title: Macronutrient intake in advanced age: Te Puāwaitanga o Ngā Tapuwae Kia ora Tonu, Life and Living in Advanced Age: A Cohort Study in New Zealand (LiLACS NZ).
abstract: As part of the 12-month follow-up of the longitudinal cohort study, Life and Living in Advanced Age: A Cohort Study in New Zealand, dietary intake was assessed in 216 Māori and 362 non-Māori octogenarians using repeat 24-h multiple pass recalls. Energy and macronutrient intakes were calculated, and food items reported were allocated to food groups used in the New Zealand Adult Nutrition Survey (NZANS). Intakes were compared with the nutrient reference values (NRV) for Australia and New Zealand. The median BMI was higher for Māori (28·3 kg/m2) than for non-Māori (26·2 kg/m2) P=0·007. For Māori, median energy intake was 7·44 MJ/d for men and 6·06 MJ/d for women with 16·3 % energy derived from protein, 43·3 % from carbohydrate and 38·5 % from fat. Median energy intake was 7·91 and 6·26 MJ/d for non-Māori men and women, respectively, with 15·4 % of energy derived from protein, 45 % from carbohydrate and 36·7 % from fat. For both ethnic groups, bread was the top contributor to energy and carbohydrate intakes. Protein came from beef and veal, fish and seafood, bread, milk and poultry with the order differing by ethnic groups and sex. Fat came mainly from butter and margarine. Energy-adjusted protein was higher for Māori than non-Māori (P=0·049). For both ethnic groups, the median energy levels were similar, percent carbohydrate tended to be lower and percent fat higher compared with adults aged >70 years in NZANS. These unique cross-sectional data address an important gap in our understanding of dietary intake in this growing section of our population and highlight lack of age-appropriate NRV.
authors.affiliation: 1School of Food and Nutrition,College of Health,Massey University,North Shore, Auckland 0745,New Zealand.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wham
authors.affiliation: 2Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences,University of Auckland,Tamaki Campus,Auckland 1142,New Zealand.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Teh
authors.affiliation: 2Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences,University of Auckland,Tamaki Campus,Auckland 1142,New Zealand.
authors.forename: Simon A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Moyes
authors.affiliation: 2Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences,University of Auckland,Tamaki Campus,Auckland 1142,New Zealand.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rolleston
authors.affiliation: 3James Henare Māori Research Centre,University of Auckland,Auckland 1142,New Zealand.
authors.forename: Marama
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muru-Lanning
authors.affiliation: 2Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences,University of Auckland,Tamaki Campus,Auckland 1142,New Zealand.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayman
authors.affiliation: 4Institute of Health and Society and Newcastle University Institute for Ageing,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon Tyne,UK.
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adamson
authors.affiliation: 2Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences,University of Auckland,Tamaki Campus,Auckland 1142,New Zealand.
authors.forename: Ngaire
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kerse
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009520:New Zealand; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009752:Nutritional Status
keywords: 24-h MPR 24-h multiple pass recall; AI adequate intake; AMDR acceptable macronutrient distribution range; Dietary intake; EAR estimated average requirement; EI energy intake; LiLACS NZ Life and Living in Advanced Age: A Cohort Study in New Zealand; Life and Living in Advanced Age: A Cohort Study in New Zealand; Māori; NRV nutrient reference values; NZANS New Zealand Adult Nutrition Survey; Octogenarians