title: Percutaneous Hepatic Perfusion (PHP) with Melphalan as a Treatment for Unresectable Metastases Confined to the Liver.
abstract: Unresectable liver metastases of colorectal cancer can be treated with systemic chemotherapy, aiming to limit the disease, extend survival or turn unresectable metastases into resectable ones. Some patients however, suffer from side effects or progression under systemic treatment. For patients with metastasized uveal melanoma there are no standard systemic therapy options. For patients without extrahepatic disease, isolated liver perfusion (IHP) may enable local disease control with limited systemic side effects. Previously, this was performed during open surgery with satisfying results, but morbidity and mortality related to the open procedure, prohibited a widespread application. Therefore, percutaneous hepatic perfusion (PHP) with simultaneous chemofiltration was developed. Besides decreasing morbidity and mortality, this procedure can be repeated, hopefully leading to a higher response rate and improved survival (by local control of disease). During PHP, catheters are placed in the proper hepatic artery, to infuse the chemotherapeutic agent, and in the inferior caval vein to aspirate the chemosaturated blood returning through the hepatic veins. The caval vein catheter is a double balloon catheter that prohibits leakage into the systemic circulation. The blood returning from the hepatic veins is aspirated through the catheter fenestrations and then perfused through an extra-corporeal filtration system. After filtration, the blood is returned to the patient by a third catheter in the right internal jugular vein. During PHP a high dose of melphalan is infused into the liver, which is toxic and would lead to life threatening complications when administered systemically. Because of the significant hemodynamic instability resulting from the combination of caval vein occlusion and chemofiltration, hemodynamic monitoring and hemodynamic support is of paramount importance during this complex procedure.
authors: Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre.
authors: Eleonora M
authors: EM
authors: de Leede
authors: Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre.
authors: Mark C
authors: MC
authors: Burgmans
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Leiden University Medical Centre.
authors: Christian H
authors: CH
authors: Martini
authors: Department of Extracorporeal Circulation, Leiden University Medical Centre.
authors: Fred G J
authors: FG
authors: Tijl
authors: Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre.
authors: Arian R
authors: AR
authors: van Erkel
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Leiden University Medical Centre.
authors: Jaap
authors: J
authors: Vuyk
authors: Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Centre.
authors: Ellen
authors: E
authors: Kapiteijn
authors: Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute.
authors: Cornelis
authors: C
authors: Verhoef
authors: Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre.
authors: Cornelis J H
authors: CJ
authors: van de Velde
authors: Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre; a.l.vahrmeijer@lumc.nl.
authors: Alexander L
authors: AL
authors: Vahrmeijer
mesh_terms: D010478:Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D008558:Melphalan
chemical_list: D008558:Melphalan