title: Duration of oral tetracycline-class antibiotic therapy and use of topical retinoids for the treatment of acne among general practitioners (GP): A retrospective cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Guidelines recommend limiting the duration of oral antibiotic therapy in acne to 3 to 6 months and prescribing concomitant topical retinoids for all patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to evaluate the duration of therapy with oral tetracyclines and the use of topical retinoids among patients with acne treated primarily by general practitioners in the United Kingdom.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Health Improvement Network database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean duration of therapy was 175.1 days. Of antibiotic courses, 62% were not associated with a topical retinoid; 29% exceeded 6 months in duration. If all regions were to achieve uses similar to the region with the shortest mean duration of therapy, approximately 3.3 million antibiotic days per year could be avoided in the United Kingdom.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Health Improvement Network does not include information on acne severity and clinical outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prescribing behavior for oral antibiotics in the treatment of acne among general practitioners is not aligned with current guideline recommendations. Increasing the use of topical retinoids and considering alternative agents to oral antibiotics when appropriate represent opportunities to reduce antibiotic exposure and associated complications such as antibiotic resistance and to improve outcomes in patients treated for acne.
authors: Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Electronic address: john.barbieri@uphs.upenn.edu.
authors: John S
authors: JS
authors: Barbieri
authors: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors: Ole
authors: O
authors: Hoffstad
authors: Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Margolis
mesh_terms: D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D058006:General Practice; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012176:Retinoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013754:Tetracyclines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D012176:Retinoids; D013754:Tetracyclines
keywords: acne vulgaris; antibiotic resistance; costs; evidence-based medicine; geographic variation; oral antibiotics; topical retinoids; treatment guidelines