title: Knockout maternal adiponectin increases fetal growth in mice: potential role for trophoblast IGFBP-1.
abstract: The main objective of this study was to investigate whether maternal adiponectin regulates fetal growth through the endocrine system in the fetal compartment.
  
  
  
  Adiponectin knockout (Adipoq (-/-) ) mice and in vivo adenovirus-mediated reconstitution were used to study the regulatory effect of maternal adiponectin on fetal growth. Primary human trophoblast cells were treated with adiponectin and a specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist or antagonist to study the underlying mechanism through which adiponectin regulates fetal growth.
  
  
  
  The body weight of fetuses from Adipoq (-/-) dams was significantly greater than that of wild-type dams at both embryonic day (E)14.5 and E18.5. Adenoviral vector-mediated maternal adiponectin reconstitution attenuated the increased fetal body weight induced by maternal adiponectin deficiency. Significantly increased blood glucose, triacylglycerol and NEFA levels were observed in Adipoq (-/-) dams, suggesting that nutrient supply contributes to maternal adiponectin-regulated fetal growth. Although fetal blood IGF-1 concentrations were comparable in fetuses from Adipoq (-/-) and wild-type dams, remarkably low levels of IGF-binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) were observed in the serum of fetuses from Adipoq (-/-) dams. IGFBP-1 was identified in the trophoblast cells of human and mouse placentas. Maternal fasting robustly increased IGFBP-1 levels in mouse placentas, while reducing fetal weight. Significantly low IGFBP-1 levels were found in placentas of Adipoq (-/-) dams. Adiponectin treatment increased IGFBP-1 levels in primary cultured human trophoblast cells, while the PPARα antagonist, MK886, abolished this stimulatory effect.
  
  
  
  These results indicate that, in addition to nutrient supply, maternal adiponectin inhibits fetal growth by increasing IGFBP-1 expression in trophoblast cells.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0983, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
authors: Liping
authors: L
authors: Qiao
authors: Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0983, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
authors: Jean-Sebastien
authors: JS
authors: Wattez
authors: Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0983, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
authors: Samuel
authors: S
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0983, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
authors: Zhuyu
authors: Z
authors: Guo
authors: Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado at Denver and Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
authors: Jerome
authors: J
authors: Schaack
authors: Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
authors: William W
authors: WW
authors: Hay
authors: Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
authors: Matteo Moretto
authors: MM
authors: Zita
authors: Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
authors: Mana
authors: M
authors: Parast
authors: Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0983, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. jishao@ucsd.edu.
authors: Jianhua
authors: J
authors: Shao
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 / Q000097:blood*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002722:Chlorobenzenes
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007211:Indoles; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1; D047493:PPAR alpha; D014280:Triglycerides; C060893:MK-886; D002722:Chlorobenzenes
keywords: Adiponectin; Fetus; Growth; IGF-binding protein; Placenta