title: Clinical relevance of the utilization of vital Lugol's iodine staining in detection and diagnosis of oral cancer and dysplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to assess the clinical relevance of the utilization of vital Lugol's iodine staining in detection of oral cancer and dysplastic lesions as well as demarcation of the extent of these lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, cross-sectional, hospital-based study was performed in Khartoum Teaching Dental Hospital, Sudan. Suspicious oral epithelial lesions indicating incisional biopsy were stained with 10 % Lugol's iodine solution and were clinically designated as "negative" for dysplasia or neoplasia when no unstained lesion (USL) area was observed, or as "positive" when a USL area is observed. Incisional biopsies involving both the unstained portion and the stained portion were obtained and histologically evaluated for definitive diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-five biopsies were obtained from 28 patients. Histopathological examination of the specimens confirmed some degree of dysplasia or neoplasia in all clinically positive specimens with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) being the most common definitive diagnosis (17 patients, 60.7 %). Clinical relevance level of vital Lugol's iodine staining in detecting oral cancer and dysplasia was found to be 90.9 % (SE = 0.05, P = 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of this study showed that Lugol's iodine is an easy, safe, and effective method of visualizing oral epithelial lesions and differentiating epithelial carcinoma and dysplasia from other benign mucosal lesions. Despite certain limitations, its use is of great value in detection and diagnosis of oral cancer and dysplasia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lugol's iodine staining can effectively be used in detection of the dysplastic and malignant superficial lesions of the oral epithelium.
authors: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nile Medical College and National Ribat University, Khartoum, Sudan.
authors: Imad
authors: I
authors: Elimairi
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey. malialtay@hotmail.com.
authors: Mehmet Ali
authors: MA
authors: Altay
authors: Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan.
authors: Omer
authors: O
authors: Abdoun
authors: University of Medical Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.
authors: Amr
authors: A
authors: Elimairi
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
authors: Sinan
authors: S
authors: Tozoglu
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals/Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors: Dale A
authors: DA
authors: Baur
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals/Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors: Faisal
authors: F
authors: Quereshy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007454:Iodides; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013397:Sudan
chemical_list: D007454:Iodides; C010389:Lugol's solution
keywords: Dysplasia; Lugol’s iodine; Oral; Squamous cell carcinoma