title: Association Between Drinking and Obesity in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2012.
abstract: Women are more vulnerable to the adverse effects of alcohol than men. The present study aimed to investigate the link between drinking and obesity in pre- and postmenopausal women in Korea.
  
  
  
  We performed a cross-sectional study of 4374 premenopausal and 2927 postmenopausal women using a multistage probability cluster survey sample to produce nationally representative estimates. We assessed the subjects' alcohol drinking tendencies rates according to their drinking levels as well as Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT); obesity was identified based on body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2, waist circumference (WC) ≥80 cm, and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) ≥50%. We performed t-tests and chi-square tests to assess the association between drinking and obesity.
  
  
  
  In premenopausal subjects, obesity indices increased significantly as alcohol consumption rose. Significant correlations between drinking level and obesity factors were found in premenopausal women after adjusting for age (odds ratios [ORs] for BMI, WC, and WHtR were 1.58 [1.08-2.31], 1.94 [1.11-3.00], and 1.80 [1.24-2.61], respectively). Furthermore, an AUDIT score of 20 or higher indicated a significantly higher likelihood of obesity (ORs for BMI, WC, and WHtR were 2.02 [1.18-3.46], 2.75 [1.70-4.87], and 2.86 [1.78-4.59], respectively). There was a significant correlation between AUDIT scores and obesity factors after adjusting for age, energy intake, fat intake, exercise, smoking, education, and income in premenopausal women (ORs for BMI and WHtR were 1.71 [0.85-3.47] and 1.73 [0.97-3.06], respectively).
  
  
  
  Our results suggest that alcohol is associated with a risk factor for obesity in premenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biomedical Science, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea.|2 Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sol Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mi Ran
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biomedical Science, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea.|2 Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Su Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Medical Informatics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea.|4 Institute of Healthcare Management, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: In Young
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Medical Informatics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea.|4 Institute of Healthcare Management, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mi Jung
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rho
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Jin
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Biostatistics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyungdo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biomedical Science, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea.|2 Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dai-Jin
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000886:Anthropometry; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D000070497:Healthy Lifestyle; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017698:Postmenopause; D017697:Premenopause; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: drinking; menopause; obesity; women