title: Comparison of Efficacy of Tacrolimus Versus Cyclosporine in Childhood Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of tacrolimus versus cyclosporine (Calcineurin Inhibitors) in the management of childhood steroid-resistant nephritic syndrome (SRNS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Quasi-experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Paediatric Nephrology at The Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore, from August 2014 to September 2015.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients of either gender aged 1 - 12 years, with the diagnosis of mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (MesangioPGN), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) or minimal-change disease (MCD) were included. Patients were assigned into two groups, one given tacrolimus in dose of 0.1 - 0.2 mg/kg/day in two divided doses, and other given cyclosporine in dose of 150 - 200 mg/m2/day in two divided doses along with oral steroids 30 mg/m2/day in divided doses, followed by alternate day with tapering dosage. Trough drug levels were done with dose adjustment accordingly. Patients were monitored and followed for the response to treatment and adverse effects of these two calcineurin inhibitors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Atotal of 84 patients, 58% males and 42% females, were included in the study. The age ranged from 1.25 to 12 years. The most common histopathological diagnosis was MesangioPGN (69.04%), FSGS (21.4%), and MCD (9.52%). Complete response was seen in 80.95% and 97.6% patients treated with cyclosporine and tacrolimus, respectively. Partial response was in 19.05% patients treated with cyclosporine and 2.4% in patients with tacrolimus. The most common adverse effect with cyclosporine and tacrolimus was hypertrichosis in 80.95% and 2.38%, hypertension 16.66% and 11.9% respectively while gum hypertrophy with cyclosporine was seen in 26.19% patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tacrolimus was more efficacious than cyclosporine in achieving remission in childhood SRNS with insignificant adverse effects.
authors: Department of Paediatric Nephrology, The Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore.
authors: Syed Sajid Hussain
authors: SS
authors: Shah
authors: Department of Paediatric Nephrology, The Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore.
authors: Farkhanda
authors: F
authors: Hafeez
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine; D012074:Remission Induction; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D003404:Creatinine; D016559:Tacrolimus