title: Fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor play a critical role in endotheliogenesis from human adipose-derived stem cells.
abstract: Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are a potential adult mesenchymal stem cell source for restoring endothelial function in patients with critical limb ischemia. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) play a major role in angiogenesis and wound healing. This study evaluated the effects of FGF and VEGF on the proliferation, migration, and potential endothelial differentiation of human ASCs with regards to their use as endothelial cell substitutes.
  
  
  
  ASCs were isolated from clinical lipoaspirates and cultured in M199 medium with fetal bovine serum (10%), FGF2 (10 ng/mL), VEGF (50 ng/mL), or combinations of FGF2 and VEGF. Cell proliferation rates, viability, and migration were measured by growth curves, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), and scratch assays. For cell attachment determinations, ASCs were seeded onto a scaffold of small intestinal submucosa for 5 days. Endothelial differentiation capabilities of ASCs were confirmed by expression of endothelial cell-specific markers using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence staining, and cord formation on Matrigel (BD Biosciences, San Jose, Calif). PD173074, a selective inhibitor of FGF receptor, was used to confirm the importance of FGF signaling.
  
  
  
  ASCs treated with FGF or combinations of FGF and VEGF showed increased proliferation rates and consistent differentiation toward an endothelial cell lineage increase in platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (CD31), von Willebrand factor, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and vascular endothelial cadherin message, and in protein and cord formation on Matrigel. FGF and VEGF stimulated ASC migration and increased the attachment and retention after seeding onto a matrix graft of small intestinal submucosa. Blockade of FGF signaling with PD173074 abrogated ASC endothelial cell differentiation potential.
  
  
  
  These results indicate that FGF and VEGF are ASC promoters for proliferation, migration, attachment, and endothelial differentiation. FGF and VEGF have a costimulatory effect on ASC endotheliogenesis. These results further suggest that ASCs with enhanced FGF signaling may potentially be used for tissue engineering and cell-based therapies in patients with critical limb ischemia.
authors: Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital and Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ.
authors: Sophia
authors: S
authors: Khan
authors: Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital and Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ.
authors: Miguel A
authors: MA
authors: Villalobos
authors: Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital and Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ.
authors: Rachel L
authors: RL
authors: Choron
authors: Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital and Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ.
authors: Shaohua
authors: S
authors: Chang
authors: Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital and Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ.
authors: Spencer A
authors: SA
authors: Brown
authors: Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital and Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ.
authors: Jeffrey P
authors: JP
authors: Carpenter
authors: Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital and Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ.
authors: Thomas N
authors: TN
authors: Tulenko
authors: Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital and Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ. Electronic address: zhang-ping@cooperhealth.edu.
authors: Ping
authors: P
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D066026:Endothelial Progenitor Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D010641:Phenotype; D013997:Time Factors; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2