title: Salivary Concentrations of Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-17A, and IL-23 Vary in Relation to Periodontal Status.
abstract: Interleukin (IL)-23-induced T helper (Th) 17 pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. This study's aim is to determine levels of IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-23, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in saliva, and to examine whether their salivary concentrations are associated with periodontal health status.
  
  
  
  Saliva samples originated from 220 participants; 76 had generalized periodontitis (GP) and 65 had localized periodontitis (LP), whereas 79 without periodontitis were used as controls. Cytokine analyses were performed by a flow cytometry-based technique and LPS analyses from pellet by commercially optimized assay coupled with chromogenic substrate.
  
  
  
  Salivary concentrations of IL-17A and IL-23 were elevated significantly in patients with LP compared with controls and patients with GP. Salivary IL-1β concentrations were significantly higher in patients with GP than in patients with LP, whereas no difference was found between LP and control groups. Significant correlation was found between concentrations of IL-17A and IL-23 or IL-1β. LPS concentrations did not have significant associations with any of the tested ILs.
  
  
  
  Elevated salivary IL-1β concentrations are related to GP, whereas distinct elevation and reduction profiles of IL-17A and IL-23 are detected in saliva of patients with LP and GP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Joonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liukkonen
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Ulvi K
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Gürsoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Pirkko J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Pussinen
authors.affiliation: Unit of Living Conditions, Health and Wellbeing, and Department of Environmental Health in Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.|Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.|Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Anna L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Suominen
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.|Oral Health Care, Welfare Division, City of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Eija
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Könönen
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D053759:Interleukin-23 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007378:Interleukins; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C508717:IL17A protein, human; D020381:Interleukin-17; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D053759:Interleukin-23; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007378:Interleukins
keywords: Biomarkers; cytokines; interleukins; lipopolysaccharides; periodontal diseases; saliva