title: Enhanced Absorption Study of Ginsenoside Compound K (20-O-β-(D-Glucopyranosyl)-20(S)-protopanaxadiol) after Oral Administration of Fermented Red Ginseng Extract (HYFRG™) in Healthy Korean Volunteers and Rats.
abstract: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of compound K after oral administration of HYFRG and RG in humans, an open-label, randomized, single-dose, fasting, and one-period pharmacokinetic study was conducted. After oral administration of a single 3 g dose of HYFRG and RG to 24 healthy Korean males, the mean (±SD) of AUC0-t and C max of compound K from HYFRG were 1466.83 ± 295.89 ng·h/mL and 254.45 ± 51.20 ng/mL, being 115.2- and 80-fold higher than those for RG (12.73 ± 7.83 ng·h/mL and 3.18 ± 1.70 ng/mL), respectively; in case of Sprague Dawley rats the mean (±SD) of AUC0-t and C max of compound K from HYFRG was 58.03 ± 32.53 ng·h/mL and 15.19 ± 10.69 ng/mL, being 6.3- and 6.0-fold higher than those from RG (9.21 ± 7.52 ng·h/mL and 2.55 ± 0.99 ng/mL), respectively. T max of compound K in humans and rats was 2.54 ± 0.92 and 3.33 ± 0.50 h for HYFRG and 9.11 ± 1.45 and 6.75 ± 3.97 hours for RG, respectively. In conclusion, the administration of HYFRG resulted in a higher and faster absorption of compound K in both humans and rats compared to RG.
authors: R&BD Center, Korea Yakult Co., Ltd., 418-12 Gomae-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 449-901, Republic of Korea.
authors: Il-Dong
authors: ID
authors: Choi
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors: Ju-Hee
authors: JH
authors: Ryu
authors: R&BD Center, Korea Yakult Co., Ltd., 418-12 Gomae-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 449-901, Republic of Korea.
authors: Dong-Eun
authors: DE
authors: Lee
authors: R&BD Center, Korea Yakult Co., Ltd., 418-12 Gomae-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 449-901, Republic of Korea.
authors: Myoung-Hee
authors: MH
authors: Lee
authors: R&BD Center, Korea Yakult Co., Ltd., 418-12 Gomae-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 449-901, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jae-Joong
authors: JJ
authors: Shim
authors: R&BD Center, Korea Yakult Co., Ltd., 418-12 Gomae-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 449-901, Republic of Korea.
authors: Young-Tae
authors: YT
authors: Ahn
authors: R&BD Center, Korea Yakult Co., Ltd., 418-12 Gomae-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 449-901, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jae-Hun
authors: JH
authors: Sim
authors: Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Institute of Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 232-916, Republic of Korea.
authors: Chul-Sung
authors: CS
authors: Huh
authors: Kyung Hee Drug Analysis Center, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors: Wang-Seob
authors: WS
authors: Shim
authors: Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors: Sung-Vin
authors: SV
authors: Yim
authors: Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
authors: Eun-Kyoung
authors: EK
authors: Chung
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee Drug Analysis Center, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors: Kyung-Tae
authors: 0000-0002-3141-3727
authors: KT
authors: Lee