title: Augmentation of T helper type 1 immune response through intestinal immunity in murine cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 infection by probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum strain 06CC2.
abstract: We previously found that Lactobacillus plantarum strain 06CC2 showed probiotic potential, and its oral administration effectively induced Th1 cytokine production and activated the Th1 immune response associated with intestinal immunity in mice. In this study, to evaluate its potential as a versatile oral adjuvant for treatment of viral infection, we assessed the immunomodulatory activity of 06CC2 on murine cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, in which a major immune defense system is a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction based on activation of the Th1 immune response, in relation to its oral efficacy for alleviation of herpetic symptoms. In the HSV-1 infection model, oral administration of 06CC2 (20mg/mouse) twice daily for seven days starting two days before infection was significantly effective in delaying the development of skin lesions in the early phase of infection and reducing virus yields in the brain on day 4 after infection. In addition, 06CC2 significantly augmented the DTH reaction to inactivated HSV-1 antigen and elevated interferon (IFN)-γ production by HSV-1 antigen from splenocytes. On day 2, natural killer (NK) cell activity was significantly elevated, and the elevation was still observed on day 4. Furthermore, gene expressions of interleukin-12 receptor β2 and IFN-γ in Peyer's patches were augmented on day 4 by 06CC2 administration. Thus, 06CC2 was suggested to alleviate herpetic symptoms in mice in correlation with augmentation of the Th1 immune responses associated with NK cell activity through intestinal immunity. Strain 06CC2 may be a versatile oral adjuvant to activate Th1 immune response.
authors: Research Division, Minami Nihon Rakuno Kyodo Co., Ltd., 5282 Takagi, Miyakonojo, Miyazaki 885-0003, Japan.
authors: Tatsuya
authors: T
authors: Matsusaki
authors: Research Division, Minami Nihon Rakuno Kyodo Co., Ltd., 5282 Takagi, Miyakonojo, Miyazaki 885-0003, Japan; Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan.
authors: Shiro
authors: S
authors: Takeda
authors: Research Division, Minami Nihon Rakuno Kyodo Co., Ltd., 5282 Takagi, Miyakonojo, Miyazaki 885-0003, Japan.
authors: Masahiko
authors: M
authors: Takeshita
authors: Research Division, Minami Nihon Rakuno Kyodo Co., Ltd., 5282 Takagi, Miyakonojo, Miyazaki 885-0003, Japan.
authors: Yuo
authors: Y
authors: Arima
authors: School of Industrial Technology, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar 15160, Mongolia.
authors: Chuluunbat
authors: C
authors: Tsend-Ayush
authors: Mongolian Biotechnology Association, Ulaanbaatar 15160, Mongolia.
authors: Tsendesuren
authors: T
authors: Oyunsuren
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, 1714-1 Yoshino, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-8508, Japan.
authors: Chihiro
authors: C
authors: Sugita
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, 1714-1 Yoshino, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-8508, Japan.
authors: Hiroki
authors: H
authors: Yoshida
authors: Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, 1714-1 Yoshino, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-8508, Japan.
authors: Wataru
authors: W
authors: Watanabe
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, 1714-1 Yoshino, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-8508, Japan. Electronic address: b2mk@phoenix.ac.jp.
authors: Masahiko
authors: M
authors: Kurokawa
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D048191:Lactiplantibacillus plantarum / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D023421:Models, Animal; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053707:Receptors, Interleukin-12 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D053707:Receptors, Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: DTH; HSV; NK cell activity; Peyer's patches; Probiotics; Th1 immunity