title: Phylogenetic, syntenic, and tissue expression analysis of slc22 genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio).
abstract: SLC22 protein family is a member of the SLC (Solute carriers) superfamily of polyspecific membrane transporters responsible for uptake of a wide range of organic anions and cations, including numerous endo- and xenobiotics. Due to the lack of knowledge on zebrafish Slc22 family, we performed initial characterization of these transporters using a detailed phylogenetic and conserved synteny analysis followed by the tissue specific expression profiling of slc22 transcripts.
  
  
  
  We identified 20 zebrafish slc22 genes which are organized in the same functional subgroups as human SLC22 members. Orthologies and syntenic relations between zebrafish and other vertebrates revealed consequences of the teleost-specific whole genome duplication as shown through one-to-many orthologies for certain zebrafish slc22 genes. Tissue expression profiles of slc22 transcripts were analyzed using qRT-PCR determinations in nine zebrafish tissues: liver, kidney, intestine, gills, brain, skeletal muscle, eye, heart, and gonads. Our analysis revealed high expression of oct1 in kidney, especially in females, followed by oat3 and oat2c in females, oat2e in males and orctl4 in females. oct1 was also dominant in male liver. oat2d showed the highest expression in intestine with less noticeable gender differences. All slc22 genes showed low expression in gills, and moderate expression in heart and skeletal muscle. Dominant genes in brain were oat1 in females and oct1 in males, while the highest gender differences were determined in gonads, with dominant expression of almost all slc22 genes in testes and the highest expression of oat2a.
  
  
  
  Our study offers the first insight into the orthology relationships, gene expression and potential role of Slc22 membrane transporters in zebrafish. Clear orthological relationships of zebrafish slc22 and other vertebrate slc22 genes were established. slc22 members are mostly highly conserved, suggesting their physiological and toxicological importance. One-to-many orthologies and differences in tissue expression patterns of zebrafish slc22 genes in comparison to human orthologs were observed. Our expression data point to partial similarity of zebrafish versus human Slc22 members, with possible compensatory roles of certain zebrafish transporters, whereas higher number of some orthologs implies potentially more diverse and specific roles of these proteins in zebrafish.
authors: Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors: Ivan
authors: I
authors: Mihaljevic
authors: Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.|Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Popovic
authors: Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.|Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK.
authors: Roko
authors: R
authors: Zaja
authors: Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia. smital@irb.hr.
authors: Tvrtko
authors: 0000-0003-2890-3394
authors: T
authors: Smital
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D027701:Organic Cation Transport Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011485:Protein Binding; D012313:RNA / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D059467:Transcriptome; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000235:genetics; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D027701:Organic Cation Transport Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D012313:RNA
keywords: Organic anion transporters; Organic cation transporters; Phylogeny; SLC22; Synteny; Tissue expression; Zebrafish