title: Deposition of diazepam and its metabolites in hair following a single dose of diazepam.
abstract: Only sporadic data are available on hair concentrations of diazepam and some of its metabolites (nordazepam, oxazepam, and temazepam) following a single controlled dose. The aim of this study was to investigate the deposition of diazepam and its metabolites in human hair after eight healthy volunteers (four women and four men, ages 24-26, East Asian) consumed 10 mg of diazepam. Hair was collected from all volunteers 1 month after exposure, and also 2 months post-exposure from men and 10 months post-exposure from women. Diazepam and the complete metabolite profile, including oxazepam glucuronide and temazepam glucuronide, were measured by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) with limits of quantifications (LOQs) of 0.5-2.5 pg/mg for diazepam, nordazepam, oxazepam, and temazepam, and of 10 pg/mg for oxazepam glucuronide and temazepam glucuronide. There were no differences by gender in the amounts of diazepam or metabolites found. The concentration of the main metabolite nordazepam was consistently higher than that of diazepam at both 1 and 2 months after consumption. Oxazepam and temazepam traces were found in some volunteers' hair, but the glucuronides were not detected. Diazepam and nordazepam levels at 10 months post-exposure were extremely low (near the LOQ), indicating drug loss by personal hygiene and physical handling. To our knowledge, this is the first single-dose diazepam study using black hair and the first study to include measurements of oxazepam glucuronide and temazepam glucuronide in human hair.
authors.affiliation: Section of Forensic Chemistry, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's Vej 11, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. xinwangyao@163.com.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Section of Forensic Chemistry, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's Vej 11, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Sys Stybe
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science, 803 Zhong Shan Bei Yi Road, Shanghai, 200083, People's Republic of China. yr_zhang@126.com.
authors.forename: Yurong
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7674-7010
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jingying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yulan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science, 803 Zhong Shan Bei Yi Road, Shanghai, 200083, People's Republic of China.|Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fengli
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Section of Forensic Chemistry, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's Vej 11, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Linnet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003975:Diazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D003708:Nordazepam / Q000032:analysis; D010076:Oxazepam / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D013693:Temazepam / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; C026256:oxazepam glucuronide; C072757:temazepam glucuronide; D003708:Nordazepam; D010076:Oxazepam; D013693:Temazepam; D003975:Diazepam
keywords: Diazepam; Glucuronides; Hair; Metabolites; Single dose; UHPLC-MS/MS