title: The effect of transtheoretical model-based individual counseling, training, and a 6-month follow-up on smoking cessation in adult women: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to determine the effect of transtheoretical model (TTM)-based individual counseling, training, and a 6-month follow-up on smoking cessation in adult women.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out this randomized controlled trial in Konya, Turkey. Female subjects were randomly assigned into groups in a 1:1 ratio using block randomization, block size 3 × 3, divided by stages (precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation) and age (20-29, 30-39, and 40-49 years). The study was completed with 77 women (an intervention group containing 38 participants and a control group of 39 participants). The intervention group was interviewed 5 times (baseline and 1, 1.5, 2, and 6 months). Counseling and training were given to the intervention group at the first 3 interviews. The TTM scales were assessed for both groups at baseline and at 2 and 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 6-month follow-up, the rate of smoking cessation and the rate of progress were higher in the intervention group than in the control group. All the TTM variables had differences except the cognitive processes in the intervention group over time. Analysis of variance related to time × groups indicated that all variables had significantly changed except the cognitive processes and the pros of change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that the TTM may be useful in understanding the stages individuals are at and in deciding on the appropriate treatment for smoking cessation.
authors: Department of Nursing, Afyon School of Health, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
authors: Ayşe
authors: A
authors: Koyun
authors: School of Nursing, Koç University, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors: Kafiye
authors: K
authors: Eroğlu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003376:Counseling; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D014421:Turkey; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Behavior change; smoking cessation; women