title: Enzymatically-gellable galactosylated chitosan: Hydrogel characteristics and hepatic cell behavior.
abstract: The influence of contents of galactose and phenolic hydroxyl (Ph) groups incorporated into chitosan was investigated on characteristics of the chitosan derivatives and the resultant gels as well as HepG2 cell attachment and growth behaviors. Introduction of galactose groups increased the solubility of the chitosan derivatives. The gelation time decreased with increasing content of Ph groups in the chitosan derivatives. The increase of galactose groups incorporated at a fixed content of Ph groups improved mechanical properties of the resultant gels. In vitro degradation rate of the resultant gels decreased by increasing Ph groups and decreasing galactose groups incorporated into the chitosan derivatives. The HepG2 cells formed dense spheroid cell clusters when the galactose groups were absent or incorporated at high level into chitosan (13.8mol%). However, the cells exhibited spreading morphology with spheroid formation on the gels containing 1.1 and 5.2mol% galactose groups. The albumin secretion level on a cellular basis also increased considerably when the galactose groups increased to 13.8mol%. The results demonstrated the potential of the chitosan derivative hydrogels for liver tissue engineering applications.
authors: Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz 51335-1996, Iran. Electronic address: khoshfetrat@sut.ac.ir.
authors: Ali Baradar
authors: AB
authors: Khoshfetrat
authors: Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan. Electronic address: mehdi-khanmohammadi@cheng.es.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors: Mehdi
authors: M
authors: Khanmohammadi
authors: Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan. Electronic address: sakai@cheng.es.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors: Shinji
authors: S
authors: Sakai
authors: Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan. Electronic address: taya@cheng.es.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors: Masahito
authors: M
authors: Taya
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002449:Cell Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048271:Chitosan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005690:Galactose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006031:Glycosylation / Q000187:drug effects; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D012995:Solubility; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D010636:Phenols; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D048271:Chitosan; D005690:Galactose
keywords: Enzamatically-gellable chitosan derivative; Galactose moieties; HepG2 cell behavior