title: Cork boiling wastewater treatment and reuse through combination of advanced oxidation technologies.
abstract: Industrial preparation of cork consists of its immersion for approximately 1 hour in boiling water. The use of herbicides and pesticides in oak tree forests leads to absorption of these compounds by cork; thus, after boiling process, they are present in wastewater. Cork boiling wastewater shows low biodegradability and high acute toxicity involving partial inhibition of their biodegradation when conventional biological treatment is applied. In this work, a treatment line strategy based on the combination of advanced physicochemical technologies is proposed. The final objective is the reuse of wastewater in the cork boiling process; thus, reducing consumption of fresh water in the industrial process itself. Coagulation pre-treatment with 0.5 g/L of FeCl3attained the highest turbidity elimination (86 %) and 29 % of DOC elimination. Similar DOC removal was attained when using 1 g/L of ECOTAN BIO (selected for ozonation tests), accompanied of 64 % of turbidity removal. Ozonation treatments showed less efficiency in the complete oxidation of cork boiling wastewater, compared to solar photo-Fenton process, under the studied conditions. Nanofiltration system was successfully employed as a final purification step with the aim of obtaining a high-quality reusable permeate stream. Monitoring of unknown compounds by LC-QTOF-MS allowed the qualitative evaluation of the whole process. Acute and chronic toxicity as well as biodegradability assays were performed throughout the whole proposed treatment line.
authors: Plataforma Solar de Almería-CIEMAT, Carretera de Senés Km 4, Tabernas, 04200, Almeria, Spain.|CIESOL, Joint Centre of the University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120, Almería, Spain.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Ponce-Robles
authors: Laboratory for Environmental Research in Arid Zones, LIMZA, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tarapaca, Arica, Chile.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Miralles-Cuevas
authors: Plataforma Solar de Almería-CIEMAT, Carretera de Senés Km 4, Tabernas, 04200, Almeria, Spain. isabel.oller@psa.es.|CIESOL, Joint Centre of the University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120, Almería, Spain. isabel.oller@psa.es.
authors: I
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9893-6207
authors: I
authors: Oller
authors: CIESOL, Joint Centre of the University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120, Almería, Spain.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Agüera
authors: ICMC-IPROCOR, Instituto del Corcho, la Madera y el Carbón Vegetal, Mérida, 06800, Badajoz, Spain.
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Trinidad-Lozano
authors: ICMC-IPROCOR, Instituto del Corcho, la Madera y el Carbón Vegetal, Mérida, 06800, Badajoz, Spain.
authors: F J
authors: FJ
authors: Yuste
authors: Plataforma Solar de Almería-CIEMAT, Carretera de Senés Km 4, Tabernas, 04200, Almeria, Spain.|CIESOL, Joint Centre of the University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120, Almería, Spain.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Malato
mesh_terms: D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry; D059027:Recycling / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010126:Ozone; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C024555:ferric chloride
keywords: Chronic toxicity; Cork boiling wastewater; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometer; Nanofiltration; Ozonation; Solar photo-Fenton