title: Ammonia stress under high environmental ammonia induces Hsp70 and Hsp90 in the mud eel, Monopterus cuchia.
abstract: The obligatory air-breathing mud eel (Monopterus cuchia) is frequently being challenged with high environmental ammonia (HEA) exposure in its natural habitats. The present study investigated the possible induction of heat shock protein 70 and 90 (hsp70, hsc70, hsp90α and hsp90β) genes and more expression of Hsp70 and Hsp90 proteins under ammonia stress in different tissues of the mud eel after exposure to HEA (50 mM NH4Cl) for 14 days. HEA resulted in significant accumulation of toxic ammonia in different body tissues and plasma, which was accompanied with the stimulation of oxidative stress in the mud eel as evidenced by more accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) during exposure to HEA. Further, hyper-ammonia stress led to significant increase in the levels of mRNA transcripts for inducible hsp70 and hsp90α genes and also their translated proteins in different tissues probably as a consequence of induction of hsp70 and hsp90α genes in the mud eel. However, hyper-ammonia stress was neither associated with any significant alterations in the levels of mRNA transcripts for constitutive hsc70 and hsp90β genes nor their translated proteins in any of the tissues studied. More abundance of Hsp70 and Hsp90α proteins might be one of the strategies adopted by the mud eel to defend itself from the ammonia-induced cellular damages under ammonia stress. Further, this is the first report of ammonia-induced induction of hsp70 and hsp90α genes under hyper-ammonia stress in any freshwater air-breathing teleost.
authors: Biochemical Adaptation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India.
authors: Hnunlalliani
authors: H
authors: Hangzo
authors: Biochemical Adaptation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India.
authors: Bodhisattwa
authors: B
authors: Banerjee
authors: Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, 201303, India.
authors: Shrabani
authors: S
authors: Saha
authors: Biochemical Adaptation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India. nsaha@nehu.ac.in.
authors: Nirmalendu
authors: N
authors: Saha
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D004524:Eels / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D000641:Ammonia; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
keywords: Ammonia toxicity; Heat shock protein 70; Heat shock protein 90; Hyper-ammonia stress; Monopterus cuchia; Oxidative stress