title: A prebiotic galactooligosaccharide mixture reduces severity of hyperpnoea-induced bronchoconstriction and markers of airway inflammation.
abstract: Gut microbes have a substantial influence on systemic immune function and allergic sensitisation. Manipulation of the gut microbiome through prebiotics may provide a potential strategy to influence the immunopathology of asthma. This study investigated the effects of prebiotic Bimuno-galactooligosaccharide (B-GOS) supplementation on hyperpnoea-induced bronchoconstriction (HIB), a surrogate for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, and airway inflammation. A total of ten adults with asthma and HIB and eight controls without asthma were randomised to receive 5·5 g/d of either B-GOS or placebo for 3 weeks separated by a 2-week washout period. The peak fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) following eucapnic voluntary hyperpnoea (EVH) defined HIB severity. Markers of airway inflammation were measured at baseline and after EVH. Pulmonary function remained unchanged in the control group. In the HIB group, the peak post-EVH fall in FEV1 at day 0 (-880 (sd 480) ml) was unchanged after placebo, but was attenuated by 40 % (-940 (sd 460) v. -570 (sd 310) ml, P=0·004) after B-GOS. In the HIB group, B-GOS reduced baseline chemokine CC ligand 17 (399 (sd 140) v. 323 (sd 144) pg/ml, P=0·005) and TNF-α (2·68 (sd 0·98) v. 2·18 (sd 0·59) pg/ml, P=0·040) and abolished the EVH-induced 29 % increase in TNF-α. Baseline C-reactive protein was reduced following B-GOS in HIB (2·46 (sd 1·14) v. 1·44 (sd 0·41) mg/l, P=0·015) and control (2·16 (sd 1·02) v. 1·47 (sd 0·33) mg/l, P=0·050) groups. Chemokine CC ligand 11 and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide remained unchanged. B-GOS supplementation attenuated airway hyper-responsiveness with concomitant reductions in markers of airway inflammation associated with HIB.
authors: 1Exercise and Health Research Group,Department of Sport Science,Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre,Nottingham Trent University,Nottingham NG11 8NS,UK.
authors: Neil C
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2607-4572
authors: NC
authors: Williams
authors: 1Exercise and Health Research Group,Department of Sport Science,Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre,Nottingham Trent University,Nottingham NG11 8NS,UK.
authors: Michael A
authors: MA
authors: Johnson
authors: 2Respiratory Research Unit,University of Nottingham,Nottingham NG5 1PB,UK.
authors: Dominick E
authors: DE
authors: Shaw
authors: 3Academic Department of Clinical Oncology,City Hospital Campus,University of Nottingham,Nottingham NG5 1PB,UK.
authors: Ian
authors: I
authors: Spendlove
authors: 4Clasado Research Services,Science and Technology Centre,Reading RG6 6UR,UK.
authors: Jelena
authors: J
authors: Vulevic
authors: 1Exercise and Health Research Group,Department of Sport Science,Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre,Nottingham Trent University,Nottingham NG11 8NS,UK.
authors: Graham R
authors: GR
authors: Sharpe
authors: 1Exercise and Health Research Group,Department of Sport Science,Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre,Nottingham Trent University,Nottingham NG11 8NS,UK.
authors: Kirsty A
authors: KA
authors: Hunter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D016084:Bronchoconstriction; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018925:Chemokines / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056692:Prebiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018925:Chemokines; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D056692:Prebiotics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Airway inflammation; Asthma; B-GOS Bimuno-galactooligosaccharide; Bronchoconstriction; CCL11 chemokine CC ligand 11; CCL17 chemokine CC ligand 17; CRP C-reactive protein; EIB exercise-induced bronchoconstriction; EVH eucapnic voluntary hyperpnoea; FENO fraction of exhaled nitric oxide; FEV1
                  forced expiratory volume in 1 s; Gut microbiota; HIB hyperpnoea-induced bronchoconstriction; PEF peak expiratory flow; Prebiotics; TH2 T-helper 2