title: Vector Competence of Anopheles kleini and Anopheles sinensis (Diptera: Culicidae) From the Republic of Korea to Vivax Malaria-Infected Blood From Patients From Thailand.
abstract: In total, 1,300 each of Anopheles kleini Rueda and Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann sensu stricto (s.s.) females (colonized from the Republic of Korea) and Anopheles dirus Peyton & Harrison (Thai strain) were allowed to feed on blood from Thai malaria patients naturally infected with Plasmodium vivax The overall oocyst infection rates for An. dirus, An. kleini, and An. sinensis s.s. were 77.4, 46.1, and 45.9%, respectively. The mean number of oocysts was significantly higher for An. dirus (82.7) compared with An. kleini (6.1) and An. sinensis s.s. (8.6), whereas the mean number of oocysts for An. kleini and An. sinensis s.s. was similar. The overall sporozoite infection rates for An. dirus, An. kleini, and An. sinensis s.s. dissected on days 14-15, 21, and 28 days post-feed were significantly higher for An. dirus (90.0%) than An. kleini (5.4%), whereas An. kleini sporozoite rates were significantly higher than An. sinensis s.s. (<0.1%). The overall sporozoite indices for positive females with +3 (100-1,000 sporozoites) and +4 (>1,000 sporozoites) salivary gland indices were significantly higher for An. dirus (85.7%), compared with An. kleini (47.1%). Only one An. sinensis s.s. had sporozoites (+2; >10-100 sporozoites). These results indicate that An. kleini is a competent vector of vivax malaria. Although An. sinensis s.s. develops relatively high numbers of oocysts, it is considered a very poor vector of vivax malaria due to a salivary gland barrier.
authors: Department of Entomology, US Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi, Phayathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand (ratawanu.fsn@afrims.org; Anthony.l.schuster.mil@mail.mil; Patrick.w.mccardle.mil@mail.mil; SiripornP.fsn@afrims.org, RatreeT.fsn@afrims.org; Silas.Davidson.mil@afrims.org) ratawanu.fsn@afrims.org.
authors: Ratawan
authors: R
authors: Ubalee
authors: 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15247 APO AP 96205-5247 (hungchol.kim2.ln@mail.mil).
authors: Heung-Chul
authors: HC
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Entomology, US Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi, Phayathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand (ratawanu.fsn@afrims.org; Anthony.l.schuster.mil@mail.mil; Patrick.w.mccardle.mil@mail.mil; SiripornP.fsn@afrims.org, RatreeT.fsn@afrims.org; Silas.Davidson.mil@afrims.org).|Current Address: Preventive Health Services Office, Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234.
authors: Anthony L
authors: AL
authors: Schuster
authors: Department of Entomology, US Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi, Phayathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand (ratawanu.fsn@afrims.org; Anthony.l.schuster.mil@mail.mil; Patrick.w.mccardle.mil@mail.mil; SiripornP.fsn@afrims.org, RatreeT.fsn@afrims.org; Silas.Davidson.mil@afrims.org).|Current Address: Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Forest Glen, MD, 20910.
authors: Patrick W
authors: PW
authors: McCardle
authors: Department of Entomology, US Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi, Phayathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand (ratawanu.fsn@afrims.org; Anthony.l.schuster.mil@mail.mil; Patrick.w.mccardle.mil@mail.mil; SiripornP.fsn@afrims.org, RatreeT.fsn@afrims.org; Silas.Davidson.mil@afrims.org).
authors: Siriporn
authors: S
authors: Phasomkusolsil
authors: Department of Entomology, US Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi, Phayathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand (ratawanu.fsn@afrims.org; Anthony.l.schuster.mil@mail.mil; Patrick.w.mccardle.mil@mail.mil; SiripornP.fsn@afrims.org, RatreeT.fsn@afrims.org; Silas.Davidson.mil@afrims.org).
authors: Ratree
authors: R
authors: Takhampunya
authors: Department of Entomology, US Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi, Phayathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand (ratawanu.fsn@afrims.org; Anthony.l.schuster.mil@mail.mil; Patrick.w.mccardle.mil@mail.mil; SiripornP.fsn@afrims.org, RatreeT.fsn@afrims.org; Silas.Davidson.mil@afrims.org).
authors: Silas A
authors: SA
authors: Davidson
authors: Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju-Si, Chungbuk Province, 28159, Republic of Korea (leewonja@gmail.com).
authors: Won-Ja
authors: WJ
authors: Lee
authors: Medical Department Activity-Korea (MEDDAC-K)/65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15281, Box 754, AP, 96205 (terry.a.klein2.civ@mail.mil).
authors: Terry A
authors: TA
authors: Klein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000469:parasitology*; D006801:Humans; D016780:Malaria, Vivax / Q000635:transmission*; D000072138:Mosquito Vectors / Q000469:parasitology*; D033661:Oocysts / Q000145:classification; D010966:Plasmodium vivax / Q000502:physiology; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000469:parasitology; D013045:Species Specificity; D034101:Sporozoites / Q000145:classification; D013785:Thailand
keywords: Anopheles mosquito; Republic of Korea; Vivax malaria; epidemiology