title: Novel capsules for potential theranostics of obscure gastrointestinal bleedings.
abstract: Obscure gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is identified as persistent or repeated bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract which could not be defined by conventional gastrointestinal endoscopy and radiological examinations. These GI bleedings are assessed through invasive diagnostic and treatment methods including enteroscopy, angiography and endoscopy. In addition, video capsule endoscopy (VCE) is a non-invasive method used to determine the location of the bleeding, however, this does not provide any treatment. Despite of these successful but invasive methods, an effective non-invasive treatment is desperately needed. Herein, we prepare non-invasive theranostic capsules to cure obscure GI bleeding. An effective theranostic capsule containing endothelin as the targeting agent, thrombin-fibrinogen or fibrin as the treating agent, and fluorescein dye as the diagnostic tool is suggested. These theranostic capsules can be administered orally in a simple and non-invasive manner without a risk of complication. By using these novel capsules, one can diagnose obscure GI bleeding with having a possibility of curing.
authors: Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey. Electronic address: colakbayram@selcuk.edu.tr.
authors: Bayram
authors: B
authors: Çolak
authors: Advanced Technology Research and Application Center, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey; Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
authors: Hüseyin
authors: H
authors: Şakalak
authors: Advanced Technology Research and Application Center, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey; Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
authors: Halit
authors: H
authors: Çavuşoğlu
authors: Advanced Technology Research and Application Center, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey; Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey. Electronic address: selmanyavuz@selcuk.edu.tr.
authors: Mustafa Selman
authors: MS
authors: Yavuz
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000792:Angiography; D053704:Capsule Endoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002214:Capsules; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology; D005337:Fibrin / Q000737:chemistry; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000737:chemistry; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D013667:Technetium / Q000737:chemistry; D000068936:Theranostic Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods*; D013917:Thrombin / Q000737:chemistry; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D011108:Polymers; D013667:Technetium; D005337:Fibrin; D005340:Fibrinogen; D013917:Thrombin