title: The impact of CO2-driven ocean acidification on early development and calcification in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius.
abstract: The impact of CO2-driven ocean acidification(OA) on early development and calcification in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius cultured in northern Yellow Sea was investigated by comparing fertilization success, early cleavage rate, hatching rate of blastulae, larvae survival rate at 70h post-fertilization, larval morphology and calcification under present natural seawater condition (pH=8.00±0.03) and three laboratory-controlled acidified conditions (OA1, △pH=-0.3units; OA2, △pH=-0.4units; OA3, △pH=-0.5units) projected by IPCC for 2100. Results showed that pH decline had no effect on the overall fertilization, however, with decreased pH, delayed early embryonic cleavage, reduced hatching rate of blastulae and four-armed larvae survival rate at 70h post-fertilization, impaired larval symmetry, shortened larval spicules, and corrosion spicule structure were observed in all OA-treated groups as compared to control, which indicated that CO2-driven OA affected early development and calcification in S. intermedius negatively.
authors: Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.
authors: Yaoyao
authors: Y
authors: Zhan
authors: Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.
authors: Wanbin
authors: W
authors: Hu
authors: Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.
authors: Weijie
authors: W
authors: Zhang
authors: Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.
authors: Minbo
authors: M
authors: Liu
authors: Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.
authors: Lizhu
authors: L
authors: Duan
authors: Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.
authors: Xianya
authors: X
authors: Huang
authors: Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China. Electronic address: yqkeylab@hotmail.com.
authors: Yaqing
authors: Y
authors: Chang
authors: College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
authors: Cong
authors: C
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids; D000818:Animals; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005306:Fertilization; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D047269:Strongylocentrotus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002245:Carbon Dioxide
keywords: Calcification; Early development; Ocean acidification; Strongylocentrotus intermedius