title: Help-seeking behaviors for serious psychological distress among individuals with diabetes mellitus: The California Health Interview Survey, 2011-2012.
abstract: To investigate patterns of and factors associated with help-seeking behaviors among individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) and/or serious psychological distress (SPD).
  
  
  
  The analysis was conducted with the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) 2011-2012 of 40,803 adults. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations between the multiple facilitating/preventing factors and outcome, guided by the Andersen's Health Care Utilization Model.
  
  
  
  The prevalence of DM and SPD were 10.9% and 3.4%, respectively, among participants in the survey. The participants with DM were more likely to experience SPD than those without DM (OR 1.46, 95% CI=1.11-1.91, p=0.006). Participants with combined DM and SPD, the most underserved, were less likely to perceive the need for mental health services and less likely to seek help, compared to those with only SPD. Need factors (SPD status and perceived need) were significantly associated with help-seeking behaviors for mental health, along with predisposing factors (age, gender, obesity, race, and employment), and enabling factors (insurance, English proficiency).
  
  
  
  Perceptions about need for seeking help seem to play an important role in receiving mental health services in addition to other predisposing or enabling factors. Identification of these factors may improve clinical outcomes related to DM and SPD.
authors: Psychiatric Department at Elmhurst Hospital in New York 79-01, Broadway, Elmhurst, NY 11373, USA. Electronic address: jshin124@hotmail.com.
authors: Jinah K
authors: JK
authors: Shin
authors: Graduate Group of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
authors: Eduard
authors: E
authors: Poltavskiy
authors: Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.
authors: Tae Nyun
authors: TN
authors: Kim
authors: Psychiatric Department at Elmhurst Hospital in New York 79-01, Broadway, Elmhurst, NY 11373, USA.
authors: Abdullah
authors: A
authors: Hasan
authors: Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
authors: Heejung
authors: H
authors: Bang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D000066505:Help-Seeking Behavior; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008605:Mental Health Services; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Help-seeking behaviors; Perceived needs; Serious psychological distress