title: Effects of Resveratrol Supplementation in Nrf2 and NF-κB Expressions in Nondialyzed Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Clinical Trial.
abstract: Resveratrol is a phenolic compound that has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, resulting from enhanced antioxidant enzymes production and modulating nuclear factors involved in the inflammation-oxidative stress cycle, as nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB).
  
  
  
  The study aim was to evaluate the effects of resveratrol supplementation on Nrf2 and NF-κB expression in nondialyzed chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.
  
  
  
  A randomized, double-blind, crossover trial was performed in 20 nondialyzed CKD patients (62.0 ± 8.0 years old, 45% men, body mass index of 27.7 ± 1.2 kg/m2, estimated glomerular filtration rate of 34.0 ± 13.0 mL/minute). Eleven patients were randomly allocated to "placebo first" (4 weeks placebo; 8 weeks washout, 4 weeks 500 mg of resveratrol/day) and 9 to "resveratrol first" (4 weeks 500 mg of resveratrol/day, 8 weeks washout, 4 weeks placebo). The peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and processed for expression Nrf2 and NF-κB by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Proinflammatory cytokines and antioxidant enzymes were also measured.
  
  
  
  The effect size of Nrf2 supplementation (-0.13, P = .29) and NF-κB (0.09, P = .31) was not significant. There was no difference in proinflammatory biomarkers or antioxidant biomarkers after resveratrol supplementation.
  
  
  
  In this pilot study, 500 mg of resveratrol supplementation for 4 weeks had no antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect in nondialyzed CKD patients. Additional studies with differing doses and/or time of treatment should be conducted to better elucidate the effects of the resveratrol supplementation in CKD patients.
authors: Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: jusaldanha@hotmail.com.
authors: Juliana F
authors: JF
authors: Saldanha
authors: Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: Viviane O
authors: VO
authors: Leal
authors: Division of Nutrition, Federal Hospital of Lagoa, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: Felipe
authors: F
authors: Rizzetto
authors: Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: Gustavo H
authors: GH
authors: Grimmer
authors: HIV/AIDS Clinical Research Center, National Institute of Infectology, INI, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: Marcelo
authors: M
authors: Ribeiro-Alves
authors: Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: Julio B
authors: JB
authors: Daleprane
authors: University Hospital Antonio Pedro, Medicine Faculty of Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: José C
authors: JC
authors: Carraro-Eduardo
authors: Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: Denise
authors: D
authors: Mafra
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D016328:NF-kappa B; D013267:Stilbenes; D000077185:Resveratrol