title: Molecular epidemiology of enterovirus and parechovirus infections according to patient age over a 4-year period in Spain.
abstract: The epidemiology and clinical association of enterovirus (EV) and parechovirus (HPeV) infections, as well as the type-distribution-according-to-age, were determined during a 4-year study period in Spain. During 2010-2013, a total of 21,832 clinical samples were screened for EV and the detection frequency was 6.5% (1,430). Of the total EV-negative samples, only 1,873 samples from 2011 to 2013 were available for HPeV testing. HPeV was detected in 42 (2%) of them. Positive samples were genotyped using PCR and sequencing. EV infections occurred in all age groups of patients: neonates (17%), children 28 days to 2 years (29%), children 2-14 years (40%), and adults (14%). Thirty-four different EV types were identified. HPeV infections were detected exclusively in infants <8 m (70% neonates, P < 0.05). All but one HPeV were HPeV-3. Differences in type frequency detection were found according to age and clinical manifestation. Coxsackievirus (CV)-B4 (61%), CV-B5 (83%), and HPeV-3 (64%) were more frequent in neonates than in older patients (P < 0.05). Echovirus (E)-3 (60%), E-18 (47%), E-25 (62%), CV-A6 (61%), CV-A16 (72%), and EV-71 (75%) were mainly detected in children 28 days to 2 years (P < 0.05), whereas, E-6 (79%), E-20 (88%), and E-30 (85%) were predominant in children >2 years and adults (P < 0.05). Clinically, meningitis was associated with EV (P < 0.01) whereas, encephalitis was more frequent in HPeV-infected patients. CV-B types were associated with myocarditis (90%; P < 0.05) and EV species A with hand-foot-mouth-disease/atypical exanthema (88%; P < 0.05). J. Med. Virol. 89:435-442, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors: National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors: María
authors: M
authors: Cabrerizo
authors: National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors: María
authors: M
authors: Díaz-Cerio
authors: Hospital San Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Carmen
authors: C
authors: Muñoz-Almagro
authors: Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Núria
authors: N
authors: Rabella
authors: National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Tarragó
authors: Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.
authors: María Pilar
authors: MP
authors: Romero
authors: Hospital Gran Canaria Dr Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
authors: María José
authors: MJ
authors: Pena
authors: Hospital Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Calvo
authors: Hospital Meixoeiro, Vigo, Spain.
authors: Sonia
authors: S
authors: Rey-Cao
authors: Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Moreno-Docón
authors: Hospital Cruces, Bilbao, Spain.
authors: Inés
authors: I
authors: Martínez-Rienda
authors: National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Almudena
authors: A
authors: Otero
authors: National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Gloria
authors: G
authors: Trallero
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D030061:Parechovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: enterovirus; epidemiology; immunity/immunization; nervous system; pathogenesis; virus classification