title: Pressure-Flow Analysis for the Assessment of Pediatric Oropharyngeal Dysphagia.
abstract: To determine which objective pressure-impedance measures of pharyngeal swallowing function correlated with clinically assessed severity of oropharyngeal dysphagia (OPD) symptoms.
  
  
  
  Forty-five children with OPD and 34 control children without OPD were recruited and up to 5 liquid bolus swallows were recorded with a solid-state high-resolution manometry with impedance catheter. Individual measures of pharyngeal and upper esophageal sphincter (UES) function and a swallow risk index composite score were derived for each swallow, and averaged data for patients with OPD were compared with those of control children without OPD. Clinical severity of OPD symptoms and oral feeding competency was based on the validated Dysphagia Disorders Survey and Functional Oral Intake Scale.
  
  
  
  Those objective measures that were markers of UES relaxation, UES opening, and pharyngeal flow resistance differentiated patients with and without OPD symptoms. Patients demonstrating abnormally high pharyngeal intrabolus pressures and high UES resistance, markers of outflow obstruction, were most likely to have signs and symptoms of overt Dysphagia Disorders Survey (OR 9.24, P = .05, and 9.7, P = .016, respectively).
  
  
  
  Pharyngeal motor patterns can be recorded in children by the use of HRIM and pharyngeal function can be defined objectively with the use of pressure-impedance measures. Objective measurements suggest that pharyngeal dysfunction is common in children with clinical signs of OPD. A key finding of this study was evidence of markers of restricted UES opening.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia; School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia. Electronic address: lara.ferris@sa.gov.au.
authors: Lara
authors: L
authors: Ferris
authors: Department of Neurosciences, ExpORL, Deglutology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Nathalie
authors: N
authors: Rommel
authors: School of Health Sciences, Speech Pathology & Audiology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
authors: Sebastian
authors: S
authors: Doeltgen
authors: School of Health Sciences, Speech Pathology & Audiology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
authors: Ingrid
authors: I
authors: Scholten
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.
authors: Stamatiki
authors: S
authors: Kritas
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.
authors: Rammy
authors: R
authors: Abu-Assi
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.
authors: Lisa
authors: L
authors: McCall
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.
authors: Grace
authors: G
authors: Seiboth
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.
authors: Katie
authors: K
authors: Lowe
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Moore
authors: Department of Speech Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.
authors: Jenny
authors: J
authors: Faulks
authors: School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
authors: Taher
authors: T
authors: Omari
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017097:Electric Impedance; D049631:Esophageal Sphincter, Upper / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010614:Pharynx / Q000503:physiopathology; D011312:Pressure; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: impedance; manometry; motility; oropharyngeal dysphagia; pressure flow analysis