title: Prognostic factors of status epilepticus in adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Status epilepticus (SE) can lead to sequelae or even death. Identifying characteristics associated with poor outcome is crucial in guiding patient treatment. Based on our retrospective patient cohorts, potential prognostic factors were analysed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients consecutively treated for refractory convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) between 2001 and 2010 and non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) between 2004 and 2009 were studied. Outcome was compared to prognostic variables. Index SE episodes were used for the statistical analyses. Crosstabs and independent samples t-test were applied. Due to sample size, logistic regression was performed for the combined groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 50% (9/18) of index refractory CSE and 42% (16/38) of index NCSE episodes led to sequelae. Refractory CSE requiring narcosis for >20 hours was associated with poor outcome (p=0.05). De novo presentation (p=0.0001), long-lasting SE (>2 hours) (p=0.014), age >65 years (p=0.002), and refractory SE (p=0.047) were predictors of poor outcome following NCSE. Based on logistic regression for combined refractory CSE and NCSE, de novo presentation was identified as the strongest predictor of sequelae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Older age and de novo SE are predictors of sequelae following NCSE. Prolonged SE is a risk factor for poor outcome, both for refractory CSE and NCSE. Aggressive initial treatment to terminate seizures during the early phase is therefore essential.
authors: Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Department of Clinical Medicine, Section for Neurology, University of Bergen.
authors: Kjersti Nesheim
authors: KN
authors: Power
authors: Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
authors: Arne
authors: A
authors: Gramstad
authors: Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Department of Clinical Medicine, Section for Neurology, University of Bergen.
authors: Nils Erik
authors: NE
authors: Gilhus
authors: Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Department of Clinical Medicine, Section for Neurology, University of Bergen.
authors: Bernt A
authors: BA
authors: Engelsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: aetiology; epilepsy; outcome; prognostic factors; status epilepticus