title: Low-dose aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and prostate cancer risk: a nationwide study.
abstract: Increasing evidence suggests that aspirin use may protect against prostate cancer. In a nationwide case-control study, using Danish high-quality registry data, we evaluated the association between the use of low-dose aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the risk of prostate cancer.
  
  
  
  We identified 35,600 patients (cases) with histologically verified prostate cancer during 2000-2012. Cases were matched to 177,992 population controls on age and residence by risk-set sampling. Aspirin and nonaspirin NSAID exposure was defined by type, estimated dose, duration, and consistency of use. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs), with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs), for prostate cancer associated with low-dose aspirin (75-150 mg) or nonaspirin NSAID use, adjusted for potential confounders.
  
  
  
  Use of low-dose aspirin was associated with an OR for prostate cancer of 0.94 (95 % CI 0.91-0.97). Slightly lower ORs were seen with increasing cumulative amount, duration, and consistency of low-dose aspirin use (continuous use, ≥5 years: OR 0.89; 95 % CI 0.82-0.97; ≥10 years: OR 0.86; 95 % CI 0.70-1.06). Nonaspirin NSAID use was associated with a slightly increased OR for prostate cancer (1.13; 95 % CI 1.10-1.15); however, this association was confined to localized disease and did not vary materially with amount, duration, or consistency of nonaspirin NSAID use.
  
  
  
  Our study indicates that long-term, consistent low-dose aspirin use may provide modest protection against prostate cancer. The slightly increased risk of only localized prostate cancer with nonaspirin NSAID use suggests a noncausal explanation of the observed association.
authors: Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. skriver@cancer.dk.
authors: Charlotte
authors: 0000-0003-0774-4259
authors: C
authors: Skriver
authors: Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Dehlendorff
authors: Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Borre
authors: Department of Urology, Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
authors: Klaus
authors: K
authors: Brasso
authors: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Allé 43-45, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
authors: Henrik Toft
authors: HT
authors: Sørensen
authors: Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 19, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
authors: Jesper
authors: J
authors: Hallas
authors: Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
authors: Signe Benzon
authors: SB
authors: Larsen
authors: Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Tjønneland
authors: Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.|Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Allé 43-45, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.|Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
authors: Søren
authors: S
authors: Friis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001241:Aspirin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D012042:Registries; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D001241:Aspirin
keywords: Aspirin; Case–control study; Epidemiology; Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Prostate neoplasms; Risk