title: F200Y polymorphism of the β-tubulin isotype 1 gene in Haemonchus contortus and sheep flock management practices related to anthelmintic resistance in eastern Amazon.
abstract: The objective of the present study was to determine the frequency of the F200Y polymorphism in the β-tubulin isotype 1 gene of Haemonchus contortus from various sheep flocks in eastern Amazon, and to identify management practices that may favor the emergence of resistance to anthelmintic drugs in the same area. In total, 305 specimens of H. contortus were collected from sheep at 12 farms located in the state of Pará. An allele-specific PCR was performed to detect the F200Y polymorphism, and questionnaires were used to obtain information about the farms and flocks. All genotypes were detected as follows: 31% of the parasites were RR, 37% of the parasites were SR, and 32% were SS. The completed questionnaires revealed that all farms employed semi-intensive farming systems, performed suppressive anthelmintic treatment, and based their choice of drug on cost and availability rather than on any knowledge regarding drugs that remained effective on their property. It can thus be concluded that the SNP in codon 200 of the β-tubulin isotype 1 gene is present in the H. contortus populations from eastern Amazon, and that a series of management practices that favor the emergence of anthelmintic resistance are employed on these farms.
authors: Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rodovia Br 316, Km 62, 68740-000, Castanhal, PA, Brazil.
authors: Alexandre Moura
authors: AM
authors: Chagas
authors: Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rodovia Br 316, Km 62, 68740-000, Castanhal, PA, Brazil.
authors: Francisco Dantas
authors: FD
authors: Sampaio Junior
authors: Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rodovia Br 316, Km 62, 68740-000, Castanhal, PA, Brazil.
authors: Adlilton
authors: A
authors: Pacheco
authors: Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rodovia Br 316, Km 62, 68740-000, Castanhal, PA, Brazil.
authors: Amanda Batista
authors: AB
authors: da Cunha
authors: Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rodovia Br 316, Km 62, 68740-000, Castanhal, PA, Brazil.
authors: Juliana Dos Santos
authors: Jdos S
authors: Cruz
authors: Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rodovia Br 316, Km 62, 68740-000, Castanhal, PA, Brazil.
authors: Alessandra
authors: A
authors: Scofield
authors: Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rodovia Br 316, Km 62, 68740-000, Castanhal, PA, Brazil. Electronic address: ggcavalcante@ufpa.br.
authors: Gustavo
authors: G
authors: Góes-Cavalcante
mesh_terms: D000018:Abomasum / Q000469:parasitology; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D001938:Brazil; D018509:DNA, Helminth / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006188:Haemonchiasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006189:Haemonchus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008297:Male; D060885:Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014404:Tubulin / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D018509:DNA, Helminth; D014404:Tubulin; C031000:benzimidazole
keywords: Amazon; Benzimidazole; Helminth; Nematoda; Resistance