title: Malaria control along China-Myanmar Border during 2007-2013: an integrated impact evaluation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Implementing effective interventions remain a lot of difficulties along all border regions. The emergence of artemisinin resistance of Plasmodium falciparum strains in the Greater Mekong Subregion is a matter of great concern. China has effectively controlled cross-border transmission of malaria and artemisinin resistance of P. falciparum along the China-Myanmar border.
  
  
  METHODS
  A combined quantitative and qualitative study was used to collect data, and then an integrated impact evaluation was conducted to malaria control along the China-Myanmar border during 2007-2013.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The parasite prevalence rate (PPR) in the five special regions of Myanmar was decreased from 13.6 % in March 2008 to 1.5 % in November 2013. Compared with the baseline (PPR in March 2008), the risk ratio was only 0.11 [95 % confidence interval (CI), 0.09-0. 14) in November 2013, which is equal to an 89 % reduction in the malaria burden. Annual parasite incidence (API) across 19 Chinese border counties was reduced from 19.6 per 10 000 person-years in 2006 to 0.9 per 10 000 person-years in 2013. Compared with the baseline (API in 2006), the API rate ratio was only 0.05(95 % CI, 0.04-0.05) in 2013, which equates to a reduction of the malaria burden by 95.0 %. Meanwhile, the health service system was strengthened and health inequity of marginalized populations reduced along the international border.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effective collaboration between China, Myanmar and the international non-governmental organization promptly carried out the core interventions through simplified processes. The integrated approaches dramatically decreased malaria burden of Chinese-Myanmar border.
authors: Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Center of Malaria Research, Yunnan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Public Health and Disease Prevention and Control, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Puer, 665000, China. xjw426@163.com.
authors: Jian-Wei
authors: JW
authors: Xu
authors: Yunnan Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission, Kunming, 650200, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Center of Malaria Research, Yunnan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Public Health and Disease Prevention and Control, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Puer, 665000, China.
authors: Heng-Lin
authors: HL
authors: Yang
authors: Yunnan Office of Health Poverty Action, Kunming, 650041, People's Republic of China.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, P.O. Box 2932, 1000, Manila, Philippines.
authors: Zai-Xing
authors: ZX
authors: Zhang
authors: Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Center of Malaria Research, Yunnan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Public Health and Disease Prevention and Control, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Puer, 665000, China.
authors: Ya-Ming
authors: YM
authors: Yang
authors: Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Center of Malaria Research, Yunnan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Public Health and Disease Prevention and Control, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Puer, 665000, China.
authors: Hong-Ning
authors: HN
authors: Zhou
authors: Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, 1216, Cointrin, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors: Joshua
authors: J
authors: Havumaki
authors: Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Center of Malaria Research, Yunnan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Public Health and Disease Prevention and Control, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Puer, 665000, China.
authors: Hua-Xian
authors: HX
authors: Li
authors: Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Center of Malaria Research, Yunnan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Public Health and Disease Prevention and Control, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Puer, 665000, China.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Liu
authors: Yunnan Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission, Kunming, 650200, People's Republic of China.
authors: Hua
authors: H
authors: Zhou
authors: Yunnan Office of Health Poverty Action, Kunming, 650041, People's Republic of China.
authors: Xin-Yu
authors: XY
authors: Xie
authors: Yunnan Office of Health Poverty Action, Kunming, 650041, People's Republic of China.
authors: Jia-Xiang
authors: JX
authors: Dong
authors: Yunnan Office of Health Poverty Action, Kunming, 650041, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yue
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Yunnan Office of Health Poverty Action, Kunming, 650041, People's Republic of China.
authors: Xiao-Ying
authors: XY
authors: Sun
authors: Yunnan Office of Health Poverty Action, Kunming, 650041, People's Republic of China.
authors: Bo
authors: B
authors: Li
authors: Yunnan Office of Health Poverty Action, Kunming, 650041, People's Republic of China.
authors: Jia-Yin
authors: JY
authors: Li
authors: Yunnan Office of Health Poverty Action, Kunming, 650041, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yang-Hui
authors: YH
authors: Tian
authors: Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Center of Malaria Research, Yunnan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Public Health and Disease Prevention and Control, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Puer, 665000, China.
authors: Pi-Yu
authors: PY
authors: Wang
authors: Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Center of Malaria Research, Yunnan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Public Health and Disease Prevention and Control, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Puer, 665000, China.
authors: Ben-Fu
authors: BF
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000962:Antimalarials / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007391:International Cooperation; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002052:Myanmar / Q000453:epidemiology; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials
keywords: Artemisinin resistance; Border malaria; China-Myanmar border; Control