title: Characteristics of Fine Particles in an Urban Atmosphere-Relationships with Meteorological Parameters and Trace Gases.
abstract: Atmospheric fine particles (diameter < 1 μm) attract a growing global health concern and have increased in urban areas that have a strong link to nucleation, traffic emissions, and industrial emissions. To reveal the characteristics of fine particles in an industrial city of a developing country, two-year measurements of particle number size distribution (15.1 nm-661 nm), meteorological parameters, and trace gases were made in the city of Wuhan located in central China from June 2012 to May 2014. The annual average particle number concentrations in the nucleation mode (15.1 nm-30 nm), Aitken mode (30 nm-100 nm), and accumulation mode (100 nm-661 nm) reached 4923 cm(-3), 12193 cm(-3) and 4801 cm(-3), respectively. Based on Pearson coefficients between particle number concentrations and meteorological parameters, precipitation and temperature both had significantly negative relationships with particle number concentrations, whereas atmospheric pressure was positively correlated with the particle number concentrations. The diurnal variation of number concentration in nucleation mode particles correlated closely with photochemical processes in all four seasons. At the same time, distinct growth of particles from nucleation mode to Aitken mode was only found in spring, summer, and autumn. The two peaks of Aitken mode and accumulation mode particles in morning and evening corresponded obviously to traffic exhaust emissions peaks. A phenomenon of "repeated, short-lived" nucleation events have been created to explain the durability of high particle concentrations, which was instigated by exogenous pollutants, during winter in a case analysis of Wuhan. Measurements of hourly trace gases and segmental meteorological factors were applied as proxies for complex chemical reactions and dense industrial activities. The results of this study offer reasonable estimations of particle impacts and provide references for emissions control strategies in industrial cities of developing countries.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China. tianhaozhang@whu.edu.cn.
authors: Tianhao
authors: T
authors: Zhang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China. zhongmin.zhu@whu.edu.cn.|College Information Science and Engineering, Wuchang Shouyi University, Wuhan 430064, China. zhongmin.zhu@whu.edu.cn.
authors: Zhongmin
authors: Z
authors: Zhu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China. weigong@whu.edu.cn.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Geospatial Technology, Wuhan 430079, China. weigong@whu.edu.cn.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Gong
authors: School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China. xianghao@whu.edu.cn.
authors: Hao
authors: H
authors: Xiang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China. fangrm@whu.edu.cn.
authors: Ruimin
authors: R
authors: Fang
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D001272:Atmosphere; D002681:China; D002947:Cities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005740:Gases / Q000032:analysis*; D008685:Meteorological Concepts; D055904:Meteorology; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D012621:Seasons; D013696:Temperature; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D005740:Gases; D052638:Particulate Matter; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
keywords: central China; fine particles; meteorological parameters; trace gases; “repeated, short-lived” nucleation events