title: Strength of Intentional Effort Enhances the Sense of Agency.
abstract: Sense of agency (SoA) refers to the feeling of controlling one's own actions, and the experience of controlling external events with one's actions. The present study examined the effect of strength of intentional effort on SoA. We manipulated the strength of intentional effort using three types of buttons that differed in the amount of force required to depress them. We used a self-attribution task as an explicit measure of SoA. The results indicate that strength of intentional effort enhanced self-attribution when action-effect congruency was unreliable. We concluded that intentional effort importantly affects the integration of multiple cues affecting explicit judgments of agency when the causal relationship action and effect was unreliable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Rin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Minohara
authors.affiliation: Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Motoichiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamakawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.affiliation: Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asama
keywords: comparator model; cue integration; intentional effort; self-attribution task; sense of agency