title: Distinct resting-state perfusion patterns underlie psychomotor retardation in unipolar vs. bipolar depression.
abstract: Psychomotor abnormalities characterize both unipolar (UP) depression and bipolar (BP) depression. We aimed to assess their neurobiological correlates in terms of motor activity (AL) and resting-state cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and investigate their association in BP, UP, and healthy controls (HC).
  
  
  
  We enrolled 42 depressed patients (22 BP, 20 UP) and 19 HC matched for age, gender, education, income. AL and rCBF were objectively assessed with the use of wrist actigraphy and arterial spin labeling. Group differences and the association of AL and rCBF were computed.
  
  
  
  Activity level was significantly reduced in patients, but no difference was found between BP and UP. Increased perfusion was found in BP compared with UP and HC, in multiple brain areas. We found positive correlations of rCBF and AL in BP and UP, in different parts of the insula and frontal regions. Only BP showed a cluster in the left precentral gyrus. In HC, only inverse correlations of AL and rCBF were found.
  
  
  
  The differences in rCBF and in the localization of the clusters of positive AL/rCBF correlations between BP and UP suggest that different neural impairments may underlie motor symptoms in the two disorders, but finally converge in phenotypically similar manifestations.
authors: Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland. andrea.cantisani@puk.unibe.ch, andrea.cantisani@unifi.it.|NeuroFarBa Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. andrea.cantisani@puk.unibe.ch, andrea.cantisani@unifi.it.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Cantisani
authors: Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Stegmayer
authors: Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Bracht
authors: Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Federspiel
authors: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Wiest
authors: Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Horn
authors: Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland.
authors: T J
authors: TJ
authors: Müller
authors: Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Schneider
authors: Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Höfle
authors: Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Strik
authors: Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Walther
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: arterial spin labeling; bipolar disorder; cerebral blood flow; major depression; psychomotor retardation