title: Prevalence and socio-economic distribution of eating, physical activity and sedentary behaviour among South Australian children in urban and rural communities: baseline findings from the OPAL evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify current prevalence and sociodemographic distribution of adherence to national diet and physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines among Australian primary school children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey of children (n = 4637, 9-11 years) participating at baseline in the South Australian Obesity Prevention and Lifestyle (OPAL) programme evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-reported diet, physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) behaviours were assessed via questionnaire. Children were classified as meeting or not meeting each guideline (two or more serves of fruit, five or more serves of vegetables, two or less serves of discretionary food, ≥60 min of PA, and ≤2 h of ST per day).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although 65% of children met fruit recommendations, only 22% met vegetable recommendations (17% consumed no vegetables). Approximately one-quarter (28%) of children met discretionary food recommendations. Only 17% of children met the ST recommendations and 33% met PA recommendations. Less than 1% of children met all five recommendations. Rural children were more likely to meet both PA (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.21-1.74, P < 0.001) and ST (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.14-1.66, P < 0.01) recommendations than urban counterparts. Children at least socio-economic disadvantage performed better than those at greatest disadvantage for most behaviours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improvement in Australian children's diet and physical activity and sedentary behaviours, particularly urban children and those at greatest socio-economic disadvantage, is urgently warranted.
authors: Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia. Electronic address: lucy.bell@flinders.edu.au.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Bell
authors: Flinders Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia. Electronic address: shahid@anzdata.org.au.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Ullah
authors: Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia. Electronic address: timothy.olds@unisa.edu.au.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Olds
authors: Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia. Electronic address: anthea.magarey@flinders.edu.au.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Magarey
authors: Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia. Electronic address: evie.leslie@flinders.edu.au.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Leslie
authors: OPAL (Obesity Prevention and Lifestyle), Public Health and Clinical Systems, SA Health, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia. Electronic address: michelle.jones2@sa.gov.au.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Jones
authors: Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia. Electronic address: michelle.miller@flinders.edu.au.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Miller
authors: Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia; CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. Electronic address: lynne.cobiac@csiro.au.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Cobiac
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015995:Prevalence; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013021:South Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: Activity; Behaviours; Child; Diet; Guidelines; Obesity