title: Copper(II)-Graphitic Carbon Nitride Triggered Synergy: Improved ROS Generation and Reduced Glutathione Levels for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy.
abstract: Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) has been used as photosensitizer to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, its therapeutic efficiency was far from satisfactory. One of the major obstacles was the overexpression of glutathione (GSH) in cancer cells, which could diminish the amount of generated ROS before their arrival at the target site. Herein, we report that the integration of Cu(2+) and g-C3 N4 nanosheets (Cu(2+) -g-C3 N4 ) led to enhanced light-triggered ROS generation as well as the depletion of intracellular GSH levels. Consequently, the ROS generated under light irradiation could be consumed less by reduced GSH, and efficiency was improved. Importantly, redox-active species Cu(+) -g-C3 N4 could catalyze the reduction of molecular oxygen to the superoxide anion or hydrogen peroxide to the hydroxyl radical, both of which facilitated the generation of ROS. This synergy of improved ROS generation and GSH depletion could enhance the efficiency of PDT for cancer therapy.
authors: Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P.R. China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P.R. China.
authors: Enguo
authors: E
authors: Ju
authors: Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P.R. China.
authors: Kai
authors: K
authors: Dong
authors: Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P.R. China.
authors: Zhaowei
authors: Z
authors: Chen
authors: Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P.R. China.
authors: Zhen
authors: Z
authors: Liu
authors: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P.R. China.
authors: Chaoqun
authors: C
authors: Liu
authors: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P.R. China.
authors: Yanyan
authors: Y
authors: Huang
authors: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P.R. China.
authors: Zhenzhen
authors: Z
authors: Wang
authors: Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P.R. China.
authors: Fang
authors: F
authors: Pu
authors: Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P.R. China. jren@ciac.ac.cn.
authors: Jinsong
authors: J
authors: Ren
authors: Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P.R. China. xqu@ciac.ac.cn.
authors: Xiaogang
authors: X
authors: Qu
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D009570:Nitriles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011789:Quantum Theory; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D009570:Nitriles; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C011206:cyanogen; D006108:Graphite; D003300:Copper; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: glutathione; graphitic carbon nitride; photodynamic therapy; reactive oxygen species; synergetic effects