title: Oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and homocysteine accumulation may beinvolved in ovarian cancer progression in both young and old patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Biochemical, environmental, and genetic factors such as oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and homocysteine (Hcy) accumulation in the blood are involved in the development and progression of ovarian cancer. This study measured some biomarkers closely linked to the progression of ovarian cancer and also found their correlates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients were diagnosed with ovarian cancer using pelvic examination, transvaginal ultrasound, and cancer antibody (CA-125) measurement. Total oxidative stress (TOS), DNA damage, Hcy, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS), and other biochemical parameters were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TOS and DNA damage were positively and significantly correlated between themselves and were involved in causation of tumors as reflected by significantly (P < 0.001) higher CA-125, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), creatinine, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in both young and old patients. Both were significantly correlated with Hcy, LDL-cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, CRP, MDA, and CA-125. However, they were negatively correlated with TAS. Thus, excessive inflammation and oxidative stress caused an increase in DNA damage and enhanced Hcy content, leading to development of ovarian cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests the use of antioxidants as drugs to reduce oxidative stress, DNA damage, and other causes of cancer development.
authors: Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors: Shazia Anwer
authors: SA
authors: Bukhari
authors: Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors: Kashaf
authors: K
authors: Zafar
authors: Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors: Muhammad
authors: M
authors: Rajoka
authors: College of Pharmacy, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors: Zubair
authors: Z
authors: İbrahim
authors: Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors: Sadia
authors: S
authors: Javed
authors: Punjab Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors: Rafshan
authors: R
authors: Sadiq
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants; D004249:DNA Damage; D005260:Female; D006710:Homocysteine; D006801:Humans; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms; D018384:Oxidative Stress
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D006710:Homocysteine
keywords: Antioxidants; C-reactive protein; CA-125; DNA damage; malondialdehyde; total antioxidant status; total oxidative stress