title: Barriers and facilitators to health screening in men: A systematic review.
abstract: Men have poorer health status and are less likely to attend health screening compared to women.
  
  
  
  This systematic review presents current evidence on the barriers and facilitators to engaging men in health screening.
  
  
  
  We included qualitative, quantitative and mixed-method studies identified through five electronic databases, contact with experts and reference mining. Two researchers selected and appraised the studies independently. Data extraction and synthesis were conducted using the 'best fit' framework synthesis method.
  
  
  
  53 qualitative, 44 quantitative and 6 mixed-method studies were included. Factors influencing health screening uptake in men can be categorized into five domains: individual, social, health system, healthcare professional and screening procedure. The most commonly reported barriers are fear of getting the disease and low risk perception; for facilitators, they are perceived risk and benefits of screening. Male-dominant barriers include heterosexual -self-presentation, avoidance of femininity and lack of time. The partner's role is the most common male-dominant facilitator to screening.
  
  
  
  This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of barriers and facilitators to health screening in men including the male-dominant factors. The findings are particularly useful for clinicians, researchers and policy makers who are developing interventions and policies to increase screening uptake in men.
authors: Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Chin Hai
authors: CH
authors: Teo
authors: Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: ngcj@um.edu.my.
authors: Chirk Jenn
authors: CJ
authors: Ng
authors: School of Health & Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, United Kingdom.
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Booth
authors: Centre for Men's Health, Leeds Beckett University, Calverley 512, City Campus, Leeds, LS1 3HE, United Kingdom.
authors: Alan
authors: A
authors: White
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D054526:Men's Health / Q000639:trends*; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Barrier; Facilitator; Masculinity; Men's health; Qualitative; Quantitative; Screening; Systematic review