title: Virtual Hematoxylin and Eosin Transillumination Microscopy Using Epi-Fluorescence Imaging.
abstract: We derive a physically realistic model for the generation of virtual transillumination, white light microscopy images using epi-fluorescence measurements from thick, unsectioned tissue. We demonstrate this technique by generating virtual transillumination H&E images of unsectioned human breast tissue from epi-fluorescence multiphoton microscopy data. The virtual transillumination algorithm is shown to enable improved contrast and color accuracy compared with previous color mapping methods. Finally, we present an open source implementation of the algorithm in OpenGL, enabling real-time GPU-based generation of virtual transillumination microscopy images using conventional fluorescence microscopy systems.
authors: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, United States of America.
authors: Michael G
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2570-0770
authors: MG
authors: Giacomelli
authors: Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
authors: Lennart
authors: L
authors: Husvogt
authors: Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors: Hilde
authors: H
authors: Vardeh
authors: Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors: Beverly E
authors: BE
authors: Faulkner-Jones
authors: Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
authors: Joachim
authors: J
authors: Hornegger
authors: Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors: James L
authors: JL
authors: Connolly
authors: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, United States of America.
authors: James G
authors: JG
authors: Fujimoto
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001940:Breast / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS) / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006416:Hematoxylin / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D014172:Transillumination / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS); D006416:Hematoxylin