title: Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in postmenopausal women and relationship with pain and HRT.
abstract: The prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is higher in females, reaching their high peak during reproductive years, probably because of the action of some female hormones, which alter pain threshold. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of TMD in postmenopausal women and its relationship with pain and hormone replacement therapy (HRT). In total, 284 patients were evaluated and classified using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Pain was measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and patients were also asked about the use of HRT. All data was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square test. In total, 155 subjects did not have TMD and 129 had TMD; TMD group patients were classified according to RDC/TMD axis I classification as follows: muscle disorder group (1.6%), disk displacement group (72.87%), and arthralgia, osteoarthritis, and osteoarthrosis group (37.98%). Pain was registered in 35 patients who belonged to the TMD group, while 48 patients reported the use of HRT. There was a similar percentage of TMD and non TMD patients; moreover, the use of exogenous hormones was no associated with TMD, suggesting that there is no influence on the pain threshold.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Prosthesis and Periodontology, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Victor Ricardo Manuel Muñoz
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Lora
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Prosthesis and Periodontology, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giancarlo De la Torre
authors.initials: Gde L
authors.lastname: Canales
authors.affiliation: CEUMA University, Department of Prosthodontics, São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leticia Machado
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: McGill University, The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Carolina Beraldo
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Meloto
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Prosthesis and Periodontology, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Celia Marisa Rizzatti
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Barbosa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*