title: Nail changes in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine. To our knowledge, no studies to date pertain to the profile of nail changes in IBD, except for onychomycosis. We aimed to study the frequency and pattern of nail changes among patients with IBD and evaluate their potential relationships with several parameters in IBD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 73 patients with IBD and 51 healthy control subjects. Nails of both groups were examined for changes with regard to color, striations, texture, curvature of nail plates, dystrophy of nail plates, and pigmentation. Mycological examinations were performed when onychomycosis was suspected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nail changes were statistically higher in patients with IBD than in the control group (P = 0.001). The presence of onychomycosis was significantly more common in patients with IBD (P = 0.041). Subungual hyperkeratosis and brownish discoloration of the nail were the most common findings in patients with IBD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study is the first report showing all nail changes in IBD. Further studies with more subjects are needed to reveal more detailed information about nail changes in IBD.
authors: Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
authors: Özlem
authors: Ö
authors: Ekiz
authors: Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
authors: Ebru
authors: E
authors: Çelik
authors: Department of Dermatology, Eskişehir State Hospital, Eskişehir, Turkey.
authors: İlknur
authors: İ
authors: Balta
authors: Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
authors: Bilge
authors: B
authors: Bülbül Şen
authors: Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
authors: Emine Nur
authors: EN
authors: Rifaioğlu
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
authors: Mehmet
authors: M
authors: Demir
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Antakya State Hospital, Hatay, Turkey.
authors: Fuat
authors: F
authors: Ekiz
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Ömer
authors: Ö
authors: Başar
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Osman
authors: O
authors: Yüksel
mesh_terms: D003106:Colon; D003116:Color; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; D014009:Onychomycosis
keywords: Inflammatory bowel disease; nail changes; onychomycosis