title: Effectiveness of Postoperative Epidural Analgesia for Thoracic and Abdominal Surgery in Siriraj Hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidural analgesia is the recommended analgesic technique in patients having surgery with moderate to severe postoperative pain. Inadequate pain control in patients receiving epidural analgesia frequently occurred in clinical practice but the number of the success rate or the failure rate have not been reported in our university hospital.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the prospective descriptive study is to examine various data related to and evaluate the effectiveness of the postoperative epidural analgesia in Siriraj Hospital, a university hospital in Thailand.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients scheduled to have elective thoracic or abdominal surgery under general anesthesia combined with epidural analgesia from December 2014 to October 2015 were enrolled in this study. Three hundred and sixty-four patients were finally analyzed. All data about demographics, surgery, epidural techniques, postoperative pain scores at rest and on movement, and postoperative complications were collected
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of patients having acceptable postoperative pain score at rest at all time period was 51.4%, (95% CI 46.3-56.5). Fifty patients (13.7%) in this group needed intravenous rescue medication for breakthrough pain. The incidence of severe postoperative pain at rest during running of epidural medication was 24.5% (95% CI 20.3-29.1). One hundred patients (27.5%) experienced postoperative nausea and vomiting; and 28 patients (7.7%) had episodes of hypotension. The incidences of accidental dural puncture and post-dural puncture headache were 1.36% and 0.8%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inadequate postoperative analgesia with epidural technique occurred in up to 50% of patients in this study in which the rescue pain medication was necessary. In-depth analysis to identify associated factors to improve the effectiveness of postoperative epidural analgesia should be further investigated.
authors: Mingkwan
authors: M
authors: Wongyingsinn
authors: Annisa
authors: A
authors: Anuwongjaroen
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019616:Thoracic Surgical Procedures