title: Protein adsorption capability on polyurethane and modified-polyurethane membrane for periodontal guided tissue regeneration applications.
abstract: Periodontal disease if left untreated can result in creation of defects within the alveolar ridge. Barrier membranes are frequently used with or without bone replacement graft materials for achieving periodontal guided tissue regeneration (GTR). Surface properties of barrier membranes play a vital role in their functionality and clinical success. In this study polyetherurethane (PEU) membranes were synthesized by using 4,4'-methylene-diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), polytetramethylene oxide (PTMO) and 1,4-butane diol (BDO) as a chain extender via solution polymerization. Hydroxyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) due to having inherent surface orientation towards air was used for surface modification of PEU on one side of the membranes. This resulting membranes had one surface being PEU and the other being PDMS coated PEU. The prepared membranes were treated with solutions of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in de-ionized water at 37°C at a pH of 7.2. The surface protein adsorptive potential of PEU membranes was observed using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and Confocal Raman spectroscopy. The contact angle measurement, tensile strength and modulus of prepared membranes were also evaluated. PEU membrane (89.86±1.62°) exhibited less hydrophobic behavior than PEU-PDMS (105.87±3.16°). The ultimate tensile strength and elastic modulus of PEU (27±1MPa and 14±2MPa) and PEU-PDMS (8±1MPa and 26±1MPa) membranes was in required range. The spectral analysis revealed adsorption of BSA proteins on the surface of non PDMS coated PEU surface. The PDMS modified PEU membranes demonstrated a lack of BSA adsorption. The non PDMS coated side of the membrane which adsorbs proteins could potentially be used facing towards the defect attracting growth factors for periodontal tissue regeneration. Whereas, the PDMS coated side could serve as an occlusive barrier for preventing gingival epithelial cells from proliferating and migrating into the defect space by facing the soft tissue flaps. This study demonstrates the potential of a dual natured PEU barrier membrane for use in periodontal tissue engineering applications and further investigations are required.
authors: Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Fitzgerald Building, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada; School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Rd, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom.
authors: Zeeshan
authors: Z
authors: Sheikh
authors: Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore 54000, Pakistan. Electronic address: draskhan@ciitlahore.edu.pk.
authors: Abdul Samad
authors: AS
authors: Khan
authors: Oral Care R&D, GSK St., Georges Ave., Weybridge KT13 8PA, United Kingdom.
authors: Nima
authors: N
authors: Roohpour
authors: Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Fitzgerald Building, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Glogauer
authors: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Kroto Research Institute, North Campus, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom.
authors: Ihtesham U
authors: IU
authors: Rehman
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D005881:Gingiva / Q000378:metabolism*; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal / Q000379:methods*; D008422:Materials Testing; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry*; D017155:Wettability
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011140:Polyurethanes; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine
keywords: Barrier membranes; FTIR spectroscopy; Mechanical properties; Periodontal tissue engineering; Polyurethanes; Protein adsorption; Raman spectroscopy