title: Non-invasive Brain Stimulation, a Tool to Revert Maladaptive Plasticity in Neuropathic Pain.
abstract: Neuromodulatory effects of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) have been extensively studied in chronic pain. A hypothetic mechanism of action would be to prevent or revert the ongoing maladaptive plasticity within the pain matrix. In this review, the authors discuss the mechanisms underlying the development of maladaptive plasticity in patients with chronic pain and the putative mechanisms of NIBS in modulating synaptic plasticity in neuropathic pain conditions.
authors: IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo" Messina, Italy.
authors: Antonino
authors: A
authors: Naro
authors: IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo"Messina, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of MessinaMessina, Italy.
authors: Demetrio
authors: D
authors: Milardi
authors: IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo" Messina, Italy.
authors: Margherita
authors: M
authors: Russo
authors: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Messina, Italy.
authors: Carmen
authors: C
authors: Terranova
authors: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Messina, Italy.
authors: Vincenzo
authors: V
authors: Rizzo
authors: IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo"Messina, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of MessinaMessina, Italy.
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Cacciola
authors: IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo" Messina, Italy.
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Marino
authors: IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo" Messina, Italy.
authors: Rocco S
authors: RS
authors: Calabro
authors: IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo"Messina, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of MessinaMessina, Italy.
authors: Angelo
authors: A
authors: Quartarone
keywords: NIBS; TMS; neuropathic pain; plasticity; tDCS