title: Outcomes of hypnosis combined with local anesthesia during inguinal repair: a pilot study.
abstract: To evaluate the usefulness and outcomes of hypnosis associated with local anesthesia during inguinal hernia repair procedure, notably on post-operative pain.
  
  
  
  A prospective study included patients operated on inguinal hernia repair according to Lichtenstein technique from January 2013 to September 2014. The cohort was divided into three groups (group 1: local anesthesia; group 2: hypnosis and local anesthesia; and group 3: general anesthesia). A questionnaire was filled by each participant before and after surgery. Pre-operative apprehension, pain at hospital discharge, surgeon comfort during procedure, immediate satisfaction after hospital discharge, and satisfaction at 1 month after surgery were evaluated.
  
  
  
  A total of 103 patients were included in this study (group 1: n = 55; group 2: n = 35; and group 3: n = 13). Pre-operative apprehension and pain at hospital discharge's scores were significantly higher in the group 3 than in the groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.001). Pain at hospital discharge was significantly lower in the group 2 than in the group 1 (p = 0.03). Pre-operative apprehension, surgeon comfort during procedure, immediate satisfaction after hospital discharge, and satisfaction at 1 month after surgery were similar between groups 1 and 2.
  
  
  
  Hypnosis combined with local anesthesia is a feasible technique which allows extending inguinal hernia repair to a large population. There is no complication associated with its use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Strasbourg University, 1 Avenue Moliere, 67000, Strasbourg, France. ben.romain@hotmail.fr.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Romain
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Strasbourg University, 1 Avenue Moliere, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Strasbourg University, 1 Avenue Moliere, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Story
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Strasbourg University, 1 Avenue Moliere, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: J-B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Delhorme
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Strasbourg University, 1 Avenue Moliere, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brigand
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Strasbourg University, 1 Avenue Moliere, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rohr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D006991:Hypnosis, Anesthetic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Hypnosis; Inguinal hernia repair; Local anesthesia