title: [Biomechanics analysis of the impact of maxillofacial injury on skull base damage].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the impact of maxillofacial injury on skull base.
  
  
  METHODS
  A three-dimensional(3D)finite-element model of cranio-maxillofacial bone was established by CT scan data. A lead cylinder in base diameter of 3 cm was designed as an impactor. There regions(upper right maxilla, left infraorbital margin and left zygomatic body)subjected to an impact at the speed of 8.6 m/s(about 30 km/h)was simulated. Thirteen landmarks at the skull base were selected. The values of stress at the end of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 ms were obtained, and the results were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The dynamic process of the fracture of the jaw and the stress distribution and conduction of the skull base were successfully simulated in three parts of the face. When the impact was on the right maxillary bone region, the stress values of the three points(medial foramen rotundum, medial foramen rotundum, anterior clivus reached the peak at each time point, 26.2, 22.4, 21.5 MPa(t=0.5 ms)and 70.0, 55.0, 45.0 MPa(t=1.0 ms)and 38.0, 26.5, 39.5 MPa(t=1.5 ms)and 26.0, 19.0, 23.0 MPa(t=2.0 ms), respectively. When the impact was on the left margo infraorbitalis orbitaeta region, the stress values of the two points(medial left foramen rotundum, posterior clivus)reached the peak at each time point, 8.8, 16.0 MPa(t=0.5 ms)and 10.0, 18.0 MPa(t=1.0 ms)and 5.5, 6.0 MPa(t=1.5 ms)and 11.5, 12.5 MPa(t=2.0 ms), respectively. When the impact was on the body of left zygomatic bone, the stress values of posterior clivus were 45.0 MPa(t=0.5 ms), 40.0 MPa(t=1.0 ms), 12.0 MPa(t=1.5 ms), 42.5 MPa(t= 2.0 ms), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the difference of stress distribution and conduction of maxillofacial and skull base bone, the speed and the path of force transfer to the skull base were different. Finite-element dynamic simulation can be used for the biomechanics research on maxillofacial trauma.
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Wu
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
authors: Z Y
authors: ZY
authors: Yang
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Chengdu 610083, China.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
authors: Y H
authors: YH
authors: Tan
mesh_terms: D059925:Anatomic Landmarks / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries; D008446:Maxillofacial Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009915:Orbit / Q000503:physiopathology; D019291:Skull Base / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D015050:Zygoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries