title: Translocation of mineralo-organic nanoparticles from blood to urine: a new mechanism for the formation of kidney stones?
abstract: Recent studies indicate that mineralo-organic nanoparticles form in various human body fluids, including blood and urine. These nanoparticles may form within renal tubules and increase in size in supersaturated urine, eventually leading to the formation of kidney stones. Here, we present observations suggesting that mineralo-organic nanoparticles found in blood may induce kidney stone formation via an alternative mechanism in which the particles translocate through endothelial and renal epithelial cells to reach urine. We propose that this alternative mechanism of kidney stone formation and the study of mineralo-organic nanoparticles in general may provide novel strategies for the early detection and treatment of ectopic calcifications and kidney stones.
authors: Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.|Center for Molecular & Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Martel
authors: Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.|Center for Molecular & Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.|Research Center of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
authors: Cheng-Yeu
authors: CY
authors: Wu
authors: Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.|Center for Molecular & Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.|Laboratory of Cellular Physiology & Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.|Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan.
authors: John D
authors: JD
authors: Young
mesh_terms: D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000097:blood* / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine*; D008903:Minerals / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals; D009930:Organic Chemicals
keywords: calcium granules; kidney stones; nanoparticle translocation