title: Oxygen-implanted induced formation of oxide layer enhances blood compatibility on titanium for biomedical applications.
abstract: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) layers were prepared on a Ti substrate by using oxygen plasma immersion ion implantation (oxygen PIII). The surface chemical states, structure, and morphology of the layers were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman microscopy, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscope. The mechanical properties, such as the Young's modulus and hardness, of the layers were investigated using nanoindentation testing. The Ti(4+) chemical state was determined to be present on oxygen-PIII-treated surfaces, which consisted of nanocrystalline TiO2 with a rutile structure. Compared with Ti substrates, the oxygen-PIII-treated surfaces exhibited decreased Young's moduli and hardness. Parameters indicating the blood compatibility of the oxygen-PIII-treated surfaces, including the clotting time and platelet adhesion and activation, were studied in vitro. Clotting time assays indicated that the clotting time of oxygen-PIII-treated surfaces was longer than that of the Ti substrate, which was associated with decreased fibrinogen adsorption. In conclusion, the surface characteristics and the blood compatibility of Ti implants can be modified and improved using oxygen PIII.
authors: School of Oral Hygiene, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
authors: Wei-Chiang
authors: WC
authors: Hung
authors: School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
authors: Fang-Mo
authors: FM
authors: Chang
authors: Master Program in Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
authors: Tzu-Sen
authors: TS
authors: Yang
authors: School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Research Center for Biomedical Implants and Microsurgery Devices, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University-Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei 235, Taiwan.
authors: Keng-Liang
authors: KL
authors: Ou
authors: School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
authors: Che-Tong
authors: CT
authors: Lin
authors: School of Dental Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan. Electronic address: apon@tmu.edu.tw.
authors: Pei-Wen
authors: PW
authors: Peng
mesh_terms: D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D016062:Porosity; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Clotting time; Oxygen plasma-immersion ion implantation (oxygen PIII); Platelet activation; Titanium