title: Interleukin-32 levels in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva of patients with chronic periodontitis after periodontal treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The cytokine, interleukin (IL)-32, is a relatively new discovery. However, it is very powerful for stimulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) under inflammatory conditions. The objective of this research was to explore fluctuations in the levels of TNF-α, IL-32 and IL-10, in both saliva and gingival crevicular fluid. The focus was on measurements taken before and after clinical treatment of chronic periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the purposes of the study, a total of 27 patients with chronic periodontitis and 27 controls (periodontally healthy) were recruited. Important clinical periodontal criteria were established before and 4 wk after the start of the research. The chronic periodontitis group was given an initial form of periodontal care. Samples of saliva and gingival crevicular fluid were collected exactly 4 wk preceding and 4 wk following the care. The levels of IL-10, IL-32 and TNF-α present in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid were recorded via the use of an ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, the levels of TNF-α and IL-32 in the gingival crevicular fluid and saliva were significantly higher among patients in the chronic periodontitis group than among patients in the control group (p < 0.05). On the other hand, at baseline the levels of IL-10 were significantly lower in the gingival crevicular fluid and saliva of the chronic periodontitis group than the control group (p < 0.05). A significantly positive link was found between the TNF-α and IL-32 levels in the two study groups (p < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of TNF-α and IL-32 in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid were significantly lower in the chronic periodontitis group when compared with the baseline readings. However, the levels of IL-10 were significantly higher (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultimately, the level of IL-32 present in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid might be useful as an indicator of the condition and the expectations for its treatment and care. According to the results of the research, the proinflammatory impact of IL-32 could potentially be linked to the intensity and progression of periodontitis.
authors: Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Öngöz Dede
authors: Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Balli
authors: Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Ş
authors: Ş
authors: Bozkurt Doğan
authors: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Güven
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D003773:Dental Plaque; D012534:Dental Scaling; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000032:analysis; D007378:Interleukins / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: C508609:IL10 protein, human; C496971:IL32 protein, human; D007378:Interleukins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10
keywords: gingival crevicular fluid; interleukin-32; periodontitis; saliva