title: Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Fecal Escherichia coli Isolates from Penned Broiler and Scavenging Local Chickens in Arusha, Tanzania.
abstract: We compared the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from household-level producers of broiler (commercial source breeds) and local chickens in the Arusha District of Tanzania. Households were composed of a single dwelling or residence with independent, penned broiler flocks. Free-range, scavenging chickens were mixed breed and loosely associated with individual households. A total of 1,800 E. coli isolates (1,200 from broiler and 600 from scavenging local chickens) from 75 chickens were tested for their susceptibility against 11 antibiotics by using breakpoint assays. Isolates from broiler chickens harbored a higher prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli relative to scavenging local chickens, including sulfamethoxazole (80.3 versus 34%), followed by trimethoprim (69.3 versus 27.7%), tetracycline (56.8 versus 20%), streptomycin (52.7 versus 24.7%), amoxicillin (49.6 versus 17%), ampicillin (49.1 versus 16.8%), ciprofloxacin (21.9 versus 1.7%), and chloramphenicol (1.5 versus 1.2%). Except for resistance to chloramphenicol, scavenging local chickens harbored fewer resistant E. coli isolates (P < 0.05). Broiler chickens harbored more isolates that were resistant to ≥7 antibiotics (P < 0.05). The higher prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli from broiler chickens correlated with the reported therapeutic and prophylactic use of antibiotics in this poultry population. We suggest that improved biosecurity measures and increased vaccination efforts would reduce reliance on antibiotics by these households.
authors: Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania; Mbeya University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131, Mbeya, Tanzania.
authors: Bernadether T
authors: BT
authors: Rugumisa
authors: Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania; Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-7040, USA.
authors: Douglas R
authors: DR
authors: Call
authors: Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania.
authors: Gaspary O
authors: GO
authors: Mwanyika
authors: Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania.
authors: Rehema I
authors: RI
authors: Mrutu
authors: Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania.
authors: Catherine M
authors: CM
authors: Luanda
authors: Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania.
authors: Beatus M
authors: BM
authors: Lyimo
authors: Mbeya University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131, Mbeya, Tanzania.
authors: Murugan
authors: M
authors: Subbiah
authors: Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania. joram.buza@nm-aist.ac.tz.
authors: Joram J
authors: JJ
authors: Buza
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002645:Chickens; D004926:Escherichia coli; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D015995:Prevalence; D013636:Tanzania
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents