title: Detection of Steatohepatitis in a Rat Model by Using Spectroscopic Shear-Wave US Elastography.
abstract: Purpose To compare low- versus high-frequency ultrasonographic (US) elastography for detection of steatohepatitis in rats by using histopathologic findings as the reference standard. Materials and Methods Between March and September 2014, after receiving approval from the institutional animal care committee, 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a standard chow for 4 weeks or a methionine- and choline-deficient diet for 1, 4, 8, or 12 weeks to induce a continuum of steatohepatitis severity. Liver shear stiffness was assessed in vivo by using US elastography at low (40-130-Hz) and high (130-220-Hz) frequencies. Histologic features (steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis) and modified nonalcoholic steatohepatitis categories were used as reference standards. Definite steatohepatitis was divided into steatohepatitis with fibrosis stage 1 or lower and stage 2 and higher. Analyses included the Kendall τ correlation, multivariable linear regression analyses, Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test, and post hoc Dunn test with Holm correction. Results Correlations between liver shear stiffness and histologic features were higher at high frequencies than at low frequencies (low frequency: 0.08, 0.24, and 0.20 for steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, respectively; high frequency: 0.11, 0.35, and 0.50, respectively). The absolute value of multivariable regression coefficients was higher at high frequencies for the presence of steatosis, inflammation grade, and fibrosis stage (low frequency: -0.475, 0.157, and 0.209, respectively; high frequency: -0.893, 0.357, and 0.447, respectively). The model fit was better at high frequencies (adjusted R2= 0.57) than at low frequencies (adjusted R2= 0.21). There was a significant difference between steatohepatitis categories at both low and high frequencies (P = .022 and P < .001, respectively). Conclusion Liver shear stiffness measured with US elastography provided better distinction of steatohepatitis categories at high frequencies than at low frequencies. Further, liver shear stiffness decreased with steatosis and increased with inflammation and fibrosis at both low and high frequencies.©RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
authors: From the Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada (S.K., E.Z., P.B.C., F.D., D.T., G.C., A.T.); Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics (LBUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada (S.K., E.Z., F.D., G.C.); Dept of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.N.N., D.T.); Dept of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.N.N., D.T.); Inst of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (G.C.); and Dept of Radiology, Radio-oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), 1058 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 3J4 (G.C., A.T.).
authors: Siavash
authors: S
authors: Kazemirad
authors: From the Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada (S.K., E.Z., P.B.C., F.D., D.T., G.C., A.T.); Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics (LBUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada (S.K., E.Z., F.D., G.C.); Dept of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.N.N., D.T.); Dept of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.N.N., D.T.); Inst of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (G.C.); and Dept of Radiology, Radio-oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), 1058 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 3J4 (G.C., A.T.).
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Zhang
authors: From the Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada (S.K., E.Z., P.B.C., F.D., D.T., G.C., A.T.); Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics (LBUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada (S.K., E.Z., F.D., G.C.); Dept of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.N.N., D.T.); Dept of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.N.N., D.T.); Inst of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (G.C.); and Dept of Radiology, Radio-oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), 1058 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 3J4 (G.C., A.T.).
authors: Bich N
authors: BN
authors: Nguyen
authors: From the Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada (S.K., E.Z., P.B.C., F.D., D.T., G.C., A.T.); Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics (LBUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada (S.K., E.Z., F.D., G.C.); Dept of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.N.N., D.T.); Dept of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.N.N., D.T.); Inst of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (G.C.); and Dept of Radiology, Radio-oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), 1058 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 3J4 (G.C., A.T.).
authors: Paule
authors: P
authors: Bodson-Clermont
authors: From the Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada (S.K., E.Z., P.B.C., F.D., D.T., G.C., A.T.); Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics (LBUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada (S.K., E.Z., F.D., G.C.); Dept of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.N.N., D.T.); Dept of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.N.N., D.T.); Inst of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (G.C.); and Dept of Radiology, Radio-oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), 1058 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 3J4 (G.C., A.T.).
authors: François
authors: F
authors: Destrempes
authors: From the Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada (S.K., E.Z., P.B.C., F.D., D.T., G.C., A.T.); Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics (LBUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada (S.K., E.Z., F.D., G.C.); Dept of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.N.N., D.T.); Dept of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.N.N., D.T.); Inst of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (G.C.); and Dept of Radiology, Radio-oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), 1058 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 3J4 (G.C., A.T.).
authors: Dominique
authors: D
authors: Trudel
authors: From the Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada (S.K., E.Z., P.B.C., F.D., D.T., G.C., A.T.); Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics (LBUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada (S.K., E.Z., F.D., G.C.); Dept of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.N.N., D.T.); Dept of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.N.N., D.T.); Inst of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (G.C.); and Dept of Radiology, Radio-oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), 1058 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 3J4 (G.C., A.T.).
authors: Guy
authors: G
authors: Cloutier
authors: From the Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada (S.K., E.Z., P.B.C., F.D., D.T., G.C., A.T.); Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics (LBUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada (S.K., E.Z., F.D., G.C.); Dept of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.N.N., D.T.); Dept of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.N.N., D.T.); Inst of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (G.C.); and Dept of Radiology, Radio-oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), 1058 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 3J4 (G.C., A.T.).
authors: An
authors: A
authors: Tang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013057:Spectrum Analysis