title: Predicting bee community responses to land-use changes: Effects of geographic and taxonomic biases.
abstract: Land-use change and intensification threaten bee populations worldwide, imperilling pollination services. Global models are needed to better characterise, project, and mitigate bees' responses to these human impacts. The available data are, however, geographically and taxonomically unrepresentative; most data are from North America and Western Europe, overrepresenting bumblebees and raising concerns that model results may not be generalizable to other regions and taxa. To assess whether the geographic and taxonomic biases of data could undermine effectiveness of models for conservation policy, we have collated from the published literature a global dataset of bee diversity at sites facing land-use change and intensification, and assess whether bee responses to these pressures vary across 11 regions (Western, Northern, Eastern and Southern Europe; North, Central and South America; Australia and New Zealand; South East Asia; Middle and Southern Africa) and between bumblebees and other bees. Our analyses highlight strong regionally-based responses of total abundance, species richness and Simpson's diversity to land use, caused by variation in the sensitivity of species and potentially in the nature of threats. These results suggest that global extrapolation of models based on geographically and taxonomically restricted data may underestimate the true uncertainty, increasing the risk of ecological surprises.
authors: Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Rd, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK.|Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK.
authors: Adriana
authors: A
authors: De Palma
authors: Nees Institute for Plant Biodiversity, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Abrahamczyk
authors: Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA (CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Quintral 1250, 8400 Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
authors: Marcelo A
authors: MA
authors: Aizen
authors: Institute for Sustainability Sciences, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Matthias
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authors: Albrecht
authors: Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama City, Republic of Panama.
authors: Yves
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authors: Basset
authors: Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
authors: Adam
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authors: Bates
authors: Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK.
authors: Robin J
authors: RJ
authors: Blake
authors: Science &Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada.
authors: Céline
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authors: Boutin
authors: Alterra, Part of Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA WageningenI, Netherlands.
authors: Rob
authors: R
authors: Bugter
authors: Sustainability Research Institute, University of East London, 4-6 University Way, Docklands, London E16 2RD, UK.
authors: Stuart
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authors: Connop
authors: Grupo de Ecología y Manejo de Artrópodos, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5. Tapachula, 30700 Chiapas, Mexico.
authors: Leopoldo
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authors: CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
authors: Saul A
authors: SA
authors: Cunningham
authors: British Trust for Ornithology (Scotland), Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
authors: Ben
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authors: Darvill
authors: Department of Landscape Ecology, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, Olshausenstrasse 75, 24118 Kiel, Germany.|Department of Biology, Nature Conservation, University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.|Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Tim
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authors: Applied Entomology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstr. 7/LFO, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Silvia
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authors: RSPB, Scottish Headquarters 2 Lochside View, Edinburgh Park, Edinburgh, EH12 9DH, UK.
authors: Nicola
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authors: Downing
authors: Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstr. 7, 76829 Landau, Germany.
authors: Martin H
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authors: Entling
authors: Conservation Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
authors: Nina
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authors: Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56100, Pisa, Universitá di Pisa, Italia.
authors: Antonio
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authors: Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
authors: Steven J
authors: SJ
authors: Fonte
authors: School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, BN19QG, UK.
authors: Robert
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authors: Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Community Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Straβe 4, 06120 Halle, Germany.
authors: Markus
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authors: Franzén
authors: School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, BN19QG, UK.
authors: Dave
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authors: Goulson
authors: Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
authors: Ingo
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authors: School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
authors: Mick E
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authors: Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA.
authors: Stephen D
authors: SD
authors: Hendrix
authors: Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
authors: Farina
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authors: Herrmann
authors: Agroscope, Institut for Sustainability Sciences, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Felix
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authors: Herzog
authors: Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
authors: Andrea
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authors: Holzschuh
authors: Justus-Liebig University, Department of Animal Ecology, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors: Birgit
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authors: Institut für Systematische und Evolutionäre Botanik, Switzerland.
authors: Michael
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authors: School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
authors: M E
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authors: Dept. for Ecology and Conservation of Fauna and Flora, Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Bundesamt für Naturschutz, BfN), Konstantinstrasse 110, D-53179 Bonn, Germany.
authors: Andreas
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authors: Kruess
authors: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 93143 Bondy Cedex, France.|Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Program, Latin American and Caribbean Region, Cali, Colombia.
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authors: INRA, UR 406 Abeilles et Environnement, CS 40509, F-84914 Avignon, France.
authors: Violette
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authors: Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Colombia.
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authors: University of California, Riverside Department of Entomology, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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authors: Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA (CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Quintral 1250, 8400 Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
authors: Carolina L
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authors: Morales
authors: Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
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authors: Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Colombia.
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authors: Alejandro
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authors: School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR47TJ, UK.
authors: Carlos A
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authors: Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden.
authors: Anna S
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authors: Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors: Eileen F
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authors: CREA-ABP, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di ricerca per l'agrobiologia e la pedologia, Via di Lanciola 12/A, I-50125 - Cascine del Riccio, Firenze, Italy.
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authors: Carolina
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authors: Quintero
authors: School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia.
authors: Romina
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authors: Rader
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada.
authors: Miriam H
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authors: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4123, USA.|Blandy Experimental Farm, 400 Blandy Farm Lane, Boyce, Virginia 22620, USA.
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authors: GEES (School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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authors: Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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authors: Tscharntke
authors: Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Rd, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK.|Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
authors: Jason M
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authors: Division Forest, Nature, and Landscape, Department of Earth &Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Hans A F
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authors: Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Mexico.
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authors: Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju-gun, Jellabuk-do, 55365, Korea.
authors: Hyung Joo
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authors: Yoon
authors: Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Rd, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK.|Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK.
authors: Andy
authors: A
authors: Purvis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D005843:Geography