title: Community-acquired bacteremia in Paediatrics: Epidemiology, aetiology and patterns of antimicrobial resistance in a tertiary care centre, Malaysia.
abstract: bacteremia continues to be one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality despite the existence of numerous antimicrobial agents. this study aimed to provide a Malaysian perspective on paediatric community-acquired bacteraemia based on the documentation of epidemiology and antimicrobial profile of the isolated pathogens.
  
  
  
  A retrospective study was conducted by analysing clinical details, blood cultures and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results in children between the ages of 0 to 13 years old, who were admitted to selayang Hospital over an 11-year period from 2001 until 2011. there were 222 bacteraemia cases and the median age was 11.7 months. the highest number (39%) of bacteraemia cases occurred between ages one month to one year. the three most commonly isolated aetiological agents were Staphylococcus aureus (17.1%), nontyphoidal Salmonella (16.2%), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (12.6%). Almost 8% of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates were methicillin resistant, while nontyphoidal Salmonella (Nts) isolates demonstrated 18.4%, 10.5% and 2.6% resistance towards ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin respectively. All Nts isolates were sensitive to ceftriaxone. Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates showed 17.9% resistance to penicillin. skin and soft tissue infections as well as lower respiratory tract infections (63.2%) were the main foci of infections in Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. Acute gastroenteritis (80.0%) and pneumonia (60.8%) were the main presentations of Nts and Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteraemia respectively. Overall mortality rate was 8.1%.
  
  
  
  Knowledge on the local epidemiology and antibiotic resistance pattern serves as a significant platform in improving the empiric antibiotic therapy for patients with community acquired bacteraemia.
authors: Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Medicine, Level 8, Academic Building, Sg. Buloh Campus, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia. azizahdublin@gmail.com.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Nor Azizah
authors: Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Medicine, Level 8, Academic Building, Sg. Buloh Campus, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors: M N
authors: MN
authors: Fadzilah
authors: Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Medicine, Level 8, Academic Building, Sg. Buloh Campus, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Mariam
authors: Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Medicine, Level 8, Academic Building, Sg. Buloh Campus, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors: Z A
authors: ZA
authors: Anis Siham
authors: Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Medicine, Level 8, Academic Building, Sg. Buloh Campus, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Ariza
authors: Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Medicine, Level 8, Academic Building, Sg. Buloh Campus, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors: M N
authors: MN
authors: Noor Shafina
authors: Paediatric Institute Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Department of Paediatric, Jalan Pahang, 50586 Kuala Lumpur.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Anita Kaur
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008296:Malaysia; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents