title: Understanding the Correlates of Face-to-Face and Cyberbullying Victimization Among U.S. Adolescents: A Social-Ecological Analysis.
abstract: Using a national sample of 7,533 U.S. adolescents in grades 6-10, this study compares the social-ecological correlates of face-to-face and cyberbullying victimization. Results indicate that younger age, male sex, hours spent on social media, family socioeconomic status (SES; individual context), parental monitoring (family context), positive feelings about school, and perceived peer support in school (school context) were negatively associated with both forms of victimization. European American race, Hispanic/Latino race (individual), and family satisfaction (family context) were all significantly associated with less face-to-face victimization only, and school pressure (school context) was significantly associated with more face-to-face bullying. Peer groups accepted by parents (family context) were related to less cyberbullying victimization, and calling/texting friends were related to more cyberbullying victimization. Research and practice implications are discussed.
authors: Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Jun Sung
authors: JS
authors: Hong
authors: Jungup
authors: J
authors: Lee
authors: Dorothy L
authors: DL
authors: Espelage
authors: Simon C
authors: SC
authors: Hunter
authors: Desmond Upton
authors: DU
authors: Patton
authors: Tyrone
authors: T
authors: Rivers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology*; D058445:Bullying / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D014481:United States; D014754:Violence / Q000517:prevention & control