title: The roles of supernatant of macrophage treated by excretory-secretory products from muscle larvae of Trichinella spiralis on the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts.
abstract: The excretory-secretory products (ESPs) released by the muscle-larvae (ML) stage of Trichinella spiralis have been suggested to be involved in nurse cell formation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which ML-ESPs modulate nurse cell formation remain unclear. Macrophages exert either beneficial or deleterious effects on tissue repair, depending on their activation/polarization state. They are crucial for skeletal muscle repair, notably, via their actions on myogenic precursor cells. However, these interactions during T. spiralis infection have not been characterized. In the present study, the ability of conditioned medium (CM) from J774A.1 macrophages treated with ML-ESPs to influence the differentiation of murine myoblasts, and the mechanisms of this influence, were investigated in vitro. The results showed that the expression of Myogenic Regulatory Factors (MRFs) MyoD and myogenin, myosin heavy chain (MyHC), and the p21 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor were reduced in CM treated cells compared to their expression in the control group. These findings indicated that CM inhibited myoblast differentiation. Conversely, CM promoted myoblast proliferation and increased cyclin D1 levels. Taken together, results of our study suggested that CM can indirectly influence myoblast differentiation and proliferation, which provides a new method for the elucidation of the complex mechanisms involved in cell-parasite and cell-cell interactions during T. spiralis infection.
authors: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, Key Laboratory for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonoses, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Bai
authors: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, Key Laboratory for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonoses, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors: X L
authors: XL
authors: Wang
authors: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, Key Laboratory for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonoses, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Tang
authors: Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital East, USA.
authors: H N
authors: HN
authors: Shi
authors: ANSES, Laboratory for Animal Health, Maisons Alfort, France.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Boireau
authors: Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, USDA, Building 1180, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Rosenthal
authors: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, Key Laboratory for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonoses, Jilin University, Changchun, China. Electronic address: lvy.2001@163.com.
authors: X P
authors: XP
authors: Wu
authors: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, Key Laboratory for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonoses, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China. Electronic address: liumy@jlu.edu.cn.
authors: M Y
authors: MY
authors: Liu
authors: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, Key Laboratory for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonoses, Jilin University, Changchun, China. Electronic address: liuxlei@163.com.
authors: X L
authors: XL
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000502:physiology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000469:parasitology*; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D017160:Trichinella spiralis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000947:Antigens, Helminth; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D015801:Helminth Proteins; C097419:excretory-secretory antigen, Trichinella
keywords: C2C12 myoblast; Excretory-secretory products; J774A.1 macrophage; Trichinella spiralis