title: Effect of Targeting Clusterin Using OGX-011 on Antitumor Activity of Temsirolimus in a Human Renal Cell Carcinoma Model.
abstract: It has not been well documented that the modulation of stress response mediates the efficacy of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor in renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
  
  
  
  The objective of this study was to investigate whether the activity of the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus against RCC could be enhanced by OGX-011, an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) targeting the stress-activated chaperone clusterin.
  
  
  
  We investigated the efficacy of combined treatment with temsirolimus plus OGX-011 in a human RCC Caki-1 model focusing on the effects on apoptotic and autophagic pathways.
  
  
  
  Although clusterin expression was increased by temsirolims, additional treatment of Caki-1 with OGX-011 significantly inhibited clusterin upregulation (p < 0.05). Combined treatment of temsirolimus and OGX-011 synergistically enhanced the sensitivity of Caki-1 to temsirolimus (p < 0.01), reducing the IC50by approximately 50 %. Apoptotic changes were marked in Caki-1 following combined treatment with a sublethal dose of temsirolimus and OGX-011, accompanying the significant downregulation of Mcl-1 (p < 0.05), but not with either agent alone. Furthermore, this combined treatment markedly blocked the temsirolimus-induced activation of autophagy in Caki-1 (p < 0.01). In-vivo systemic administration of temsirolimus plus OGX-011 significantly inhibited the growth of Caki-1 tumors compared with that of temsirolimus plus control ODN (p < 0.05).
  
  
  
  Silencing of clusterin using OGX-011 resulted in the further enhancement of proapoptotic activity as well as the marked attenuation of the autophagic pathway induced by temsirolimus in a human RCC model. Thus, the combined use of OGX-011 could be a promising strategy through the enhanced cytotoxic activity of temsirolimus against RCC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatomo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan. hideakimiyake@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.affiliation: Vancouver Prostate Centre and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gleave
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujisawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D051152:Clusterin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013873:Thionucleotides; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D051152:Clusterin; C503781:OGX-011; D013873:Thionucleotides; C401859:temsirolimus; D020123:Sirolimus