title: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of flexible doses of levomilnacipran ER (40-120 mg/day) in patients with major depressive disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Levomilnacipran ER is a potent and selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) approved for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Efficacy and safety have been evaluated in five Phase II/III studies, four of which met the pre-specified primary efficacy outcome. Results of the negative trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00969150) are reported here.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Phase III randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing flexible-dose levomilnacipran ER 40-120 mg/day with placebo was conducted in outpatients with MDD. Patients met the DSM-IV-TR criteria for MDD, had a current episode of depression of at least 4 weeks' duration, and a Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score ≥30. The study comprised a 1-week, single-blind, placebo lead-in, 8-week double-blind treatment, and a 2-week down-taper. The primary and secondary efficacy measures were change from baseline to Week 8 in MADRS and Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) total scores, respectively, analyzed using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures approach. Safety outcomes included adverse events (AEs), laboratory and vital sign measures, the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale, and the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred and fifty-five patients received the study drug and had ≥1 post-baseline MADRS total score assessment (ITT Population); 81.9% of placebo and 77.1% of levomilnacipran ER patients completed the study. For levomilnacipran ER vs placebo, MADRS (-15.7 vs -14.2) and SDS (-8.8 vs -8.2) total score improvements, and rates of MADRS response (38.5% vs 34.8%) and remission (25.3% vs 23.8%) were numerically greater but differences were not statistically significant. Levomilnacipran ER was generally well tolerated. More levomilnacipran ER patients vs placebo reported AEs; the most common AEs for levomilnacipran ER were nausea (17%) and headache (16%). Mean changes in most safety measures were small and similar between groups. There were no meaningful differences in total ASEX scores between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short duration of treatment, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and lack of an active comparator.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Numerical improvements for levomilnacipran ER vs placebo were detected in this study, but the differences were not statistically significant; levomilnacipran ER was generally well tolerated.
authors.affiliation: Forest Research Institute, Jersey City, NJUSA.
authors.forename: Carl P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Gommoll
authors.affiliation: Forest Research Institute, Jersey City, NJUSA.
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.affiliation: Forest Research Institute, Jersey City, NJUSA.
authors.forename: Changzheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
keywords: Antidepressant clinical trial; Levomilnacipran ER; Major depressive disorder (MDD); Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)