title: Pharmacokinetic model of florfenicol in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus): establishment of optimal dosage and administration in medicated feed.
abstract: The pharmacokinetics of florfenicol (FF) in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) was studied after single intravenous (10 mg kg-1) and oral (100 mg kg-1) administration. The plasma concentration-time data of florfenicol were described by an open one-compartment model. The elimination half-life (t1/2) was estimated to be 21.0 h, and the total body clearance, Cl, was determined as 0.028 L kg h-1. The apparent volume distribution (Vd) was calculated to be 0.86 L kg-1and the mean residence time (MRTiv) was 30.2 h. Following oral administration, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of 55.4 μg mL-1was reached at 12 h (Tmax). The absorption constant (ka) was 0.158 h-1. The bioavailability was estimated to be 57.1%. The low bioavailability observed at higher doses was explained by the saturation of the mechanisms of absorption. The drug absorption process was limited by its inherent low solubility, which limited the amount of available FF absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. Based on the pharmacokinetic data, an optimal dosing schedule for FF administration is hereby provided. Based on the minimum inhibitory concentration found for susceptible strains of Aeromonas salmonicida, oral FF administration of first, an initial dose of 30 mg FF kg-1, followed by 6 maintenance doses at 18 mg kg-1/daily could be effective against furunculosis in turbot.
authors: Centro Tecnológico Gallego de Acuicultura (CETGA), CP: 15960, Riveira (A Coruña), Spain.
authors: V-R
authors: VR
authors: de Ocenda
authors: Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Almeida-Prieto
authors: Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Luzardo-Álvarez
authors: Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Barja
authors: Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors: F J
authors: FJ
authors: Otero-Espinar
authors: Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Blanco-Méndez
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D000284:Administration, Oral; D048409:Aeromonas salmonicida / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D001682:Biological Availability; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005412:Flatfishes / Q000378:metabolism; D005667:Furunculosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D006207:Half-Life; D013839:Thiamphenicol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; C035534:florfenicol; D013839:Thiamphenicol
keywords: 
  Aeromonas salmonicida
  ; dosage regimen; florfenicol; pharmacokinetics; turbot