title: The Best of Both Worlds: The Benefits of Open-specialized and Closed-diverse Syndication Networks for New Ventures' Success.
abstract: Open networks give actors non-redundant information that is diverse, while closed networks offer redundant information that is easier to interpret. Integrating arguments about network structure and the similarity of actors' knowledge, we propose two types of network configurations that combine diversity and ease of interpretation. Closed-diverse networks offer diversity in actors' knowledge domains and shared third-party ties to help in interpreting that knowledge. In open-specialized networks, structural holes offer diversity, while shared interpretive schema and overlap between received information and actors' prior knowledge help in interpreting new information without the help of third parties. In contrast, actors in open-diverse networks suffer from information overload due to the lack of shared schema or overlapping prior knowledge for the interpretation of diverse information, and actors in closed-specialized networks suffer from overembeddedness because they cannot access diverse information. Using CrunchBase data on early-stage venture capital investments in the U.S. information technology sector, we test the effect of investors' social capital on the success of their portfolio ventures. We find that ventures have the highest chances of success if their syndicating investors have either open-specialized or closed-diverse networks. These effects are manifested beyond the direct effects of ventures' or investors' quality and are robust to controlling for the possibility that certain investors could have chosen more promising ventures at the time of first funding.
authors: Imperial College Business School, London.
authors: Anne L J
authors: AL
authors: Ter Wal
authors: TUM School of Management, Technische Universität München.
authors: Oliver
authors: O
authors: Alexy
authors: Universität Trier and Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR).
authors: Jörn
authors: J
authors: Block
authors: Frankfurt School of Finance & Management and TUM School of Management, Technische Universität München.
authors: Philipp G
authors: PG
authors: Sandner
keywords: actors’ knowledge similarity; brokerage; closure; information redundancy; network; network diversity; social capital; startups; structural holes; venture capital