title: Glyphosate sub-lethal toxicity to non-target organisms occurring in Jatropha curcas plantations in Brazil.
abstract: Weed management in physic nut plantations has generally been performed by spraying the herbicide glyphosate. However, the effects of glyphosate on non-target organisms present in the crop system are unknown. Here, we evaluated the toxicity of glyphosate (Roundup Transorb(®)) against the pest species Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) and Tetranychus bastosi (Acari: Tetranychidae) which can be exposed by drift. These mites are considered pests of the physic nut; however, they can also feed and reside on weeds associated with the crop, serving as food sources for predatory mites. When subjected to residue (by ingestion of sap of treated plants), and direct contact to glyphosate, P. latus reproduction was affected but T. bastosi was affected only by the residual effect. Although the herbicide caused a reduction in the number of eggs laid by the females of both pest mites, it is suggested that sublethal effects of glyphosate stimulates oviposition of P. latus and T. bastosi: both species displayed higher reproductive rates when exposed to 0.36 kg ha(-1) of the herbicide. We conclude that glyphosate negatively affects the arthropod herbivores studied and we discuss possible implications on their biological control in Jatropha curcas plantations.
authors: Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), PO BOX 66, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil.
authors: Althiéris Souza
authors: AS
authors: de Saraiva
authors: Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), PO BOX 66, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil. rsarmento@uft.edu.br.
authors: Renato Almeida
authors: RA
authors: Sarmento
authors: Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), PO BOX 66, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil.
authors: Marçal
authors: M
authors: Pedro-Neto
authors: Embrapa Coastal Tablelands, Av. Beira Mar 3250, Jardins, CEP 49025-040, Caixa Postal 44, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.|Graduate Program in Agroecology, Maranhão State University (UEMA), PO Box 09, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
authors: Adenir Vieira
authors: AV
authors: Teodoro
authors: Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), PO BOX 66, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil.
authors: Eduardo Andrea Lemus
authors: EA
authors: Erasmo
authors: Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), PO BOX 66, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil.
authors: Diana Cléssia Vieira
authors: DC
authors: Belchior
authors: Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), PO BOX 66, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil.
authors: Emiliano Brandão
authors: EB
authors: de Azevedo
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D031286:Jatropha / Q000254:growth & development; D008925:Mites / Q000187:drug effects*; D010058:Oviposition / Q000187:drug effects; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000633:toxicity*; D040102:Tetranychidae / Q000187:drug effects; D000097797:Glyphosate
chemical_list: D005998:Glycine; D006540:Herbicides; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D000097797:Glyphosate
keywords: Herbicide; Polyphagotarsonemus latus; Reproduction; Tetranychus bastosi; Toxicity