title: [THE ROLE OF ESTROGENS IN THE CARCINOGENESIS OF LUNG CANCER].
abstract: Morbidity and mortality from lung cancer has dramatically increased in women as compared to men over the past few years. Historically, smoking has been considered the major risk factor for lung cancer regardless of gender. Several recent lines of evidence implicate gender differences in the observed differences in prevalence and histologic type which cannot be explained based on the carcinogenic action of nicotine. Several recent studies underscore the importance of reproductive and hormonal factors in the carcinogenesis of lung cancer Lung cancer morbidity and mortality in Bulgaria was 16.2/100000 women and 14.6/ 100000 women, resp. Lung cancer morbidity in Europe was 39/100000 women. Lung cancer is extremely sensitive to estrogens. The latter act directly or as effect modifiers for the relationship between smoking and lung cancer. Further research examining the relationship between serum estrogen levels and the estrogen receptor expression in normal and tumor lung tissue samples can help elucidate the importance of reproductive and hormonal (exogenous and endogenous) factors in the carcinogenesis of lung cancer.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Uchikova
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Uchikov
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Dimitrakova
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Uchikov
mesh_terms: D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008593:Menopause / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens