title: Can Neuroimaging Provide Reliable Biomarkers for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder? A Narrative Review.
abstract: In this integrative review, we discuss findings supporting the use neuroimaging biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). To do so, we have selected the most recent studies that attempted to identify the underlying pathogenic process associated with OCD and whether they provide useful information to predict clinical features, natural history or treatment responses. Studies using functional magnetic resonance (fMRI), voxel-based morphometry (VBM), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) in OCD patients are generally supportive of an expanded version of the earlier cortico-striatal-thalamus-cortical (CSTC) model of OCD. Although it is still unclear whether this information will be incorporated into the daily clinical practice (due to current conceptual approaches to mental illness), statistical techniques, such as pattern recognition methods, appear promising in identifying OCD patients and predicting their outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Obsessive, Compulsive, and Anxiety Spectrum Research Program, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ilana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Frydman
authors.affiliation: Obsessive, Compulsive, and Anxiety Spectrum Research Program, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: de Salles Andrade
authors.affiliation: Obsessive, Compulsive, and Anxiety Spectrum Research Program, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vigne
authors.affiliation: Obsessive, Compulsive, and Anxiety Spectrum Research Program, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. lfontenelle@gmail.com.|D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. lfontenelle@gmail.com.|Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. lfontenelle@gmail.com.|, Rua Visconde de Pirajá, 547, 617, Ipanema, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22410-003, Brazil. lfontenelle@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Leonardo F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Fontenelle
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods*; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Biomarkers; Diffusion tensor imaging; Functional magnetic resonance; Obsessive-compulsive disorder; Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Voxel-based morphometry