title: Progression From Perianal High-Grade Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia to Anal Cancer in HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex With Men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia is known to progress to invasive squamous-cell carcinoma of the anus. There are limited reports on the rate of progression from high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia to anal cancer in HIV-positive men who have sex with men.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to describe in HIV-positive men who have sex with men with perianal high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia the rate of progression to anal cancer and the factors associated with that progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at an outpatient clinic at a tertiary care center in Toronto.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight patients with perianal high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia were identified among 550 HIV-positive men who have sex with men.
  
  
  METHODS
  All of the patients had high-resolution anoscopy for symptoms, screening, or surveillance with follow-up monitoring/treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured the incidence of anal cancer per 100 person-years of follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven (of 38) patients (18.4%) with perianal high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia developed anal cancer. The rate of progression was 6.9 (95% CI, 2.8-14.2) cases of anal cancer per 100 person-years of follow-up. A diagnosis of AIDS, previously treated anal cancer, and loss of integrity of the lesion were associated with progression. Anal bleeding was more than twice as common in patients who progressed to anal cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was the potential for selection bias and patients were offered treatment, which may have affected incidence estimates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV-positive men who have sex with men should be monitored for perianal high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. Those with high-risk features for the development of anal cancer may need more aggressive therapy.
authors: 1 Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 2 Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 3 Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 4 Department of Medicine, Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada 5 Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 6 Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 7 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 8 Department of Family and Community Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Jill
authors: J
authors: Tinmouth
authors: Valentina
authors: V
authors: Peeva
authors: Henok
authors: H
authors: Amare
authors: Sandra
authors: S
authors: Blitz
authors: Janet
authors: J
authors: Raboud
authors: Marie
authors: M
authors: Sano
authors: Leah
authors: L
authors: Steele
authors: Irving E
authors: IE
authors: Salit
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000473:pathology*; D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult