title: In vitro investigations of gold nanocages: Toxicological profile in human keratinocyte cell line.
abstract: Gold nanocages (AuNCs) are comparatively novel nanostructures, as many of their characteristics are still to be exploited. The purpose of present study was to systematically investigate the toxicological effects of AuNCs on human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) utilizing Dark Field (DF)/Bright Field (BF) imaging and flow cytometry cell cycle techniques. We have applied surface modification, concentration, and incubation time of AuNCs as variables to investigate their effect on the cellular imaging and cell cycle response of HaCaT cells. The results indicate that the AuNCs interact with HaCaT cells in accordance to their surface charge and concentration. Cellular uptake is evident from DF images which lead to the cell cycle perturbations and apoptosis in HaCaT cells. AuNCs cause a prominent G2/M phase arrest after 24 h of incubation. To the best of our knowledge toxicological effects of AuNCs on cell cycle of HaCaT cell line in vitro are not reported previously.
authors: Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Lehtrar Road, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan; Laser Dynamics Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400, United States.
authors: Farhat
authors: F
authors: Saira
authors: Laser Dynamics Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400, United States.
authors: Megan A
authors: MA
authors: Mackey
authors: Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan. Electronic address: r_quresh@qau.edu.pk.
authors: Rumana
authors: R
authors: Qureshi
authors: Laser Dynamics Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400, United States.
authors: Mahmoud A
authors: MA
authors: Mahmoud
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016195:G2 Phase / Q000187:drug effects*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D006046:Gold
keywords: Cell cycle; Cellular uptake; Gold nanocages; Human keratinocyte cell