title: Anti-inflammatory diet and 10-year (2002-2012) cardiovascular disease incidence: The ATTICA study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present work was to evaluate the association between the inflammatory potential of the diet and the 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence in the ATTICA Study, and whether this is modified by the baseline presence or absence of metabolic syndrome (MetS).
  
  
  METHODS
  During 2001-2002, 3042 healthy adults (1514 men and 1528 women) living in the greater area of Athens were voluntarily recruited to the ATTICA study. In 2011-2012, the 10-year follow-up was performed in 2583 participants (15% of the participants were lost to follow-up). Incidence of fatal or non-fatal CVD event was recorded using WHO-ICD-10 criteria and MetS was defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment panel III (revised) definition. A proxy dietary anti-inflammatory index (D-AII) score computed using participants' diet records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 10-year fatal or non-fatal CVD event rate was 157 cases/1000 participants. After adjusting for several confounding factors, an anti-inflammatory diet, as expressed by higher DII scores, was borderline associated with 10-year CVD incidence (OR3rd tertile vs. 1st tertile=0.98, 95%CI: 0.96-1.01). This inverse association was also verified among participants without MetS at baseline (OR3rd tertile vs. 1st tertile=0.97, 95%CI: 0.94-0.99), but not among participants with the MetS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of the present work verified the protective effect of an anti-inflammatory diet towards the 10-year CVD incidence among participants without MetS. In contrast, the presence of MetS already at baseline seemed to impede this anti-inflammatory diet protective effect, which underlines the independent importance of MetS on CVD risk.
authors: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
authors: Ekavi N
authors: EN
authors: Georgousopoulou
authors: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
authors: Georgia-Maria
authors: GM
authors: Kouli
authors: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece. Electronic address: d.b.panagiotakos@usa.net.
authors: Demosthenes B
authors: DB
authors: Panagiotakos
authors: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
authors: Aikaterini
authors: A
authors: Kalogeropoulou
authors: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
authors: Adela
authors: A
authors: Zana
authors: First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece.
authors: Christina
authors: C
authors: Chrysohoou
authors: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
authors: Constantine
authors: C
authors: Tsigos
authors: First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece.
authors: Dimitrios
authors: D
authors: Tousoulis
authors: First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece.
authors: Christodoulos
authors: C
authors: Stefanadis
authors: First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece.
authors: Christos
authors: C
authors: Pitsavos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011897:Random Allocation; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators
keywords: Cardiovascular diseases; Diet; Inflammation; Metabolic syndrome X