title: Intravenous Gadoxetate Disodium Administration Reduces Breath-holding Capacity in the Hepatic Arterial Phase: A Multi-Center Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial.
abstract: Purpose To determine, in a multicenter double-blinded placebo-controlled trial, whether maximal hepatic arterial phase breath-holding duration is affected by gadoxetate disodium administration. Materials and Methods Institutional review board approval was obtained for this prospective multi-institutional HIPAA-compliant study; written informed consent was obtained from all subjects. At three sites, a total of 44 volunteers underwent a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging examination in which images were acquired before and dynamically after bolus injection of gadoxetate disodium, normal saline, and gadoterate meglumine, administered in random order in a single session. The technologist and volunteer were blinded to the agent. Arterial phase breath-holding duration was timed after each injection, and volunteers reported subjective symptoms. Heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation were monitored. Images were independently analyzed for motion artifacts by three radiologists. Arterial phase breath-holding duration and motion artifacts after each agent were compared by using the Mann-Whitney U test and the McNemar test. Factors affecting the above outcomes were assessed by using a univariate, multivariable model. Results Arterial phase breath holds were shorter after gadoxetate disodium (mean, 32 seconds ± 19) than after saline (mean, 40 seconds ± 17; P < .001) or gadoterate meglumine (43 seconds ± 21, P < .001) administration. In 80% (35 of 44) of subjects, arterial phase breath holds were shorter after gadoxetate disodium than after both saline and gadoterate meglumine. Three (7%) of 44 volunteers had severe arterial phase motion artifacts after gadoxetate disodium administration, one (2%; P = .62) had them after gadoterate meglumine administration, and none (P = .25) had them after saline administration. HR and oxygen saturation changes were not significantly associated with contrast agent. Conclusion Maximal hepatic arterial phase breath-holding duration is reduced after gadoxetate disodium administration in healthy volunteers, and reduced breath-holding duration is associated with motion artifacts.©RSNA, 2016.
authors: From the Department of Radiology (T.R.M., B.C.A., T.A.J., C.M.M., M.R.B.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 3808, Durham, NC 27710; Departments of Radiology (U.M., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis; and Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (M.S.M., C.B.S.).
authors: Taylor R
authors: TR
authors: McClellan
authors: From the Department of Radiology (T.R.M., B.C.A., T.A.J., C.M.M., M.R.B.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 3808, Durham, NC 27710; Departments of Radiology (U.M., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis; and Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (M.S.M., C.B.S.).
authors: Utaroh
authors: U
authors: Motosugi
authors: From the Department of Radiology (T.R.M., B.C.A., T.A.J., C.M.M., M.R.B.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 3808, Durham, NC 27710; Departments of Radiology (U.M., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis; and Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (M.S.M., C.B.S.).
authors: Michael S
authors: MS
authors: Middleton
authors: From the Department of Radiology (T.R.M., B.C.A., T.A.J., C.M.M., M.R.B.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 3808, Durham, NC 27710; Departments of Radiology (U.M., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis; and Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (M.S.M., C.B.S.).
authors: Brian C
authors: BC
authors: Allen
authors: From the Department of Radiology (T.R.M., B.C.A., T.A.J., C.M.M., M.R.B.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 3808, Durham, NC 27710; Departments of Radiology (U.M., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis; and Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (M.S.M., C.B.S.).
authors: Tracy A
authors: TA
authors: Jaffe
authors: From the Department of Radiology (T.R.M., B.C.A., T.A.J., C.M.M., M.R.B.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 3808, Durham, NC 27710; Departments of Radiology (U.M., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis; and Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (M.S.M., C.B.S.).
authors: Chad M
authors: CM
authors: Miller
authors: From the Department of Radiology (T.R.M., B.C.A., T.A.J., C.M.M., M.R.B.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 3808, Durham, NC 27710; Departments of Radiology (U.M., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis; and Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (M.S.M., C.B.S.).
authors: Scott B
authors: SB
authors: Reeder
authors: From the Department of Radiology (T.R.M., B.C.A., T.A.J., C.M.M., M.R.B.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 3808, Durham, NC 27710; Departments of Radiology (U.M., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis; and Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (M.S.M., C.B.S.).
authors: Claude B
authors: CB
authors: Sirlin
authors: From the Department of Radiology (T.R.M., B.C.A., T.A.J., C.M.M., M.R.B.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 3808, Durham, NC 27710; Departments of Radiology (U.M., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis; and Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (M.S.M., C.B.S.).
authors: Mustafa R
authors: MR
authors: Bashir
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D062485:Breath Holding; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008536:Meglumine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C073590:gadolinium ethoxybenzyl DTPA; D008536:Meglumine; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; C072417:gadoterate meglumine