title: Quantification of soy protein using the isotope method (δ(13)C and δ(15)N) for commercial brands of beef hamburger.
abstract: Hamburgers (beef patties) may be adulterated through the overuse of protein extenders. Among vegetables, soy protein is the best substitute for animal protein. These ingredients help to reduce the cost of producing a final product, and they maximize profits for fraudulent industries. Moreover, the ingestion of soy or other non-meat proteins by allergic individuals may present a health risk. In addition, monitoring by supervisory bodies is hampered by a lack of appropriate analytical methodologies. Within this context, the aim of this study was to determine and quantify the levels of added soy protein by determination of (15)N and (13)C stable isotopes. A total of 100 beef hamburger samples from 10 commercial brands were analyzed. Only three samples of the G brand were within the standards set the Brazilian legislation. The remaining 97 samples from 10 commercial brands contained >4% soy protein; therefore, they are adulterated and not in compliance with the current legislation.
authors: Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, s/n, Botucatu, SP Postal Code 18.618-970, Brazil. Electronic address: rhaniducatti13@hotmail.com.
authors: Rhani
authors: R
authors: Ducatti
authors: Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, s/n, Botucatu, SP Postal Code 18.618-970, Brazil.
authors: José Paes
authors: JP
authors: de Almeida Nogueira Pinto
authors: Department of Production and Plant Breeding, School of Agronomic Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Fazenda Lageado, Portaria I: Rua José Barbosa de Barros, No. 1780, Botucatu, SP Postal Code 18.610-307, Brazil.
authors: Maria Márcia Pereira
authors: MMP
authors: Sartori
authors: Center of Stable Isotopes, Institute of Biosciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, s/n, Botucatu, SP Postal Code 18.618-970, Brazil.
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Ducatti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D002417:Cattle; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D030262:Soybean Proteins
keywords: Adulteration; Hamburger meat; Soy protein; Stable isotopes