title: Deacetylation biocatalysis and elicitation by immobilized Penicillium canescens in Astragalus membranaceus hairy root cultures: towards the enhanced and sustainable production of astragaloside IV.
abstract: A novel biotechnology approach by combining deacetylation biocatalysis with elicitation of immobilized Penicillium canescens (IPC) in Astragalus membranaceus hairy root cultures (AMHRCs) was proposed for the elevated production of astragaloside IV (AG IV). The highest AG IV accumulation was achieved in 36-day-old AMHRCs co-cultured with IPC for 60 h, which resulted in the enhanced production of AG IV by 14.59-fold in comparison with that in control (0.193 ± 0.007 mg/g DW). Meanwhile, AG IV precursors were almost transformed to AG IV by IPC deacetylation. Moreover, expression of genes involved in AG IV biosynthetic pathway was significantly up-regulated in response to IPC elicitation. Also, FTIR and SEM showed that cell wall lignification was enhanced following IPC treatment and root surface was likely to be IPC deacetylation site. Overall, dual roles of IPC (biocatalyst and elicitor) offered an effective and sustainable way for the mass production of AG IV in AMHRCs.
authors: Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.|Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Development and Utilization of Forest Resources, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
authors: Qing-Yan
authors: QY
authors: Gai
authors: Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.|Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Development and Utilization of Forest Resources, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
authors: Jiao
authors: J
authors: Jiao
authors: Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.|Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Development and Utilization of Forest Resources, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
authors: Meng
authors: M
authors: Luo
authors: Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.|Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Development and Utilization of Forest Resources, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Wang
authors: Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.|Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Development and Utilization of Forest Resources, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
authors: Li-Ping
authors: LP
authors: Yao
authors: Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.|Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Development and Utilization of Forest Resources, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
authors: Yu-Jie
authors: YJ
authors: Fu
mesh_terms: D027885:Astragalus propinquus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D055162:Biocatalysis; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D010407:Penicillium / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D012503:Saponins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012503:Saponins; D014315:Triterpenes; C052064:astragaloside A
keywords: 
  Penicillium canescens
  ; astragaloside IV; biocatalysis; elicitation; hairy root cultures