title: Ischemic post-conditioning attenuates renal ischemic reperfusion injury via down-regulation of toll-like receptor 4 in diabetic rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which is commonly seen in the field of renal surgery or transplantation, is a major cause of acute renal failure (ARF). The ischemic ARF in diabetic rats is much more severe than that in the normal rats exposed to as same ischemic time. Ischemic post-conditioning (IPO) is a phenomenon by which intermittent interruptions of blood flow in the early phase of reperfusion can protect organs from I/R injury. To determine whether the renal protection effect of IPO mediates by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway in diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation group, I/R group, and IPO group. Except sham operation group, rats were subjected to 30 min of renal ischemia, both with and without treatment with IPO, then reperfusion 24 h. Light microscope and transmission electronic microscope were used to observe structural changes of renal tubule. RT-PCR was used to measure TLR4 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) mRNA expression level, renal TLR4 and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) protein expression was detected by Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results demonstrated that IPO markedly decreased renal ischemic injury caused by I/R and inhibited the proinflammatory expression levels of TLR4, TNF-α, and NF-κB, all of which up-regulated by I/R in diabetic rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, our results suggest that proper IPO may have protective effect on the ischemic injury mediated by renal I/R, which might be associated with inhibition of TLR4 signaling pathway in diabetic rats.
authors: a Department of Urology , Central Hospital of Xianning City, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology , Xianning , Hubei Province , PR China.
authors: Bo Tao
authors: BT
authors: Jiang
authors: b Department of Respiratory Medicine , Central Hospital of Xianning City, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology , Xianning , Hubei Province , PR China.
authors: Qing Zhi
authors: QZ
authors: Chen
authors: a Department of Urology , Central Hospital of Xianning City, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology , Xianning , Hubei Province , PR China.
authors: Zong Hua
authors: ZH
authors: Guo
authors: a Department of Urology , Central Hospital of Xianning City, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology , Xianning , Hubei Province , PR China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Zou
authors: c Department of Pediatrics , Central Hospital of Xianning City, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology , Xianning , Hubei Province , PR China.
authors: Xiong
authors: X
authors: Chen
authors: a Department of Urology , Central Hospital of Xianning City, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology , Xianning , Hubei Province , PR China.
authors: Wen Liang
authors: WL
authors: Zha
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D057775:Ischemic Postconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C495347:Tlr4 protein, rat; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D004247:DNA
keywords: Diabetes; ischemia/reperfusion; ischemic post-conditioning; toll-like receptor 4