title: The sooner the better: innate immunity as a path toward the HIV cure.
abstract: To combat the diverse pathogens that infect humans, the immune system has evolved complex and diverse transcriptional signatures, which drive differential cellular and humoral responses. These signatures are induced by immune receptor sensing of pathogens and by cytokines produced at the earliest onset of infection. The specific nature of immune activation is as critical to pathogen clearance as the induction of an adaptive immune response. This is particularly true for HIV, which has developed numerous immune evasion mechanisms. In this review, we will highlight recent findings that show the differential role for early innate immune responses in promoting infection versus clearance and demonstrate the need for continued research on these pathways for development of effective HIV treatments.
authors: Case Western Reserve University, Department of Pathology, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors: Jeffrey
authors: J
authors: Tomalka
authors: Case Western Reserve University, Department of Pathology, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors: Khader
authors: K
authors: Ghneim
authors: Case Western Reserve University, Department of Pathology, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors: Sanghamitra
authors: S
authors: Bhattacharyya
authors: Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Malika
authors: M
authors: Aid
authors: Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Dan H
authors: DH
authors: Barouch
authors: Case Western Reserve University, Department of Pathology, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors: Rafick Pierre
authors: RP
authors: Sekaly
authors: Case Western Reserve University, Department of Pathology, Cleveland, OH, USA. Electronic address: sxp663@case.edu.
authors: Susan Pereira
authors: SP
authors: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000276:immunology*; D007372:Interferons / Q000276:immunology*; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D058847:Inflammasomes; D007372:Interferons