Electronic address: mourtzinos@agro.auth.gr.
authors: Ioannis
authors: I
authors: Mourtzinos
authors: Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", Patriarchou Gregoriou and Neapoleos Str., Aghia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece.
authors: Konstantina
authors: K
authors: Yannakopoulou
authors: Laboratory of Chemistry - Biochemistry - Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Harokopion University, 70 El. Venizelou Str., Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece.
authors: Vaios T
authors: VT
authors: Karathanos
mesh_terms: D003505:Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology / Q000379:methods*; D029561:Lythraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000032:analysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D003505:Cyclodextrins; D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols
keywords: Beta-cyclodextrin (PubChem CID: 6518168); Cyclodextrins; DPPH, free radical (PubChem CID: 2735032); Extraction; Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (PubChem CID: 44134771); Inclusion complex formation; NMR spectroscopy; Polyphenols; Trolox (PubChem CID: 40634)