title: Is Axonal Degeneration a Key Early Event in Parkinson's Disease?
abstract: Recent research suggests that in Parkinson's disease the long, thin and unmyelinated axons of dopaminergic neurons degenerate early in the disease process. We organized a workshop entitled 'Axonal Pathology in Parkinson's disease', on March 23rd, 2016, in Cleveland, Ohio with the goals of summarizing the state-of-the-art and defining key gaps in knowledge. A group of eight research leaders discussed new developments in clinical pathology, functional imaging, animal models, and mechanisms of degeneration including neuroinflammation, autophagy and axonal transport deficits. While the workshop focused on PD, comparisons were made to other neurological conditions where axonal degeneration is well recognized.
authors: Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.|Renovo Neural Inc., Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors: Zuzanna
authors: Z
authors: Kurowska
authors: Research Center for Brain Repair, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.|Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
authors: Jeffrey H
authors: JH
authors: Kordower
authors: Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, Division of Neurology and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health, BC, Canada.
authors: A Jon
authors: AJ
authors: Stoessl
authors: Departments of Neurology and Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA.
authors: Robert E
authors: RE
authors: Burke
authors: Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
authors: Patrik
authors: P
authors: Brundin
authors: Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
authors: Zhenyu
authors: Z
authors: Yue
authors: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
authors: Scott T
authors: ST
authors: Brady
authors: Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
authors: Jeffrey
authors: J
authors: Milbrandt
authors: Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.|Renovo Neural Inc., Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors: Bruce D
authors: BD
authors: Trapp
authors: The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY, USA.
authors: Todd B
authors: TB
authors: Sherer
authors: Renovo Neural Inc., Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors: Satish
authors: S
authors: Medicetty
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000473:pathology*; D003226:Congresses as Topic; D059290:Dopaminergic Neurons / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Parkinson disease; animal disease models; autophagy; axonal transport; axons; dopaminergic neurons; retrograde degeneration; review; substantia nigra pars compacta; synapses