title: Evaluation of impact of measles rubella campaign on vaccination coverage and routine immunization services in Bangladesh.
abstract: Like other countries in Asia, measles-rubella (MR) vaccine coverage in Bangladesh is suboptimal whereas 90-95 % coverage is needed for elimination of these diseases. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW) of the Government of Bangladesh implemented MR campaign in January-February 2014 to increase MR vaccination coverage. Strategically, the MOHFW used both routine immunization centres and educational institutions for providing vaccine to the children aged 9 months to <15 years. The evaluation was carried out to assess the impact of the campaign on MR vaccination and routine immunization services.
  
  
  
  Both quantitative and qualitative evaluations were done before and after implementation of the campaign. Quantitative data were presented with mean (standard deviation, SD) for continuous variables and with proportion for categorical variables. The overall and age- and sex-specific coverage rates were calculated for each region and then combined. Categorical variables were compared by chi-square statistics. Multiple logistic regression analysis were performed to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) of coverage associated with covariates, with adjustment for other covariates. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.
  
  
  
  The evaluations found MR coverage was very low (<13 %) before the campaign and it rose to 90 % after the campaign. The pre-post campaign difference in MR coverage in each stratum was highly significant (p < 0.001). The campaign achieved high coverage despite relatively low level (23 %) of interpersonal communication with caregivers through registration process. Child registration was associated with higher MR coverage (OR 2.91, 95 % CI 1.91-4.44). Children who attended school were more likely to be vaccinated (OR 8.97, 95 % CI 6.17-13.04) compared to those who did not attend school. Children of caregivers with primary or secondary or higher education had higher coverage compared to children of caregivers with no formal education. Most caregivers mentioned contribution of the campaign in vaccination for the children not previously vaccinated.
  
  
  
  The results of the evaluation indicated that the campaign was successful in terms of improving MR coverage and routine immunization services. The evaluation provided an important guideline for future evaluation of similar efforts in Bangladesh and elsewhere.
authors: Centre for Equity and Health Systems, icddr,b, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh. jasim@icddrb.org.
authors: Md Jasim
authors: MJ
authors: Uddin
authors: Centre for Equity and Health Systems, icddr,b, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
authors: Gourab
authors: G
authors: Adhikary
authors: Centre for Equity and Health Systems, icddr,b, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
authors: Md Wazed
authors: MW
authors: Ali
authors: Centre for Equity and Health Systems, icddr,b, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
authors: Shahabuddin
authors: S
authors: Ahmed
authors: Centre for Equity and Health Systems, icddr,b, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
authors: Md
authors: M
authors: Shamsuzzaman
authors: Institute for Health Matrices and Evaluation (IHME), University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
authors: Chris
authors: C
authors: Odell
authors: Institute for Health Matrices and Evaluation (IHME), University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
authors: Lauren
authors: L
authors: Hashiguchi
authors: Institute for Health Matrices and Evaluation (IHME), University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
authors: Stephen S
authors: SS
authors: Lim
authors: Centre for Population, Urbanization and Climate Change, icddr,b, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
authors: Nurul
authors: N
authors: Alam
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001459:Bangladesh; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003142:Communication; D006078:Government Programs; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008457:Measles / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008458:Measles Vaccine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011639:Public Opinion; D012409:Rubella / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012411:Rubella Vaccine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012574:Schools; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D008458:Measles Vaccine; D012411:Rubella Vaccine
keywords: Bangladesh; Campaign; Coverage; Measles; Rubella; Vaccination