title: Upright posture improves affect and fatigue in people with depressive symptoms.
abstract: Slumped posture is a diagnostic feature of depression. While research shows upright posture improves self-esteem and mood in healthy samples, little research has investigated this in depressed samples. This study aimed to investigate whether changing posture could reduce negative affect and fatigue in people with mild to moderate depression undergoing a stressful task.
  
  
  
  Sixty-one community participants who screened positive for mild to moderate depression were recruited into a study purportedly on the effects of physiotherapy tape on cognitive function. They were randomized to sit with usual posture or upright posture and physiotherapy tape was applied. Participants completed the Trier Social Stress Test speech task. Changes in affect and fatigue were assessed. The words spoken by the participants during their speeches were analysed.
  
  
  
  At baseline, all participants had significantly more slumped posture than normative data. The postural manipulation significantly improved posture and increased high arousal positive affect and fatigue compared to usual posture. The upright group spoke significantly more words than the usual posture group, used fewer first person singular personal pronouns, but more sadness words. Upright shoulder angle was associated with lower negative affect and lower anxiety across both groups.
  
  
  
  The experiment was only brief and a non-clinical sample was used.
  
  
  
  This preliminary study suggests that adopting an upright posture may increase positive affect, reduce fatigue, and decrease self-focus in people with mild-to-moderate depression. Future research should investigate postural manipulations over a longer time period and in samples with clinically diagnosed depression.
authors: Dept of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors: Carissa
authors: C
authors: Wilkes
authors: Dept of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors: Rob
authors: R
authors: Kydd
authors: Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Sagar
authors: Dept of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. Electronic address: e.broadbent@auckland.ac.nz.
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Broadbent
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Depression; Embodied emotion; Fatigue; Posture; Psychological stress