title: Bacterial translocation and in vivo assessment of intestinal barrier permeability in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with and without soyabean meal-induced inflammation.
abstract: The primary aim of this experiment was to evaluate the intestinal barrier permeability in vivo in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed increasing levels of soyabean meal (SBM). The relationship between SBM-induced enteritis (SBMIE) and the permeability markers was also investigated. Our results showed that the mean score of morphological parameters was significantly higher as a result of 37·5 % SBM inclusion in the diet, while the scores of fish fed 25 % SBM or lower were not different from those of the fish meal-fed controls (P < 0·05). SBMIE was found in the distal intestine (DI) in 18 % of the fish (eleven of sixty): ten in the 37·5 % SBM-fed group and one in the 25 % SBM-fed group. Sugar markers in plasma showed large variation among individuals probably due to variation in feed intake. We found, however, a significant linear increase in the level of plasma d-lactate with increasing SBM inclusion level (P < 0·0001). Plasma concentration of endotoxin was not significantly different in groups with or without SBMIE. Some individual fish showed high values of endotoxin in blood, but the same individuals did not show any bacterial translocation. Plasma bacterial DNA was detected in 28 % of the fish with SBMIE, and 8 % of non-SBMIE fish (P = 0·07). Plasma concentration of d-lactate was significantly higher in fish with SBMIE (P < 0·0001). To conclude, SBMIE in the DI of rainbow trout was associated with an increase in bacterial translocation and plasma d-lactate concentration, suggesting that these permeability markers can be used to evaluate intestinal permeability in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , PO Box 5003 , NO-1432 Ås , Norway.
authors.forename: Peyman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mosberian-Tanha
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , PO Box 5003 , NO-1432 Ås , Norway.
authors.forename: Margareth
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Øverland
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , N-0033 Oslo , Norway.
authors.forename: Thor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Landsverk
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , PO Box 5003 , NO-1432 Ås , Norway.
authors.forename: Felipe E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Reveco
authors.affiliation: Aquaculture and Fisheries Group , Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences , PO Box 338 , 6700 AH Wageningen , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Schrama
authors.affiliation: Aquaculture and Fisheries Group , Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences , PO Box 338 , 6700 AH Wageningen , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Andries J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Roem
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry , Biotechnology and Food Science , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , PO Box 5003 , NO-1432 Ås , Norway.
authors.forename: Jane W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Agger
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , PO Box 5003 , NO-1432 Ås , Norway.
authors.forename: Liv T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Mydland
keywords: DGGE, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; DI, distal intestine; Enteritis; FCR, feed conversion ratio; FM, fish meal; Intestinal permeability; L:R, lactulose:l-rhamnose; Permeability markers; Rainbow trout; S:R, sucralose:l-rhamnose; SBM, soyabean meal; SBMIE, soyabean meal-induced enteritis; Soyabean meal