title: Effects of active pause pattern of surface electromyographic activity among subjects performing monotonous tasks: A systematic review.
abstract: Active pauses have shown potentially beneficial effects to increase the variability of the electrical activation pattern of muscles. However, there is a lack of consensus as to how to design and implement those pauses and the processing methods of surface electromyography (EMG) data when evaluating low-level monotonous tasks. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize the evidences regarding the way which active pauses have been applied, and the methods used to investigate the related EMG changes. PubMed-MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Lilacs, Ebsco, and Scopus databases were searched. Two authors independently extracted data from the primary studies. The methodological quality was assessed using a list from van der Windt et al. (2000), and the level of evidence was synthesized through GRADE. The ISEK guideline for reporting EMG data was also applied as a checklist. Fifteen studies were included - 14 with high methodological quality. In general, active pauses were able to change the level of EMG activity in monotonous tasks. The level of evidence through GRADE was very low for all EMG processing methods, except RMS which was low. A vast heterogeneity concerning the methods applied to analyze EMG data contributed to decrease the quality of evidence synthesis, and the findings need to be carefully considered. The GRADE approach and the ISEK guideline contributed to identify important flaws in the literature. Future studies investigating active pauses in longitudinal studies and following the standard for recording and reporting EMG data care are warranted.
authors: Laboratory of Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology (LACO), Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory for Ergonomics and Work-related Disorders, Physical Activity and Human Performance Group - SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7 D-3, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark.
authors: Leticia Bergamin
authors: LB
authors: Januario
authors: Laboratory of Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology (LACO), Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Roberta de Fátima Carreira
authors: Rde F
authors: Moreira
authors: Laboratory of Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology (LACO), Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Marina Machado
authors: MM
authors: Cid
authors: Laboratory for Ergonomics and Work-related Disorders, Physical Activity and Human Performance Group - SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7 D-3, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark.
authors: Afshin
authors: A
authors: Samani
authors: Laboratory for Ergonomics and Work-related Disorders, Physical Activity and Human Performance Group - SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7 D-3, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark.
authors: Pascal
authors: P
authors: Madeleine
authors: Laboratory of Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology (LACO), Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: biaoliveira@ufscar.br.
authors: Ana Beatriz
authors: AB
authors: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009333:Neck / Q000502:physiology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012782:Shoulder / Q000502:physiology
keywords: EMG; Neck-shoulder; Physical exercise; Repetitive work