title: Fundamentals of Pharmacogenetics in Personalized, Precision Medicine.
abstract: This article introduces fundamental principles of pharmacogenetics as applied to personalized and precision medicine. Pharmacogenetics establishes relationships between pharmacology and genetics by connecting phenotypes and genotypes in predicting the response of therapeutics in individual patients. We describe differences between precision and personalized medicine and relate principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics to applications in laboratory medicine. We also review basic principles of pharmacogenetics, including its evolution, how it enables the practice of personalized therapeutics, and the role of the clinical laboratory. These fundamentals are a segue for understanding specific clinical applications of pharmacogenetics described in subsequent articles in this issue.
authors: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, MDR Building, Room 222, 511 South Floyd Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, HSC-A Building, Louisville, KY 40202, USA. Electronic address: roland.valdes@louisville.edu.
authors: Roland
authors: R
authors: Valdes
authors: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, MDR Building, Room 218, 511 South Floyd Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
authors: DeLu Tyler
authors: DT
authors: Yin
mesh_terms: D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007753:Laboratories; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D010599:Pharmacokinetics; D010641:Phenotype; D057285:Precision Medicine
keywords: Personalized medicine; Pharmacogenetics; Pharmacogenomics; Precision medicine