title: Obesity alters immune and metabolic profiles: New insight from obese-resistant mice on high-fat diet.
abstract: Diet-induced obesity has been shown to alter immune function in mice, but distinguishing the effects of obesity from changes in diet composition is complicated. It was hypothesized that immunological differences would exist between diet-induced obese (DIO) and obese-resistant (OB-Res) mice fed the same high-fat diet (HFD).
  
  
  
  BALB/c mice were fed either standard chow or HFD to generate lean or DIO and OB-Res mice, respectively. Resulting mice were analyzed for serum immunologic and metabolic profiles and cellular immune parameters.
  
  
  
  BALB/c mice on HFD were categorized as DIO or OB-Res, based on body weight versus lean controls. DIO mice were physiologically distinct from OB-Res mice, whose serum insulin, leptin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, and eotaxin concentrations remained similar to lean controls. DIO mice had increased macrophage(+) crown-like structures in white adipose tissue, although macrophage percentages were unchanged from OB-Res and lean mice. DIO mice also had decreased splenic CD4(+) T cells, elevated serum GM-CSF, and increased splenic CD11c(+) dendritic cells, but impaired dendritic cell stimulatory capacity (P < 0.05 vs. lean controls). These parameters were unaltered in OB-Res mice versus lean controls.
  
  
  
  Diet-induced obesity results in alterations in immune and metabolic profiles that are distinct from effects caused by HFD alone.
authors: Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
authors: Shannon K
authors: SK
authors: Boi
authors: Department of Urology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors: Claire M
authors: CM
authors: Buchta
authors: Department of Pharmacology, The Obesity Research and Education Initiative, and the Fraternal Order of Eagles' Diabetes Research Center, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors: Nicole A
authors: NA
authors: Pearson
authors: Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
authors: Meghan B
authors: MB
authors: Francis
authors: Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors: David K
authors: DK
authors: Meyerholz
authors: Department of Pharmacology, The Obesity Research and Education Initiative, and the Fraternal Order of Eagles' Diabetes Research Center, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors: Justin L
authors: JL
authors: Grobe
authors: Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. lnorian@uab.edu.|Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. lnorian@uab.edu.|Nutrition Obesity Research Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. lnorian@uab.edu.
authors: Lyse A
authors: LA
authors: Norian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D054413:Chemokine CCL11 / Q000097:blood; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D005260:Female; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D055442:Metabolome; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D009765:Obesity / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013154:Spleen / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054413:Chemokine CCL11; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin