title: Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Myoblast Differentiation and Proliferation by Pannexins.
abstract: Pannexins are newly discovered channels that are now recognized as mediators of adenosine triphosphate release from several cell types allowing communication with the extracellular environment. Pannexins have been associated with various physiological and pathological processes including apoptosis, inflammation, and cancer. However, it is only recently that our work has unveiled a role for Pannexin 1 and Pannexin 3 as novel regulators of skeletal muscle myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Myoblast differentiation is an ordered multistep process that includes withdrawal from the cell cycle and the expression of key myogenic factors leading to myoblast differentiation and fusion into multinucleated myotubes. Eventually, myotubes will give rise to the diverse muscle fiber types that build the complex skeletal muscle architecture essential for body movement, postural behavior, and breathing. Skeletal muscle cell proliferation and differentiation are crucial processes required for proper skeletal muscle development during embryogenesis, as well as for the postnatal skeletal muscle regeneration that is necessary for muscle repair after injury or exercise. However, defects in skeletal muscle cell differentiation and/or deregulation of cell proliferation are involved in various skeletal muscle pathologies. In this review, we will discuss the expression of pannexins and their post-translational modifications in skeletal muscle, their known functions in various steps of myogenesis, including myoblast proliferation and differentiation, as well as their possible roles in skeletal muscle development, regeneration, and diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
authors: Department of Surgery, Division of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8 L1, Canada.|Molecular Biomedicine Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
authors: Stéphanie
authors: S
authors: Langlois
authors: Molecular Biomedicine Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada. kcowan@cheo.on.ca.|Department of Surgery, Division of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Road, Room 3370, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8 L1, Canada. kcowan@cheo.on.ca.|Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. kcowan@cheo.on.ca.
authors: Kyle N
authors: KN
authors: Cowan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D017630:Connexins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D024510:Muscle Development; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020388:Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational
chemical_list: D017630:Connexins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C492764:PANX1 protein, human; C492766:PANX3 protein, human
keywords: Differentiation; Myoblast; Pannexin; Proliferation; Skeletal muscle