title: Spanish version of the Kidney Disease Knowledge Survey (KiKS) in Peru: cross-cultural adaptation and validation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 50 million people globally. Several studies show the importance of implementing interventions that enhance patients knowledge about their disease. In 2011 the Kidney Disease Knowledge Survey (KiKS) was developed: a questionnaire that assesses the specific knowledge about chronic kidney disease in pre-dialysis patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To translate to Spanish, culturally adapt and validate the Kidney Disease Knowledge Survey questionnaire in a population of patients with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a Spanish translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Kidney Disease Knowledge Survey questionnaire. Subsequently, we determined its validity and reliability. We determined the validity through construct validity; and reliability by evaluating its internal consistency and its intra-observer reliability (test-retest).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a good internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson = 0.85). The intra-observer reliability was measured by the intra-class correlation coefficient that yielded a value of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.5-1.0). This value indicated a good reproducibility; also, the mean difference of -1.1 test-retest SD 6.0 (p = 0.369) confirms this finding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The translated Spanish version of the Kidney Disease Knowledge Survey is acceptable and equivalent to the original version; it also has a good reliability, validity and reproducibility. Therefore, it can be used in a population of patients with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease.
authors: Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú . Address: Pedro Unanue 191, Urbanización Antares, San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú. Email: evelinmota@hotmail.com.
authors: Evelin
authors: E
authors: Mota-Anaya
authors: Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Yumpo-Cárdenas
authors: Departamento de Nefrología, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Lima, Perú
authors: Edmundo
authors: E
authors: Alva-Bravo
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Míchigan, United States.
authors: Julie
authors: J
authors: Wright-Nunes
authors: Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú
authors: Percy
authors: P
authors: Mayta-Tristán
mesh_terms: D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D010568:Peru; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: chronic kidney disease; knowledge; predialysis patients; validation study