title: Development of a Swine Benign Biliary Stricture Model Using Endoscopic Biliary Radiofrequency Ablation.
abstract: The large animal model with benign biliary stricture (BBS) is essential to undergo experiment on developing new devices and endoscopic treatment. This study conducted to establish a clinically relevant porcine BBS model by means of endobiliary radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) was performed on 12 swine. The animals were allocated to three groups (60, 80, and 100 W) according to the electrical power level of RFA electrode. Endobiliary RFA was applied to the common bile duct for 60 seconds using an RFA catheter that was endoscopically inserted. ERC was repeated two and four weeks, respectively, after the RFA to identify BBS. After the strictures were identified, histologic evaluations were performed. On the follow-up ERC two weeks after the procedure, a segmental bile duct stricture was observed in all animals. On microscopic examination, severe periductal fibrosis and luminal obliteration with transmural inflammation were demonstrated. Bile duct perforations occurred in two pigs (100 W, n = 1; 80 W, n = 1) but there were no major complications in the 60 W group. The application of endobiliary RFA with 60 W electrical power resulted in a safe and reproducible swine model of BBS.
authors: Digestive Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors: Jin Seok
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9911-8823
authors: JS
authors: Park
authors: Digestive Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine and the National Center of Efficacy Evaluation for the Development of Health Products Targeting Digestive Disorders (NCEED), Incheon, Korea. inos@inha.ac.kr.
authors: Seok
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6178-8338
authors: S
authors: Jeong
authors: Department of Pathology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors: Joon Mee
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1355-4187
authors: JM
authors: Kim
authors: Digestive Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors: Sang Soon
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1609-1990
authors: SS
authors: Park
authors: Digestive Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, the National Center of Efficacy Evaluation for the Development of Health Products Targeting Digestive Disorders (NCEED) and Utah-Inha DDS & Advanced Therapeutics Research Center, Incheon, Korea.
authors: Don Haeng
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0397-302X
authors: DH
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D003135:Common Bile Duct / Q000473:pathology*; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D007249:Inflammation; D023421:Models, Animal; D013552:Swine
keywords: Animal Experimentation; Benign Stricture; Endoscopes; Radiofrequency Ablation; Safety