title: Rapid determination of bacterial aminoglycoside resistance in environmental samples using membrane electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria is becoming a global public health problem, such as aminoglycoside resistance encoded by the armA gene. Although many methods have been reported, rapid analysis of environmental samples is still challenging.
  
  
  METHODS
  A rapid analytical method was developed in this study to determine bacterial aminoglycoside resistance using membrane electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (MESI-MS). Precursor/product-ion pairs of ArmA unique peptides were detected with minimal sample preparation. Standard peptides were synthesized and used for developing and validating the methodology, and then the method was verified by both ArmA positive and ArmA negative simulated environmental samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A rapid method for determination of bacterial aminoglycoside resistance was developed using MESI-MS/MS. The bacterial cultural time was optimized to 2 hours, and the precision, accuracy and recovery of this method were investigated. The peptide IHSSTNER (IR-8) unique to ArmA in simulated environmental samples can be successfully identified within 3 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The novel assay offered a rapid method to determine bacterial aminoglycoside resistance with high sensitivity, accuracy and precision in simulated environmental samples. This method could also be applied to identify other drug-resistance proteins in clinical/environmental samples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors.forename: Liusheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
authors.forename: Jinxing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D040981:Acinetobacter baumannii / Q000187:drug effects; D000617:Aminoglycosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000235:genetics; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C506767:ArmA protein, E coli; D008780:Methyltransferases