title: Antifungal and antibacterial activities of Petroselinum crispum essential oil.
abstract: Parsley [Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss] is regarded as an aromatic, culinary, and medicinal plant and is used in the cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries. However, few studies with conflicting results have been conducted on the antimicrobial activity of parsley essential oil. In addition, there have been no reports of essential oil obtained from parsley aerial parts, except seeds, as an alternative natural antimicrobial agent. Also, microorganism resistance is still a challenge for health and food production. Based on the demand for natural products to control microorganisms, and the re-evaluation of potential medicinal plants for controlling diseases, the objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition and antibacterial and antifungal activities of parsley essential oil against foodborne diseases and opportunistic pathogens. Seven bacteria and eight fungi were tested. The essential oil major compounds were apiol, myristicin, and b-phellandrene. Parsley essential oil had bacteriostatic activity against all tested bacteria, mainly Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica, at similar or lower concentrations than at least one of the controls, and bactericidal activity against all tested bacteria, mainly S. aureus, at similar or lower concentrations than at least one of the controls. This essential oil also had fungistatic activity against all tested fungi, mainly, Penicillium ochrochloron and Trichoderma viride, at lower concentrations than the ketoconazole control and fungicidal activity against all tested fungi at higher concentrations than the controls. Parsley is used in cooking and medicine, and its essential oil is an effective antimicrobial agent.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agricultura, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Linde
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agricultura, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Z C
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Gazim
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agricultura, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agricultura, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Jorge
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tešević
authors.affiliation: Mycological Laboratory, Institute for Biological Research, Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glamoćlija
authors.affiliation: Mycological Laboratory, Institute for Biological Research, Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soković
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agricultura, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, Brasil nbc@unipar.br.
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Colauto
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology; D010407:Penicillium / Q000187:drug effects; D028528:Petroselinum / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000187:drug effects; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010938:Plant Oils