title: Epstein-Barr virus infection induces bone resorption in apical periodontitis via increased production of reactive oxygen species.
abstract: Chronic inflammatory processes in periapical tissues caused by etiological agents of endodontic origin lead to apical periodontitis. Apart from bacteria, two herpesviruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) are recognized as putative pathogens in apical periodontitis. Although previous reports suggest the involvement of EBV in the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis, its exact role in periapical bone resorption has not yet been fully elucidated. We hypothesize that EBV infection in apical periodontitis is capable of inducing periapical bone resorption via stimulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction. Increased levels of ROS induce expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL). RANKL binding to receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK) present on the surface of preosteoclasts induces their maturation and activation which consequently leads to bone resorption. The potential benefit of antiviral and antioxidant-based therapies in periapical bone resorption treatment remains to be assessed.
authors: Clinic of Oral Surgery and Implantology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: dr.sasuli@hotmail.com.
authors: Aleksandar
authors: A
authors: Jakovljevic
authors: Clinic of Oral Surgery and Implantology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Miroslav
authors: M
authors: Andric
authors: Department of Pathophysiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Maja
authors: M
authors: Miletic
authors: Clinic of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Rankeova 4, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Katarina
authors: K
authors: Beljic-Ivanovic
authors: Department of Virology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Aleksandra
authors: A
authors: Knezevic
authors: Department of Biology and Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Slavko
authors: S
authors: Mojsilovic
authors: Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotic 4, PO Box 102, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Jelena
authors: J
authors: Milasin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D001862:Bone Resorption; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000737:chemistry; D010485:Periapical Periodontitis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; C505686:TNFRSF11A protein, human; C505688:TNFSF11 protein, human