title: Neonatal encephalitis due to Chikungunya vertical transmission: First report in Brazil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the first case of Chikungunya encephalitis acquired in the perinatal period during the current outbreak in Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A male neonate with 3500 g developed macular erythematous rash, hypoactivity and fever progressing to generalized seizures. His mother had experienced a disseminated rash and fever before delivery. EEG showed diffuse slowing and cranial NMR was suggestive of encephalitis. Rt-PCR for Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was positive in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, urine and saliva. The newborn was discharged home with neurological improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report the first case of a perinatal CHIKV infection associated with a rapidly evolving encephalitis and an extensive dissemination of the virus as documented by positive rt-PCR results in CSF, blood, urine and saliva in the present outbreak in Brazil. In countries experiencing outbreaks of CHIKV infections, clinicians and neonatologists must be familiar with the possibility of the occurrence of neurologic complications and its possible consequences.
authors: Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências Medical School, Av. Luís Viana, 8812, Salvador - Bahia, Brazil.
authors: Antonio Carlos
authors: AC
authors: Bandeira
authors: Federal University of Bahia, Virology Laboratory, Brazil.
authors: Gubio Soares
authors: GS
authors: Campos
authors: Federal University of Bahia, Virology Laboratory, Brazil.
authors: Silvia Ines
authors: SI
authors: Sardi
authors: Hospital Geral Roberto Santos, Salvador, Brazil.
authors: Veronica França Diniz
authors: VF
authors: Rocha
authors: Hospital Aliança, Salvador, Brazil.
authors: Guilherme Cesar Mendes
authors: GC
authors: Rocha
keywords: Chikungunya neonatal; Chikungunya-associated encephalitis; Neonatal encephalitis; Neurological syndromes; Vertical transmission.