title: Pattern of Polymicrobial Isolates and Antimicrobial Susceptibility from Blood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the pattern of polymicrobial isolates in blood cultures and antimicrobial susceptibility in a tertiary care hospital of Karachi.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi, Pakistan, from September to November 2014.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood culture samples were received from patients, which were processed by BACTEC 9240 system (Becton Dickinson). All positive blood samples were further analyzed. Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was determined according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria of the year. Identification of growth was based on Gram staining, colony morphology and appropriate biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility was done as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of the 7251 samples submitted, 2931 (40.42%) were positive for growth, 2389 (81.5%) samples were monomicrobial, whereas 542 (18.5%) samples were polymicrobial. Among the polymicrobial isolates, 468 (86.34%) blood culture samples yielded two, 66 (12.17%) yielded three, and 8 (1.47%) yielded four organisms. Gram positive isolates were 281 (51.84%) and Gram negative were 261 (48.15%). The most frequent isolates in polymicrobial blood stream infection were Acinetobacterspp. (51/542, 9.4%) and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus(84/542, 15.5%), respectively. Staphylococcus aureus isolates, which were resistant to Methicillin, accounted for 24.65%. Third generation Cephalosporins resistance in Klebsiella spp. and Eschericia (E.) coli was found to be 63.6% and 58%, respectively. Carbapenem resistance was seen in 5.9% of Pseudomonas aeruginosaand 17.6% Acinetobacter spp.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gram positive bacteria were more commonly involved in polymicrobial blood stream infections with Coagulase negative Staphylococcusbeing the most common Gram positive isolate. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusaccounted for one-fourth of isolates. Higher resistance to third generation Cephalosporins was seen in Klebsiella spp. and E.coli isolates. Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosaand Acinetobacter species to Carbapenems was found out to be on the lower side.
authors: Department of Microbiology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplant, Karachi.
authors: Samina
authors: S
authors: Shabbir
authors: Department of Microbiology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplant, Karachi.
authors: Sana
authors: S
authors: Jamil
authors: Department of Microbiology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplant, Karachi.
authors: Saleem
authors: S
authors: Hafiz
mesh_terms: D000150:Acinetobacter / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000382:microbiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents