title: Comparing the calcium bioavailability from two types of nano-sized enriched milk using in-vivo assay.
abstract: Calcium bioavailability from two types of enriched (calcium citrate and calcium carbonate) milks homogenized to a nano-sized particle distribution has been studied among 48 female Sprauge-dawley rats. Skim milk powder was enriched with some essential nutrients (Inulin, DHA & EPA, vitamins B6, K1, and D3) as enhancers of calcium bioavailability according to recommended dietary allowances of the West European and North American. Ovariectomized and ovariectomized-osteoporosis rats were used as a menopause and menopause-osteoporosis model, respectively. Although, nano-sized enriched milk powders had the greatest calcium bioavailability among the groups, but bioavailability of nano-sized calcium carbonate-enriched-milk was significantly (P<0.05) better than nano-sized calcium citrate-enriched-milk. Moreover, the trends were similar for bone calcium, strength and morphology. Therefore, based on the current results the calcium carbonate nano-sized enriched milk could be an effective enriched milk powder in ovariectomized-osteoporosis and ovariectomized rats as a model of menopause-osteoporosis and menopause women.
authors: Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Electronic address: arezoo@ums.edu.my.
authors: Arezoo
authors: A
authors: Erfanian
authors: Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
authors: Babak
authors: B
authors: Rasti
authors: Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia.
authors: Yazid
authors: Y
authors: Manap
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D053758:Nanoparticles; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium
keywords: Calcium; Enrichment; Nano-particle; Prebiotic; Vitamin