title: MRI for appendicitis in pregnancy: is seeing believing? clinical outcomes in cases of appendix nonvisualization.
abstract: The primary objective of this study was to determine the clinical outcomes in cases of appendix nonvisualization with MRI in pregnant patients with suspected appendicitis and the implications of appendix nonvisualization for excluding appendicitis.
  
  
  
  Fifty-eight pregnant patients with suspected appendicitis evaluated with MRI at three centers from a single institution were retrospectively reviewed by three radiologists with varying levels of abdominal imaging experience. All scans were performed on a 1.5-Tesla Siemens unit. Cases were evaluated for diagnostic quality, visualization of the appendix, presence of appendicitis, and alternate diagnoses. Clinical outcomes were gathered from the electronic medical record.
  
  
  
  Of the 58 patients who underwent MRI for suspected appendicitis, 50 cases were considered adequate diagnostic quality by all three radiologists. The rate of appendix visualization among the three radiologists ranged from 60 to 76% (p = 0.44). The appendix was nonvisualized by at least one of the three radiologists in 25 cases (50%). Of these, none had a final diagnosis of appendicitis including one patient who underwent appendectomy. MRI suggested an alternate diagnosis in 6 (24%) patients with appendix nonvisualization. For the three reviewers, the agreement level on whether or not the appendix was visualized on the MRI had a Light's kappa value of 0.526, indicating a "moderate" level of agreement (p value < 0.01).
  
  
  
  Despite only moderate level of interobserver agreement for appendix visualization, appendix nonvisualization on MRI in pregnant patients with suspected appendicitis confers a significant reduction in the risk of appendicitis compared to all comers as long as the study is adequate diagnostic quality and there are no secondary signs of appendicitis present.
authors: Beaumont Health, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Molecular Imaging, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, 3601 W 13 Mile Rd, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA. Sayf.Al-katib@beaumont.org.
authors: Sayf
authors: 0000-0003-0761-661X
authors: S
authors: Al-Katib
authors: Beaumont Health, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Molecular Imaging, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, 3601 W 13 Mile Rd, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA.
authors: Farnoosh
authors: F
authors: Sokhandon
authors: Beaumont Health, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Molecular Imaging, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, 3601 W 13 Mile Rd, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Farah
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001064:Appendicitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Appendicitis; Appendix nonvisualization; MRI; Pregnancy