title: Sports Ultrasound: Applications Beyond the Musculoskeletal System.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Traditionally, ultrasound has been used to evaluate musculoskeletal injuries in athletes; however, ultrasound applications extend well beyond musculoskeletal conditions, many of which are pertinent to athletes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles were identified in PubMed using the search terms ultrasound, echocardiogram, preparticipation physical examination, glycogen, focused assessment with sonography of trauma, optic nerve, and vocal cord dysfunction. No date restrictions were placed on the literature search.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level 4.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Several potential applications of nonmusculoskeletal ultrasound in sports medicine are presented, including extended Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (eFAST), limited echocardiographic screening during preparticipation physical examinations, assessment of muscle glycogen stores, optic nerve sheath diameter measurements in athletes with increased intracranial pressure, and assessment of vocal cord dysfunction in athletes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasound can potentially be used to assist athletes with monitoring their muscle glycogen stores and the diagnosis of multiple nonmusculoskeletal conditions within sports medicine.
authors: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota Mayo Clinic Sports Medicine Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota finnoff.jonathan@mayo.edu.
authors: Jonathan T
authors: JT
authors: Finnoff
authors: Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors: Jeremiah
authors: J
authors: Ray
authors: Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Gianmichael
authors: G
authors: Corrado
authors: Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Deanna
authors: D
authors: Kerkhof
authors: Primary Care Sports Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Hill
mesh_terms: D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004452:Echocardiography; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D019586:Intracranial Hypertension / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010808:Physical Examination; D013178:Sports Medicine; D014463:Ultrasonography; D064706:Vocal Cord Dysfunction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D006003:Glycogen
keywords: diagnostic imaging; sports medicine; ultrasonography