title: Inflammation, Left Ventricular Hypertrophy, and Mortality in End-stage Renal Disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate ventricular geometry, its relationship with the inflammatory markers, and mortality of patients with end-stage renal disease on peritoneal and hemodialysis treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled adult patients on long-term dialysis (hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis) for more than 3 months. Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed by an experienced cardiologist who was blinded to all clinical details of patients. Cardiovascular mortality was assessed during a 2-year follow-up period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 129 participants, of whom 86 (66%) were on hemodialysis. Left ventricular hypertrophy was present in 86.7%; concentric hypertrophy was found in 64 (49.1%) and eccentric hypertrophy in 48 patients (37.2%). Patients with left ventricular hypertrophy were further divided into tertiles according to their left ventricular mass index. Logistic regression found pulse pressure as an independent risk factor associated with left ventricular mass index (odds ratio [OR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01 to 1.19; P = .047). Cardiovascular mortality rate was 15.5%. Multivariable analysis showed that C-reactive protein (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.10; P = .01), pulse pressure (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.0 to 1.26; P = .046), and left ventricular mass index (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.21; P = .03) were independent risk factors for cardiovascular mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Concentric hypertrophy is the most frequent left ventricular geometry model in patients with chronic kidney disease. Inflammation, pulse pressure, and  left ventricular hypertrophy are interrelated and all contribute to mortality and cardiovascular death risk among dialysis patients.
authors: Majlinda
authors: M
authors: Cafka
authors: Service of Nephrology, University Hospital Center Mother Teresa, Tirana, Albania. meritarroji@yahoo.com.
authors: Merita
authors: M
authors: Rroji
authors: Saimir
authors: S
authors: Seferi
authors: Myftar
authors: M
authors: Barbullushi
authors: Genc
authors: G
authors: Burazeri
authors: Nereida
authors: N
authors: Spahia
authors: Alma
authors: A
authors: Idrizi
authors: Erjola
authors: E
authors: Likaj
authors: Joana
authors: J
authors: Seiti
authors: Jonida
authors: J
authors: Lazaj
authors: Artan
authors: A
authors: Goda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein