title: A task-based assessment of parental occupational exposure to organic solvents and other compounds and the risk of childhood leukemia in California.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Data on parental occupational exposures and risk of childhood leukemia lack specificity. Using 19 task-based job modules, we examined the relationship between occupational exposure to organic solvents and other compounds and the risk of leukemia in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Latino (48%) and non-Latino (52%) children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL; n=670), acute myeloid leukemia (AML; n=104), and controls (n=1021) were enrolled in a study in California (2000-2008). Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for socio-demographic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among children with non-Latino fathers, none of the exposures evaluated were associated with risks of ALL and AML. In contrast, exposure to any organic solvents in Latino fathers was associated with an increased risk of childhood ALL (OR=1.48; 95% CI: 1.01-2.16); in multivariable analyses, the OR for chlorinated hydrocarbons was 2.28 (95% CI: 0.97-5.37) while the ORs were close to one for aromatic hydrocarbons, glycol ethers, and other hydrocarbon mixtures. We also observed an increased risk of ALL with exposure to combustion exhaust/polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (ORs=1.70; 95% CI: 1.16-2.57, and 1.46; 95% CI: 0.94-2.26 with and without adjustment for chlorinated hydrocarbons, respectively). Moderately elevated risks of ALL were seen with exposure to metals, paints, and wood dust, although not statistically significant. An increased risk was reported for asbestos based on small numbers of exposed Latino fathers. No associations were reported between maternal exposures to any exposures and childhood ALL and AML.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data support associations between paternal occupational exposures to chlorinated hydrocarbons, combustion exhaust, metals, and possibly asbestos and the risk of ALL in the children of Latino fathers only.
authors: University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, Berkeley, CA, USA. Electronic address: cmetayer@berkeley.edu.
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Metayer
authors: International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors: Ghislaine
authors: G
authors: Scelo
authors: University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, Berkeley, CA, USA.
authors: Alice Y
authors: AY
authors: Kang
authors: University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Berkeley, CA, USA.
authors: Robert B
authors: RB
authors: Gunier
authors: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors: Kyndaron
authors: K
authors: Reinier
authors: East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Greenville, NC, USA.
authors: Suzanne
authors: S
authors: Lea
authors: National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors: Jeffrey S
authors: JS
authors: Chang
authors: University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, Berkeley, CA, USA.
authors: Steve
authors: S
authors: Selvin
authors: Medical oncologist and hematologist, Berkeley, CA, USA.
authors: Janice
authors: J
authors: Kirsch
authors: Valley Children's Hospital, Madera, CA, USA.
authors: Vonda
authors: V
authors: Crouse
authors: Division of Research, the Permanente Medical Group, Oakland, CA, USA.
authors: Monique
authors: M
authors: Does
authors: University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors: Patricia
authors: P
authors: Quinlan
authors: University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Berkeley, CA, USA.
authors: S Katharine
authors: SK
authors: Hammond
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D001194:Asbestos; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010290:Parents; D018812:Paternal Exposure; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012306:Risk; D012997:Solvents; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D008670:Metals; D012997:Solvents; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D001194:Asbestos
keywords: Chemicals; Childhood leukemia; Occupational exposure