title: 1-year In Vitro Evaluation of Tooth Discoloration Induced by 2 Calcium Silicate-based Cements.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to compare tooth discoloration that occurs in teeth filled with ProRoot MTA (DENTSPLY Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK) or Biodentine (Septodont, Saint Maur des Fossés, France) over the course of 1 year.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight intact premolars were resected 2 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction and the pulp tissues extirpated via the cervical cut. After the preparation of occlusal access to the pulp chamber, specimens were assigned into 4 groups according to a stratified randomization sampling process: group 1, negative control (dry sterile cotton pellet); group 2, positive control (blood-moistened cotton pellet); group 3, ProRoot WMTA (DENTSPLY Tulsa Dental Specialties); and group 4, Biodentine. The experimental materials were condensed into the crowns and the access sealed with glass ionomer restorative cement. Color was assessed at baseline (before placement of the materials), immediately after material filling, after 6 weeks of storage, and after 1 year using the Commission International de I'Eclairage L*a*b* system. Change in color, ΔE, was compared among groups and over time using analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 4 groups showed a significant decrease in L* values over time. Differences between Biodentine and WMTA were detected after 1 year, with the greater variation associated with WMTA (P = .001). The 4 groups presented a significant increase in ΔE from baseline to 1 year. All groups revealed perceptible color changes (ΔE > 2.3) between immediately after material filling and after 6 weeks and after 6 weeks and 1 year. After 1 year, no differences could be detected between Biodentine and WMTA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Delayed tooth discoloration was detected for the 2 materials at the 1-year evaluation, but it was more evident for ProRoot MTA than Biodentine. Luminance was the most affected parameter, with a higher decrease for ProRoot MTA.
authors: Dentistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors: João Carlos
authors: JC
authors: Ramos
authors: Dentistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors: Paulo J
authors: PJ
authors: Palma
authors: Dentistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors: Rita
authors: R
authors: Nascimento
authors: Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors: Francisco
authors: F
authors: Caramelo
authors: Dentistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. Electronic address: ana.messias@uc.pt.
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Messias
authors: Dentistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors: Alexandra
authors: A
authors: Vinagre
authors: Dentistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors: João Miguel
authors: JM
authors: Santos
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000187:drug effects; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D010087:Oxides / Q000009:adverse effects; D017640:Silicates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003738:Dental Cements; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C506393:tricalcium silicate
keywords: Biodentine; calcium silicate–based cements; mineral trioxide aggregate; tooth discoloration