title: Antioxidant Activity of γ-Oryzanol: A Complex Network of Interactions.
abstract: γ-oryzanol (Orz), a steryl ferulate extracted from rice bran layer, exerts a wide spectrum of biological activities. In addition to its antioxidant activity, Orz is often associated with cholesterol-lowering, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-diabetic effects. In recent years, the usefulness of Orz has been studied for the treatment of metabolic diseases, as it acts to ameliorate insulin activity, cholesterol metabolism, and associated chronic inflammation. Previous studies have shown the direct action of Orz when downregulating the expression of genes that encode proteins related to adiposity (CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs)), inflammatory responses (nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)), and metabolic syndrome (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs)). It is likely that this wide range of beneficial activities results from a complex network of interactions and signals triggered, and/or inhibited by its antioxidant properties. This review focuses on the significance of Orz in metabolic disorders, which feature remarkable oxidative imbalance, such as impaired glucose metabolism, obesity, and inflammation.
authors: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Bioscience, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil. igorminatel@hotmail.com.
authors: Igor Otavio
authors: IO
authors: Minatel
authors: Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-970, Brazil. fabiane_vf@yahoo.com.br.
authors: Fabiane Valentini
authors: FV
authors: Francisqueti
authors: Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-970, Brazil. ccorrea@fmb.unesp.br.
authors: Camila Renata
authors: CR
authors: Corrêa
authors: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Bioscience, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil. gpplima@ibb.unesp.br.
authors: Giuseppina Pace Pereira
authors: GP
authors: Lima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D010666:Phenylpropionates / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D010666:Phenylpropionates; C004999:ferulic acid; C013172:gamma-oryzanol
keywords: antioxidant capacity; dyslipidemia; ferulic acid; inflammation; obesity; γ-oryzanol