title: Development and validation of a bioanalytical method for five antidepressants in human milk by LC-MS.
abstract: The use of medications during lactation is a common practice; however, pharmacological treatments impose serious doubts to both professionals and nursing mothers regarding the safety of drugs used during this period. Most of drugs are excreted in breast milk and there is great variability in the amount of analytes that can be received by the infant. Dilemmas about breastfeeding arise most commonly in relation to postpartum depression. Depression is a major clinical problem during the postpartum period and the vulnerability to onset or recurrence of depressive symptoms increases the possibility of psychotropic drug use during lactation. Selective inhibitors of serotonin reuptake are commonly prescribed for the treatment of depressive disorders, including fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram, and paroxetine. A validated bioanalytical method using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was developed and validated for determination of antidepressants in human milk following protein precipation. The bioanalytical method was successfully applied to assess milk samples from nursing mothers. From found concentrations, infant absolute (4.36-12.26μg/kg/day) and relative dose (0.60-2.90%,) were estimated and low values were obtained indicating safe use during laction. However, other factors such as complemantary feeding and hepatic or renal disorders in the infant should be considered.
authors: Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: nandi.salazar@gmail.com.
authors: Fernanda Rodrigues
authors: FR
authors: Salazar
authors: Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Felipe Bianchini
authors: FB
authors: D'Avila
authors: Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Marcella Herbstrith
authors: MH
authors: de Oliveira
authors: Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Pamela Lukasewicz
authors: PL
authors: Ferreira
authors: Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Ana Maria
authors: AM
authors: Bergold
mesh_terms: D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods*; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000379:methods; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents
keywords: Antidepressants; Excretion; Human milk; Selective inhibitors of serotonin reuptake