title: Liposome-entrapped GABA modulates the expression of nNOS in NG108-15 cells.
abstract: Liposomes are concentric lipid vesicles that allow a sustained release of entrapped substances. GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) is the most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
  
  
  
  Using GABA-containing liposomes (GL) prepared by the freeze-thawing method, we determined the effect of sustained release of GABA on expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and GABAAreceptor (GABAAR) in an in vitro neuronal model.
  
  
  
  Neuronal cell line NG108-15 treated with different doses of GL during 24h showed an increase in expression of GABAAR (54 and 50% with 10 and 20ng doses, respectively) and nNOS (138, 157 and 165% with 20, 50 and 100ng doses, respectively) compared with cells treated with empty liposomes (EL). Additionally, cells treated with 50ng of GL showed an increase in GABAAR (23%) after 1h followed by an increase in nNOS (55, 46 and 55%) at 8, 12 and 24h time points, respectively. Immunofluorescence experiments confirmed an increase in nNOS (134%) and basal intracellular levels of nitric oxide (84%) after GL treatment. Further, treatment of cells with GL showed a decrease in expression of a protein inhibitor of nNOS (PIN) (26, 66 and 57% with 20, 50 and 100ng doses respectively) compared with control.
  
  
  
  This is first demonstration for the development of GL that allows sustained slow release of this neurotransmitter.
  
  
  
  These results suggest that a slow release of GABA can change the expression of nNOS possibly via alteration in PIN levels in neuronal cells.
authors: Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors: Gisele C
authors: GC
authors: Vaz
authors: Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, United States.
authors: Neeru M
authors: NM
authors: Sharma
authors: Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, United States.
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Zheng
authors: Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, United States.
authors: Matthew C
authors: MC
authors: Zimmerman
authors: Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors: Robson S
authors: RS
authors: Santos
authors: Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors: Frederic
authors: F
authors: Frezard
authors: Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors: Marco A P
authors: MAP
authors: Fontes
authors: Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, United States. Electronic address: kpatel@unmc.edu.
authors: Kaushik P
authors: KP
authors: Patel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050882:CREB-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D056445:Cytoplasmic Dyneins / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D008081:Liposomes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000473:pathology; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000378:metabolism*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D008081:Liposomes; D009573:Nitrites; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D050882:CREB-Binding Protein; C486069:Dynll1 protein, rat; D056445:Cytoplasmic Dyneins
keywords: GABA; Liposome; NG108-15; PIN; nNOS