title: Spectrum of Renal and Urinary Tract Diseases in Kashmiri Children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Definite paucity of data pertaining to spectrum of renal and urinary tract diseases in our state and in various parts of India forms the basis of this study. Available data has emphasized more on specific clinical syndromes and chronic renal diseases rather than over all spectrums of renal and urinary tract diseases, that too in adult population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study a retrospective analysis, forms one of the basic data of paediatric nephrology and urology related disorders in our state.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of the case records of all the hospitalized patients with renal and urinary tract diseases between 2012 and 2013 were performed. Case records were analysed and categorized into various groups like; Urinary Tract Infections (UTI), Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN), Nephrotic Syndrome (NS), haematuria, Polycystic Kidney Disease (PCKD), Posterior Urethral Valve (PUV), Vesicoureteric Reflux (VUR), Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Congenital Anomalies of Kidney and Urinary Iract (CAKUT) and others. These groups were divided into subgroups to get more insight about the pattern of these diseases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 28114 patients hospitalized between 2012 and 2013 years, 447 (232 males and 215 females) patients were diagnosed of renal and urinary tract diseases which forms 1.58% the total admitted patients. Among these patients 32.9% (147/447) were diagnosed Acute Kidney Injury (AKI); 24.1% (108/447): Urinary Tract Infection (UTI); 9.6% (43/447): Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN); 5.6% (25/447): bilateral hydronephrosis with UTI; 4.47% (20/447): nephrotic syndrome (NS); 3.5% (16/447): haematuria; and 4% (18/447) were having CAKUT (Congenital Anomalies Of Kidney And Urinary Tract). In addition to this there were 17 cases of Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA), 3 cases of Barter syndrome and one case of Liddle syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A substantial number of children are hospitalized with renal and urinary tract diseases with delayed ages of presentation, which at times have suffered irreversible renal damage that could have been prevented or treated if diagnosed earlier. Our study indicates that majority of these renal and urinary tract diseases are preventable and treatable. Henceforth, there is a need to develop a comprehensive service for the children with renal and urinary tract diseases in Jammu & Kashmir (J&K) India.
authors: Lecturer Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, GB Pant Hospital Government Medical College , Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India .
authors: Mohd
authors: M
authors: Ashraf
authors: Assistant Professor, Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, GB Pant Hospital Government Medical College , Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India .
authors: Virender
authors: V
authors: Kumar
authors: Senior Resident, Department of Surgery, Govt. Medical College , Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India .
authors: Rifat Ara
authors: RA
authors: Bano
authors: Professor Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, GB Pant Hospital Government Medical College , Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India .
authors: Khursheed Ahmed
authors: KA
authors: Wani
authors: Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, SKIMS Soura, Jammu and Kashmir, India .
authors: Javed
authors: J
authors: Ahmed
authors: Professor and Head, Department of Pediatrics, GB Pant Hospital Government Medical College , Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India .
authors: Kaisar
authors: K
authors: Ahmed
keywords: Jammu and Kashmir; Paediatric nephrology; Renal data