title: Characterization of Chemosynthetic Microbial Mats Associated with Intertidal Hydrothermal Sulfur Vents in White Point, San Pedro, CA, USA.
abstract: The shallow-sea hydrothermal vents at White Point (WP) in Palos Verdes on the southern California coast support microbial mats and provide easily accessed settings in which to study chemolithoautotrophic sulfur cycling. Previous studies have cultured sulfur-oxidizing bacteria from the WP mats; however, almost nothing is known about the in situ diversity and activity of the microorganisms in these habitats. We studied the diversity, micron-scale spatial associations and metabolic activity of the mat community via sequence analysis of 16S rRNA and aprA genes, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) microscopy and sulfate reduction rate (SRR) measurements. Sequence analysis revealed a diverse group of bacteria, dominated by sulfur cycling gamma-, epsilon-, and deltaproteobacterial lineages such as Marithrix, Sulfurovum, and Desulfuromusa. FISH microscopy suggests a close physical association between sulfur-oxidizing and sulfur-reducing genotypes, while radiotracer studies showed low, but detectable, SRR. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses indicate the WP sulfur vent microbial mat community is similar, but distinct from other hydrothermal vent communities representing a range of biotopes and lithologic settings. These findings suggest a complete biological sulfur cycle is operating in the WP mat ecosystem mediated by diverse bacterial lineages, with some similarity with deep-sea hydrothermal vent communities.
authors: Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach CA, USA.
authors: Priscilla J
authors: PJ
authors: Miranda
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach CA, USA.
authors: Nathan K
authors: NK
authors: McLain
authors: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA, USA.
authors: Roland
authors: R
authors: Hatzenpichler
authors: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA, USA.
authors: Victoria J
authors: VJ
authors: Orphan
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach CA, USA.
authors: Jesse G
authors: JG
authors: Dillon
keywords: Desulfuromusa; fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH); hydrothermal vents; microbial mat; pyrosequencing; sulfate reduction rates; sulfur-cycling