title: ADHD and executive functioning deficits in OCD youths who hoard.
abstract: Hoarding is common among youth with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), with up to 26% of OCD youth exhibiting hoarding symptoms. Recent evidence from adult hoarding and OCD cohorts suggests that hoarding symptoms are associated with executive functioning deficits similar to those observed in subjects with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, while hoarding behavior often onsets during childhood, there is little information about executive function deficits and ADHD in affected children and adolescents. The study sample included 431 youths (ages 6-17 years) diagnosed with OCD who participated in the OCD Collaborative Genetics Study and the OCD Collaborative Genetics Association Study and completed a series of clinician-administered and parent report assessments, including diagnostic interviews and measures of executive functioning (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning; BRIEF) and hoarding severity (Hoarding Rating Scale-Interview; HRS-I). 113 youths (26%) had clinically significant levels of hoarding compulsions. Youths with and without hoarding differed significantly on most executive functioning subdomains and composite indices as measured by the parent-rated BRIEF. Groups did not differ in the frequency of full DSM-IV ADHD diagnoses; however, the hoarding group had significantly greater number of inattention and hyperactivity symptoms compared to the non-hoarding group. In multivariate models, we found that overall BRIEF scores were related to hoarding severity, adjusting for age, gender and ADHD symptoms. These findings suggest an association between hoarding and executive functioning deficits in youths with OCD, and assessing executive functioning may be important for investigating the etiology and treatment of children and adolescents with hoarding and OCD.
authors: Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1195 W Fremont Ave, Sunnyvale, CA, 94087, USA. Electronic address: jmpark05@stanford.edu.
authors: Jennifer M
authors: JM
authors: Park
authors: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
authors: Jack F
authors: JF
authors: Samuels
authors: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
authors: Marco A
authors: MA
authors: Grados
authors: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
authors: Mark A
authors: MA
authors: Riddle
authors: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
authors: O Joseph
authors: OJ
authors: Bienvenu
authors: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
authors: Fernando S
authors: FS
authors: Goes
authors: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
authors: Bernadette
authors: B
authors: Cullen
authors: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
authors: Janice
authors: J
authors: Krasnow
authors: Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, 6001 Executive Boulevard, Rm 6200, MSC 9663, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9663, USA.
authors: Dennis L
authors: DL
authors: Murphy
authors: Brown Medical School, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Box G-A1, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
authors: Steven A
authors: SA
authors: Rasmussen
authors: Brown Medical School, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Box G-A1, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
authors: Nicole C
authors: NC
authors: McLaughlin
authors: University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, 757 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Piacentini
authors: Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
authors: David L
authors: DL
authors: Pauls
authors: Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Department of Psychiatry, Detwiller Pavilion, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A1, Canada.
authors: S Evelyn
authors: SE
authors: Stewart
authors: Unit of Statistical Genomics, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Mental Health, 6001 Executive Boulevard, Rm 6200, MSC 9663, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9663, USA.
authors: Yin-Yao
authors: YY
authors: Shugart
authors: Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Mental Health, 615 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
authors: Brion
authors: B
authors: Maher
authors: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
authors: Ann E
authors: AE
authors: Pulver
authors: Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
authors: James A
authors: JA
authors: Knowles
authors: Brown Medical School, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Box G-A1, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
authors: Benjamin D
authors: BD
authors: Greenberg
authors: College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, 630 W 168th, Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
authors: Abby J
authors: AJ
authors: Fyer
authors: University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, 757 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
authors: James T
authors: JT
authors: McCracken
authors: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
authors: Gerald
authors: G
authors: Nestadt
authors: Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
authors: Daniel A
authors: DA
authors: Geller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D060845:Hoarding / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: ADHD; Adolescents; Children; Executive functioning; Hoarding; Obsessive compulsive disorder