title: Distal biceps tendon history, updates, and controversies: from the closed American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons meeting-2015.
abstract: Understanding of the distal biceps anatomy, mechanics, and biology during the last 75 years has greatly improved the physician's ability to advise and to treat patients with ruptured distal tendons. The goal of this paper is to review the past and current advances on complete distal biceps ruptures as well as controversies and future directions that were discussed and debated during the closed American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons meeting in 2015.
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address: schmidtc@upmc.edu.
authors: Christopher C
authors: CC
authors: Schmidt
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors: Felix H
authors: FH
authors: Savoie
authors: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors: Scott P
authors: SP
authors: Steinmann
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Hausman
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
authors: Ilya
authors: I
authors: Voloshin
authors: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors: Bernard F
authors: BF
authors: Morrey
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors: Dean G
authors: DG
authors: Sotereanos
authors: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors: Emily H
authors: EH
authors: Bero
authors: Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors: Brandon T
authors: BT
authors: Brown
mesh_terms: D057929:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Elbow / Q000266:history*; D000072228:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Shoulder / Q000266:history*; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000601:surgery; D000070633:Hamstring Muscles / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000266:history; D012955:Societies, Medical; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000601:surgery; D014481:United States
keywords: History distal biceps tendon; anatomic biceps repair; anatomy distal biceps; anterior approach; biceps tendon augmentation; endoscopically assisted repairs; high-flexion biceps repair; posterior approach