title: Cytotoxicity of Spent Pot Liner on Allium cepa root tip cells: A comparative analysis in meristematic cell type on toxicity bioassays.
abstract: Spent Pot Liner (SPL) is a waste generated during the production of aluminum. It is comprised of a mixture of substances most of which, like cyanide, aluminum and fluoride, are toxic. Previous studies indicate the highly toxic nature of SPL. However studies using cells of the differentiation/elongation zone of the root meristem (referred as M2 cells in this study) after a proper recovery period in water were never considered. Using these cells could be useful to further understanding the toxicity mechanisms of SPL. A comparative approach between the effects on M2 cells and meristematic cells of the proximal meristem zone (referred as M1 cells in this study) could lead to understanding how DNA damage caused by SPL behaves on successive generations of cells. Allium cepa cells were exposed to 4 different concentrations of SPL (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10gL(-1)) mixed with soil and diluted in a CaCl2 0.01M to simulate the ionic forces naturally encountered on the environment. A solution containing only soil diluted on CaCl2 0.01M was used as control. M1 and M2 cells were evaluated separately, taking into account four different parameters: (1) mitotic alterations (MA); (2) presence of condensed nuclei (CN); (3) mitotic index (MI); (4) presence of micronucleus (MCN). Significant differences were observed between M1 and M2 roots tip cells for these four parameters accessed. M1 cells was more prompt to reveal citogenotoxicity through the higher frequency of MA observed. Meanwhile, for M2 cells higher frequencies of MCN and CN was noticed, followed by a reduction of MI. Also, it was possible to detect significant differences between the tested treatments and the control on every case. These results indicate SPL toxic effects carries on to future cells generations. This emphasizes the need to properly manage this waste. Joint evaluation of cells from both M1 and M2 regions was proven valuable for the evaluation of a series of parameters on all toxicity tests.
authors: Departament of Biology, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Campus Universitário, Zip Code 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil.
authors: Marcel José
authors: MJ
authors: Palmieri
authors: Departament of Biology, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Campus Universitário, Zip Code 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil.
authors: Larissa Fonseca
authors: LF
authors: Andrade-Vieira
authors: Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Campus Martelos, Zip Code 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais State, Brazil.
authors: José Marcello Salabert
authors: JM
authors: Campos
authors: Departament of Biology, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Campus Universitário, Zip Code 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil.
authors: Leonardo
authors: L
authors: Dos Santos Gedraite
authors: Departament of Biology, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Campus Universitário, Zip Code 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Electronic address: lisete.ufla@gmail.com.
authors: Lisete Chamma
authors: LC
authors: Davide
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000633:toxicity*; D001681:Biological Assay; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects*; D003486:Cyanides / Q000633:toxicity; D003603:Cytotoxins; D004249:DNA Damage; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D007220:Industrial Waste; D018519:Meristem / Q000187:drug effects*; D008940:Mitotic Index; D019697:Onions / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D003486:Cyanides; D003603:Cytotoxins; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010710:Phosphates; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C012980:fluorophosphate; D000535:Aluminum; D005459:Fluorides