title: Activated Protein C Resistance Does Not Increase Risk for Recurrent Stroke or Death in Stroke Patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Activated protein C (APC) resistance is the most common inherited prothrombotic disorder. The role of APC resistance in ischemic stroke is controversially discussed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this single center follow up study was to investigate the effect of APC resistance on stroke recurrence and survival in stroke patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively identified 966 patients who had had an ischemic stroke or transitory ischemic attack (TIA) and in whom laboratory tests for APC resistance had been conducted. These patients were contacted to determine the primary outcomes of recurrent ischemic stroke or death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 858 patients with an average follow up time of 8.48 years were included. APC resistance did not influence cumulative incidence functions for stroke free and total survival. In multivariate analyses, crude and adjusted hazard ratios for recurrent stroke as well as for death where not significantly increased in patients with APC resistance. This also applies to the subgroups of young patients, patients with cryptogenic stroke and patients with atrial fibrillation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  APC-resistance is not a risk factor for subsequent stroke or death in patients with a first ischemic stroke or TIA. Testing for APC-resistance in stroke patients therefore cannot be routinely recommended.
authors: Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, München, Germany.
authors: Markus Alexander
authors: MA
authors: Thaler
authors: Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, München, Germany.
authors: Regina
authors: R
authors: Feurer
authors: Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, München, Germany.
authors: Christoph
authors: C
authors: Thaler
authors: Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, München, Germany.
authors: Natalie
authors: N
authors: Sonntag
authors: Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, München, Germany.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Schleef
authors: Institut für Medizinische Statistik und Epidemiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, München, Germany.
authors: Ina-Christine
authors: IC
authors: Rondak
authors: Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, München, Germany.
authors: Holger
authors: H
authors: Poppert
mesh_terms: D020016:Activated Protein C Resistance / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011486:Protein C / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D011486:Protein C