title: Mangiferin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced production of interleukin-6 in human oral epithelial cells by suppressing toll-like receptor signaling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oral epithelial cells have currently been found to play an important role in inflammatory modulation in periodontitis. Mangiferin is a natural glucosylxanthone with anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory effect of mangiferin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) in oral epithelial cells and the underlying mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  The levels of LPS-induced IL-6 production in OKF6/TERT-2 oral keratinocytes were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 was determined using western blot analysis. And the phosphorylation of TLR downstream nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was examined using cell-based protein phosphorylation ELISA kits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that mangiferin reduced LPS-upregulated IL-6 production in OKF6/TERT-2 cells. Additionally, mangiferin inhibited LPS-induced TLR2 and TLR4 overexpression, and suppressed the phosphorylation of NF-κB, p38 MAPK and JNK. Moreover, mangiferin repressed IL-6 production and TLR signaling activation in a dose-dependent manner after 24h treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mangiferin decreases LPS-induced production of IL-6 in human oral epithelial cells by suppressing TLR signaling, and this glucosylxanthone may have potential for the treatment of periodontitis.
authors: Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, 3rd Section S Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China. Electronic address: sherrylee2011@126.com.
authors: Hao
authors: H
authors: Li
authors: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, 3rd Section S Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, 24876 Taylor Street, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
authors: Qi
authors: Q
authors: Wang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, 3rd Section S Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
authors: Xinmin
authors: X
authors: Chen
authors: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, 3rd Section S Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Ding
authors: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, 3rd Section S Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000187:drug effects; D044004:Xanthones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D044004:Xanthones; C013592:mangiferin; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: Interleukin-6; Lipopolysaccharide; Mangiferin; Oral epithelial cells; Toll-like receptors