title: A simplified approach to haemoptysis.
abstract: Haemoptysis is commonly seen in the healthcare setting. It can lead to life-threatening complications and therefore requires careful evaluation of the severity and status of the patient. Common causes of haemoptysis can be broadly grouped into five main categories: infective, neoplastic, vascular, autoimmune and drug-related. Detailed history-taking and careful physical examination are necessary to provide a diagnosis and assess the patient's haemodynamic status. Physicians must have a clear understanding of the criteria for further investigations and the need for a specialist or inpatient referral for management.
authors.affiliation: Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore.|Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Zi Yang Trevor
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.affiliation: Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Hui Zhong
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: Health and Care Integration Division, Changi General Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Choon How
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: How
authors.affiliation: Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Jansen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.affiliation: Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Teck Boon
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Low
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006469:Hemoptysis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D006470:Hemorrhage; D006801:Humans; D008487:Medical History Taking; D008875:Middle Aged; D011320:Primary Health Care; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: aetiology; haemoptysis; primary care; pseudohaemoptysis