title: Multiple Circulating Cytokines Are Coelevated in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
abstract: Inflammatory biomarkers, including cytokines, are associated with COPD, but the association of particular circulating cytokines with systemic pathology remains equivocal. To investigate this, we developed a protein microarray system to detect multiple cytokines in small volumes of serum. Fourteen cytokines were measured in serum from never-smokers, ex-smokers, current smokers, and COPD patients (GOLD stages 1-3). Certain individual circulating cytokines (particularly TNFα and IL-1β) were significantly elevated in concentration in the serum of particular COPD patients (and some current/ex-smokers without COPD) and may serve as markers of particularly significant systemic inflammation. However, numerous circulating cytokines were raised such that their combined, but not individual, elevation was significantly associated with severity of disease, and these may be further indicators of, and contributors to, the systemic inflammatory manifestations of COPD. The coelevation of numerous circulating cytokines in COPD is consistent with the insidious development, chronic nature, and systemic comorbidities of the disease.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
authors.forename: Senthooran
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5088-4727
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Selvarajah
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8326-093X
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Tighe
authors.affiliation: Nottingham Respiratory Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: John
authors.affiliation: Nottingham Respiratory Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK.
authors.forename: Charlotte E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Bolton
authors.affiliation: Nottingham Respiratory Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
authors.forename: Lucy C
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4581-9741
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Fairclough
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D015897:Comorbidity; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000097:blood*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines