title: The Effectiveness of Different Diet Strategies to Reduce Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Youth.
abstract: Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents has become a prominent clinical issue in recent decades. Increasing numbers of young people have risk factors for type 2 diabetes, particularly obesity, indicating the need for effective type 2 diabetes prevention strategies. The aim of this review was to identify specific dietary strategies that optimize improvements in risk factors for type 2 diabetes in youth and hence reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes development. Our review of the current literature indicates that dietary interventions lead to weight loss when intervention adherence is high. However, in addition to weight loss, a diet that is reduced in carbohydrates may optimize improvements in other type 2 diabetes risk factors, including insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. While further research is needed to confirm this finding, reduced carbohydrate diets may include a very low-carbohydrate diet, a very low-energy diet, a lower-glycemic-index diet, and/or an intermittent fasting diet. This array of dietary strategies provides a suite of intervention options for clinicians to recommend to young people at risk of type 2 diabetes. However, these findings are in contrast to current guidelines for the prevention of type 2 diabetes in adults which recommends a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet.
authors: The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead 2145, Australia. megan.gow@health.nsw.gov.au.|The Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead 2145, Australia. megan.gow@health.nsw.gov.au.
authors: Megan L
authors: ML
authors: Gow
authors: The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead 2145, Australia. sarah.garnett@health.nsw.gov.au.|The Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead 2145, Australia. sarah.garnett@health.nsw.gov.au.
authors: Sarah P
authors: SP
authors: Garnett
authors: The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead 2145, Australia. Louise.Baur@health.nsw.gov.au.|The Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead 2145, Australia. Louise.Baur@health.nsw.gov.au.
authors: Louise A
authors: LA
authors: Baur
authors: The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead 2145, Australia. natalie.lister@health.nsw.gov.au.|The Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead 2145, Australia. natalie.lister@health.nsw.gov.au.
authors: Natalie B
authors: NB
authors: Lister
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017195:Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D050528:Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted / Q000379:methods; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000379:methods; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D055502:Secondary Prevention / Q000379:methods; D015431:Weight Loss
keywords: adolescent; carbohydrate; child; diet intervention; obesity; prevention; type 2 diabetes; youth