title: Multivariate Analysis of the Factors Associated With Sexual Intercourse, Marriage, and Paternity of Hypospadias Patients.
abstract: Patients with hypospadias are treated surgically during childhood, which has the intention of enabling a satisfactory sexual life in adulthood. However, it is unclear whether patients with corrected hypospadias can lead a satisfactory sexual life and sustain a marital relationship and produce offspring.
  
  
  
  To evaluate factors associated with achievement of sexual intercourse, marriage, and paternity in patients with hypospadias who have reached adulthood.
  
  
  
  Self-completion questionnaires were mailed in April 2012 to patients with hypospadias at least 18 years old who had been treated at our institution during childhood from 1973 through 1998 by a single surgeon and the same surgical policy. Assessments included the International Prostate Symptom Score, the International Index for Erectile Function-5, and non-validated questions related to current social and physical status and sexual, marital, and paternity experiences. Candidate factors were extracted from patients' neonatal data, surgical findings and results, and current physical and social status obtained by the questionnaires.
  
  
  
  Candidate factors associated with heterosexual intercourse, marriage, and paternity experiences were analyzed using univariate and multivariate proportional hazard models and log-rank test of Kaplan-Meier curves.
  
  
  
  Of the 518 patients contacted, 108 (age = 18-50 years, median = 28 years) met the inclusion criteria. Two- and one-stage repairs were performed as the initial treatment in 79 and 12, respectively, and 17 of the analyzed cases were reoperations for patients initially treated elsewhere. Fifty-seven patients had the milder type (31 glandular, 26 penile), 36 had the proximal type (13 penoscrotal, 23 scrotal-perineal), and 15 had an unknown type. Multivariate analyses by Cox proportional hazard model and log-rank tests confirmed that experience of sexual intercourse was associated with the milder type of hypospadias (P = .025 and .0076 respectively), marriage was associated with stable employment (P = .020 and .026, respectively), and paternity was associated with the absence of additional surgery after completion of the initial repair (P = .013 by multivariate analysis).
  
  
  
  There was scant overlap of factors associated with the three events. The present findings provide reference information for surgeons and parents regarding future sexual and marriage experiences of children treated for hypospadias.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan. Electronic address: aqui@hyo-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kanematsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nojima
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003075:Coitus; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008393:Marriage / Q000523:psychology*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010334:Paternity; D010410:Penile Erection; D012649:Self Concept; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Adulthood; Heterosexual Intercourse; Hypospadias; Marriage; Paternity