title: Carbon monoxide exposure among police officers working in a traffic dense region of Southern India.
abstract: Currently, in India, air pollution is widespread in urban areas where vehicles are major contributors. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of exposure in traffic police officers exposed to vehicle exhaust for less than 8 h/day. The specific objective of the study was to determine the levels of carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) in these officers. The effect of exposure for 8 h/day is known, but shorter durations of chronic exposure need to be investigated, and there is a need to explore the policy options in this exposed population. This cross-sectional study, included non-smoking traffic police officers between 30 and 50 years of age working for more than 2 years in busy traffic junctions. The cases were sex matched with controls of same age group, working in offices at a teaching hospital. Venous blood was collected at the end of 3 h of duty for estimation of COHb among both the groups. The COHb levels were expressed as percentage values. Differences between the COHb levels among the traffic police officers and office workers were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U test and considered significant at p < 0.05. Traffic police officers had significantly elevated COHb levels compared with the controls; 76.5% of traffic police officers had COHb >2.5% compared with no office workers at this level and 41.2% of the police officers had COHb levels >4%. Overall, 53.8% of officers with COHb >2.5% reported headaches compared with 15.8% of officers with COHb <2.5%.
authors: 1 Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, India.
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Nair
authors: 2 Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, India.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Nandini
authors: 3 Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, India.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Adappa
authors: 4 Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, India.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Mahabala
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D002263:Carboxyhemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016495:Police; D014505:Urban Population; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D002263:Carboxyhemoglobin
keywords: Vehicle exhaust; air pollution; carbon monoxide; carboxyhaemoglobin; traffic police officers