title: Head and neck lymphatic malformation and treatment: Clinical study of 23 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Head and neck lymphatic malformation is a rare benign tumor, mainly affecting children under 1 year of age. Total resection is often difficult, and recurrence is frequent. Functional and esthetic sequelae are a major issue.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-center retrospective study recruited patients with head and neck lymphatic malformation managed surgically, with or without associated sclerosis by alcohol, bleomycin or aetoxisclerol, between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2013. Local control, recurrence and complications rates were analyzed, as were swallowing disorder, tracheostomy and impaired phonation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three patients, with a mean age of 15.80 years, were included. Location was suprahyoid in 17 cases (73.91%) and infrahyoid in 6 (26.09%). There were 11 macrocysts (47.82%), 2 microcysts (8.70%) and 10 mixed lesions (43.48%). Three patients showed spontaneous resolution; 12 patients (52.17%) underwent a single surgical procedure, 2 (8.7%) multiple procedures, 2 (8.7%) 1 surgical procedure and 1 sclerosis, 2 (8.7%) 1 surgical procedure and multiple scleroses, and 2 (8.7%) multiple procedures and multiple scleroses. The local control rate was 69.56%. There were 8 recurrences (34.78%), all in suprahyoid microcystic or mixed lesions. There were 2 complications (8.7%): 1 severe upper cervical edema following sclerosis of the floor of the mouth, and 1 postsurgical palsy of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve. In 1 case (4.35%), a nasogastric tube was required for 6 days, without tracheostomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recurrence was frequent, with non-negligible functional and esthetic impact, especially in case of suprahyoid and microcystic lesion.
authors: CHU Dupuytren, Service ORL et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, 2, avenue Martin-Luther-King, 87042 Limoges cedex, France. Electronic address: justine.lerat@chu-limoges.fr.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Lerat
authors: CHU Dupuytren, Service de Neuroradiologie Interventionnelle, 2, avenue Martin-Luther-King, 87042 Limoges cedex, France.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Mounayer
authors: CHU Dupuytren, Service ORL et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, 2, avenue Martin-Luther-King, 87042 Limoges cedex, France.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Scomparin
authors: CHU Dupuytren, Service ORL et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, 2, avenue Martin-Luther-King, 87042 Limoges cedex, France.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Orsel
authors: CHU Dupuytren, Service ORL et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, 2, avenue Martin-Luther-King, 87042 Limoges cedex, France.
authors: J-P
authors: JP
authors: Bessede
authors: CHU Dupuytren, Service ORL et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, 2, avenue Martin-Luther-King, 87042 Limoges cedex, France.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Aubry
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000438:Alcohols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D055154:Dysphonia / Q000209:etiology; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000209:etiology; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008202:Lymphangioma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077423:Polidocanol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015911:Sclerotherapy; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions; D000077423:Polidocanol; D001761:Bleomycin; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols
keywords: Complications; Lymphatic malformations; Sclerosis; Surgery; Treatment