title: Usual Intake of Added Sugars and Saturated Fats Is High while Dietary Fiber Is Low in the Mexican Population.
abstract: The Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT) was carried out in 2012. Information from the survey is used to design and evaluate food and nutrition policies in Mexico.
  
  
  
  The objective of this study was to estimate the usual intake of energy and macronutrients in the Mexican population by using the ENSANUT 2012.
  
  
  
  Twenty-four-hour recall interviews were administered to a nationally representative subsample of 10,096 individuals aged ≥1 y from the ENSANUT 2012. Usual intake distributions and the prevalence of inadequate intakes were estimated by using the Iowa State University method. Student's t tests and tests on the equality of proportions were used to compare usual intakes and prevalence of inadequacy across socioeconomic status, area (rural or urban), and region of residence (North, Center, or South).
  
  
  
  Energy and macronutrient intakes and indicators of dietary adequacy are presented for children (ages 1-4 y and 5-11 y), adolescents (12-19 y), and adults (≥20 y). At the national level, the estimated mean fiber intake was below the Adequate Intake for all population subgroups, suggesting inadequacies. The estimated proportion with a usual added sugars intake of >10% of total energy intake was >64% in all age groups. The proportion with a usual saturated fat intake of >10% of total energy intake was estimated to be >78% in children, >66% in adolescents, and >50% in adults. Overall, fiber intake was lower and intakes of saturated fat and added sugars were higher in urban compared with rural areas, in the North compared with South regions, and among those with high compared with low socioeconomic status (P < 0.05).
  
  
  
  Fiber intake is lower and added sugar and saturated fat intakes are higher than recommended for >50% of the Mexican population aged ≥1 y. These results highlight the importance of improving the diets of the overall population to reduce the risk of noncommunicable chronic diseases.
authors: Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; and.
authors: Nancy
authors: 0000-0002-7528-0954
authors: N
authors: López-Olmedo
authors: Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.
authors: Alicia L
authors: AL
authors: Carriquiry
authors: Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; and.
authors: Sonia
authors: 0000-0002-5439-4389
authors: S
authors: Rodríguez-Ramírez
authors: Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; and.
authors: Ivonne
authors: I
authors: Ramírez-Silva
authors: Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; and.
authors: Juan
authors: 0000-0001-5408-5044
authors: J
authors: Espinosa-Montero
authors: Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; and.
authors: Lucia
authors: 0000-0002-0963-5710
authors: L
authors: Hernández-Barrera
authors: Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; and.
authors: Fabricio
authors: 0000-0002-7184-0547
authors: F
authors: Campirano
authors: Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; and.
authors: Brenda
authors: B
authors: Martínez-Tapia
authors: Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; and jrivera@insp.mx.
authors: Juan A
authors: 0000-0003-2586-4908
authors: JA
authors: Rivera
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D064427:Nutritive Sweeteners / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D064167:Recommended Dietary Allowances; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005227:Fatty Acids; D064427:Nutritive Sweeteners
keywords: Mexican population; diet methodology; energy; macronutrients; usual intake