title: Circadian Oscillators: Around the Transcription-Translation Feedback Loop and on to Output.
abstract: From cyanobacteria to mammals, organisms have evolved timing mechanisms to adapt to environmental changes in order to optimize survival and improve fitness. To anticipate these regular daily cycles, many organisms manifest ∼24h cell-autonomous oscillations that are sustained by transcription-translation-based or post-transcriptional negative-feedback loops that control a wide range of biological processes. With an eye to identifying emerging common themes among cyanobacterial, fungal, and animal clocks, some major recent developments in the understanding of the mechanisms that regulate these oscillators and their output are discussed. These include roles for antisense transcription, intrinsically disordered proteins, codon bias in clock genes, and a more focused discussion of post-transcriptional and translational regulation as a part of both the oscillator and output.
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA. Electronic address: hurlej2@rpi.edu.
authors: Jennifer M
authors: JM
authors: Hurley
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
authors: Jennifer J
authors: JJ
authors: Loros
authors: Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. Electronic address: jay.c.dunlap@dartmouth.edu.
authors: Jay C
authors: JC
authors: Dunlap
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics* / Q000528:radiation effects; D056925:Circadian Rhythm Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003062:Codon; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D025461:Feedback, Physiological; D005658:Fungi / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D006801:Humans; D064267:Intrinsically Disordered Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008027:Light; D055537:Light Signal Transduction; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D056925:Circadian Rhythm Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D003062:Codon; D064267:Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
keywords: PTO; TTFL; antisense.; clock; intrinsically disordered protein ;codon bias