title: Proteomic analysis reveals dynamic regulation of fruit development and sugar and acid accumulation in apple.
abstract: Understanding the fruit developmental process is critical for fruit quality improvement. Here, we report a comprehensive proteomic analysis of apple fruit development over five growth stages, from young fruit to maturity, coupled with metabolomic profiling. A tandem mass tag (TMT)-based comparative proteomics approach led to the identification and quantification of 7098 and 6247 proteins, respectively. This large-scale proteomic dataset presents a global view of the critical pathways involved in fruit development and metabolism. When linked with metabolomics data, these results provide new insights into the modulation of fruit development, the metabolism and storage of sugars and organic acids (mainly malate), and events within the energy-related pathways for respiration and glycolysis. We suggest that the key steps identified here (e.g. those involving the FK2, TST, EDR6, SPS, mtME and mtMDH switches), can be further targeted to confirm their roles in accumulation and balance of fructose, sucrose and malate. Moreover, our findings imply that the primary reason for decreases in amino acid concentrations during fruit development is related to a reduction in substrate flux via glycolysis, which is mainly regulated by fructose-bisphosphate aldolase and bisphosphoglycerate mutase.
authors.affiliation: State Key of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas/College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China Section of Horticulture, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA limingjun@nwsuaf.edu.cn LC89@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Mingjun
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5508-895X
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas/College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Dongxia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas/College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China Section of Horticulture, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Fengjuan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas/College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Fengwang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Section of Horticulture, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA limingjun@nwsuaf.edu.cn LC89@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Lailiang
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1759-9761
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D005638:Fruit / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D008293:Malates / Q000378:metabolism; D027845:Malus / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D008293:Malates; D010940:Plant Proteins; C030298:malic acid
keywords: Amino acid; apple; fruit development; functional annotation; organic acid; sugar; tandem mass tag.