title: Prioritization of pesticides based on daily dietary exposure potential as determined from the SHEDS model.
abstract: A major pathway for exposure to many pesticides is through diet. The objectives were to rank pesticides by comparing their calculated daily dietary exposure as determined by EPA's Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulation (SHEDS) to single pesticides for different age groups to acceptable daily intakes (ADI), characterize pesticide trends in exposures over different time periods, and determine commodities contributing to pesticide exposures. SHEDS was applied, using Pesticide Data Program (PDP) (1991-2011) and pesticide usage data on crops from USDA combined with NHANES dietary consumption data, to generate exposure estimates by age group. ADI data collected from EPA, WHO, and other sources were used to rank pesticides based on relativeness of the dietary exposure potential to ADI by age groups. Sensitivity analysis provided trends in pesticide exposures. Within SHEDS, commodities contributing the majority of pesticides with greatest exposure potential were determined. The results indicated that the highest ranking pesticides were methamidophos and diazinon which exceeded 100% of the ADI. Sensitivity analysis indicated that exposure to methamidophos, diazinon, malathion, ethion and formetanate hydrochloride had a marked decrease from 1991-1999 to 2000-2011. Contributions analysis indicated that apples, mushroom, carrots, and lettuce contributed to diazinon exposure. Beans and pepper contributed to methamidophos exposure.
authors: National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA. Electronic address: Melnyk.lisa@epa.gov.
authors: Lisa Jo
authors: LJ
authors: Melnyk
authors: National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Department of Mathematics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
authors: Zhaohui
authors: Z
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Mathematics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
authors: Zhilin
authors: Z
authors: Li
authors: National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. Electronic address: xue.jianping@epa.gov.
authors: Jianping
authors: J
authors: Xue
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010575:Pesticides / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis* / Q000145:classification; D013269:Stochastic Processes; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides
keywords: ADI; Dietary exposure; Pesticides; Risk ranking