title: The effect of proanthocyanidin on formaldehyde-induced toxicity in rat testes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the effect of proanthocyanidin (PA) against formaldehyde (FA)-induced lipid peroxidation damage and morphological changes in rat testes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one Wistar albino rats were randomized into 3 groups: control, FA, and FA + PA groups. Plasma and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and total sialic acid (TSA) levels were measured. Testes tissues were observed by light and electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TSA (plasma and tissue) levels decreased and MDA (plasma) significantly increased (P < 0.05) in rats treated with FA compared to the controls. Tissue MDA levels were not significantly different. Several necrotic changes were observed in testes tissues by light and electron microscopy. Disordering in epithelia of seminiferous tubules, vacuolization between germinal epithelium cells, and separated basement membranes were observed by light microscope. Immunopositivity in Leydig cells decreased in the FA group (P < 0.05). In the FA + PA group there were more immune Leydig cells reacting immune-positively than in the FA group (P < 0.05). Ultrastructurally, FA also caused disorganization and loss of mitochondrial cristae, and dilatation in endoplasmic reticulum in testes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that PA has a protective effect on FA toxicity in testes.
authors: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
authors: Enis
authors: E
authors: Uluçam
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
authors: Elvan
authors: E
authors: Bakar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005557:Formaldehyde; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013737:Testis
chemical_list: D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D005557:Formaldehyde
keywords: Formaldehyde toxicity; malondialdehyde; proanthocyanidin; sialic acid; testis