title: Evaluation of Ocular Irritation and Bioavailability of Voriconazole Loaded Microemulsion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Voriconazole (VCZ), a second-generation antifungal with excellent attributes like, broad-spectrum activity, targeted delivery, and tolerability. VCZ loaded microemulsion could be an effective strategy for efficient ocular delivery of the drug.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To perform corneal irritation studies and in vivo delivery of VCZ microemulsion to establish its potential as an efficient ocular delivery system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ocular irritancy was performed by HETCAM (Hen's Egg Test Chorio Allantoic Membrane) assay, corneal histopathology and Draize test. Ex vivo and in vivo studies were performed to determine permeation efficiency of VCZ microemulsion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The irritation studies suggested the non-irritant nature of the microemulsion. The ex vivo studies performed on excised cornea displayed significant enhancement in drug permeation/penetration from microemulsion in contrast to the drug suspension. Further, the in vivo study confirmed the higher availability of VCZ (from microemulsion) in aqueous humor with minimal nasolacrimal drainage (lower plasma drug content) when compared with the drug suspension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The non-irritant nature and high corneal permeation of VCZ encourages the role of microemulsion as a potential ocular delivery system.
authors.affiliation: UIPS, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: UIPS, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
authors.forename: Vivek Ranjan
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Sinha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002645:Chickens; D049033:Chorioallantoic Membrane / Q000187:drug effects*; D003315:Cornea / Q000187:drug effects*; D007509:Irritants / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D065819:Voriconazole / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D007509:Irritants; D065819:Voriconazole
keywords: Bioavailability; HET-CAM; cornea; microemulsion; ocular; voriconazole