title: Characterisation of class 3 integrons with oxacillinase gene cassettes in hospital sewage and sludge samples from France and Luxembourg.
abstract: In this study, antibiotic resistance class 3 integrons in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from hospital sewage and sludge and their genetic contents were characterised. Two samples of hospital effluent from France and Luxembourg and one sample of sludge from a wastewater treatment plant in France were collected in 2010 and 2011. Bacteria were cultured on selective agar plates and integrons were detected in colonies by quantitative PCR. Integron gene cassette arrays and their genetic environments were analysed by next-generation sequencing. Three class 3 integron-positive isolates were detected, including Acinetobacter johnsonii LIM75 (French hospital effluent), Aeromonas allosaccharophila LIM82 (sludge) and Citrobacter freundii LIM86 (Luxembourg hospital effluent). The gene cassettes were all implicated in antibiotic (aminoglycoside and β-lactam) or antiseptic resistance. An oxacillinase gene cassette (blaOXA-10, blaOXA-368 or blaOXA-2) was found in each integron. All of the class 3 integrons were located on small mobilisable plasmids. This study highlights the role of class 3 integrons in the dissemination of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes, notably oxacillinase genes, in hospital effluent.
authors: INSERM, U1092, F-87000 Limoges, France; Université de Limoges, UMR-S 1092, F-87000 Limoges, France; Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
authors: Pierrette Landrie
authors: PL
authors: Simo Tchuinte
authors: INSERM, U1092, F-87000 Limoges, France; Université de Limoges, UMR-S 1092, F-87000 Limoges, France; Université de Limoges, GRESE, EA 4330, F-87000 Limoges, France.
authors: Thibault
authors: T
authors: Stalder
authors: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Venditti
authors: Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
authors: Antoinette
authors: A
authors: Ngandjio
authors: INSERM, U1092, F-87000 Limoges, France; Université de Limoges, UMR-S 1092, F-87000 Limoges, France; Université de Limoges, GRESE, EA 4330, F-87000 Limoges, France.
authors: Christophe
authors: C
authors: Dagot
authors: INSERM, U1092, F-87000 Limoges, France; Université de Limoges, UMR-S 1092, F-87000 Limoges, France; CHU Limoges, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, F-87000 Limoges, France.
authors: Marie-Cécile
authors: MC
authors: Ploy
authors: INSERM, U1092, F-87000 Limoges, France; Université de Limoges, UMR-S 1092, F-87000 Limoges, France; CHU Limoges, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, F-87000 Limoges, France. Electronic address: olivier.barraud@unilim.fr.
authors: Olivier
authors: O
authors: Barraud
mesh_terms: D000150:Acinetobacter / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000333:Aeromonas / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D016971:Citrobacter freundii / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005602:France; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D032023:Integrons; D008189:Luxembourg; D008967:Molecular Biology; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D001618:beta-Lactamases; C108449:oxacillinase
keywords: Antimicrobial resistance; Class 3 integron; Effluent; Environment; Oxacillinase