title: Parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide regulate osteosarcoma cell functions: Focus on the extracellular matrix (Review).
abstract: Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary bone tumor of mesenchymal origin mostly affecting children and adolescents. The OS extracellular matrix (ECM) is extensively altered as compared to physiological bone tissue. Indeed, the main characteristic of the most common osteoblastic subtype of OS is non‑mineralized osteoid production. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a polypeptide hormone secreted by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands. The PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) may be comprised of 139, 141 or 173 amino acids and exhibits considerate N‑terminal amino acid sequence homology with PTH. The function of PTH/PTHrP is executed through the activation of the PTH receptor 1 (PTHR1) and respective downstream intracellular pathways which regulate skeletal development, bone turnover and mineral ion homeostasis. Both PTHR1 and its PTH/PTHrP ligands have been shown to be expressed in OS and to affect the functions of these tumor cells. This review aims to highlight the less well known aspects of PTH/PTHrP functions in the progression of OS by focusing on ECM-dependent signaling.
authors: Department of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece.
authors: Dragana
authors: D
authors: Nikitovic
authors: Department of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece.
authors: Rafaela-Maria
authors: RM
authors: Kavasi
authors: Department of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece.
authors: Aikaterini
authors: A
authors: Berdiaki
authors: Department of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, Unit of Bone and Soft Tissue Studies, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece.
authors: Dionysios J
authors: DJ
authors: Papachristou
authors: Department of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Tsiaoussis
authors: Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece.
authors: Demetrios A
authors: DA
authors: Spandidos
authors: Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece.
authors: Aristides M
authors: AM
authors: Tsatsakis
authors: Department of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece.
authors: George N
authors: GN
authors: Tzanakakis
mesh_terms: D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C470121:PTHLH protein, human; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein