title: [Preparation of simulate craniocerebral models via three dimensional printing technique].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Three dimensional (3D) printing technique was used to prepare the simulate craniocerebral models, which were applied to preoperative planning and surgical simulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The image data was collected from PACS system. Image data of skull bone, brain tissue and tumors, cerebral arteries and aneurysms, and functional regions and relative neural tracts of the brain were extracted from thin slice scan (slice thickness 0.5 mm) of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, slice thickness 1mm), computed tomography angiography (CTA), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, respectively. MIMICS software was applied to reconstruct colored virtual models by identifying and differentiating tissues according to their gray scales. Then the colored virtual models were submitted to 3D printer which produced life-sized craniocerebral models for surgical planning and surgical simulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  3D printing craniocerebral models allowed neurosurgeons to perform complex procedures in specific clinical cases though detailed surgical planning. It offered great convenience for evaluating the size of spatial fissure of sellar region before surgery, which helped to optimize surgical approach planning. These 3D models also provided detailed information about the location of aneurysms and their parent arteries, which helped surgeons to choose appropriate aneurismal clips, as well as perform surgical simulation. The models further gave clear indications of depth and extent of tumors and their relationship to eloquent cortical areas and adjacent neural tracts, which were able to avoid surgical damaging of important neural structures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As a novel and promising technique, the application of 3D printing craniocerebral models could improve the surgical planning by converting virtual visualization into real life-sized models.It also contributes to functional anatomy study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain; D002536:Cerebral Arteries; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D012886:Skull; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed