title: Diabetes and increased lipid peroxidation are associated with systemic inflammation even in well-controlled patients.
abstract: The effect of the interaction between type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia on inflammation and lipid peroxidation (LPO) has not been assessed.
  
  
  
  To investigate whether diabetes coupled with dyslipidemia alters oxidative metabolism leading to increased LPO products and inflammatory status.
  
  
  
  100 patients were divided into four groups based upon diabetic and dyslipidemic status: poorly controlled diabetes with dyslipidemia (DM-PC/D), well-controlled diabetes with dyslipidemia (DM-WC/D), normoglycemic individuals with dyslipidemia (NG/D), and normoglycemic individuals without dyslipidemia (NG/ND). Plasma was evaluated for an LPO product (MDA), antioxidant levels and inflammatory cytokines.
  
  
  
  Diabetics presented significantly higher levels of LPO (p<0.05) and the DM-PC/D had higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines and MDA in the plasma in comparison with normoglycemics (p<0.05). Interestingly IL1-β, IL-6, and TNF-α in DM-WC/D were not statistically different from those in DM-PC/D. Normoglycemic individuals with dyslipidemia presented significantly increased levels of IL-6 and TNF-α when compared to normoglycemic without dyslipidemia (p<0.05). MDA levels were also positively correlated with the presence of DM complications (r=0.42, p<0.01).
  
  
  
  These findings show that dyslipidemia is associated with an increased inflammatory status, even in well-controlled diabetics and in normoglycemics. Our results suggest that lipid metabolism and peroxidation are important for the development of inflammation, which is elevated in several complications associated with diabetes.
authors: Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara School of Dentistry UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: allinyb@yahoo.com.br.
authors: Alliny
authors: A
authors: de Souza Bastos
authors: Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
authors: Dana T
authors: DT
authors: Graves
authors: Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Ana Paula
authors: AP
authors: de Melo Loureiro
authors: Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara School of Dentistry UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Carlos Rossa
authors: CR
authors: Júnior
authors: Department of Morphology, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors: Sâmia Cruz Tfaile
authors: SCT
authors: Corbi
authors: Faculdades Integradas Espírito Santenses-FAESA Dental School, Vitoria, Espírito Santo (ES).
authors: Fausto
authors: F
authors: Frizzera
authors: Department of Morphology, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors: Raquel Mantuaneli
authors: RM
authors: Scarel-Caminaga
authors: Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Niels Olsen
authors: NO
authors: Câmara
authors: Center for Clinical Research and Health Promotion, School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico.
authors: Oelisoa M
authors: OM
authors: Andriankaja
authors: Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Meire I
authors: MI
authors: Hiyane
authors: Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara School of Dentistry UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Silvana Regina Perez
authors: SRP
authors: Orrico
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: Cytokines; Diabetes mellitus type 2; Dyslipidemia; Inflammation; Lipid peroxidation