title: Experimental model of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo with biphasic nystagmus using isolated semicircular canals.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  The co-existence of cupulolithiasis and canalolithiasis might be a possible mechanism for the spontaneous inversion of positional nystagmus.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the mechanism of spontaneous inversion of nystagmus direction without a positional change in experimental models of co-existing cupulolithiasis and canalolithiasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Co-existing canalolithiasis and cupulolithiasis models were prepared using the bullfrog posterior semicircular canal (PSC). Ten bullfrogs were used. The ampullary nerve discharges were recorded as compound action potentials (CAPs). First, an otoconial mass was placed on the cupula to produce cupulolithiasis. Subsequently, another otoconial mass was introduced into the canal lumen to produce canalolithiasis. Decremental time constants for cupulolithiasis and incremental time constants for canalolithiasis were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At first the CAPs increased and continued for a long time when the cupulolithiasis was generated. Subsequently the CAPs were suppressed by creating canalolithiasis. Finally, the CAPs increased again after the motion of otoconia inside the canal lumen stopped. The decremental time constant for cupulolithiasis was significantly longer than the incremental time constant for canalolithiasis.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yatomi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.affiliation: b Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Tokyo Medical University , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: b Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Tokyo Medical University , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.affiliation: b Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Tokyo Medical University , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inagaki
authors.affiliation: b Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Tokyo Medical University , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Ujimoto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Konomi
authors.affiliation: b Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Tokyo Medical University , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyoaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsukahara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D065635:Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009760:Nystagmus, Physiologic; D011892:Rana catesbeiana
keywords: BPPV; Horizontal canal; benign paroxysmal positional vertigo; lateral canal; positional nystagmus