title: Effective axillary malodour reduction by polyquaternium-16-containing deodorants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Worldwide, individuals apply deodorants to combat malodour formation originating from the axillary vault. Considering the globally increasing demand for efficacious, safe deodorants, we investigated the antimicrobial effectiveness of a polymeric quaternary ammonium compound (PQ-16) as a new active in a roll-on formulation against microbial growth and axillary malodour.
  
  
  METHODS
  We utilized an in vivo microbiological assessment to determine antimicrobial effects of the PQ-16-containing deodorant formulation (DEO1) (i) in comparison with a commercially available deodorant roll-on claiming a 24-h protection against body odour (DEO2) and (ii) in comparison with a roll-on containing the same formulation as DEO1 but comprising aluminium chlorohydrate instead of PQ-16 (DEO3) 1, 4, 8, 24 and 48 h after treatment. Also, the axillary malodour intensity 24 and 48 h after application of deodorants was investigated in a controlled in vivo study performed by a trained sniffer panel using direct sniffing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with DEO1 in comparison with application of DEO2 significantly reduced the log 10 bacterial count at all points in time. After 24 and 48 h, sniffers rated malodour production in the DEO1-treated axillae significantly lower than in the DEO2-treated armpits. Application of DEO1 in comparison with DEO3 decreased the log 10 bacterial count after 1, 4, 8 and 24 h (significant for 4 and 8 h). After 48 h, the log 10 bacterial count showed similar values for both DEO1 and DEO3. The sniffer panel reported no significant differences between axillary malodour in DEO1-treated compared to DEO3-treated armpits after 24 and 48 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified polyquaternium-16 (PQ-16, copolymers of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and 1-vinyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride) as a highly effective deodorant active. Results showed that a newly developed PQ-16-containing deodorant roll-on formulation (i) significantly reduced axillary malodour 24 and 48 h after treatment, (ii) significantly decreased the amount of axillary bacteria, (iii) compared to a commercially available deodorant claiming a 24-h odour protection significantly lowered axillary malodour 24 h and 48 h after application, and (iv) was well tolerated by the study population. PQ-16 represents an innovative and skin-friendly deodorant active.
authors: Research & Development, Beiersdorf AG, Unnastrasse 48, 20245, Hamburg, Germany.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Traupe
authors: Research & Development, Beiersdorf AG, Unnastrasse 48, 20245, Hamburg, Germany.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Fölster
authors: Research & Development, Beiersdorf AG, Unnastrasse 48, 20245, Hamburg, Germany.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Max
authors: Research & Development, Beiersdorf AG, Unnastrasse 48, 20245, Hamburg, Germany.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Schulz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001365:Axilla / Q000382:microbiology; D003836:Deodorants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009812:Odorants / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011108:Polymers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012867:Skin; D012903:Smell; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003836:Deodorants; D011108:Polymers; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
keywords: deodorant; emulsions; microbiology; polymers; polyquaternium-16