title: Effects of growth temperature and carbon dioxide enrichment on soybean seed components at different stages of development.
abstract: Soybean plants were grown to maturity in controlled environment chambers and at the onset of flowering three temperature treatments were imposed that provided optimum [28/24 °C], low [22/18 °C] or high [36/32 °C] chamber air temperatures. In addition, plants were treated continuously with either 400 or 800 μmol mol-1CO2. Seeds were harvested at 42, 53, 69 and 95 days after planting (i.e., final maturity). This study quantified 51 metabolites in developing soybean seeds, plus total lipids and proteins were measured at maturity. About 80% of measured soluble carbohydrates, amines and organic acids decreased to low levels in mature seeds, although important exceptions were raffinose, ribose/arabinose, citrate and all eight fatty acids. This suggested that the metabolism of young seeds supported lipid and protein synthesis. A total of 35 and 9 metabolites differed among temperature and CO2treatments, respectively, and treatment effects were predominately observed on the first and second samplings. However, shikimate, pinitol and oleate were increased by high temperature treatments in mature seeds. The above results indicated that CO2enrichment primarily altered metabolite levels during the initial stages of seed development and this was likely due to enhanced photosynthate formation in leaves.
authors: Crop Systems and Climate Change Laboratory, U.S.D.A.-Agricultural Research Service, Room 342, Building 001, BARC-west, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
authors: Guangli
authors: G
authors: Xu
authors: Crop Systems and Climate Change Laboratory, U.S.D.A.-Agricultural Research Service, Room 342, Building 001, BARC-west, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
authors: Shardendu
authors: S
authors: Singh
authors: Crop Systems and Climate Change Laboratory, U.S.D.A.-Agricultural Research Service, Room 342, Building 001, BARC-west, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
authors: Jinyoung
authors: J
authors: Barnaby
authors: Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, U.S.D.A.-Agricultural Research Service, Room 245, Building 001, BARC-west, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
authors: Jeffrey
authors: J
authors: Buyer
authors: Crop Systems and Climate Change Laboratory, U.S.D.A.-Agricultural Research Service, Room 342, Building 001, BARC-west, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
authors: Vangimalla
authors: V
authors: Reddy
authors: Crop Systems and Climate Change Laboratory, U.S.D.A.-Agricultural Research Service, Room 342, Building 001, BARC-west, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. Electronic address: richard.sicher@ars.usda.gov.
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Sicher
mesh_terms: D000146:Acids, Carbocyclic / Q000378:metabolism; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000502:physiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012765:Shikimic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D012995:Solubility; D013025:Glycine max / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000146:Acids, Carbocyclic; D000596:Amino Acids; D002241:Carbohydrates; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010940:Plant Proteins; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D019343:Citric Acid; D012765:Shikimic Acid
keywords: Glycine max; Heat stress; Oil seeds; Primary metabolism; Seed development; Seed protein