title: Economic growth leads to increase of obesity and associated hepatocellular carcinoma in developing countries.
abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and the third leading cause of cancer related death worldwide. In recent years, the prevalence of HCC has increased in both developing and developed countries. Most HCC cases develop in the presence of advanced chronic liver disease related to viral hepatitis. In particular hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections are considered as major HCC risk factors worldwide. However, current studies provide strong evidence for increasing numbers of HCC in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD represents the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome which is based on obesity and insulin resistance. Epidemiologic data clearly demonstrates that NAFLD and obesity-related disorders are significant risk factors for tumor development in general and HCC in particular. As a consequence of life style changes towards higher calorie intake and less exercise, obesity and metabolic syndrome are spreading all over the world. Due to this increase in obesity and metabolic syndrome NAFLD-related HCC will become a major health care problem in the future. In conclusion, better understanding of the impact of NAFLD and obesity in the development of HCC will improve our treatment strategies of HCC and allow preventive measures.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Seyda Seydel
authors: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors: Ozlem
authors: O
authors: Kucukoglu
authors: Numune Education and Research Hospital, Gastroenterology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey; Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
authors: Akif
authors: A
authors: Altinbasv
authors: Faculty of Medicine, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: O Oguz
authors: OO
authors: Demir
authors: Department of Surgery, Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey.
authors: Sezai
authors: S
authors: Yilmaz
authors: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Cukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey.
authors: Hikmet
authors: H
authors: Akkiz
authors: Department of Surgery, Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey.
authors: Emrah
authors: E
authors: Otan
authors: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors: Jan-Peter
authors: JP
authors: Sowa
authors: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Canbay
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000191:economics*; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics; D057217:Economic Development; D002149:Energy Intake; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology*; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D013997:Time Factors