title: In vitro Activities of Pfaffia glomerata Root Extract, Its Hydrolyzed Fractions and Pfaffic Acid Against Trypanosoma cruzi Trypomastigotes.
abstract: This article reports on the in vitro activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Pfaffia glomerata roots, its hydrolyzed fractions, and pfaffic acid against Trypanosoma cruzi. The hydroalcoholic extract obtained from dried, milled P. glomerata roots was submitted to acid hydrolysis followed by partition with CHCl3. The concentrated CHCl3fraction was suspended in MeOH/H2O and partitioned with hexane (F1), CHCl3(F2), and AcOEt (F3), in this sequence. The trypanocidal activity of the hydrolyzed extract and its fractions was evaluated in vitro. The hydroalcoholic extract displayed low activity, but fraction F1 was active against trypomastigotes of the Y strain of T. cruzi, with IC50= 47.89 μg/ml. The steroids campesterol (7.7%), stigmasterol (18.7%), β-sitosterol (16.8%), Δ7-stigmastenol (4.6%), and Δ7-spinasterol (7.5%) were the major constituents of F1, along with fatty acid esters (7.6%) and eight aliphatic hydrocarbons (30.1%). Fractions F2 and F3 exhibited moderate activity, and pfaffic acid, one of the main chemical constituents of these fractions, displayed IC50= 44.78 μm (21.06 μg/ml). On the other hand, the hydroalcoholic extract of P. glomerata roots, which is rich in pfaffosides, was inactive. Therefore, the main aglycone of pfaffosides, pfaffic acid, is much more active against trypomastigotes of the Y strain of T. cruzi than its corresponding glycosides and should be further investigated.
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Sales de Oliveira, 201 - Parque Universitário, Franca, SP CEP 14404-600, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcio L A E
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Sales de Oliveira, 201 - Parque Universitário, Franca, SP CEP 14404-600, Brazil.|School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Sales de Oliveira, 201 - Parque Universitário, Franca, SP CEP 14404-600, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniele S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Sales de Oliveira, 201 - Parque Universitário, Franca, SP CEP 14404-600, Brazil.
authors.forename: Viviane R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Esperandim
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Sales de Oliveira, 201 - Parque Universitário, Franca, SP CEP 14404-600, Brazil.
authors.forename: Guilherme V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Símaro
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Sales de Oliveira, 201 - Parque Universitário, Franca, SP CEP 14404-600, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thaís C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Sales de Oliveira, 201 - Parque Universitário, Franca, SP CEP 14404-600, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Januário
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Sales de Oliveira, 201 - Parque Universitário, Franca, SP CEP 14404-600, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Pauletti
authors.affiliation: Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas Biológicas e Agrícolas-CPQBA/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vera L G
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Rehder
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Crevelin
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Sales de Oliveira, 201 - Parque Universitário, Franca, SP CEP 14404-600, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wilson R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antônio E M
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Crotti
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jairo K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Bastos
mesh_terms: D027703:Amaranthaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D006868:Hydrolysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D014315:Triterpenes; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents; C000613691:pfaffic acid
keywords: Amaranthaceae; Chagas’ disease; Pfaffia glomerata; Pfaffic acid; Steroids; Trypanosoma cruzi