title: Long-Term Mental Health Problems After Delirium in the ICU.
abstract: To determine whether delirium during ICU stay is associated with long-term mental health problems defined as symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder.
  
  
  
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  
  Survey study, 1 year after discharge from a medical-surgical ICU in the Netherlands.
  
  
  
  One-year ICU survivors of an ICU admission lasting more than 48 hours, without a neurologic disorder or other condition that would impede delirium assessment during ICU stay.
  
  
  
  None.
  
  
  
  One year after discharge, ICU survivors received a survey containing the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale with a subscale for symptoms of depression and a subscale for symptoms of anxiety, and the Impact of Event Scale 15 item measuring symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Participants were classified as having experienced no delirium (n = 270; 48%), a single day of delirium (n = 86; 15%), or multiple days of delirium (n = 211; 37%) during ICU stay. Log-binomial regression was used to assess the association between delirium and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder. The study population consisted of 567 subjects; of whom 246 subjects (43%) reported symptoms of anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale with a subscale for anxiety, ≥ 8), and 254 (45%) symptoms of depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale with a subscale for depression, ≥ 8). In 220 patients (39%), the Impact of Event Scale 15 item was greater than or equal to 35, indicating a high probability of posttraumatic stress disorder. There was substantial overlap between these mental health problems-63% of the subjects who scored positive for the presence of any three of the mental health problems, scored positive for all three. No association was observed between either a single day or multiple days of delirium and symptoms of anxiety, depression, or posttraumatic stress disorder.
  
  
  
  Although symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder were found to be common 1 year after critical illness, the occurrence of delirium during ICU stay did not increase the risk of these long-term mental health problems.
authors: 1Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.2Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.3Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.4Institute of Psychology, Health, Medical, and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
authors: Annemiek E
authors: AE
authors: Wolters
authors: Linda M
authors: LM
authors: Peelen
authors: Maartje C
authors: MC
authors: Welling
authors: Lotte
authors: L
authors: Kok
authors: Dylan W
authors: DW
authors: de Lange
authors: Olaf L
authors: OL
authors: Cremer
authors: Diederik
authors: D
authors: van Dijk
authors: Arjen J C
authors: AJ
authors: Slooter
authors: Dieuwke S
authors: DS
authors: Veldhuijzen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003693:Delirium / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D010351:Patient Discharge; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors