title: Dynamic interactions of the cortical networks during thought suppression.
abstract: Thought suppression has spurred extensive research in clinical and preclinical fields, particularly with regard to the paradoxical aspects of this behavior. However, the involvement of the brain's inhibitory system in the dynamics underlying the continuous effort to suppress thoughts has yet to be clarified. This study aims to provide a unified perspective for the volitional suppression of internal events incorporating the current understanding of the brain's inhibitory system.
  
  
  
  Twenty healthy volunteers underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while they performed thought suppression blocks alternating with visual imagery blocks. The whole dataset was decomposed by group-independent component analysis into 30 components. After discarding noise components, the 20 valid components were subjected to further analysis of their temporal properties including task-relatedness and between-component residual correlation.
  
  
  
  Combining a long task period and a data-driven approach, we observed a right-side-dominant, lateral frontoparietal network to be strongly suppression related. This network exhibited increased fluctuation during suppression, which is compatible with the well-known difficulty of suppression maintenance.
  
  
  
  Between-network correlation provided further insight into the coordinated engagement of the executive control and dorsal attention networks, as well as the reciprocal activation of imagery-related components, thus revealing neural substrates associated with the rivalry between intrusive thoughts and the suppression process.
authors.affiliation: Human Brain Research Center Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aso
authors.affiliation: Institute of Economic Research Kyoto University Kyoto Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.affiliation: Human Brain Research Center Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kiyonaka
authors.affiliation: Institute of Economic Research Kyoto University Kyoto Japan.
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: Kyoto University Graduate School of Education Kyoto Japan.
authors.forename: Michiyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inagawa
authors.affiliation: Human Brain Research Center Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan.
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuhashi
authors.affiliation: Elegaphy, Inc. Otsu Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tobinaga
authors.affiliation: Human Brain Research Center Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan.
authors.forename: Hidenao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukuyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination / Q000502:physiology*; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D013850:Thinking / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Executive control network; functional MRI; independent component analysis; inhibitory function; visual imagery