title: Ecotoxicological assessment of glyphosate-based herbicides: Effects on different organisms.
abstract: Glyphosate-based herbicides are the most commonly used worldwide because they are effective and relatively nontoxic to nontarget species. Unlimited and uncontrolled use of such pesticides can have serious consequences for human health and ecological balance. The present study evaluated the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of 2 glyphosate-based formulations, Roundup Original (Roundup) and Glyphosate AKB 480 (AKB), on different organisms: cucumber (Cucumis sativus), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) seeds, and microcrustacean Artemia salina and zebrafish (Danio rerio) early life stages. For the germination endpoint, only L. esculentum presented significant sensitivity to AKB and L. sativa to Roundup, whereas both formulations significantly inhibited the root growth of all species tested. Both AKB and Roundup induced significant toxicity to A. salina; both are classified as category 3, which indicates a hazard for the aquatic environment, according to criteria of the Globally Harmonized Classification System. However, Roundup was more toxic than AKB, with 48-h median lethal concentration (LC50) values of 14.19 mg/L and 37.53 mg/L, respectively. For the embryo-larval toxicity test, Roundup proved more toxic than AKB for the mortality endpoint (96-h LC50 values of 10.17 mg/L and 27.13 mg/L, respectively), whereas for the hatching parameter, AKB was more toxic than Roundup. No significant genotoxicity to zebrafish larvae was found. We concluded that AKB and Roundup glyphosate-based formulations are phytotoxic and induce toxic effects in nontarget organisms such as A. salina and zebrafish early life stages. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1755-1763. © 2016 SETAC.
authors: Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
authors: Laís
authors: L
authors: de Brito Rodrigues
authors: Biological Sciences Institute, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
authors: Rhaul
authors: R
authors: de Oliveira
authors: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Flávia Renata
authors: FR
authors: Abe
authors: Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
authors: Lara Barroso
authors: LB
authors: Brito
authors: Biological Sciences Institute, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
authors: Diego Sousa
authors: DS
authors: Moura
authors: Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
authors: Marize Campos
authors: MC
authors: Valadares
authors: Biological Sciences Institute, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
authors: Cesar Koppe
authors: CK
authors: Grisolia
authors: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Danielle Palma
authors: DP
authors: de Oliveira
authors: Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
authors: Gisele Augusto Rodrigues
authors: GAR
authors: de Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001156:Artemia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D018553:Cucumis sativus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D018545:Lactuca / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D000097797:Glyphosate
chemical_list: D005998:Glycine; D006540:Herbicides; D000097797:Glyphosate
keywords: Aquatic toxicology; Environmental toxicology; Genotoxicity; Herbicide; Phytotoxicity; Roundup; Zebrafish