title: Yeast Biodiversity in Vineyard Environments Is Increased by Human Intervention.
abstract: One hundred and five grape samples were collected during two consecutive years from 33 locations on seven oceanic islands of the Azores Archipelago. Grape samples were obtained from vineyards that were either abandoned or under regular cultivation involving common viticultural interventions, to evaluate the impact of regular human intervention on grape yeast biota diversity in vineyards. A total of 3150 yeast isolates were obtained and 23 yeast species were identified. The predominant species were Hanseniaspora uvarum, Pichia terricola, Starmerella bacillaris and Issatchenkia hanoiensis. The species Barnettozyma californica, Candida azymoides and Pichia cecembensis were reported in grapes or wine-associated environments for the first time. A higher biodiversity was found in active vineyards where regular human intervention takes place (Shannon index: 1.89 and 1.53 in the first and second years, respectively) when compared to the abandoned ones (Shannon index: 0.76 and 0.31). This finding goes against the assumptions that human intervention can destroy biodiversity and lead to homogeneity in the environment. Biodiversity indices were considerably lower in the year with the heaviest rainfall. This study is the first to report on the grape yeast communities from several abandoned vineyards that have undergone no human intervention.
authors: CITAA - Research Center for Agricultural Technology of Azores, University of Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal.|Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
authors: João
authors: J
authors: Drumonde-Neves
authors: Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
authors: Ricardo
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2333-6127
authors: R
authors: Franco-Duarte
authors: CITAA - Research Center for Agricultural Technology of Azores, University of Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal.
authors: Teresa
authors: T
authors: Lima
authors: Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
authors: Dorit
authors: D
authors: Schuller
authors: Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
authors: Célia
authors: C
authors: Pais
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D001394:Azores; D044822:Biodiversity; D000072480:Farms; D006801:Humans; D000072761:Mycobiome; D027843:Vitis / Q000382:microbiology*; D015003:Yeasts / Q000235:genetics*