title: Hodgkin lymphoma: Late effects of treatment and guidelines for surveillance.
abstract: Long-term survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are at risk for a range of late effects, with second malignant neoplasm and cardiovascular diseases being the leading causes of death in these patients. The excess risks remain significantly elevated decades after treatment, and are clearly associated with extent of treatment exposures. Other late effects have also been identified, such as pulmonary dysfunction, endocrinopathies, muscle atrophy, and persistent fatigue. Systemic documentation of late effects and recognition of treatment- and patient-related risk factors are important, as they inform optimal surveillance and risk-reduction strategies, as well as guide therapeutic modifications in newly diagnosed patients to minimize treatment-related complications. As HL therapy evolves over time, with adoption of novel agents and contemporary treatment techniques, late effect risks and follow-up recommendations need to be continuously updated.
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Andrea K
authors: AK
authors: Ng
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Division of Psychosocial Research & Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: f.v.leeuwen@nki.nl.
authors: Flora E
authors: FE
authors: van Leeuwen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D017741:Survivors
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Hodgkin lymphoma; Late effects; Second malignant neoplasms