title: Modulatory effects of silibinin in various cell signaling pathways against liver disorders and cancer - A comprehensive review.
abstract: Silibinin, a natural flavanone, derived from the milk thistle plant (Silybum marianum), was illustrated for several medicinal uses such as liver-protective, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammation and many other. However, silibinin has poor absorbance and bioavailability due to low water solubility, thereby limiting its clinical applications and therapeutic efficiency. To overcome this problem, the combination of silibinin with phosphatidylcholine (PC) as a formulation was used to enhance the solubility and bioavailability. The results indicated that silibinin-PC taken orally markedly enhanced bioavailability and therapeutic efficiency. In addition, a deeper understanding of the signaling pathways modulated by silibinin is important to realize its potential in developing targeted therapies against liver disorders and cancer. Silibinin has been shown to inhibit many cell signaling pathways in preclinical models, demonstrating promising effects against liver disorders and cancer through in vitro and in vivo studies. This review summarizes the pharmacokinetic properties, bioavailability, safety data, clinical activities and modulatory effects of silibinin in different cell signaling pathways against liver disorders and cancer.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China.
authors: Navaneethakrishnan
authors: N
authors: Polachi
authors: State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China.
authors: Guirong
authors: G
authors: Bai
authors: State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors: Tingyang
authors: T
authors: Li
authors: State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Chu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China.
authors: Xiangyang
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China.
authors: Shuming
authors: S
authors: Li
authors: State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China.
authors: Ning
authors: N
authors: Gu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China.
authors: Jiang
authors: J
authors: Wu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China. Electronic address: Liwei_wzhy@163.com.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Li
authors: Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
authors: Yanjun
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China.
authors: Shuiping
authors: S
authors: Zhou
authors: State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China.
authors: He
authors: H
authors: Sun
authors: State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; The State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300193, China.
authors: Changxiao
authors: C
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D000077385:Silybin; D012838:Silymarin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D012838:Silymarin; D000077385:Silybin
keywords: Apoptosis; Cancer; Hepatoprotective; Milk thistle; Phosphatidyl choline; Silibinin