title: The effect of environmental contamination on the community structure and fructification of ectomycorrhizal fungi.
abstract: Ectomycorrhizal fungi are an essential component of forest ecosystems, most of which can form edible and medical fruiting bodies. Although many studies have focused on the fructification of ectomycorrhizal fungi in phenology, the impact of environmental contamination, especially living garbage, on the formation of fruiting body is still unknown. A field investigation, combined with a high-throughput sequencing method, was used to study the effect of living garbage pollution on the fructification and hypogeous community structure of ectomycorrhizal fungi symbiosing with cedar (Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don). The results showed that garbage significantly altered soil abiotic and biotic properties, increasing soil urease activity, decreasing the soil exchangeable metal content and phosphatase activity, and ultimately inhibiting the formation of fruiting bodies. The pollution of garbage also changed the community structure of hypogeous ectomycorrhizal fungi where ectomycorrhizal ascomycetes dominated. In unpolluted sites, the relative abundance of ectomycorrhizal ascomycetes and basidiomycetes were almost equal. Although no fruiting bodies were observed in that soil polluted by living garbage, the sequencing result showed that various ectomycorrhizal fungi were present underground, suggesting that these taxonomic fungi had the potential to cope with adverse conditions. This study not only provided a deeper understanding of the relationship between ectomycorrhizal fungal communities and prevailing environmental conditions, but provided a new pathway for the excavation and utilization of the resource of antistress ectomycorrhizal fungi.
authors: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors: Qibiao
authors: Q
authors: Sun
authors: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors: Yaping
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors: Huatao
authors: H
authors: Yuan
authors: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Lian
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D028203:Cedrus / Q000382:microbiology*; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D065928:Forests; D048690:Fruiting Bodies, Fungal / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000254:growth & development*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D014510:Urease / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D012987:Soil; D014510:Urease
keywords: 
  Cedrus deodara
  ; community structure; ectomycorrhizal fungi; environmental contamination; fruiting body