title: Removal of antibiotics in wastewater by enzymatic treatment with fungal laccase - Degradation of compounds does not always eliminate toxicity.
abstract: In this study, the performance of immobilised laccase (Trametes versicolor) was investigated in combination with the mediator syringaldehyde (SYR) in removing a mixture of 38 antibiotics in an enzymatic membrane reactor (EMR). Antibiotics were spiked in osmosed water at concentrations of 10μg·L(-1) each. Laccase without mediator did not reduce the load of antibiotics significantly. The addition of SYR enhanced the removal: out of the 38 antibiotics, 32 were degraded by >50% after 24h. In addition to chemical analysis, the samples' toxicity was evaluated in two bioassays (a growth inhibition assay and the Microtox assay). Here, the addition of SYR resulted in a time-dependent increase of toxicity in both bioassays. In cooperation with SYR, laccase effectively removes a broad range of antibiotics. However, this enhanced degradation induces unspecific toxicity. If this issue is resolved, enzymatic treatment may be a valuable addition to existing water treatment technologies.
authors: Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Electronic address: dennis.becker@bio.uni-frankfurt.de.
authors: Dennis
authors: D
authors: Becker
authors: Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain.
authors: Saulo
authors: S
authors: Varela Della Giustina
authors: Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain.
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Rodriguez-Mozaz
authors: Chiralvision BV, J.H. Oortweg 21, 2333CH Leiden, Netherlands.
authors: Rob
authors: R
authors: Schoevaart
authors: Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08911 Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Damià
authors: D
authors: Barceló
authors: Institut Européen des Membranes, ENSCM, UM2, CNRS - Université de Montpellier, CC 047, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France.
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: de Cazes
authors: Institut Européen des Membranes, ENSCM, UM2, CNRS - Université de Montpellier, CC 047, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France.
authors: Marie-Pierre
authors: MP
authors: Belleville
authors: Institut Européen des Membranes, ENSCM, UM2, CNRS - Université de Montpellier, CC 047, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France.
authors: José
authors: J
authors: Sanchez-Marcano
authors: Da Volterra, 172 rue de Charonne, 75011 Paris, France.
authors: Jean
authors: J
authors: de Gunzburg
authors: Da Volterra, 172 rue de Charonne, 75011 Paris, France.
authors: Olivier
authors: O
authors: Couillerot
authors: Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors: Johannes
authors: J
authors: Völker
authors: Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors: Jörg
authors: J
authors: Oehlmann
authors: Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Wagner
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D042845:Laccase / Q000378:metabolism*; D055454:Trametes / Q000201:enzymology; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D042845:Laccase; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Bioassay; Penicillin; Tetracycline; Trace pollutant; Transformation product