title: Carbocatalysis in Liquid-Phase Reactions.
abstract: There is broad interest in metal-free catalysis for sustainable chemistry. Carbocatalysis is a "green" option for catalytic transformations in the gas phase as well as in the liquid phase. This is evident by the numerous reports on gas-phase dehydrogenation and selective oxidation where carbon can be used as a successful alternative to metal oxide systems. Carbocatalysis for liquid-phase reactions, especially for organic synthesis, is an emerging research discipline and has undergone rapid development in recent years. This Review provides a critical analysis on the state-of-the-art of carbocatalysts for liquid-phase reactions, with a focus on the underlying mechanisms as well as the advantages and limitations of metal-free carbocatalysts.
authors: Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
authors: Dang Sheng
authors: DS
authors: Su
authors: Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
authors: Guodong
authors: G
authors: Wen
authors: Max-Planck-Institut für chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany.
authors: Shuchang
authors: S
authors: Wu
authors: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China.
authors: Feng
authors: F
authors: Peng
authors: Max-Planck-Institut für chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany.|Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin, 14195, Germany.
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Schlögl
keywords: active sites; carbocatalysis; liquid phase; nanocarbon materials; reaction mechanisms