title: The effects of air pollution on human mortality: does gender difference matter in African countries?
abstract: The relationship between environmental factors and human health has long been a concern among academic researchers. We use two indicators of environmental pollution, namely particulate matter (PM10) and carbon dioxide (CO2) to examine the effects of poor air quality on human mortality. This study explores an issue that has largely been ignored, particularly in the African literature, where the effect of air pollution on human mortality could be influenced by gender specification. We analyse a panel data from 35 African countries and our result suggests that the elevated levels of PM10and CO2have a significant effect on the increasing mortality rates in infants, under-five children and adults. Although the effect of poor air quality on adults is found to differ between genders, such difference is not statistically significant. We conclude that the air pollution effects, on average, are similar between genders in the African countries.
authors: Department of Economics, Faculty of Arts, Social and Management Sciences, Adamawa State University, Mubi, Nigeria.
authors: Alhaji Jibrilla
authors: AJ
authors: Aliyu
authors: Institute of Agricultural and Food Policy Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. nwi@upm.edu.my.|Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics & Management, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. nwi@upm.edu.my.
authors: Normaz Wana
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0865-256X
authors: NW
authors: Ismail
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D000367:Age Factors; D000397:Air Pollution; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D052638:Particulate Matter; D002245:Carbon Dioxide
keywords: Air pollution; Equality; GMM; Gender; Health; Mortality