title: Pubertal status, pre-meal drink composition, and later meal timing interact in determining children's appetite and food intake.
abstract: Puberty is a period of development that alters energy intake patterns. However, few studies have examined appetite and food intake (FI) regulation during development of puberty in children and adolescents. Therefore, the objective was to measure the effect of pubertal status on FI and subjective appetite after pre-meal glucose and whey protein drinks in 9- to 14-year-old boys and girls. In a within-subject, randomized, repeated-measures design, children (21 pre-early pubertal, 15 mid-late pubertal) received equally sweetened drinks containing Sucralose (control), glucose, or whey protein (0.75 g/kg body weight) in 250 mL of water 2 h after a standardized breakfast on 6 separate mornings. Ad libitum FI was measured either 30 or 60 min later and appetite was measured over time. In pre-early and mid-late pubertal boys and girls there was no effect of sex on total FI (kcal). Glucose and whey protein drinks reduced calorie intake similarly at 30 min. But at 60 min, whey protein reduced FI (p < 0.001) compared with control and glucose in pre-early pubertal children, but not in mid-late pubertal children. However, sex was a factor (p = 0.041) when FI was expressed per kilogram body weight. Pubertal status did not affect FI/kilogram body weight in boys, but it was 32% lower in mid-late pubertal girls than at pre-early puberty (p = 0.010). Appetite was associated with FI in mid-late pubertal children only. In conclusion, pubertal development affects appetite and FI regulation in children.
authors: a Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada.
authors: Barkha P
authors: BP
authors: Patel
authors: b Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
authors: Jill K
authors: JK
authors: Hamilton
authors: a Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada.
authors: Shirley
authors: S
authors: Vien
authors: c Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2W6, Canada.
authors: Scott G
authors: SG
authors: Thomas
authors: a Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada.
authors: G Harvey
authors: GH
authors: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D017195:Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D001069:Appetite Regulation; D001628:Beverages; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D062409:Lunch; D008297:Male; D009864:Ontario; D011627:Puberty; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D062410:Snacks; D000067816:Whey Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D000067816:Whey Proteins; D005947:Glucose
keywords: apport alimentaire; children; enfants; food intake; glucose; mid–late pubertal; petit-lait; pre–early pubertal; puberty; puberté; stade médian-final de la puberté; stade pré-initial de la puberté; whey protein