title: The synergistic effect between vanillin and doxorubicin in ehrlich ascites carcinoma solid tumor and MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line.
abstract: Despite the remarkable anti-tumor activity of doxorubicin (DOX), its clinical application is limited due to multiple organ toxicities. Products with less side effects are therefore highly requested. The current study investigated the anti-cancer activities of vanillin against breast cancer and possible synergistic potentiation of DOX chemotherapeutic effects by vanillin. Vanillin (100mg/kg), DOX (2mg/kg) and their combination were administered i.p. to solid Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice for 21days. MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line was treated with vanillin (1 and 2mM), DOX (100μM) or their combination. Protection against DOX-induced nephrotoxicity was studied in rats that received vanillin (100mg/kg, ip) for 10days with a single dose of DOX (15mg/kg) on day 6. Vanillin exerted anticancer effects comparable to DOX and synergesticlly potentiated DOX anticancer effects both in-vivo and in-vitro. The anticancer potency of vanillin in-vivo was mediated via apoptosis and antioxidant capacity. It also offered an in-vitro growth inhibitory effect and cytotoxicity mediated by apoptosis (increased caspase-9 and Bax:Bcl-2 ratio) along with anti-metasasis effect. Vanillin protected against DOX-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. In conclusion, vanillin can be a potential lead molecule for the development of non-toxic agents for the treatment of breast cancer either alone or combined with DOX.
authors: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
authors: Nehal M
authors: NM
authors: Elsherbiny
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
authors: Nahla N
authors: NN
authors: Younis
authors: Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
authors: Mohamed A
authors: MA
authors: Shaheen
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt. Electronic address: mmelseweidy@zu.edu.eg.
authors: Mohamed M
authors: MM
authors: Elseweidy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001547:Benzaldehydes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002286:Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D051379:Mice; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001547:Benzaldehydes; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D004317:Doxorubicin; C100058:vanillin; D053453:Caspase 9
keywords: Apoptosis; Doxorubicin; Ehrlich ascites carcinoma model; MCF-7; Vanillin