title: Pathology of thyroid in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The course of human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome can be complicated by a variety of endocrine abnormalities, including abnormalities of thyroid gland.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was designed to understand the spectrum of pathology of thyroid in Indian patients with AIDS. The present study describes the findings of retrospective autopsy findings of 158 patients with AIDS which revealed infectious diseases from a time period before the use of highly active antiretroviral regimen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A wide range of bacterial, fungal, and viral infections were observed. Tuberculosis was recorded in 14 (09%) patients, Cryptococcus neoformans in 11 (7%) patients and cytomegalovirus in 3 (2%) patients. Hashimoto's thyroiditis and lymphocytic thyroiditis were seen in 02 (01%) patients each. One patient had dual infection comprising of tuberculosis and cytomegalovirus infection. The other microscopic findings observed were goiter (2 patients), interstitial fibrosis in thyroid (7 patients), and calcification in thyroid (8 patients).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abnormalities of thyroid are uncommon findings in patients with HIV infection however several case reports of thyroid involvement by infectious agents and neoplasm are described in these patients; hence patients with HIV infection should be closely followed up for development of goiter or abnormalities of thyroid functions.
authors: Department of Pathology, Grant Government Medical College and Sir J. J. Hospital, Byculla, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors: Dhaneshwar Namdeorao
authors: DN
authors: Lanjewar
authors: Department of Pathology, Grant Government Medical College and Sir J. J. Hospital, Byculla, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors: Sushma Nagsen
authors: SN
authors: Ramraje
authors: Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
authors: Sonali Dhaneshwar
authors: SD
authors: Lanjewar
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D000328:Adult; D001344:Autopsy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult