title: Simple Sequence Repeat and S-locus Genotyping to Explore Genetic Variability in Polyploid Prunus spinosa and P. insititia.
abstract: Polyploid Prunus spinosa (2n = 4×) and P. insititia (2n = 6×) represent enormous genetic potential in Central Europe, which can be exploited in breeding programmes. In Hungary, 17 cultivar candidates were selected from wild-growing populations including 10 P. spinosa, 4 P. insititia and three P. spinosa × P. domestica hybrids (2n = 5×). Their taxonomic classification was based on their phenotypic characteristics. Six simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and the multiallelic S-locus genotyping were used to characterize genetic variability and reliable identification of the tested accessions. A total of 98 SSR alleles were identified, which presents 19.5 average allele number per locus, and each of the 17 genotypes could be discriminated based on unique SSR fingerprints. A total of 23 S-RNase alleles were identified. The complete and partial S-genotype was determined for 8 and 9 accessions, respectively. The identification of a cross-incompatible pair of cultivar candidates and several semi-compatible combinations help maximize fruit set in commercial orchards. Our results indicate that the S-allele pools of wild-growing P. spinosa and P. insititia are overlapping in Hungary. A phylogenetic and principal component analysis confirmed the high level of diversity and genetic differentiation present within the analysed genotypes and helped clarify doubtful taxonomic identities. Our data confirm that S-locus genotyping is suitable for diversity studies in polyploid Prunus species. The analysed accessions represent huge genetic potential that can be exploited in commercial cultivation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Szent István University, Ménesi út 44., Budapest, 1118, Hungary. genetics.prunus@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Júlia
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4141-6024
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Halász
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Szent István University, Ménesi út 44., Budapest, 1118, Hungary.
authors.forename: Noémi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Makovics-Zsohár
authors.affiliation: , Petőfi u. 17., Lövőpetri, 4633, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ferenc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Szőke
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sezai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ercisli
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Szent István University, Ménesi út 44., Budapest, 1118, Hungary.
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hegedűs
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011123:Polyploidy; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D027861:Prunus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*
keywords: Polyploid; Prunus insititia; Prunus spinosa; S-genotype; SSR