title: Combined effects of seawater acidification and high temperature on hemocyte parameters in the thick shell mussel Mytilus coruscus.
abstract: In this work, flow cytometry was used to examine the immune responses of hemocytes in the thick shell mussel Mytilus coruscus exposed to six combinations of pH (7.3, 7.7, and 8.1) and temperature (25 °C and 30 °C) for 14 days. Temperature showed significant effects on all immune parameters throughout the experiment. Generally, the total hemocyte count (THC), phagocytosis (Pha), esterase (Est), and lysosomal content (Lyso) significantly decreased at high temperature. By contrast, the hemocyte mortality (Hm) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased at high temperature. Moreover, pH significantly influenced all the immune parameters, but its effects are not as strong as those of temperature; only Hm, Est, and THC were negatively affected by pH throughout the experiment. After 7 days, low pH resulted in decreased Lyso and increased Hm and ROS levels. Significant interactions between temperature and pH in most measured parameters from 7 days suggested that long-term combined stress, i.e., low pH and high temperature, would cause more severe effects on mussel health than an individual stressor in the field.
authors: College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China. Electronic address: 1033543663@qq.com.
authors: Fangli
authors: F
authors: Wu
authors: College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
authors: Weiqun
authors: W
authors: Lu
authors: College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
authors: Yueyong
authors: Y
authors: Shang
authors: College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Kong
authors: College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
authors: Lisha
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture of China, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai, 20090, China.
authors: Yanming
authors: Y
authors: Sui
authors: College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Department of Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar- and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany.
authors: Menghong
authors: M
authors: Hu
authors: College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Department of Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar- and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany. Electronic address: youjiwang2@gmail.com.
authors: Youji
authors: Y
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D049878:Mytilus / Q000276:immunology*; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D013312:Stress, Physiological
keywords: Acidification; Flow cytometry; Hemocyte; Immune response; Mytilus coruscus; Temperature