title: Prevalence of bacterial resistance within an eco-agricultural system in Hangzhou, China.
abstract: The wide use of antibiotics in the animal husbandry and the relevant sustainable industries may promote the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), which constitutes a growing threat to human health. The objective of this study was to determine the abundance and diversity of sulfonamide- and tetracycline-resistant bacteria within an eco-agricultural system (EAS) in Hangzhou, China. We investigated samples at every link in the EAS, from livestock manure, to biogas residues and biogas slurry, to vegetable and ryegrass fields, to a fish pond. A combination of culture-based and 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing method was used in this study. Within the studied system, the average rate of bacterial resistance to sulfonamide (46.19 %) was much higher than that of tetracycline (8.51 %) (p < 0.01). There were 224 isolates that were enumerated and sequenced, 108 of which were identified to species level. The genera comprising the sulfamethoxazole-resistant (SMXr) bacteria were generally different from those of tetracycline-resistant (TCr) bacteria. Staphylococcus and Acinetobacter were the most dominant genera of SMXrbacteria (19.30 % of the total resistant bacteria) and TCrbacteria (14.04 % of the total resistant bacteria), respectively. Several strains of resistant opportunistic pathogens (e.g., Pantoea agglomerans) were detected in edible vegetable samples, which may exert a potential threat to both pig production and human health. In general, this study indicates that the EAS is an important reservoir of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, some of which may be pathogenic.
authors: Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors: Like
authors: L
authors: Xu
authors: Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors: Yanyun
authors: Y
authors: Qian
authors: Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors: Chao
authors: C
authors: Su
authors: Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors: Weixiao
authors: W
authors: Cheng
authors: Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors: Jianan
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors: Mark L
authors: ML
authors: Wahlqvist
authors: Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. chen_hong@zju.edu.cn.
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000150:Acinetobacter / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002681:China; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D058751:Livestock; D008372:Manure / Q000382:microbiology*; D058871:Organic Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D020636:Pantoea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D013424:Sulfanilamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D008372:Manure; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D013424:Sulfanilamides; D013752:Tetracycline
keywords: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria; Eco-agricultural system; Sulfonamide; Tetracycline