title: Development of Microemulsion Delivery System of Essential Oil from Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. Rhizome for Improvement of Stability and Anti-Inflammatory Activity.
abstract: The present study aims to investigate the major constituents of the essential oil from Zingiber cassumunar rhizome (EO) and to develop microemulsions with enhanced chemical stability and anti-inflammatory activity of EO. The major constituents of EO were terpinen-4-ol (40.5 ± 6.6%) and sabinene (17.4 ± 1.4%) as determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These compounds were responsible for the anti-inflammatory activities of EO. Sabinene and terpinen-4-ol significantly reduced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) expression by 47 ± 5 and 78 ± 8%, respectively (p < 0.001) and significantly reduced the interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion levels to 64 ± 4% (p < 0.05) and 50 ± 1% (p < 0.001), respectively. EO microemulsions, developed using the system of EO/Tween 20 and propylene glycol (2:1)/water, showed the internal droplet size in the range of 211.5 ± 63.3 to 366.7 ± 77.8 nm. Both EO and EO microemulsions were shown to be safe for human use since there was no apparent toxic effect on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Interestingly, EO microemulsion could significantly protect sabinene from the evaporation after heating-cooling stability test, which leads to a good stability and high efficacy. Moreover, EO microemulsions significantly enhanced the anti-inflammatory effect comparing to the native EO. Therefore, microemulsions were attractive delivery system for natural anti-inflammatory compounds since they could enhance both efficacy and stability of EO.
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. wantida.chaiyana@gmail.com.
authors: Wantida
authors: W
authors: Chaiyana
authors: Division of Clinical Microscopy, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
authors: Songyot
authors: S
authors: Anuchapreeda
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
authors: Pimporn
authors: P
authors: Leelapornpisid
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
authors: Rungsinee
authors: R
authors: Phongpradist
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, Austria.
authors: Helmut
authors: H
authors: Viernstein
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, Austria.
authors: Monika
authors: M
authors: Mueller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004355:Drug Stability; D004655:Emulsions; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D027343:Rhizome / Q000737:chemistry*; D030521:Zingiberaceae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004655:Emulsions; D009822:Oils, Volatile
keywords: Zingiber cassumunar; anti-inflammation; essential oil; microemulsion; stability