title: Treatment effect expressed as the novel Delay of Event measure is associated with high willingness to initiate preventive treatment - A randomized survey experiment comparing effect measures.
abstract: This study aimed to investigate patients' willingness to initiate a preventive treatment and compared two established effect measures to the newly developed Delay of Events (DoE) measure that expresses treatment effect as a gain in event-free time.
  
  
  
  In this cross-sectional, randomized survey experiment in the general Swedish population,1079 respondents (response rate 60.9%) were asked to consider a preventive cardiovascular treatment. Respondents were randomly allocated to one of three effect descriptions: DoE, relative risk reduction (RRR), or absolute risk reduction (ARR). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed investigating willingness to initiate treatment, views on treatment benefit, motivation and importance to adhere and willingness to pay for treatment.
  
  
  
  Eighty-one percent were willing to take the medication when the effect was described as DoE, 83.0% when it was described as RRR and 62.8% when it was described as ARR. DoE and RRR was further associated with positive views on treatment benefit, motivation, importance to adhere and WTP.
  
  
  
  Presenting treatment effect as DoE or RRR was associated with a high willingness to initiate treatment.
  
  
  
  An approach based on the novel time-based measure DoE may be of value in clinical communication and shared decision making.
authors: Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: erik.berglund@pubcare.uu.se.
authors: Erik
authors: E
authors: Berglund
authors: Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors: Ragnar
authors: R
authors: Westerling
authors: Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors: Johan
authors: J
authors: Sundström
authors: Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors: Per
authors: P
authors: Lytsy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D033182:Intention; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D012306:Risk; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents
keywords: Adherence; Decision-making; Preventive measures; Randomized; Survey experiment; Treatment outcome