title: Changes in intracranial venous blood flow and pulsatility in Alzheimer's disease: A 4D flow MRI study.
abstract: Cerebral blood flow, arterial pulsation, and vasomotion may be important indicators of cerebrovascular health in aging and diseases of aging such as Alzheimer's disease. Noninvasive markers that assess these characteristics may be helpful in the study of co-occurrence of these diseases and potential additive and interacting effects. In this study, 4D flow MRI was used to measure intra-cranial flow features with cardiac-gated phase contrast MRI in cranial arteries and veins. Mean blood flow and pulsatility index as well as the transit time of the peak flow from the middle cerebral artery to the superior sagittal sinus were measured in a total of 104 subjects comprising of four groups: (a) subjects with Alzheimer's disease, (b) age-matched controls, (c) subjects with mild cognitive impairment, and (d) a group of late middle-aged with parental history of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. The Alzheimer's disease group exhibited: a significant decrease in mean blood flow in the superior sagittal sinus, transverse sinus, middle cerebral artery, and internal carotid arteries; a significant decrease of the peak and end diastolic blood flow in the middle cerebral artery and superior sagittal sinus; a faster transmission of peak flow from the middle cerebral artery to the superior sagittal sinus and increased pulsatility index along the carotid siphon.
authors: 1 Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, USA.
authors: Leonardo A
authors: LA
authors: Rivera-Rivera
authors: 2 Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, USA.|3 Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
authors: Tilman
authors: T
authors: Schubert
authors: 1 Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, USA.|2 Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, USA.
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Turski
authors: 1 Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, USA.
authors: Kevin M
authors: KM
authors: Johnson
authors: 4 Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, USA.
authors: Sara E
authors: SE
authors: Berman
authors: 2 Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, USA.
authors: Howard A
authors: HA
authors: Rowley
authors: 4 Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, USA.|5 Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, USA.|6 Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, USA.
authors: Cynthia M
authors: CM
authors: Carlsson
authors: 4 Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, USA.|5 Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, USA.|6 Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, USA.
authors: Sterling C
authors: SC
authors: Johnson
authors: 1 Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, USA.|2 Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, USA.
authors: Oliver
authors: O
authors: Wieben
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D002550:Cerebral Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011673:Pulsatile Flow / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: 4D flow MRI; Alzheimer’s disease; mean blood flow; mild cognitive impairment; pulsatility index