title: The relationship of depersonalization and absorption to hallucinations in psychotic and non-clinical participants.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between dissociative variables and hallucinations, or predisposition to hallucinations, respectively, in patients with psychoses and non-clinical participants, controlling for any possible effect of emotional variables and age. Three groups were formed for this purpose: patients diagnosed with schizophrenia with auditory hallucinations at the time of study, healthy participants prone to hallucinations, and healthy participants not prone to hallucinations. The final sample was 318 participants with a mean age of 21.41 years (SD: 5.78) and a male-to-female ratio of 67:251. All participants were given the Tellegen Absorption Scale, the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale and the Metacognitions Questionnaire. The results showed that patients with psychosis had higher levels of depersonalization than participants prone and not prone to hallucinations. Prone participants showed higher levels of absorption than patients with psychosis and healthy participants with no proneness to hallucinations. Finally, a multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that depersonalization increased the probability of belonging to the group of patients with psychosis and auditory hallucinations, and absorption in the group prone to hallucinations. The conclusions discuss the importance of dissociative variables in understanding the etiology of hallucinations and consider the possibility that different psychological processes may occur in healthy participants prone to hallucinations and in hallucinations in persons with psychoses.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine, Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Spain; University of Seville Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment Department, Spain. Electronic address: sperona@us.es.
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perona-Garcelán
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine, Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bellido-Zanin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine, Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Spain; University of Seville Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment Department, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Francisco
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Testal
authors.affiliation: University of Seville Department of Experimental Psychology, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana Ma
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: López-Jiménez
authors.affiliation: University of Almería Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment Department, Spain.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: García-Montes
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine, Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Veguilla
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003861:Depersonalization / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult