title: Methanolic seed extract of Vitis vinifera ameliorates oxidative stress, inflammation and ATPase dysfunction in infarcted and non-infarcted heart of streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced male diabetic rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We hypothesized that consumption of Vitis vinifera seed by diabetics could help to ameliorate myocardial damage. Therefore, in this study, we investigated effects of V. vinifera seed methanolic extract (VVSME) on parameters related to myocardial damage in diabetes with or without myocardial infarction (MI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats received oral VVSME for 28days. MI was induced by intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol on last two days. Prior to sacrifice, blood was collected and fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile and insulin levels were measured. Levels of serum cardiac injury marker (troponin-I and CK-MB) were determined and histopathological changes in the heart were observed following harvesting. Levels of oxidative stress (LPO, SOD, CAT, GPx and RAGE), inflammation (NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and cardiac ATPases (Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase) were determined in heart homogenates. LC-MS was used to identify constituents in the extracts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consumption of VVSME by diabetic rats with or without MI improved the metabolic profiles while decreased the cardiac injury marker levels with lesser myocardial damage observed. Additionally, VVSME consumption reduced the levels of LPO, RAGE, TNF-α, Iκκβ, NF-κβ, IL-1β and IL-6 while increased the levels of SOD, CAT, GPx, Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase in the infarcted and non-infarcted heart of diabetic rats (p<0.05). LC-MS analysis revealed 17 major compounds in VVSME which might be responsible for the observed effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consumption of VVSME by diabetics helps to ameliorate damage to the infarcted and non-infarcted myocardium by decreasing oxidative stress, inflammation and cardiac ATPases dysfunctions.
authors: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Nelli
authors: N
authors: Giribabu
authors: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Josef
authors: J
authors: Roslan
authors: Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors: Somesula Swapna
authors: SS
authors: Rekha
authors: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: naguib.salleh@gmail.com.
authors: Naguib
authors: N
authors: Salleh
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000633:toxicity; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D027843:Vitis
chemical_list: D056604:Grape Seed Extract; D009536:Niacinamide; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases
keywords: Cardiac ATPase; Diabetic heart; Inflammation; Oxidative stress; VVSME