title: Pharmacological screening of Monotheca buxifolia (Falc.) A. DC. for antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Medicinal plants have proven their importance as a valuable source of molecules with therapeutic potential. Monotheca buxifolia (Falc.) A. DC. (family: Sapotaceae) is traditionally used as a hematinic, laxative, digestive, anthelmintic, antipyretic, and in the treatment of gastro-urinary disorders. To provide scientific evidence for its folkloric use, the present study investigated Monotheca buxifolia fruit hydro-ethanolic extract (MBHE) for its prospective antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities. MBHE was eluted through column chromatography to isolate the bioactive secondary metabolites which may probably involve in its beneficial properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  The phytochemical constituents in MBHE was elucidated using UV, IR, (1)H-NMR, (13)C NMR, 2D-NMR spectra in combination with EIMS and FAB-MS spectrometric techniques and comparison with literature data of related compounds. The antinociceptive activity of MBHE was evaluated in the acetic acid induced abdominal constriction assay; the anti-inflammatory potential was assessed in the carrageenan induced paw edema, while the antipyretic effect was tested against brewer's yeast induced pyrexia in BALB/c mice at doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Elution of MBHE along with various characterization techniques led to the isolation of oleanolic acid and isoquercetin. Significant attenuation of chemical induced nociception was observed with MBHE at tested doses of 50 mg/kg (P < 0.01, 68.87 %), 100 mg/kg (P < 0.01, 68.87 %) and 150 mg/kg (P < 0.001, 83.02 %). During a duration of 1-5 h in the carrageenan induced paw edema assay, significant ameliorative effect (P < 0.01, P < 0.001) was demonstrated by MBHE at 50 mg/kg (22.94-20 %), 100 mg/kg (33.23-21.13 %) and 150 mg/kg (38.23-25 %). MBHE also significantly alleviated the brewer's yeast induced pyrexic response when tested at doses of 50 mg/kg (P < 0.05 in 2nd h), 100 mg/kg (P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 in 1-5 h) and 150 mg/kg (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 in 1-5 h).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that Monotheca buxifolia possess pain, inflammation and pyrexia ameliorating properties, probably mediated by the presence of oleanolic acid and isoquercetin contents, though the involvement of other important phytochemicals constituents cannot be ignored.
authors: Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan. irfanullah@upesh.edu.pk.|Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan. irfanullah@upesh.edu.pk.
authors: Irfan
authors: I
authors: Ullah
authors: Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan. jamshaidkhan@upesh.edu.pk.
authors: Jamshaid Ali
authors: JA
authors: Khan
authors: Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
authors: Muhammad
authors: M
authors: Shahid
authors: Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
authors: Ajmal
authors: A
authors: Khan
authors: HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors: Achyut
authors: A
authors: Adhikari
authors: Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
authors: Peer Abdul
authors: PA
authors: Hannan
authors: Department of Chemistry, SBA School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors: Ibrahim
authors: I
authors: Javed
authors: Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
authors: Faisal
authors: F
authors: Shakeel
authors: Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
authors: Umar
authors: U
authors: Farooq
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058633:Antipyretics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D059408:Pain Management; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029632:Sapotaceae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D058633:Antipyretics; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Inflammation; Isoquercetin; Oleanolic acid; Pain; Pyrexia; Sapotaceae