title: Comparative cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of permethrin and its nanometric form on human erythrocytes and lymphocytes in vitro.
abstract: The research on the novel pesticides such as nanopesticides has become inevitable to control the mosquito population. Nanopermethrin (NP), one of such kind was formulated in pesticide loaded oil-in-water (o/w) microemulsion by rapid evaporation. Even though NP possess improved efficacy against the target pests, the toxicological investigation on the human or mammalian system remains unexplored. So, the present study focused on a comparative investigation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of NP in vitro and its commercial parental bulk form of permethrin (BP) on human peripheral erythrocyte/lymphocyte by erythrocyte morphology analysis, cell viability assay, and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. The NP and BP concentrations (10, 25, 50 and 100 μg/ml) interacted with human blood cells, and the morphological changes were observed using a phase contrast microscope. The drastic increase of echinocyte was observed at 24, 48 and 72 h treatment as compared with the control. The cell viability studies have shown the significant decrease with increase in NP and BP concentration. CBMN study showed a series correlation in the number of micronuclei, bridge, bud, trinucleated and tetranucleated when interacted with different levels of NP and BP, as comparative to control *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001, ***p < 0.0001.
authors: Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India.
authors: Rajiv
authors: R
authors: Sundaramoorthy
authors: Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India.
authors: Yuvaraj
authors: Y
authors: Velusamy
authors: Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India.
authors: A P B
authors: AP
authors: Balaji
authors: Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India.
authors: Amitava
authors: A
authors: Mukherjee
authors: Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India. Electronic address: nchandrasekaran@vit.ac.in.
authors: Natarajan
authors: N
authors: Chandrasekaran
mesh_terms: D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity; D026023:Permethrin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D026023:Permethrin
keywords: Cytotoxicity; Erythrocyte; Genotoxicity; Lymphocyte; Nanopesticide; Permethrin