title: Anti-Diabetic Activity and Metabolic Changes Induced by Andrographis paniculata Plant Extract in Obese Diabetic Rats.
abstract: Andrographis paniculata is an annual herb and widely cultivated in Southeast Asian countries for its medicinal use. In recent investigations, A. paniculata was found to be effective against Type 1 diabetes mellitus (Type 1 DM). Here, we used a non-genetic out-bred Sprague-Dawley rat model to test the antidiabetic activity of A. paniculata against Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM). Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (¹H-NMR) spectroscopy in combination with multivariate data analyses was used to evaluate the A. paniculata and metformin induced metabolic effects on the obese and obese-diabetic (obdb) rat models. Compared to the normal rats, high levels of creatinine, lactate, and allantoin were found in the urine of obese rats, whereas, obese-diabetic rats were marked by high glucose, choline and taurine levels, and low lactate, formate, creatinine, citrate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinate, dimethylamine, acetoacetate, acetate, allantoin and hippurate levels. Treatment of A. paniculata leaf water extract was found to be quite effective in restoring the disturbed metabolic profile of obdb rats back towards normal conditions. Thisstudy shows the anti-diabetic potential of A. paniculata plant extract and strengthens the idea of using this plant against the diabetes. Further classical genetic methods and state of the art molecular techniques could provide insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and anti-diabetic effects of A. paniculata water extract.
authors: Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia. tayyabakhtar@hotmail.com.
authors: Muhammad Tayyab
authors: MT
authors: Akhtar
authors: Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia. syakir.sarib@gmail.com.
authors: Mohamad Syakir
authors: MS
authors: Bin Mohd Sarib
authors: Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia. safinar@upm.edu.my.
authors: Intan Safinar
authors: IS
authors: Ismail
authors: Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia. faridah_abas@upm.edu.my.
authors: Faridah
authors: F
authors: Abas
authors: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia. aminis@upm.edu.my.
authors: Amin
authors: A
authors: Ismail
authors: Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia. nordinlajis@gmail.com.
authors: Nordin Hj
authors: NH
authors: Lajis
authors: Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia. khozirah@yahoo.com.my.
authors: Khozirah
authors: K
authors: Shaari
mesh_terms: D035685:Andrographis / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Andrographis paniculata; NMR; diabetes; metabolomics; obese-diabetic rat; type 2 DM