title: Antifouling polyethersulfone hemodialysis membranes incorporated with poly (citric acid) polymerized multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
abstract: Poly (citric acid)-grafted-MWCNT (PCA-g-MWCNT) was incorporated as nanofiller in polyethersulfone (PES) to produce hemodialysis mixed matrix membrane (MMM). Citric acid monohydrate was polymerized onto the surface of MWCNTs by polycondensation. Neat PES membrane and PES/MWCNTs MMMs were fabricated by dry-wet spinning technique. The membranes were characterized in terms of morphology, pure water flux (PWF) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein rejection. The grafting yield of PCA onto MWCNTs was calculated as 149.2%. The decrease of contact angle from 77.56° to 56.06° for PES/PCA-g-MWCNTs membrane indicated the increase in surface hydrophilicity, which rendered positive impacts on the PWF and BSA rejection of the membrane. The PWF increased from 15.8Lm(-2)h(-1) to 95.36Lm(-2)h(-1) upon the incorporation of PCA-g-MWCNTs due to the attachment of abundant hydrophilic groups that present on the MWCNTs, which have improved the affinity of membrane towards the water molecules. For protein rejection, the PES/PCA-g-MWCNTs MMM rejected 95.2% of BSA whereas neat PES membrane demonstrated protein rejection of 90.2%. Compared to commercial PES hemodialysis membrane, the PES/PCA-g-MWCNTs MMMs showed less flux decline behavior and better PWF recovery ratio, suggesting that the membrane antifouling performance was improved. The incorporation of PCA-g-MWCNTs enhanced the separation features and antifouling capabilities of the PES membrane for hemodialysis application.
authors: Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Skudai, Malaysia.
authors: Muhammad Nidzhom Zainol
authors: MNZ
authors: Abidin
authors: Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Skudai, Malaysia. Electronic address: peisean@petroleum.utm.my.
authors: Pei Sean
authors: PS
authors: Goh
authors: Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Skudai, Malaysia.
authors: Ahmad Fauzi
authors: AF
authors: Ismail
authors: Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Skudai, Malaysia.
authors: Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan
authors: MHD
authors: Othman
authors: Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Skudai, Malaysia.
authors: Hasrinah
authors: H
authors: Hasbullah
authors: Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Skudai, Malaysia.
authors: Noresah
authors: N
authors: Said
authors: Institute of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors: Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul
authors: SHSA
authors: Kadir
authors: Institute of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors: Fatmawati
authors: F
authors: Kamal
authors: Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Skudai, Malaysia.
authors: Mohd Sohaimi
authors: MS
authors: Abdullah
authors: Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Skudai, Malaysia.
authors: Be Cheer
authors: BC
authors: Ng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D006801:Humans; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry; D013450:Sulfones / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D011108:Polymers; D013450:Sulfones; C022840:polyether sulfone; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine
keywords: Antifouling; Hemodialysis; Multi-walled carbon nanotubes; Poly (citric acid); Polyethersulfone