title: Factors Associated With Timing of Return to Intercourse After Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries.
abstract: The impact of obstetric perineal trauma on timing of return to intercourse is unclear, although sexual desire is clearly decreased in these women. In addition, studies examining timing of return to intercourse are cross-sectional and therefore cannot delineate potential reasons that patients might delay return to intercourse.
  
  
  
  To identify factors associated with delayed return to intercourse after obstetric anal sphincter injuries.
  
  
  
  This was a planned secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of women sustaining obstetric anal sphincter injuries during delivery of a full-term singleton infant. Patients completed the Fecal Incontinence Severity Index at every postpartum visit (1, 2, 6, and 12 weeks) and the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire-12 once resuming vaginal intercourse. Intercourse was considered "delayed" if patients did not resume intercourse by the 12-week visit. This cutoff was chosen because it was subsequent to the 6-week visit, when patients were instructed to return to normal pelvic activity. Continuous variables were compared using the Student t-test (parametric) or Mann-Whitney U-test (non-parametric). The χ(2) test was used for categorical variables. Statistical significance was assigned with a P value less than .05.
  
  
  
  Primary outcome measurements were differences in pelvic floor symptoms on validated surveys between the "delayed" and "not-delayed" groups at the first postpartum visit and at the time the subjects returned to intercourse. We used the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depression, the Urinary Distress Inventory-6 and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7 for urinary symptoms, the visual analog scale for pain, the Fecal Incontinence Severity Index for bowel symptoms, and the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire-12 at the return to intercourse visit only.
  
  
  
  One hundred ninety-nine women were included in this analysis. Most were Caucasian (77%) and primiparous (86%). One hundred nineteen women (60%) did not resume vaginal intercourse until after the 12-week visit and were deemed "delayed." Patients who delayed intercourse scored higher on the Fecal Incontinence Severity Index (more anal incontinence) than those who resumed intercourse before 12 weeks (15.4 ± 12.3 vs 12.0 ± 12.8, P = .02). The delayed group also had worse sexual function, shown as lower Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire-12 scores (35.4 ± 5.9 vs 38.4 ± 4.1, P ≤ .001) and persistently higher Fecal Incontinence Severity Index scores (4.1 ± 7.3 vs 1.6 ± 4.4, P = .001), at the first visit after returning to intercourse.
  
  
  
  Patients with obstetric anal sphincter injuries who do not resume intercourse by 12 weeks postpartum report more severe anal incontinence symptoms and worse sexual function after return to coitus.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: aleaderc@nm.org.
authors: Alix
authors: A
authors: Leader-Cramer
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors: Kimberly
authors: K
authors: Kenton
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors: Bhumy
authors: B
authors: Davé
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors: Dana R
authors: DR
authors: Gossett
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors: Margaret
authors: M
authors: Mueller
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors: Christina
authors: C
authors: Lewicky-Gaupp
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000293:injuries* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003075:Coitus; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010147:Pain Measurement; D056887:Pelvic Organ Prolapse / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010502:Perineum / Q000293:injuries; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology
keywords: Anal Incontinence; Fecal Incontinence; Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury; Sexual Dysfunction