title: Factors Effecting Mastalgia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Breast pain is one of the leading complaints that ends up with referral to breast surgery clinics. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the factors that cause mastalgia, and its relation with benign or malignant breast disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed in 700 patients. Data obtained from surveys, and imaging findings were prospectively recorded, and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 45.20 ± 10.78 years. The mastalgia group included 500 cases; the asymptomatic group comprised 200 individuals. Stressful lifestyle, caffeine consumption, and smoking were associated with mastalgia (p < 0.05). Rates of women who had breast fed 3 times or more were higher in the mastalgia group (p < 0.05). Increased breast density, and breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) 2 mammography findings were related with mastalgia (p < 0.05). Cysts and fibroadenomas were more common in the mastalgia group (p < 0.05). The incidence of a past history of malignant breast disease was significantly higher in the mastalgia group (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stress, caffeine, smoking, lactation frequency, and benign disorders were factors detected to be related with mastalgia. Although a significant relation between mastalgia and malignant breast disease was detected in our study, more controlled studies are still required to investigate this issue further.
authors: Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Tunc
authors: T
authors: Eren
authors: Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Adem
authors: A
authors: Aslan
authors: Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Ibrahim A
authors: IA
authors: Ozemir
authors: Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Hakan
authors: H
authors: Baysal
authors: Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Julide
authors: J
authors: Sagiroglu
authors: Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Ozgur
authors: O
authors: Ekinci
authors: Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Orhan
authors: O
authors: Alimoglu
keywords: Etiology; Mastalgia; Pain; Surgery