title: Phenolic Compounds of Pomegranate Byproducts (Outer Skin, Mesocarp, Divider Membrane) and Their Antioxidant Activities.
abstract: Pomegranate peel was separated into outer leathery skin (PS), mesocarp (PM), and divider membrane (PD), and its phenolic compounds were extracted as free (F), esterified (E), and insoluble-bound (B) forms for the first time. The total phenolic content followed the order PD > PM > PS. ABTS(•+), DPPH, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and metal chelation were evaluated. In addition, pomegranate peel extracts showed inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase activity, lipase activity, and cupric ion-induced LDL-cholesterol oxidation as well as peroxyl and hydroxyl radical-induced DNA scission. Seventy-nine phenolic compounds were identified using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n) mainly in the form of insoluble-bound. Thirty compounds were identified for the first time. Gallic acid was the major phenolic compound in pomegranate peel, whereas kaempferol 3-O-glucoside was the major flavonoid. Moreover, ellagic acid and monogalloyl-hexoside were the major hydrolyzable tannins, whereas the dominant proanthocyanidin was procyanidin dimers. Proanthocyanidins were detected for the first time.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X9.
authors: Priyatharini
authors: P
authors: Ambigaipalan
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X9.|Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food & Nutrition, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo , Av. Pádua Dias 11, P.O. Box 9, CEP 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Adriano Costa
authors: AC
authors: de Camargo
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X9.
authors: Fereidoon
authors: F
authors: Shahidi
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D029561:Lythraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014866:Waste Products
keywords: antioxidant activity; divider membrane; insoluble-bound; mesocarp; outer skin; phenolic compounds; pomegranate