title: Engineered Tissue-Stent Biocomposites as Tracheal Replacements.
abstract: Here we report the creation of a novel tracheal construct in the form of an engineered, acellular tissue-stent biocomposite trachea (TSBT). Allogeneic or xenogeneic smooth muscle cells are cultured on polyglycolic acid polymer-metal stent scaffold leading to the formation of a tissue comprising cells, their deposited collagenous matrix, and the stent material. Thorough decellularization then produces a final acellular tubular construct. Engineered TSBTs were tested as end-to-end tracheal replacements in 11 rats and 3 nonhuman primates. Over a period of 8 weeks, no instances of airway perforation, infection, stent migration, or erosion were observed. Histological analyses reveal that the patent implants remodel adaptively with native host cells, including formation of connective tissue in the tracheal wall and formation of a confluent, columnar epithelium in the graft lumen, although some instances of airway stenosis were observed. Overall, TSBTs resisted collapse and compression that often limit the function of other decellularized tracheal replacements, and additionally do not require any cells from the intended recipient. Such engineered TSBTs represent a model for future efforts in tracheal regeneration.
authors: 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut.
authors: Liping
authors: L
authors: Zhao
authors: 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut.|2 Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut.
authors: Sumati
authors: S
authors: Sundaram
authors: 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut.
authors: Andrew V
authors: AV
authors: Le
authors: 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut.
authors: Angela H
authors: AH
authors: Huang
authors: 3 Department of Internal Medicine Cardiology, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut.
authors: Jiasheng
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut.
authors: Go
authors: G
authors: Hatachi
authors: 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut.
authors: Arkadi
authors: A
authors: Beloiartsev
authors: 4 Section of Pediatric Surgery, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut.
authors: Michael G
authors: MG
authors: Caty
authors: 5 Nationwide Children's Hospital Research Institute , Columbus, Ohio.
authors: Tai
authors: T
authors: Yi
authors: 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut.
authors: Katherine
authors: K
authors: Leiby
authors: 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut.
authors: Ashley
authors: A
authors: Gard
authors: 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut.
authors: Mehmet H
authors: MH
authors: Kural
authors: 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut.
authors: Liqiong
authors: L
authors: Gui
authors: 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut.
authors: Kevin A
authors: KA
authors: Rocco
authors: 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut.
authors: Amogh
authors: A
authors: Sivarapatna
authors: 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut.
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Calle
authors: 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut.
authors: Allison
authors: A
authors: Greaney
authors: 6 UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital , UCL, London, United Kingdom .
authors: Luca
authors: L
authors: Urbani
authors: 6 UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital , UCL, London, United Kingdom .
authors: Panagiotis
authors: P
authors: Maghsoudlou
authors: 6 UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital , UCL, London, United Kingdom .|7 Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands .
authors: Alan
authors: A
authors: Burns
authors: 6 UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital , UCL, London, United Kingdom .
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: DeCoppi
authors: 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut.|2 Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut.
authors: Laura E
authors: LE
authors: Niklason
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D002417:Cattle; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D051381:Rats; D015607:Stents; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014132:Trachea