title: A Scoping Review of the Associations of Golf with Eye Injuries in Adults and Children.
abstract: Introduction. Sport presents a risk of ocular trauma and accounts for a significant number of eye injuries that require hospital admission. The sport of golf presents a risk to eyesight from fast moving objects such as golf clubs and balls. This study aims to investigate the associations of golf with eye injuries and the reasons that these injuries occur. Material/Methods. A literature search was conducted using the databases MEDLINE, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and PsycINFO. Grey literature was searched using the WHO international clinical trials registry platform, Google Scholar, and ProQuest. Data was extracted using a standardised form and summarised into a report. Results and Discussion. Twenty-three studies were found relating to eye injuries in golf. Injuries appear to be rare, but more frequent in men and children. Injuries resulted in high rates of enucleation and visual impairment. Children sustained more injury from golf clubs whereas adults sustained more injuries from golf balls. Conclusion. Efforts are needed to encourage golf participants to understand the risks of ocular and indeed other head injuries. Initiatives to provide appropriate supervision and education on this topic are merited. Further research is needed to investigate the circumstances of eye injury in golf and assess the effects of interventions aimed at reducing risk of injury.
authors: Sport and Exercise, the University of Edinburgh, St. Leonard's Land, Edinburgh EH8 8AQ, UK.
authors: Evan
authors: 0000-0001-6104-4881
authors: E
authors: Jenkins
authors: European Tour Performance Institute, Virginia Water GU25 4LX, UK.
authors: Roger
authors: 0000-0002-7828-7975
authors: R
authors: Hawkes
authors: Sport and Exercise, the University of Edinburgh, St. Leonard's Land, Edinburgh EH8 8AQ, UK; European Tour Performance Institute, Virginia Water GU25 4LX, UK.
authors: Andrew
authors: 0000-0003-3327-8028
authors: A
authors: Murray