title: The effect of the administration of three different antimicrobial premix formulations via the liquid feeding system on the occurrence of Enterobacteriaceae resistant to tetracycline in the liquid feed for pigs.
abstract: The oral group treatment is still a common procedure in swine production. This project studied the effect of the application of 3 different formulations of antimicrobial premixes (1. chlortetracycline, 2. chlortetracycline + sulfadimidine + tylosin, 3. sulfadimidine + sulfathiazole + trimethoprim) via the liquid feeding system on the occurrence of tetracycline-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (Ent-Tetr) in the liquid feed. 156 and 112 feed samples were collected between April and December 2015 in 13 case and 14 control farms, respectively. The 27 farms were randomly selected pig fattening farms located in different parts of Switzerland. The number of feed samples that contained Ent-Tetr as well as the number of Enterobacteriaceae resistant to tetracycline per sample was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group. The use of any of the 3 antimicrobial combinations turned out to be the main risk factor for the occurrence of Ent-Tetr in the liquid feed. Our results suggest that liquid feed containing antimicrobials is a reservoir of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in swine production.
authors: Department for Farm Animals, Division of Swine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland.|Institute for Livestock Sciences, Agroscope, Posieux, Switzerland.
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Heller
authors: Department for Farm Animals, Division of Swine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Sidler
authors: Section for Ambulatory Service and Herd Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Hässig
authors: Institute for Livestock Sciences, Agroscope, Posieux, Switzerland.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Thanner
authors: Institute for Livestock Sciences, Agroscope, Posieux, Switzerland.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Bee
authors: Institute for Livestock Sciences, Agroscope, Posieux, Switzerland.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Gutzwiller
authors: Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Stephan
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000382:microbiology*; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005248:Feeding Methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D013552:Swine; D013557:Switzerland; D013754:Tetracyclines / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D013754:Tetracyclines
keywords: Antibiotikaresistenz; Enterobacteriaceae; Flüssigfütterung; Mastschweine; Tetrazyklin; antimicrobial resistance; fattening pigs; liquid feeding; oral group therapy; orale Gruppentherapie; tetracycline