title: Examining the role of self-discrepancy and self-directed style in bulimia nervosa.
abstract: Two of the primary components within Integrative Cognitive Affective Therapy (ICAT) are self-discrepancy and self-directed style. Self-discrepancy includes both actual:ideal (discrepancy between oneself and who one wishes they were) and actual:ought (discrepancy between oneself and who one believes they ought to be). Self-directed style in ICAT refers to a variety of behaviors emitted by a person toward the self including self-blaming and self-affirming. This study explored main effects and interactions between self-discrepancy and self-directed style in relation to global eating disorder (ED) psychopathology, depressive symptoms, and anxiety. Eighty treatment-seeking adults from the Midwest with BN or subthreshold BN completed interviews and self-report measures. Self-affirm and self-blame were associated with ED psychopathology, depressive symptoms, and anxiety. Actual:ideal discrepancy was related to anxiety and actual:ought discrepancy was related to anxiety and depressive symptoms. Interactions were found between self-affirm and actual:ought discrepancy as well as self-blame and actual:ought discrepancy for depressive symptoms. High actual:ought was related to increased depressive symptoms regardless of levels of self-affirm or self-blame. Effect sizes for models were medium-to-large with anxiety models demonstrating the largest effects. This study provides further evidence supporting the ICAT model and treatment, which targets self-discrepancies, self-directed styles, and related emotional states.
authors: Department of Clinical Research, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA. Electronic address: tmason@nrifargo.com.
authors: Tyler B
authors: TB
authors: Mason
authors: University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors: Carolyn M
authors: CM
authors: Pearson
authors: Department of Clinical Research, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND, USA.
authors: Jason M
authors: JM
authors: Lavender
authors: Department of Clinical Research, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND, USA.
authors: Stephen A
authors: SA
authors: Wonderlich
authors: Department of Clinical Research, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND, USA.
authors: Ross D
authors: RD
authors: Crosby
authors: Department of Clinical Research, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA.
authors: Ann L
authors: AL
authors: Erickson
authors: Department of Clinical Research, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND, USA.
authors: James E
authors: JE
authors: Mitchell
authors: University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA; The Emily Program, St. Paul, MN, USA.
authors: Scott J
authors: SJ
authors: Crow
authors: VA South Central Mental Illness Research, Education & Clinical Center; VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness & Safety (IQuEST); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Baylor University College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors: Tracey L
authors: TL
authors: Smith
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors: Marjorie H
authors: MH
authors: Klein
authors: University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA; The Emily Program, St. Paul, MN, USA.
authors: Carol B
authors: CB
authors: Peterson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D052018:Bulimia Nervosa / Q000523:psychology*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012649:Self Concept; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bulimia nervosa; Integrative cognitive affective therapy; Self-directed style; Self-discrepancy