title: Rapid Development of Wet Adhesion between Carboxymethylcellulose Modified Cellulose Surfaces Laminated with Polyvinylamine Adhesive.
abstract: The surface of regenerated cellulose membranes was modified by irreversible adsorption of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). Pairs of wet CMC-modified membranes were laminated with polyvinylamine (PVAm) at room temperature, and the delamination force for wet membranes was measured for both dried and never-dried laminates. The wet adhesion was studied as a function of PVAm molecular weight, amine content, and deposition pH of the polyelectrolyte. Surprisingly the PVAm-CMC system gave substantial wet adhesion that exceeded that of TEMPO-oxidized membranes with PVAm for both dried and never-dried laminates. The greatest wet adhesion was achieved for fully hydrolyzed high molecular weight PVAm. Bulk carboxymethylation of cellulose membranes gave inferior wet adhesion combined with PVAm as compared to CMC adsorption which indicates that a CMC layer of the order of 10 nm was necessary. There are no obvious covalent cross-linking reactions between CMC and PVAm at room temperature, and on the basis of our results, we are instead attributing the wet adhesion to complex formation between the PVAm and the irreversibly adsorbed CMC at the cellulose surface. We propose that interdigitation of PVAm chains into the CMC layer is responsible for the high wet adhesion values.
authors.affiliation: Wallenberg Wood Science Center, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada.
authors.forename: Emil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pelton
authors.affiliation: Wallenberg Wood Science Center, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wågberg
keywords: carboxymethyl cellulose; cellulose; polyelectrolyte; polyvinylamine; wet adhesion; wet strength