title: Parental Tobacco Smoking and Acute Myeloid Leukemia: The Childhood Leukemia International Consortium.
abstract: The association between tobacco smoke and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is well established in adults but not in children. Individual-level data on parental cigarette smoking were obtained from 12 case-control studies from the Childhood Leukemia International Consortium (CLIC, 1974-2012), including 1,330 AML cases diagnosed at age <15 years and 13,169 controls. We conducted pooled analyses of CLIC studies, as well as meta-analyses of CLIC and non-CLIC studies. Overall, maternal smoking before, during, or after pregnancy was not associated with childhood AML; there was a suggestion, however, that smoking during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk in Hispanics (odds ratio = 2.08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20, 3.61) but not in other ethnic groups. By contrast, the odds ratios for paternal lifetime smoking were 1.34 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.62) and 1.18 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.51) in pooled and meta-analyses, respectively. Overall, increased risks from 1.2- to 1.3-fold were observed for pre- and postnatal smoking (P < 0.05), with higher risks reported for heavy smokers. Associations with paternal smoking varied by histological type. Our analyses suggest an association between paternal smoking and childhood AML. The association with maternal smoking appears limited to Hispanic children, raising questions about ethnic differences in tobacco-related exposures and biological mechanisms, as well as study-specific biases.
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Metayer
authors: Eleni
authors: E
authors: Petridou
authors: Juan Manuel Mejía
authors: JM
authors: Aranguré
authors: Eve
authors: E
authors: Roman
authors: Joachim
authors: J
authors: Schüz
authors: Corrado
authors: C
authors: Magnani
authors: Ana Maria
authors: AM
authors: Mora
authors: Beth A
authors: BA
authors: Mueller
authors: Maria S Pombo
authors: MS
authors: de Oliveira
authors: John D
authors: JD
authors: Dockerty
authors: Kathryn
authors: K
authors: McCauley
authors: Tracy
authors: T
authors: Lightfoot
authors: Emmanouel
authors: E
authors: Hatzipantelis
authors: Jérémie
authors: J
authors: Rudant
authors: Janet
authors: J
authors: Flores-Lujano
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Kaatsch
authors: Lucia
authors: L
authors: Miligi
authors: Catharina
authors: C
authors: Wesseling
authors: David R
authors: DR
authors: Doody
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Moschovi
authors: Laurent
authors: L
authors: Orsi
authors: Stefano
authors: S
authors: Mattioli
authors: Steve
authors: S
authors: Selvin
authors: Alice Y
authors: AY
authors: Kang
authors: Jacqueline
authors: J
authors: Clavel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010290:Parents; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000139:chemically induced; D012306:Risk; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
keywords: acute myeloid leukemia; childhood cancer; international collaboration; parental smoking