title: A randomized controlled trial of smoking cessation methods in patients newly-diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis.
abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) and tobacco use are two major alarming global health issues that tend to be co-prevalent in many developing countries and various surveys have provided evidence on their entangled associations. Accordingly, it is strongly suggested that smoking cessation be incorporated in TB control programs. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of two smoking cessation methods among newly-diagnosed pulmonary TB patients.
  
  
  
  A total of 210 newly-diagnosed pulmonary TB patients from Tehran, Iran with smoking habits were included in this randomized clinical trial during 2012-2013. Patients were assigned to three groups of control (just TB medical treatment), brief advice (TB medical treatment plus individualized counseling sessions of quitting behavioral therapy) and combined intervention (TB medical treatment plus individualized counseling sessions of quitting behavioral therapy plus medical treatment with slow release bupropion). Patients' abstinence was followed at six time point during six months. Data were analyzed by SPSS v.22 using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) model.
  
  
  
  Abstinance rate at the end of six months were 71.7 % for combined intervention group, 33.9 % for brief advice group and 9.8 % for the control group (p < 0.001). Combined intervention group and brief advice group respectively had 35 times (p < 0.001, OR = 35.26, 95 % CI = 13.77-90.32) and 7 times (p < 0.001, OR = 7.14, 95 % CI = 2.72-18.72) more odds of not being an active smoker at each time point, compared to the control group.
  
  
  
  Considering the prevalence and importance of TB and the substantial influence of these preventive measures on controlling tobacco use, application of such programs is recommended.
  
  
  
  The survey was registered in the Iranian registry of clinical trials website (irct.ir) in August 31, 2013 with IRCT ID: IRCT2013062613783N1 .
authors: Tobacco Prevention and Control Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Mahshid
authors: M
authors: Aryanpur
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Mostafa
authors: M
authors: Hosseini
authors: Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Next to Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital, Evin, Tehran, Iran. dr.mohammadreza.masjedi@gmail.com.
authors: Mohammad Reza
authors: MR
authors: Masjedi
authors: Department of Immunology, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.|Division of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Esmaeil
authors: E
authors: Mortaz
authors: Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Payam
authors: P
authors: Tabarsi
authors: Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention research center of Shahid Beheshti, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Hamid
authors: H
authors: Soori
authors: Tobacco Prevention and Control Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Habib
authors: H
authors: Emami
authors: Tobacco Prevention and Control Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Gholamreza
authors: G
authors: Heidari
authors: Mycobacteriology Research Center, Biostatistics unit, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Mehdi Kazempour
authors: MK
authors: Dizagie
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Masoud
authors: M
authors: Baikpour
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods; D003376:Counseling / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000628:therapy*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Intervention studies; Iran; Pulmonary tuberculosis; Smoking cessation