title: Development and validation of a risk model for in-hospital worsening heart failure from the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A subset of patients hospitalized with acute heart failure experiences in-hospital worsening heart failure, defined as persistent or worsening signs or symptoms requiring an escalation of therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE) linked to Medicare claims to develop and validate a risk model for in-hospital worsening heart failure. Our definition of in-hospital worsening heart failure included events such as escalation of medical therapy (eg, inotropic medications) >12hours after admission. We considered candidate risk prediction variables routinely assessed at admission, including age, medical history, biomarkers, and renal function. We used logistic regression with robust standard errors to generate a risk model in a 66% random derivation sample; we validated the model in the remaining 34%. We evaluated the calibration and discrimination of the model in both samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We evaluated 23,696 patients hospitalized with acute heart failure. Baseline characteristics were well matched in the derivation and validation samples, and the occurrence of in-hospital worsening heart failure was similar in both samples (15.4% and 15.6%, respectively). In the multivariable model, the strongest predictors of in-hospital worsening heart failure were increased troponin and creatinine. The model was well calibrated and had good discrimination in the derivation sample (c statistic, 0.74) and validation sample (c statistic, 0.72).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ADHERE worsening heart failure risk model is a clinical tool with good discrimination for use in patients hospitalized with acute heart failure to identify those at increased risk for in-hospital worsening heart failure. This tool may be useful to target treatment strategies for patients at high risk for in-hospital worsening heart failure.
authors: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC. Electronic address: adam.devore@duke.edu.
authors: Adam D
authors: AD
authors: DeVore
authors: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.
authors: Melissa A
authors: MA
authors: Greiner
authors: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ.
authors: Puza P
authors: PP
authors: Sharma
authors: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.
authors: Laura G
authors: LG
authors: Qualls
authors: Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
authors: Phillip J
authors: PJ
authors: Schulte
authors: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.
authors: Lauren B
authors: LB
authors: Cooper
authors: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.
authors: Robert J
authors: RJ
authors: Mentz
authors: Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.
authors: Peter S
authors: PS
authors: Pang
authors: Ahmanson-UCLA Cardiomyopathy Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA.
authors: Gregg C
authors: GC
authors: Fonarow
authors: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.
authors: Lesley H
authors: LH
authors: Curtis
authors: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.
authors: Adrian F
authors: AF
authors: Hernandez
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D006278:Medicare; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013318:Stroke Volume; D014336:Troponin / Q000097:blood*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014336:Troponin; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D003404:Creatinine