title: Dynamic patterns of circulating influenza virus from 2005 to 2012 in Shandong Province, China.
abstract: To identify circulating emerging/reemerging viral strains and epidemiological trends, an influenza sentinel surveillance network was established in Shandong Province, China, in 2005. Nasal and/or throat swabs from patients with influenza-like-illness were collected at sentinel hospitals. Influenza viruses were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or virus isolation. From October 2005 to March 2012, 7763 (21.44 %) of 36,209 swab samples were positive for influenza viruses, including 5221 (67.25 %) influenza A and 2542 (32.75 %) influenza B. While the influenza viruses were detected year-round, their type/subtype distribution varied significantly. Peak influenza activity was observed from November to February. The proportion of laboratory-confirmed influenza cases was highest among participants aged 0-4 years (14.97 %) in the 2005-2009 and 2010-2012 influenza seasons and the positivity rate of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was highest in the 15 to 24 year age group during the 2009-2010 influenza season. Genetic analysis of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes revealed that the viruses matched seasonal influenza vaccine strains in general, with some amino acid mutations. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 strains isolated in Shandong Province were characterized by an S203T mutation that is specific to clade 7 isolates. This report illustrates that the Shandong Provincial influenza surveillance system was sensitive in detecting influenza virus variability by season and by genetic composition. This system will help official public health target interventions such as education programs and vaccines.
authors: Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Institute for Prevention Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
authors: Ti
authors: T
authors: Liu
authors: Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Institute for Prevention Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
authors: Zhong
authors: Z
authors: Li
authors: Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Institute for Prevention Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Lin
authors: Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Institute for Prevention Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
authors: Shaoxia
authors: S
authors: Song
authors: Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Institute for Prevention Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
authors: Shengyang
authors: S
authors: Zhang
authors: Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Institute for Prevention Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Sun
authors: Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Institute for Prevention Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
authors: Yulu
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Institute for Prevention Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
authors: Aiqiang
authors: A
authors: Xu
authors: Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Institute for Prevention Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China. bzq63@163.com.
authors: Zhenqiang
authors: Z
authors: Bi
authors: Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Institute for Prevention Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China. xjwang62@163.com.
authors: Xianjun
authors: X
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000821:virology; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000235:genetics; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010614:Pharynx / Q000821:virology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012621:Seasons; D014776:Virus Cultivation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D009439:Neuraminidase