title: Development of a screen-printed carbon electrode based disposable enzyme sensor strip for the measurement of glycated albumin.
abstract: Glycated proteins, such as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) or glycated albumin (GA) in the blood, are essential indicators of glycemic control for diabetes mellitus. Since GA, compared to HbA1c, is more sensitive to short term changes in glycemic levels, GA is expected to be used as an alternative or together with HbA1c as a surrogate marker indicator for glycemic control. In this paper we report the development of a sensing system for measuring GA by combining an enzyme analysis method, which is already used in clinical practice, with electrochemical principles. We used fructosyl amino acid oxidase, hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride as the electron mediator, and an inexpensive and economically attractive screen-printed carbon electrode. We used chronoamperometry to measure protease-digested GA samples. The developed sensor strips were able to measure protease-digested samples containing GA in very small sample volumes (1.3μL) within about 1min. We also prepared enzyme sensor strips suitable for clinical use in which the enzyme and the mediator were deposited and dried on. This sensor system showed a clear correlation between the GA concentration and the resulting current. The strips were stable following 3 months of storage at 37°C. We conclude that this disposable enzyme sensor strip system for measuring GA is suitable for point-of-care test (POCT) applications.
authors: Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588 Japan.
authors: Mika
authors: M
authors: Hatada
authors: Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588 Japan; Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588 Japan.
authors: Wakako
authors: W
authors: Tsugawa
authors: Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588 Japan.
authors: Eri
authors: E
authors: Kamio
authors: Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588 Japan.
authors: Noya
authors: N
authors: Loew
authors: Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588 Japan; Diabetes Research Institute, Mills-Peninsula Health Services, 100 South San Mateo Drive, San Mateo, CA, 94401 USA.
authors: David C
authors: DC
authors: Klonoff
authors: Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588 Japan; Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588 Japan. Electronic address: sode@cc.tuat.ac.jp.
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Sode
mesh_terms: D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases / Q000737:chemistry; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D004867:Equipment Design; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D011934:Reagent Strips / Q000032:analysis*; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis*; D000093423:Glycated Serum Albumin
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D011934:Reagent Strips; D012709:Serum Albumin; D002244:Carbon; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; C103012:amadoriase; D000093423:Glycated Serum Albumin
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Fructosyl amino acid oxidase; Glycated albumin; Hemoglobin A1c; Point-of-care testing; Screen-printed carbon electrode