title: Quality of life in stabilized patients with schizophrenia is mainly associated with resilience and self-esteem.
abstract: Improving quality of life (QoL) is an important objective in the treatment of schizophrenia. The aim of the current study was to examine to what extent resilience, self-esteem, hopelessness, and psychopathology are correlated with QoL.
  
  
  
  We recruited 52 out-patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to DSM-IV criteria and 77 healthy control subjects from the general community. In patients, psychopathology was quantified by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. The following scales were used in both patients and control subjects: the Berliner Lebensqualitätsprofil, the Resilience Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Beck Hopelessness Scale to assess QoL, resilience, self-esteem, and hopelessness respectively.
  
  
  
  Patients with schizophrenia presented with significantly less QoL, resilience, self-esteem, and hope compared to healthy control subjects. In patients, QoL correlated moderately with resilience, self-esteem, and hopelessness and weakly with symptoms. With respect to the latter, particularly depression and positive symptoms were negatively correlated with QoL.
  
  
  
  Our results highlight the complex nature of QoL in patients suffering from schizophrenia. They underscore that significant efforts are necessary to enhance resilience and self-esteem and to diminish hopelessness as well as affective and positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Wartelsteiner
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Mizuno
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Frajo-Apor
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Kemmler
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Pardeller
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Sondermann
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Welte
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors: W W
authors: WW
authors: Fleischhacker
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Uchida
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. a.hofer@i-med.ac.at.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Hofer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012649:Self Concept
keywords: hopelessness; quality of life; resilience; schizophrenia; self-esteem