title: Quantitative determination by screening ELISA and HPLC-MS/MS of microcystins LR, LY, LA, YR, RR, LF, LW, and nodularin in the water of Occhito lake and crops.
abstract: The occurrence of harmful cyanobacterial blooms in surface waters is often accompanied by the production of a variety of cyanotoxins, and these toxins are designed to target in humans specific organs on which they act. When introduced into the soil ecosystem by spray irrigation of crops, they may affect the same molecular pathways in plants having identical or similar target organs, tissues, cells, or biomolecules. There are also several indications that terrestrial plants, including crops, can bioaccumulate cyanotoxins and present, therefore, potential health hazards for humans. During this project, for monitoring purposes, water samples were collected from lake Occhito, in which there was an algal bloom (Planktothrix rubescens) in 2009, and from three tanks which acted as hydraulic junctions. In addition, crop samples irrigated with water from the three tanks mentioned above were also picked. Finally, the characterization of principal cyanobacteria was performed, to determine the presence of cyanotoxins such as microcystins and validate a method of screening ELISA for the determination of microcystins in vegetable samples and a confirmatory method by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Graphical abstract Occhito lake (left), microcystin LR (center), Tomato field in Foggia (right); figures below: ELISA (left), HPLC-MS/MS (right).
authors.affiliation: Department of Foggia, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Puglia and Basilicata Regions, Via Manfredonia, 20, 71121, Foggia, Italy. gianlucatrifir@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Trifirò
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, Calle Larga Santa Marta 2137, 30123, Venice, Italy.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barbaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, Calle Larga Santa Marta 2137, 30123, Venice, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gambaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Foggia, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Puglia and Basilicata Regions, Via Manfredonia, 20, 71121, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vita
authors.affiliation: Department of Foggia, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Puglia and Basilicata Regions, Via Manfredonia, 20, 71121, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Clausi
authors.affiliation: Department of Foggia, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Puglia and Basilicata Regions, Via Manfredonia, 20, 71121, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Franchino
authors.affiliation: Department of Foggia, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Puglia and Basilicata Regions, Via Manfredonia, 20, 71121, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: M Paola
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Palumbo
authors.affiliation: Department of Foggia, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Puglia and Basilicata Regions, Via Manfredonia, 20, 71121, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Floridi
authors.affiliation: Department of Foggia, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Puglia and Basilicata Regions, Via Manfredonia, 20, 71121, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Pace
mesh_terms: D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000737:chemistry; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D057097:Harmful Algal Bloom; D060106:Lakes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D052998:Microcystins / Q000032:analysis*; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000032:analysis*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D052998:Microcystins; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C063998:nodularin
keywords: Crops; ELISA; HPLC-ESI-MS/MS; Lake Occhito; Microcystins; Planktothrix rubescens