title: The effect of conjugated linoleic acid supplements on oxidative and antioxidative status of dairy cows.
abstract: Dairy cows develop frequently negative energy balance around parturition and in early lactation, resulting in excessive mobilization of body fat and subsequently in increased risk of ketosis and other diseases. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplements are used in dairy cows mainly for their depressing effect on milk fat content, but are also proposed to have antioxidative properties. As negative energy balance is associated with oxidative stress, which is also assumed to contribute to disease development, the present study was conducted to examine effects of CLA on oxidative and antioxidative status of lactating dairy cows. German Holstein cows (primiparous n=13, multiparous n=32) were divided into 3 dietary treatment groups receiving 100g/d of control fat supplement, containing 87% stearic acid (CON; n=14), 50g/d of control fat supplement and 50g/d of CLA supplement (CLA 50; n=15), or 100g/d of CLA supplement (CLA 100; n=16). The CLA supplement was lipid-encapsulated and contained 12% of trans-10,cis-12 CLA and cis-9,trans-11 CLA each. Supplementation took place between d1 and 182 postpartum; d 182 until 252 postpartum served as a depletion period. Blood was sampled at d -21, 1, 21, 70, 105, 140, 182, 224, and 252 relative to calving. The antioxidative status was determined using the ferric-reducing ability of plasma, α-tocopherol, α-tocopherol-to-cholesterol mass ratio, and retinol. For determination of oxidative status concentrations of hydroperoxides, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), N'-formylkynurenine, and bityrosine were measured. Mixed models of fixed and random effects with repeated measures were used to evaluate period 1 (d -21 to 140) and 2 (d182-252) separately. Cows showed increased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation during the periparturient period in terms of increased serum concentrations of hydroperoxides and TBARS, which decreased throughout lactation. During period 1, the supplemented cows had lower TBARS concentrations, which was not detectable in period 2. The other determined parameters were not affected by CLA supplementation. The obtained results show that dietary CLA supplementation in the chosen dosage, formulation, and application period had a marginal antioxidative effect in terms of lipid peroxidation in lactating dairy cows.
authors: Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30173, Hannover, Germany. Electronic address: nina.hanschke@tiho-hannover.de.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Hanschke
authors: University of Life Sciences, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Kankofer
authors: Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30173, Hannover, Germany.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Ruda
authors: Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30173, Hannover, Germany.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Höltershinken
authors: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany.
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Meyer
authors: Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Frank
authors: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Dänicke
authors: Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30173, Hannover, Germany.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Rehage
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002417:Cattle; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000097:blood; D007737:Kynurenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D007774:Lactation; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D036801:Parturition / Q000187:drug effects; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000187:drug effects; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005227:Fatty Acids; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; C007772:N'-formylkynurenine; D014801:Vitamin A; D007737:Kynurenine; D002784:Cholesterol; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol
keywords: antioxidant; conjugated linoleic acid; dairy cow; oxidative stress