title: In-vitro bioactivity, biocompatibility and dissolution studies of diopside prepared from biowaste by using sol-gel combustion method.
abstract: Diopside was synthesized from biowaste (Eggshell) by sol-gel combustion method at low calcination temperature and the influence of two different fuels (urea, l-alanine) on the phase formation temperature, physical and biological properties of the resultant diopside was studied. The synthesized materials were characterized by heating microscopy, FTIR, XRD, BET, SEM and EDAX techniques. BET analysis reveals particles were of submicron size with porosity in the nanometer range. Bone-like apatite deposition ability of diopside scaffolds was examined under static and circulation mode of SBF (Simulated Body Fluid). It was noticed that diopside has the capability to deposit HAP (hydroxyapatite) within the early stages of immersion. ICP-OES analysis indicates release of Ca, Mg, Si ions and removal of P ions from the SBF, but in different quantities from diopside scaffolds. Cytocompatability studies on human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) revealed good cellular attachment on the surface of diopside scaffolds and formation of extracellular matrix (ECM). This study suggests that the usage of eggshell biowaste as calcium source provides an effective substitute for synthetic starting materials to fabricate bioproducts for biomedical applications.
authors: Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore -632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors: Rajan
authors: R
authors: Choudhary
authors: Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia.
authors: Jana
authors: J
authors: Vecstaudza
authors: Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Krishnamurithy
authors: Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Hanumantha Rao Balaji
authors: HRB
authors: Raghavendran
authors: Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Malliga Raman
authors: MR
authors: Murali
authors: Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Tunku
authors: T
authors: Kamarul
authors: Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore -632014, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: ssasikumar@vit.ac.in.
authors: Sasikumar
authors: S
authors: Swamiappan
authors: Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia.
authors: Janis
authors: J
authors: Locs
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000737:chemistry; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D012824:Silicic Acid / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D017154:Stromal Cells; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014508:Urea / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D012824:Silicic Acid; C074224:diopside; D014508:Urea; D017886:Durapatite; D000409:Alanine
keywords: Apatite; Bone marrow cells.; Diopside; Eggshell; Fuels; SBF circulation