title: Environmental Enteropathy: Elusive but Significant Subclinical Abnormalities in Developing Countries.
abstract: Environmental enteropathy/Environmental enteric dysfunction (EE/EED) is a chronic disease of small intestine characterized by gut inflammation and barrier disruption, malabsorption and systemic inflammation in the absence of diarrhea. It is predominantly diseases of children in low income countries and is hypothesized to be caused by continuous exposure to fecally contaminated food, water and fomites. It had not been recognized as a priority health issue because it does not cause overt symptoms and was seen in apparently healthy individuals. However, there is a growing concern of EE/EED because of its impact on longitudinal public health issues, such as growth faltering, oral vaccine low efficacy and poor neurocognitive development. Recent works have provided important clues to unravel its complex pathogenesis, and suggest possible strategies for controlling EE/EED. However, effective diagnostic methods and interventions remain unsettled. Here, we review the existing literature, especially about its pathogenesis, and discuss a solution for children living in the developing world.
authors: Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: kw2wq@virginia.edu.
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Watanabe
authors: Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. Electronic address: wap3g@virginia.edu.
authors: William A
authors: WA
authors: Petri
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D003906:Developing Countries; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014612:Vaccines
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014612:Vaccines
keywords: Environmental enteric dysfunction; Environmental enteropathy; Growth faltering; Neurocognitive development; Oral vaccine