title: Evaluation of the toxic potential of coffee wastewater on seeds, roots and meristematic cells of Lactuca sativa L.
abstract: Coffee wastewater (CWW) is an effluent produced through wet processing of coffee containing high concentration of organic matter, nutrients, salts and also agrochemicals. It is released directly into the argillaceous soil or into decantation tanks for later disposal into soils, by fertigation, subsurface infiltration or superficial draining. However, this practice is not followed by the monitoring the toxicity potential of this effluent. In this sense, the present work aimed to evaluate the phytotoxic, cytogenotoxic and mutagenic potential of CWW on seed germination, root elongation and cell cycle alterations in the plant model Lactuca sativa L. The effluent (CWW) collected was diluted in distilled water into six concentrations solutions (1.25%, 1.66%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 10%, 20%). A solution of raw CWW (100%) was also applied. Distilled water was used as negative control), and the DNA alkylating agent, metilmetano sulfonate (4×10(-4)M) as positive control. Physico-chemical parameters of the CWW was accessed and it was found that the effluent contained total phenols and inorganic matter in amounts within the limits established by the National Environment Council (CONAMA). Nevertheless, the biologicals assays performed demonstrated the phytotoxicity and cytogenotoxicty of CWW. Seed germination was totally inhibited after exposure of raw CWW. In addition, a decrease in seed germination speed as well as in root growth dose-dependently manner was noticed. Moreover, nuclear and chromosomal alterations were observed in the cell cycle, mostly arising from aneugenic action.
authors: Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias (CCA), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Campus Universitário, 28.360-000 Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
authors: Luara Louzada
authors: LL
authors: Aguiar
authors: Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Campus Universitário, 37.200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: lfandrade.vieira@gmail.com.
authors: Larissa Fonseca
authors: LF
authors: Andrade-Vieira
authors: Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias (CCA), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Campus Universitário, 28.360-000 Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
authors: José Augusto
authors: JA
authors: de Oliveira David
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D040503:Coffea; D003069:Coffee; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D019649:Food Industry; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects; D018545:Lactuca / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018519:Meristem / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D062065:Wastewater
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Aneugenicity; Genotoxicity; Mutagenicity; Plant bioassay; Root growth