title: Genome Sequence of the Edible Cultivated Mushroom Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) Reveals Insights into Lignocellulose Degradation.
abstract: Lentinula edodes, one of the most popular, edible mushroom species with a high content of proteins and polysaccharides as well as unique aroma, is widely cultivated in many Asian countries, especially in China, Japan and Korea. As a white rot fungus with lignocellulose degradation ability, L. edodes has the potential for application in the utilization of agriculture straw resources. Here, we report its 41.8-Mb genome, encoding 14,889 predicted genes. Through a phylogenetic analysis with model species of fungi, the evolutionary divergence time of L. edodes and Gymnopus luxurians was estimated to be 39 MYA. The carbohydrate-active enzyme genes in L. edodes were compared with those of the other 25 fungal species, and 101 lignocellulolytic enzymes were identified in L. edodes, similar to other white rot fungi. Transcriptome analysis showed that the expression of genes encoding two cellulases and 16 transcription factor was up-regulated when mycelia were cultivated for 120 minutes in cellulose medium versus glucose medium. Our results will foster a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of lignocellulose degradation and provide the basis for partial replacement of wood sawdust with agricultural wastes in L. edodes cultivation.
authors: Institute of Applied Mycology, Plant Science and Technology College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.|Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors: Lianfu
authors: L
authors: Chen
authors: Institute of Applied Mycology, Plant Science and Technology College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.|Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors: Yuhua
authors: Y
authors: Gong
authors: Institute of Applied Mycology, Plant Science and Technology College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.|Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors: Yingli
authors: Y
authors: Cai
authors: Institute of Applied Mycology, Plant Science and Technology College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.|Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Liu
authors: Institute of Applied Mycology, Plant Science and Technology College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.|Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Zhou
authors: Institute of Applied Mycology, Plant Science and Technology College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.|Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Xiao
authors: Institute of Applied Mycology, Plant Science and Technology College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.|Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors: Zhangyi
authors: Z
authors: Xu
authors: Food Science and Technology College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors: Yin
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Food Science and Technology College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors: Xiaoyu
authors: X
authors: Lei
authors: Institute of Applied Mycology, Plant Science and Technology College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.|Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors: Gangzheng
authors: G
authors: Wang
authors: Institute of Applied Mycology, Plant Science and Technology College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.|Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors: Mengpei
authors: M
authors: Guo
authors: Institute of Applied Mycology, Plant Science and Technology College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.|Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors: Xiaolong
authors: X
authors: Ma
authors: Institute of Applied Mycology, Plant Science and Technology College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.|Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors: Yinbing
authors: Y
authors: Bian
mesh_terms: D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D008031:Lignin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D020942:Shiitake Mushrooms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; C036909:lignocellulose; D008031:Lignin