title: Spectrum of epilepsy and electroencephalogram patterns in idic (15) syndrome.
abstract: Previous reports summarized the seizure types occurring in patients with idic(15) syndrome. To better define this issue, we retrospectively analyzed the evolution of electroencephalogram findings and seizures in 35 patients with confirmed idic(15). Epilepsy occurred in 28 patients (80%), with a median age of onset of 3 years 3 months. The initial seizures were infantile spasms associated with a hypsarrhythmic electroencephalogram (nine patients), focal/generalized tonic (seven patients), or atypical absences (eight patients). High doses of oral steroids were given in all nine children with infantile spasms, with remission of seizures and resolution of electroencephalogram abnormalities. Among them, three were seizure free at the time of evaluation, but six later developed Lennox-Gastaut syndrome or Lennox-Gastaut-like syndrome. The eight patients with atypical absences developed Lennox-Gastaut syndrome or Lennox-Gastaut-like syndrome. Epilepsy was well controlled in 32% of the patients; satisfactorily controlled (seizures reduced >75%) in 21.4%; partially controlled (seizures reduced <50%) in 10.7%; and uncontrolled in 32%. One patient was not taking any anti-epileptic drugs by his parents' choice. Fourteen percent were on monotherapy; whereas the other 82% were on polytherapy. Seizures stopped at a median age of 5 years 5 months. The interictal electroencephalogram showed slow/sharp waves, and/or biphasic spikes-polyspikes, spike/wave complexes, and an excess of fast activity mainly over the fronto-temporal areas. Epilepsy is a major clinical challenge in patients with idic(15), associated with a poor prognosis in 55%. Frontal lobe seizures are a novel finding. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors: Stella Maris Clinical Research Institute for Child and Adolescent Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy. agatino.battaglia@fsm.unipi.it.
authors: Agatino
authors: A
authors: Battaglia
authors: Mendel Laboratory IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Rome, Italy.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Bernardini
authors: Mendel Laboratory IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Rome, Italy.|Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
authors: Isabella
authors: I
authors: Torrente
authors: Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Novelli
authors: Stella Maris Clinical Research Institute for Child and Adolescent Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy.
authors: Gloria
authors: G
authors: Scarselli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D025063:Chromosome Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D002884:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 / Q000235:genetics; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D055028:Comparative Genomic Hybridization; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012640:Seizures / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D055815:Young Adult; D064569:alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor / Q000235:genetics; D055517:snRNP Core Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; C579167:Chrna7 protein, human; D064569:alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor; D055517:snRNP Core Proteins
keywords: Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; epilepsy; idic(15); infantile spasms; inv dup(15)