title: Characterization of the response of taurine protons to PRESS at 9.4 T for Resolving choline and Determining taurine T2.
abstract: Point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS), characterized by two TEs (TE1 and TE2 ), can be employed to perform animal magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies at 9.4 T. Taurine (Tau) and choline (Cho) are relevant metabolites that can be measured by MRS. In this work, the response of the J-coupled protons of Tau as a function of PRESS TE1 and TE2 was characterized at 9.4 T to achieve two objectives. The first was to determine two TE1 and TE2 combinations that could be used to obtain T2 -corrected measures of Tau (3.42 ppm) that were minimally influenced by J coupling. The second was to exploit the Tau J coupling to find a timing combination that minimized the 3.25-ppm Tau signal to enable the Cho (3.22 ppm) resonance to be resolved from the overlapping Tau signal. The response of Tau protons was investigated both numerically and experimentally. It was numerically determined that the timings {TE1 , TE2 } = {17 ms, 10 ms} and {TE1 , TE2 } = {80 ms, 70 ms} yielded similar 3.42-ppm Tau resonance areas (5% difference), rendering them suitable for Tau T2 determination. {TE1 , TE2 } = {25 ms, 50 ms} was found to yield minimal 3.25-ppm Tau signal, reducing its interference with Cho. The efficacy of the timings was demonstrated on phantom solutions and in vivo in four Sprague Dawley rats. LCModel was employed to analyse the in vivo spectra and Tau T2 values were estimated by fitting the Tau peak areas obtained with {TE1 , TE2 } = {17 ms, 10 ms} and {TE1 , TE2 } = {80 ms, 70 ms} to a monoexponentially decaying function. An average Tau T2 of 106 ms (standard deviation, 12 ms) was obtained. LCModel analysis of rat spectra obtained with {TE1 , TE2 } = {25 ms, 50 ms} demonstrated negligible levels of Tau signal, compared with that obtained with short TE.
authors: Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors: Marissa E
authors: ME
authors: Fisher
authors: Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors: Brennen J
authors: BJ
authors: Dobberthien
authors: Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.|Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors: Anthony G
authors: AG
authors: Tessier
authors: Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. ayahya@ualberta.ca.|Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada. ayahya@ualberta.ca.
authors: Atiyah
authors: A
authors: Yahya
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D002794:Choline / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013654:Taurine / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D013654:Taurine; D002794:Choline
keywords: 9.4 T; J coupling; choline; magnetic resonance spectroscopy; point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS); taurine; transverse relaxation