title: Plastic ingestion by Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from the Norwegian coast.
abstract: This study documents the occurrence of microplastic (<5mm), mesoplastics (5-20mm) and macroplastic (>20mm) in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), a common and economically important species of marine fish in Norway. Fish stomachs (n=302) were examined from six different locations along the coast of Norway. Three percent of the individual stomachs contained items identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) as synthetic polymers. Bergen City Harbour was a hotspot with 27% of the cod examined found to contain plastic. Polyester was the most frequently detected polymer. All bar one of the stomachs that contained plastic were full of organic stomach content, suggesting a plastic gut clearance rate similar to the ingested food. It is proposed that stomach fullness is an important metric in order to avoid underestimations when assessing the levels of microplastic ingested by fish.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: iln@niva.no.
authors.forename: Inger Lise N
authors.initials: ILN
authors.lastname: Bråte
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: dei@niva.no.
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Eidsvoll
authors.affiliation: Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo, Huk Aveny 35, 0287 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: c.c.steindal@khm.uio.no.
authors.forename: Calin Constantin
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Steindal
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: kth@niva.no.
authors.forename: Kevin V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004435:Eating; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005399:Fishes; D048389:Gadus morhua; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents / Q000737:chemistry*; D009664:Norway; D010969:Plastics / Q000032:analysis*; D011108:Polymers; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D010969:Plastics; D011108:Polymers; D014873:Water Pollutants
keywords: Fish ingestion; Microplastic; North Sea; Pollution; Polyester