title: A Review of Radiation Protection Requirements and Dose Estimation for Staff and Patients in CT Fluoroscopy.
abstract: The combination of fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures with computed tomography (CTF) has become widespread around the world. The benefits of CTF include the ability to obtain a real-time visualization of the entire body, increased target accuracy and improved visualization of biopsy needles. Modern CTF units work with variable frame rates for image selection, and therefore the dose distributions for patients and staff can considerably vary, creating growing concern in terms of the occupational exposure of interventionists and the drawback of a higher exposure of the patient. A literature review of the latest CTF publications is summarized in this article. A wide range of CTF studies reveal different treatment methods used in clinical practice, and therefore the differences in the exposures between them; as well as in the radiation protection tools and dose monitoring. Further optimization of radiation protection methods, harmonization of exposure patterns as well as training and education of CTF staff on the basis of the information in the survey, are strongly recommended.
authors: Grupo de Proteção e Segurança Radiológica, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Pólo de Loures. Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Teles
authors: Slovak Medical University, Limbová 14, 83301 Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Nikodemová
authors: National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, NAMS Ukraine, Melnikova 53, Kiev 04050, Ukraine.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Bakhanova
authors: Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Becker
authors: Ruder Boškovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
authors: Ž
authors: Ž
authors: Kneževic
authors: Grupo de Proteção e Segurança Radiológica, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Pólo de Loures. Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal.|Laboratório de Proteção e Segurança Radiológica (LPSR), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Pólo de Loures. Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal.
authors: M F
authors: MF
authors: Pereira
authors: Medical Physics, Radiobiology and Radiation Protection Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Sarmento
mesh_terms: D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed