title: The effect of foot reflexology and back massage on hemodialysis patients' fatigue and sleep quality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of foot reflexology and back massage on optimizing the sleep quality and reducing the fatigue of hemodialysis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study includes 105 volunteer patients who were registered at a private dialysis clinic and were receiving hemodialysis treatment. Foot reflexology and back massage were administered to the patients two times a week for four weeks. The Visual Analogue Scale for Fatigue and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index were used to collect data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The differences between the pretest and posttest score averages of the patients on the Visual Analogue Scale for Fatigue and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index were statistically significant (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Foot reflexology and back massage were shown to improve the sleep quality and reduce the fatigue of hemodialysis patients. Compared to back massage, foot reflexology was determined to be more effective.
authors: Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, School of Health, Osmaniye, Turkey. Electronic address: Kevser-Sevgi@hotmail.com.
authors: Kevser Sevgi
authors: KS
authors: Unal
authors: Atatürk University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erzurum, Turkey. Electronic address: reva@atauni.edu.tr.
authors: Reva
authors: R
authors: Balci Akpinar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001415:Back; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008405:Massage; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012890:Sleep; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Back massage; Fatigue; Foot reflexology; Hemodialysis; Nursing; Sleep quality