title: Prevalence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes and coselection of heavy metals in Chinese dairy farms.
abstract: This study aims to explore prevalence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in dairy farms. A variety of ARGs conferring resistance to most classes of antibiotics were detected in feces and soil samples obtained from dairy farms, using a high-throughput metagenomic sequencing approach. The ARGs observed in the feces and the soil samples were significantly correlated (p<0.01). The abundance of mobile genetics elements, such as transposase, was also examined to evaluate the potential risk of horizontal ARGs transfer. The positive correlation (p<0.001) between the total abundance of transposase genes and ARGs in the soil samples suggested strong dissemination capacity of ARGs in soil. In addition, the ARGs and metal resistance genes (MRGs) were significantly correlated with heavy metals in the feces (p<0.01), suggesting that the heavy metals promoted the emergence of metal resistance, and participated in the coselection processes for ARGs. The prevalence of ARGs with high levels of genetic mobile elements in the dairy farms suggests that cattle excrement is a major reservoir of ARGs with a high risk of dissemination, which increases the potential risk of environmental pollution and threatens public health.
authors: Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, People⿿s Republic of China.
authors: Bingrui
authors: B
authors: Zhou
authors: Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, People⿿s Republic of China.
authors: Chong
authors: C
authors: Wang
authors: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, People⿿s Republic of China.
authors: Qin
authors: Q
authors: Zhao
authors: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, People⿿s Republic of China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, People⿿s Republic of China.
authors: Meijun
authors: M
authors: Huo
authors: Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, People⿿s Republic of China. Electronic address: wangjd53@outlook.com.
authors: Jundong
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, People⿿s Republic of China. Electronic address: shaolinwang@cau.edu.cn.
authors: Shaolin
authors: S
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002681:China; D003612:Dairying; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D056186:Metagenomics; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D019895:Transposases / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D019895:Transposases
keywords: Antibiotic resistance genes; Environmental pollutant; Heavy metal; Metagenome; Transposase