title: Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism with type 1 diabetic nephropathy: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effect of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) gene polymorphism on type 1 diabetic nephropathy (DN).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of science, Wanfang data, VIP database, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, and SinoMed were searched. A total of 17 case-control studies analyzing ACE I/D polymorphism and type 1 DN risk were included in the present meta-analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, a significant increased risk was found in allele comparison (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.05-1.28, p = 0.04), dominant comparison (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.14-2.15, p = 0.006) and homozygote comparison (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.06-2.19, p = 0.02). In subgroup analyses according to ethnicity, the risk of type 1 DN in Asian population was increased in allele comparison (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.15-3.42, p = 0.01), recessive comparison (OR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.51-4.10, p = 0.0004), dominant comparison (OR = 3.15, 95% CI = 1.90-5.23, p < 0.00001), and homozygote comparison (OR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.02-8.06, p = 0.05). However, there was no association between the ACE I/D genetic variants and type 1 DN in Caucasian populations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our meta-analysis results indicate that the ACE I/D polymorphism may contribute to type 1 DN development, especially in the Asian groups with type 1 diabetes. The current findings need to be confirmed by future well-designed and larger sample size primary studies in populations with different ethnicities.
authors: a The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , China.|b Department of Endocrinology , Xuzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital , Xuzhou , China.
authors: Hai-Yan
authors: HY
authors: Xu
authors: a The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , China.
authors: Ming-Ming
authors: MM
authors: Liu
authors: a The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , China.
authors: Xu
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: a The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , China.
authors: Xue-Yuan
authors: XY
authors: He
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies / Q000379:methods*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; C488034:ACE protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A
keywords: Type 1 diabetic nephropathy; angiotensin-converting enzyme; gene polymorphism; meta-analysis; type 1 diabetes mellitus