title: HIV Testing Services in Africa: Are They Sustainable?
abstract: HIV testing services (HTS) are an essential component of a national response to the HIV epidemic, and in lower and middle income countries, at least 150 million persons are tested annually. HIV testing is necessary to identify persons in need of antiretroviral treatment, which has been documented to be highly effective not only for treatment but also for prevention of HIV transmission to both adults and children. An assessment of the recent literature on sustainability of health and HIV services suggests that organizational performance, flexibility, and integration with other health interventions contribute to sustainability of HIV services and programs. This article describes the experiences of two HIV testing service providers in Uganda and Zambia as well as the track record of services to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission to illustrate the factors of performance, flexibility, adaptability, and integration which are key to the sustainability of HIV testing services.
authors: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. emarum@cdc.gov.
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Marum
authors: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Lusaka, Zambia.
authors: Martha
authors: M
authors: Conkling
authors: Development Aid from People to People, Lusaka, Zambia.
authors: Jabez
authors: J
authors: Kanyanda
authors: AIDS Information Centre, Kampala, Uganda.
authors: Sheila Birungi
authors: SB
authors: Gandi
authors: Management Sciences for Health, Kampala, Uganda.
authors: Raymond
authors: R
authors: Byaruhanga
authors: CTS Global, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Gaborone, Botswana.
authors: Mary Grace
authors: MG
authors: Alwano
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000600:supply & distribution / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011247:Pregnancy; D016730:Program Development
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents
keywords: Africa; HIV testing services; HIV tests; Integration; Sustainability