title: Age estimation based on Kvaal's technique using digital panoramic radiographs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Age estimation is important for administrative and ethical reasons and also because of legal consequences. Dental pulp undergoes regression in size with increasing age due to secondary dentin deposition and can be used as a parameter of age estimation even beyond 25 years of age. Kvaal et al. developed a method for chronological age estimation based on the pulp size using periapical dental radiographs. There is a need for testing this method of age estimation in the Indian population using simple tools like digital imaging on living individuals not requiring extraction of teeth.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Estimation of the chronological age of subjects by Kvaal's method using digital panoramic radiographs and also testing the validity of regression equations as given by Kvaal et al.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study sample included a total of 152 subjects in the age group of 14-60 years. Measurements were performed on the standardized digital panoramic radiographs based on Kvaal's method. Different regression formulae were derived and the age was assessed. The assessed age was then correlated to the actual age of the patient using Student's t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference between the mean of the chronological age and the estimated age was observed. However, the values of the mean age estimated by using regression equations as given previously in the study of Kvaal et al. significantly underestimated the chronological age in the present study sample.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the study give an inference for the feasibility of this technique by calculation of regression equations on digital panoramic radiographs. However, it negates the applicability of same regression equations as given by Kvaal et al. on the study population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, ITS Dental College, Greater Noida, India.
authors.forename: Samta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.affiliation: SGT Dental College, Gurgaon, India.
authors.forename: Suma Gundareddy
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Nagendrareddy
authors.affiliation: ITS College of Dental Science and Research, Muradnagar, India.
authors.forename: Manisha Lakhanpal
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: PDM Dental College, Bahadurgarh, India.
authors.forename: Poornapragna
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Agnihotri
authors.affiliation: ESIC Dental College and Hospital, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.affiliation: ITS College of Dental Science and Research, Muradnagar, India.
authors.forename: Manu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dhillon
keywords: Age estimation; Kvaal's method; digital panoramic radiograph; secondary dentin