title: Effects of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) pre-exposure on the aversive effects of MDPV, cocaine and lithium chloride: Implications for abuse vulnerability.
abstract: Drug use is thought to be a balance of the rewarding and aversive effects of drugs. Understanding how various factors impact these properties and their relative balance may provide insight into their abuse potential. In this context, the present study attempted to evaluate the effects of drug history on the aversive effects of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), one of a variety of synthetic cathinones (collectively known as "bath salts").
  
  
  
  Different groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to either vehicle or MDPV (1.8mg/kg) once every fourth day for five total injections prior to taste avoidance conditioning in which a novel saccharin solution was repeatedly paired with either vehicle, MDPV (1.8mg/kg), the related psychostimulant cocaine (18mg/kg) or the emetic lithium chloride (LiCl) (13.65mg/kg).
  
  
  
  In animals pre-exposed to vehicle, all three drugs induced significant and comparable taste avoidance relative to animals injected with vehicle during conditioning. MDPV pre-exposure attenuated the avoidance induced by both MDPV and cocaine (greater attenuation for MDPV than cocaine), but had no effect on that induced by LiCl.
  
  
  
  These findings suggest that a history of MDPV use may reduce or attenuate MDPV and cocaine's (but not LiCl's) aversive effects. The implications for such changes in MDPV's aversive effects to its potential use and abuse were discussed.
authors: Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW Washington, D.C. 20016, USA. Electronic address: cw2606a@student.american.edu.
authors: Claudia J
authors: CJ
authors: Woloshchuk
authors: Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW Washington, D.C. 20016, USA.
authors: Katharine H
authors: KH
authors: Nelson
authors: Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors: Kenner C
authors: KC
authors: Rice
authors: Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW Washington, D.C. 20016, USA. Electronic address: alriley@american.edu.
authors: Anthony L
authors: AL
authors: Riley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D052117:Benzodioxoles / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects; D018021:Lithium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012201:Reward; D012439:Saccharin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D013649:Taste / Q000187:drug effects*; D000094982:Synthetic Cathinone
chemical_list: D052117:Benzodioxoles; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D012439:Saccharin; D018021:Lithium Chloride; D003042:Cocaine; D000094982:Synthetic Cathinone
keywords: Cocaine; Conditioned taste avoidance; Drug pre-exposure; LiCl; MDPV