title: Exercise and dietary change ameliorate high fat diet induced obesity and insulin resistance via mTOR signaling pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise and dietary change on obesity and insulin resistance and mTOR signaling protein levels in skeletal muscles of obese rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into CO (Normal diet) and HF (High Fat diet) groups in order to induce obesity for 15 weeks. The rats were then subdivided into CO, COT (CO + Training), HF, HFT (HF + Training), HFND (Dietary change), and HFNDT (HFND + Training) groups (10 rats / group). The training groups underwent moderate-intensity treadmill exercise for 8 weeks, after which soleus muscles were excised and analyzed. Data was statistically analyzed by independent t-test and One-way ANOVA tests with a 0.05 significance level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, and HOMA-IR in the HF group were significantly higher, as compared with other groups (p <.05). Protein levels of insulin receptor subunit-1 (IRS-1), IRS-2, and p-Akt were significantly higher in the HFT, HFND, and HFNDT groups, as compared with HF group. In addition, the protein levels of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and ribosomal S6 protein kinase 1 were significantly decreased by exercise and dietary change (p <.05). However, mTORC2 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase were significantly increased (p <.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, despite the negative impact of continuous high fat intake, regular exercise and dietary change showed a positive effect on insulin resistance and mTOR signaling protein levels.
authors: Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education, Dong-A University, Busan Republic of Korea.
authors: Ju Yong
authors: JY
authors: Bae
authors: Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education, Dong-A University, Busan Republic of Korea.
authors: Ki Ok
authors: KO
authors: Shin
authors: Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education, Dong-A University, Busan Republic of Korea.
authors: Jinhee
authors: J
authors: Woo
authors: Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education, Dong-A University, Busan Republic of Korea.
authors: Sang Heon
authors: SH
authors: Woo
authors: Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education, Dong-A University, Busan Republic of Korea.
authors: Ki Soeng
authors: KS
authors: Jang
authors: Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education, Dong-A University, Busan Republic of Korea.
authors: Yul Hyo
authors: YH
authors: Lee
authors: Laboratory of Exercise physiology, Division of Sport Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon Republic of Korea.
authors: Sunghwun
authors: S
authors: Kang
keywords: Aerobic exercise; Akt; Insulin receptor substrate; Regular exercise; Training; mammalian target of rapamycin