title: Integrative analysis of metabolome and gut microbiota in diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats treated with berberine compounds.
abstract: Hyperlipidemia is a major component of metabolic syndrome, and often predicts cardiovascular diseases. We developed a new therapeutic agent berberine compounds (BC), consisting of berberine, oryzanol and vitamin B6, and determined their anti-hyperlipidemia activity and underlying mechanisms.
  
  
  
  Male Wistar rats were fed a high fat diet (HFD) to induce hyperlipidemia, and then given BC orally for 4 weeks. Body weight and food intake were recorded weekly, and lipid profiles in serum were determined biochemically. Metabolites in serum, urine, liver and feces were analyzed by GC-MS, and the structure of microbiota was determined by 16S rDNA sequencing.
  
  
  
  Lipid lowering was observed in the hyperlipidemic rats upon BC treatment without apparent adverse side effects. Metabolomics analysis indicated that the BC treatment resulted in increased pyruvic acid, serotonin, and ketogenic and glycogenic amino acid levels in the serum, increased pyridoxine and 4-pyridoxic acid in the urine, decreased hypotaurine and methionine in the liver, and increased putrescine and decreased deoxycholate and lithocholate in feces. The BC treatment also resulted in an enrichment of beneficial bacteria (e.g. Bacteroides, Blautia) and a decrease in Escherichia.
  
  
  
  The lipid lowering effect of BC treatment in hyperlipidemic rats is associated with a global change in the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and amino acids, as well as the structure of microbiota.
authors: Institute of Digestive Diseases, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
authors: Meng
authors: M
authors: Li
authors: Institute of Digestive Diseases, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
authors: Xiangbing
authors: X
authors: Shu
authors: Institute of Digestive Diseases, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
authors: Hanchen
authors: H
authors: Xu
authors: Institute of Digestive Diseases, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
authors: Chunlei
authors: C
authors: Zhang
authors: Institute of Digestive Diseases, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
authors: Lili
authors: L
authors: Yang
authors: Institute of Digestive Diseases, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Zhang
authors: Institute of Digestive Diseases, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China. jiliver@vip.sina.com.|E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China. jiliver@vip.sina.com.
authors: Guang
authors: 0000-0003-0842-3676
authors: G
authors: Ji
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001599:Berberine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects*; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010641:Phenotype; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D001599:Berberine
keywords: Berberine compounds; Gut microbiota; Hyperlipidemia; Integrative metabolomics