title: Validation and Reliability of the Portuguese Version of the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument.
abstract: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is very common in the diabetic population. Early screening for foot pathology is of the utmost importance. The Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) is an easy, brief, and noninvasive screening tool. The aim of this study was to validate the semantics and characteristics of both sections of the Portuguese translation of the MNSI for Portuguese diabetic patients.
  
  
  
  A cross-sectional study was performed on 87 type 1 and 2 diabetic patients at our outpatient endocrinology department. The final sample was composed of 76 patients. Nerve conduction studies were requested, but only a subsample of 42 patients agreed to participate in them.
  
  
  
  The scale was internally consistent (Cronbach's alpha > 0.70 in section A, or a clinical history questionnaire and a physical examination [section B]), and the scores of both sections were positively correlated (r = 0.70; P < 0.001). With regard to stability, MNSI scores between test/retest showed high stability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.91). The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) demonstrated its validity, with ROC curve values for section A, section B, and sections A + B of 0.913, 0.798, and 0.906 respectively. Considering a cut off of ≥ 3 in section A and of ≥ 2 in section B, we obtained a sensitivity of 100% and 86%; a specificity of 64% and 61%; a positive predictive value of 80% and 73%; and a negative predictive value of 100% and 79%, respectively.
  
  
  
  The Portuguese MNSI is a reliable and valid tool for screening diabetic neuropathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, St John Center Hospital , Porto, Portugal.|Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.|I3S Institute of Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Portugal, Portugal.
authors.forename: Margarida
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: I3S Institute of Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Portugal, Portugal.|Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, St John Center Hospital, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saavedra
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Milton
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Severo
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University Porto, Porto, Portugal.|Department of Pain Medicine, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil GmbH, Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.affiliation: I3S Institute of Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Portugal, Portugal.|Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, St John Center Hospital, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carvalho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000592:standards; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D011174:Portugal; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014177:Translations
keywords: Michigan neuropathy screening instrument; Portuguese; diabetic neuropathy; reliability; validity