title: Rotavirus activates dendritic cells derived from umbilical cord blood monocytes.
abstract: Rotavirus is the most common cause of acute infectious diarrhea in human neonates and infants. However, the studies aimed at dissecting the anti-virus immune response have been mainly performed in adults. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in innate and acquired immune responses. Therefore, it is very important to determine the response of neonatal and infant DCs to rotavirus and to compare it to the response of adult DCs. Thus, we determined the response of monocyte-derived DCs from umbilical cord blood (UCB) and adult peripheral blood (PB) to rotavirus in vitro. It was found that the rotavirus and its genome, composed of segmented doubled stranded RNA (dsRNA), induced the activation of neonatal DCs, as these cells up-regulated the levels of CD40, CD86, MHC II, TLR-3 and TLR-4, the production of cytokines IL-6, IL-12/23p40, IL-10, TGF-β (but not of IL-12p70), and the message for TNF-α and IFN-β. This activation enabled the neonatal DCs to induce a strong proliferation of allogeneic CD4+T cells and the production of IFN-γ. Moreover, neonatal DCs could be infected by rotavirus and sustain its replication. Neonatal DCs had a similar response as adult DCs towards rotavirus and its genome. However, adult DCs had a biased pro-inflammatory response compared to neonatal DCs, which showed a biased regulatory profile, as they produced higher levels of IL-10 and TGF-β, and were less efficient in inducing a Th1 type response. So it can be concluded that rotavirus and its genome can induce the activation of neonatal DCs in spite of their tolerogenic bias.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Inmunología Viral, Facultad de Medicina, UAEM, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, Mexico, D.F, Mexico.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rosales-Martinez
authors.affiliation: CISEI-INSP, SSA, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gutierrez-Xicotencatl
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Inmunología Viral, Facultad de Medicina, UAEM, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; Centro de Investigaciones en Dinamica Celular, UAEM, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Badillo-Godinez
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Inmunología Viral, Facultad de Medicina, UAEM, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lopez-Guerrero
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones en Dinamica Celular, UAEM, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santana-Calderon
authors.affiliation: HGR 1 del IMSS, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cortez-Gomez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones en Dinamica Celular, UAEM, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ramirez-Pliego
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Inmunología Viral, Facultad de Medicina, UAEM, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Electronic address: fernando.esquivel@uaem.mx.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Esquivel-Guadarrama
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000032:analysis; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic
keywords: Dendritic cells (DCs); Doubled stranded (dsRNA); Peripheral blood (PB); Umbilical cord blood (UCB)