title: Potential risks of the residue from Samarco's mine dam burst (Bento Rodrigues, Brazil).
abstract: On November 5th, 2015, Samarco's iron mine dam - called Fundão - spilled 50-60 million m3of mud into Gualaxo do Norte, a river that belongs to Rio Doce Basin. Approximately 15 km2were flooded along the rivers Gualaxo do Norte, Carmo and Doce, reaching the Atlantic Ocean on November 22nd, 2015. Six days after, our group collected mud, soil and water samples in Bento Rodrigues (Minas Gerais, Brazil), which was the first impacted area. Overall, the results, water samples - potable and surface water from river - presented chemical elements concentration according to Brazilian environmental legislations, except silver concentration in surface water that ranged from 1.5 to 1087 μg L-1. In addition, water mud-containing presented Fe and Mn concentrations approximately 4-fold higher than the maximum limit for water bodies quality assessment, according to Brazilian laws. Mud particle size ranged from 1 to 200 μm. SEM-EDS spot provided us some semi quantitative data. Leaching/extraction tests suggested that Ba, Pb, As, Sr, Fe, Mn and Al have high potential mobilization from mud to water. Low microbial diversity in mud samples compared to background soil samples. Toxicological bioassays (HepG2 and Allium cepa) indicated potential risks of cytotoxicity and DNA damage in mud and soil samples used in both assays. The present study provides preliminary information aiming to collaborate to the development of future works for monitoring and risk assessment.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, 09210-170, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiana Roberta
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Segura
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, 09210-170, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emilene Arusievicz
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, 09210-170, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Pollo
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Paniz
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina Cavalheiro
authors.initials: ACC
authors.lastname: Paulelli
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriela Braga
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gilberto Úbida Leite
authors.initials: GÚL
authors.lastname: Braga
authors.affiliation: Fundação Jorge Duprat Figueiredo de Segurança e Medicina do Trabalho, Ministério do Trabalho e Previdência Social, 05409-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dos Reis Pedreira Filho
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, 09210-170, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giselle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cerchiaro
authors.affiliation: Agilent Technologies, 06460-040, Barueri, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fábio Ferreira
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, 09210-170, Santo André, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: bruno.lemos@ufabc.edu.br.
authors.forename: Bruno Lemos
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Batista
mesh_terms: D000490:Allium / Q000187:drug effects; D001267:Atlantic Ocean; D001938:Brazil; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000032:analysis; D004249:DNA Damage; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D008906:Mining; D009153:Mutagens / Q000032:analysis; D010316:Particle Size; D012306:Risk; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D055883:Structure Collapse; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D003603:Cytotoxins; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D009153:Mutagens; D012987:Soil; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water
keywords: Cytotoxicity; Genotoxicity; Mariana's disaster; Metals; Single extraction procedures