title: Pure ground-glass opacity on chest computed tomography: predictive factors for invasive adenocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pure ground-glass opacity (GGO) on computed tomography (CT) is considered a diagnostic feature of noninvasive lung adenocarcinoma. However, pure GGO can sometimes be associated with invasive adenocarcinoma (IA). The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive factors for IA when pure GGO is present.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2011 and 2014, 83 patients with persistent pure GGO on chest CT underwent surgical treatment for lung cancer. We compared the clinical, surgical, and pathological characteristics of non-IA with those of IA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 66 patients (79.5%) were diagnosed with non-IA and 17 patients (20.5%) were diagnosed with IA. The mean axial diameter of the GGO lesions in IA was larger than that in non-IA (1.9 vs. 1.2 cm; P<0.001). The incidence of pleural retraction was higher in IA than in non-IA (76.5% vs. 15.2%; P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified GGO lesion size and the presence of pleural retraction as significant predictive factors for IA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both preoperative GGO lesion size on CT and the computed-tomography or operative finding of pleural retraction are predictive factors for IA. In patients with these findings, curative lobectomy is preferable to limited resection.
authors: Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea ;
authors: Youngkyu
authors: Y
authors: Moon
authors: Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea ;
authors: Sook Whan
authors: SW
authors: Sung
authors: Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea ;
authors: Kyo Young
authors: KY
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Sung Bo
authors: SB
authors: Sim
authors: Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea ;
authors: Jae Kil
authors: JK
authors: Park
keywords: Lung cancer; adenocarcinoma; ground-glass opacity (GGO); invasive adenocarcinoma (IA)