title: Retractions by Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences due to Scientific Misconduct.
abstract: Under pressure to publish, academicians and research scientists are increasingly indulging in scientific misconduct leading to retraction of such papers when identified. Other reasons of retraction include scientific error and problems related to ethics. Four published manuscripts (three from Turkey and one from Pakistan) had to be retracted from Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences from January 2014 to July 2015 due to scientific misconduct. There is a need to search for effective measures which could help reduce the number of retractions and prevent scientific literature from being further polluted, which seems to be increasing every year.
authors.affiliation: Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, Karachi.
authors.forename: Shaukat Ali
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Jawaid
authors.affiliation: Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, Karachi.
authors.forename: Masood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jawaid
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000941:ethics*; D006801:Humans; D010154:Pakistan; D010506:Periodicals as Topic; D012107:Research Design; D012180:Retraction of Publication as Topic; D015871:Scientific Misconduct