title: Prostate-specific extracellular vesicles as a novel biomarker in human prostate cancer.
abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) may play an important role in cancer development and progression. We aimed to investigate the prognostic potential of prostate-specific EVs in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Plasma and prostate tissue were collected from patients who underwent surgery for PCa (n = 82) or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH, n = 28). To analyze the quantity of EVs in prostate, we performed transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immuno-TEM with CD63 and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), and immunofluorescence staining. After EV isolation from plasma, CD63 and PSMA concentration was measured using ELISA kits. PSMA-positive areas in prostate differed in patients with BPH, and low-, intermediate-, and high-risk PCa (2.4, 8.2, 17.5, 26.5%, p < 0.001). Plasma PSMA-positive EV concentration differed in patients with BPH, and low-, intermediate-, and high-risk PCa (21.9, 43.4, 49.2, 59.9 ng/mL, p < 0.001), and ROC curve analysis indicated that plasma PSMA-positive EV concentration differentiated PCa from BPH (AUC 0.943). Patients with lower plasma PSMA-positive EV concentration had greater prostate volume (50.2 vs. 33.4 cc, p < 0.001) and lower pathologic Gleason score (p = 0.025). During the median follow-up of 18 months, patients with lower plasma PSMA-positive EV concentration tended to have a lower risk of biochemical failure than those with higher levels of prostate-specific EVs (p = 0.085).
authors: Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|Catholic Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yong Hyun
authors: YH
authors: Park
authors: School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hyun Woo
authors: HW
authors: Shin
authors: Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|Catholic Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Ae Ryang
authors: AR
authors: Jung
authors: Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Oh Sung
authors: OS
authors: Kwon
authors: Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yeong-Jin
authors: YJ
authors: Choi
authors: School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jaesung
authors: J
authors: Park
authors: Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|Catholic Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Ji Youl
authors: JY
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019540:Area Under Curve; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D000067128:Extracellular Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D060149:Tetraspanin 30 / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C554586:CD63 protein, human; D060149:Tetraspanin 30; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen