title: Phthalate residue in goat milk-based infant formulas manufactured in China.
abstract: Phthalates adversely affect the male reproductive system in humans. Through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, we investigated the residual profile and levels of 15 phthalates in 90 goat milk-based infant formulas from 15 commercial brands of 10 dairy enterprises located in Shaanxi Province, China. In general, dibutyl phthalate was the most detected phthalate, followed by bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, and dimethyl phthalate; their geometric mean concentrations in the formulas were 38.1, 24.2, 16.6, and 8.7μg/kg, respectively. Other phthalates were not detected in the investigated samples. No significant differences were found in the phthalate levels among different stages of infant formulas, even though the samples were packaged in different types of containers. These findings demonstrate that goat milk-based infant formulas may represent the main source of exposure to phthalates in infants.
authors: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
authors: W P
authors: WP
authors: Ge
authors: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
authors: X J
authors: XJ
authors: Yang
authors: Xianyang Food and Drug Inspection Center, Xianyang 712000, China.
authors: X Y
authors: XY
authors: Wu
authors: Shaanxi Baiyue Youlishi Dairy Co. Ltd., Xianyang 713300, China.
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Wang
authors: Xianyang Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision, Xianyang 712000, China.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Geng
authors: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China. Electronic address: gcf@nwafu.edu.cn.
authors: C F
authors: CF
authors: Guo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003132:Commerce; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006041:Goats; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000737:chemistry*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*
keywords: goat milk powder; infant formula; phthalate