title: Lipopolysaccharide induces SBD-1 expression via the P38 MAPK signaling pathway in ovine oviduct epithelial cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Beta defensins are secreted from ovine oviduct epithelial cells (OOECs) in response to microbial infection, and are potential alternatives to antibiotic agents in the treatment of microorganism infection, particularly given the abuse of antibiotic agents and the increasing number of drug-resistant bacteria. The aberrant expression of defensins may result in disorders involving organ and oviduct inflammation, such as salpingitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, we investigated the effects of LPS on the mRNA expression levels of sheep β-defensin-1 (SBD-1) in ovine oviduct epithelial cells. The OOECs in vitro culturing system were established and treated with different concentrations of LPS for indicated time. In addition, MAPK inhibitors and TLR4 antibodies were pretreated to investigate the potential mechanism which involves in LPS regulating SBD-1 expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LPS markedly upregulated SBD-1 expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Treatment with 100 ng/mL LPS resulted in the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK and P38 MAPK. Interestingly, the LPS stimulated SBD-1 expression was attenuated by pretreatment with the P38 MAPK inhibitors SB203580 and SB202190 but not the JNK inhibitor SP600125, while the ERK inhibitor PD98059 had a minor effect. Furthermore, treatment with a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) neutralizing antibody significantly decreased P38 MAPK phosphorylation and LPS induced SBD-1 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Together, these findings suggest that SBD-1 is upregulated by LPS via the TLR4 receptor, mainly through the P38 MAPK signaling pathway in ovine oviduct epithelial cells to protect the ovine oviduct epithelium from pathogen invasion.
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Huhhot, 010018, People's Republic of China.
authors: Qi
authors: Q
authors: Li
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Huhhot, 010018, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Huhhot, 010018, People's Republic of China.
authors: Fuxiang
authors: F
authors: Bao
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Huhhot, 010018, People's Republic of China.
authors: Dafu
authors: D
authors: Zhi
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Huhhot, 010018, People's Republic of China.
authors: Moning
authors: M
authors: Liu
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Huhhot, 010018, People's Republic of China.
authors: Qin
authors: Q
authors: Yan
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Huhhot, 010018, People's Republic of China.
authors: Xinxin
authors: X
authors: Zheng
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Huhhot, 010018, People's Republic of China.
authors: Lixin
authors: L
authors: Ren
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Huhhot, 010018, People's Republic of China.
authors: Shan
authors: S
authors: Cong
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Huhhot, 010018, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Huhhot, 010018, People's Republic of China. guifangcao@126.com.|Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Huhhot, 010018, People's Republic of China. guifangcao@126.com.
authors: Guifang
authors: G
authors: Cao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005187:Fallopian Tubes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012756:Sheep; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D023083:beta-Defensins / Q000235:genetics*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D023083:beta-Defensins; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: LPS; Ovine oviduct epithelial cells; P38 MAPK; SBD-1; TLR4