title: Effects of resveratrol and cigarette smoking onbone healing: histomorphometric evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of cigarette smoke (CS) and simultaneous application of resveratrol on bone healing histomorphometrically and to evaluate the effects of resveratrol on negative effects of CS.
  
  
  METHODS
  For 4 weeks, Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to cigarette smoke at the equivalent of 6 cigarettes per day. After this period, monocortical defects were created in femurs by a trephine bur on day 28. Starting from the day of defect creation to the 28th postoperative day, rats were given 20 mg/kg body weight resveratrol. Histomorphometric examination of the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, as well as new bone area, was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Investigations were carried out on 33 rats. Differences between osteoblast numbers in the control and CS groups were significant, and CS caused a reduction in the number of osteoblasts. Areas of new bone formation in the resveratrol and control groups were higher than in the smoking and smoking+resveratrol groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking appeared to have adverse effects upon bone healing and resveratrol administration helped to reduce these effects.
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
authors: Özge
authors: Ö
authors: Kolkesen Şahin
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
authors: Müge
authors: M
authors: Çina Aksoy
authors: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University Konya, Turkey.
authors: Mustafa Cihat
authors: MC
authors: Avunduk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000073865:Cigarette Smoking; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000077185:Resveratrol; D012906:Smoke; D013267:Stilbenes
chemical_list: D012906:Smoke; D013267:Stilbenes; D000077185:Resveratrol
keywords: Cigarette smoking; new bone area; osteoblast; osteoclast; resveratrol