title: Vector-based forearm rotation moment arms - A sensitivity analysis.
abstract: All existing moment arm data for muscles of the forearm derive from tendon excursion experiments. Moment arms determined this way are only valid for movement about the same generalised coordinate system as was used during the tendon excursion, which makes their implementation in more complex or realistic joint models problematic. This study used a vector-based method to calculate muscle moment arms in a three dimensional model of forearm rotation. It also evaluated the sensitivity of this method to errors in the input data. There was reasonably close agreement between the moment arms calculated in this study and those published using tendon excursion methods. Six out of eight muscles had moment arms within the range of values reported previously. However, the vector-based method was sensitive to the accuracy of the input data. This sensitivity varied between muscles and input variables. Generally, the calculations were more robust to the point of force application than the muscle lines of action and the joint's axis of rotation. A small change in these variables could produce substantial changes in the calculated moment arms. Consequently, accurate input data is important when using the vector-based method in a joint model.
authors: Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. Electronic address: dgre057@aucklanduni.ac.nz.
authors: Desney
authors: D
authors: Greybe
authors: Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
authors: Michael R
authors: MR
authors: Boland
authors: Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
authors: Kumar
authors: K
authors: Mithraratne
mesh_terms: D005542:Forearm / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009068:Movement; D009132:Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D012399:Rotation
keywords: Forearm; Joint axis; Line of action; Moment arm; Muscle; Vector