title: Leydig cell tumor found incidentally during microscopic testicular sperm extraction in patient with mosaic Klinefelter syndrome: case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the finding and management of a case of Leydig cell tumor discovered during the infertility evaluation of a patient with mosaic Klinefelter syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single case report.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient seeking assistance with fertility after a diagnosis of mosaic Klinefelter syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient underwent microscopic testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) for sperm identification after the diagnosis of mosaic Klinefelter syndrome. Abnormal testicular tissue was identified during mTESE and histologically confirmed to be a Leydig cell tumor. The patient was informed of this incidental discovery and later underwent orchiectomy for conservative oncologic control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Histologic testicular assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient was found to have no viable sperm on mTESE, but achieved oncologic control with bilateral orchiectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presented case emphasizes the importance of awareness and expedient appropriate management to achieve oncologic control of a rare tumor with low malignant potential discovered during otherwise routine mTESE. In particular, it highlights the role of the infertility specialist in aiding in diagnosis and treatment of incidental and rare findings.
authors: Department of Urology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia. Electronic address: nms2vm@virginia.edu.
authors: Nathan M
authors: NM
authors: Shaw
authors: Department of Urology, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
authors: Craig
authors: C
authors: Stauffer
authors: Department of Urology, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
authors: Michael L
authors: ML
authors: Eisenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D033162:Incidental Findings; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007713:Klinefelter Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D007984:Leydig Cell Tumor / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D009030:Mosaicism; D009919:Orchiectomy; D053625:Sperm Retrieval; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000473:pathology; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Klinefelter syndrome; Leydig cell tumor; infertility; mTESE; urology