title: Rutin-loaded chitosan microspheres: Characterization and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity.
abstract: Rutin was microencapsulated in a chitosan matrix using the spray-drying technique and the resulting system was investigated. High amounts of rutin were efficiently entrapped within polymeric microspheres, and these microparticles were characterized by a smooth surface and afforded a controlled release of the active compound. The anti-inflammatory activity of rutin-loaded microspheres was investigated in in vitro models of NCTC 2544 and C-28 cells treated with LPS by determining the levels of IL-1β and IL-6. The rutin-loaded microspheres showed an increase of in vitro anti-inflammatory activity with respect to the free active compound. Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated that massive intracellular uptake of the chitosan microspheres took place after a few hours of incubation and that the drug was localized in the cytosol compartment of the treated cells. The improved anti-inflammatory activity of the rutin-loaded microspheres was further confirmed by an in vivo model of carrageenan-induced paw edema.
authors: Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale S. Venuta, Germaneto, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy; IRC-FSH-Interregional Research Center for Food Safety & Health, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Building of BioSciences, V.le Europa, Germaneto, I-88100 Catanzaro (CZ), Italy.
authors: Donato
authors: D
authors: Cosco
authors: Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale S. Venuta, Germaneto, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
authors: Paola
authors: P
authors: Failla
authors: Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale S. Venuta, Germaneto, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
authors: Nicola
authors: N
authors: Costa
authors: Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale S. Venuta, Germaneto, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
authors: Salvatore
authors: S
authors: Pullano
authors: Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale S. Venuta, Germaneto, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
authors: Antonino
authors: A
authors: Fiorillo
authors: Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale S. Venuta, Germaneto, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy; IRC-FSH-Interregional Research Center for Food Safety & Health, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Building of BioSciences, V.le Europa, Germaneto, I-88100 Catanzaro (CZ), Italy.
authors: Vincenzo
authors: V
authors: Mollace
authors: Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale S. Venuta, Germaneto, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy; IRC-FSH-Interregional Research Center for Food Safety & Health, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Building of BioSciences, V.le Europa, Germaneto, I-88100 Catanzaro (CZ), Italy.
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Fresta
authors: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale S. Venuta, Germaneto, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy; IRC-FSH-Interregional Research Center for Food Safety & Health, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Building of BioSciences, V.le Europa, Germaneto, I-88100 Catanzaro (CZ), Italy. Electronic address: paolino@unicz.it.
authors: Donatella
authors: D
authors: Paolino
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008863:Microspheres; D012431:Rutin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; C508585:IL1B protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012431:Rutin; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Chitosan; Confocal laser scanning microscopy; Inflammation; Microspheres; Rutin; Spray-drying