title: The Diagnosis and Treatment of Hair and Scalp Diseases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hair loss is caused by a variety of hair growth disorders, each with its own pathogenetic mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review is based on pertinent articles retrieved by a selective search in PubMed, on the current German and European guidelines, and on the authors' clinical and scientific experience.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Excessive daily hair loss (effluvium) may be physiological, as in the postpartum state, or pathological, due for example to thyroid disturbances, drug effects, iron deficiency, or syphilis. Androgenetic alopecia generally manifests itself in women as diffuse thinning of the hair over the top of the scalp, and in men as receding temporal hairlines and loss of hair in the region of the whorl on the back of the head. Alopecia areata is patchy hair loss arising over a short time and involving the scalp, eyebrows, beard, or entire body. The hair loss of alopecia areata is reversible in principle but hard to treat. Folliculitis decalvans is a form of alopecia with scarring, characterized by inflamed papules, pustules, and crusts at the edges of the lesions. Lichen planopilaris generally presents with small patches of baldness, peripilar erythema, and round areas of skin scaling. Kossard's frontal fibrosing alopecia is characterized by a receding hairline and loss of eyebrows.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hair loss is a symptom, not a diagnosis. The pathogenesis of the alopecias involves a range of genetic, endocrine, immune, and inflammatory processes, each of which calls for its own form of treatment.
authors: Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität München, Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein: University of Lübeck, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitäts medizin Berlin.
authors: Hans
authors: H
authors: Wolff
authors: Tobias W
authors: TW
authors: Fischer
authors: Ulrike
authors: U
authors: Blume-Peytavi
mesh_terms: D000505:Alopecia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D018120:Finasteride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006197:Hair / Q000637:transplantation*; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008914:Minoxidil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012536:Scalp Dermatoses / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D018120:Finasteride; D008914:Minoxidil