title: Complications in proximal humeral fractures.
abstract: Necrosis of the humeral head, infections and non-unions are among the most dangerous and difficult-to-treat complications of proximal humeral fractures. The aim of this work was to analyse in detail non-unions and post-traumatic bone defects and to suggest an algorithm of care. Treatment options are based not only on the radiological frame, but also according to a detailed analysis of the patient, who is classified using a risk factor analysis. This method enables the surgeon to choose the most suitable treatment for the patient, thereby facilitating return of function in the shortest possible time. The treatment of such serious complications requires the surgeon to be knowledgeable about the following possible solutions: increased mechanical stability; biological stimulation; and reconstructive techniques in two steps, with application of biotechnologies and prosthetic substitution.
authors: Reparative Orthopaedic Surgery Department, G. Pini Institute, University of Milan, Piazza Cardinal Ferrari, 1, 20122, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: gmc@studiocalori.it.
authors: Giorgio Maria
authors: GM
authors: Calori
authors: Reparative Orthopaedic Surgery Department, G. Pini Institute, University of Milan, Piazza Cardinal Ferrari, 1, 20122, Milan, Italy.
authors: Massimiliano
authors: M
authors: Colombo
authors: Reparative Orthopaedic Surgery Department, G. Pini Institute, University of Milan, Piazza Cardinal Ferrari, 1, 20122, Milan, Italy.
authors: Miguel Simon
authors: MS
authors: Bucci
authors: Reparative Orthopaedic Surgery Department, G. Pini Institute, University of Milan, Piazza Cardinal Ferrari, 1, 20122, Milan, Italy.
authors: Piero
authors: P
authors: Fadigati
authors: Reparative Orthopaedic Surgery Department, G. Pini Institute, University of Milan, Piazza Cardinal Ferrari, 1, 20122, Milan, Italy.
authors: Alessandra Ines Maria
authors: AI
authors: Colombo
authors: Reparative Orthopaedic Surgery Department, G. Pini Institute, University of Milan, Piazza Cardinal Ferrari, 1, 20122, Milan, Italy.
authors: Simone
authors: S
authors: Mazzola
authors: Reparative Orthopaedic Surgery Department, G. Pini Institute, University of Milan, Piazza Cardinal Ferrari, 1, 20122, Milan, Italy.
authors: Vittorio
authors: V
authors: Cefalo
authors: Reparative Orthopaedic Surgery Department, G. Pini Institute, University of Milan, Piazza Cardinal Ferrari, 1, 20122, Milan, Italy.
authors: Emilio
authors: E
authors: Mazza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001860:Bone Plates; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D017102:Fracture Healing; D005599:Fractures, Ununited / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D058430:Humeral Head / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011859:Radiography; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012784:Shoulder Fractures / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bone defect; Bone regeneration; Fracture complication; Non-union; Proximal humerus