title: Differentiating sibling species of Zeugodacus caudatus (Insecta: Tephritidae) by complete mitochondrial genome.
abstract: Zeugodacus caudatus is a pest of pumpkin flowers. It has a Palearctic and Oriental distribution. We report here the complete mitochondrial genome of the Malaysian and Indonesian samples of Z. caudatus determined by next-generation sequencing of genomic DNA and determine their taxonomic status as sibling species and phylogeny with other taxa of the genus Zeugodacus. The whole mitogenome of both samples possessed 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes-PCGs, 2 rRNA and 22 tRNA genes) and a control region. The mitogenome of the Indonesian sample (15,885 bp) was longer than that of the Malaysian sample (15,866 bp). In both samples, TΨC-loop was absent in trnF and DHU-loop was absent in trnS1. Molecular phylogeny based on 13 PCGs was concordant with 15 mitochondrial genes (13 PCGs and 2 rRNA genes), with the two samples of Z. caudatus forming a sister group and the genus Zeugodacus was monophyletic. The Malaysian and Indonesian samples of Z. caudatus have a genetic distance of p = 7.8 % based on 13 PCGs and p = 7.0 % based on 15 mitochondrial genes, indicating status of sibling species. They are proposed to be accorded specific status as members of a species complex.
authors: Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.|Chancellory High Impact Research, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Hoi-Sen
authors: HS
authors: Yong
authors: Chancellory High Impact Research, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. looi511@hotmail.com.
authors: Sze-Looi
authors: SL
authors: Song
authors: Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Phaik-Eem
authors: PE
authors: Lim
authors: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors: Praphathip
authors: P
authors: Eamsobhana
authors: Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Mataram University, Mataram, Indonesia.
authors: I Wayan
authors: IW
authors: Suana
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D040342:Genetic Structures; D014644:Genetic Variation; D059646:Genome Size; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D007214:Indonesia; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D010802:Phylogeny; D035781:Siblings; D033621:Tephritidae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*
keywords: Indonesia; Malaysia; Mitogenome; Sibling species; Zeugodacus caudatus