title: Serial Millisecond Crystallography of Membrane Proteins.
abstract: Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) is a powerful method to determine high-resolution structures of pharmaceutically relevant membrane proteins. Recently, the technology has been adapted to carry out serial millisecond crystallography (SMX) at synchrotron sources, where beamtime is more abundant. In an injector-based approach, crystals grown in lipidic cubic phase (LCP) or embedded in viscous medium are delivered directly into the unattenuated beam of a microfocus beamline. Pilot experiments show the application of microjet-based SMX for solving the structure of a membrane protein and compatibility of the method with de novo phasing. Planned synchrotron upgrades, faster detectors and software developments will go hand-in-hand with developments at free-electron lasers to provide a powerful methodology for solving structures from microcrystals at room temperature, ligand screening or crystal optimization for time-resolved studies with minimal or no radiation damage.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jaeger
authors.affiliation: Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dworkowski
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Przemyslaw
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nogly
authors.affiliation: Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Milne
authors.affiliation: Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Meitian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland. joerg.standfuss@psi.ch.
authors.forename: Joerg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Standfuss
mesh_terms: D003460:Crystallization; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004583:Electrons; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D017356:Synchrotrons; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D008565:Membrane Proteins
keywords: High viscosity injector; LCP injector; Membrane proteins; Serial crystallography; Synchrotron