title: Speckle tracking as a method to measure hemidiaphragm excursion.
abstract: Diaphragm excursion measured via ultrasound may be an important imaging outcome measure of respiratory function. We developed a new method for measuring diaphragm movement and compared it to the more traditional M-mode method.
  
  
  
  Ultrasound images of the right and left hemidiaphragms were collected to compare speckle tracking and M-mode measurements of diaphragm excursion. Speckle tracking was performed using EchoInsight (Epsilon Imaging, Ann Arbor, Michigan).
  
  
  
  Six healthy subjects without a history of pulmonary diseases were included in this proof-of-concept study. Speckle tracking of the diaphragm is technically possible. Unlike M-mode, speckle tracking carries the advantage of reliable visualization and measurement of the left hemidiaphragm.
  
  
  
  Speckle tracking accounted for diaphragm movement simultaneously in the cephalocaudad and mediolateral directions, unlike M-mode, which is 1-dimensional. Diaphragm speckle tracking may represent a novel, more robust method for measuring diaphragm excursion, especially for the left hemidiaphragm. Muscle Nerve 55: 125-127, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Goutman
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Blake
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Swihart
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.|Ann Arbor Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Bradley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Foerster
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.|A. Alfred Taubman Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Eva L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rubin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: M-mode; diaphragm excursion; diaphragm ultrasound; imaging biomarker; respiratory imaging biomarker; speckle tracking