title: Postoperative Pain Management and the Risk Factors in Major Operation: A Baseline Study of Acute Pain Service, Siriraj Hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute pain service (APS) has been set up at Siriraj Hospital with the aim of providing postoperative pain management for patients receiving anesthetic pain control and other complicated cases undergoing major operations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify the incidence of moderate to severe postoperative pain and its risk factors. To describe the techniques used and adverse effects in patients under APS care.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study in 340 surgical patients under APS care from January to September 2008 was performed. Data were obtained from medical records and patients' answers during 48 hours postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidences of postoperative pain scores 4-10 at 24 and 48 hours were 28.8% and 7.4%, with median pain intensity (0-10, [interquartile range]) of 2.5 [1.0-4.0] and 1.0 [0.0-2.0], respectively. The risk factors related to pain score 4-10 included analgesic intake for > 2 consecutive weeks prior to operation, type of surgery with severe degree of pain and age 65 years (odds ratios [95% CI] of 7.12 [1.92, 26.44], 6.17 [1.37, 27.77], and 1.87 [1.07, 3.29], respectively). Of the patients, 67.9% received epidural block for postoperative analgesia. The incidences of nausea/vomiting and itching that needed treatment were 12.4% and 9.4%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Risk factors that should be concerned were age ≤ 65 years, pre-operative prolonged analgesic use and surgeries with expected severe degree of pain.
authors: Vimolluck
authors: V
authors: Sanansilp
authors: Sukanya
authors: S
authors: Dejarkom
authors: Sittiporn
authors: S
authors: Deetayart
mesh_terms: D059787:Acute Pain; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018710:Pain Clinics; D059408:Pain Management; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult