title: Prevalence of Pre-Diabetes and Its Associated Risk Factors in Rural Areas of Ningbo, China.
abstract: The aims of the study were to investigate the prevalence of pre-diabetes and explore its associated risk factors in rural areas of Ningbo, China.
  
  
  
  A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 4583 adult residents in rural areas of Ningbo, China between March and May 2013. The survey used a multi-stage, stratified, cluster sampling method. Data collected included demographics and medical history, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, blood lipid, and plasma glucose. After at least 10 h of overnight fasting, participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to identify pre-diabetes. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the associated risk factors for pre-diabetes, and to estimate the effect of interaction between the factors.
  
  
  
  There were 1307 survey participants having pre-diabetes (28.52%) and the age-standardized prevalence was 30.53%. Multivariate logistic regression results showed that overweight/obesity, hypertension, and higher triglycerides were the risk factors for developing pre-diabetes. There were positive interactions between overweight/obesity and triglycerides, and also between hypertension and triglycerides on the multiplicative scale, suggesting that they synergistically influenced the development of pre-diabetes.
  
  
  
  The rural areas in Ningbo had a high prevalence of pre-diabetes. Overweight and obesity, hypertension, and elevated triglycerides were the major risk factors. There is a need of early intervention for preventing pre-diabetes.
authors: Runliang Diabetes Laboratory, Diabetes Research Center, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, 315211 Ningbo, China. 1411101261@nbu.edu.cn.
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Zhao
authors: Yinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 315211 Ningbo, China. lin673160@163.com.
authors: Hongbo
authors: H
authors: Lin
authors: Runliang Diabetes Laboratory, Diabetes Research Center, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, 315211 Ningbo, China. 1511101190@nbu.edu.cn.
authors: Yanyan
authors: Y
authors: Yuan
authors: Runliang Diabetes Laboratory, Diabetes Research Center, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, 315211 Ningbo, China. wangfuyan@nbu.edu.cn.
authors: Fuyan
authors: F
authors: Wang
authors: Runliang Diabetes Laboratory, Diabetes Research Center, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, 315211 Ningbo, China. xiyang@nbu.edu.cn.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Xi
authors: Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, University of Tongji, 200240 Shanghai, China. liming.wen@sydney.edu.au.|School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, 2006 Sydney, Australia. liming.wen@sydney.edu.au.
authors: Li Ming
authors: LM
authors: Wen
authors: Yinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 315211 Ningbo, China. shen-peng@foxmail.com.
authors: Peng
authors: P
authors: Shen
authors: Runliang Diabetes Laboratory, Diabetes Research Center, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, 315211 Ningbo, China. bushizhong@nbu.edu.cn.
authors: Shizhong
authors: S
authors: Bu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D050177:Overweight; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: interaction; pre-diabetes; prevalence; risk factor; rural area