title: Barriers to becoming a female surgeon and the influence of female surgical role models.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aim to investigate the reasons that medical students and junior doctors who are women are less likely to pursue a career in surgery compared with their male counterparts.
  
  
  METHODS
  An anonymous questionnaire was distributed to female final year medical students and female junior doctors in two UK hospitals between August and September 2012. Topics included career choice, attitudes to surgery, recognition of female surgical role models and perceived sexual discrimination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  50 medical students and 50 junior doctors were given our survey. We received a 96% response rate; 46 medical students and 50 junior doctors. 6/50 (12%) junior doctors planned a career in surgery compared with 14/46 (30%) medical students. 'Work-life balance' was the main reason cited for not wishing to pursue surgery (29/46 (63%) medical students and 25/50 (50%) junior doctors). 28/46 (61%) medical students and 28/50 (56%) junior doctors had encountered a female surgical role model; only five students and two junior doctors felt that these were influential in their career decision. Of those who had not, approximately 40% in each group felt that if they had, they may have considered surgery. Approximately 30% in each group had encountered female surgeons that had dissuaded them from a surgical career.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Work-life balance is still cited by female junior doctors as being the main deterrent to a surgical career. The paucity of female role models and some perceived sexual discrimination may cause female doctors to discount surgery as a career.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Hui-Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic, Cheltenham General Hospital, Cheltenham, UK.
authors.forename: Lesley Ann
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6256-7203
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, UK.
authors.forename: Jennifer Ellen
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Cade
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002321:Career Choice; D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital; D000071252:Mentoring; D008611:Mentors; D010822:Physicians, Women; D024382:Professional Role; D063507:Sexism; D013337:Students, Medical; D066231:Surgeons; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom; D000072358:Work-Life Balance
keywords: MEDICAL EDUCATION & TRAINING; SURGERY