title: Effects of plant stanol or sterol-enriched diets on lipid profiles in patients treated with statins: systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: Efficacy and safety data from trials with suitable endpoints have shown that non-statin medication in combination with a statin is a potential strategy to further reduce cardiovascular events. We aimed to evaluate the overall effect of stanol- or sterol-enriched diets on serum lipid profiles in patients treated with statins by conducting a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We used the PubMed, Cochrane library and ClinicalTrials.gov databases to search for literature published up to December 2015. Trials were included in the analysis if they were RCTs evaluating the effect of plant stanols or sterols in patients under statin therapy that reported corresponding data on serum lipid profiles. We included 15 RCTs involving a total of 500 participants. Stanol- or sterol-enriched diets in combination with statins, compared with statins alone, produced significant reductions in total cholesterol of 0.30 mmol/L (95% CI -0.36 to -0.25) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol of 0.30 mmol/L (95% CI -0.35 to -0.25), but not in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglycerides. These results persisted in the subgroup analysis. Our meta-analysis provides further evidence that stanol- or sterol-enriched diets additionally lower total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels in patients treated with statins beyond that achieved by statins alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shufen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jiaying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Research Centre Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Research Centre Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.|Nestlé Research Centre Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Actis-Goretta
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Research Centre Beijing, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Research Centre Beijing, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Youyou
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Liqiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qin
mesh_terms: D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D008055:Lipids; D010840:Phytosterols; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol