title: Advances in Controlled Drug Delivery for Treatment of Osteoporosis.
abstract: Osteoporosis, which is characterized by resorption of bone exceeding formation, remains a significant human health concern, and the impact of this condition will only increase with the "graying" of the worldwide population. This review focuses on current and emerging approaches for delivering therapeutic agents to restore bone remodeling homeostasis. Well-known antiresorptive and anabolic agents, such as estrogen, estrogen analogs, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone, along with newer modulators and antibodies, are primarily administered orally, intravenously, or subcutaneously. Although these treatments can be effective, continuing problems include patient noncompliance and adverse systemic or remote-site effects. Controlled drug delivery via polymeric, targeted, and active release systems extends drug half-life by shielding against premature degradation and improves bioavailability while also providing prolonged, sustained, or intermittent release at therapeutic doses to more effectively treat osteoporosis and associated fracture risk.
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 522A Robotics and Manufacturing Building, Lexington, KY, 40506-0108, USA.
authors: T A
authors: TA
authors: Asafo-Adjei
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 522A Robotics and Manufacturing Building, Lexington, KY, 40506-0108, USA.
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 522A Robotics and Manufacturing Building, Lexington, KY, 40506-0108, USA.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Najarzadeh
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 522A Robotics and Manufacturing Building, Lexington, KY, 40506-0108, USA. puleo@uky.edu.
authors: D A
authors: DA
authors: Puleo
mesh_terms: D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004967:Estrogens / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004164:Diphosphonates; D004967:Estrogens; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D002116:Calcitonin
keywords: Anabolic; Antiresorptive; Bone targeting; Controlled release; Drug delivery; Osteoporosis