title: Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Associated with Executive Control in Late-Middle-Aged Adults: An Event-Related (De) Synchronization (ERD/ERS) Study.
abstract: The present study sought to determine whether cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with cognitive function in late-middle-aged adults from event-related desynchronization (ERD) and event-related synchronization (ERS) perspectives. Late-middle-aged adults were categorized into either the high-fitness group or the low-fitness group based on their estimated cardiorespiratory fitness values. The participants completed the Stroop Test, which is comprised of incongruent and neutral conditions, while the brain activities were recoded. The alpha ERD and ERS values based on the equation proposed by Pfurtscheller (1977) were further calculated. The results revealed that the adults with higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness demonstrated superior Stroop performance, regardless of Stroop congruency. While these high-fitness adults had less positive upper alpha ERD values in the later epoch window compared to their lower-fitness counterparts, they had greater lower alpha ERD values in the early epoch window. Additionally, in the late epoch window, the high-fitness adults showed less positive lower alpha ERD values on neutral, but not incongruent condition, relative to their low-fitness counterparts. These findings suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness of the late-middle-aged adults is positively associated with cognitive functioning, especially the cognitive processes related to the inhibition of task-irrelevant information and those processes required the devotion of greater amounts of attentional resources to a given task.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Heng
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kao-Teng
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tai-Fen
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jen-Hao
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsung-Min
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Kai
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Chang
keywords: ERD; ERS; Stroop Test; executive control; fitness