title: Preoperative Clinical Characteristics That Identify Potential Low-Volume Transfusion Candidates Among Orthotopic Liver Transplant Patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary aim of this study was to determine whether specific preoperative clinical characteristics were associated with low-volume transfusion in liver transplant recipients. Low-volume transfusion was defined as transfusion of < 2100 mL of packed red blood cells intraoperatively during liver transplant. The ability to accurately predict low-volume transfusion could increase patient safety, decrease complications associated with transfusion, improve blood management, and decrease transplant case cost.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were retrieved by retrospective chart review of 266 patients who received a liver transplant at the Mayo Clinic (Jacksonville, FL, USA). The primary outcome was low-volume transfusion. Associations of preoperative information with low-volume transfusion were explored using single-variable and multivariable logistic regression models; missing data were imputed with the sample median for continuous data and the most frequent category for categorical variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low-volume transfusion occurred in 23% of first-time liver transplant recipients (62/266 patients; 95% confidence interval, 18%-29%). History of hepatitis C virus infection (P = .048), history of hepatocellular carcinoma (P = .050), short cold ischemia time (P = .006), and low international normalized ratio (P = .002) were independently associated with low-volume transfusion during liver transplant in a multivariable logistic regression model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiple studies have shown increased morbidity and mortality after orthotopic liver transplant when more than 6 U of packed red blood cells are administered within 24 hours of surgical incision. A method to identify low-volume transfusion candidates could help predict patient outcomes, decrease blood handling, and reduce costs. If patients with low-volume transfusion could be identified, fewer blood products would need to be prepared in advance. Although elevated preoperative coagulation parameters decrease the probability of low-volume transfusion, a definitive profile of a low-volume transfusion liver transplant recipient was not established.
authors: From the Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
authors: Brittany S
authors: BS
authors: Blake
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: Aniskevich
authors: Colleen S
authors: CS
authors: Thomas
authors: Beth L
authors: BL
authors: Ladlie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult