title: Effect of Lump Size and Nodal Status on Prognosis in Invasive Breast Cancer: Experience from Rural India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Breast cancer is now the leading cause of cancer among Indian women. Usually large tumour size and axillary lymph node involvement are linked with adverse outcome and this notion forms the basis of screening programs i.e. early detection.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was carried out to analyse relationship between tumour size, lymph node status and there relation with outcome after treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients with cytology-proven invasive breast tumours were evaluated for size, clinical and pathologic characteristics of tumour, axillary lymph node status and outcome data recorded on sequential follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of all participated patients was 52.24±10 years. Most common tumour location was in the upper outer quadrant with mean size of primary tumour being 3.31±1.80cm. On pathology number of lymph nodes examined ranged from 10 to 24 and 72% of patients recorded presence of disease in axilla. Significant positive correlation (p<0.013; r(2)=0.026) between tumour size and axillary lymph node involvement on linear regression. Also an indicative correlation between size and grade of tumour and axillary lymph node status was found with survival from the disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study highlights that the size of the primary tumour and the number of positive lymph nodes have an inverse linear relationship with prognosis. Despite advances in diagnostic modalities, evolution of newer markers and genetic typing both size of tumour as T and axillary lymphadenopathy as N form an integral part of TNM staging and are of paramount importance for their role in treatment decisions and illustrate prognosis in patients with invasive breast cancer.
authors: Senior Resident, Department of Surgery, Maharishi Markendeshwar Medical College , Kumarhatti, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India .
authors: Monique
authors: M
authors: Garg
authors: Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, GGS Medical College , Faridkot, Punjab, India .
authors: Nitin
authors: N
authors: Nagpal
authors: Professor and Head, Department of Surgery, GGS Medical College , Faridkot, Punjab, India .
authors: Darshan Singh
authors: DS
authors: Sidhu
authors: Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, GGS Medical College , Faridkot, Punjab, India .
authors: Amandeep
authors: A
authors: Singh
keywords: Axillary lymph node involvement; Carcinoma breast; Tumour size