title: Mosquito Capture Rate Using CO2-Baited Traps in Relation to Distance From Water and Height: Implications for Avian Disease Transmission.
abstract: Accumulating evidence suggests that enzootic transmission of pathogens such as West Nile virus (WNV) by mosquitoes is governed by host-bird interactions, including mosquito preferences for specific species and developmental stages of host birds, host bird availability, and host defensive behavior. Here, we examined how the attack rate of five mosquito species in southern California was influenced by the position of CO2-baited traps in relation to distance from water and trap height. We identified 44,207 female mosquitoes representing five species: Aedes vexans Meigen, Anopheles franciscanus McCracken, Anopheles hermsi Barr & Guptavanij, and the two most abundant species which are also WNV vectors, Culex erythrothorax Dyar and Culex tarsalis Coquillett. Mosquito captures decreased markedly with trap height, and also decreased with distance from a riparian area but not with distance from an open water source lacking a vegetated border. The results of this study suggest that WNV-competent ornithophilic mosquitoes may amplify the virus especially in reservoir birds that roost or nest close to the ground and near riparian vegetation.
authors: Department of Earth and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350 (oeshun@llu.edu; whayes@llu.edu) oeshun@llu.edu.
authors: Oliver
authors: O
authors: Eshun
authors: Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 (alec.gerry@ucr.edu).
authors: Alec
authors: A
authors: Gerry
authors: Department of Earth and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350 (oeshun@llu.edu; whayes@llu.edu).
authors: William K
authors: WK
authors: Hayes
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000502:physiology*; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000635:transmission*; D002140:California; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D003465:Culex / Q000502:physiology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000502:physiology*; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D013045:Species Specificity; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide
keywords: Diptera; arbovirus; attack rate; carbon dioxide; wetlands