title: The Use of Antihypertensive Medication and the Risk of Breast Cancer in a Case-Control Study in a Spanish Population: The MCC-Spain Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The evidence on the relationship between breast cancer and different types of antihypertensive drugs taken for at least 5 years is limited and inconsistent. Furthermore, the debate has recently been fueled again with new data reporting an increased risk of breast cancer among women with a long history of use of antihypertensive drugs compared with nonusers.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this case-control study, we report the antihypertensive drugs-breast cancer relationship in 1,736 breast cancer cases and 1,895 healthy controls; results are reported stratifying by the women's characteristics (i.e., menopausal status or body mass index category) tumor characteristics and length of use of antihypertensive drugs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The relationship among breast cancer and use of calcium channel blockers (CCB) for 5 or more years had odds ratio (OR) = 1.77 (95% CI, 0.99 to 3.17). Stratifying by BMI, the OR increased significantly in the group with BMI ≥ 25 (OR 2.54, 95% CI, 1.24 to 5.22). CCBs were even more strongly associated with more aggressive tumors, (OR for invasive tumors = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.09 to 3.53; OR for non ductal cancers = 3.97, 95% CI = 1.73 to 9.05; OR for Erbb2+ cancer = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.20 to 7.32). On the other hand, premenopausal women were the only group in which angiotensin II receptor blockers may be associated with breast cancer (OR = 4.27, 95% CI = 1.32 to 13.84) but this could not be identified with any type or stage. Use of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, beta blockers and diuretics were not associated with risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this large population-based study we found that long term use of calcium channel blockers is associated with some subtypes of breast cancer (and with breast cancer in overweight women).
authors: CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
authors: Inés
authors: I
authors: Gómez-Acebo
authors: CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
authors: Trinidad
authors: T
authors: Dierssen-Sotos
authors: University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
authors: Camilo
authors: C
authors: Palazuelos
authors: CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.|Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM), Madrid, Spain.
authors: Beatriz
authors: B
authors: Pérez-Gómez
authors: CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.|Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM), Madrid, Spain.
authors: Virginia
authors: V
authors: Lope
authors: Servei d'Oncologia Mèdica, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.|Cancer Research Program IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.|Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Ignasi
authors: I
authors: Tusquets
authors: CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, and University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: M Henar
authors: MH
authors: Alonso
authors: CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, and University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Victor
authors: V
authors: Moreno
authors: CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Biodonostia Research Institute, Guipuzkoa, Spain.
authors: Pilar
authors: P
authors: Amiano
authors: Área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de León, León, España.|Grupo de Investigación en Interacciones Gen-Ambiente y Salud (GIIGAS), Universidad de León, León, España.
authors: Antonio José
authors: AJ
authors: Molina de la Torre
authors: Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain.|Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Pamplona, Spain.
authors: Aurelio
authors: A
authors: Barricarte
authors: CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|IUOPA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
authors: Adonina
authors: A
authors: Tardon
authors: Hospital Juan Ramon Jimenez, Andalusian Health Service, Huelva, España.|Research Center for Health and the Environment (CYSMA), Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, España.
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Camacho
authors: CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Area de Cáncer y Salud Pública, Fundación FISABIO- Salud Pública, Valencia, Spain.
authors: Rosana
authors: R
authors: Peiro-Perez
authors: Epidemiology Unit and Girona Cancer Registry, Oncology Coordination Plan, Department of Health, Autonomous Government of Catalonia and Descriptive Epidemiology, Genetics and Cancer Prevention Group [Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi)], Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.
authors: Rafael
authors: R
authors: Marcos-Gragera
authors: Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Montse
authors: M
authors: Muñoz
authors: Onkologikoa- Oncology Institute Gipuzkoa, Guipuzkoa, Spain.
authors: Maria Jesus
authors: MJ
authors: Michelena-Echeveste
authors: Pharmacy Service, Complex assistive university Leon, Leon, Spain.
authors: Luis
authors: L
authors: Ortega Valin
authors: CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Grupo de Investigación en Interacciones Gen-Ambiente y Salud (GIIGAS), Universidad de León, León, España.|Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
authors: Marcela
authors: M
authors: Guevara
authors: CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.|Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.|IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Gemma
authors: G
authors: Castaño-Vinyals
authors: CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.|Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM), Madrid, Spain.
authors: Nuria
authors: N
authors: Aragonés
authors: CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.|Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Manolis
authors: M
authors: Kogevinas
authors: CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.|Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM), Madrid, Spain.
authors: Marina
authors: M
authors: Pollán
authors: CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
authors: Javier
authors: J
authors: Llorca
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004232:Diuretics; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human