title: Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of extracellular vesicles.
abstract: During the past two decades, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as important mediators of intercellular communication, enabling the functional transfer of bioactive molecules from one cell to another. Consequently, it is becoming increasingly clear that these vesicles are involved in many (patho)physiological processes, providing opportunities for therapeutic applications. Moreover, it is known that the molecular composition of EVs reflects the physiological status of the producing cell and tissue, rationalizing their exploitation as biomarkers in various diseases. In this review the composition, biogenesis and diversity of EVs is discussed in a therapeutic and diagnostic context. We describe emerging therapeutic applications, including the use of EVs as drug delivery vehicles and as cell-free vaccines, and reflect on future challenges for clinical translation. Finally, we discuss the use of EVs as a biomarker source and highlight recent studies and clinical successes.
authors: Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors: Stephan
authors: S
authors: Stremersch
authors: Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors: Stefaan C
authors: SC
authors: De Smedt
authors: Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: koen.raemdonck@ugent.be.
authors: Koen
authors: K
authors: Raemdonck
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D000067128:Extracellular Vesicles; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Biomarker; Diagnostics; Drug delivery; Exosomes; Extracellular vesicles; Vaccination