title: Impaired function of trophoblast cells derived from translocated hESCs may explain pregnancy loss in women with balanced translocation (11;22).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to study whether the trophoblasts carrying unbalanced translocation 11,22 [t(11;12)] display abnormal expression of trophoblastic genes and impaired functional properties that may explain implantation failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  t(11;22) hESCs and control hESCs were differentiated in vitro into trophoblast cells in the presence of BMP4, and trophoblast vesicles (TBVs) were created in suspension. The expression pattern of extravillous trophoblast (EVT) genes was compared between translocated and control TBVs. The functional properties of the TBVs were evaluated by their attachment to endometrium cells (ECC1) and invasion through trans-well inserts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TBVs derived from control hESCs expressed EVT genes from functioning trophoblast cells. In contrast, TBVs differentiated from the translocated hESC line displayed impaired expression of EVT genes. Moreover, the number of TBVs that were attached to endometrium cells was significantly lower compared to the controls. Correspondingly, invasiveness of trophoblast-differentiated translocated cells was also significantly lower than that of the control cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results may explain the reason for implantation failure in couple carriers of t(11;22). They also demonstrate that translocated hESCs comprise a valuable in vitro human model for studying the mechanisms underlying implantation failure.
authors: Wolfe PGD Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.|Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.
authors: Alina
authors: A
authors: Shpiz
authors: Wolfe PGD Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel. dalitb@tlvmc.gov.il.|Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel. dalitb@tlvmc.gov.il.
authors: Dalit
authors: D
authors: Ben-Yosef
authors: Wolfe PGD Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.
authors: Yael
authors: Y
authors: Kalma
mesh_terms: D000028:Abortion, Induced; D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000235:genetics*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D000066449:Human Embryonic Stem Cells; D006801:Humans; D010920:Placenta / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D014178:Translocation, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Human embryonic stem cells; Implantation; Translocation; Trophoblasts