title: Grape Pomace, an Agricultural Byproduct Reducing Mycotoxin Absorption: In Vivo Assessment in Pig Using Urinary Biomarkers.
abstract: The efficacy of four agricultural byproducts (ABPs) and two commercial binders (CBs) to reduce the gastrointestinal absorption of a mixture of mycotoxins was tested in piglets using urinary mycotoxin biomarkers as indicator of the absorbed mycotoxins. Twenty-eight piglets were administered a bolus contaminated with the mycotoxin mixture containing or not ABP or CB. Twenty-four hour urine was collected and analyzed for mycotoxin biomarkers by using a multiantibody immunoaffinity-based LC-MS/MS method. Each bolus contained 769 μg of fumonisin B1 (FB1), 275 μg of deoxynivalenol (DON), 29 μg of zearalenone (ZEN), 6.5 μg of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and 6.6 μg of ochratoxin A (OTA) corresponding to 2.2, 0.8, 0.08, 0.02, and 0.02 μg/g in the daily diet, respectively. The percentage of ABP in each bolus was 50%, whereas for the two CBs the percentages were 5.2 and 17%, corresponding to 2.8, 0.3, and 0.9% in the daily diet, respectively. The reduction of mycotoxin absorption was up to 69 and 54% for ABPs and CBs, respectively. White grape pomace of Malvasia was the most effective material as it reduced significantly (p < 0.05) urinary mycotoxin biomarker of AFB1 (67%) and ZEN (69%), whereas reductions statistically not significant were observed for FB1 (57%), DON (40%), and OTA (27%). This study demonstrates that grape pomace reduces the gastrointestinal absorption of mycotoxins. This agricultural byproduct can be considered an alternative to commercial products and used in the feed industries as an effective, cheap, and natural binder for multiple mycotoxins.
authors: Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR) , Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy.
authors: Lucia
authors: L
authors: Gambacorta
authors: INRA, ENVT, INP-PURPAN, UPS, Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, Université de Toulouse , 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France.
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Pinton
authors: Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR) , Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy.
authors: Giuseppina
authors: G
authors: Avantaggiato
authors: INRA, ENVT, INP-PURPAN, UPS, Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, Université de Toulouse , 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France.
authors: Isabelle P
authors: IP
authors: Oswald
authors: Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR) , Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy.
authors: Michele
authors: M
authors: Solfrizzo
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism*; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D013552:Swine / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009183:Mycotoxins; D014866:Waste Products
keywords: agricultural byproducts; binders; biomarkers; grape pomace; mycotoxins; piglets; urine