title: Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase Induces DNA Demethylation of Pluripotency Genes in Bovine Differentiated Cells.
abstract: Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is the only enzyme that has been suggested as a putative DNA demethylase in mammals. However, very little is known about AID function as DNA demethylase of bovine differentiated cells toward pluripotent state. To investigate the effect of AID on DNA demethylation, bovine AID complementary DNAs were transfected into bovine differentiated cells, which were mostly methylated in the promoter regions of pluripotency genes. As a result, AID-transfected bovine cells started to transform into colonies at day 19 of transfection. The colonies derived from the transfected cells showed positive alkaline phosphatase (AP) staining and expression of pluripotency genes (OCT-3/4, NANOG, SOX2) and pluripotency-related antigens (SSEA-4, TRA1-60, TRA1-81), which have been widely used to characterize human embryonic stem cells. In particular, the levels of OCT-3/4 and NANOG expression were significantly increased in the AID-transfected cells when compared with the control and empty vector-transfected cells (p < 0.05). Finally, DNA demethylation in the promoter regions of pluripotency genes (OCT-3/4, NANOG) was significantly increased compared with the control (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate that the induction of the AID gene into bovine differentiated cells improves DNA demethylation and expression of pluripotency genes.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Song-Yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Eun
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, Republic of Korea.|2 Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Suk
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 3 Animal Genetic Resources Station, National Institute of Animal Science , Rural Development Administration, Namwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 3 Animal Genetic Resources Station, National Institute of Animal Science , Rural Development Administration, Namwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hwan-Hoo
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Seong
authors.affiliation: 4 Division of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University , Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: In-Chul
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, Republic of Korea.|2 Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joon-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D000098830:AICDA (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase)
chemical_list: D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; D000098830:AICDA (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase); D003564:Cytidine Deaminase