title: The 10 Hz Frequency: A Fulcrum For Transitional Brain States.
abstract: A 10 Hz rhythm is present in the occipital cortex when the eyes are closed (alpha waves), in the precentral cortex at rest (murhythm), in the superior and middle temporal lobe (taurhythm), in the inferior olive (projection to cerebellar cortex), and in physiological tremor (underlying all voluntary movement). These are all considered resting rhythms in the waking brain which are "replaced" by higher frequency activity with sensorimotor stimulation. That is, the 10 Hz frequency fulcrum is replaced on the one hand by lower frequencies during sleep, or on the other hand by higher frequencies during volition and cognition. The 10 Hz frequency fulcrum is proposed as the natural frequency of the brain during quiet waking, but is replaced by higher frequencies capable of permitting more complex functions, or by lower frequencies during sleep and inactivity. At the center of the transition shifts to and from the resting rhythm is the reticular activating system, a phylogenetically preserved area of the brain essential for preconscious awareness.
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, US.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garcia-Rill
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, US.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: D'Onofrio
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, US.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Luster
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, US.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahaffey
authors.affiliation: IFIBYNE-CONICET, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Urbano
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, US; Department of Physical Therapy, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 72401.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Phillips
keywords: Alpha rhythm; mu rhythm; physiological tremor; readiness potential; reticular activating system; tau rhythm