title: Antimicrobial Cu-bearing stainless steel scaffolds.
abstract: Copper-bearing stainless steel scaffolds with two different structures (Body Centered Cubic and Gyroid labyrinth) at two solid fractions (25% and 40%) were fabricated from both 316L powder and a mixture of 316L and elemental Cu powder using selective laser melting, and relative 316L scaffolds were served as control group. After processing, the antimicrobial testing demonstrated that the 316L-Cu scaffolds presented excellent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and the cell viability assay indicated that there was no cytotoxic effect of 316L-Cu scaffolds on rat marrow mesenchymal stem cells. As such, these have the potential to reduce implant-associated infections. The Cu was also found to homogeneously distribute within the microstructure by scanning electronic microcopy. The addition of Cu would not significantly affect its strength and stiffness compared to 316L scaffold, and the stiffness of all the scaffolds (3-20GPa) is similar to that of bone and much less than that of bulk stainless steel. Consequently, fabrication of such low stiffness porous structures, especially coupled with the addition of antimicrobial Cu, may provide a new direction for medical stainless steels.
authors: School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China. Electronic address: mfqwang@163.com.
authors: Qiang
authors: Q
authors: Wang
authors: Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
authors: Ling
authors: L
authors: Ren
authors: School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Australia.
authors: Xiaopeng
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
authors: Shuyuan
authors: S
authors: Zhang
authors: School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Australia. Electronic address: tim.sercombe@uwa.edu.au.
authors: Timothy B
authors: TB
authors: Sercombe
authors: Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. Electronic address: kyang@imr.ac.cn.
authors: Ke
authors: K
authors: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000254:growth & development*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000254:growth & development*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D013193:Stainless Steel; D003300:Copper