title: Single center validation of routine blastocyst biopsy implementation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aims to contrast the efficacy of trophectoderm biopsy preimplantation genetic screening (PGS)/vitrification (VTF)-all cycles to past treatment protocols. Specifically, do these applied technologies increase live birth rates on a per cycle/first transfer basis?
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational, retrospective cohort study of first transfer outcomes was performed in two groups. Group 1 (PGS) included PGS/VTF-all cycles, and group 2 (no PGS) included the first transfer from non-PGS fresh cycles or VTF-ALL cycles. In group 1, all blastocysts were biopsied on days 5/6, vitrified and array CGH performed. Group 2 patients had embryo transfers on day 3 or day 5. All blastocysts were vitrified and warmed according to μS-VTF protocols. Clinical pregnancies and implantation were confirmed by ultrasound and live birth information attained. Results were stratified by age with donor cycles excluded, and to eliminate bias, the same groups were then validated on a per cycle basis. Chi-squared used to determine significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyzing 287 embryo transfers and 1,000+ PGS-tested blastocysts, an overall 97 % increase in live births favored group 1 (PGS). When utilizing PGS/VTF-ALL cycles, patients under 43 years old exhibited higher implantation, clinical pregnancy, and ongoing/live birth rates. Re-analyzing the data to include all cycles initiated revealed higher live birth rates in group 1 age groups ≤34 and 38-40 years old.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Validating PGS on a per cycle basis eliminated data bias by including patients without blastocysts to biopsy or euploid embryos. Clearly, PGS uses blastocysts more efficiently to achieve success, while many women over 40 may benefit most by understanding why some failures occur.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  None.
authors.affiliation: Ovation Fertility, Newport Beach, CA, USA.
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Whitney
authors.affiliation: Ovation Fertility, Newport Beach, CA, USA. mschiewe@ovationfertility.com.
authors.forename: Mitchel C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Schiewe
authors.affiliation: Ovation Fertility, Newport Beach, CA, USA.|Southern California Center for Reproductive Medicine, Newport Beach, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000166:cytology*; D015925:Cryopreservation; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000235:genetics*; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050498:Live Birth; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D019836:Preimplantation Diagnosis; D058989:Vitrification
keywords: Biopsy; Blastocyst; PGS; Trophectoderm; Validation