title: Changes in gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene expression after an increase in carbon monoxide concentration in the cavernous sinus of male wild boar and pig crossbread.
abstract: Previous studies indicate that there are at least a few regulatory systems involved in photoperiodic synchronisation of reproductive activity, which starts with the retina and ends at the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator. Recently we have shown indicated that the amount of carbon monoxide (CO) released from the eye into the ophthalmic venous blood depends on the intensity of sunlight. The aim of this study was to test whether changes in the concentration of carbon monoxide in the ophthalmic venous blood may modulate reproductive activity, as measured by changes in GnRH and GnRH receptor gene expression. The animal model used was mature male swine crossbred from wild boars and domestic sows (n = 48). We conducted in vivo experiments to determine the effect of increased CO concentrations in the cavernous sinus of the mammalian perihypophyseal vascular complex on gene expression of GnRH and GnRH receptors as well as serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. The experiments were performed during long photoperiod days near the summer solstice (second half of June) and short photoperiod days near the winter solstice (second half of December). These crossbred swine demonstrated a seasonally-dependent marked variation in GnRH and GnRH receptor gene expression and systemic LH levels in response to changes in CO concentration in ophthalmic venous blood. These results seem to confirm the hypothesis of humoral phototransduction as a mechanism for some of bright light's effects in animal chronobiology and the effect of CO on GnRH and GnRH receptor gene expression.
authors: Institute of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland. m_romer@interia.pl.|Centre of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Romerowicz-Misielak
authors: Institute of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland.|Centre of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Tabecka-Lonczynska
authors: Institute of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland.|Centre of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Koziol
authors: Department of Local Physiological Regulation, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Gilun
authors: Department of Local Physiological Regulation, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Stefanczyk-Krzymowska
authors: Departament of Neurosurgery, Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Och
authors: Institute of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland.|Centre of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Koziorowski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D002426:Cavernous Sinus / Q000378:metabolism*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D015870:Gene Expression; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000235:genetics*; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D017440:Photoperiod; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011966:Receptors, LHRH / Q000235:genetics*; D012621:Seasons; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011966:Receptors, LHRH; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone