title: Assessing the Effects of Amoxicillin on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities, Lipid Peroxidation and Protein Carbonyl Content in the Clam Ruditapes philippinarum and the Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis.
abstract: In this study, we evaluated the capability of amoxicillin (AMX)-one of the most widely used antibiotics worldwide-to induce oxidative stress in both gills and digestive gland from two bivalve species, the clam Ruditapes philippinarum and the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, as well as the lipid peroxidation levels (LPO) and protein carbonyl content (PCC), were measured in bivalves exposed to 100, 200 and 400 µg AMX/L for 1, 3 and 7 days. The results obtained demonstrated that AMX affected slightly biomarker responses of molluscs.
authors: Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy. matozzo@bio.unipd.it.
authors: Valerio
authors: V
authors: Matozzo
authors: Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy.
authors: Margherita
authors: M
authors: Battistara
authors: Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy.
authors: Ilaria
authors: I
authors: Marisa
authors: Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy.
authors: Valeria
authors: V
authors: Bertin
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padua, Italy.
authors: Alessandro
authors: A
authors: Orsetti
mesh_terms: D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005880:Gills / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D049878:Mytilus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D000658:Amoxicillin; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase
keywords: Amoxicillin; Antibiotic; Antioxidants; Bivalve; Pharmaceutical