title: Associated ultrasonographic findings in fetuses with microcephaly because of suspected Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe fetal ultrasonographic findings and outcomes in a series of cases of fetal microcephaly associated with Zika virus infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series of microcephaly with definite (laboratory evidence) or highly probable (specific neuroimaging findings and negative laboratory results) maternal Zika virus infection. Microcephaly was graded as mild if the head circumference was between 2 and 3 standard deviation (SD) below the mean, and severe if 3 or more SD below the mean. Associated central nervous system (CNS) and extracranial malformations are described.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen singleton pregnancies fulfilling the inclusion criteria were identified. Severe microcephaly and mild microcephaly were identified in 14 and 5 fetuses, respectively. Additional CNS malformations were present in 17 cases and 7 had extracranial congenital anomalies. Symptoms were reported in 13/19 cases at a gestational age between 5 and 16 weeks. Mean (±SD) gestational age at ultrasound diagnosis was 32.3 ± 5.1 weeks. Amniocentesis was performed in five cases at a median gestational age of 31 weeks (range 28-38) and was positive for Zika virus RT-PCR in two cases. There were three neonatal deaths and one stillbirth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the presence of fetal microcephaly associated with Zika virus infection, CNS malformations are frequently detected. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors: Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors: Francisco Herlânio Costa
authors: FH
authors: Carvalho
authors: Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors: Kárita Melo
authors: KM
authors: Cordeiro
authors: Mário Palmério University Hospital-University of Uberaba (UNIUBE), Uberaba, MG, Brazil.|Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine-Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Alberto Borges
authors: AB
authors: Peixoto
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guastalla Civil Hospital, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
authors: Gabriele
authors: G
authors: Tonni
authors: Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine-Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Antonio Fernandes
authors: AF
authors: Moron
authors: Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors: Francisco Edson Lucena
authors: FE
authors: Feitosa
authors: Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors: Helvécio Neves
authors: HN
authors: Feitosa
authors: Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine-Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil. araujojred@terra.com.br.
authors: Edward
authors: E
authors: Araujo Júnior
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008831:Microcephaly / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000821:virology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D055815:Young Adult; D000071243:Zika Virus Infection / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*