title: Ectopic blastema induction by nerve deviation and skin wounding: a new regeneration model in Xenopus laevis.
abstract: Recently, the accessory limb model (ALM) has become an alternative study system for limb regeneration studies in axolotls instead of using an amputated limb. ALM progresses limb regeneration study in axolotls because of its advantages. To apply and/or to compare knowledge in axolotl ALM studies to other vertebrates is a conceivable next step. First, Xenopus laevis, an anuran amphibian, was investigated. A Xenopus frog has hypomorphic regeneration ability. Its regeneration ability has been considered intermediate between that of non-regenerative higher vertebrates and regenerative urodele amphibians. Here, we successfully induced an accessory blastema in Xenopus by skin wounding and rerouting of brachial nerve bundles to the wound site, which is the regular ALM surgery. The induced Xenopus ALM blastemas have limited regenerative potential compared with axolotl ALM blastemas. Comparison of ALM blastemas from species with different regenerative potentials may facilitate the identification of the novel expression programs necessary for the formation of cartilage and other tissues during limb regeneration.
authors: Okayama University, Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka Kitaku Okayama 700-8530 Japan.
authors: Kazumasa
authors: K
authors: Mitogawa
authors: Okayama University, Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka Kitaku Okayama 700-8530 Japan.
authors: Ayako
authors: A
authors: Hirata
authors: Okayama University, Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka Kitaku Okayama 700-8530 Japan.
authors: Miyuki
authors: M
authors: Moriyasu
authors: Okayama University, Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka Kitaku Okayama 700-8530 Japan.
authors: Aki
authors: A
authors: Makanae
authors: Division of Liberal Arts, Aichi Gakuin University Nissin Aichi 470-0195 Japan.
authors: Shinichirou
authors: S
authors: Miura
authors: Division of Liberal Arts, Aichi Gakuin University Nissin Aichi 470-0195 Japan.
authors: Tetsuya
authors: T
authors: Endo
authors: Okayama University, Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka Kitaku Okayama 700-8530 Japan.
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Satoh
keywords: Accessory limb model (ALM); Xenopus laevis; blastema; limb regeneration; nerve