title: Altered Vision-Related Resting-State Activity in Pituitary Adenoma Patients with Visual Damage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate changes of vision-related resting-state activity in pituitary adenoma (PA) patients with visual damage through comparison to healthy controls (HCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  25 PA patients with visual damage and 25 age- and sex-matched corrected-to-normal-vision HCs underwent a complete neuro-ophthalmologic evaluation, including automated perimetry, fundus examinations, and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol, including structural and resting-state fMRI (RS-fMRI) sequences. The regional homogeneity (ReHo) of the vision-related cortex and the functional connectivity (FC) of 6 seeds within the visual cortex (the primary visual cortex (V1), the secondary visual cortex (V2), and the middle temporal visual cortex (MT+)) were evaluated. Two-sample t-tests were conducted to identify the differences between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the HCs, the PA group exhibited reduced ReHo in the bilateral V1, V2, V3, fusiform, MT+, BA37, thalamus, postcentral gyrus and left precentral gyrus and increased ReHo in the precuneus, prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insula, supramarginal gyrus (SMG), and putamen. Compared with the HCs, V1, V2, and MT+ in the PAs exhibited decreased FC with the V1, V2, MT+, fusiform, BA37, and increased FC primarily in the bilateral temporal lobe (especially BA20,21,22), prefrontal cortex, PCC, insular, angular gyrus, ACC, pre-SMA, SMG, hippocampal formation, caudate and putamen. It is worth mentioning that compared with HCs, V1 in PAs exhibited decreased or similar FC with the thalamus, whereas V2 and MT+ exhibited increased FCs with the thalamus, especially pulvinar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study, we identified significant neural reorganization in the vision-related cortex of PA patients with visual damage compared with HCs. Most subareas within the visual cortex exhibited remarkable neural dysfunction. Some subareas, including the MT+ and V2, exhibited enhanced FC with the thalamic pulvinar, which indicates an important role in the compensatory mechanism following visual impairment. In addition, neural dysfunction within the visual cortex was associated with neural activity alternation in the higher-order cognitive cortex, especially subareas in default mode network (DMN) and salience network (SN).
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.|Beijing Neurosurgery Institute, Capital Medical University affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors: Haiyan
authors: H
authors: Qian
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors: Xingchao
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors: Zhongyan
authors: Z
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors: Zhenmin
authors: Z
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.|Beijing Neurosurgery Institute, Capital Medical University affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors: Pinan
authors: P
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000473:pathology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000473:pathology*; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D012146:Rest; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D014794:Visual Fields; D055815:Young Adult