title: Health and epidemiological approaches of Trypanosoma evansi and equine infectious anemia virus in naturally infected horses at southern Pantanal.
abstract: Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) and Trypanossoma evansi are endemic in Brazilian Pantanal Biome, an important area for livestock production. In this sense, we evaluated the epidemiological single and co-infection effects of T. evansi and EIAV in naturally infected horses in the southern Pantanal wetland by serological tests and hematological assays. Both higher seroprevalence and heath poor condition of the sampled animals were associated with differences in horse management between farms. We found that the negative animals for both infectious agents (NN) represented the major group in F1 (37%), and the smallest group in F2 (19%). Furthermore, we recorded higher EIAV seroprevalence (56%) in F2, compared to F1 (38%). We observed that T. evansi infection was mostly related to young horses, as seen by their higher seroprevalence, ranging from 70.7% in the beginning of the rainy season to 81% in the end of flood period, in comparison with the values of 42% and 68%, respectively, in working animals. on the other hand, working animals showed a higher seroprevalence for EIAV (48%) in both seasons than young horses. We observed that the management of working horses could be a risk factor of EIAV infection. On the other hand, as T. evansi is maintained in the study region by many species of wild mammals, the mechanical transmission through blood-sucking vectors ensures the infection to horses since early. Our results showed that single or co-infection by EIAV and T. evansi caused different degree of anemia in the infected animals. Moreover, the health of horses in Brazilian Pantanal is also influenced by differences in horse management and environmental circumstances.
authors: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21040-900, Brazil.
authors: Daniela R
authors: DR
authors: Parreira
authors: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21040-900, Brazil.
authors: Ana M
authors: AM
authors: Jansen
authors: Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - EMBRAPA Pantanal, Corumbá, CEP 79320-900, Brazil.
authors: Urbano G P
authors: UG
authors: Abreu
authors: Universidade Católica Dom Bosco - UCDB, Campo Grande, CEP 79117-900, Brazil.
authors: Gabriel C
authors: GC
authors: Macedo
authors: Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Seropédica, CEP 23890-000, Brazil.
authors: Antônia R S
authors: AR
authors: Silva
authors: Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Seropédica, CEP 23890-000, Brazil.
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Mazur
authors: Universidade Católica Dom Bosco - UCDB, Campo Grande, CEP 79117-900, Brazil.
authors: Gisele B
authors: GB
authors: Andrade
authors: Universidade Católica Dom Bosco - UCDB, Campo Grande, CEP 79117-900, Brazil. Electronic address: herrera@ucdb.br.
authors: Heitor M
authors: HM
authors: Herrera
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D060085:Coinfection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004859:Equine Infectious Anemia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D004906:Erythrocyte Count; D004909:Erythrocyte Indices; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D006736:Horses; D005779:Immunodiffusion; D004860:Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / Q000276:immunology; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D012307:Risk Factors; D012621:Seasons; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014345:Trypanosoma / Q000276:immunology; D014352:Trypanosomiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D000914:Antibodies, Viral
keywords: EIAV; Health; Horses; Pantanal; Trypanosoma evansi