title: Evaluation of cellular and molecular impact of zearalenone and Escherichia coli co-exposure on IPEC-1 cells using microarray technology.
abstract: The gastrointestinal tract is the primary site of toxin interaction, an interface between the organism and its surroundings. In this study, we assessed the alteration of intestinal mRNA profile in the case of co-occurrence of zearalenone (ZEA), a secondary Fusarium metabolite, and Escherichia coli (E. coli), on the intestinal porcine epithelial cells IPEC-1. We chose this model since the pig is a species which is susceptible to pathogen and mycotoxin co-exposure.
  
  
  
  After treating the cells with the two contaminants, either separately or in combination, the differential gene expression between groups was assessed, using the microarray technology. Data analysis identified 1691 upregulated and 797 downregulated genes as a response to E. coli exposure, while for ZEA treated cells, 303 genes were upregulated and 49 downregulated. The co-contamination led to 991 upregulated and 800 downregulated genes. The altered gene expression pattern was further classified into 8 functional groups. In the case of co-exposure to ZEA and E.coli, a clear increase of proinflammatory mechanisms.
  
  
  
  These results demonstrate the complex effect of single or multiple contaminants exposure at cellular and molecular level, with significant implications that might lead to the activation of pathological mechanisms. A better understanding of the effects of co-contamination is mandatory in developing novel exposure regulations and prevention measures.
authors: Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, No. 23, Cluj-Napoca, 400012, Romania.|Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncological Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Republicii Street, No. 34-36, Cluj-Napoca, 401015, Romania.
authors: Cornelia
authors: C
authors: Braicu
authors: Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, No. 23, Cluj-Napoca, 400012, Romania.
authors: Sonia
authors: S
authors: Selicean
authors: Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, No. 23, Cluj-Napoca, 400012, Romania.
authors: Roxana
authors: R
authors: Cojocneanu-Petric
authors: Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, No. 23, Cluj-Napoca, 400012, Romania.|Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Romania.
authors: Raduly
authors: R
authors: Lajos
authors: Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncological Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Republicii Street, No. 34-36, Cluj-Napoca, 401015, Romania.
authors: Ovidiu
authors: O
authors: Balacescu
authors: Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, Balotesti, Ilfov, 077015, Romania.
authors: Ionelia
authors: I
authors: Taranu
authors: Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, Balotesti, Ilfov, 077015, Romania.
authors: Daniela Eliza
authors: DE
authors: Marin
authors: Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, Balotesti, Ilfov, 077015, Romania.
authors: Monica
authors: M
authors: Motiu
authors: Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, No. 23, Cluj-Napoca, 400012, Romania.
authors: Ancuta
authors: A
authors: Jurj
authors: Department of Surgery, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Republicii Street, No. 34-36, Cluj-Napoca, 401015, Romania. pachimas@umfcluj.ro.|Department of Surgical Oncology and Gynaecological Oncology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babeş Street, Cluj-Napoca, 400012, Romania. pachimas@umfcluj.ro.
authors: Patriciu
authors: P
authors: Achimas-Cadariu
authors: Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, No. 23, Cluj-Napoca, 400012, Romania. ioana.neagoe@umfcluj.ro.|Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncological Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Republicii Street, No. 34-36, Cluj-Napoca, 401015, Romania. ioana.neagoe@umfcluj.ro.|Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, Cluj-Napoca, 40015, Romania. ioana.neagoe@umfcluj.ro.
authors: Ioana
authors: I
authors: Berindan-Neagoe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology*; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013552:Swine; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D015025:Zearalenone
keywords: Co-exposure; E. coli; Intestinal epithelial cells; Microarray; Zearalenone