title: Electromagnetic Fields and Stem Cell Fate: When Physics Meets Biology.
abstract: Controlling stem cell (SC) fate is an extremely important topic in the realm of SC research. A variety of different external cues mainly mechanical, chemical, or electrical stimulations individually or in combination have been incorporated to control SC fate. Here, we will deconstruct the probable relationship between the functioning of electromagnetic (EMF) and SC fate of a variety of different SCs. The electromagnetic (EM) nature of the cells is discussed with the emphasis on the effects of EMF on the determinant factors that directly and/or indirectly influence cell fate. Based on the EM effects on a variety of cellular processes, it is believed that EMFs can be engineered to provide a controlled signal with the highest impact on the SC fate decision. Considering the novelty and broad applications of applying EMFs to change SC fate, it is necessary to shed light on many unclear mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.
authors: Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Sara Hassanpour
authors: SH
authors: Tamrin
authors: Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors: Fatemeh Sadat
authors: FS
authors: Majedi
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
authors: Mahdi
authors: M
authors: Tondar
authors: BioMEMS and BioInspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N1N4. amir.sanatinezhad@ucalgary.ca.
authors: Amir
authors: A
authors: Sanati-Nezhad
authors: Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. Mahdi.hasani@gatech.edu.|Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience and G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA. Mahdi.hasani@gatech.edu.
authors: Mohammad Mahdi
authors: MM
authors: Hasani-Sadrabadi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014157:Transcription Factors
keywords: Differentiation; Electromagnetic field; Self-renewal; Stem cell fate; Stem cell niche