title: The human microbiome in rheumatic autoimmune diseases: A comprehensive review.
abstract: The human microbiome consists of the total diversity of microbiota and their genes. High-throughput sequencing has allowed for inexpensive and rapid evaluation of taxonomic representation and functional capability of the microbiomes of human body sites. Autoimmune and inflammatory rheumatic diseases are characterized by dysbiosis of the microbiome. Microbiome dysbiosis can be influenced by host genetics and environmental factors. Dysbiosis is also associated with shifts in certain functional pathways. The goal of this article is to provide a current and comprehensive review of the unique characteristics of the microbiome of patients with autoimmune and inflammatory rheumatic diseases, measured using high-throughput sequencing. We also highlight the need for broader studies utilizing a longitudinal approach to better understand how the human microbiome contributes to disease susceptibility, and to characterize the role of the interaction between host genetics and microbial diversity in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, disease manifestations, and progression.
authors: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Coit
authors: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Electronic address: asawalha@umich.edu.
authors: Amr H
authors: AH
authors: Sawalha
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D064806:Dysbiosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D064307:Microbiota / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
keywords: Autoimmunity; Dysbiosis; Metagenomics; Microbiome; Rheumatic diseases; Rheumatology