title: Effects of High-cholesterol Diet on Pravastatin Disposition in the Perfused Rat Liver.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Various nutrients modulate the expression of transporters; however, the effect of a high-cholesterol (HC) diet on the expression and function of hepatic transporters remains unclear. Here, we examined the effects of an HC diet on drug disposition via hepatic transporters, including organic anion-transporting polypeptide (Oatp), multidrug resistance-associated protein (Mrp), and bile salt export pump (Bsep).
  
  
  METHODS
  In situ perfused rat liver system was performed. The levels of pravastatin, which is taken up into hepatocytes by Oatp and excreted into bile by Mrp2, in the perfusate and in bile were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pravastatin was rapidly eliminated in control and HC rats; however, the cumulative amounts of excreted in bile were significantly higher in HC rats than in controls possibly because of the enhanced bile flow in HC rats (0.93 ± 0.05 μL/min in control, and 1.22 ± 0.18 μL/min in HC). Real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot assessment of the mRNA and protein levels of hepatic transporters showed a significant downregulation of the Oatp1a1 and Bsep proteins in HC rats, whereas no differences in Mrp2 and Mrp3 levels were observed between HC and control rats. The analysis of the localization of Mrp2 on the canalicular membrane by immunofluorescence showed no changes in HC rats, although Mrp2 was readily internalized from the canalicular membrane under specific conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of the present study indicate that the HC diet affected the biliary excretion of pravastatin concomitant with increased bile flow, despite minimal effects on the expression of hepatic transporters. The HC diet could promote the biliary excretion of other drugs and metabolites that are substrates of Mrp2 and Bsep.
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan. kawase@phar.kindai.ac.jp.
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Kawase
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
authors: Ayumi
authors: A
authors: Handa
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
authors: Masahiro
authors: M
authors: Iwaki
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters / Q000378:metabolism; D017035:Pravastatin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D002784:Cholesterol; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters; D017035:Pravastatin; D012333:RNA, Messenger