title: Efficacy of Different Methods for Removing Root Canal Filling Material in Retreatment - An In-vitro Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although success of endodontic therapy has significantly improved in the last few decades due to the introduction of novel materials and techniques, failures of endodontic therapy requiring re-treatment still comprise a significant percentage of patients requiring root canal treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and compare the effective removal of gutta percha and sealer, amount of apical debris extrusion and time required for gutta percha removal using various endodontic files.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total 48 extracted mandibular premolars were mounted on acrylic blocks and endodontic procedure was carried out using size 40 K file and obturated using guttapercha and zinc oxide eugenol sealer. After one month storage, samples were decoronated, mounted on screw capped vials and subjected to removal of obturated material by four instruments: H files, safe sided H files, protaper universal retreatment rotary system and ultrasonic retreatment tip, grouped as 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. Only 2mm of obturated material from the coronal part was removed using no. 3 Gates Glidden drill, guttapercha was softened with a drop of xylene for 2 mins for each canal and retreatment was performed. The retreatment procedure was said to be complete when no visible debris were observed on the instrument flutes. The samples split into two halves and examined under stereomicroscope, photographed, assessed using AUTOCAD software and percentage of remaining filling material in coronal, middle, apical thirds of the canal was calculated in mm(2). Retreatment time was recorded in seconds and apically extruded debris was assessed by microbalance in grams for each tooth. The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics, ANOVA and Scheffe's post hoc test through SPSS for windows (v 16.0).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ultrasonic retreatment tip had less percentage of residual guttapercha/sealer, shorter mean operating time and little apical extrusion with a significant difference (p<0.05) between the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All techniques retained guttapercha/sealer remnants within the root canal. The ultrasonic retreatment tip proved to be an efficient method of removing obturated material. It was fastest with least apical debris extrusion.
authors: Post Graduate Student, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, JSS Dental College and Hospital , Mysore, Karnataka, India .
authors: Swetha
authors: S
authors: Kasam
authors: Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, JSS Dental College and Hospital , Mysore, Karnataka, India .
authors: Annapoorna Ballagere
authors: AB
authors: Mariswamy
keywords: Apical extrusion; H files; Protaper retreatment files; Root canal treatment; Safe sided H files; Time; Ultrasonic retreatment tip