title: Marseillevirus in lymphoma: a giant in the lymph node.
abstract: The family Marseilleviridae is a new clade of giant viruses whose original member, marseillevirus, was described in 2009. These viruses were isolated using Acanthamoeba spp primarily from the environment. Subsequently, a close relative of marseillevirus was isolated from the faeces of a healthy young man, and others were detected in blood samples of blood donors and recipients and in a child with lymph node adenitis. In this Grand Round we describe the detection of marseillevirus by PCR, fluorescence in-situ hybridisation, direct immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry in the lymph node of a 30-year-old woman diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma, together with IgG antibodies to marseillevirus. A link with viruses and bacteria has been reported for many lymphomas. We review the literature describing these associations, the criteria used to consider a causal association, and the underlying mechanisms of lymphomagenesis. Our observations suggest that consideration should be given to marseillevirus infections as an additional viral cause or consequence of Hodgkin's lymphoma, and that this hypothesis should be tested further.
authors: Research Unit on Emerging Infectious and Tropical Diseases (URMITE), CNRS UMR 7278, IRD 198, Inserm U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Méditerranée Infection Foundation (IHU), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Aherfi
authors: Research Unit on Emerging Infectious and Tropical Diseases (URMITE), CNRS UMR 7278, IRD 198, Inserm U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Méditerranée Infection Foundation (IHU), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Colson
authors: Research Unit on Emerging Infectious and Tropical Diseases (URMITE), CNRS UMR 7278, IRD 198, Inserm U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
authors: Gilles
authors: G
authors: Audoly
authors: Research Unit on Emerging Infectious and Tropical Diseases (URMITE), CNRS UMR 7278, IRD 198, Inserm U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
authors: Claude
authors: C
authors: Nappez
authors: Département de Bio-Pathologie, Oncologie moléculaire, Hématologie et Immunologie des tumeurs, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
authors: Luc
authors: L
authors: Xerri
authors: Research Unit on Emerging Infectious and Tropical Diseases (URMITE), CNRS UMR 7278, IRD 198, Inserm U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
authors: Audrey
authors: A
authors: Valensi
authors: Research Unit on Emerging Infectious and Tropical Diseases (URMITE), CNRS UMR 7278, IRD 198, Inserm U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Méditerranée Infection Foundation (IHU), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.
authors: Matthieu
authors: M
authors: Million
authors: Research Unit on Emerging Infectious and Tropical Diseases (URMITE), CNRS UMR 7278, IRD 198, Inserm U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Méditerranée Infection Foundation (IHU), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.
authors: Hubert
authors: H
authors: Lepidi
authors: Technological Advances for Genomics and Clinics (TAGC), Inserm UMR 1090, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
authors: Regis
authors: R
authors: Costello
authors: Research Unit on Emerging Infectious and Tropical Diseases (URMITE), CNRS UMR 7278, IRD 198, Inserm U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Méditerranée Infection Foundation (IHU), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France. Electronic address: didier.raoult@gmail.com.
authors: Didier
authors: D
authors: Raoult
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004267:DNA Viruses / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000821:virology*; D000072281:Lymphadenopathy / Q000821:virology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014780:Viruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral