title: Analysis of Rhizome Development in Oryza longistaminata, a Wild Rice Species.
abstract: Vegetative reproduction is a form of asexual propagation in plants. A wide range of plants develop rhizomes, modified stems that grow underground horizontally, as a means of vegetative reproduction. In rhizomatous species, despite their distinct developmental patterns, both rhizomes and aerial shoots derive from axillary buds. Therefore, it is of interest to understand the basis of rhizome initiation and development. Oryza longistaminata, a wild rice species, develops rhizomes. We analyzed bud initiation and growth of O. longistaminata rhizomes using various methods of morphological observation. We show that, unlike aerial shoot buds that contain a few leaves only, rhizome buds initiate several leaves and bend to grow at right angles to the original rhizome. Rhizomes are maintained in the juvenile phase irrespective of the developmental phase of the aerial shoot. Stem elongation and reproductive transition are tightly linked in the aerial shoots, but are uncoupled in the rhizome. Our findings indicate that developmental programs operate independently in the rhizomes and aerial shoots. Temporal modification of the developmental pathways that are common to rhizomes and aerial shoots may be the source of developmental plasticity. Furthermore, the creation of new developmental systems appears to be necessary for rhizome development.
authors: CREST, Strategic Basic Research Program, JST, Tokyo, 102-0076 Japan.|Tohoku University, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, 980-8577 Japan.|present address: RIKEN, Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045 Japan.
authors: Akiko
authors: A
authors: Yoshida
authors: University of Tsukuba, Institute of Applied Physics, Tsukuba, 305-8573 Japan.
authors: Yasuhiko
authors: Y
authors: Terada
authors: CREST, Strategic Basic Research Program, JST, Tokyo, 102-0076 Japan.|Tohoku University, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, 980-8577 Japan.
authors: Taiyo
authors: T
authors: Toriba
authors: University of Tsukuba, Institute of Applied Physics, Tsukuba, 305-8573 Japan.
authors: Katsumi
authors: K
authors: Kose
authors: CREST, Strategic Basic Research Program, JST, Tokyo, 102-0076 Japan.|Nagoya University, Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan.
authors: Motoyuki
authors: M
authors: Ashikari
authors: CREST, Strategic Basic Research Program, JST, Tokyo, 102-0076 Japan junko.kyozuka.e4@tohoku.ac.jp.|Tohoku University, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, 980-8577 Japan.
authors: Junko
authors: J
authors: Kyozuka
mesh_terms: D008027:Light; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D012275:Oryza / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019441:Plant Epidermis / Q000166:cytology / Q000528:radiation effects; D012098:Reproduction / Q000528:radiation effects; D027343:Rhizome / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure
keywords: 
  Oryza longistaminata
  ; Axillary bud; Rhizome; Stem elongation; Vegetative reproduction