title: Efficacy and Safety of Bunium Persicum (Boiss) to Inactivate Protoscoleces during Hydatid Cyst Operations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current scolicidal agents, which have been used for inactivation of protoscoleces during surgical procedures, are associated with adverse side effects including sclerosing cholangitis. This investigation aimed to evaluate the scolicidal effects of Bunium persicum (Boiss) essential oil against protoscoleces of hydatid cysts and also its toxicity in a mice model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Protoscoleces were aseptically aspirated from sheep livers having hydatid cysts. Various concentrations of the essential oil (3.125-50 mcL/mL) were used for 5-30 min. The viability of protoscoleces was confirmed using the eosin exclusion test (0.1% eosin staining). Further, 48 male NMRI mice were used to determine the acute and sub-acute toxicity of B. persicum essential oil.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The obtained results revealed that the B. persicum essential oil at the concentrations of 25 and 50 mcL/mL after 5 min of exposure killed 100% protoscoleces. The mean mortality rate of protoscoleces after 10 min of exposure to the concentration of 12.5 mcL/mL was 100%. Lower concentrations (6.25 and 3.125 mcL/mL) of B. persicum essential oil, however, indicated a delayed protoscolicidal effects. The LD50value of intra-peritoneal injection of the B. persicum essential oil was 1.96 mL/kg body wt. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in the clinical chemistry and hematologic parameters after oral administrations of B. persicum essential oil at the doses 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 4 mL/kg for 14 d.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings demonstrated the potent scolicidal activity of B. persicum with no significant toxicity; it might be used as a natural scolicidal agent in hydatid cyst surgery.
authors: 1 Department of Medical Parasitology, Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences , Khorramabad, Iran .
authors: Hossein
authors: H
authors: Mahmoudvand
authors: 2 Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman, Iran .
authors: Razieh
authors: R
authors: Tavakoli Oliaei
authors: 3 School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences , Shahroud, Iran .
authors: Seyed Reza
authors: SR
authors: Mirbadie
authors: 1 Department of Medical Parasitology, Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences , Khorramabad, Iran .
authors: Farnaz
authors: F
authors: Kheirandish
authors: 2 Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman, Iran .
authors: Amir
authors: A
authors: Tavakoli Kareshk
authors: 1 Department of Medical Parasitology, Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences , Khorramabad, Iran .
authors: Behrouz
authors: B
authors: Ezatpour
authors: 4 Department of Surgery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences , Khorramabad, Iran .
authors: Hormoz
authors: H
authors: Mahmoudvand
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D019661:Apiaceae; D004443:Echinococcosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology; D004446:Echinococcus / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000469:parasitology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts