title: Cultural issues and other factors that affect self-management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) by Chinese immigrants in Australia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influence of cultural and other factors on diabetes self-management behaviors among Australian Chinese immigrants with T2D.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey was conducted between June and October 2015. The questionnaire comprised several validated scales examining aspects of self-management practice including medication adherence, acculturation and demographics. Participants were recruited from the community and Diabetes Center of the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (RPAH), Sydney, Australia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 139 participants, a majority were female, from mainland China, with high school level education and a mean age of 64 (SD±12) years. Participants were found to have poor self-management practices generally but moderate medication adherence. 13.7% of participants reported incorporating TCM into their diabetes treatment and 24% reported a cultural shame surrounding a diabetes diagnosis. Higher levels of acculturation predicted better medication adherence, whereas stronger beliefs in TCM predicted poorer medication adherence. Gender, education level and duration of diabetes were also predictors of diabetes self-management behaviors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provided insight into cultural influences on diabetes self-management and medication taking among Chinese immigrants in Australia. Health care providers should take these into account in delivering culturally sensitive care and advice to achieve better health outcomes.
authors: Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia. Electronic address: keeh2093@uni.sydney.edu.au.
authors: Kexin
authors: K
authors: Eh
authors: Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; The Diabetes Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Electronic address: margaret.mcgill@sydney.edu.au.
authors: Margaret
authors: M
authors: McGill
authors: The Diabetes Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Electronic address: Jencia.Wong@sswahs.nsw.gov.au.
authors: Jencia
authors: J
authors: Wong
authors: Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia. Electronic address: ines.krass@sydney.edu.au.
authors: Ines
authors: I
authors: Krass
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People; D001315:Australia; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000628:therapy*; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008875:Middle Aged; D012648:Self Care; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Acculturation; Chinese immigrants; Culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) populations; Diabetes self-management; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus