title: Atomoxetine ameliorates nocturnal enuresis with subclinical attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have shown that incontinence and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) coexist and there is an interaction between them. The treatment for nocturnal enuresis (NE) and ADHD, however, has not been established.
  
  
  METHODS
  At the first visit to the outpatient clinic, physical examination and history taking were carried out in 265 new patients with NE. After excluding the possibility of comorbid ADHD and related disorders, patients with monosymptomatic NE (MNE) were treated with desmopressin and/or alarm, and those with non-monosymptomatic NE (NMNE) were treated with anti-cholinergics and/or alarm. This 12 week treatment did not work in 65 patients, and they were re-assessed for comorbid ADHD. A total of 24 were diagnosed with ADHD, and they were treated with atomoxetine (1.8 mg/kg/day) in addition to ongoing therapy for NE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 8 weeks of atomoxetine, the average wet nights per months was significantly decreased: 18.5-4.6 in the MNE group (P = 0.001), and 22.1-12.4 in the NMNE group (P = 0.0251). Overall, atomoxetine was beneficial in 19 of 24 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Atomoxetine may be a suitable option for refractory NE with comorbid ADHD.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Nerima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Yoshiyuki
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5436-143X
authors: Y
authors: Ohtomo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069445:Atomoxetine Hydrochloride / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D002648:Child; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; D000069445:Atomoxetine Hydrochloride
keywords: anti-cholinergic; atomoxetine; attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder; desmopressin; nocturnal enuresis