title: Clock gene Per2 as a controller of liver carcinogenesis.
abstract: Environmental disruption of molecular clocks promoted liver carcinogenesis and accelerated cancer progression in rodents. We investigated the specific role of clock gene Period 2 (Per2) for liver carcinogenesis and clock-controlled cellular proliferation, genomic instability and inflammation. We assessed liver histopathology, and determined molecular and physiology circadian patterns in mice on chronic diethylnitrosamine (DEN) exposure according to constitutive Per2 mutation. First, we found that Per2m/m liver displayed profound alterations in proliferation gene expression, including c-Myc derepression, phase-advanced Wee1, and arrhythmic Ccnb1 and K-ras mRNA expressions, as well as deregulated inflammation, through arrhythmic liver IL-6 protein concentration, in the absence of any DEN exposure. These changes could then make Per2m/m mice more prone to subsequently develop liver cancers on DEN. Indeed, primary liver cancers were nearly fourfold as frequent in Per2m/m mice as compared to wild-type (WT), 4 months after DEN exposure. The liver molecular clock was severely disrupted throughout the whole carcinogenesis process, including the initiation stage, i.e. within the initial 17 days on DEN. Per2m/m further exhibited increased c-Myc and Ccnb1 mean 24h expressions, lack of P53 response, and arrhythmic ATM, Wee1 and Ccnb1 expressions. DEN-induced tumor related inflammation was further promoted through increased protein concentrations of liver IL-6 and TNF-α as compared to WT during carcinogenesis initiation. Per2 mutation severely deregulated liver gene or protein expressions related to three cancer hallmarks, including uncontrolled proliferation, genomic instability, and tumor promoting inflammation, and accelerated liver carcinogenesis several-fold. Clock gene Per2 acted here as a liver tumor suppressor from initiation to progression.
authors: INSERM and Paris Sud University, UMRS 995, Team « Cancer Chronotherapy and Postoperative Liver », Campus CNRS, Villejuif F-94807, France.
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Mteyrek
authors: INSERM and Paris Sud University, UMRS 995, Team « Cancer Chronotherapy and Postoperative Liver », Campus CNRS, Villejuif F-94807, France.
authors: Elisabeth
authors: E
authors: Filipski
authors: Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory of Anatomy and Pathologic Cytology, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif F-94800, France.
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Guettier
authors: Istanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Beyazit TR-34116, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Alper
authors: A
authors: Okyar
authors: INSERM and Paris Sud University, UMRS 995, Team « Cancer Chronotherapy and Postoperative Liver », Campus CNRS, Villejuif F-94807, France.|Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory of Anatomy and Pathologic Cytology, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif F-94800, France.|Warwick Medical School, Cancer Chronotherapy Unit, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
authors: Francis
authors: F
authors: Lévi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D063646:Carcinogenesis; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009154:Mutation; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; C513312:Per2 protein, mouse; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine
keywords: Cell cycle genes; Circadian rhythm; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Molecular clock; Per2 gene