title: Prevalence and Risk Factors for Infections in a Pregnant Adolescent Population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to identify risk factors associated with maternal infections and placental inflammation in pregnant adolescents attending an urban adolescent maternity clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional, descriptive study used survey and medical chart data collected at entry and prospectively across gestation. The prevalence of maternal infections and placental inflammation was determined and potential risk factors were identified.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rochester Adolescent Maternal Program (RAMP) in Rochester, NY.
  
  
  METHODS
  Racially and ethnically diverse pregnant adolescents (n = 158 ≤ 18 y at entry) were recruited.
  
  
  METHODS
  Main outcome measures were diagnosis of an infection or inflammatory condition in relation to demographic, anthropometric, dietary, socioeconomic, and health data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The three most prevalent infections diagnosed in this study population were recto-vaginal colonization of group B Streptococcus (GBS) (38%), bacterial vaginosis (BV) (40%) and candida (42%). African-American teens (AOR = 4.6; 95% CI: 1.74-13.02) and those with higher pre-pregnancy BMI (ppBMI; AOR = 1.2; 95% CI: 1.04-1.31) were more likely to test positive for BV across gestation. Older maternal age decreased the likelihood of positive tests for trichomoniasis (OR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.26-0.92) and gonorrhea (OR = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.16-0.82). Higher mean dietary vitamin D intake (mcg/d) was associated with a lower likelihood of testing positive for recto-vaginal GBS (OR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.77-0.98).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Addressing modifiable risk factors associated with dietary intake and pre-pregnancy weight may help reduce health disparities among pregnant minority adolescents. Additionally, targeted sexual health education may greatly benefit younger female adolescents.
authors: Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
authors: Christine C
authors: CC
authors: Akoh
authors: The University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York.
authors: Eva K
authors: EK
authors: Pressman
authors: The University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York.
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Cooper
authors: The University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York.
authors: Ruth Anne
authors: RA
authors: Queenan
authors: Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
authors: Julie
authors: J
authors: Pillittere
authors: Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Electronic address: koo4@cornell.edu.
authors: Kimberly O
authors: KO
authors: O'Brien
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000367:Age Factors; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002181:Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D013292:Streptococcus agalactiae; D014247:Trichomonas Vaginitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D019037:Urban Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016585:Vaginosis, Bacterial / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology
keywords: Adolescents; Minority health; Pregnancy; Sexually transmitted infections