title: Stem cell therapy as a novel therapeutic intervention for resistant cases of alopecia areata and androgenetic alopecia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Management of alopecia areata (AA) and androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is often challenging as patients may be resistant to currently available modalities of treatment. The use of stem cells may be a novel option for resistant cases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the use of autologous bone marrow derived mononuclear cells (including stem cells) as compared to follicular stems cells for the management of resistant cases of AA and AGA.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 40 patients (20 AA patients and 20 AGA patients), all patients were treated with a single session of intradermal injection of autologous stem cells (SCs) therapy. They were divided into four groups according to the applied modality [either autologous bone marrow derived mononuclear cells (bone marrow mononuclear cells [BMMCs] or autologous follicular stem cells [FSC]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six months after stem cell therapy (SCT) injection, there was a significant improvement, confirmed by immunostaining and digital dermoscopy. The mean improvement in all groups was "very good". There was no significant difference between both methods in either type of alopecia. No serious adverse events were reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Autologous BMMCs and FSC seem to be a safe tolerable and effective treatment for the management of both resistant AA and AGA.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Dematology and Venereology , Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University , Tanta , Egypt.
authors.forename: Iman Hamed
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Elmaadawi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Dematology and Venereology , Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University , Tanta , Egypt.
authors.forename: Basma Mourad
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: a Department of Dematology and Venereology , Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University , Tanta , Egypt.
authors.forename: Zeinab Abel Samad
authors.initials: ZAS
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: b Department of Clinical Pathology , Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University , Tanta , Egypt.
authors.forename: Said Mohamed
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7497-1318
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Abdou
authors.affiliation: a Department of Dematology and Venereology , Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University , Tanta , Egypt.
authors.forename: Yasmina Ahmed
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: El Attar
authors.affiliation: b Department of Clinical Pathology , Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University , Tanta , Egypt.
authors.forename: Amira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Youssef
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pathology , Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University , Tanta , Egypt.
authors.forename: Maha Mostafa
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Shamloula
authors.affiliation: d Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Tanta University , Tanta , Egypt.
authors.forename: Atef
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taha
authors.affiliation: e Department Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt.
authors.forename: Hala Gabr
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Metwally
authors.affiliation: f Department of Anathesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine , Tanta University , Tanta , Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: El Afandy
authors.affiliation: g Department of Zoology, Immunology and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Science , Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Tanta University , Tanta , Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed Labib
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Salem
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000505:Alopecia / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000506:Alopecia Areata / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; D002648:Child; D046169:Dermoscopy; D005260:Female; D018859:Hair Follicle / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bone marrow mononuclear cells; alopecia areata; androgenetic alopecia; digital dermoscopy-CK 15-CD34-CD200; follicular stem cells