title: Neural responses to nostalgia-evoking music modeled by elements of dynamic musical structure and individual differences in affective traits.
abstract: Nostalgia is an emotion that is most commonly associated with personally and socially relevant memories. It is primarily positive in valence and is readily evoked by music. It is also an idiosyncratic experience that varies between individuals based on affective traits. We identified frontal, limbic, paralimbic, and midbrain brain regions in which the strength of the relationship between ratings of nostalgia evoked by music and blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal was predicted by affective personality measures (nostalgia proneness and the sadness scale of the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales) that are known to modulate the strength of nostalgic experiences. We also identified brain areas including the inferior frontal gyrus, substantia nigra, cerebellum, and insula in which time-varying BOLD activity correlated more strongly with the time-varying tonal structure of nostalgia-evoking music than with music that evoked no or little nostalgia. These findings illustrate one way in which the reward and emotion regulation networks of the brain are recruited during the experiencing of complex emotional experiences triggered by music. These findings also highlight the importance of considering individual differences when examining the neural responses to strong and idiosyncratic emotional experiences. Finally, these findings provide a further demonstration of the use of time-varying stimulus-specific information in the investigation of music-evoked experiences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, United States; Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, United States. Electronic address: fbarret2@jhu.edu.
authors.forename: Frederick S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, United States; Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, United States.
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Janata
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D009146:Music / Q000523:psychology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010556:Personality Tests; D057566:Self Report; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Autobiographical memory; Emotion; Music information retrieval; Tonality