title: Precise and Accurate Measurements of Strong-Field Photoionization and a Transferable Laser Intensity Calibration Standard.
abstract: Ionization of atoms and molecules in strong laser fields is a fundamental process in many fields of research, especially in the emerging field of attosecond science. So far, demonstrably accurate data have only been acquired for atomic hydrogen (H), a species that is accessible to few investigators. Here, we present measurements of the ionization yield for argon, krypton, and xenon with percent-level accuracy, calibrated using H, in a laser regime widely used in attosecond science. We derive a transferable calibration standard for laser peak intensity, accurate to 1.3%, that is based on a simple reference curve. In addition, our measurements provide a much needed benchmark for testing models of ionization in noble-gas atoms, such as the widely employed single-active electron approximation.
authors: ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.|Australian Attosecond Science Facility and Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
authors: W C
authors: WC
authors: Wallace
authors: ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.|Australian Attosecond Science Facility and Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Ghafur
authors: ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.|Australian Attosecond Science Facility and Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Khurmi
authors: ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.|Australian Attosecond Science Facility and Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
authors: Satya
authors: S
authors: Sainadh U
authors: ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.|Australian Attosecond Science Facility and Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Calvert
authors: ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.|Australian Attosecond Science Facility and Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
authors: D E
authors: DE
authors: Laban
authors: ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.|Australian Attosecond Science Facility and Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
authors: M G
authors: MG
authors: Pullen
authors: ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.|Australian Attosecond Science Facility and Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.|Department of Physics and Astronomy, Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa 50311, USA.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Bartschat
authors: Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
authors: A N
authors: AN
authors: Grum-Grzhimailo
authors: ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Wells
authors: ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors: H M
authors: HM
authors: Quiney
authors: Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, and Center for Computational Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.
authors: X M
authors: XM
authors: Tong
authors: Australian Attosecond Science Facility and Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
authors: I V
authors: IV
authors: Litvinyuk
authors: ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.|Australian Attosecond Science Facility and Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
authors: R T
authors: RT
authors: Sang
authors: ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.|Australian Attosecond Science Facility and Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Kielpinski