title: Doping control container for urine stabilization: a pilot study.
abstract: Urine collection containers used in the doping control collection procedure do not provide a protective environment for urine, against degradation by microorganisms and proteolytic enzymes. An in-house chemical stabilization mixture was developed to tackle urine degradation problems encountered in human sport samples, in cases of microbial contamination or proteolytic activity. The mixture consists of antimicrobial substances and protease inhibitors for the simultaneous inactivation of a wide range of proteolytic enzymes. It has already been tested in lab-scale, as part of World Anti-Doping Agency's (WADA) funded research project, in terms of efficiency against microbial and proteolytic activity. The present work, funded also by WADA, is a follow-up study on the improvement of chemical stabilization mixture composition, application mode and limitation of interferences, using pilot urine collection containers, spray-coated in their internal surface with the chemical stabilization mixture. Urine in plastic stabilized collection containers have been gone through various incubation cycles to test for stabilization efficiency and analytical matrix interferences by three WADA accredited Laboratories (Athens, Ghent, and Rome). The spray-coated chemical stabilization mixture was tested against microorganism elimination and steroid glucuronide degradation, as well as enzymatic breakdown of proteins, such as intact hCG, recombinant erythropoietin and small peptides (GHRPs, ipamorelin), induced by proteolytic enzymes. Potential analytical interferences, observed in the presence of spray-coated chemical stabilization mixture, were recorded using routine screening procedures. The results of the current study support the application of the spray-coated plastic urine container, in the doping control collection procedure. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors: Doping Control Laboratory of Athens, Olympic Athletic Center of Athens, Maroussi, Greece.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Tsivou
authors: Doping Control Laboratory of Athens, Olympic Athletic Center of Athens, Maroussi, Greece.|National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Athens, Greece.
authors: Evangelia
authors: E
authors: Giannadaki
authors: Universiteit Gent, Doping Control Laboratory of Ghent, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
authors: Fiona
authors: F
authors: Hooghe
authors: Universiteit Gent, Doping Control Laboratory of Ghent, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
authors: Kris
authors: K
authors: Roels
authors: Universiteit Gent, Doping Control Laboratory of Ghent, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
authors: Wim
authors: W
authors: Van Gansbeke
authors: Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medica Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy.
authors: Flaminia
authors: F
authors: Garribba
authors: Doping Control Laboratory of Athens, Olympic Athletic Center of Athens, Maroussi, Greece.
authors: Emmanouil
authors: E
authors: Lyris
authors: Universiteit Gent, Doping Control Laboratory of Ghent, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
authors: Koen
authors: K
authors: Deventer
authors: Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medica Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy.
authors: Monica
authors: M
authors: Mazzarino
authors: Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medica Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy.
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Donati
authors: Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Athens, Greece.
authors: Dimitrios G
authors: DG
authors: Georgakopoulos
authors: Universiteit Gent, Doping Control Laboratory of Ghent, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Van Eenoo
authors: Anti Doping Lab Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
authors: Costas G
authors: CG
authors: Georgakopoulos
authors: Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medica Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy.
authors: Xavier
authors: X
authors: de la Torre
authors: Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medica Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy.
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Botrè
mesh_terms: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000652:urine; D004247:DNA / Q000652:urine; D004300:Doping in Sports; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000652:urine; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010455:Peptides / Q000652:urine; D010865:Pilot Projects; D059748:Proteolysis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000652:urine; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013256:Steroids / Q000652:urine; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D010455:Peptides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013256:Steroids; D004921:Erythropoietin; D004247:DNA
keywords: doping control; microorganisms; proteases; stabilization; urine degradation