title: The effects of exercise modality on maximal and submaximal exercise parameters obtained by graded maximal exercise testing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has become part of screening and evaluation in cardiology. The exercise modalities most often used in CPET are the treadmill (TM) and upright bicycle (UB). Nowadays, also the supine bicycle (SB) is becoming more often used, especially when combined with cardiac imaging.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to examine whether a maximal CPET on a SB leads to similar results as TM and UB in terms of different CPET measures. Secondly, we explored whether peak VO2 relates to the person's preference and experience with the different exercise modalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve healthy individuals (8 male; mean age 21.6, range 21-24) participated in a randomized controlled cross-over trial and performed 3 maximal CPETs on a TM, UB and SB. Repeated measures ANOVA was performed to evaluate differences between tests. Further, Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SB CPET resulted in lower peak VO2 (2806±652ml·min(-1) (SB) vs 3329±798ml·min(-1) (UB) and 3550±799ml·min(-1) (TM); p<0.001) and peak heart rate (179±8 beats·min(-1) (SB) vs 192±7 beats·min(-1) (UB) and 193±11 beats·min(-1) (TM); p<0.001). VE/VCO2-slope did not differ between the 3 modalities. Overall, ICC and Bland-Altman plots showed low agreement for SB measures. No influence of preference and experience on peak VO2 could be found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Upcoming maximal SB exercise tests, for evaluations in clinical settings, can't be considered as an evaluation of the maximal exercise capacity when compared to golden standard TM and UB.
authors: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Nils
authors: N
authors: Cornelis
authors: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: Roselien.buys@kuleuven.be.
authors: Roselien
authors: R
authors: Buys
mesh_terms: D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000502:physiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET); Modality; Preference; Supine-bicycle