title: The use of Zymosan A and bacteria anchored to tumor cells for effective cancer immunotherapy: B16-F10 murine melanoma model.
abstract: The idea of using killed microorganisms or their parts for a stimulation of immunity in the cancer immunotherapy is very old, but the question of interactions and binding of these preparations to tumor cells has not been addressed so far. The attachment of Zymosan A and both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria to tumor cells was tested in in vivo experiments. This binding was accomplished by charge interactions, anchoring based on hydrophobic chains and covalent bonds and proved to be crucial for a strong immunotherapeutic effect. The establishment of conditions for simultaneous stimulation of both Toll-like and phagocytic receptors led to very strong synergy. It resulted in tumor shrinkage and its temporary or permanent elimination. The role of neutrophils in cancer immunotherapy was demonstrated and the mechanism of their action (frustrated phagocytosis) was proposed. Finally, therapeutic approaches applicable for safe human cancer immunotherapy are discussed. Heat killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis covalently attached to tumor cells seems to be promising tool for this therapy.
authors: Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
authors: Eva
authors: E
authors: Waldmannová
authors: Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
authors: Veronika
authors: V
authors: Caisová
authors: Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
authors: Julie
authors: J
authors: Fáberová
authors: Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
authors: Petra
authors: P
authors: Sváčková
authors: Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
authors: Markéta
authors: M
authors: Kovářová
authors: Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
authors: Denisa
authors: D
authors: Sváčková
authors: Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
authors: Zuzana
authors: Z
authors: Kumžáková
authors: Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
authors: Adéla
authors: A
authors: Jačková
authors: Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
authors: Nikol
authors: N
authors: Vácová
authors: Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
authors: Pavla
authors: P
authors: Nedbalová
authors: Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic.
authors: Marie
authors: M
authors: Horká
authors: Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Kopecký
authors: Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic. Electronic address: jzenka@gmail.com.
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Ženka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity; D056747:Immunomodulation; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D008545:Melanoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D010587:Phagocytosis; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D047368:Tumor Burden; D015054:Zymosan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015054:Zymosan
keywords: Cancer immunotherapy; Frustrated phagocytosis; Innate immunity; Melanoma B16-F10; Neutrophils