title: Beginnings of open-heart surgery in Gdansk - double role of the Pemco heart-lung machine and new facts about Dutch-Polish cooperation.
abstract: The first open-heart surgery in Gdansk took place in 1975. It was possible thanks to the gift of a Pemco extracorporeal circulation machine from the Netherlands to the Surgery Institute of the Medical Academy of Gdansk. The article presents additional, unpublished informations which enable a new interpretation of the previously known facts.
authors: Department of Ethics, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Paprocka-Lipińska
keywords: Pemco; history of medicine