title: Transmission Microscopy with Nanometer Resolution Using a Deterministic Single Ion Source.
abstract: We realize a single particle microscope by using deterministically extracted laser-cooled ^{40}Ca^{+} ions from a Paul trap as probe particles for transmission imaging. We demonstrate focusing of the ions to a spot size of 5.8±1.0  nm and a minimum two-sample deviation of the beam position of 1.5 nm in the focal plane. The deterministic source, even when used in combination with an imperfect detector, gives rise to a fivefold increase in the signal-to-noise ratio as compared with conventional Poissonian sources. Gating of the detector signal by the extraction event suppresses dark counts by 6 orders of magnitude. We implement a Bayes experimental design approach to microscopy in order to maximize the gain in spatial information. We demonstrate this method by determining the position of a 1  μm circular hole structure to a precision of 2.7 nm using only 579 probe particles.
authors: QUANTUM, Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
authors: Georg
authors: G
authors: Jacob
authors: QUANTUM, Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
authors: Karin
authors: K
authors: Groot-Berning
authors: QUANTUM, Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
authors: Sebastian
authors: S
authors: Wolf
authors: QUANTUM, Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Ulm
authors: QUANTUM, Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
authors: Luc
authors: L
authors: Couturier
authors: QUANTUM, Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
authors: Samuel T
authors: ST
authors: Dawkins
authors: QUANTUM, Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
authors: Ulrich G
authors: UG
authors: Poschinger
authors: QUANTUM, Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
authors: Ferdinand
authors: F
authors: Schmidt-Kaler
authors: QUANTUM, Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany.|Institut für Physik, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
authors: Kilian
authors: K
authors: Singer