title: Statistical Analysis of a Round-Robin Measurement Survey of Two Candidate Materials for a Seebeck Coefficient Standard Reference Material.
abstract: In an effort to develop a Standard Reference Material (SRM™) for Seebeck coefficient, we have conducted a round-robin measurement survey of two candidate materials-undoped Bi2Te3 and Constantan (55 % Cu and 45 % Ni alloy). Measurements were performed in two rounds by twelve laboratories involved in active thermoelectric research using a number of different commercial and custom-built measurement systems and techniques. In this paper we report the detailed statistical analyses on the interlaboratory measurement results and the statistical methodology for analysis of irregularly sampled measurement curves in the interlaboratory study setting. Based on these results, we have selected Bi2Te3 as the prototype standard material. Once available, this SRM will be useful for future interlaboratory data comparison and instrument calibrations.
authors: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.
authors: Z Q J
authors: ZQ
authors: Lu
authors: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.
authors: N D
authors: ND
authors: Lowhorn
authors: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Wong-Ng
authors: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Zhang
authors: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.
authors: E L
authors: EL
authors: Thomas
authors: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Otani
authors: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.
authors: M L
authors: ML
authors: Green
authors: Naval Surface Warfare Center, West Bethesda, MD 20817.
authors: T N
authors: TN
authors: Tran
authors: RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Caylor
authors: Quantum Design, San Diego, CA 92121.
authors: N R
authors: NR
authors: Dilley
authors: Armor Holdings, Sterling Heights, MI 48310 and Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Downey
authors: Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Edwards
authors: Hi-Z Technology, Inc., San Diego, CA 92126.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Elsner
authors: Hi-Z Technology, Inc., San Diego, CA 92126.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Ghamaty
authors: Armor Holdings, Sterling Heights, MI 48310.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Hogan
authors: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973.
authors: Q
authors: Q
authors: Jie
authors: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973.
authors: Q
authors: Q
authors: Li
authors: University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Martin
authors: University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Nolas
authors: Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Obara
authors: Marlow Industries, Inc., Dallas, TX 75238.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Sharp
authors: RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Venkatasubramanian
authors: United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford, CT 06108.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Willigan
authors: General Motors R&D Center, Warren, MI 48090.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Yang
authors: Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Tritt
keywords: Constantan; Ridge regression modeling; Seebeck coefficient; Standard Reference Material; bismuth telluride; consensus mean curve; functional data analysis; round-robin; thermoelectric