title: Determinants for clinical events in gallstone carriers unaware of their gallstones.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Knowledge about determinants for clinical events in gallstone carriers is missing. The aim of this cohort study was to identify determinants of clinical gallstone events during long-term follow-up of a population unaware of their gallstones.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three randomly selected groups from the general population of Copenhagen (n = 6 037) underwent ultrasound examinations to detect gallstones in the period 1982-1994. Participants unaware of gallstone (n = 595) were followed up for clinical gallstone events through central registers until December 31, 2011. Follow-up length was median 17.5 years and 99.8% complete. Cox regression analyses were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gallstone events occurred in 16.6% participants of whom 7.2% were complicated and 9.4% were uncomplicated. Total events were associated with body mass index. Complicated events were associated with coffee consumption, vocational training, and inversely association to a higher physical activity level when compared with being sedentary. Multiple adjusted models confirmed association for total events and body mass index and for complicated events and physical activity. No significant associations were identified for alcohol, coffee, diet, smoking, or visits to general practitioner and clinical events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Body mass index, vocational training, and physical activity level were associated with clinical events in long-term follow-up of unaware gallstone carriers. Future trials should investigate clinical effects of lifestyle and medical interventions in gallstone carriers.
authors: Digestive Disease Center, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark.
authors: Daniel Mønsted
authors: DM
authors: Shabanzadeh
authors: Digestive Disease Center, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Lars Tue
authors: LT
authors: Sørensen
authors: Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark.|Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors: Torben
authors: T
authors: Jørgensen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D042882:Gallstones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014829:Vocational Education
keywords: cholelithiasis; cohort studies; gallstones disease; ultrasonography