title: Psychometric Testing of the Chinese-Version Glover-Nilsson Smoking Behavioral Questionnaire (GN-SBQ-C) for the Identification of Nicotine Dependence in Adult Smokers in Taiwan.
abstract: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the psychometric properties, reliability, and validity of the Chinese-version Glover-Nilsson Smoking Behavioral Questionnaire (GN-SBQ-C) and assess the behavioral nicotine dependence among community-dwelling adult smokers in Taiwan.
  
  
  
  The methods used were survey design, administration, and validation. A total of 202 adult smokers completed a survey to assess behavioral dependence, nicotine dependence, depression, social support, and demographic and smoking characteristics. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, internal consistency reliability, t test, exploratory factor analysis, independent t test, and Pearson product moment correlation.
  
  
  
  The results showed that (1) the GN-SBQ-C has good internal consistency reliability and stability (2-week test-retest reliability); (2) the extracted one factor explained 41.80 % of the variance, indicating construct validity; (3) the scale has acceptable concurrent validity, with significant positive correlation between the GN-SBQ-C and nicotine dependence, depression, and time smoking and negative correlation between the GN-SBQ-C and age and exercise habit; and (4) the instrument has discriminant validity, supported by significant differences between those with high and low-to-moderate nicotine dependence, smokers greater than 43 years old and those 43 years old and younger, and those who smoked 10 years or less and those smoking more than 10 years.
  
  
  
  The 11-item GN-SBQ-C has satisfactory psychometric properties when applied in a sample of Taiwanese adult smokers. The scale is feasible and valid to use to assess smoking behavioral dependence.
authors: Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Shin Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
authors: Shu-Ching
authors: SC
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors: Hsiu-Fang
authors: HF
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Nursing, Cardinal Tien Junior College of Healthcare and Management, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Hsi-Ling
authors: HL
authors: Peng
authors: Department of Nursing, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan and School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Li-Yun
authors: LY
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Shin Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
authors: Ting-Yu
authors: TY
authors: Chiang
authors: Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Shin Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan. shuching@gw.cgust.edu.tw.
authors: Hui-Chuan
authors: HC
authors: Chiu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D015444:Exercise; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013624:Taiwan; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis*
keywords: Dependence; Glover-Nilsson Smoking Behavioral Questionnaire; Psychometric testing; Reliability; Smoking behavior; Validity