title: Dynamics of gyrification in the human cerebral cortex during development.
abstract: This study quantitatively characterized cortical gyrus folding over human neocortical development by calculating the gyrification index (GI) in 22 human fetal specimens from 16 to 40 weeks with magnetic resonance imaging data. GI values remained constant at approximately 1.0 until the fetal specimens reached 500 g body weight and 200 mm crown-rump length (CRL), respectively, and then increased in correlation with the body weight and CRL. The rostrocaudal GI distribution in the cerebral cortex revealed a correspondence of GI peaks with indentations of early-generated primary sulci at 21 weeks of gestation and more frequently increased GI values in the parieto-occipital region than in the fronto-temporal region at 31 and 40 weeks of gestation. These results provide a quantitative reference set for gyrification in normal human cortical development, which may help reveal the mechanism of neurodevelopmental disorders.
authors: Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Ririko
authors: R
authors: Yoshida
authors: Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Koichi
authors: K
authors: Ishizu
authors: Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.|Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Shigehito
authors: S
authors: Yamada
authors: Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Chigako
authors: C
authors: Uwabe
authors: Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Tomohisa
authors: T
authors: Okada
authors: Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Kaori
authors: K
authors: Togashi
authors: Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Tetsuya
authors: T
authors: Takakuwa
mesh_terms: D001835:Body Weight; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009024:Morphogenesis; D011247:Pregnancy
keywords: fetal cerebral hemisphere; gyrification index; magnetic resonance imaging; morphology; three-dimensional reconstruction