title: Depression and anxiety in dry eye disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: AimTo evaluate the association of dry eye disease (DED) with depression and anxiety.Patients and methodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that reported the prevalence, incidence and/or severity grading of depression and/or anxiety in DED patients and healthy controls. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, ClinicalTrials.gov, and World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform for relevant studies.ResultsTwenty-two eligible studies consisted of 2 980 026 patients were analyzed. DED was associated with an increased prevalence of depression (summary odds ratio (OR)=2.92, 95% CI: 2.13-4.01, P<0.00001) and anxiety (OR=2.80, 95% CI: 2.61-3.02, P<0.00001). The depression score (standardized mean difference (SMD)=0.81, 95% CI: 0.48-1.15, P<0.00001) and anxiety score (SMD=0.37, 95% CI: 0.10-0.64, P=0.007) were higher in DED patients than in controls. Subgroup analyses revealed that the prevalence and severity of depression are greatest in primary Sjogren's syndrome patients. No study reported the incidence.ConclusionDepression and anxiety are more prevalent in DED patients than in controls. Among patients with DED, those suffering from primary Sjogren's syndrome have higher prevalence and severity of depression.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.|Department of Ophthalmology, Tuen Mun Eye Center and Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
authors: K H
authors: KH
authors: Wan
authors: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.|Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital & Alice Ho Liu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
authors: L J
authors: LJ
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.|Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital & Alice Ho Liu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
authors: A L
authors: AL
authors: Young
mesh_terms: D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000523:psychology*; D058447:Eye Pain / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence