title: Effects of dietary Spirulina platensis on growth performance, humoral and mucosal immune responses and disease resistance in juvenile great sturgeon (Huso huso Linnaeus, 1754).
abstract: Dietary supplementation of Spirulina platensis at different levels (0% control, 2.5%, 5% and 10%) was evaluated to find out the effects on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, humoral and skin innate immune responses and disease resistance in the great sturgeon (Huso huso). After 8 weeks of experimental trial, growth parameters, intestinal lactic acid bacteria count, protease and lipase activities were significantly high in 10% S. platensis fed group (P < 0.05). Similarly, in this group, respiratory burst activity of leucocytes and total protein of serum were also significantly high. Furthermore, supplementation of S. platensis at 5 or 10% exhibited higher serum IgM and lysozyme activity than the other experimental groups (P < 0.05). On the contrary, serum triglycerides and number of blood lymphocytes were lower in experimental groups than that of control group. Total proteins, lysozyme, protease and esterase, as well as in vitro bactericidal activity (against Streptococcus iniae, Yersinia ruckeri, Aeromonas hydrophila and Lactococcus garviea) were significantly high in skin mucus from fish fed 5% and 10% S. platensis, while, alkaline phosphatase was significantly high in fish fed 10% S. platensis (P < 0.05). Further, fish infected with Streptococcus iniae bacteria increased mortality, but it was alleviated by a diet supplemented with S. platensis. The present results demonstrate that this dietary supplementation with S. platensis (mainly at 10% level) could be useful for maintaining the overall health status of great sturgeon.
authors: Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: miladadel85@yahoo.com.
authors: Milad
authors: M
authors: Adel
authors: Department of Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
authors: Sakineh
authors: S
authors: Yeganeh
authors: Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
authors: Maryam
authors: M
authors: Dadar
authors: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
authors: Masahiro
authors: M
authors: Sakai
authors: Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan.
authors: Mahmoud A O
authors: MAO
authors: Dawood
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D060467:Disease Resistance; D056727:Endangered Species; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005399:Fishes / Q000254:growth & development; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000502:physiology; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000502:physiology; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D056724:Immunity, Humoral; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007422:Intestines / Q000201:enzymology; D011897:Random Allocation; D053545:Spirulina / Q000737:chemistry*
keywords: Bactericidal activity; Disease resistance; Humoral immunity; Huso huso; Mucus; Spirulina platensis