title: Integrated Monitoring of Mola mola Behaviour in Space and Time.
abstract: Over the last decade, ocean sunfish movements have been monitored worldwide using various satellite tracking methods. This study reports the near-real time monitoring of fine-scale (< 10 m) behaviour of sunfish. The study was conducted in southern Portugal in May 2014 and involved satellite tags and underwater and surface robotic vehicles to measure both the movements and the contextual environment of the fish. A total of four individuals were tracked using custom-made GPS satellite tags providing geolocation estimates of fine-scale resolution. These accurate positions further informed sunfish areas of restricted search (ARS), which were directly correlated to steep thermal frontal zones. Simultaneously, and for two different occasions, an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) video-recorded the path of the tracked fish and detected buoyant particles in the water column. Importantly, the densities of these particles were also directly correlated to steep thermal gradients. Thus, both sunfish foraging behaviour (ARS) and possibly prey densities, were found to be influenced by analogous environmental conditions. In addition, the dynamic structure of the water transited by the tracked individuals was described by a Lagrangian modelling approach. The model informed the distribution of zooplankton in the region, both horizontally and in the water column, and the resultant simulated densities positively correlated with sunfish ARS behaviour estimator (rs = 0.184, p<0.001). The model also revealed that tracked fish opportunistically displace with respect to subsurface current flow. Thus, we show how physical forcing and current structure provide a rationale for a predator's fine-scale behaviour observed over a two weeks in May 2014.
authors: CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.|Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, United Kingdom.
authors: Lara L
authors: LL
authors: Sousa
authors: Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering/Underwater Vehicles Laboratory, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPCT), Alfonso XIII, 52, E-30203, Cartagena, Spain.
authors: Francisco
authors: F
authors: López-Castejón
authors: Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering/Underwater Vehicles Laboratory, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPCT), Alfonso XIII, 52, E-30203, Cartagena, Spain.
authors: Javier
authors: J
authors: Gilabert
authors: Centre for Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
authors: Paulo
authors: P
authors: Relvas
authors: CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Couto
authors: CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.
authors: Nuno
authors: N
authors: Queiroz
authors: Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
authors: Renato
authors: R
authors: Caldas
authors: Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
authors: Paulo Sousa
authors: PS
authors: Dias
authors: Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
authors: Hugo
authors: H
authors: Dias
authors: Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
authors: Margarida
authors: M
authors: Faria
authors: Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
authors: Filipe
authors: F
authors: Ferreira
authors: Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
authors: António Sérgio
authors: AS
authors: Ferreira
authors: Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
authors: João
authors: J
authors: Fortuna
authors: Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
authors: Ricardo Joel
authors: RJ
authors: Gomes
authors: Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
authors: Bruno
authors: B
authors: Loureiro
authors: Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
authors: Ricardo
authors: R
authors: Martins
authors: Oceanscan-MST, Avenida Liberdade, Polo Mar UPTEC, 4450-718 Matosinhos, Portugal.
authors: Luis
authors: L
authors: Madureira
authors: Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
authors: Jorge
authors: J
authors: Neiva
authors: Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
authors: Marina
authors: M
authors: Oliveira
authors: Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
authors: João
authors: J
authors: Pereira
authors: Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
authors: José
authors: J
authors: Pinto
authors: Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
authors: Frederic
authors: F
authors: Py
authors: Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
authors: Hugo
authors: H
authors: Queirós
authors: Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Silva
authors: Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.|IIIT Delhi, New Delhi, 110020, India.
authors: P B
authors: PB
authors: Sujit
authors: Center for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems, Department of Engineering Cybernetics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gløshaugen, Trondheim, Norway.
authors: Artur
authors: A
authors: Zolich
authors: Center for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems, Department of Engineering Cybernetics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gløshaugen, Trondheim, Norway.
authors: Tor Arne
authors: TA
authors: Johansen
authors: Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
authors: João Borges
authors: JB
authors: de Sousa
authors: Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.|Center for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems, Department of Engineering Cybernetics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gløshaugen, Trondheim, Norway.
authors: Kanna
authors: K
authors: Rajan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D008386:Marine Biology / Q000379:methods*; D011174:Portugal; D058998:Remote Sensing Technology / Q000379:methods*; D012371:Robotics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D017215:Satellite Communications; D023721:Tetraodontiformes; D015048:Zooplankton