title: Kinesin-1 sorting in axons controls the differential retraction of arbor terminals.
abstract: The ability of neurons to generate multiple arbor terminals from a single axon is crucial for establishing proper neuronal wiring. Although growth and retraction of arbor terminals are differentially regulated within the axon, the mechanisms by which neurons locally control their structure remain largely unknown. In the present study, we found that the kinesin-1 (Kif5 proteins) head domain (K5H) preferentially marks a subset of arbor terminals. Time-lapse imaging clarified that these arbor terminals were more stable than others, because of a low retraction rate. Local inhibition of kinesin-1 in the arbor terminal by chromophore-assisted light inactivation (CALI) enhanced the retraction rate. The microtubule turnover was locally regulated depending on the length from the branching point to the terminal end, but did not directly correlate with the presence of K5H. By contrast, F-actin signal values in arbor terminals correlated spatiotemporally with K5H, and inhibition of actin turnover prevented retraction. Results from the present study reveal a new system mediated by kinesin-1 sorting in axons that differentially controls stability of arbor terminals.
authors: Department of Human and Artificial Intelligence Systems, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-8507, Japan.
authors: Takeshi
authors: 0000-0001-8072-1796
authors: T
authors: Seno
authors: Department of Human and Artificial Intelligence Systems, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-8507, Japan.
authors: Tatsuki
authors: 0000-0002-3469-4763
authors: T
authors: Ikeno
authors: Department of Human and Artificial Intelligence Systems, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-8507, Japan.
authors: Kousuke
authors: K
authors: Mennya
authors: Department of Human and Artificial Intelligence Systems, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-8507, Japan.
authors: Masayuki
authors: 0000-0003-0775-5433
authors: M
authors: Kurishita
authors: Department of Human and Artificial Intelligence Systems, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-8507, Japan.
authors: Narumi
authors: 0000-0002-7960-9227
authors: N
authors: Sakae
authors: Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-8507, Japan Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University-Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors: Makoto
authors: M
authors: Sato
authors: Department of Human and Artificial Intelligence Systems, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-8507, Japan.
authors: Hiroki
authors: H
authors: Takada
authors: Department of Human and Artificial Intelligence Systems, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-8507, Japan Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-8507, Japan Department of Materials Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-8507, Japan ykonishi@u-fukui.ac.jp.
authors: Yoshiyuki
authors: 0000-0001-7594-9921
authors: Y
authors: Konishi
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000378:metabolism*; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000378:metabolism; D016547:Kinesins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism; D000072417:Protein Domains; D021381:Protein Transport; D059008:Time-Lapse Imaging
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D016547:Kinesins
keywords: Axon; F-actin; Kinesin; Microtubule; Retraction; Transport