title: Trends in tuberculosis case notification and treatment outcomes after interventions in 10 zones of Ethiopia.
abstract: Amhara and Oromia Regions, Ethiopia.
  
  
  
  To determine trends in case notification rates (CNRs) among new tuberculosis (TB) cases and treatment outcomes of sputum smear-positive (SS+) patients based on geographic setting, sex and age categories.
  
  
  
  We undertook a trend analysis over a 4-year period among new TB cases reported in 10 zones using a trend test, a mean comparison t-test and one-way analysis of variance.
  
  
  
  The average CNR per 100 000 population was 128.9: 126.4 in Amhara and 131.4 in Oromia. The CNR in the project-supported zones declined annually by 6.5%, compared with a 14.5% decline in Tigray, the comparator region. TB notification in the intervention zones contributed 26.1% of the national TB case notification, compared to 13.3% before project intervention. The overall male-to-female ratio was 1.2, compared to 0.8 among SS+ children, with a female preponderance. Over 4 years, the cure rate increased from 75% to 88.4%, and treatment success from 89% to 93%. Default, transfer out and mortality rates declined significantly.
  
  
  
  Project-supported zones had lower rates of decline in TB case notification than the comparator region; their contribution to national case finding increased, and treatment outcomes improved significantly. High SS+ rates among girls deserve attention.
authors: Management Sciences for Health, Help Ethiopia Address the Low Performance of Tuberculosis (HEAL TB) Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors: Z G
authors: ZG
authors: Dememew
authors: Management Sciences for Health, Help Ethiopia Address the Low Performance of Tuberculosis (HEAL TB) Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Habte
authors: Management Sciences for Health, Help Ethiopia Address the Low Performance of Tuberculosis (HEAL TB) Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Melese
authors: Oromia Regional Health Bureau, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors: S D
authors: SD
authors: Hamusse
authors: Amhara Regional Health Bureau, Bahirdar, Ethiopia.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Nigussie
authors: Management Sciences for Health, Help Ethiopia Address the Low Performance of Tuberculosis (HEAL TB) Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Hiruy
authors: Management Sciences for Health, Help Ethiopia Address the Low Performance of Tuberculosis (HEAL TB) Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Girma
authors: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Kassie
authors: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors: Y K
authors: YK
authors: Haile
authors: Management Sciences for Health, Help Ethiopia Address the Low Performance of Tuberculosis (HEAL TB) Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Jerene
authors: Management Sciences for Health, Health Programs Group, Arlington, Virginia, USA.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Suarez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018563:Disease Notification; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*