title: Association between Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
abstract: We investigated an association between serum Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) level and cardiovascular risk in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). A total of 107 participants were screened for T2D and divided into a T2D group and a control group (without diabetes). We used the Framingham risk score (FRS) and the New Pooled Cohort Equation score to estimate the 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Serum GDF15 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Correlation analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between GDF15 level and cardiovascular risk scores. The mean serum GDF15 level was elevated in the T2D group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). A positive correlation was evident between serum GDF15 level and age (r = 0.418, P = 0.001), the FRS (r = 0.457, P < 0.001), and the Pooled Cohort Equation score (r = 0.539, P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, LDL-C level, and body mass index (BMI), the serum GDF15 level was positively correlated with the FRS and the New Pooled Cohort Equation score. The serum GDF15 level is independently associated with cardiovascular risk scores of newly diagnosed T2D patients. This suggests that the level of GDF15 may be a useful predictive biomarker of cardiovascular risk in newly diagnosed T2D patients.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
authors: Min Young
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7094-5451
authors: MY
authors: Shin
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
authors: Ji Min
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0177-1849
authors: JM
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
authors: Yea Eun
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2012-3716
authors: YE
authors: Kang
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
authors: Min Kyeong
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0349-0194
authors: MK
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
authors: Kyong Hye
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6674-9506
authors: KH
authors: Joung
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
authors: Ju Hee
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5976-7175
authors: JH
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
authors: Koon Soon
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5545-2093
authors: KS
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
authors: Hyun Jin
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6760-4963
authors: HJ
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea. bonjeong@cnu.ac.kr.
authors: Bon Jeong
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3414-8949
authors: BJ
authors: Ku
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
authors: Minho
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-7115
authors: M
authors: Shong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D055436:Growth Differentiation Factor 15 / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D055436:Growth Differentiation Factor 15
keywords: Cardiovascular Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Growth Differentiation Factor 15