title: Biomimetic nucleus pulposus scaffold created from bovine caudal intervertebral disc tissue utilizing an optimal decellularization procedure.
abstract: Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) and herniation (IDH) can result in low back pain and impart significant socioeconomic burden. These pathologies involve detrimental alteration to the nucleus pulposus (NP) either via biochemical degradation or extrusion from the IVD, respectively. Thus, engineering living NP tissue utilizing biomaterial scaffolds that recapitulate native NP microarchitecture, biochemistry, mechanical properties, and which support cell viability represents an approach to aiding patients with IDD and IDH. To date, an ideal biomaterial to support NP regeneration has yet to be developed; however, one promising approach to generating biomimetic materials is to employ the decellularization (decell) of xenogeneic NP tissue to remove host DNA while maintaining critical native extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Herein, 13 different procedures were evaluated in an attempt to decell bovine caudal IVD NP tissue. An optimal method was identified which was confirmed to effectively remove bovine DNA, while maintaining physiologically relevant amounts of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and type II collagen. Unconfined static and dynamic compressive mechanical properties of scaffolds approached values reported for human NP and viability of human amniotic stem cells (hAMSCs) was maintained on noncrosslinked and EDC/NHS treated scaffolds for up to 14 days in culture. Taken together, NP tissue obtained from bovine caudal IVDs can be successfully decelled in order to generate a biomimetic scaffold for NP tissue regeneration. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 3093-3106, 2016.
authors: Department of Bioengineering, The Laboratory of Orthopaedic Tissue Regeneration & Orthobiologics, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina.
authors: Christopher
authors: 0000-0002-9242-2504
authors: C
authors: Fernandez
authors: Department of Bioengineering, The Laboratory of Orthopaedic Tissue Regeneration & Orthobiologics, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina.
authors: Alan
authors: A
authors: Marionneaux
authors: Department of Bioengineering, The Laboratory of Orthopaedic Tissue Regeneration & Orthobiologics, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina.|Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spartanburg Regional Healthcare System, Greer, South Carolina.
authors: Sanjitpal
authors: S
authors: Gill
authors: Department of Bioengineering, The Laboratory of Orthopaedic Tissue Regeneration & Orthobiologics, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina. jmercur@clemson.edu.
authors: Jeremy
authors: J
authors: Mercuri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D032701:Biomimetics; D002417:Cattle; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000737:chemistry; D004247:DNA / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry*; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D055959:Intervertebral Disc Degeneration / Q000628:therapy; D008422:Materials Testing; D000070614:Nucleus Pulposus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D012038:Regeneration; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D024043:Collagen Type II; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D004247:DNA
keywords: biomimetic scaffold; decellularization; intervertebral disc degeneration; nucleus pulposus; tissue engineering