title: Leptin, Adiponectin and Cognition in Middle-aged HIV-infected and Uninfected Women. The Brooklyn Women's Interagency HIV Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Case-control study of women with and without HIV infection.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore the association of cognition and the adipokines, leptin and adiponectin (total; high molecular weight, HMW), in women with (HIV+) and without HIV (HIV-) infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analyses of adipokines and cognition using linear regression models of log-transformed adipokines, and Trails A, Trails B, Stroop interference time, Stroop word recall, Stroop color naming and reading, and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) with consideration for age, HIV infection status, education, CD4 count, diabetes, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and race/ethnicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Brooklyn, NY.
  
  
  METHODS
  354 participants (247 HIV+, 107 HIV-), in the Brooklyn Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), average age 38.9 years, with measured levels of leptin and adiponectin (total and high molecular weight, HMW).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cognition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher levels of leptin were positively associated with worse cognition on the basis of Trails A completion time and SDMT score. Among at risk HIV- women, leptin was associated with worse performance on Trails B. No associations were observed for total or HMW adiponectin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blood adipokine levels were measured to provide mechanistic insights regarding the association of adipose with cognitive function. These data suggest that higher levels of leptin, consistent with more adipose tissue, are associated with worse cognitive function in middle age. Monitoring leptin over time and with increasing age in relation to cognition and dementia, may lend insights to the role of adipose tissue in successful body and brain aging among women with HIV infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Deborah R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Gustafson
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Epidemiology, and Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mielke
authors.affiliation: Blood Systems, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Sheila A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Keating
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine/STAR Clinic, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holman
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA.
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minkoff
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Howard A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Crystal
keywords: Adipokine; Adiponectin; Cognition; HIV; Leptin; Obesity; Overweight; Women