title: Prenatal high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation has balanced effects on cord blood Th1 and Th2 responses.
abstract: Antenatal vitamin D3 (vitD3) supplementation significantly increases maternal and neonatal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) concentration, yet the effect of an improvement in maternal-fetal vitamin D status on the neonatal immune response is unclear.
  
  
  
  To assess the effect of prenatal vitD3 supplementation on cord blood T cell function, healthy pregnant Bangladeshi women (n = 160) were randomized to receive either oral 35,000 IU/week vitD3 or placebo from 26 to 29 weeks of gestation to delivery. In a subset of participants (n = 80), cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) were cultured, non-adherent lymphocytes were isolated to assess T cell cytokine responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and anti-CD3/anti-CD28 (iCD3/iCD28), measured by multiplex assay. In 12 participants, lymphocyte gene expression profiles were analyzed by PCR array.
  
  
  
  In supplemented group, increased concentrations of IL-10 (P < 0.000) and TNF-α (P = 0.05) with iCD3/iCD28 stimulation and IFN-γ (p = 0.05) with PHA stimulation were obtained compared to placebo group. No differences in the gene expression profile were noted between the two groups. However, PHA stimulation significantly induced the expression of genes encoding Th1 and Th2 cytokines and down-regulated a number of genes involved in T-cell development, proliferation and differentiation of B cells, signal transduction pathway, transcriptional regulation and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the vitamin D group (vitD group).
  
  
  
  Third-trimester high-dose vitD3 supplementation in healthy pregnant women had balanced effects on biomarkers of cord blood Th1 and Th2 responses.
  
  
  
  ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT01126528 ).
authors: Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
authors: Evana
authors: E
authors: Akhtar
authors: Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
authors: Akhirunnesa
authors: A
authors: Mily
authors: Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
authors: Ahsanul
authors: A
authors: Haq
authors: Maternal and Child Health Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
authors: Abdullah
authors: A
authors: Al-Mahmud
authors: Maternal and Child Health Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
authors: Shams
authors: S
authors: El-Arifeen
authors: International Center for Maternal and Newborn Health, Department of International Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
authors: Abdullah
authors: A
authors: Hel Baqui
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
authors: Daniel E
authors: DE
authors: Roth
authors: Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh. rubhana@icddrb.org.
authors: Rubhana
authors: R
authors: Raqib
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D016014:Linear Models; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000097:blood; D011247:Pregnancy; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C573415:IFNG protein, human; C508609:IL10 protein, human; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D002762:Cholecalciferol; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: Cord blood; Cytokines; Neonates; Pregnant women; T lymphocytes; Vitamin D3