title: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in malignant hypertension secondary to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
abstract: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurological condition that occurs secondary to a variety of causes like autoimmune diseases, uncontrolled hypertension and immunosuppressive agents. We report an unusual association of PRES and malignant hypertension secondary to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in a young woman, presenting with sudden loss of vision and seizures. She had uncontrolled hypertension and a Glasgow Coma Scale of 6/15. Brain MRI revealed high signals in cortical and subcortical white matter and some involvement of the periventricular areas. She improved dramatically with antihypertensive and antiepileptic medications and was discharged home in a stable condition. It is important to have a high clinical suspicion for this uncommon condition in an appropriate clinical setting, because a timely intervention can prevent long-term complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Hafez Mohammad Ammar
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Waqas
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ullah
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Education, Griffin Hospital, Derby, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Ejaz
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Faiz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Anwer
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005923:Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D006974:Hypertension, Malignant / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D054038:Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D012640:Seizures / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult