title: Development, validation, and application of a method for selected avermectin determination in rural waters using high performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection.
abstract: Avermectins (AVM) are macrocyclic lactones used in livestock and agriculture. A quantitative method of high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection for the determination of eprinomectin, abamectin, doramectin and ivermectin in rural water samples was developed and validated. The method was employed to study samples collected in the Pito Aceso River microbasin, located in the Bom Jardim municipality, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Samples were extracted by solid phase extraction using a polymeric stationary phase, the eluted fraction was re-concentrated under a gentle N2 flow and derivatized to allow AVM determination using liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The excitation and emission wavelengths of the derivatives were 365 and 470nm, respectively, and a total chromatographic run of 12min was achieved. Very low limits of quantification (22-58ngL(-1)) were found after re-concentration using N2. Recovery values varied from 85.7% to 119.2% with standard deviations between 1.2% and 10.2%. The validated method was applied in the determination of AVM in 15 water samples collected in the Pito Aceso River microbasin, but most of them were free of AVM or showed only trace levels of these compounds, except for a sample that contained doramectin (9.11µgL(-1)). The method is suitable for routine analysis with satisfactory recovery, sensitivity, and selectivity.
authors: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, 24020-141, Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Química Analítica Fundamental e Aplicada, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, 24020-141, Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
authors: Maria Augusta Travassos
authors: MA
authors: Lemos
authors: Laboratório de Química Analítica Fundamental e Aplicada, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, 24020-141, Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
authors: Camila Alves
authors: CA
authors: Matos
authors: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, 24020-141, Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Química Analítica Fundamental e Aplicada, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, 24020-141, Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
authors: Michele Fabri
authors: MF
authors: de Resende
authors: Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa Solos), Rua Jardim Botânico, 1024 Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22460-000, Brazil.
authors: Rachel Bardy
authors: RB
authors: Prado
authors: Laboratório de Química Analítica Fundamental e Aplicada, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, 24020-141, Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
authors: Raquel Andrade
authors: RA
authors: Donagemma
authors: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, 24020-141, Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Química Analítica Fundamental e Aplicada, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, 24020-141, Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil. Electronic address: annibal@vm.uff.br.
authors: Annibal Duarte Pereira
authors: AD
authors: Netto
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005453:Fluorescence; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis*; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D014867:Water; C048324:abamectin; D007559:Ivermectin; C019264:avermectin; C101434:eprinomectin; C084101:doramectin
keywords: Avermectins; HPLC-Fluo; High performance of liquid chromatography; Macrocyclic lactones; Pesticides; Rural water contamination