title: Early changes in adipokines from overweight to obesity in children and adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Childhood obesity has been associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to compare plasma levels of traditional metabolic markers, adipokines and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (sTNFR1) in overweight, obese and lean children. We also assessed the relationships of these molecules with classical metabolic risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 104 children and adolescents, which were grouped as: lean (n=24), overweight (n=30), and obese subjects (n=50). They were subjected to anthropometrical, clinical and laboratorial measurements. All measurements were compared between groups. Correlation analyses were also performed to evaluate the association between clinical data, traditional metabolic markers, adipokines and sTNFR1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fasting glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were comparable in lean, overweight and obese subjects. Plasma levels of sTNFR1 were similar in lean and overweight subjects, but significantly increased in obese group. Leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels did not differ when overweight were compared to obese subjects. However, all adipokines differed significantly when lean subjects were compared to overweight and obese individuals. Plasma levels of adiponectin were negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), whereas leptin, resistin and sTNFR1 concentrations positively correlated with BMI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results showed significant differences in circulating levels of the evaluated markers when lean, overweight and obese individuals were compared, suggesting that these biomarkers may change from lean to overweight and from overweight to obesity.
authors: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors: Rafael Machado
authors: RM
authors: Mantovani
authors: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors: Natália Pessoa
authors: NP
authors: Rocha
authors: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors: Daniel Massote
authors: DM
authors: Magalhães
authors: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors: Izabela Guimarães
authors: IG
authors: Barbosa
authors: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors: Antônio Lúcio
authors: AL
authors: Teixeira
authors: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: acssilva@hotmail.com.
authors: Ana Cristina
authors: AC
authors: Simões E Silva
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood*; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000097:blood*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Adiponectin; Adiponectina; Leptin; Leptina; Marcadores metabólicos; Metabolic markers; Receptor solúvel de fator de necrose tumoral; Resistin; Resistina; Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor