title: Attendance of cultural events and involvement with the arts-impact evaluation on health and well-being from a Swiss household panel survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although there is strong uptake of active or passive engagement with the cultural and creative activities as determinants of individual health, well-being and social participation, few population studies report any causal influence on self-reported and physical health or life satisfaction from voluntary engagement with the arts (playing an instrument or singing, painting, sculpture) or passive cultural participation (attending the cinema, theatre, opera and exhibitions). This study set out to investigate any potential derived benefits to the Swiss population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 2010 and 2013 waves of the Swiss Household Panel study were used for analysis. The data are representative for the Swiss population aged 14 years and older with respect to major demographic variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using longitudinal data, the strengths of the two approaches to evaluating causal inference were simultaneously applied: propensity score matching and difference-in-differences. Propensity score matching attempted to eliminate selection bias by conditioning on confounding variables. Difference-in-differences estimator was applied to remove unobserved fixed effects via intra-individual comparisons over time by comparing the trends in a matched treatment and control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study showed that voluntary cultural activity-of any type, passive or active-did not seem to have any causative influence on health and well-being. Results showed that long-term health and well-being did not improve significantly as a result of any specific activity in the cultural arena.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The investigation provided little evidence to justify health promotion messages for involvement with the arts. Nevertheless, these findings do not contest that active or passive participation in cultural- and arts-related activities may be beneficial to health and well-being when guided by qualified therapists to treat specific health-related problems.
authors: European Commission Joint Research Centre, Directorate Competences, Modelling, Indicators & Impact Evaluation Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. Electronic address: dorota.bialowolska@gmail.com.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Węziak-Białowolska
mesh_terms: D001154:Art; D003469:Culture; D059026:Diagnostic Self Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D058992:Social Participation; D013557:Switzerland
keywords: Causative relationship; Cultural participation and attendance; Engagement with the arts; Health; Longitudinal survey data; Well-being