title: Investigating bacterial population structure and dynamics in traditional koumiss from Inner Mongolia using single molecule real-time sequencing.
abstract: Koumiss is considered as a complete dairy product high in nutrients and with medicinal properties. The bacterial communities involved in production of koumiss play a crucial role in the fermentation cycle. To reveal bacterial biodiversity in koumiss and the dynamics of succession in bacterial populations during fermentation, 22 samples were collected from 5 sampling sites and the full length of the 16S ribosomal RNA genes sequenced using single molecule real-time sequencing technology. One hundred forty-eight species were identified from 82 bacterial genera and 8 phyla. These results suggested that the structural difference in the bacterial community could be attributed to geographical location. The most significant difference in bacterial composition occurred in samples from group D compared with other groups. The sampling location of group D was distant from the city and maintained the primitive local nomadic life. The dynamics of succession in bacterial communities showed that Lactobacillus helveticus increased in abundance from 0 to 9h and reached its peak at 9h and then decreased. In contrast, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus durans, and Enterococcus casseliflavus increased gradually throughout the fermentation process, and reached a maximum after 24h.
authors: Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China, 010018; Dairy Processing Laboratory of National Dairy Production Technology and Research Center, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, China, 010018.
authors: Qimu
authors: Q
authors: Gesudu
authors: Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China, 010018; Dairy Processing Laboratory of National Dairy Production Technology and Research Center, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, China, 010018.
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Zheng
authors: Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China, 010018; Dairy Processing Laboratory of National Dairy Production Technology and Research Center, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, China, 010018.
authors: Xiaoxia
authors: X
authors: Xi
authors: Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China, 010018; Dairy Processing Laboratory of National Dairy Production Technology and Research Center, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, China, 010018.
authors: Qiang Chuan
authors: QC
authors: Hou
authors: Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China, 010018; Dairy Processing Laboratory of National Dairy Production Technology and Research Center, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, China, 010018.
authors: Haiyan
authors: H
authors: Xu
authors: Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China, 010018; Dairy Processing Laboratory of National Dairy Production Technology and Research Center, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, China, 010018.
authors: Weiqiang
authors: W
authors: Huang
authors: Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China, 010018; Dairy Processing Laboratory of National Dairy Production Technology and Research Center, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, China, 010018.
authors: Heping
authors: H
authors: Zhang
authors: Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China, 010018; Dairy Processing Laboratory of National Dairy Production Technology and Research Center, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, China, 010018.
authors: Bilige
authors: B
authors: Menghe
authors: Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China, 010018; Dairy Processing Laboratory of National Dairy Production Technology and Research Center, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, China, 010018. Electronic address: wjliu168@163.com.
authors: Wenjun
authors: W
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D002681:China; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005285:Fermentation; D000070736:Koumiss; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
keywords: SMRT sequencing; biodiversity; fermentation succession; koumiss; predominant species