title: Serum levels of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) in drug-naive patients with generalized anxiety disorder.
abstract: Sex hormones, particularly estrogen, are suggested to play a role in the physiopathology of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Estrogen functions through the estrogen receptors alpha and beta and the recently discovered G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1). This study aimed, for the first time, to evaluate serum GPER1 levels in drug-naive patients with GAD. This study included 40 newly diagnosed drug-naive patients with GAD aged between 18 and 50 years and 40 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Medical histories were obtained, and physical examinations and laboratory tests were conducted; the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) was also used for all participants. Serum GPER1 levels were measured. The serum GPER1 level was significantly higher in the patients with GAD than in the controls. A positive significant correlation was observed between the GPER1 level and the HAM-A score. The receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 85.0%, 82.5%, 82.9%, and 84.6%, respectively, for the presence of anxiety when the serum GPER1 value was ≥0.14 (the area under the curve was 0.904.). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that GPER1 levels were associated with the anxiety levels of patients, and that the serum GPER1 level was a valuable predictor of the presence of anxiety independent of gender.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey. Electronic address: ebrukanmaz@gmail.com.
authors: Ebru
authors: E
authors: Fındıklı
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Afsin State Hospital, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.
authors: Mehmet Akif
authors: MA
authors: Camkurt
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.
authors: Mehmet Fatih
authors: MF
authors: Karaaslan
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.
authors: Ergul Belge
authors: EB
authors: Kurutas
authors: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.
authors: Hatice
authors: H
authors: Altun
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Bilim University, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors: Filiz
authors: F
authors: İzci
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey.
authors: Hüseyin Avni
authors: HA
authors: Fındıklı
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.
authors: Selçuk
authors: S
authors: Kardas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000097:blood*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000097:blood*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: C109584:GPER1 protein, human; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
keywords: Anxiety; Estrogen; GPER1; Receptor; Sex hormones