title: Diabetes mellitus and drug abuse during pregnancy and the risk for orofacial clefts and related abnormalities.
abstract: to assessed the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and drug abuse in mothers of children with orofacial clefts (OFC).
  
  
  
  325 women who had children (0-3y) with clefts were interviewed. Data regarding type of diabetes, use of legal/illegal drugs during pregnancy, waist girth and fasting blood sugar at the first prenatal consult were collected.
  
  
  
  twenty seven percent of the women had DM, out of these, 89% had gestational DM, 5,5% type 1 DM and 5,5% type 2 DM. The prevalence of DM in mothers of children with OFC was 27%, it is significantly higher than the average Brazilian population which is 7.6% (p<0.01) (OR=4.5, 95%CI=3.5-5.8). Regarding drug abuse during pregnancy, 32% of the mothers used drugs and a significant positive correlation was observed between drug abuse and the occurrence of clefts and other craniofacial anomalies (p=0.028) (OR=2.87; 95%CI=1.1-7.4).
  
  
  
  DM and drug abuse during pregnancy increases the risk for OFC and related anomalies and early diagnosis of DM and prevention of drug abuse, especially in pregnant women, should be emphasized.
authors: PhD, Associate Professor, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors: Ivy Kiemle
authors: IK
authors: Trindade-Suedam
authors: RN, Hospital de Messejana Dr. José Alberto Studart Gomes, Secretaria de Municipal de Saúde de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Doctoral student, Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors: Lília Maria von
authors: LM
authors: Kostrisch
authors: Clinical Professor, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
authors: Luiz André Freire
authors: LA
authors: Pimenta
authors: PhD.
authors: Carlos Antônio
authors: CA
authors: Negrato
authors: PhD, Assistant Professor, Universidade Sagrado Coração, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors: Solange Braga
authors: SB
authors: Franzolin
authors: PhD, Full Professor, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors: Alceu Sergio
authors: AS
authors: Trindade
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000150:complications*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D055815:Young Adult