title: Toxicity of twenty-two plant essential oils against pathogenic bacteria of vegetables and mushrooms.
abstract: ASBTRACT Toxicity of twenty-two essential oils to three bacterial pathogens in different horticultural systems: Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (causing blight of bean), Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (bacterial wilt and canker of tomato), and Pseudomonas tolaasii (causal agent of bacterial brown blotch on cultivated mushrooms) was tested. Control of bacterial diseases is very difficult due to antibiotic resistance and ineffectiveness of chemical products, to that essential oils offer a promising alternative. Minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations are determined by applying a single drop of oil onto the inner side of each plate cover in macrodilution assays. Among all tested substances, the strongest and broadest activity was shown by the oils of wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens), oregano (Origanum vulgare), and lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus. Carvacrol (64.0-75.8%) was the dominant component of oregano oils, while geranial (40.7%) and neral (26.7%) were the major constituents of lemongrass oil. Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli was the most sensitive to plant essential oils, being susceptible to 19 oils, while 11 oils were bactericidal to the pathogen. Sixteen oils inhibited the growth of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and seven oils showed bactericidal effects to the pathogen. The least sensitive species was Pseudomonas tolaasii as five oils inhibited bacterial growth and two oils were bactericidal. Wintergreen, oregano, and lemongrass oils should be formulated as potential biochemical bactericides against different horticultural pathogens.
authors: a Laboratory of Applied Phytopathology, Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection , Belgrade-Zemun , Serbia.
authors: Biljana
authors: B
authors: Todorović
authors: a Laboratory of Applied Phytopathology, Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection , Belgrade-Zemun , Serbia.
authors: Ivana
authors: I
authors: Potočnik
authors: a Laboratory of Applied Phytopathology, Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection , Belgrade-Zemun , Serbia.
authors: Emil
authors: E
authors: Rekanović
authors: a Laboratory of Applied Phytopathology, Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection , Belgrade-Zemun , Serbia.
authors: Miloš
authors: M
authors: Stepanović
authors: b Institute for Medicinal Plant Research "Josif Pančić" , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors: Miroslav
authors: M
authors: Kostić
authors: b Institute for Medicinal Plant Research "Josif Pančić" , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors: Mihajlo
authors: M
authors: Ristić
authors: a Laboratory of Applied Phytopathology, Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection , Belgrade-Zemun , Serbia.
authors: Svetlana
authors: S
authors: Milijašević-Marčić
mesh_terms: D039903:Actinobacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000363:Agaricales; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D000081007:Cymenes; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D031341:Origanum / Q000737:chemistry; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D013729:Terpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D014675:Vegetables / Q000382:microbiology; D016959:Xanthomonas campestris / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000081007:Cymenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils; D013729:Terpenes; C052901:lemongrass oil; C073316:carvacrol; C007076:citral
keywords: Antibacterial activity; bean; cultivated mushroom; plant essential oil; tomato