title: Rhodamine-based chemodosimeter for fluorescent determination of Hg(2+) in 100% aqueous solution and in living cells.
abstract: A rhodamine spirolactam derivative (1) bearing a hydrophilic carboxylic acid group is developed as a fluorescent chemodosimeter for bivalent mercury ions (Hg(2+)) in 100% aqueous solution. It exhibits a highly sensitive "turn-on" fluorescent response toward Hg(2+) with a 42-fold fluorescence intensity enhancement under 1 equiv. of Hg(2+) added. The chemodosimeter can be applied to the quantification of Hg(2+) with a linear range covering from 3.0 × 10(-7) to 1.0 × 10(-5) M and a detection limit of 9.7 × 10(-8) M. Most importantly, the fluorescence changes of the chemodosimeter are remarkably specific for Hg(2+) in the presence of other metal ions, which meet the selective requirements for practical application. Moreover, the experiment results show that the response behavior of 1 towards Hg(2+) is pH independent in neutral condition (pH 5.0-8.0) and the response is fast (response time less than 3 min). Furthermore, the ring-opening mechanism of the rhodamine spirolactam induced by Hg(2+) was supported by NMR, MS, and DFT theoretical calculations. In addition, the proposed chemodosimeter has been used to detect Hg(2+) in water samples and image Hg(2+) in living cells with satisfying results.
authors: Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China.
authors: Dan
authors: D
authors: Li
authors: Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China. Electronic address: lichunyan79@sina.com.
authors: Chun-Yan
authors: CY
authors: Li
authors: College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China.
authors: Yong-Fei
authors: YF
authors: Li
authors: Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China.
authors: Zhi
authors: Z
authors: Li
authors: Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China. Electronic address: xufen983712@163.com.
authors: Fen
authors: F
authors: Xu
mesh_terms: D005453:Fluorescence; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D012996:Solutions; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D012235:Rhodamines; D012996:Solutions; D014867:Water; D008628:Mercury
keywords: Cell imaging; Chemodosimeter; Fluorescence; Mercury ion; Rhodamine; Turn-on