title: Enantioselective simultaneous analysis of selected pharmaceuticals in environmental samples by ultrahigh performance supercritical fluid based chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: In order to assess the true impact of each single enantiomer of pharmacologically active compounds (PACs) in the environment, highly efficient, fast and sensitive analytical methods are needed. For the first time this paper focuses on the use of ultrahigh performance supercritical fluid based chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer to develop multi-residue enantioselective methods for chiral PACs in environmental matrices. This technique exploits the advantages of supercritical fluid chromatography, ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Two coated modified 2.5 μm-polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases were investigated: an amylose tris-3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate column and a cellulose tris-3-chloro-4-methylphenylcarbamate column. The effect of different chromatographic variables on chiral recognition is highlighted. This novel approach resulted in the baseline resolution of 13 enantiomers PACs (aminorex, carprofen, chloramphenicol, 3-N-dechloroethylifosfamide, flurbiprofen, 2-hydroxyibuprofen, ifosfamide, imazalil, naproxen, ofloxacin, omeprazole, praziquantel and tetramisole) and partial resolution of 2 enantiomers PACs (ibuprofen and indoprofen) under fast-gradient conditions (<10 min analysis time). The overall performance of the methods was satisfactory. The applicability of the methods was tested on influent and effluent wastewater samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first feasibility study on the simultaneous separation of chemically diverse chiral PACs in environmental matrices using ultrahigh performance supercritical fluid based chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.
authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
authors: Dolores
authors: D
authors: Camacho-Muñoz
authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom. Electronic address: b.kasprzyk-hordern@bath.ac.uk.
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Kasprzyk-Hordern
authors: Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: kevin.thomas@niva.no.
authors: Kevin V
authors: KV
authors: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000635:Aminorex / Q000032:analysis; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000032:analysis; D002701:Chloramphenicol / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid; D005480:Flurbiprofen / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000032:analysis; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000032:analysis; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000032:analysis; D007216:Indoprofen / Q000032:analysis; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009288:Naproxen / Q000032:analysis; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000032:analysis; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000032:analysis; D011223:Praziquantel / Q000032:analysis; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D013773:Tetramisole / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002227:Carbazoles; D007093:Imidazoles; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000635:Aminorex; D009288:Naproxen; D005480:Flurbiprofen; D011223:Praziquantel; D002701:Chloramphenicol; C017435:enilconazole; D015242:Ofloxacin; D013773:Tetramisole; D007216:Indoprofen; C007005:carprofen; D009853:Omeprazole; D007069:Ifosfamide; D007052:Ibuprofen
keywords: Enantiomer resolution; Polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases; Supercritical fluid based chromatography; Wastewater