title: Subcortical grey matter alterations in cocaine dependent individuals with substance-induced psychosis compared to non-psychotic cocaine users.
abstract: After prolonged psychostimulant abuse, transient psychotic symptoms referred to as "substance-induced psychosis" (SIP) can develop - closely resembling symptoms observed in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The comparability in psychotic presentation between SIP and schizophrenias suggests that similar underlying neural deficits may contribute to the expression of psychosis across these disorders. To date, neuroanatomical characterization of grey matter structural alterations in SIP has been limited to methamphetamine associated psychosis, with no studies controlling for potential neurotoxic effects of the psychostimulant that precipitates psychosis. To investigate grey matter subcortical alterations in SIP, a voxel-based analysis of magnetic resonance images (MRI) was performed between a group of 74 cocaine dependent nonpsychotic individuals and a group of 29 individuals with cocaine-associated psychosis. The cocaine-associated psychosis group had significantly smaller volumes of the thalamus and left hippocampus, controlling for age, total brain volume, current methamphetamine dependence, and current marijuana dependence. No differences were present in bilateral caudate structures. The findings of reduced thalamic and hippocampal volumes agree with previous reports in the schizophrenia literature, suggesting alterations of these structures are not specific to schizophrenia, but may be common to multiple forms of psychosis.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada.
authors: Taylor S
authors: TS
authors: Willi
authors: Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 1M9, Canada.
authors: Donna J
authors: DJ
authors: Lang
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada.
authors: William G
authors: WG
authors: Honer
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada.
authors: Geoff N
authors: GN
authors: Smith
authors: Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby B.C. V5A 1S6, Canada.
authors: Allen E
authors: AE
authors: Thornton
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada.
authors: William J
authors: WJ
authors: Panenka
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada.
authors: Ric M
authors: RM
authors: Procyshyn
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada.
authors: Fidel
authors: F
authors: Vila-Rodriguez
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada.
authors: Wayne
authors: W
authors: Su
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada.
authors: A Talia
authors: AT
authors: Vertinsky
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada.
authors: Olga
authors: O
authors: Leonova
authors: Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 1M9, Canada.
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Rauscher
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada.
authors: G William
authors: GW
authors: MacEwan
authors: Department of Pharmacology, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada. Electronic address: al.barr@ubc.ca.
authors: Alasdair M
authors: AM
authors: Barr
mesh_terms: D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000523:psychology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011605:Psychoses, Substance-Induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology
keywords: Addiction; Hippocampus; MRI; Methamphetamine; Psychostimulant; Thalamus