title: Bisphosphonate use and the risk of endometrial cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies.
abstract: The association of bisphosphonate use and the risk of endometrial cancer is still unclear. No meta-analysis was conducted to review the evidence concerning this topic.
  
  
  
  Relevant studies were identified through PubMed and EMBASE and the Cochrane Library databases. The adjusted relative risk (RR) or odds ratios were determined using a fixed effects or random effects model, depending on the overall heterogeneity.
  
  
  
  Seven studies, including four cohort studies and three case-control studies, met the method criteria and were included. The random effects model showed a significant reduction in the risk association between bisphosphonate use and endometrial cancer incidence (RR 0.75, 95%CI 0.60-0.94, p = 0.064, I2= 49.6%). A significantly protective effect was observed with the use of bisphosphonate for more than 1 year, and we found a statistically significant risk reduction with the use of bisphosphonate for more than 1 to 3 years (RR 0.58, 95%CI 0.47-0.72) and for more than 3 years (RR 0.44, 95%CI 0.28-0.70). However, with the use of bisphosphonate for less than 1 year (RR 0.92, 95%CI 0.64-1.34), we found no protective effect against endometrial cancer.
  
  
  
  We found that the use of bisphosphonate was significantly associated with a 25% risk reduction in the incidence of endometrial cancer in the overall analysis. Furthermore, the use of bisphosphonate for more than 1 year but not less than 1 year may have a more beneficial effect on endometrial cancer risk. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors: School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Ying-Ju
authors: YJ
authors: Ou
authors: Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Hui-Fen
authors: HF
authors: Chiu
authors: Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Yun-Hong
authors: YH
authors: Wong
authors: School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. yihsya@kmu.edu.tw.
authors: Yi-Hsin
authors: YH
authors: Yang
mesh_terms: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D065840:Protective Factors; D012306:Risk; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates
keywords: bisphosphonate; cancer risk; endometrial cancer; meta-analysis; pharmacoepidemiology