title: Nutraceutical Improvement Increases the Protective Activity of Broccoli Sprout Juice in a Human Intestinal Cell Model of Gut Inflammation.
abstract: Benefits to health from a high consumption of fruits and vegetables are well established and have been attributed to bioactive secondary metabolites present in edible plants. However, the effects of specific health-related phytochemicals within a complex food matrix are difficult to assess. In an attempt to address this problem, we have used elicitation to improve the nutraceutical content of seedlings of Brassica oleracea grown under controlled conditions. Analysis, by LC-MS, of the glucosinolate, isothiocyanate and phenolic compound content of juices obtained from sprouts indicated that elicitation induces an enrichment of several phenolics, particularly of the anthocyanin fraction. To test the biological activity of basal and enriched juices we took advantage of a recently developed in vitro model of inflamed human intestinal epithelium. Both sprouts' juices protected intestinal barrier integrity in Caco-2 cells exposed to tumor necrosis factor α under marginal zinc deprivation, with the enriched juice showing higher protection. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that the extent of rescue from stress-induced epithelial dysfunction correlated with the composition in bioactive molecules of the juices and, in particular, with a group of phenolic compounds, including several anthocyanins, quercetin-3-Glc, cryptochlorogenic, neochlorogenic and cinnamic acids.
authors.affiliation: Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy. simonetta.ferruzza@crea.gov.it.
authors.forename: Simonetta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferruzza
authors.affiliation: Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy. fausta.natella@crea.gov.it.
authors.forename: Fausta
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Natella
authors.affiliation: Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy. giulia.ranaldi@crea.gov.it.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ranaldi
authors.affiliation: Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy. chiara.murgia@monash.edu.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Murgia
authors.affiliation: Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy. carlottarossi22@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Carlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy. kajo@wajdusna.net.
authors.forename: Kajetan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Trošt
authors.affiliation: Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy. fulvio.mattivi@fmach.it.
authors.forename: Fulvio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mattivi
authors.affiliation: Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy. mirella.nardini@crea.gov.it.
authors.forename: Mirella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nardini
authors.affiliation: Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy. mtmaldini@uniss.it.
authors.forename: Mariateresa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maldini
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy. annamaria.giusti@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Giusti
authors.affiliation: Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy. elisabetta.moneta@crea.gov.it.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moneta
authors.affiliation: Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy. cristina.scaccini@crea.gov.it.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scaccini
authors.affiliation: Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy. yula.sambuy@crea.gov.it.
authors.forename: Yula
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sambuy
authors.affiliation: Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy. giorgio.morelli@crea.gov.it.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morelli
authors.affiliation: Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy. simona.baima@crea.gov.it.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baima
keywords: Caco-2; anthocyanins; bioactive molecules; broccoli sprouts; functional food; inflammatory response; intestinal permeability; phenolic compounds; sulforafane