title: Minocycline ameliorates D-galactose-induced memory deficits and loss of Arc/Arg3.1 expression.
abstract: Dysfunction of learning and memory is widely found in many neurological diseases. Understanding how to preserve the normal function of learning and memory will be extremely beneficial for the treatment of these diseases. However, the possible protective effect of minocycline in memory impairment is unknown. We used the well-established D-galactose rat amnesia model and two behavioral tasks, the Morris water maze and the step-down task, for memory evaluation. Western blot and PCR were used to examine the protein and mRNA levels of Arc/Arg3.1. We report that minocycline supplementation ameliorates both the spatial and fear memory deficits caused by D-galactose. We also found that Arc/Arg3.1, c-fos, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are decreased in the D-galactose animal model, and that minocycline reverses the protein and mRNA levels of Arc in the hippocampus, suggesting the potential role of Arc/Arg3.1 in minocycline's neuroprotective mechanism. Our study strongly suggests that minocycline can be used as a novel treatment for memory impairment in neurological diseases.
authors: Department of Pathology, Henan Cancer Hospital (The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China. lixu06@163.com.
authors: Xu
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (The Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China. lufen06@163.com.
authors: Fen
authors: F
authors: Lu
authors: Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (The Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Li
authors: Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (The Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Xu
authors: Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (The Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
authors: Xiao-Jing
authors: XJ
authors: Sun
authors: Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (The Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
authors: Ling-Zhi
authors: LZ
authors: Qin
authors: Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (The Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
authors: Qian-Lin
authors: QL
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (The Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Yao
authors: Department of Pathology, Henan Cancer Hospital (The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China.
authors: Qing-Kai
authors: QK
authors: Yu
authors: Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (The Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
authors: Xin-Liang
authors: XL
authors: Liang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005690:Galactose / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008911:Minocycline / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; C092069:activity regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein; D008911:Minocycline; D005690:Galactose
keywords: Arc; D-Galactose; Memory deficits