title: CFD for wastewater treatment: an overview.
abstract: Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a rapidly emerging field in wastewater treatment (WWT), with application to almost all unit processes. This paper provides an overview of CFD applied to a wide range of unit processes in water and WWT from hydraulic elements like flow splitting to physical, chemical and biological processes like suspended growth nutrient removal and anaerobic digestion. The paper's focus is on articulating the state of practice and research and development needs. The level of CFD's capability varies between different process units, with a high frequency of application in the areas of final sedimentation, activated sludge basin modelling and disinfection, and greater needs in primary sedimentation and anaerobic digestion. While approaches are comprehensive, generally capable of incorporating non-Newtonian fluids, multiphase systems and biokinetics, they are not broad, and further work should be done to address the diversity of process designs. Many units have not been addressed to date. Further needs are identified throughout, but common requirements include improved particle aggregation and breakup (flocculation), and improved coupling of biology and hydraulics.
authors: Civil and Sanitary Engineer, PO Box 10129, Bainbridge Island, WA, USA E-mail: randal.samstag@rsamstag.com.
authors: R W
authors: RW
authors: Samstag
authors: North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: Ducoste
authors: Hazen and Sawyer, Hollywood, FL, USA.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Griborio
authors: BIOMATH, Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Nopens
authors: University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors: D J
authors: DJ
authors: Batstone
authors: The Fluid Group, Oxford, UK.
authors: J D
authors: JD
authors: Wicks
authors: The Ibis Group, Micanopy, FL, USA.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Saunders
authors: Carollo Engineers, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors: E A
authors: EA
authors: Wicklein
authors: R.V. Anderson Associates, Toronto, Canada.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Kenny
authors: Icube, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Laurent
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D062065:Wastewater