title: Spontaneous splenic rupture associated with apixaban: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spontaneous splenic rupture associated with anticoagulant use is a rare but potentially lethal disorder. Lack of prompt recognition can be associated with poor patient outcomes. The use of novel oral anticoagulants is becoming more common and thus consideration of this disorder while evaluating a patient who presents with abdominal pain while using these agents is extremely important. This is the first reported case of spontaneous splenic rupture associated with apixaban.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe the clinical case of an 83-year-old white man who complained of sudden severe abdominal pain 5 days into a hospital stay for acute-on-chronic congestive heart failure and exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Neither he nor his wife reported any significant trauma for the past 6 months prior to his admission. His medical history included chronic atrial fibrillation treated with medications including apixaban 2.5 mg twice daily. An urgent abdominal computed tomography scan demonstrated a large splenic hematoma and evidence of intraperitoneal bleeding from which he rapidly declined, developing hypovolemic shock. An emergency splenic arteriogram displayed a patent splenic artery and an embolization was successful in stabilizing him. Due to evidence of recurrent bleeding, an exploratory laparotomy and splenectomy was subsequently performed the following day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diagnosis of spontaneous splenic rupture is important to consider in a patient using apixaban who presents with abdominal pain and associated signs of hypotension and anemia. For hemodynamically unstable patients, prompt treatment to stop significant bleeding through splenic artery embolization or splenectomy is warranted and may be lifesaving.
authors: The Commonwealth Medical College, 525 Pine Street, Scranton, Pennsylvania, 18509, USA. llowry@tcmc.edu.
authors: Lacy E
authors: LE
authors: Lowry
authors: The Commonwealth Medical College; Pocono Medical Center, 206 East Brown Street, East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, 18301, USA.
authors: Jonathan A
authors: JA
authors: Goldner
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D065427:Factor Xa Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011728:Pyridones / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012422:Rupture, Spontaneous / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013156:Splenectomy; D013161:Splenic Rupture / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D065427:Factor Xa Inhibitors; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011728:Pyridones; C522181:apixaban
keywords: Abdominal pain; Apixaban; Case report; Rupture; Spleen