title: Improving Long-Term Care Facility Disaster Preparedness and Response: A Literature Review.
abstract: Long-term care facilities (LTCFs) and their residents are especially susceptible to disruptions associated with natural disasters and often have limited experience and resources for disaster planning and response. Previous reports have offered disaster planning and response recommendations. We could not find a comprehensive review of studied interventions or facility attributes that affect disaster outcomes in LTCFs and their residents. We reviewed articles published from 1974 through September 30, 2015, that studied disaster characteristics, facility characteristics, patient characteristics, or an intervention that affected outcomes for LTCFs experiencing or preparing for a disaster. Twenty-one articles were included in the review. All of the articles fell into 1 of the following categories: facility or disaster characteristics that predicted preparedness or response, interventions to improve preparedness, and health effects of disaster response, most often related to facility evacuation. All of the articles described observational studies that were heterogeneous in design and metrics. We believe that the evidence-based literature supports 6 specific recommendations for facilities, governmental agencies, health care communities and academia. These include integrated and coordinated disaster planning, staff training, careful consideration before governments order mandatory evacuations, anticipation of the increased medical needs of LTCF residents following a disaster, and the need for more outcomes research. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:140-149).
authors: 1Department of Internal Medicine,University of New Mexico School of Medicine,Albuquerque,New Mexico.
authors: J Rush
authors: JR
authors: Pierce
authors: 2Health Sciences Library and Informatics Center,University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center,Albuquerque,New Mexico.
authors: Sarah K
authors: SK
authors: Morley
authors: 3City of Amarillo Office of Emergency Management and Department of Pharmacy Practice,Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy,Amarillo,Texas.
authors: Theresa A
authors: TA
authors: West
authors: 1Department of Internal Medicine,University of New Mexico School of Medicine,Albuquerque,New Mexico.
authors: Percy
authors: P
authors: Pentecost
authors: 5Office of Emergency Management Operations,SouthEast Texas Regional Advisory Council,Houston,Texas.
authors: Lori A
authors: LA
authors: Upton
authors: 6Department of Emergency Medicine,University of New Mexico School of Medicine, and Center for Disaster Medicine,University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center,Albuquerque,New Mexico.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Banks
mesh_terms: D002959:Civil Defense / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D004190:Disasters; D006268:Health Facilities / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008134:Long-Term Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards; D011634:Public Health / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards
keywords: disaster; evacuation; long-term care; nursing homes; preparedness