title: A novel role for β2-microglobulin: a precursor of antibacterial chemokine in respiratory epithelial cells.
abstract: We analyzed a panel of cationic molecules secreted in the culture medium of human respiratory epithelial cells (REC) upon activation by IL-1β and different pathogen-associated molecular patterns. A 9 kDa fragment derived from β2-microglobulin (B2M) was identified and named shed 9 kDa B2M (sB2M-9). The primary structure of sB2M-9 was revealed to increase its pI value that potentially could play an important role in innate defense. sB2M-9 exhibits antibacterial activity against Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus (SA) but not against Gram negative Klebsiella pneumonia (KP). Upon its binding to SA, sB2M-9 induces clumps, a phenomenon not observed with B2M. Migration of THP-1 monocytes exposed to SA clumps was significantly greater than that to SA without clumps. sB2M-9 binds to SA, more likely as a chemokine, to facilitate THP-1 migration. As a whole, we demonstrated that REC release a novel chemokine with antibacterial activity that is shed from B2M to facilitate THP-1 migration.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Shean-Jaw
authors: SJ
authors: Chiou
authors: Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Chan-Chi
authors: CC
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Yan-Shen
authors: YS
authors: Tseng
authors: Center for Research Resources and Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Yen-Jung
authors: YJ
authors: Lee
authors: Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Shih-Chieh
authors: SC
authors: Chen
authors: Center for Research Resources and Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Chi-Hsien
authors: CH
authors: Chou
authors: Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Lea-Yea
authors: LY
authors: Chuang
authors: Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Yi-Ren
authors: YR
authors: Hong
authors: Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Chi-Yu
authors: CY
authors: Lu
authors: Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Chien-Chih
authors: CC
authors: Chiu
authors: Unité de Défense Innée et Inflammation, Inserm U874, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.|Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, UMR_S 938 - UPMC/Inserm, France.
authors: Michel
authors: M
authors: Chignard
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000276:immunology*; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000276:immunology*; D002460:Cell Line; D054365:Chemokine CXCL5 / Q000276:immunology; D018925:Chemokines / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000276:immunology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D000069452:Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules / Q000276:immunology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D000074084:THP-1 Cells; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; C486263:CXCL5 protein, human; D054365:Chemokine CXCL5; D018925:Chemokines; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000069452:Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C108775:SOCS7 protein, human; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin