title: Early life growth, socioeconomic status, and mammographic breast density in an urban US birth cohort.
abstract: Rapid infant and childhood growth has been associated with chronic disease later in life, including breast cancer. Early life socioeconomic status (SES) influences childhood growth, but few studies have prospective measures from birth to consider the effects of early life growth and SES on breast cancer risk.
  
  
  
  We used prospectively measured early life SES and growth (percentile weight change in height and weight between each pair of consecutive time points at birth, 4 months, 1 and 7 years). We performed linear regression models to obtain standardized estimates of the association between 1 standard deviation increase in early life SES and growth and adult mammographic density (MD), a strong risk factor for breast cancer, in a diverse birth cohort (n = 151; 37% white, 38% black, 25% Puerto Rican; average age at mammogram = 42.4).
  
  
  
  In models adjusted for race/ethnicity, prenatal factors, birthweight, infant and childhood growth, and adult body mass index, percentile weight change from 1 year to 7 years was inversely associated with percent MD (standardized coefficient (Stdβ) = -0.28, 95% CI: -0.55 to -0.01), and higher early life SES was positively associated with percent MD (Stdβ = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.04-0.43). Similar associations were observed for dense area, but those estimates were not statistically significant.
  
  
  
  These results suggest opposite and independent effects of early life SES and growth on MD.
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology, Ryals School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham.
authors: Tomi F
authors: TF
authors: Akinyemiju
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.
authors: Parisa
authors: P
authors: Tehranifar
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY.
authors: Julie D
authors: JD
authors: Flom
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY.
authors: Yuyan
authors: Y
authors: Liao
authors: Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY.
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Wei
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY. Electronic address: mt146@columbia.edu.
authors: Mary Beth
authors: MB
authors: Terry
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001724:Birth Weight; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D000071060:Breast Density / Q000208:ethnology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016014:Linear Models; D008327:Mammography / Q000379:methods; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States; D014505:Urban Population; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: BMI; Birthweight; Childhood body size; Life course; Mammographic density; Socioeconomic status