title: Prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes differs depending on histological type and smoking habit in completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer.
abstract: T-cell infiltration in tumors has been used as a prognostic tool in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the influence of smoking habit and histological type on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in NSCLC remains unclear.
  
  
  
  We evaluated the prognostic significance of TILs (CD4+, CD8+, CD20+, and FOXP3+) according to histological type and smoking habit using automatic immunohistochemical staining and cell counting in 218 patients with NSCLC.
  
  
  
  In multivariate survival analyses of clinical, pathological, and immunological factors, a high ratio of FOXP3+to CD4+T cells (FOXP3/CD4) [hazard ratio (HR): 4.46, P < 0.01 for overall survival (OS); HR: 1.96, P < 0.05 for recurrence-free survival (RFS)] and a low accumulation of CD20+B cells (HR: 2.45, P = 0.09 for OS; HR: 2.86, P < 0.01 for RFS) were identified as worse prognostic factors in patients with adenocarcinoma (AD). In non-AD, a low number of CD8+T cells were correlated with an unfavorable outcome (HR: 7.69, P < 0.01 for OS; HR: 3.57, P < 0.02 for RFS). Regarding smoking habit in AD, a high FOXP3/CD4 ratio was poorly prognostic with a smoking history (HR: 5.21, P < 0.01 for OS; HR: 2.38, P < 0.03 for RFS), whereas a low accumulation of CD20+B cells (HR: 4.54, P = 0.03 for OS; HR: 2.94, P < 0.01 for RFS) was confirmed as an unfavorable factor in non-smokers with AD.
  
  
  
  A low number of CD8+T cells in non-AD, a high FOXP3/CD4 ratio in smokers with AD, and a low number of CD20+B cells in non-smokers with AD were identified as independent unfavorable prognostic factors in resected NSCLC. Evaluating the influence of histological type and smoking habit on the immunological environment may lead to the establishment of immunological diagnosis and appropriate individualized immunotherapy for NSCLC.
authors: Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research.|Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Kinoshita
authors: Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Muramatsu
authors: Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Fujita
authors: Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Nagumo
authors: Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Sakurai
authors: Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Noji
authors: Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Takahata
authors: Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Yaguchi
authors: Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Tsukamoto
authors: Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Kudo-Saito
authors: Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Hayashi
authors: Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Kamiyama
authors: Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Ohtsuka
authors: Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Asamura
authors: Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research yutakawa@keio.jp.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Kawakami
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018951:Antigens, CD20 / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D018951:Antigens, CD20; C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors
keywords: histological type; non-small-cell lung cancer; prognostic factor; smoking habit; tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes