title: Primary Pancreatic Secretinoma: Further Evidence Supporting Secretin as a Diarrheogenic Hormone.
abstract: To document the existence of primary pancreatic secretinoma in patients with watery diarrhea syndrome (WDS) and achlorhydria and establish secretin as a diarrheogenic hormone.
  
  
  
  Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has been widely accepted as the main mediator of WDS. However, in 1968, Zollinger et al reported 2 female patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, WDS, and achlorhydria. During surgery on the first, a 24-year-old patient, they noticed distended duodenum filled with fluid and a dilated gallbladder containing dilute bile with high bicarbonate concentration. After excision of the tumor, WDS ceased and gastric acid secretion returned. The second, a 47-year-old, patient's metastatic tumor extract given intravenously in dogs, produced significantly increased pancreatic and biliary fluid rich in bicarbonate. They suggested a secretin-like hormone of islet cell origin explains WDS and achlorhydria. These observations, however, predated radioimmunoassay, immunohistochemical staining, and other molecular studies.
  
  
  
  The first patient's tumor tissue was investigated for secretin and VIP. Using both immunohistochemistry and laser microdissection and pressure catapulting technique for RNA isolation and subsequent reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, the expression levels of secretin, and VIP were measured.
  
  
  
  Immunoreactive secretin and its mRNA were predominantly found in the tumor tissue whereas VIP and its mRNA were scarce.
  
  
  
  The findings strongly support that the WDS and achlorhydria in this patient may have been caused by secretin as originally proposed in 1968 and that secretin may act as a diarrheogenic hormone.
authors: *Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH †Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH ‡Department of Surgery, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies, Comprehensive Wound Center, Laser Capture Molecular Core, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH §Division of Gastroenterology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI ¶Department of Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA ||Department of Surgery, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL **William and Sheila Konar Center for Digestive and Liver Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
authors: William Y
authors: WY
authors: Chey
authors: Wendy L
authors: WL
authors: Frankel
authors: Sashwati
authors: S
authors: Roy
authors: Soma
authors: S
authors: Datta
authors: Chandan K
authors: CK
authors: Sen
authors: Mary
authors: M
authors: Dillhoff
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Muscarella
authors: Konrad H
authors: KH
authors: Soergel
authors: Ronald K
authors: RK
authors: Tompkins
authors: Ta-Min
authors: TM
authors: Chang
authors: Edward L
authors: EL
authors: Bradley
authors: Edwin Christopher
authors: EC
authors: Ellison
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000378:metabolism; D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism; D061346:Laser Capture Microdissection; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012633:Secretin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D003969:Vipoma / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012633:Secretin