title: Effects of NSAIDs on the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), used in the treatment of musculoskeletal pathologies, have been associated with impaired bone healing, possibly through inhibition of osteogenic differentiation. The adipose tissue (AT) is regarded as an attractive source of stromal cells for autologous cell transplantation in the bone. The effects of NSAIDs on human AT-derived stromal cells (hADSCs) are unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the effect of several NSAIDs including meloxicam, parecoxib, lornoxicam, diclofenac and paracetamol on the proliferation of hADSCs by means of the PrestoBlue®viability assay, and the osteogenic differentiation capacity of hADSCs by means of the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition by alizarin red staining and osteogenic gene expression by semi-quantitative PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most of the drugs enhanced hADSC cell growth, while either positively affecting or not influencing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition and osteogenic gene expression. Moreover, selective COX-2 inhibitor NSAIDs, such as meloxicam or parecoxib, were advantageous over the non-selective COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor NSAIDs lornoxicam and diclofenac.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Altogether through this study, we show that NSAIDs, possibly depending on their selectivity for COX inhibition, leave the osteogenic differentiation capacity of hADSCs unaltered or might even enhance it.
authors: Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklio, Greece.|Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece.
authors: Chrystalleni
authors: C
authors: Hadjicharalambous
authors: Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Ismini.Alexaki@uniklinikum-dresden.de.
authors: Vasileia Ismini
authors: VI
authors: Alexaki
authors: Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
authors: Kalliopi
authors: K
authors: Alpantaki
authors: Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklio, Greece. mchatzin@materials.uoc.gr.|Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece. mchatzin@materials.uoc.gr.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Chatzinikolaidou
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496511:PTGS1 protein, human; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D002118:Calcium
keywords: NSAIDs; adipose tissue-derived stromal cells; osteogenic differentiation