title: Chilling requirements for hatching of a New Zealand isolate of Nematodirus filicollis.
abstract: The eggs of some species of the parasitic nematode Nematodirus require a period of chilling before they can hatch; N. filicollis is one such species. This study investigated this requirement for chilling in a New Zealand strain of this species. Eggs of N. filicollis were extracted from lamb's faeces and incubated at 20°C to allow development to the third stage larvae within the egg. These eggs were then placed into tissue culture plates and incubated at: 2.7°C (±0.99), 3.6°C (±0.90), 4.7°C (±0.35), 6.4°C (±0.37), 8.0°C (±1.54) or 9.9°C (±0.14) for up to 224 days. At 14day intervals until day 84, then every 28 days, one plate was removed from each temperature and placed at 13.1°C (±0.44) for 14 days. Eggs were then assessed for hatching. From this data, chill units were calculated by subtracting the culture temperature from a constant threshold of 11°C and multiplying by the number of days for which the sample was cultured; then the Gompertz model fitted. Even though hatching overall was low, a greater proportion of eggs hatched with chill accumulation. Maximum hatching of eggs required 800-1000 chill units. Consequently in the field, more than one season of chilling would be required before hatching. As such a generation time could take more than one year to complete. This is different to the hatching dynamics of N. spathiger, the other main species found in New Zealand sheep, which does not display this requirement for chilling and hatches immediately once the third stage larvae are developed.
authors: AgResearch Grasslands, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
authors: A-M B
authors: AM
authors: Oliver
authors: Institute for Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
authors: W E
authors: WE
authors: Pomroy
authors: AgResearch Grasslands, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Ganesh
authors: AgResearch Grasslands, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. Electronic address: dave.leathwick@agresearch.co.nz.
authors: D M
authors: DM
authors: Leathwick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003080:Cold Temperature; D018509:DNA, Helminth / Q000032:analysis; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D057808:Nematodirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D009520:New Zealand; D010063:Ovum / Q000254:growth & development; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000469:parasitology*; D017206:Strongylida Infections / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018509:DNA, Helminth
keywords: Chill; Filicollis; Hatching; Nematodirus