title: Voluntary exercise blocks Western diet-induced gene expression of the chemokines CXCL10 and CCL2 in the prefrontal cortex.
abstract: Obesity increases inflammation, both peripherally and centrally, and exercise can ameliorate some of the negative health outcomes associated with obesity. Within the brain, the effect of obesity on inflammation has been well characterized in the hypothalamus and hippocampus, but has been relatively understudied in other brain regions. The current study was designed to address two primary questions; (1) whether western diet (high fat/high sucrose) consumption would increase markers of inflammation in the prefrontal cortex and (2) whether concurrent voluntary wheel running would ameliorate any inflammation. Adult male mice were exposed to a western diet or a control diet for 8weeks. Concurrently, half the animals were given running wheels in their home cages, while half did not have access to wheels. At the conclusion of the study, prefrontal cortex was removed and expression of 18 proinflammatory genes was assayed. Expression of a number of proinflammatory molecules was upregulated by consumption of the western diet. For two chemokines, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), voluntary exercise blocked the increase in the expression of these genes. Cluster analysis confirmed that the majority of the tested genes were upregulated by western diet, and identified another small cluster of genes that were downregulated by either diet or exercise. These data identify a proinflammatory phenotype within the prefrontal cortex of mice fed a western diet, and indicate that chemokine induction can be blocked by voluntary exercise.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
authors: Jesse L
authors: JL
authors: Carlin
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, United States.
authors: Nicola
authors: N
authors: Grissom
authors: Departments of Neurosurgery, and Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors: Zhe
authors: Z
authors: Ying
authors: Departments of Neurosurgery, and Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors: Fernando
authors: F
authors: Gomez-Pinilla
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, United States. Electronic address: reyesta@ucmail.uc.edu.
authors: Teresa M
authors: TM
authors: Reyes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D066273:Diet, Western; D015870:Gene Expression; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009043:Motor Activity; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C491768:Ccl2 protein, mouse; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; C485433:Cxcl10 protein, mouse
keywords: Chemokine; Cytokine; Mouse; Prefrontal cortex; Reward; Voluntary exercise; Western diet