title: Inadequate Processing of Decellularized Dermal Matrix Reduces Cell Viability In Vitro and Increases Apoptosis and Acute Inflammation In Vivo.
abstract: Decellularized tissue scaffolds are commonly used in the clinic because they can be used as substitutes for more traditional biomaterials, while imparting additional physiological effects. Nevertheless, reports of complications associated with their use are widespread and poorly understood. This study probes possible causes of these complications by examining cell viability and apoptosis in response to eluents from decellularized dermis. Using multiple sources of decellularized dermis, this study shows that typical decellularized scaffolds (prepared with commonly used laboratory techniques, as well as purchased from commercial sources) contain soluble components that are cytotoxic and that these components can be removed by extensive washes in cell culture media. In addition, this study demonstrates that these observed in vitro phenotypes correlate with increased apoptosis and acute inflammation when implanted subcutaneously in mice.
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.; Department of Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors: Aaron H
authors: AH
authors: Morris
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut.
authors: Julie
authors: J
authors: Chang
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.; Department of Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.; Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors: Themis R
authors: TR
authors: Kyriakides
keywords: biomaterials; extracellular matrix; inflammation; tissue engineering