title: Detection of respiratory viruses in shelter dogs maintained under varying environmental conditions.
abstract: Three dog shelters in Rio Grande do Sul were investigated for associations between the occurrence of respiratory viruses and shelter environmental conditions. Nasal secretions randomly collected during the cold season were tested via PCR, and this data collection was followed by nucleotide sequencing of the amplicons. In shelter #1 (poor sanitary and nutritional conditions, high animal density and constant contact between dogs), 78% (58/74) of the nasal samples were positive, 35% (26/74) of which were in single infections and 44% (32/74) of which were in coinfections. Shelters #2 and #3 had satisfactory sanitary and nutritional conditions, outdoors exercise areas (#2) and animal clustering by groups (#3). In shelter #2, 9% (3/35) of the samples were positive for Canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV), and 6% (2/35) were positive for Canid herpesvirus 1 (CaHV-1). In shelter #3, 9% (7/77) of the samples were positive for Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAdV-2), and 1% (1/77) were positive for Canine distemper virus (CDV). The amplicon sequences (CPIV and CDV nucleoprotein gene; CAdV-2 E3 gene; CaHV-1 glycoprotein B gene) showed 94-100% nucleotide identity with GenBank sequences. Our results demonstrate that CPIV, CAdV-2 and CDV are common in dog shelters and that their frequencies appear to be related with environmental and nutritional conditions. These results indicate the need for control/prevention measures, including vaccination and environmental management, to minimize these infections and improve dog health.
authors: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Setor de Virologia Veterinária, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors: Francielle Liz
authors: FL
authors: Monteiro
authors: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Setor de Virologia Veterinária, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors: Juliana Felipetto
authors: JF
authors: Cargnelutti
authors: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Setor de Virologia Veterinária, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors: Mathias
authors: M
authors: Martins
authors: Faculdade Meridional (IMED), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
authors: Deniz
authors: D
authors: Anziliero
authors: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Setor de Virologia Veterinária, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors: Magnólia Martins
authors: MM
authors: Erhardt
authors: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Setor de Virologia Veterinária, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors: Rudi
authors: R
authors: Weiblen
authors: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Setor de Virologia Veterinária, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: eduardofurtadoflores@gmail.com.
authors: Eduardo Furtado
authors: EF
authors: Flores
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D060085:Coinfection; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D004285:Dogs; D004777:Environment; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000662:veterinary*; D014780:Viruses / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics
keywords: CAdV-2; CDV; CPIV; CaHV-1