title: Kinetic study of phytotoxicity induced by foliar lead uptake for vegetables exposed to fine particles and implications for sustainable urban agriculture.
abstract: At the global scale, foliar metal transfer occurs for consumed vegetables cultivated in numerous urban or industrial areas with a polluted atmosphere. However, the kinetics of metal uptake, translocation and involved phytotoxicity was never jointly studied with vegetables exposed to micronic and sub-micronic particles (PM). Different leafy vegetables (lettuces and cabbages) cultivated in RHIZOtest® devices were, therefore, exposed in a greenhouse for 5, 10 and 15days to various PbO PM doses. The kinetics of transfer and phytotoxicity was assessed in relation to lead concentration and exposure duration. A significant Pb accumulation in leaves (up to 7392mg/kg dry weight (DW) in lettuce) with translocation to roots was observed. Lead foliar exposure resulted in significant phytotoxicity, lipid composition change, a decrease of plant shoot growth (up to 68.2% in lettuce) and net photosynthesis (up to 58% in lettuce). The phytotoxicity results indicated plant adaptation to Pb and a higher sensitivity of lettuce in comparison with cabbage. Air quality needs, therefore, to be considered for the health and quality of vegetables grown in polluted areas, such as certain megacities (in China, Pakistan, Europe, etc.) and furthermore, to assess the health risks associated with their consumption.
authors: Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse (INP-ENSAT), 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, EcoLab, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France. Electronic address: tiantian.xiong@etu.ensat.fr.
authors: TianTian
authors: T
authors: Xiong
authors: Institut Ecocitoyen, Centre de Vie la Fossette RD 268, 13270 Fos-sur-Mer, France.
authors: Annabelle
authors: A
authors: Austruy
authors: Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse (INP-ENSAT), 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, EcoLab, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
authors: Antoine
authors: A
authors: Pierart
authors: Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan.
authors: Muhammad
authors: M
authors: Shahid
authors: Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
authors: Eva
authors: E
authors: Schreck
authors: Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse (INP-ENSAT), 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, EcoLab, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
authors: Stéphane
authors: S
authors: Mombo
authors: Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), UMR5044, Universite J. Jaurès - Toulouse II, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9, France. Electronic address: camille.dumat@ensat.fr.
authors: Camille
authors: C
authors: Dumat
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D002681:China; D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D010154:Pakistan; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D007854:Lead
keywords: Foliar uptake; Metallic particles; Transfer kinetics and phytotoxicity; Vegetables