title: Surgical treatment for an uncommon headache: A gap of 4800 years.
abstract: Background Surgical management of headache due to anomalies in the cervical spine is uncommon, as most cases improve with drugs and/or physical therapy. Case We report two instances of a very uncommon congenital upper cervical spine anomaly due to the presence of a pseudoarthrosis between a unilateral paracondylar process in the base of the skull and an epitransverse process arising from the transverse apophysis (PCP/ETA). The first one corresponds to a male on whom an endoscopic guided puncture was performed, and the second to an adult male from the Neolithic period who showed two cranial trepanations together with the presence of morphine metabolites in both bones and dental calculus. Discussion We draw a parallel between the treatment of two individuals separated by a gap of more than 4800 years: contemporary direct vision of the false joint through a small endoscope, which provides an accurate puncture, and ancient double trepanation with clear signs of bone eburnation.
authors: 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Albert
authors: A
authors: Isidro
authors: 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Joan Manel
authors: JM
authors: Burdeus
authors: 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Sergi
authors: S
authors: Loscos
authors: 2 Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Javier
authors: J
authors: Bara
authors: 3 Museu de Gavà, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Josep
authors: J
authors: Bosch
authors: 4 Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Gallart
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001270:Cervical Atlas / Q000002:abnormalities; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059125:Neanderthals / Q000002:abnormalities*; D011542:Pseudarthrosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D019291:Skull Base / Q000002:abnormalities; D014207:Trephining / Q000266:history*
keywords: Neolithic; Paracondylar process; case report; endoscopy; epitransverse apophysis; trepanation