title: Bone cement with a modified polyphosphate network structure stimulates hard tissue regeneration.
abstract: In this study, a calcium polyphosphate cement (CpPC) consisting of basic components was investigated to assess its potential for hard tissue regeneration. The added basic components for improving the structural stability, which controlled the setting time, where the setting reaction resulted in the formation of amorphous structure with a re-constructed polyphosphate. Moreover, the characteristics were controlled by the composition, which determined the polyphosphate structure. CpPC exhibited outstanding dissolution rate compared with the common biodegradable cement, brushite cement (2.5 times). Despite high amounts of dissolution products, no significant cytotoxicity ensued. Induction of calcification in MG-63 cells treated with CpPC, the level of calcification increased with increasing CpPC dissolution rate. Induced calcification was observed also in CpPC-treated ST2 cells, in contrast with MG-63 and ST2 treated with brushite cement, for which no calcification was observed. In vivo tests using a rat calvarial defect model showed that resorbed CpPC resulted in favorable host responses and promoted bone formation. Additionally, there was a significant increase in defect closure, and new bone formation progressed from CpPC mid-sites as well as defect margins. From these results, CpPC exhibits significant potential as biodegradable bone substitute for bone regeneration.
authors: BK21 Plus Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Republic of Korea.
authors: Byung-Hyun
authors: BH
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea.
authors: Min-Ho
authors: MH
authors: Hong
authors: BK21 Plus Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Republic of Korea.
authors: Min-Chul
authors: MC
authors: Kim
authors: BK21 Plus Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jae-Sung
authors: JS
authors: Kwon
authors: Research Center for Oral Disease Regulation of the Aged, Chosun University College of Dentistry and Graduate School of Dentistry, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yeong-Mu
authors: YM
authors: Ko
authors: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea.
authors: Heon-Jin
authors: HJ
authors: Choi
authors: Research Center for Oral Disease Regulation of the Aged, Chosun University College of Dentistry and Graduate School of Dentistry, Republic of Korea leeyk0129@chosun.ac.kr.
authors: Yong-Keun
authors: YK
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration / Q000379:methods; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D011122:Polyphosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D011122:Polyphosphates; C020243:calcium phosphate
keywords: Bone cement; amorphous calcium phosphate; biodegradation; calcification; hard tissue regeneration; in vivo test; polyphosphate