title: Dietary galactooligosaccharide elicits positive effects on non-specific immune parameters and growth performance in Caspian white fish (Rutilus frisii kutum) fry.
abstract: An eight-weeks feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of galactooligosaccharide (GOS), on the skin and serum non-specific immune parameters and growth performance of Caspian white fish (Rutilus frisii kutum) fry. Fish (2.07 ± 0.08 g) were fed different levels of GOS (0%, 1%, 2% and 3%). No significant (P > 0.05) difference was observed in mucus protease activity, but inclusion of 1% GOS significantly (P < 0.05) elevated total immunoglobulin (Ig) level and lysozyme activity. Evaluation of serum non-specific immune parameters revealed significant (P < 0.05) increase in serum total Ig and lysozyme activity of fish fed 1% or 2% GOS compared those of fish fed control diet. Furthermore, the serum alternative haemolytic complement activity (ACH50) was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated in all prebiotic groups regardless of inclusion levels. Administration of GOS in diet significantly (P < 0.05) improved growth performance and feed utilisation. The results of the present study revealed that GOS administration is beneficial by improving immune response and growth performance of Caspian white fish.
authors: Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. Electronic address: hoseinifar@gau.ac.ir.
authors: Seyed Hossein
authors: SH
authors: Hoseinifar
authors: Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
authors: Fazel
authors: F
authors: Zoheiri
authors: Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
authors: Maryam
authors: M
authors: Dadar
authors: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, National Inland Water Aquaculture Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Anzali, Iran.
authors: Rudabeh
authors: R
authors: Rufchaei
authors: Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Bioscience, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Breivika, Norway.
authors: Einar
authors: E
authors: Ringø
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D003530:Cyprinidae / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D009093:Mucus / Q000276:immunology; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D056692:Prebiotics; D011897:Random Allocation; D012867:Skin / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D009844:Oligosaccharides; D056692:Prebiotics
keywords: Caspian white fish (Rutilus frisii kutum); Galactooligosaccharide; Growth performance; Mucosal immunity; Non-specific immune parameters; Prebiotics