title: Choroidal Infiltration by Retinoblastoma: Predictive Clinical Features and Outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the clinical features predictive of choroidal infiltration by retinoblastoma on histopathology and to report the outcome in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 403 patients who underwent primary enucleation for retinoblastoma, 113 patients had choroidal tumor infiltration and 290 patients had no choroidal tumor infiltration. There was a higher incidence of metastasis and related death in the choroidal tumor infiltration group compared to the no choroidal tumor infiltration group (4% vs 1%; P = .02). On multivariate analysis, the clinical features predictive of histopathologic massive choroidal infiltration included prolonged duration of symptoms for more than 6 months (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.04; P = .001) and secondary glaucoma (HR = 2.24; P = .005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, the patients with retinoblastoma with prolonged duration of symptoms (> 6 months) had a three-fold greater risk and those with secondary glaucoma at presentation had a two-fold greater risk of massive choroidal tumor infiltration. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2016;53(6):349-356.].
authors.forename: Swathi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaliki
authors.forename: Prerana
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tahiliani
authors.forename: Sadiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iram
authors.forename: Mohammed Hasnat
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Dilip K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Vijay Anand P
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Reddy
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002830:Choroid Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography