title: Alcohol use among adults in Uganda: findings from the countrywide non-communicable diseases risk factor cross-sectional survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are limited data on levels of alcohol use in most sub-Saharan African countries.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We analyzed data from Uganda's non-communicable diseases risk factor survey conducted in 2014, to identify alcohol use prevalence and associated factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The survey used the World Health Organization STEPS tool to collect data, including the history of alcohol use. Alcohol users were categorized into low-, medium-, and high-end users. Participants were also classified as having an alcohol-use-related disorder if, over the past 12 months, they were unable to stop drinking alcohol once they had started drinking, and/or failed to do what was normally expected of them because of drinking alcohol, and/or needed an alcoholic drink first in the morning to get going after a heavy drinking session the night before. Weighted logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with medium- to high-end alcohol use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 3,956 participants, 1,062 (26.8%) were current alcohol users, including 314 (7.9%) low-end, 246 (6.2%) medium-end, and 502 (12.7%) high-end users. A total of 386 (9.8%) were classified as having an alcohol-use-related disorder. Male participants were more likely to be medium- to high-end alcohol users compared to females; adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=2.34 [95% confidence interval (CI)=1.88-2.91]. Compared to residents in eastern Uganda, participants in central and western Uganda were more likely to be medium- to high-end users; AOR=1.47 (95% CI=1.01-2.12) and AOR=1.89 (95% CI=1.31-2.72), respectively. Participants aged 30-49 years and those aged 50-69 years were more likely to be medium- to high-end alcohol users, compared to those aged 18-29 years, AOR=1.49 (95% CI=1.16-1.91) and AOR=2.08 (95% CI=1.52-2.84), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The level of alcohol use among adults in Uganda is high, and 9.8% of the adult population has an alcohol-use-related disorder.
authors: Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Field Epidemiology Track, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda.
authors: Steven Ndugwa
authors: SN
authors: Kabwama
authors: Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda.
authors: Sheila
authors: S
authors: Ndyanabangi
authors: Control of Non-Communicable Diseases Desk, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda.
authors: Gerald
authors: G
authors: Mutungi
authors: School of Statistics and Planning, Makerere University College of Business and Management Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.
authors: Ronald
authors: R
authors: Wesonga
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, St. Francis Hospital Nsambya, Kampala, Uganda.
authors: Silver K
authors: SK
authors: Bahendeka
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; dguwatudde@musph.ac.ug.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Guwatudde
keywords: Uganda; WHO STEPS methodology; alcohol use; non-communicable diseases; sub-Saharan Africa