title: Evolution of camel CYP2E1 and its associated power of binding toxic industrial chemicals and drugs.
abstract: Camels are raised in harsh desert environment for hundreds of years ago. By modernization of live and the growing industrial revolution in camels rearing areas, camels are exposed to considerable amount of chemicals, industrial waste, environmental pollutions and drugs. Furthermore, camels have unique gene evolution of some genes to withstand living in harsh environments. In this work, the camel cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is compromised to detect its evolution rate and its power to bind with various chemicals, protoxins, procarcinogens, industrial toxins and drugs. In comparison with human CYP2E1, camel CYP2E1 more efficiently binds to small toxins as aniline, benzene, catechol, amides, butadiene, toluene and acrylamide. Larger compounds were more preferentially bound to the human CYP2E1 in comparison with camel CYP2E1. The binding of inhalant anesthetics was almost similar in both camel and human CYP2E1 coinciding with similar anesthetic effect as well as toxicity profiles. Furthermore, evolutionary analysis indicated the high evolution rate of camel CYP2E1 in comparison with human, farm and companion animals. The evolution rate of camel CYP2E1 was among the highest evolution rate in a subset of 57 different organisms. These results indicate rapid evolution and potent toxin binding power of camel CYP2E1.
authors: Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary, King Faisal University, Alhofuf, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelshikh University, Kafrelshikh 33516, Egypt,. Electronic address: Mahmoud.kandeal@vet.kfs.edu.eg.
authors: Mahmoud
authors: M
authors: Kandeel
authors: Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary, King Faisal University, Alhofuf, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Abdullah
authors: A
authors: Altaher
authors: Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, Yachigusa 1247, Yakuza, Toyota 470-0392, Japan.
authors: Yukio
authors: Y
authors: Kitade
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelshikh University, Kafrelshikh 33516, Egypt.
authors: Magdi
authors: M
authors: Abdelaziz
authors: Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary, King Faisal University, Alhofuf, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Mohamed
authors: M
authors: Alnazawi
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelshikh University, Kafrelshikh 33516, Egypt.
authors: Kamal
authors: K
authors: Elshazli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053961:Azabicyclo Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001665:Binding Sites; D002070:Butadienes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002162:Camelus / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D002415:Cats; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D010879:Piperazines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D053961:Azabicyclo Compounds; D002070:Butadienes; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D010879:Piperazines; C515050:zopiclone; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; C031763:1,3-butadiene
keywords: Binding; Cytochrome P450; Docking; Evolution rate; Molecular modeling