title: Questionnaire survey on work motivations of gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary pancreatic surgeons enrolled in a Japanese national interdisciplinary program.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Among young residents, there seems to be a decreasing desire to become surgeons, resulting in a decrease in the number of surgeons. There is concern regarding a shortage of hepatobiliary pancreatic (HBP) surgery residents in Japan. A questionnaire survey was designed to assess the work motivations of Japanese gastrointestinal (GI) and HBP surgeons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaires assessing seven domains related to motivation (aptitude, satisfaction/dissatisfaction, knowledge/skill, evaluation/approval, self-management, community/expectation from other parties, and emotion) were sent to GI and HBP surgeons throughout Japan. Differences between HBP and GI surgeons were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Responses were received from 27 institutions in Japan between May and August 2014. Mid-career and senior HBP surgeons (11-20 years after graduation) working in university hospitals were significantly less satisfied with their work than GI surgeons (P = 0.036). Evaluation/approval factors were significantly lower in senior HBP surgeons than in GI surgeons 16-20 years after graduation (P = 0.048).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The future satisfaction of young residents seeking to become HBP surgeons should be enhanced, providing an appealing workplace for young residents and preventing discontinuation by mid-career and senior surgeons.
authors: Department of Surgery, Hirakata Hospital, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Masaki
authors: M
authors: Kaibori
authors: Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan.
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Nitta
authors: Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Michihiro
authors: M
authors: Hayashi
authors: Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Shigekazu
authors: S
authors: Takemura
authors: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Hiroaki
authors: H
authors: Nagano
authors: Department of Surgery, Hirakata Hospital, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Kosuke
authors: K
authors: Matsui
authors: Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Hisashi
authors: H
authors: Ikoma
authors: Department of Surgery, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Takuya
authors: T
authors: Nakai
authors: Department of Surgery, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Masafumi
authors: M
authors: Yasunaga
authors: Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors: Masahiro
authors: M
authors: Kido
authors: Department of Gastroenterological and General Surgery, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Aoki
authors: Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
authors: Toshiki
authors: T
authors: Rikiyama
authors: Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Keiji
authors: K
authors: Sano
authors: Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Kudo
authors: Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Katagiri
authors: Division of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Department of Surgery, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Yuichiro
authors: Y
authors: Otsuka
authors: Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Tamotsu
authors: T
authors: Kuroki
authors: Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
authors: Takeo
authors: T
authors: Nomi
authors: Department of Surgery, Miyazaki University, Miyazaki, Japan.
authors: Koichi
authors: K
authors: Yano
authors: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors: Itaru
authors: I
authors: Endo
authors: Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors: Masaki
authors: M
authors: Ueno
authors: Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Akishige
authors: A
authors: Kanazawa
authors: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Hiroaki
authors: H
authors: Terajima
authors: Department of Surgery, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan.
authors: Saiho
authors: S
authors: Ko
authors: Department of HBP Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Goro
authors: G
authors: Honda
authors: Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Yasuji
authors: Y
authors: Seyama
authors: Department of Surgery, Nakagami Hospital, Okinawa, Japan.
authors: Hiroki
authors: H
authors: Sunagawa
authors: Department of Surgery, Meiwa General Hospital, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
authors: Tsukasa
authors: T
authors: Aibara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001662:Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures; D002321:Career Choice; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007564:Japan; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D010180:Pancreatectomy; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D066231:Surgeons / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Motivation; Questionnaire; Surgeons; Survey