title: Subcompartmentalization by cross-membranes during early growth of Streptomyces hyphae.
abstract: Bacteria of the genus Streptomyces are a model system for bacterial multicellularity. Their mycelial life style involves the formation of long multinucleated hyphae during vegetative growth, with occasional cross-walls separating long compartments. Reproduction occurs by specialized aerial hyphae, which differentiate into chains of uninucleoid spores. While the tubulin-like FtsZ protein is required for the formation of all peptidoglycan-based septa in Streptomyces, canonical divisome-dependent cell division only occurs during sporulation. Here we report extensive subcompartmentalization in young vegetative hyphae of Streptomyces coelicolor, whereby 1 μm compartments are formed by nucleic acid stain-impermeable barriers. These barriers possess the permeability properties of membranes and at least some of them are cross-membranes without detectable peptidoglycan. Z-ladders form during the early growth, but cross-membrane formation does not depend on FtsZ. Thus, a new level of hyphal organization is presented involving unprecedented high-frequency compartmentalization, which changes the old dogma that Streptomyces vegetative hyphae have scarce compartmentalization.
authors: Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional e IUOPA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
authors: Paula
authors: P
authors: Yagüe
authors: Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, P.O. Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors: Joost
authors: J
authors: Willemse
authors: Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors: Roman I
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6736-7147
authors: RI
authors: Koning
authors: Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional e IUOPA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
authors: Beatriz
authors: B
authors: Rioseras
authors: Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional e IUOPA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
authors: María T
authors: MT
authors: López-García
authors: Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional e IUOPA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
authors: Nathaly
authors: N
authors: Gonzalez-Quiñonez
authors: Crio-Microscòpia Electrònica. Centres Científics i Tecnològics, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Carmen
authors: C
authors: Lopez-Iglesias
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark.
authors: Pavel V
authors: PV
authors: Shliaha
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark.
authors: Adelina
authors: A
authors: Rogowska-Wrzesinska
authors: Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors: Abraham J
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1717-2549
authors: AJ
authors: Koster
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark.
authors: Ole N
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1862-8528
authors: ON
authors: Jensen
authors: Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, P.O. Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands.|Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, 6700AB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Gilles P
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0341-1561
authors: GP
authors: van Wezel
authors: Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional e IUOPA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
authors: Ángel
authors: Á
authors: Manteca
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002451:Cell Compartmentation / Q000502:physiology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D025301:Hyphae / Q000502:physiology*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009154:Mutation; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000378:metabolism; D010539:Permeability; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; C071525:FtsZ protein, Bacteria; D010457:Peptidoglycan