title: Concentrations and patterns of polychlorinated naphthalenes in urban air in Beijing, China.
abstract: Air samples were collected, using a high-volume air sampler, at an urban site in Beijing from April 2014 to March 2015. The polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) concentration in the atmosphere in each season was determined. The total PCN (total target tri- to octachloronaphthalene congeners) concentrations were 1.99-19.0 pg/m(3), and the mean was 7.20 pg/m(3). The PCN concentrations were higher in fall than summer, indicating that the concentrations varied significantly over time. The trichloronaphthalene homolog was the predominant PCN homolog in all four seasons. The PCN toxic equivalent (TEQ) concentrations were 0.42-6.89 fg/m(3), and the mean was 1.74 fg/m(3). The CN-66/67 and CN-73 congeners were the predominant contributors to the TEQ concentrations. The mean seasonal TEQ concentration decreased in the order fall (3.18 fg/m(3)) > winter (1.41 fg/m(3)) > summer (1.11 fg/m(3)) > spring (1.03 fg/m(3)). The TEQ concentrations and the PCN concentrations did not follow the same seasonal trends, but the highest TEQ and PCN concentrations were both found in fall. Correlation analysis, ratio analysis, and principal component analysis were used to investigate the sources of PCNs to the Beijing atmosphere. The results suggested that combustion processes may be the main sources of PCNs to the Beijing atmosphere.
authors: College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Dioxin Pollution Control, National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Beijing, 100029, China.
authors: Lingnan
authors: L
authors: Xue
authors: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Dioxin Pollution Control, National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Beijing, 100029, China. Electronic address: lfzhang@cneac.com.
authors: Lifei
authors: L
authors: Zhang
authors: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Dioxin Pollution Control, National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Beijing, 100029, China.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Yan
authors: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Dioxin Pollution Control, National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Beijing, 100029, China.
authors: Liang
authors: L
authors: Dong
authors: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Dioxin Pollution Control, National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Beijing, 100029, China. Electronic address: yrhuang@cneac.com.
authors: Yeru
authors: Y
authors: Huang
authors: College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China. Electronic address: lxiaoxiu0548@sina.com.
authors: Xiaoxiu
authors: X
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D001272:Atmosphere / Q000032:analysis; D000068476:Beijing; D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D054879:Halogenation; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D009281:Naphthalenes; C031721:naphthalene
keywords: Atmosphere; Beijing; Polychlorinated naphthalenes; Sources