title: Curcumin improves episodic memory in cadmium induced memory impairment through inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and adenosine deaminase activities in a rat model.
abstract: Curcumin, the main polyphenolic component of turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizomes has been reported to exert cognitive enhancing potential with limited scientific basis. Hence, this study sought to evaluate the effect of curcumin on cerebral cortex acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities in cadmium (Cd)-induced memory impairment in rats. Animals were divided into six groups (n = 6): saline/vehicle, saline/curcumin 12.5 mg/kg, saline/curcumin 25 mg/kg, Cd/vehicle, Cd/curcumin 12.5 mg/kg, and Cd/curcumin 25 mg/kg. Rats received Cd (2.5 mg/kg) and curcumin (12.5 and 25 mg/kg, respectively) by gavage for 7 days. The results of this study revealed that cerebral cortex AChE and ADA activities were increased in Cd-poisoned rats, and curcumin co-treatment reversed these activities to the control levels. Furthermore, Cd intoxication increased the level of lipid peroxidation in cerebral cortex with a concomitant decreased in functional sulfuhydryl (-SH) group and nitric oxide (NO), a potent neurotransmitter and neuromodulatory agent. However, the co-treatment with curcumin at 12.5 and 25 mg/kg, respectively increased the non-enzymatic antioxidant status and NO in cerebral cortex with a decreased in malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Therefore, inhibition of AChE and ADA activities as well as increased antioxidant status by curcumin in Cd-induced memory dysfunction could suggest some possible mechanism of action for their cognitive enhancing properties.
authors: Department of Chemical Science, Biochemistry Unit, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti, Private Mail Bag, 5454, Nigeria. ajakinyemi2010@yahoo.co.uk.
authors: Ayodele Jacob
authors: AJ
authors: Akinyemi
authors: Department of Chemical Science, Biochemistry Unit, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti, Private Mail Bag, 5454, Nigeria.
authors: Princess Kamsy
authors: PK
authors: Okonkwo
authors: Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Ado-Ekiti, Private Mail Bag, 5363, Nigeria.|Department of Clinical Science, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
authors: Opeyemi Ayodeji
authors: OA
authors: Faboya
authors: Department of Chemical Science, Biochemistry Unit, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti, Private Mail Bag, 5454, Nigeria.
authors: Sunday Amos
authors: SA
authors: Onikanni
authors: Department of Chemical Science, Biochemistry Unit, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti, Private Mail Bag, 5454, Nigeria.
authors: Adewale
authors: A
authors: Fadaka
authors: Department of Chemical Science, Biochemistry Unit, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti, Private Mail Bag, 5454, Nigeria.
authors: Israel
authors: I
authors: Olayide
authors: Center for Child and Adolescence Mental Health (CCAMH), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors: Elizabeth Olufisayo
authors: EO
authors: Akinyemi
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.
authors: Ganiyu
authors: G
authors: Oboh
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D058892:Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D019187:Cadmium Compounds; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D061212:Memory, Episodic; D051381:Rats; D065852:Spatial Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D013431:Sulfates
chemical_list: D058892:Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors; D019187:Cadmium Compounds; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D013431:Sulfates; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C037123:cadmium sulfate; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase; D003474:Curcumin
keywords: Acetylcholinesterase; Adenosine deaminase; Cadmium; Cerebral cortex; Curcumin