title: Imparied retrobulbar blood flow and increased carotid IMT in patients with Crohn's disease.
abstract: Crohn's Disease [CD] is one of the Inflammatory Bowel Diseases that are chronic relapsing inflammatory diseases. Despite the major affected organ is intestine in CD, extra intestinal organs and tissues including cardiovascular system are also affected. Several studies have demonstrated that CD patients may have a higher risk of advancing atherosclerosis. The microvascular endothelial dysfunction plays an essential role for developing coronary atherosclerosis. Microvascular structural abnormalities in the retinal circulation may predict macrovascular events such as stroke and coronary heart disease. In order to assess the the microvascular circulation of the retina; retrobulbar blood flow velocities and resisitive indices [RI] of retrobulbar arteries are measured. The carotid intima media thickness [CIMT] correlates strongly with CV risk in the future. We aimed to investigate whether calculation of RI of retrobulbar arteries can be used as novel, easy and reproducible method to define atherosclerotic risk in CD patients along with CIMT. Thirty CD patients with remission period and thirty healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. Measurement of carotid intima-media thickness and retrobulbar blood flow velocities were obtained with ultrasound scanner and colour Doppler ultrasonography. The RI of the OA [0.77 ± 0.06 vs. 0.65 ± 0.06, p < 0.001] and CIMT 0.52 [0.50-0.60] vs. 0.40 [0.40-0.50] in patients with CD was significantly higher than the control group. Increased OARI and CIMT values may reflect an increased risk of atherosclerosis and OARI measurement may be used as a screening test for microvascular circulation evaluation in patients with CD.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Zuhal
authors: Z
authors: Caliskan
authors: Department of Cardiology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Doktor Erkin Caddesi, Kadıköy, Istanbul, Turkey. drnursenkeles@yahoo.com.tr.
authors: Nursen
authors: N
authors: Keles
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Resul
authors: R
authors: Kahraman
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Kamil
authors: K
authors: Özdil
authors: Department of Radiology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Vildan
authors: V
authors: Karagoz
authors: Department of Cardiology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Doktor Erkin Caddesi, Kadıköy, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Feyza
authors: F
authors: Aksu
authors: Department of Cardiology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Doktor Erkin Caddesi, Kadıköy, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Gonul
authors: G
authors: Aciksari
authors: Department of Cardiology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Doktor Erkin Caddesi, Kadıköy, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Yusuf
authors: Y
authors: Yilmaz
authors: Department of Cardiology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Doktor Erkin Caddesi, Kadıköy, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Seref
authors: S
authors: Kul
authors: Department of Cardiology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Doktor Erkin Caddesi, Kadıköy, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Mustafa
authors: M
authors: Caliskan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D018619:Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed; D005123:Eye / Q000098:blood supply*; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Crohn’s disease; Resisitive index; Retrobulbar blood flow