title: Impact of fibroblast growth factor 21 on the secretome of human perivascular preadipocytes and adipocytes: a targeted proteomics approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is suggested to impact on vascular cells via humoral factors, possibly contributing to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To address whether the hepatokine fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 affects the PVAT secretome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human perivascular (pre)adipocytes were subjected to targeted proteomics and whole-genome gene expression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preadipocytes, as compared to adipocytes, secreted higher amounts of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Adipocytes released higher amounts of adipokines [e.g. adipisin, visfatin, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), leptin; p < 0.05, all]. In preadipocytes, omentin 1 release was 1.28-fold increased by FGF-21 (p < 0.05). In adipocytes, FGF-21 reduced chemerin release by 5% and enhanced DPP4 release by 1.15-fold (p < 0.05, both). FGF-21 altered the expression of four secretory genes in preadipocytes and of 18 in adipocytes (p < 0.01, all).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hepatokine FGF-21 exerts secretome-modulating effects in human perivascular (pre)adipocytes establishing a new liver-PVAT-blood vessel axis that possibly contributes to vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis.
authors: a Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany.|b Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics , Neuherberg , Germany.|c German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD) , Neuherberg , Germany.
authors: Lucia
authors: L
authors: Berti
authors: c German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD) , Neuherberg , Germany.|d Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf , Germany.
authors: Sonja
authors: S
authors: Hartwig
authors: b Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics , Neuherberg , Germany.|c German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD) , Neuherberg , Germany.
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Irmler
authors: b Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics , Neuherberg , Germany.|c German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD) , Neuherberg , Germany.
authors: Bernhard
authors: B
authors: Rädle
authors: a Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany.|c German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD) , Neuherberg , Germany.|e Department of Internal Medicine , Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany , and.
authors: Dorothea
authors: D
authors: Siegel-Axel
authors: b Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics , Neuherberg , Germany.|c German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD) , Neuherberg , Germany.|f Chair for Experimental Genetics, Technical University Munich , Neuherberg , Germany.
authors: Johannes
authors: J
authors: Beckers
authors: c German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD) , Neuherberg , Germany.|d Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf , Germany.
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Lehr
authors: c German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD) , Neuherberg , Germany.|d Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf , Germany.
authors: Hadi
authors: H
authors: Al-Hasani
authors: a Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany.|c German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD) , Neuherberg , Germany.|e Department of Internal Medicine , Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany , and.
authors: Hans-Ulrich
authors: HU
authors: Häring
authors: b Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics , Neuherberg , Germany.|c German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD) , Neuherberg , Germany.|f Chair for Experimental Genetics, Technical University Munich , Neuherberg , Germany.
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Hrabě de Angelis
authors: a Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany.|c German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD) , Neuherberg , Germany.|e Department of Internal Medicine , Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany , and.
authors: Harald
authors: H
authors: Staiger
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D017534:Radial Artery / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C414620:fibroblast growth factor 21; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors
keywords: Adipokines; atherosclerosis; cardiovascular disease; obesity; subclinical inflammation