title: Distinct lipid profiles predict improved glycemic control in obese, nondiabetic patients after a low-caloric diet intervention: the Diet, Obesity and Genes randomized trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An aim of weight loss is to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in obese subjects. However, the relation with long-term glycemic improvement remains unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the changes in lipid composition during weight loss and their association with long-term glycemic improvement.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the plasma lipidome of 383 obese, nondiabetic patients within a randomized, controlled dietary intervention in 8 European countries at baseline, after an 8-wk low-caloric diet (LCD) (800-1000 kcal/d), and after 6 mo of weight maintenance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After weight loss, a lipid signature identified 2 groups of patients who were comparable at baseline but who differed in their capacities to lose weight and improve glycemic control. Six months after the LCD, one group had significant glycemic improvement [homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) mean change: -0.92; 95% CI: -1.17, -0.67)]. The other group showed no improvement in glycemic control (HOMA-IR mean change: -0.26; 95% CI: -0.64, 0.13). These differences were sustained for ≥1 y after the LCD. The same conclusions were obtained with other endpoints (Matsuda index and fasting insulin and glucose concentrations). Significant differences between the 2 groups were shown in leptin gene expression in adipose tissue biopsies. Significant differences were also observed in weight-related endpoints (body mass index, weight, and fat mass). The lipid signature allowed prediction of which subjects would be considered to be insulin resistant after 6 mo of weight maintenance [validation's receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC): 71%; 95% CI: 62%, 81%]. This model outperformed a clinical data-only model (validation's ROC AUC: 61%; 95% CI: 50%, 71%; P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, we report a lipid signature of LCD success (for weight and glycemic outcome) in obese, nondiabetic patients. Lipid changes during an 8-wk LCD allowed us to predict insulin-resistant patients after 6 mo of weight maintenance. The determination of the lipid composition during an LCD enables the identification of nonresponders and may help clinicians manage metabolic outcomes with further intervention, thereby improving the long-term outcome and preventing T2D. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00390637.
authors: Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland; armand.valsesia@rd.nestle.com mojgan.masoodi@rd.nestle.com.
authors: Armand
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0746-9664
authors: A
authors: Valsesia
authors: Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands;
authors: Wim Hm
authors: WH
authors: Saris
authors: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and.
authors: Arne
authors: A
authors: Astrup
authors: Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland;
authors: Jörg
authors: J
authors: Hager
authors: Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada armand.valsesia@rd.nestle.com mojgan.masoodi@rd.nestle.com.
authors: Mojgan
authors: M
authors: Masoodi
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D015992:Body Mass Index; D000068959:Body Weight Maintenance; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020738:Leptin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D012372:ROC Curve; D012307:Risk Factors; D050507:Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020738:Leptin
keywords: adipose tissue; dietary intervention; insulin resistance; lipidemia; obesity; weight loss