title: Enhanced up/down-conversion luminescence and heat: Simultaneously achieving in one single core-shell structure for multimodal imaging guided therapy.
abstract: Upon near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation, the Nd(3+) doping derived down-conversion luminescence (DCL) in NIR region and thermal effect are extremely fascinating in bio-imaging and photothermal therapy (PTT) fields. However, the concentration quenching induced opposite changing trend of the two properties makes it difficult to get desired DCL and thermal effect together in one single particle. In this study, we firstly designed a unique NaGdF4:0.3%Nd@NaGdF4@NaGdF4:10%Yb/1%Er@NaGdF4:10%Yb @NaNdF4:10%Yb multiple core-shell structure. Here the inert two layers (NaGdF4 and NaGdF4:10%Yb) can substantially eliminate the quenching effects, thus achieving markedly enhanced NIR-to-NIR DCL, NIR-to-Vis up-conversion luminescence (UCL), and thermal effect under a single 808 nm light excitation simultaneously. The UCL excites the attached photosensitive drug (Au25 nanoclusters) to generate singlet oxygen ((1)O2) for photodynamic therapy (PDT), while DCL with strong NIR emission serves as probe for sensitive deep-tissue imaging. The in vitro and in vivo experimental results demonstrate the excellent cancer inhibition efficacy of this platform due to a synergistic effect arising from the combined PTT and PDT. Furthermore, multimodal imaging including fluorescence imaging (FI), photothermal imaging (PTI), and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) has been obtained, which is used to monitor the drug delivery process, internal structure of tumor and photo-therapeutic process, thus achieving the target of imaging-guided cancer therapy.
authors: Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, PR China.
authors: Fei
authors: F
authors: He
authors: Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, PR China.
authors: Lili
authors: L
authors: Feng
authors: Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, PR China. Electronic address: yangpiaoping@hrbeu.edu.cn.
authors: Piaoping
authors: P
authors: Yang
authors: Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, PR China.
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Liu
authors: Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, PR China.
authors: Shili
authors: S
authors: Gai
authors: Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, PR China.
authors: Guixin
authors: G
authors: Yang
authors: Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, PR China.
authors: Yunlu
authors: Y
authors: Dai
authors: State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China. Electronic address: jlin@ciac.ac.cn.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000379:methods; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D061088:Photoacoustic Techniques / Q000379:methods; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010789:Phototherapy / Q000379:methods; D000068936:Theranostic Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D005682:Gadolinium
keywords: Core-shell structure; Down-conversion; Imaging; Photothermal; Up-conversion