title: Pharmacy density in rural and urban communities in the state of Oregon and the association with hospital readmission rates.
abstract: To characterize the pharmacy density in rural and urban communities with hospitals and to examine its association with readmission rates.
  
  
  
  Ecologic study.
  
  
  
  Forty-eight rural and urban primary care service areas (PCSAs) in the state of Oregon.
  
  
  
  All hospitals in the state of Oregon.
  
  
  
  Pharmacy data were obtained from the Oregon Board of Pharmacy based on active licensure. Pharmacy density was calculated by determining the cumulative number of outpatient pharmacy hours in a PCSA.
  
  
  
  Oregon hospital 30-day all-cause readmission rates were obtained from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and were determined with the use of claims data of patients 65 years of age or older who were readmitted to the hospital within 30 days from July 2012 to June 2013.
  
  
  
  Readmission rates for Oregon hospitals ranged from 13.5% to 16.5%. The cumulative number of pharmacy hours in PCSAs containing a hospital ranged from 54 to 3821 hours. As pharmacy density increased, the readmission rates decreased, asymptotically approaching a predicted 14.7% readmission rate for areas with high pharmacy density.
  
  
  
  Urban hospitals were in communities likely to have more pharmacy access compared with rural hospitals. Future research should determine if increasing pharmacy access affects readmission rates, especially in rural communities.
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Bissonnette
authors: Leah M
authors: LM
authors: Goeres
authors: David S H
authors: DS
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D009922:Oregon; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019035:Rural Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D019037:Urban Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000600:supply & distribution*