title: Coevolution of Peer-Reviewed Literature and Clinical Practice in High-Grade Glioma Resection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The paradigm of evidence-based medicine dictates that clinical practice should reflect the shifting landscape of the peer-reviewed literature. Here, we examined the extent to which this premise is fulfilled as it pertains to the surgical resection of high-grade gliomas (HGGs).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We assessed trends in published literature regarding HGG survival after resection in conjunction with trends in clinical practice patterns of HGG resection.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a comprehensive PubMed search to identify articles that examined whether gross total resection (GTR) improves HGG survival. Temporal trends in the literature were compared with rates of GTR in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, the Veterans Health Administration database, and published data series from academic neuro-oncology centers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before 2000, the ratio of articles supporting survival benefit of GTR relative to those not supporting it ranged from approximately 1:5 to 1:1. Since 2000, this ratio has steadily increased such that by the post-2013 period, 32 of the 33 published articles (>30:1) supported the survival benefit of GTR. Although the frequency of GTR increased during the 2000-2004 period in the SEER and Veterans Health Administration database, no further increase in the frequency of GTR was observed thereafter. In contrast, resection rates in academic neuro-oncology centers continued to increase subsequent to 2004.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that clinical practice patterns mirror publication patterns for HGG resection, suggesting that neurosurgical oncology is a field in which clinical practice is informed by the peer-reviewed literature.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Computation Organizations and Society Program, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors: Brian R
authors: BR
authors: Hirshman
authors: Computation Organizations and Society Program, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors: Laurie A
authors: LA
authors: Jones
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
authors: Kate T
authors: KT
authors: Carroll
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
authors: Jessica A
authors: JA
authors: Tang
authors: The Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
authors: James A
authors: JA
authors: Proudfoot
authors: Computation Organizations and Society Program, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors: Kathleen M
authors: KM
authors: Carley
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
authors: Bob S
authors: BS
authors: Carter
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. Electronic address: clarkchen@ucsd.edu.
authors: Clark C
authors: CC
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010380:Peer Review; D010506:Periodicals as Topic; D039781:PubMed / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018426:SEER Program; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D014493:United States Department of Veterans Affairs
keywords: Anaplastic astrocytoma; Evidence-based medicine; Extent of resection; Glioblastoma; High-grade glioma (HGG)