title: Dynamic modelling of a forward osmosis-nanofiltration integrated process for treating hazardous wastewater.
abstract: Dynamic modelling and simulation of a nanofiltration-forward osmosis integrated complete system was done along with economic evaluation to pave the way for scale up of such a system for treating hazardous pharmaceutical wastes. The system operated in a closed loop not only protects surface water from the onslaught of hazardous industrial wastewater but also saves on cost of fresh water by turning wastewater recyclable at affordable price. The success of dynamic modelling in capturing the relevant transport phenomena is well reflected in high overall correlation coefficient value (R2> 0.98), low relative error (<0.1) and Willmott d-index (<0.95). The system could remove more than 97.5 % chemical oxygen demand (COD) from real pharmaceutical wastewater having initial COD value as high as 3500 mg/L while ensuring operation of the forward osmosis loop at a reasonably high flux of 56-58 l per square meter per hour.
authors: Environment and Membrane Technology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, 713209, India. parimalpal2000@yahoo.com.
authors: Parimal
authors: P
authors: Pal
authors: Environment and Membrane Technology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, 713209, India.
authors: Pallabi
authors: P
authors: Das
authors: Environment and Membrane Technology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, 713209, India.
authors: Sankha
authors: S
authors: Chakrabortty
authors: Environment and Membrane Technology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, 713209, India.
authors: Ritwik
authors: R
authors: Thakura
mesh_terms: D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D006256:Hazardous Waste; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009995:Osmosis; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D062065:Wastewater; D014867:Water; D018508:Water Purification / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D006256:Hazardous Waste; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D062065:Wastewater; D014867:Water
keywords: Dynamic modelling; Economic analysis; Forward osmosis; Hazardous wastewater; Nanofiltration; System integration