title: Description of Loxtox protein family and identification of a new group of Phospholipases D from Loxosceles similis venom gland.
abstract: Envenoming resulting from Loxosceles spider bites (loxoscelism) is a recognized public health problem in Brazil. However, the pathophysiology of loxoscelism caused by L. similis bites, which is widespread in Brazil, remains poorly understood. In the present work, the RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq - Next Generation sequencing - NGS) of the L. similis venom gland was performed to identify and analyze the sequences of the key component phospholipase D. The sequences were aligned based on their classical domains, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. In the bioinformatics analysis, 23 complete sequences of phospholipase D proteins were found and classified as Loxtox proteins, as they contained the characteristic domains of phospholipase D: the active site, the Mg(2+)-binding domain, and the catalytic loop. Three phospholipase D sequences with non-canonical domains were also found in this work. They were analyzed separately and named PLDs from L. similis (PLD-Ls). This study is the first to characterize phospholipase D sequences from Loxosceles spiders by RNA-Seq. These results contribute new knowledge about the composition of L. similis venom, revealing novel tools that could be used for pharmacological, immunological, and biotechnological applications.
authors: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: arthurestanislau@gmail.com.
authors: Arthur Estanislau
authors: AE
authors: Dantas
authors: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: anderson.o.carmo@gmail.com.
authors: A O
authors: AO
authors: Carmo
authors: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Mestrado Profissional em Biotecnologia e Gestão da Inovação, Centro Universitário de Sete Lagoas, Sete Lagoas, 35701-242, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: carolinacampolina@yahoo.com.br.
authors: Carolina Campolina Rebello
authors: CC
authors: Horta
authors: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: hgomesleal@gmail.com.
authors: Hortênsia Gomes
authors: HG
authors: Leal
authors: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: barbarab.mendes@gmail.com.
authors: Bárbara Bruna Ribeiro
authors: BB
authors: Oliveira-Mendes
authors: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: anavimartins@gmail.com.
authors: Ana Paula Vimieiro
authors: AP
authors: Martins
authors: Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: olortegi@icb.ufmg.br.
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Chávez-Olórtegui
authors: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: ekalapo@icb.ufmg.br.
authors: Evanguedes
authors: E
authors: Kalapothakis
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D063287:Brown Recluse Spider; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010739:Phospholipase D / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013111:Spider Venoms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D013111:Spider Venoms; C055161:loxosceles venom; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D010739:Phospholipase D
keywords: Loxosceles; Loxosceles similis; Loxtox; NGS; Phospholipase D; RNA-seq; Venom