title: Effects of lipid sources, lysophospholipids and organic acids in maize-based broiler diets on nutrient balance, liver concentration of fat-soluble vitamins, jejunal microbiota and performance.
abstract: Three experiments with a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement were conducted to evaluate maize-based diets for broilers containing different lipid sources [soybean oil (S) or beef tallow (T)] supplemented with or without lysophospholipids and organic acids on nutrient balance (Experiment I, evaluation period of 10-14 d), on liver concentration of fat-soluble vitamins, on jejunal microbiota (Experiment II, sampling at d 14) and on performance (Experiment III, accumulated periods of 1-14, 1-21 and 1-42 d). A total of 1344 male chicks were used. In each experiment, the birds were allotted in a completely randomised design with 8 replications. The lysophospholipids were mainly composed of lysolecithins and the organic acids blend was constituted by lactic (40%), acetic (7%) and butyric acids (1%). An interaction between lipid sources and lysophospholipids was observed on faecal apparent digestibility of lipid (ADL), which improved with lysophospholipids addition in T diets. Broilers fed on S had higher ADL and faecal apparent digestibility of nitrogen-corrected gross energy (ADGEN). It was not possible to demonstrate a significant treatment effect on the liver concentration of vitamins A and E, even with the differences in fatty acid profile between S and T. Enterobacteria values were below the detection threshold. Lysophospholipid supplementation reduced gram-positive cocci in T-fed birds. S diets promoted lower total anaerobe counts compared with T diets, independent of additives. S diets increased BW gain and feed:gain ratio in all evaluation periods. Lysophospholipids and organic acids improved feed:gain ratio at 1-21 d in T diets. Furthermore, main effects were observed for lysophospholipids and organic acids at 1-42 d, which increased BW gain and improved feed:gain ratio, respectively. No positive interactions between additives were found.
authors: a Department of Animal Nutrition and Production (VNP) , University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP) , Pirassununga , Brazil.
authors: G V
authors: GV
authors: Polycarpo
authors: a Department of Animal Nutrition and Production (VNP) , University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP) , Pirassununga , Brazil.
authors: M F C
authors: MF
authors: Burbarelli
authors: a Department of Animal Nutrition and Production (VNP) , University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP) , Pirassununga , Brazil.
authors: A C P
authors: AC
authors: CarÃo
authors: a Department of Animal Nutrition and Production (VNP) , University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP) , Pirassununga , Brazil.
authors: C E B
authors: CE
authors: Merseguel
authors: a Department of Animal Nutrition and Production (VNP) , University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP) , Pirassununga , Brazil.
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Dadalt
authors: b Department of Veterinary Medicine , University of São Paulo (FZEA-USP) , Pirassununga , Brazil.
authors: S R L
authors: SR
authors: Maganha
authors: b Department of Veterinary Medicine , University of São Paulo (FZEA-USP) , Pirassununga , Brazil.
authors: R L M
authors: RL
authors: Sousa
authors: c São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Dracena , Brazil.
authors: V C
authors: VC
authors: Cruz-Polycarpo
authors: a Department of Animal Nutrition and Production (VNP) , University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP) , Pirassununga , Brazil.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Albuquerque
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D020148:Butyric Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D005223:Fats / Q000032:analysis; D007583:Jejunum / Q000382:microbiology; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D005223:Fats; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D020148:Butyric Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D013024:Soybean Oil; C013698:tallow; D019342:Acetic Acid