title: Contrast media for fluoroscopic examinations of the GI and GU tracts: current challenges and recommendations.
abstract: One of the significant challenges facing radiologists who perform and interpret studies of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary systems have been periodic interruptions in the availability of barium and iodinated contrast media specially formulated for gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) studies. These interruptions are due to the US Food and Drug Administration's recent requirement for more stringent documentation of the safety and efficacy of contrast media and the consolidation among contrast manufacturers. Therefore, radiologists may be required to recommend an alternative means of evaluation, such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance, or endoscopy, or they may need to substitute a different formulation of a contrast agent not specifically developed for GI or GU use, for example the utilization of an agent designed and marketed for vascular use. This article reviews the current status of fluoroscopic contrast media, and provides suggestions and recommendations for the optimal and alternative use of contrast media formulations.
authors: Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Rm H1330, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. federle@stanford.edu.
authors: Michael P
authors: 0000-0002-6322-1527
authors: MP
authors: Federle
authors: Duke University Medical Center, Box 3808 DUMC, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
authors: Tracy A
authors: TA
authors: Jaffe
authors: Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
authors: Peter L
authors: PL
authors: Davis
authors: University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.|University Hospital, Room B1 D502, San Antonio, USA.
authors: Mahmoud M
authors: MM
authors: Al-Hawary
authors: Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
authors: Marc S
authors: MS
authors: Levine
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D052776:Female Urogenital Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D052801:Male Urogenital Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: Contrast media; Fluoroscopy; Gastrointestinal; Genitourinary