title: Effect of the menopausal transition and physical activity energy expenditure on inflammatory markers: a MONET group study.
abstract: Menopausal transition is usually associated with changes in body composition and a decrease in physical activity energy expenditure. Adipose tissue, especially visceral fat, is an important source of inflammatory markers, which contributes to the development of a proinflammatory state. Conversely, high levels of physical activity and exercise have an anti-inflammatory effect. This study aimed to investigate the impact of menopausal transition and physical activity on inflammatory makers.
  
  
  
  One hundred two healthy premenopausal women participated in a 5-year longitudinal study. The present secondary analyses were performed on 58 participants with a full set of data (age: 49.6 ± 1.7 y; body mass index: 23.3 ± 2.4 kg/m). Measures included body composition, waist circumference, fasting glucose and insulin levels, insulin sensitivity, plasma lipid levels, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity energy expenditure, and inflammatory markers.
  
  
  
  Repeated measure analyses revealed, after the 5-year follow-up, significant increases in ferritin, interleukin-8 (IL-8), and soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptor 1 and 2 (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) (P < 0.001), and a significant decrease in serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein (P < 0.05). Positive correlations were observed between change (year 5 to baseline) in waist circumference and changes in high-sensitive C-reactive protein, orosomucoid (ORM), haptoglobin, and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels (0.26 ≤ r ≤ 0.34; P < 0.05), and between change in peripheral fat and changes in ORM, ApoB, sTNFR2 (0.28 ≤ r ≤ 0.39; P < 0.05). On the contrary, negative correlations were found between change in physical activity energy expenditure and changes in ORM as well as ApoB (r = -0.35 and r = -0.36, respectively; P < 0.05). No significant correlations were found between change in cardiorespiratory fitness, glucose, insulin, insulin sensitivity and changes in inflammatory markers. Multiple regression analyses showed that changes in physical activity energy expenditure and waist circumference together explained 23% of the individual variance of change in ORM (P < 0.05). Also, change in physical activity energy expenditure explained 15% (P < 0.05) of the variance of change in ApoB. Fat mass change explained 15% (P < 0.05) of the variance of change in IL-8, and finally change in peripheral fat explained 15% of variance of change in sTNFR2 (P < 0.05).
  
  
  
  The present study indicates that the menopausal transition is accompanied by an increase in inflammatory markers, namely ferritin, IL-8, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2. The increase in IL-8 and sTNFR2 with menopause could be explained, in part, by changes in fat mass and peripheral fat, respectively.
authors.affiliation: 1School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada 2Institut de Recherche de l'Hôpital Montfort, Ottawa, ON, Canada 3AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, UF Bio-marqueurs Inflammatoires et Métaboliques, Service de Biochimie et Hormonologie, Paris, France 4Sorbonne Universities UPMC (University Pierre and Marie Curie) Paris 6, UMR_S 938 CDR-Saint-Antoine, Paris, France 5University Hospital Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN) Institute, Paris, France 6Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada 7Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada 8Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada 9Départment de Kinesiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Sahar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Razmjou
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bastard
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Doucet
authors.forename: Remi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rabasa-Lhoret
authors.forename: Soraya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fellahi
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lavoie
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prud'homme
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001823:Body Composition; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008593:Menopause / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000097:blood; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007328:Insulin; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008055:Lipids; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D005293:Ferritins