title: Laser-Sintered Constructs with Bio-inspired Porosity and Surface Micro/Nano-Roughness Enhance Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation and Matrix Mineralization In Vitro.
abstract: Direct metal laser sintering can produce porous Ti-6Al-4V orthopedic and dental implants. The process requires reduced resources and time and can provide greater structural control than machine manufacturing. Implants in bone are colonized by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which can differentiate into osteoblasts and contribute to osseointegration. This study examined osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization of human MSCs cultured on laser-sintered Ti-6Al-4V constructs with varying porosity and at different time scales. 2D solid disks and low, medium and high porosity (LP, MP, and HP) 3D constructs based on a human trabecular bone template were laser sintered from Ti-6Al-4V powder and further processed to have micro- and nanoscale roughness. hMSCs exhibited greater osteoblastic differentiation and local factor production on all 3D porous constructs compared to 2D surfaces, which was sustained for 9 days without use of exogenous factors. hMSCs cultured for 8 weeks on MP constructs in osteogenic medium (OM), OM supplemented with BMP2 or collagen-coated MP constructs in OM exhibited bone-like extracellular matrix mineralization. Use of bio-inspired porosity for the 3D architecture of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs beyond surface roughness alone. This study suggests that a 3D architecture may enhance the osseointegration of orthopedic and dental implants in vivo.
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30313, USA.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University, Peking University Hospital Building A503, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China.
authors: Alice
authors: A
authors: Cheng
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA.
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Cohen
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30313, USA. bboyan@vcu.edu.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA. bboyan@vcu.edu.
authors: Barbara D
authors: BD
authors: Boyan
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA.|Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
authors: Zvi
authors: Z
authors: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D015921:Dental Implants; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D016062:Porosity; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: Additive manufacturing; Bone regeneration; Dental implants; Orthopedic implants; Stem cells