title: The diagnostic performance parameters of Narrow Band Imaging: A preclinical and clinical study.
abstract: The oral carcinoma is a widespread pathology and still presents poor prognosis. Among the available procedures for its early detection, Narrow Band Imaging technique allows to assess potential vascular network abnormalities. The reliability of this technique in the detection of dysplastic and neoplastic oral lesions was evaluated in a preclinical and clinical study.
  
  
  
  In the preclinical study, a chemical oral carcinogen was administered to 50 mice to induct both dysplastic and neoplastic oral lesions. In the clinical study 91 patients, bearing suspicious premalignant and malignant oral lesions, have been included. Images of animals' and patients' lesions were acquired under white and Narrow Band Imaging light prior to biopsy. Two expert raters examined the images and classified lesions, which were eventually compared to the histological diagnosis. The diagnostic performance included sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, positive and negative predictive values, accuracy, percentages and degree of agreement between raters' evaluation and the histological report.
  
  
  
  In the preclinical study sensitivity ranged from 0.57 to 1, specificity from 0.85 to 0.99, positive likelihood ratio from 6.54 to 65.04, positive predictive values from 0.32 to 0.96, negative predictive values from 0.91 to 1 and accuracy from 0.86 to 0.98. In the clinical study sensitivity ranged from 0.63 to 0.99, specificity from 0.89 to 1, positive likelihood ratio from 8.45 to 61.47, positive predictive values from 0.59 to 0.96, negative predictive values from 0.78 to 1 and accuracy from 0.82 to 0.99.
  
  
  
  Narrow Band Imaging is an accurate technique, which holds a great potential for tumour angiogenesis evaluation and for the subsequent early detection of suspicious premalignant and malignant oral lesions.
authors.affiliation: Ambulatorio di Patologia e Medicina Orale, Clinica Odontoiatrica e Stomatologica, Ospedale Maggiore, Trieste, Italy; Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ottaviani
authors.affiliation: Ambulatorio di Patologia e Medicina Orale, Clinica Odontoiatrica e Stomatologica, Ospedale Maggiore, Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Margherita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gobbo
authors.affiliation: Ambulatorio di Patologia e Medicina Orale, Clinica Odontoiatrica e Stomatologica, Ospedale Maggiore, Trieste, Italy; Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rupel
authors.affiliation: Ambulatorio di Patologia e Medicina Orale, Clinica Odontoiatrica e Stomatologica, Ospedale Maggiore, Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Ambros
authors.affiliation: Ambulatorio di Patologia e Medicina Orale, Clinica Odontoiatrica e Stomatologica, Ospedale Maggiore, Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perinetti
authors.affiliation: Ambulatorio di Patologia e Medicina Orale, Clinica Odontoiatrica e Stomatologica, Ospedale Maggiore, Trieste, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di Lenarda
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy; UCO Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology Unit, Cattinara Hospital, Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Rossana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bussani
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Cattinara Hospital, Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tirelli
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lodi
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zacchigna
authors.affiliation: Ambulatorio di Patologia e Medicina Orale, Clinica Odontoiatrica e Stomatologica, Ospedale Maggiore, Trieste, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy. Electronic address: m.biasotto@fmc.units.it.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Biasotto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Early diagnosis; Narrow Band Imaging; Oral cancer; Tumour angiogenesis