title: Neonatal hepatitis B vaccination impaired the behavior and neurogenesis of mice transiently in early adulthood.
abstract: The immune system plays a vital role in brain development. The hepatitis B vaccine (HBV) is administered to more than 70% of neonates worldwide. Whether this neonatal vaccination affects brain development is unknown. Newborn C57BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with HBV or phosphate-buffered saline. HBV induced impaired behavioral performances and hippocampal long-term potentiation at 8 weeks (w) of age without influence at 4 or 12w. At 6w, there was decreased neurogenesis, M1 microglial activation and a neurotoxic profile of neuroimmune molecule expression [increased tumor necrosis factor-α and reduced interferon (IFN)-γ, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and insulin-like growth factor-1] in the hippocampus of the HBV-vaccinated mice. In the serum, HBV induced significantly higher levels of interleukin (IL)-4, indicating a T helper (Th)-2 bias. Moreover, the serum IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio was positively correlated with the levels of neurotrophins and neurogenesis in the hippocampus at the individual level. These findings suggest that neonatal HBV vaccination of mice results in neurobehavioral impairments in early adulthood by inducing a proinflammatory and low neurotrophic milieu in the hippocampus, which follows the HBV-induced systemic Th2 bias.
authors: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China.
authors: Junhua
authors: J
authors: Yang
authors: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China.
authors: Fangfang
authors: F
authors: Qi
authors: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Yang
authors: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China.
authors: Qunfang
authors: Q
authors: Yuan
authors: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China.
authors: Juntao
authors: J
authors: Zou
authors: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China.
authors: Kaihua
authors: K
authors: Guo
authors: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China. Electronic address: yao.zb@163.com.
authors: Zhibin
authors: Z
authors: Yao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D017628:Microglia / Q000276:immunology*; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000276:immunology*; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines
keywords: Brain; Cognition; Cytokine; Microglia; T helper bias