title: In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in injectable thermo-sensitive chitosan/β-glycerophosphate/hydroxyapatite hydrogel.
abstract: Injectable thermo-sensitive hydrogels have a potential application in bone tissue engineering for their sensitivities and minimal invasive properties. Human dental pulp stem cells have been considered a promising tool for tissue reconstruction. The objective of this study was to investigate the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells in injectable thermo-sensitive chitosan/β-glycerophosphate/hydroxyapatite hydrogel in vitro. The chitosan /β-glycerophosphate hydrogel and chitosan/β-glycerophosphate/hydroxyapatite hydrogel were prepared using the sol-gel method. The injectability of chitosan /β-glycerophosphate hydrogel and chitosan/β-glycerophosphate/hydroxyapatite hydrogel was measured using a commercial disposable syringe. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the inner structure of hydrogels. Then dental pulp stem cells were seeded in chitosan /β-glycerophosphate hydrogel and chitosan/β-glycerophosphate/hydroxyapatite hydrogel, respectively. The growth of dental pulp stem cells was periodically observed under an inverted microscope. The proliferation of dental pulp stem cells was detected by using an Alamar Blue kit, while cell apoptosis was determined by using a Live/Dead Viability/Cytotoxicity kit. The osteogenic differentiations of dental pulp stem cells in chitosan /β-glycerophosphate hydrogel and chitosan/β-glycerophosphate/hydroxyapatite hydrogel were evaluated by alkaline phosphatase activity assay and mRNA expression of osteogenesis gene for 21 days in osteogenic medium. The results indicated that there was no significant difference between chitosan /β-glycerophosphate hydrogel and chitosan/β-glycerophosphate/hydroxyapatite hydrogel in injectability. Cells within the chitosan/β-glycerophosphate/hydroxyapatite hydrogel displayed a typical adherent cell morphology and rapid proliferation with high cellular viability after 14 days of culture. Dental pulp stem cells seeded in chitosan/β-glycerophosphate/hydroxyapatite hydrogels had a higher alkaline phosphatase activity and better up-regulation of gene expression levels of Runx-2, Collagen I, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin than in chitosan /β-glycerophosphate hydrogels after osteogenic differentiation. These results demonstrated that the chitosan/β-glycerophosphate/hydroxyapatite hydrogel had excellent cellular compatibility and the superiority in promoting dental pulp stem cells osteogenic differentiation in vitro, showing that the combination of dental pulp stem cells and chitosan/β-glycerophosphate/hydroxyapatite hydrogel has the potential to be used for bone tissue engineering.
authors: Cell Culture and Bioprocess Engineering Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.
authors: Yantian
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: Cell Culture and Bioprocess Engineering Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.
authors: Fengli
authors: F
authors: Zhang
authors: Cell Culture and Bioprocess Engineering Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.
authors: Qiang
authors: Q
authors: Fu
authors: Cell Culture and Bioprocess Engineering Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Cell Culture and Bioprocess Engineering Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China wangzejian@sjtu.edu.cn biotech@sjtu.edu.cn.
authors: Zejian
authors: Z
authors: Wang
authors: Cell Culture and Bioprocess Engineering Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China Asia Stem Cell BK, Limited, China.
authors: Nianmin
authors: N
authors: Qi
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000293:Adolescent; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology* / Q000637:transplantation*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005994:Glycerophosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry*; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D005994:Glycerophosphates; D020100:Hydrogels; D048271:Chitosan; D017886:Durapatite; C031463:beta-glycerophosphoric acid
keywords: Human dental pulp stem cells; chitosan hydrogel; hydroxyapatite; osteogenic differentiation; three-dimensional proliferation