title: Extraction and enrichment of natural pigments from solid samples using ionic liquids and chitosan nanoparticles.
abstract: A green and economical method for the extraction and preconcentration of natural pigments (curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin) was developed using ultrasound-assisted extraction combined with dispersive micro solid-phase extraction. In this work, Ionic liquids (ILs) were used for the pre-extraction of natural pigments. The pure chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) were then used as a sorbent for the microextraction mode. The method involves the use of ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Operating parameters influencing the performance of extraction steps such as type and concentration of ILs, concentration of CS NPs, type of elution solvent, agitation time and pH of sample-extracting solution were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, the proposed method exhibited a low detection limit in the range of 0.11-0.36ng/mL at S/N=3, and good linearities with coefficients of determination (R(2)) higher than 0.9990. The recoveries of turmeric samples were ranging from 90.45% to 105.04% for the three studied curcuminoids with SD of 3.27-6.58. The experimental results indicated that the ILs and CS NPs were the promising materials for the extraction and enrichment of target curcuminoids from complex solid samples.
authors: College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
authors: Jing-Jing
authors: JJ
authors: Xu
authors: Institute of Matetia Medica, Zhejiang Acdemy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China.
authors: Qin
authors: Q
authors: Li
authors: College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China. Electronic address: caojun91@163.com.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Cao
authors: School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
authors: Elisa
authors: E
authors: Warner
authors: Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
authors: Mingrui
authors: M
authors: An
authors: Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
authors: Zhijing
authors: Z
authors: Tan
authors: College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
authors: Shu-Ling
authors: SL
authors: Wang
authors: College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
authors: Li-Qing
authors: LQ
authors: Peng
authors: College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
authors: Xun-Gao
authors: XG
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D030024:Curcuma / Q000737:chemistry; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012250:Rheum / Q000737:chemistry; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D012996:Solutions; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D052578:Ionic Liquids; D010860:Pigments, Biological; D012996:Solutions; D012997:Solvents; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Chitosan nanoparticles; Curcuminoids; Dispersive micro solid-phase extraction; Ionic liquids; Quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry; Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatograph