title: Do phosphatase of regenerating liver-3, matrix metalloproteinases-2, matrix metalloproteinases-9, and epidermal growth factor receptor-1 predict response to therapy and survival in glioblastoma multiforme?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Poor survival of the glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has been attributed in part to the invasive nature of the lesion making complete surgical removal near impossible. Phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3), matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR-1) play a role in invasive nature of tumor cells.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to evaluate PRL-3, MMP-2, MMP-9, and EGFR-1 (markers) expression in cases to GBM and to correlate their expression with therapy response and survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  GBM cases (n = 62) underwent surgery followed by radiation (n = 34) and chemoradiation (n = 28). Using WHO Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria response to therapy was assessed at 3 months and cases followed up for survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of markers was assessed by immunohistochemistry as a percentage of positive tumor cells in hot spots.
  
  
  METHODS
  Kaplan-Meier, ANOVA, Chi-square test, univariate, and multivariate Cox-regression analysis was done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Response to therapy was evident in 54.8% cases of responders with the mean survival of 494.03 ± 201.13 days and 45.2% cases of non responders (278.32 ± 121.66 days) with P = 0.001. Mean survival for the patient's opted chemoradiation was 457.43 ± 222.48 days which was approximately 3 months greater than those who opted radiation alone (P = 0.029). We found PRL-3 overexpression was an independent, significant, poor prognostic factor for survival by multivariate analysis (P = 0.044). Cases negative for MMP's and EGFR showed increased survival, but the difference was insignificant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PRL-3 expression appears to be related to an adverse disease outcome.
authors: Department of Pathology, Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors: Priyanka
authors: P
authors: Soni
authors: Department of Pathology, Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors: Nuzhat
authors: N
authors: Husain
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors: Anil
authors: A
authors: Chandra
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors: Bal Krishan
authors: BK
authors: Ojha
authors: Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors: Madan Lal Brahma
authors: ML
authors: Bhatt
authors: Department of Radiology, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
authors: Rakesh Kumar
authors: RK
authors: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D011379:Prognosis; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000032:analysis*; D011878:Radiotherapy; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D066246:ErbB Receptors; C484730:PTP4A3 protein, human; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases