title: Progestin suppressed inflammation and cell viability of tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated endometriotic stromal cells.
abstract: Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease. Progestins are a first-line treatment for endometriosis via activation of pituitary progesterone receptors and suppression of systemic estrogen: a less than optimal treatment. Increasing evidence is beginning to show that progestins may also influence local endometriotic cells, which may contribute to their clinical efficacy.
  
  
  
  Endometrial stromal cells (ESC) isolated from women with endometriosis were cultured with TNF-α to simulate an inflammatory environment. ESC were treated with the progestins, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), norethisterone acetate (NETA), or dienogest (DNG) and cytokine mRNA production, protein secretion, and cell viability measured.
  
  
  
  DNG, NETA, and MPA suppressed the secretion of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 from ESC. DNG and NETA only reduced the TNF-α-stimulated mRNA production. All three progestins suppressed TNF-α-stimulated ESC proliferation.
  
  
  
  Progestins may influence endometriotic stromal cells altering the inflammatory microenvironment and their clinical efficacy.
authors: Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.|Department of Clinical Research, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: Grandi
authors: Department of Clinical Research, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Inselspital, Berne University Hospital, Berne, Switzerland.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Mueller
authors: Department of Clinical Research, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Inselspital, Berne University Hospital, Berne, Switzerland.
authors: Nick
authors: N
authors: Bersinger
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Inselspital, Berne University Hospital, Berne, Switzerland.
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Papadia
authors: Department of Clinical Research, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Inselspital, Berne University Hospital, Berne, Switzerland.
authors: Konstatinos
authors: K
authors: Nirgianakis
authors: Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
authors: Angelo
authors: A
authors: Cagnacci
authors: Department of Clinical Research, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland. brett.mckinnon@dkf.unibe.ch.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Inselspital, Berne University Hospital, Berne, Switzerland. brett.mckinnon@dkf.unibe.ch.
authors: Brett
authors: B
authors: McKinnon
mesh_terms: D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D060833:Cellular Microenvironment; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000276:immunology*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000473:pathology*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D009277:Nandrolone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077563:Norethindrone Acetate; D011372:Progestins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004967:Estrogens; D011372:Progestins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C023635:dienogest; D009277:Nandrolone; D000077563:Norethindrone Acetate; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate; D009640:Norethindrone
keywords: dienogest; endometriosis; inflammation; medroxyprogesterone acetate; norethisterone acetate