title: No Association of Lower Hippocampal Volume With Alzheimer's Disease Pathology in Late-Life Depression.
abstract: Hippocampal volume is commonly decreased in late-life depression. According to the depression-as-late-life-neuropsychiatric-disorder model, lower hippocampal volume in late-life depression is associated with neurodegenerative changes. The purpose of this prospective study was to examine whether lower hippocampal volume in late-life depression is associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology.
  
  
  
  Of 108 subjects who participated, complete, good-quality data sets were available for 100: 48 currently depressed older adults and 52 age- and gender-matched healthy comparison subjects who underwent structural MRI, [18F]flutemetamol amyloid positron emission tomography imaging, apolipoprotein E genotyping, and neuropsychological assessment. Hippocampal volumes were defined manually and normalized for total intracranial volume. Amyloid binding was quantified using the standardized uptake value ratio in one cortical composite volume of interest. The authors investigated group differences in hippocampal volume (both including and excluding amyloid-positive participants), group differences in amyloid uptake and in the proportion of positive amyloid scans, and the association between hippocampal volume and cortical amyloid uptake.
  
  
  
  A significant difference was observed in mean normalized total hippocampal volume between patients and comparison subjects, but there were no group differences in cortical amyloid uptake or proportion of amyloid-positive subjects. The difference in hippocampal volume remained significant after the amyloid-positive subjects were excluded. There was no association between hippocampal volume and amyloid uptake in either patients or comparison subjects.
  
  
  
  Lower hippocampal volume was not related to amyloid pathology in this sample of patients with late-life depression. These data counter the common belief that changes in hippocampal volume in late-life depression are due to prodromal Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Old Age Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Belgium; Translational MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, and Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven; Research and Development, Icometrix, Leuven; GE Healthcare, London; University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, and Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation, Kortenberg, Belgium; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven; the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; the Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven.
authors.forename: François-Laurent
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: De Winter
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Old Age Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Belgium; Translational MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, and Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven; Research and Development, Icometrix, Leuven; GE Healthcare, London; University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, and Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation, Kortenberg, Belgium; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven; the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; the Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Emsell
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Old Age Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Belgium; Translational MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, and Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven; Research and Development, Icometrix, Leuven; GE Healthcare, London; University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, and Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation, Kortenberg, Belgium; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven; the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; the Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven.
authors.forename: Filip
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bouckaert
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Old Age Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Belgium; Translational MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, and Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven; Research and Development, Icometrix, Leuven; GE Healthcare, London; University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, and Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation, Kortenberg, Belgium; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven; the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; the Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven.
authors.forename: Lene
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Claes
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Old Age Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Belgium; Translational MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, and Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven; Research and Development, Icometrix, Leuven; GE Healthcare, London; University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, and Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation, Kortenberg, Belgium; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven; the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; the Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven.
authors.forename: Saurabh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Old Age Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Belgium; Translational MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, and Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven; Research and Development, Icometrix, Leuven; GE Healthcare, London; University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, and Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation, Kortenberg, Belgium; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven; the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; the Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven.
authors.forename: Gill
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Farrar
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Old Age Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Belgium; Translational MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, and Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven; Research and Development, Icometrix, Leuven; GE Healthcare, London; University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, and Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation, Kortenberg, Belgium; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven; the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; the Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven.
authors.forename: Thibo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Billiet
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Old Age Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Belgium; Translational MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, and Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven; Research and Development, Icometrix, Leuven; GE Healthcare, London; University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, and Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation, Kortenberg, Belgium; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven; the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; the Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Evers
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Old Age Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Belgium; Translational MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, and Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven; Research and Development, Icometrix, Leuven; GE Healthcare, London; University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, and Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation, Kortenberg, Belgium; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven; the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; the Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van den Stock
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Old Age Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Belgium; Translational MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, and Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven; Research and Development, Icometrix, Leuven; GE Healthcare, London; University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, and Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation, Kortenberg, Belgium; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven; the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; the Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sienaert
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Old Age Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Belgium; Translational MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, and Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven; Research and Development, Icometrix, Leuven; GE Healthcare, London; University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, and Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation, Kortenberg, Belgium; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven; the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; the Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven.
authors.forename: Jasmien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Obbels
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Old Age Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Belgium; Translational MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, and Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven; Research and Development, Icometrix, Leuven; GE Healthcare, London; University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, and Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation, Kortenberg, Belgium; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven; the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; the Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sunaert
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Old Age Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Belgium; Translational MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, and Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven; Research and Development, Icometrix, Leuven; GE Healthcare, London; University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, and Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation, Kortenberg, Belgium; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven; the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; the Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Adamczuk
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Old Age Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Belgium; Translational MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, and Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven; Research and Development, Icometrix, Leuven; GE Healthcare, London; University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, and Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation, Kortenberg, Belgium; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven; the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; the Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven.
authors.forename: Rik
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vandenberghe
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Old Age Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Belgium; Translational MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, and Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven; Research and Development, Icometrix, Leuven; GE Healthcare, London; University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, and Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation, Kortenberg, Belgium; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven; the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; the Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven.
authors.forename: Koen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van Laere
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Old Age Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Belgium; Translational MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, and Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven; Research and Development, Icometrix, Leuven; GE Healthcare, London; University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, and Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation, Kortenberg, Belgium; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven; the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; the Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vandenbulcke
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D000682:Amyloid / Q000378:metabolism; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D001284:Atrophy; D001530:Belgium; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D062706:Prodromal Symptoms; D012016:Reference Values; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D000682:Amyloid; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; C581552:flutemetamol
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Late-life depression; amyloid; brain imaging; geriatric psychiatry; hippocampal volume