title: A feasibility study of pelvic morphology for curved implants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesize that inserting a curved intramedullary internal fixation device which follows curved osseous fixation paths (OFPs) would be more versatile and mechanically stronger than straight screws for fixation of pelvic ring and acetabular injuries. This study characterizes the dimensions of curved OFPs of the pelvic ring and acetabulum and suggests design parameters for such a curved device.
  
  
  METHODS
  CT scans of intact pelves of 50 female and 50 male subjects were studied using MIM Maestro™ and Solidworks™ to determine the constriction points (smallest cross sections) and the tightest radii of curvature (RoC) in the anterior column, posterior column, iliosacral and pubic symphysis OFPs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The constriction point diameters for the superior pubic ramus and supra-acetabular areas were 13±3mm and 12±3mm, respectively. The anterior column RoC was greater than 65mm in all cases. The minimum observed RoC for the path from one ilium, across the SI joint, the sacrum and to the other ilium was 71mm, with 99% of the cases having a RoC of at least 80mm, in both the inlet and outlet views.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that if a flexible implant which could be stiffened once in place was available, it would enable the use of larger and longer fixation taking advantage of the pelvis's curved intracortical spaces. Even for dysmorphic pelves, accessible tunnels support a long, strong, curved fixation device.
authors: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medical Physics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors: Roja
authors: R
authors: Zakariaee
authors: BC Cancer Agency Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors: Colin L
authors: CL
authors: Schlosser
authors: Kinetic Research & Design, Inc., Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; CurvaFix LLC, Redmond, WA, USA.
authors: Daniel R
authors: DR
authors: Baker
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; CurvaFix LLC, Redmond, WA, USA. Electronic address: drbobmeek@gmail.com.
authors: Robert N
authors: RN
authors: Meek
authors: BC Cancer Agency Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors: Robin J N
authors: RJN
authors: Coope
mesh_terms: D001863:Bone Screws; D004867:Equipment Design / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D016268:Internal Fixators; D008297:Male; D010384:Pelvic Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D012016:Reference Values; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: Fixation; Morphology; OFP; Pelvic Ring; Pelvis