title: The Association of Chronic Topical Prostaglandin Analog Use With Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.
abstract: To evaluate the association of long-term prostaglandin analog (PGA) use with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in medically treated glaucoma patients.
  
  
  
  This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted at a single academic setting. In total, 70 eyes of 70 patients with a medical diagnosis of glaucoma who were on long-term (>12 mo) topical hypotensive medication(s) were included. Patients were classified based on whether they were on PGA or non-PGA class of medication(s). MGD was defined based on meibomian gland terminal duct obstruction and graded between 1 and 5 based on severity. For all subjects, ocular surface disease index questionnaire, break-up time, lissamine green staining, and Schirmer test (under topical anesthesia) was administered. Student t test, Mann-Whitney U test, and χ test was used in statistical evaluations. Forty-five age-matched healthy control subjects who were not on any topical medications were also included.
  
  
  
  In total, 25 patients (35.7%) were on PGA monotherapy, 21 (30.0%) were treated with fixed or unfixed PGA combination regimens, and 24 (34.3%) were on non-PGA medications. MGD prevalence was higher in patients treated with PGA monotherapy (92.0%) compared with those receiving non-PGA therapy (58.3%) (P=0.02). Obstructive type of MGD was detected in the majority of patients treated with PGAs (95.7%). Grade 2 and 3 MGD was noted in 80.5% of patients on PGA. Patients on PGA had worse ocular surface disease index and ocular surface test results (P<0.001) compared with those of control subjects.
  
  
  
  Long-term administration of PGA is associated with obstructive type of MGD.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Mehmet C
authors: MC
authors: Mocan
authors: Enes
authors: E
authors: Uzunosmanoglu
authors: Sibel
authors: S
authors: Kocabeyoglu
authors: Jale
authors: J
authors: Karakaya
authors: Murat
authors: M
authors: Irkec
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008537:Meibomian Glands / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011465:Prostaglandins, Synthetic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011465:Prostaglandins, Synthetic