title: Probucol in Albuminuric Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients on Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade: A 16-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
abstract: To determine the effect of probucol on urine albumin excretion in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with albuminuria using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers.
  
  
  
  This was a 16-week, phase II, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with a urinary albumin/creatinine ratio of ≥300 mg/g using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, conducted in 17 tertiary referral hospitals. Eligible patients were randomized to probucol 250 mg/d (n=44), probucol 500 mg/d (n=41), and placebo (n=41) groups in a ratio of 1:1:1 after block randomization procedures, keeping the treatment assignment blinded to the investigators, patients, and study assistants. The primary end point was change in the geometric mean of urinary albumin/creatinine ratio from baseline to week 16 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01726816). The study was started on November 8, 2012, and completed on March 24, 2014. The least squares mean change±SE from baseline in urinary albumin/creatinine ratio at week 16 was -7.2±639.5 mg/g in the probucol 250 mg/d group (n=43; P=0.2077 versus placebo group), 9.3±587.4 mg/g in the probucol 500 mg/d group (n=40; P=0.1975 versus placebo group), and 259.0±969.1 mg/g in the placebo group (n=41). Although the majority of subjects were on statins, probucol treatment significantly lowered total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. QT prolongation occurred in one and two subjects in control and probucol 250 mg/d groups, respectively.
  
  
  
  Four months of probucol up to 500 mg/d failed to reduce urinary albumin excretion.
authors: From the Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-M.J., M.-K.L.); Diabetes Center, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.A.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Medical University, Seoul, Korea (J.M.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (T.S.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (S.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Korea (C.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea (I.B.P.); Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (E.J.R.); Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Seoul (S.H.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea (T.S.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (I.-K.L.); Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea (S.-H.K.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-C.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University of Collage of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (B.S.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea (H.W.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea (M.-S.N.).
authors: Sang-Man
authors: SM
authors: Jin
authors: From the Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-M.J., M.-K.L.); Diabetes Center, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.A.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Medical University, Seoul, Korea (J.M.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (T.S.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (S.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Korea (C.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea (I.B.P.); Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (E.J.R.); Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Seoul (S.H.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea (T.S.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (I.-K.L.); Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea (S.-H.K.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-C.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University of Collage of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (B.S.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea (H.W.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea (M.-S.N.).
authors: Kyung Ah
authors: KA
authors: Han
authors: From the Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-M.J., M.-K.L.); Diabetes Center, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.A.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Medical University, Seoul, Korea (J.M.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (T.S.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (S.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Korea (C.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea (I.B.P.); Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (E.J.R.); Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Seoul (S.H.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea (T.S.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (I.-K.L.); Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea (S.-H.K.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-C.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University of Collage of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (B.S.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea (H.W.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea (M.-S.N.).
authors: Jae Myung
authors: JM
authors: Yu
authors: From the Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-M.J., M.-K.L.); Diabetes Center, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.A.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Medical University, Seoul, Korea (J.M.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (T.S.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (S.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Korea (C.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea (I.B.P.); Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (E.J.R.); Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Seoul (S.H.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea (T.S.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (I.-K.L.); Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea (S.-H.K.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-C.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University of Collage of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (B.S.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea (H.W.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea (M.-S.N.).
authors: Tae Seo
authors: TS
authors: Sohn
authors: From the Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-M.J., M.-K.L.); Diabetes Center, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.A.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Medical University, Seoul, Korea (J.M.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (T.S.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (S.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Korea (C.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea (I.B.P.); Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (E.J.R.); Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Seoul (S.H.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea (T.S.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (I.-K.L.); Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea (S.-H.K.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-C.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University of Collage of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (B.S.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea (H.W.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea (M.-S.N.).
authors: Sung Hee
authors: SH
authors: Choi
authors: From the Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-M.J., M.-K.L.); Diabetes Center, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.A.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Medical University, Seoul, Korea (J.M.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (T.S.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (S.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Korea (C.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea (I.B.P.); Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (E.J.R.); Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Seoul (S.H.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea (T.S.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (I.-K.L.); Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea (S.-H.K.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-C.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University of Collage of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (B.S.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea (H.W.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea (M.-S.N.).
authors: Choon Hee
authors: CH
authors: Chung
authors: From the Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-M.J., M.-K.L.); Diabetes Center, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.A.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Medical University, Seoul, Korea (J.M.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (T.S.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (S.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Korea (C.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea (I.B.P.); Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (E.J.R.); Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Seoul (S.H.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea (T.S.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (I.-K.L.); Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea (S.-H.K.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-C.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University of Collage of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (B.S.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea (H.W.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea (M.-S.N.).
authors: Ie Byung
authors: IeB
authors: Park
authors: From the Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-M.J., M.-K.L.); Diabetes Center, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.A.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Medical University, Seoul, Korea (J.M.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (T.S.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (S.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Korea (C.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea (I.B.P.); Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (E.J.R.); Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Seoul (S.H.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea (T.S.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (I.-K.L.); Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea (S.-H.K.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-C.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University of Collage of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (B.S.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea (H.W.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea (M.-S.N.).
authors: Eun Jung
authors: EJ
authors: Rhee
authors: From the Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-M.J., M.-K.L.); Diabetes Center, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.A.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Medical University, Seoul, Korea (J.M.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (T.S.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (S.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Korea (C.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea (I.B.P.); Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (E.J.R.); Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Seoul (S.H.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea (T.S.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (I.-K.L.); Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea (S.-H.K.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-C.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University of Collage of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (B.S.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea (H.W.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea (M.-S.N.).
authors: Sei Hyun
authors: SH
authors: Baik
authors: From the Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-M.J., M.-K.L.); Diabetes Center, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.A.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Medical University, Seoul, Korea (J.M.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (T.S.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (S.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Korea (C.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea (I.B.P.); Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (E.J.R.); Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Seoul (S.H.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea (T.S.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (I.-K.L.); Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea (S.-H.K.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-C.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University of Collage of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (B.S.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea (H.W.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea (M.-S.N.).
authors: Tae Sun
authors: TS
authors: Park
authors: From the Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-M.J., M.-K.L.); Diabetes Center, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.A.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Medical University, Seoul, Korea (J.M.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (T.S.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (S.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Korea (C.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea (I.B.P.); Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (E.J.R.); Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Seoul (S.H.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea (T.S.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (I.-K.L.); Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea (S.-H.K.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-C.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University of Collage of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (B.S.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea (H.W.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea (M.-S.N.).
authors: In-Kyu
authors: IK
authors: Lee
authors: From the Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-M.J., M.-K.L.); Diabetes Center, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.A.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Medical University, Seoul, Korea (J.M.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (T.S.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (S.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Korea (C.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea (I.B.P.); Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (E.J.R.); Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Seoul (S.H.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea (T.S.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (I.-K.L.); Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea (S.-H.K.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-C.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University of Collage of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (B.S.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea (H.W.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea (M.-S.N.).
authors: Seung-Hyun
authors: SH
authors: Ko
authors: From the Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-M.J., M.-K.L.); Diabetes Center, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.A.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Medical University, Seoul, Korea (J.M.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (T.S.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (S.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Korea (C.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea (I.B.P.); Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (E.J.R.); Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Seoul (S.H.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea (T.S.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (I.-K.L.); Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea (S.-H.K.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-C.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University of Collage of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (B.S.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea (H.W.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea (M.-S.N.).
authors: You-Cheol
authors: YC
authors: Hwang
authors: From the Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-M.J., M.-K.L.); Diabetes Center, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.A.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Medical University, Seoul, Korea (J.M.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (T.S.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (S.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Korea (C.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea (I.B.P.); Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (E.J.R.); Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Seoul (S.H.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea (T.S.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (I.-K.L.); Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea (S.-H.K.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-C.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University of Collage of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (B.S.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea (H.W.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea (M.-S.N.).
authors: Bong Soo
authors: BS
authors: Cha
authors: From the Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-M.J., M.-K.L.); Diabetes Center, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.A.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Medical University, Seoul, Korea (J.M.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (T.S.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (S.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Korea (C.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea (I.B.P.); Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (E.J.R.); Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Seoul (S.H.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea (T.S.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (I.-K.L.); Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea (S.-H.K.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-C.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University of Collage of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (B.S.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea (H.W.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea (M.-S.N.).
authors: Hyoung Woo
authors: HW
authors: Lee
authors: From the Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-M.J., M.-K.L.); Diabetes Center, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.A.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Medical University, Seoul, Korea (J.M.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (T.S.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (S.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Korea (C.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea (I.B.P.); Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (E.J.R.); Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Seoul (S.H.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea (T.S.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (I.-K.L.); Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea (S.-H.K.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-C.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University of Collage of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (B.S.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea (H.W.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea (M.-S.N.).
authors: Moon-Suk
authors: MS
authors: Nam
authors: From the Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-M.J., M.-K.L.); Diabetes Center, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.A.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Medical University, Seoul, Korea (J.M.Y.); Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (T.S.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (S.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Korea (C.H.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea (I.B.P.); Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (E.J.R.); Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Seoul (S.H.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea (T.S.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (I.-K.L.); Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea (S.-H.K.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-C.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University of Collage of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (B.S.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea (H.W.L.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea (M.-S.N.). leemk@skku.edu.
authors: Moon-Kyu
authors: MK
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011341:Probucol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects*; D056910:Republic of Korea; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D011341:Probucol
keywords: albuminuria; antioxidants; diabetic nephropathies; probucol; type 2 diabetes mellitus