title: MRI-based quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and R2* mapping of liver iron overload: Comparison with SQUID-based biomagnetic liver susceptometry.
abstract: We aimed to determine the agreement between quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM)-based biomagnetic liver susceptometry (BLS) and confounder-corrected R2* mapping with superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)-based biomagnetic liver susceptometry in patients with liver iron overload.
  
  
  
  Data were acquired from two healthy controls and 22 patients undergoing MRI and SQUID-BLS as part of routine monitoring for iron overload. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on a 3T system using a three-dimensional multi-echo gradient-echo acquisition. Both magnetic susceptibility and R2* of the liver were estimated from this acquisition. Linear regression was used to compare estimates of QSM-BLS and R2* to SQUID-BLS.
  
  
  
  Both QSM-BLS and confounder-corrected R2* were sensitive to the presence of iron in the liver. Linear regression between QSM-BLS and SQUID-BLS demonstrated the following relationship: QSM-BLS = (-0.22 ± 0.11) + (0.49 ± 0.05) · SQUID-BLS with r2= 0.88. The coefficient of determination between liver R2* and SQUID-BLS was also r2= 0.88.
  
  
  
  We determined a strong correlation between both QSM-BLS and confounder-corrected R2* to SQUID-BLS. This study demonstrates the feasibility of QSM-BLS and confounder-corrected R2* for assessing liver iron overload, particularly when SQUID systems are not accessible. Magn Reson Med 78:264-270, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
authors: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors: Samir D
authors: SD
authors: Sharma
authors: Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.|UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland, Oakland, California, USA.
authors: Roland
authors: R
authors: Fischer
authors: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors: Bjoern P
authors: BP
authors: Schoennagel
authors: Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.|Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Nielsen
authors: Philips GmbH, Hamburg, Germany.
authors: Hendrik
authors: H
authors: Kooijman
authors: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors: Jin
authors: J
authors: Yamamura
authors: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors: Gerhard
authors: G
authors: Adam
authors: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.|Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Bannas
authors: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors: Diego
authors: D
authors: Hernando
authors: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.|Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.|Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.|Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors: Scott B
authors: SB
authors: Reeder
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D019190:Iron Overload / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007501:Iron
keywords: R2* mapping; SQUID; liver iron overload; magnetic susceptibility; quantitative susceptibility mapping