title: The impact of angry rumination on anger-primed cognitive control.
abstract: Recent research suggests that angry rumination augments aggressive behavior by depleting self-control resources. Yet, few studies have been conducted to empirically support this proposal. In the present study, we therefore sought to investigate the effects of angry rumination, relative to distraction, on self-reported anger and a behavioral indicator of self-control.
  
  
  
  Seventy-two participants recalled and imagined an anger-inducing autobiographical memory and were instructed to engage in either angry rumination (n = 37) or distraction (n = 35). Following these emotion regulation instructions, participants performed an affective Go/NoGo task in order to assess behavioral self-control along with several questionnaires to assess anger related constructs.
  
  
  
  As expected, results revealed that angry rumination augmented anger, whereas anger decreased in the distraction condition. Contrary to predictions, we found no differences between both groups in performance on the affective Go/NoGo task.
  
  
  
  A potential limitation is we instructed our participants on how to regulate their emotions rather than letting angry rumination occur spontaneously.
  
  
  
  The findings indicate that whereas angry rumination results in heightened anger, it does not seem to result in lower self-control as measured with a behavioral task that requires cognitive control. More research is needed to test the boundary conditions regarding the role of self-control in understanding rumination-induced aggression.
authors: Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: lievaart@fsw.eur.nl.
authors: Marien
authors: M
authors: Lievaart
authors: Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Jorg
authors: J
authors: Huijding
authors: Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Frederik M
authors: FM
authors: van der Veen
authors: Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Antes Mental Health Care, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Johannes E
authors: JE
authors: Hovens
authors: Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Ingmar H A
authors: IH
authors: Franken
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000786:Anger / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D019959:Feeding and Eating Disorders of Childhood / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D010555:Personality Inventory; D064232:Visual Analog Scale; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anger; Angry rumination; Cognitive control; Distraction; Self-control