title: The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium tubal infections and their effects on the expression of IL-6 and leukaemia inhibitory factor in Fallopian tubes with and without an ectopic pregnancy.
abstract: This was a prospective case-control study that measured the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) by an IVD CE multiplex PCR kit in fresh Fallopian tubes (FT) obtained from 96 ectopic pregnancies (EP) and 61 controls in the midluteal phase of the cycle. We later measured the expression profile of IL-6, leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and their signalling molecules, in respect to the type and number of infections, by immunohistochemistry, ELISA and quantitative RT-PCR. The frequencies of CT, and MG mono- and co-infections were significantly higher in EP. IL-6, LIF, their receptors and intracellular mediators were significantly up-regulated at the gene and protein levels in positive compared with negative FTs within each group (P < 0.05). EP tubal samples with co-infections showed the highest significant expression of the candidate cytokines by all techniques (P < 0.05). CT and MG are frequent in EP and up-regulate the tubal expression of IL-6, LIF and their signalling molecules. Both cytokines could be involved in the tubal immune response against bacterial infections, as well as the pathogenesis of EP. Further studies are needed to explore the roles of IL-6 family in infection-induced tubal inflammation and EP.
authors: Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, KSA bassem.refaat@yahoo.co.uk.
authors: Bassem
authors: B
authors: Refaat
authors: Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, KSA.
authors: Ahmed Mohamed
authors: AM
authors: Ashshi
authors: Obstertics and Gynaecology Department, Maternity and Children Hospital, Al-Aziziyah, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, KSA.
authors: Sarah Abdullah
authors: SA
authors: Batwa
authors: Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, KSA.
authors: Jawwad
authors: J
authors: Ahmad
authors: Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, KSA.
authors: Shakir
authors: S
authors: Idris
authors: Obstertics and Gynaecology Department, Maternity and Children Hospital, Al-Aziziyah, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, KSA.
authors: Seham Yahia
authors: SY
authors: Kutbi
authors: Obstertics and Gynaecology Department, Maternity and Children Hospital, Al-Aziziyah, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, KSA.
authors: Faizah Ahmed
authors: FA
authors: Malibary
authors: Pathology Department, Clinical Laboratories, Maternity and Children Hospital, Ministry of Health, Makkah, KSA.
authors: Fadi Fayez
authors: FF
authors: Kamfar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis; D005187:Fallopian Tubes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D009175:Mycoplasma Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D045704:Mycoplasma genitalium; D011247:Pregnancy; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor
keywords: Ectopic pregnancy; Fallopian tube; interleukin-6; leukaemia inhibitory factor; upper genital tract infection