title: Chrysobalanus icaco L. fruits inhibit NADPH oxidase complex and protect DNA against doxorubicin-induced damage in Wistar male rats.
abstract: Chrysobalanus icaco L. is an underexplored plant found in tropical areas around the globe. Currently, there is no apparent information regarding the effects C. icaco fruits may exert in vivo or potential role in health promotion. This study aimed at providing evidence regarding the in vivo influence of this fruit on antigenotoxicity, antimutagenicity, and oxidative stress in rats. Male Wistar rats were treated with 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg body weight (bw)/d C. icaco fruit for 14 d. Doxorubicin (DXR, 15 mg/kg bw, ip) was used for DNA damaging and as an oxidant to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Genomic instability was assessed by the comet assay and micronucleus (MN) test, while antioxidant activity was determined by oxidative burst of neutrophils. Chrysobalanus icaco fruit polyphenols were quantified and characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector and tandem mass spectrometer (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS). The concentrations of 19 chemical elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Significant amounts of polyphenols, magnesium, and selenium were found in C. icaco fruit. This fruit displayed in vivo antioxidant activity against DXR-induced damage in rat peripheral blood neutrophils, antigenotoxicity in peripheral blood cells, and antimutagenicity in bone-marrow cells and peripheral blood cells. Correlation analyses between endpoints examined indicated that the mechanism underlying chemopreventive actions of C. icaco fruit was attributed to inhibition of NADPH oxidase complex manifested as low levels of DNA damage in animals exposed to DXR. Data indicate that phytochemicals and minerals in C. icaco fruit protect DNA against damage in vivo associated with their antioxidant properties.
authors: a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors: Vinicius Paula
authors: VP
authors: Venancio
authors: b School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas , Campinas , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors: Marcella Camargo
authors: MC
authors: Marques
authors: a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors: Mara Ribeiro
authors: MR
authors: Almeida
authors: b School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas , Campinas , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors: Lilian Regina Barros
authors: LR
authors: Mariutti
authors: a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors: Vanessa Cristina de Oliveira
authors: VC
authors: Souza
authors: a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors: Fernando
authors: F
authors: Barbosa
authors: a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors: Maria Lourdes
authors: ML
authors: Pires Bianchi
authors: a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors: Cleni Mara
authors: CM
authors: Marzocchi-Machado
authors: b School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas , Campinas , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors: Adriana Zerlotti
authors: AZ
authors: Mercadante
authors: a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors: Lusânia Maria Greggi
authors: LM
authors: Antunes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045469:Chrysobalanaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000633:toxicity; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D020011:Protective Agents; D004317:Doxorubicin; D019255:NADPH Oxidases