title: Emerging imaging techniques after cardiac transplantation.
abstract: Improvements in survival after cardiac transplantation have in part been driven by improved graft surveillance. Graft surveillance relies mainly on 3 techniques: coronary angiography, endomyocardial biopsy and echocardiography. Developments in invasive and non-invasive imaging technology have revolutionized assessment of the heart in both health and disease, offering new insights into tissue composition and myocardial metabolism. Herein we aim to review the strengths and weaknesses of these techniques, and summarize the evidence in the following 5 fields of cardiac imaging after transplantation: cardiovascular magnetic resonance; computed tomography; positron emission tomography; single-photon emission computed tomography; and optical coherence tomography and molecular imaging techniques.
authors: Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre and Division of Biomedical Imaging, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. Electronic address: a.k.mcdiarmid@leeds.ac.uk.
authors: Adam K
authors: AK
authors: McDiarmid
authors: Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre and Division of Biomedical Imaging, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors: Sven
authors: S
authors: Plein
authors: Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Heather J
authors: HJ
authors: Ross
mesh_terms: D017023:Coronary Angiography; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: cardiac transplantation; cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR); computed tomography (CT); molecular imaging; optical coherence tomography (OCT); positron emission tomography (PET); single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)