title: Breaking Down the Barriers to Precision Cancer Nanomedicine.
abstract: Nanomedicine offers unique advantages in treating human cancers. However, physiological and pathological barriers within normal and disease tissues, which are highly variable among individuals, often hinder its effectiveness. The body possesses specific innate responses to nanoparticles (NPs), which when combined with unique pathophysiological signatures in the tumor microenvironment, can severely limit the utility of nanomedicine in the oncological setting. Furthermore, with the successes of cancer immunotherapies, understanding nanoimmune interactions and developing immune-smart cancer nanomedicine that can take advantage of the body's immune functions will increasingly become clinically relevant. Therefore, a better understanding of the important native and acquired biological processes that dictate the fate of nanomedicine is integral to developing more effective individualized platforms for treating cancer patients.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors: Christina
authors: C
authors: von Roemeling
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: wjiang4@mdanderson.org.
authors: Wen
authors: W
authors: Jiang
authors: Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors: Charles K
authors: CK
authors: Chan
authors: Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors: Irving L
authors: IL
authors: Weissman
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA. Electronic address: kim.betty@mayo.edu.
authors: Betty Y S
authors: BYS
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000379:methods*
keywords: blood–brain barrier; drug delivery; mononuclear phagocyte system; nanomedicine; nanoparticles; opsonization; polyethylene glycol