title: Culture supernatants of cervical cancer cells induce an M2 phenotypic profile in THP-1 macrophages.
abstract: Patients with cervical cancer (CxCa) typically present an infiltrate of tumor-associated macrophages, which is associated with a poor prognosis. We found that CxCa cell lines (HeLa, SiHa, and C-33A) secreted factors involved in regulating tumor growth including IL-6, IL-4, PDGFAA, HGF, VEGF, ANG-2, and TGF-β3. We assessed the effects of culture supernatants from these cell lines on macrophages derived from the THP-1 cell line. Macrophages treated with culture supernatants from CxCa cells developed an M2-like phenotype with expression of CD163, low nitric oxide release, and high secretion of IL-6, PDGFAA, HGF, ANG-2, and VEGF. The macrophages continued to produce PDGFAA,PDGFBB, and VEGF 48h after the CxCa cell culture supernatants were removed. The induction of M2 macrophages in vivo favors tumor growth, angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, and metastasis. These results demonstrated that factors secreted by CxCa cells induced a stable M2 phenotype in THP-1 macrophages.
authors: División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas Orientación Inmunología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Jalisco, Mexico. Electronic address: elabrindis@gmail.com.
authors: Eliza Julia
authors: EJ
authors: Pedraza-Brindis
authors: División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas Orientación Inmunología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Jalisco, Mexico. Electronic address: karina_reyesqfb@hotmail.com.
authors: Karina
authors: K
authors: Sánchez-Reyes
authors: División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Electronic address: gina.geodic1967@gmail.com.
authors: Georgina
authors: G
authors: Hernández-Flores
authors: División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de los Altos, UdeG, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, Mexico. Electronic address: abravocster@gmail.com.
authors: Alejandro
authors: A
authors: Bravo-Cuellar
authors: División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Electronic address: lfjave@gmail.com.
authors: Luis Felipe
authors: LF
authors: Jave-Suárez
authors: División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Electronic address: adry.aguilar.lemarroy@gmail.com.
authors: Adriana
authors: A
authors: Aguilar-Lemarroy
authors: División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Electronic address: paugomlom@gmail.com.
authors: Paulina
authors: P
authors: Gómez-Lomelí
authors: Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico. Electronic address: b_ux@hotmail.com.
authors: Brenda Anahí
authors: BA
authors: López-López
authors: División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Electronic address: pablolazareno@gmail.com.
authors: Pablo Cesar
authors: PC
authors: Ortiz-Lazareno
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000378:metabolism; D063646:Carcinogenesis; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D010641:Phenotype; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000098902:CD163 Antigen
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D000098902:CD163 Antigen; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016207:Cytokines; C066855:HGF protein, human; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C555023:VPS51 protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins; C075278:platelet-derived growth factor A; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor
keywords: Cervical cancer cells; Cytokines; Growth factors; M2 macrophage; THP-1 macrophages