title: The Skeletally Immature and Newly Mature Throwing Athlete.
abstract: Injuries to the shoulder and elbow in the pediatric and adolescent throwing athlete are common. Both knowledge of throwing mechanics and understanding of normal bone development in the immature skeleton are key to the diagnosis, treatment, and potential prevention of these common injuries. Pathologic changes from chronic repetitive trauma to the developing shoulder and elbow manifest as distinctly different injuries that can be predicted by the skeletal maturation of the patient. Sites of vulnerability and resulting patterns of injury change as the child evolves from the skeletally immature little league player to the skeletally mature high school/college athlete.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, NE Suite D112, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Pediatric Radiology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston, 1405 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Electronic address: kiery.braithwaite@choa.org.
authors.forename: Kiery A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Braithwaite
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, NE Suite D112, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Pediatric Radiology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston, 1405 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Kelley W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Marshall
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001134:Arm Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Elbow; Little league; Overuse; Pediatric; Physeal injury; Shoulder; Skeletally immature; Throwing athlete