title: Minor neurological dysfunction in five year old very preterm children is associated with lower processing speed.
abstract: Minor neurological dysfunction (MND) is present in one quarter to one third of children born very preterm (VP). The more severe form, complex (c)-MND has been associated with learning disabilities, behavioural and motor problems.
  
  
  
  To study the association between c-MND and neurocognitive and motor disabilities at age five in VP children without CP.
  
  
  
  Ninety-four children born with gestational age<30weeks and/or a birth weight<1000g were assessed at five years corrected age. MND was classified according to Touwen. The Wechsler Preschool and Primary School Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-III-NL) was used to measure intelligence. Simple reaction time, focused attention and visuomotor coordination were measured using the Amsterdam Neuropsychological Tasks, and working memory using a Digit Span Task. For motor skills the Movement Assessment Battery for children (M-ABC2) was used.
  
  
  
  Eighty-one percent was classified as 'normal' (no or simple (s-)-MND) and 19% as 'abnormal'(c-MND or mild CP). The abnormal group had a significantly lower processing speed quotient (PSQ), M-ABC percentile score and slower simple Reaction Time than the normal group. Verbal IQ, Performance IQ, working memory, focused attention and visuomotor coordination did not differ between groups. Exclusion of the mild CP cases (n=4) led to similar results.
  
  
  
  Five year old VP children with c-MND have lower PSQ, slower reaction time, and poorer motor skills, than those without c-MND. Neurological examination should include identification of MND to help identify children at risk for neurocognitive disabilities.
authors: Department of Neonatology, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, Postbox 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: tkurpershoek@gmail.com.
authors: Tinka
authors: T
authors: Kurpershoek
authors: Psychosocial Department, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, Postbox 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Eva S
authors: ES
authors: Potharst-Sirag
authors: Psychosocial Department, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, Postbox 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Cornelieke S H
authors: CS
authors: Aarnoudse-Moens
authors: Department of Neonatology, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, Postbox 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Aleid G
authors: AG
authors: van Wassenaer-Leemhuis
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000254:growth & development*; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight / Q000254:growth & development*; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D065886:Neurodevelopmental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011930:Reaction Time
keywords: Cognition; Intelligence quotient; Minor neurological dysfunction; Prematurity; Processing speed; Reaction time