title: Seawater Polluted with Highly Concentrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Suppresses Osteoblastic Activity in the Scales of Goldfish, Carassius auratus.
abstract: We have developed an original in vitro bioassay using teleost scale, that has osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and bone matrix as each marker: alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for osteoblasts and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) for osteoclasts. Using this scale in vitro bioassay, we examined the effects of seawater polluted with highly concentrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) on osteoblastic and osteoclastic activities in the present study. Polluted seawater was collected from two sites (the Alexandria site on the Mediterranean Sea and the Suez Canal site on the Red Sea). Total levels of PAHs in the seawater from the Alexandria and Suez Canal sites were 1364.59 and 992.56 ng/l, respectively. We were able to detect NPAHs in both seawater samples. Total levels of NPAHs were detected in the seawater of the Alexandria site (12.749 ng/l) and the Suez Canal site (3.914 ng/l). Each sample of polluted seawater was added to culture medium at dilution rates of 50, 100, and 500, and incubated with the goldfish scales for 6 hrs. Thereafter, ALP and TRAP activities were measured. ALP activity was significantly suppressed by both polluted seawater samples diluted at least 500 times, but TRAP activity did not change. In addition, mRNA expressions of osteoblastic markers (ALP, osteocalcin, and the receptor activator of the NF-κB ligand) decreased significantly, as did the ALP enzyme activity. In fact, ALP activity decreased on treatment with PAHs and NPAHs. We conclude that seawater polluted with highly concentrated PAHs and NPAHs influences bone metabolism in teleosts.
authors: 1 Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Division of Marine Environmental Studies, Kanazawa University, Housu-gun, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan.
authors: Nobuo
authors: N
authors: Suzuki
authors: 1 Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Division of Marine Environmental Studies, Kanazawa University, Housu-gun, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan.
authors: Masayuki
authors: M
authors: Sato
authors: 2 Environmental Research Division, Water Pollution Control Department, National Research Center, Cairo 12621, Egypt.
authors: Hossam F
authors: HF
authors: Nassar
authors: 2 Environmental Research Division, Water Pollution Control Department, National Research Center, Cairo 12621, Egypt.
authors: Fagr Kh
authors: FKh
authors: Abdel-Gawad
authors: 2 Environmental Research Division, Water Pollution Control Department, National Research Center, Cairo 12621, Egypt.
authors: Samah M
authors: SM
authors: Bassem
authors: 1 Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Division of Marine Environmental Studies, Kanazawa University, Housu-gun, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan.
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Yachiguchi
authors: 3 Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
authors: Yoshiaki
authors: Y
authors: Tabuchi
authors: 4 Department of Marine Biosciences, Division of Marine Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.
authors: Masato
authors: M
authors: Endo
authors: 1 Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Division of Marine Environmental Studies, Kanazawa University, Housu-gun, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan.
authors: Toshio
authors: T
authors: Sekiguchi
authors: 1 Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Division of Marine Environmental Studies, Kanazawa University, Housu-gun, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan.|5 Institute of Noto SATOUMI Education and Studies, Noto-cho, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan.
authors: Makoto
authors: M
authors: Urata
authors: 6 Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0827, Japan.
authors: Atsuhiko
authors: A
authors: Hattori
authors: 7 Department of Medical Hygiene, Kochi Gakuen College, Kochi 780-0955, Japan.
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Mishima
authors: 8 Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
authors: Youhei
authors: Y
authors: Shimasaki
authors: 8 Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
authors: Yuji
authors: Y
authors: Oshima
authors: 9 Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, 81, Oedae-ro, Mohyeon-myeon, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17035, Korea.
authors: Chun-Sang
authors: CS
authors: Hong
authors: 10 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.
authors: Fumiya
authors: F
authors: Makino
authors: 10 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.
authors: Ning
authors: N
authors: Tang
authors: 10 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Toriba
authors: 1 Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Division of Marine Environmental Studies, Kanazawa University, Housu-gun, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan.|10 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.
authors: Kazuichi
authors: K
authors: Hayakawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006054:Goldfish; D034582:Integumentary System; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: bioassay; bone metabolism; fish scales; goldfish; nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; osteoblasts; osteoclasts; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons