title: Cardiovascular and Skeletal-related Events Following Localized Prostate Cancer Treatment: Role of Surgery, Radiotherapy, and Androgen Deprivation.
abstract: To examine the impact of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and primary treatment modality on cardiovascular and skeletal-related events and to investigate potential effect modification in a contemporary cohort of patients treated for clinically localized prostate cancer.
  
  
  
  We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linked databases for men aged 65-79 years who underwent radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy for cT1 or cT2 prostate cancer from 2000 to 2008. We categorized treatment according to primary therapy and receipt of ADT. We described the cumulative incidence of cardiovascular and skeletal-related events.
  
  
  
  Among 60,156 men, 14,403 underwent surgery and 45,753 underwent radiotherapy. Median follow-up was 6.0 years. After adjusting for baseline differences, treatments with radiotherapy (adjusted hazard ratios [aHR] 1.16-1.28, P <.0001-.04) and ADT (aHR 1.18-1.32, P <.0001-.008) were each independently associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease, sudden cardiac death, fracture, and fracture requiring hospitalization. Radiotherapy was associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction (aHR 1.20, P = .02), whereas ADT was not (P = .5). We did not identify a significant statistical interaction between primary and hormonal treatment.
  
  
  
  Care for cardiovascular and skeletal-related events is an important part of the survivorship phase for a significant proportion of patients with localized prostate cancer. Increasing use of ADT for patients with localized disease undergoing radiotherapy and the observed higher prevalence of these events in these patients should be considered when discussing the risks and benefits of treatment for localized prostate cancer and when formulating a survivorship plan.
authors: Division of Urology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors: Christopher J D
authors: CJ
authors: Wallis
authors: Division of Urology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors: Alyson L
authors: AL
authors: Mahar
authors: Division of Urology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors: Raj
authors: R
authors: Satkunasivam
authors: Division of Urology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors: Sender
authors: S
authors: Herschorn
authors: Division of Urology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors: Ronald T
authors: RT
authors: Kodama
authors: Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors: Yuna
authors: Y
authors: Lee
authors: Division of Urology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors: Girish S
authors: GS
authors: Kulkarni
authors: Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors: Steven A
authors: SA
authors: Narod
authors: Division of Urology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada. Electronic address: robert.nam@utoronto.ca.
authors: Robert K
authors: RK
authors: Nam
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D016208:Databases, Factual; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018426:SEER Program
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal