title: Role of Personal Resources in Depression and Stress in Heart Transplant Recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heart transplantation is the primary option for heart failure treatment and increases the survival rate and the quality of life for recipients. However, this surgical intervention induces numerous psychological problems, such as depression and anxiety. Protective factors and personal recourses are a significant force behind healthy adjustment to life stresses. The aim of this study was to assess the role of personal recourses in terms of depression and stress in heart transplant recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study involved a sample of 131 post-heart transplant patients. Standardized instruments were used to measure the key constructs: Beck Depression Inventory Short Form for prevalence of depression, Perceived Stress Scale for prevalence distress, and Sense of Coherence (SOC-29), Life Orientation Test, and General Self-Efficacy Scale for measuring personal resources.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that sense of coherence, optimism, and self-efficacy proved to be significant predictors for the prevalence of both depression and stress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These result suggest that the assessment of coping strategies and sense of coherence in heart transplant recipients requires exploration. Evaluating coping strategies and sense of coherence before surgery seems significant and begins with developing skills in this domain.
authors: Cardiovascular Surgery Transplantology Department, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Krakow, Poland; Institute of Health, State Higher Vocational School, Nowy Sacz, Poland. Electronic address: imilan@szpitaljp2.krakow.pl.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Milaniak
authors: Faculty of Psychology and Humanities, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Krakow, Poland.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Wilczek-Rużyczka
authors: Cardiovascular Surgery Transplantology Department, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland; First Chair of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Wierzbicki
authors: Cardiovascular Surgery Transplantology Department, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland; First Chair of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Sadowski
authors: Cardiovascular Surgery Transplantology Department, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland; First Chair of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Kapelak
authors: Cardiovascular Surgery Transplantology Department, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland; First Chair of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland; Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Przybyłowski
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006295:Health Resources; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D020377:Self Efficacy; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires