title: Verbal Memory Decline following DBS for Parkinson's Disease: Structural Volumetric MRI Relationships.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parkinson's disease is a chronic degenerative movement disorder. The mainstay of treatment is medical. In certain patients Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) may be offered. However, DBS has been associated with post-operative neuropsychology changes, especially in verbal memory.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Firstly, to determine if pre-surgical thalamic and hippocampal volumes were related to verbal memory changes following DBS. Secondly, to determine if clinical factors such as age, duration of symptoms or motor severity (UPDRS Part III score) were related to verbal memory changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive group of 40 patients undergoing bilateral Subthalamic Nucleus (STN)-DBS for PD were selected. Brain MRI data was acquired, pre-processed and structural volumetric data was extracted using FSL. Verbal memory test scores for pre- and post-STN-DBS surgery were recorded. Linear regression was used to investigate the relationship between score change and structural volumetric data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant relationship was demonstrated between change in List Learning test score and thalamic (left, p = 0.02) and hippocampal (left, p = 0.02 and right p = 0.03) volumes. Duration of symptoms was also associated with List Learning score change (p = 0.02 to 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Verbal memory score changes appear to have a relationship to pre-surgical MRI structural volumetric data. The findings of this study provide a basis for further research into the use of pre-surgical MRI to counsel PD patients regarding post-surgical verbal memory changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom.|Department of Neurosurgery, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ruben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Geevarghese
authors.affiliation: Complex Motor Disorders Service, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Lumsden
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Costello
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Natasha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hulse
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Salma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ayis
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samuel
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom.|Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Keyoumars
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ashkan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009929:Organ Size; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D020530:Subthalamus / Q000473:pathology