title: Osteogenic cell response to calcium aluminate-based cement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of a calcium aluminate-based cement (CAC+) on the development of the osteogenic phenotype in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat calvaria-derived cells were grown on Thermanox®coverslips for 24 h and then exposed to either samples (4-h set) of CAC+ or mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) placed on Transwell®inserts for periods of up to 14 days. Nonexposed cultures were used as the controls. The comparisons were made using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc test when appropriate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that proximity to MTA or CAC+ samples inhibited cell growth, whereas at a distance, viable and proliferative cells adhered to and spread on the Thermanox®, expressing osteoblast differentiation markers prior to mineralization of the extracellular matrix. Compared with MTA, the osteogenic cell cultures exposed to CAC+ exhibited significantly greater cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and expression of runt-related transcription factor 2, osterix, ALP, bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin (P < 0.05 for all). For the osteogenic cell cultures exposed to CAC+, the quantification of matrix mineralization was not altered (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CAC+ supported the acquisition of the osteogenic cell phenotype in vitro, rendering this novel material a potential alternative to MTA in endodontic procedures. Further in vivo studies are needed to verify if the beneficial in vitro effects of CAC+ on osteoblastic cells correspond to an increase and/or acceleration of bone repair in the periapical region.
authors: School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.|School of Dentistry, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors: L M S
authors: LMS
authors: Castro-Raucci
authors: School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.|Department of Oral Pathology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors: L N
authors: LN
authors: Teixeira
authors: Institute for Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors: I R
authors: IR
authors: Oliveira
authors: School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.|School of Dentistry, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Raucci-Neto
authors: Endodontics Private Practitioner, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Jacobovitz
authors: School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors: A L
authors: AL
authors: Rosa
authors: School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors: P T
authors: PT
authors: de Oliveira
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017640:Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003738:Dental Cements; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C035219:calcium aluminate
keywords: calcium aluminate cement; cell differentiation; gene expression; mineral trioxide aggregate; osteoblasts; root canal filling materials