title: Cytotoxicity and anti-Sporothrix brasiliensis activity of the Origanum majorana Linn. oil.
abstract: The study aimed to evaluate the anti-Sporothrix sp. activity of the essential oil of Origanum majorana Linn. (marjoram), its chemical analysis, and its cytotoxic activity. A total of 18 fungal isolates of Sporothrix brasiliensis (n: 17) from humans, dogs and cats, and a standard strain of Sporothrix schenckii (n: 1) were tested using the broth microdilution technique (Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute - CLSI M27-A3) and the results were expressed in minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC). The MIC50and MIC90of itraconazole against S. brasiliensis were 2μg/mL and 8μg/mL, respectively, and the MFC50and MFC90were 2μg/mL and >16μg/mL, respectively, with three S. brasiliensis isolates resistant to antifungal. S. schenckii was sensitive at MIC of 1μg/mL and MFC of 8μg/mL. For the oil of O. majorana L., all isolates were susceptible to MIC of ≤2.25-9mg/mL and MFC of ≤2.25-18mg/mL. The MIC50and MIC90were ≤2.25mg/mL and 4.5mg/mL, respectively, and the MFC50/90values were twice more than the MIC. Twenty-two compounds were identified by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (CG-FID) and 1,8-cineole and 4-terpineol were the majority. Through the colorimetric (MTT) assay, the toxicity was observed in 70-80% of VERO cells between 0.078 and 5mg/mL. For the first time, the study demonstrated the satisfactory in vitro anti-Sporothrix sp. activity of marjoram oil and further studies are needed to ensure its safe and effective use.
authors: Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Faculdade de Veterinária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Veterinária, Pelotas, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: waller.stefanie@yahoo.com.br.
authors: Stefanie Bressan
authors: SB
authors: Waller
authors: Centro de Controle de Zoonoses (CCZ), Prefeitura Municipal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors: Isabel Martins
authors: IM
authors: Madrid
authors: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Laboratório de Cromatografia, Departamento de Química, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors: Vanny
authors: V
authors: Ferraz
authors: Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Faculdade de Veterinária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Veterinária, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors: Tony
authors: T
authors: Picoli
authors: Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Departamento de Clínicas Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors: Marlete Brum
authors: MB
authors: Cleff
authors: Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Faculdade de Veterinária, Pelotas, Departamento de Veterinária Preventiva, RS, Brazil.
authors: Renata Osório
authors: RO
authors: de Faria
authors: Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Faculdade de Veterinária, Pelotas, Departamento de Veterinária Preventiva, RS, Brazil.
authors: Mário Carlos Araújo
authors: MC
authors: Meireles
authors: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Departamento de Farmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: João Roberto Braga
authors: JR
authors: de Mello
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013175:Sporothrix / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013174:Sporotrichosis / Q000382:microbiology; D014709:Vero Cells; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile; C029292:origanum oil
keywords: Antifungal resistance; Lamiaceae; Marjoram; Sporothrix schenckii complex; Sporotrichosis