title: Effects of yuja peel extract and its flavanones on osteopenia in ovariectomized rats and osteoblast differentiation.
abstract: Yuja (Citrus junos Tanaka) possesses various health benefits, but its effects on bone health are unknown. In this study, the preventative effects of yuja peel ethanol extract (YPEE) on osteopenia were determined in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and the mechanisms by which YPEE and its flavanones regulate osteoblastogenesis were examined in vitro.
  
  
  
  The effects of YPEE on osteoblastogenesis were investigated in MC3T3-E1 cells. YPEE promoted alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization, and the expression of osteoblast differentiation marker genes, such as ALP, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and osteocalcin. YPEE and its flavanones promoted osteoblast differentiation via BMP-2-mediated p38 and the Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway. YPEE supplementation significantly decreased body weight and increased uterine weight and bone mineral density in OVX rats. Based on a micro-CT analysis of femurs, YPEE significantly attenuated osteopenia and increased trabecular volume fraction, trabecular separation, and trabecular number (p < 0.05).
  
  
  
  Dietary YPEE has a protective effect on OVX-induced osteopenia. YPEE and its flavanones promote osteoblastogenesis via the activation of the BMP/p38/Smad/Runx2 pathways. These results extend our knowledge of the beneficial effects of YPEE and provide a basis for the development of novel therapies for osteoporosis.
authors: Research Group of Nutrition and Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors: Eun Joo
authors: EJ
authors: Jeon
authors: Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.|Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors: Da-Hye
authors: DH
authors: Lee
authors: Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.|Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yang-Ji
authors: YJ
authors: Kim
authors: Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.|Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jiyun
authors: J
authors: Ahn
authors: Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors: Min Jung
authors: MJ
authors: Kim
authors: Research Group of Nutrition and Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.|Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jin-Taek
authors: JT
authors: Hwang
authors: Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.|Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jinyoung
authors: J
authors: Hur
authors: Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors: Mina
authors: M
authors: Kim
authors: Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors: Young-Jin
authors: YJ
authors: Jang
authors: Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.|Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors: Tae-Youl
authors: TY
authors: Ha
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
authors: Dong-Hyun
authors: DH
authors: Seo
authors: Department of Analysis Support, Gyeonggi Institute of Science & Technology Promotion, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jong Suk
authors: JS
authors: Lee
authors: Research Group of Nutrition and Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.|Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors: Mi Jeong
authors: MJ
authors: Sung
authors: Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.|Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors: Chang Hwa
authors: CH
authors: Jung
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D044950:Flavanones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051896:Smad Proteins, Receptor-Regulated / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D044950:Flavanones; D010936:Plant Extracts; C493717:Runx2 protein, rat; D051896:Smad Proteins, Receptor-Regulated; D015675:Osteocalcin; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: Flavanones; Osteoblastogenesis; Osteopenia; Ovariectomized; Yuja (Citrus junos Tanaka)