title: Where is the future of cardiac lead extraction heading?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) is the gold standard for lead removal. The increasing rate of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantations and of CIED related complications highlight the importance of transvenous lead extraction .
  
  
  METHODS
  The TLE scenario is constantly changing. Optimizing lead related technology and improving TLE practice across the world are the cornerstones to improving safety and efficacy. We review the state of the art in TLE, focusing on potential future implications and improvements in terms of skills and technologies. Expert commentary: The increased number of extractions will increase the necessity of safe and effective TLE. New technologies, techniques and appropriate training is warranted across the world.
authors: a Second Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiac and Thoracic Department, New Santa Chiara Hospital , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.
authors: Maria Grazia
authors: MG
authors: Bongiorni
authors: a Second Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiac and Thoracic Department, New Santa Chiara Hospital , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Di Cori
authors: a Second Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiac and Thoracic Department, New Santa Chiara Hospital , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.
authors: Luca
authors: L
authors: Segreti
authors: a Second Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiac and Thoracic Department, New Santa Chiara Hospital , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.
authors: Giulio
authors: G
authors: Zucchelli
authors: a Second Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiac and Thoracic Department, New Santa Chiara Hospital , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.
authors: Stefano
authors: S
authors: Viani
authors: a Second Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiac and Thoracic Department, New Santa Chiara Hospital , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.
authors: Luca
authors: L
authors: Paperini
authors: a Second Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiac and Thoracic Department, New Santa Chiara Hospital , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Menichetti
authors: a Second Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiac and Thoracic Department, New Santa Chiara Hospital , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: Coluccia
authors: a Second Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiac and Thoracic Department, New Santa Chiara Hospital , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.
authors: Ezio
authors: E
authors: Soldati
mesh_terms: D058409:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices / Q000009:adverse effects; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000379:methods*; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000009:adverse effects; D020878:Device Removal / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D020380:Needs Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Transvenous lead extraction; device implantation; leadless