title: GLUT2 proteins and PPARγ transcripts levels are increased in liver of ovariectomized rats: reversal effects of resistance training.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the effects of ovariectomy (Ovx) and 12 weeks of resistance training (RT) on gene expression of GLUT2, the main glucose transporter in the liver, and on PPARγ, a transcription factor known to target GLUT2 expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty Holtzman rats were divided into 5 groups: Sham-sedentary (Sed), Sham- RT, Ovx-Sed, Ovx-RT, and Ovx-Sed with hormone replacement (E2). The RT protocol consisted of sessions held every 72 h for 12 weeks, during which the animals performed 4 to 9 vertical climbs (1.1 m) at 2 min intervals with progressively heavier weights (30 g after the fourth climb) tied to the tail. The E2 silastic capsule was inserted into the rats' backs 48 hours before the first RT session.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In addition to liver fat, GLUT2 protein levels and PPARγ transcripts were increased (P < 0.05) in Ovx compared to Sham-Sed animals, suggesting increased hepatic glucose uptake under estrogen deficient conditions. RT and E2 in Ovx rats decreased liver fat accumulation as well as GLUT2 and PPARγ gene expression to the level of Sham- Sed animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that liver GLUT2 as well as PPARγ expression in Ovx rats are accompanied by increased fat accumulation and glucose uptake, thus providing a substrate for increased de novo lipogenesis. RT appears to be an appropriate exercise model to circumvent these effects.
authors: Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP Brazil.
authors: Luciane M
authors: LM
authors: Tomaz
authors: Department of Education and Health, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, SE Brazil.
authors: Marina R
authors: MR
authors: Barbosa
authors: Department of Kinesiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada.
authors: Zahra
authors: Z
authors: Farahnak
authors: Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP Brazil.
authors: Cristiani G
authors: CG
authors: Lagoeiro
authors: Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP Brazil.
authors: Natalia S S
authors: NS
authors: Magosso
authors: Department of Kinesiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada.
authors: Jean-Marc
authors: JM
authors: Lavoie
authors: Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP Brazil.
authors: Sérgio E A
authors: SE
authors: Perez
keywords: Exercise and Glucose; Hepatic glycogen; Liver fat; PEPCK