title: Residual Carcinoma In Situ at the Ductal Stump has a Negative Survival Effect: An Analysis of Early-stage Cholangiocarcinomas.
abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate whether carcinoma in situ (CIS) residue at the ductal stump affects the survival of patients undergoing resection for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
  
  
  
  Positive ductal margin with CIS has been treated as a tumor-free margin from a prognostic viewpoint because several studies have reported that residual CIS foci at the ductal stump do not affect survival after resection.
  
  
  
  Patients who underwent resection for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma were retrospectively reviewed. The surgical margin status was histologically divided into negative (R0), positive with CIS (R1cis), and positive with invasive cancer (R1inv). The survival and incidence of local recurrence were compared among the groups.
  
  
  
  Of 684 consecutive resected patients, 172 patients with early-stage (pTis-2N0M0) cholangiocarcinoma (perihilar, n = 144; distal, n = 28) were analyzed. The cumulative incidence of local recurrence in R1cis patients was higher than R0 patients (32.8% vs 4.4% at 5 years, P < 0.001) and lower than R1inv patients (50.0% at 2 years, P = 0.012). The disease-specific survival for R1cis patients was worse than for R0 patients (35.1% vs 78.7% at 5 years, P = 0.005) and better than for R1inv patients (40.0% at 2 years, P = 0.002). The uni- and multivariate analyses identified the surgical margin status as an independent prognostic factor (R1cis vs R0, relative risk 2.39, P = 0.026; R1inv vs R0, RR 10.28, P < 0.001).
  
  
  
  R1cis increases the incidence of local recurrence and shortens postoperative survival in patients with early-stage cholangiocarcinoma, although this prognostic effect was less severe compared with R1inv. R1cis should be avoided as much as possible in surgery for early-stage cancer, although it may be allowed in advanced tumors.
authors: *Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan †Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors: Tetsuo
authors: T
authors: Tsukahara
authors: Tomoki
authors: T
authors: Ebata
authors: Yoshie
authors: Y
authors: Shimoyama
authors: Yukihiro
authors: Y
authors: Yokoyama
authors: Tsuyoshi
authors: T
authors: Igami
authors: Gen
authors: G
authors: Sugawara
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Mizuno
authors: Masato
authors: M
authors: Nagino
mesh_terms: D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D017734:Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis