title: Gene editing for cell engineering: trends and applications.
abstract: Gene editing with all its own advantages in molecular biology applications has made easy manipulation of various production hosts with the discovery and implementation of modern gene editing tools such as Crispr (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats), TALENs (Transcription activator-like effector nucleases) and ZFNs (Zinc finger nucleases). With the advent of these modern tools, it is now possible to manipulate the genome of industrial production hosts such as yeast and mammalian cells which allows developing a potential and cost effective recombinant therapeutic protein. These tools also allow single editing to multiple genes for knocking-in or knocking-out of a host genome quickly in an efficient manner. A recent study on "multiplexed" gene editing revolutionized the knock-out and knock-in events of yeast and CHO, mammalian cells genome for metabolic engineering as well as high, stable, and consistent expression of a transgene encoding complex therapeutic protein such as monoclonal antibody. The gene of interest can either be integrated or deleted at single or multiple loci depending on the strategy and production requirement. This review will give a gist of all the modern tools with a brief description and advances in genetic manipulation using three major tools being implemented for the modification of such hosts with the emphasis on the use of Crispr-Cas9 for the "multiplexing gene-editing approach" for genetic manipulation of yeast and CHO mammalian hosts that ultimately leads to a fast track product development with consistent, improved product yield, quality, and thus affordability for a population at large.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology, Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory , Maharshi Dayanand University , Rohtak , Haryana , India.|b Advanced Biotech Lab (Centre for Research & Development), Ipca Laboratories Ltd , Kandivli, Mumbai , Maharashtra , India.
authors.forename: Sanjeev K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology, Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory , Maharshi Dayanand University , Rohtak , Haryana , India.
authors.forename: Pratyoosh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shukla
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064113:CRISPR-Cas Systems; D060846:Cell Engineering; D064112:Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats; D000072669:Gene Editing; D005818:Genetic Engineering
keywords: CHO cell; Crispr-Cas9; Genome editing; TALENs; ZFNs; multiplexed gene editing; yeast