title: Molecular prevalence and antibiotics resistance pattern of class A bla CTX-M-1 and bla TEM-1 beta lactamases in uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from Pakistan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) production among E. coli is one of the principal mechanisms that augment resistance to antibiotics. In the current study the molecular detection of class A beta lactamases among uropathogenic Escherichia coli was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 355 urine samples were collected from a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar. The ESBL production among E. coli isolates was detected by using the disc synergy diffusion method. Moreover, the molecular detection of bla TEM-1 and bla CTX-M-1 ESBLs, the antibiotic resistance pattern, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were also documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 355 urine samples, 157 isolates were E. coli, and 23.56% of the isolates were ESBL E. coli. Among phenotypic ESBL producers, bla CTX-M-1 and bla TEM-1 were found in 59.45% and 40.54% of the isolates, respectively. A high resistance rate was observed against aztreonam (97.29%), while the lowest resistance was observed against imipenem (2.7%). The MICs of ESBLs E. coli for ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin was >512 µg/mL, 4 µg/mL to 128 µg/mL, and 1 µg/mL to 14 µg/mL respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study showed that bla CTX-M-1 ESBL production is more prevalent in our clinical E. coli isolates. More often the ESBLs were resistant to commonly used antibiotics.
authors: Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.
authors: Hazır
authors: H
authors: Rahman
authors: Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.
authors: Madiha
authors: M
authors: Naeem
authors: Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.
authors: Il
authors: I
authors: Khan
authors: Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.
authors: Jafar
authors: J
authors: Khan
authors: Medical ICU, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan.
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Haroon
authors: Department of Microbiology, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan.
authors: Fazli
authors: F
authors: Bari
authors: Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.
authors: Rahim
authors: R
authors: Ullah
authors: Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.
authors: Muhammad
authors: M
authors: Qasim
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010154:Pakistan; D015995:Prevalence; D056689:Uropathogenic Escherichia coli; D001618:beta-Lactamases
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; C055184:beta-lactamase TEM-3; D001618:beta-Lactamases
keywords: E. coli; ESBLS; Urinary tract infection; antibiotics profile; bla CTX-M-1; bla TEM-1