title: Protective Effects of Otophylloside N on Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Neuronal Injury In vitro and In vivo.
abstract: Approximately 30% of epileptic patients worldwide are medically unable to control their seizures. In addition, repeated epileptic seizures generally lead to neural damage. Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) is a clinical circulatory and respiratory stimulant that is experimentally used to mimic epileptic convulsion in epilepsy research. Here, we systematically explore the neuroprotective effects of a pure compound isolated from Cynanchum otophyllum Schneid (Qingyangshen), Otophylloside N (OtoN), against PTZ-induced neuronal injury. We used three models: in vitro primary cortical neurons, in vivo mice, and in vivo zebrafish. Our results revealed that OtoN treatment may attenuate PTZ-induced morphology changes, cell death, LDH efflux in embryonic neuronal cells of C57BL/6J mice, and convulsive behavior in zebrafish. Additionally, our Western blot and RT-PCR results demonstrated that OtoN may attenuate PTZ-induced apoptosis and neuronal activation in neuronal cells, mice, and zebrafish. OtoN may reduce PTZ-induced cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase and upregulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and decrease the expression level of c-Fos. This study is the first investigation of the neuroprotective effects of OtoN, which might be developed as a novel antiepileptic drug.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Macau, China.
authors: Feiya
authors: F
authors: Sheng
authors: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Macau, China.
authors: Mengting
authors: M
authors: Chen
authors: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Macau, China.
authors: Yuan
authors: Y
authors: Tan
authors: Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming, China.
authors: Cheng
authors: C
authors: Xiang
authors: Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming, China.
authors: Mi
authors: M
authors: Zhang
authors: Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming, China.
authors: Baocai
authors: B
authors: Li
authors: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Macau, China.
authors: Huanxing
authors: H
authors: Su
authors: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Macau, China.
authors: Chengwei
authors: C
authors: He
authors: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Macau, China.
authors: Jianbo
authors: J
authors: Wan
authors: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Macau, China.
authors: Peng
authors: P
authors: Li
keywords: Cynanchum otophyllum Schneid; apoptosis; epilepsy; neuroprotective effect; otophylloside N; pentylenetetrazol