title: Regeneration in bipinnaria larvae of the bat star Patiria miniata induces rapid and broad new gene expression.
abstract: Some metazoa have the capacity to regenerate lost body parts. This phenomenon in adults has been classically described in echinoderms, especially in sea stars (Asteroidea). Sea star bipinnaria larvae can also rapidly and effectively regenerate a complete larva after surgical bisection. Understanding the capacity to reverse cell fates in the larva is important from both a developmental and biomedical perspective; yet, the mechanisms underlying regeneration in echinoderms are poorly understood.
  
  
  
  Here, we describe the process of bipinnaria regeneration after bisection in the bat star Patiria miniata. We tested transcriptional, translational, and cell proliferation activity after bisection in anterior and posterior bipinnaria halves as well as expression of SRAP, reported as a sea star regeneration associated protease (Vickery et al., 2001b). Moreover, we found several genes whose transcripts increased in abundance following bisection, including: Vasa, dysferlin, vitellogenin 1 and vitellogenin 2.
  
  
  
  These results show a transformation following bisection, especially in the anterior halves, of cell fate reassignment in all three germ layers, with clear and predictable changes. These results define molecular events that accompany the cell fate changes coincident to the regenerative response in echinoderm larvae.
authors.affiliation: Brown University, Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, USA.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oulhen
authors.affiliation: Brown University, Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, USA; University of Guelph, Integrative Biology, Canada. Electronic address: aheyland@uoguelph.ca.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heyland
authors.affiliation: Brown University, Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, USA; University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Department of Biological Sciences, USA.
authors.forename: Tyler J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Carrier
authors.affiliation: Brown University, Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, USA.
authors.forename: Vanesa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zazueta-Novoa
authors.affiliation: Brown University, Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, USA.
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fresques
authors.affiliation: Brown University, Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laird
authors.affiliation: LaGuardia Community College/CUNY, Natural Sciences, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Onorato
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Janies
authors.affiliation: Brown University, Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, USA. Electronic address: rhet@brown.edu.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wessel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000235:genetics; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics; D007814:Larva / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D012038:Regeneration / Q000235:genetics*; D013215:Starfish / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*
keywords: Dysferlin; Patterning; Repair; SRAP; Transcription; Vasa; Vitellogenin