title: Comparison of different light sources for trapping Culicoides biting midges, mosquitoes and other dipterans.
abstract: The response of Culicoides biting midges, mosquitoes and other dipterans to different wavelengths was evaluated in a farm meadow in northern Spain. A total of 9449 specimens of 23 species of Culicoides, 5495 other ceratopogonids (non-biting midges), 602 culicids and 12428 other mixed dipterans were captured. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) suction light traps fitted with five light emitting diodes (LEDs) (white, green, red, blue, ultraviolet) were run for 15 consecutive nights. Significantly more Culicoides were collected in those traps fitted with green, blue or ultraviolet (UV) lights than in red and white-baited LED traps for the most abundant species captured: C. punctatus (37.5%), C. cataneii (26.5%) and C. obsoletus/C. scoticus (20.4%). Similar results were obtained for non-Culicoides ceratopogonids, mosquitoes and other mixed dipterans. Wavelengths in green (570nm) resulted effective for targeting some Culicoides species, culicids and other midges. In a second trial, the effectiveness of 4-W white and UV tubes was compared to traps fitted with UV LED and a standard incandescent light bulb. More specimens of all taxa were collected with fluorescent black light (UV) traps than with the other light sources, except culicids, which were recovered in high numbers from fluorescent white light traps.
authors: Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom. Electronic address: mikel_alexander86@hotmail.com.
authors: Mikel
authors: M
authors: González
authors: Universidad Agroforestal Fernando Arturo de Meriño, Jarabacoa 41000, Dominican Republic.
authors: Pedro María
authors: PM
authors: Alarcón-Elbal
authors: Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Tapachula. Carr. Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5, Tapachula, Chiapas 30700, Mexico.
authors: Javier
authors: J
authors: Valle-Mora
authors: Université Catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Center, Croix du Sud, 4-5, L7.07.04, b-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. Electronic address: arturogoldarazena@gmail.com.
authors: Arturo
authors: A
authors: Goldarazena
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002519:Ceratopogonidae / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D003116:Color; D009033:Culicidae / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004175:Diptera / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008027:Light; D008029:Lighting / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013030:Spain
keywords: Ceratopogonidae; Culicidae; Culicoides; Diptera; Fluorescent traps; LED traps