title: Heterologous Production of Cyanobacterial Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids Mycosporine-Ornithine and Mycosporine-Lysine in Escherichia coli.
abstract: Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are an important class of secondary metabolites known for their protection against UV radiation and other stress factors. Cyanobacteria produce a variety of MAAs, including shinorine, the active ingredient in many sunscreen creams. Bioinformatic analysis of the genome of the soil-dwelling cyanobacterium Cylindrospermum stagnale PCC 7417 revealed a new gene cluster with homology to MAA synthase from Nostoc punctiforme This newly identified gene cluster is unusual because it has five biosynthesis genes (mylA to mylE), compared to the four found in other MAA gene clusters. Heterologous expression of mylA to mylE in Escherichia coli resulted in the production of mycosporine-lysine and the novel compound mycosporine-ornithine. To our knowledge, this is the first time these compounds have been heterologously produced in E. coli and structurally characterized via direct spectral guidance. This study offers insight into the diversity, biosynthesis, and structure of cyanobacterial MAAs and highlights their amenability to heterologous production methods.
  
  
  
  Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are significant from an environmental microbiological perspective as they offer microbes protection against a variety of stress factors, including UV radiation. The heterologous expression of MAAs in E. coli is also significant from a biotechnological perspective as MAAs are the active ingredient in next-generation sunscreens.
authors: School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Microbial Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu, India.
authors: Meenu
authors: M
authors: Katoch
authors: School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors: Rabia
authors: R
authors: Mazmouz
authors: School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors: Rocky
authors: R
authors: Chau
authors: School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors: Leanne A
authors: LA
authors: Pearson
authors: Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors: Russell
authors: R
authors: Pickford
authors: School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia b.neilan@unsw.edu.au.
authors: Brett A
authors: BA
authors: Neilan
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008239:Lysine / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D009952:Ornithine / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D009952:Ornithine; D008239:Lysine