title: Role of endoscopic ultrasound in diagnosis and management of hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive tumor and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. The mortality rate remains high despite many advances in treatment. HCC is frequently diagnosed late in its course due to lack of classical symptoms at earlier stages. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has emerged as an important diagnostic tool for the diagnostic evaluation, staging, and treatment of gastrointestinal tract disorders. EUS-guided fine needle aspiration has been a valuable addition to EUS by being able to obtain tissue under direct visualization. Here, we review the potential role of EUS in the diagnosis and management of HCC. EUS seems to be a safe and reliable alternative method for obtaining tissue for diagnosis of liver cancer, especially for lesions that are inaccessible by traditional methods. EUS could play an important role in the diagnosis and management of HCC.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors: Pramoda
authors: P
authors: Koduru
authors: Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Fukushima University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
authors: Rei
authors: R
authors: Suzuki
authors: Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India.
authors: Sundeep
authors: S
authors: Lakhtakia
authors: Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India.
authors: Mohan
authors: M
authors: Ramchandani
authors: University of Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors: Dadang
authors: D
authors: Makmun
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors: Manoop S
authors: MS
authors: Bhutani
keywords: endoscopic ultrasound; fine needle aspiration; hepatocellular carcinoma; hepatoma