title: Growth Factors in Bone Marrow Blood of the Mandible With Application of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Enhancement of bone regeneration is crucial to dental implantology. Growth factors play a significant role during osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) enhances bone healing; however, no studies have yet been performed in oral implantology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients who underwent bilateral mandibular wisdom tooth removal were included. ESWT was applied to 1 side of the jaw. Blood samples were collected from the peripheral vein (PB), mandibular bone marrow without and with ESWT (BM-/+SW). Quantity and quality of the growth factors bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, BMP-4, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) were investigated via ELISA and cell proliferation assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ELISA revealed superior amounts of IGF-1 and VEGF in BM-/+SW compared to PB (P < 0.05). TGF-β demonstrated no variance. Levels of BMP-2 and BMP-4 were too low for adequate detection in the ELISA. No difference was noticed upon ESWT. The cell proliferation assay did not identify any changes comparing PB versus BM-SW versus BM + SW.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IGF-1 and VEGF are present at higher levels in mandibular bone marrow than in peripheral blood (PB). This study did not identify any benefits of extracorporeal shock wave therapy to increase the investigated growth factors.
authors: *Surgeon, Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Dental School (Carolinum), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. †Research Associate, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Koeln, Germany. ‡Associate Professor and Director, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Germany. §Associate Professor and Director, Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Dental School (Carolinum), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors: Jacqueline A
authors: JA
authors: Pfaff
authors: Birgit
authors: B
authors: Boelck
authors: Wilhelm
authors: W
authors: Bloch
authors: Georg-Hubertus
authors: GH
authors: Nentwig
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000737:chemistry*; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000032:analysis; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D019220:High-Energy Shock Waves / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; C525809:BMP4 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I