title: Pathophysiology of peripheral arterial disease in diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) increases the risk of lower extremity amputation. It is also an independent predictor of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular ischemic events, affecting both the quality and expectancy of life. Many studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of PAD in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is higher than in non-diabetic patients. In diabetic patients, PAD occurs early with rapid progression, and is frequently asymptomatic. Multiple metabolic aberrations in DM, such as advanced glycation end-products, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and abnormal oxidative stress, have been shown to worsen PAD. However, the role of DM in PAD is not completely understood. The purpose of the present article is to review and discuss the pathophysiology of PAD in DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shao-Ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Bethune International Peace Hospital of PLA, Shijiazhuang, China.
authors.forename: Lv-Yun
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Lei-Lei
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Xia
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jing-Tao
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Dou
mesh_terms: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: diabetes mellitus; pathophysiology; peripheral arterial disease