title: Amyrins from Protium heptaphyllum Reduce High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice via Modulation of Enzymatic, Hormonal And Inflammatory Responses.
abstract: Obesity remains a global problem. In search of phytochemicals that have antiobesity potential, this study evaluatedα,β-amyrin, a triterpenoid mixture fromProtium heptaphyllum, on high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. Groups of mice (n = 8) were fed a normal diet or a high-fat diet, and were orally treated or not treated with eitherα,β-amyrin (10 or 20 mg/kg) or sibutramine (10 mg/kg) for 15 weeks. Variables measured at termination were body weight, visceral fat accumulation, adipocyte surface area, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and lipoprotein lipase expressions in adipose tissue, the levels of plasma glucose and insulin, the satiety hormones ghrelin and leptin, the digestive enzymes amylase and lipase, and the inflammatory mediators TNF-α, interleukin-6, and MCP-1. Results showed thatα,β-amyrin treatment resulted in lower high-fat diet-induced increases in body weight, visceral fat content, adipocyte surface area, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and lipoprotein lipase expressions, and blood glucose and insulin levels. Additionally, the markedly elevated leptin and decreased ghrelin levels seen in the high-fat diet-fed control mice were significantly modulated byα,β-amyrin treatment. Furthermore,α,β-amyrin decreased serum TNF-αand MCP-1. These results suggest thatα,β-amyrin could be beneficial in reducing high-fat diet-induced obesity and associated disorders via modulation of enzymatic, hormonal, and inflammatory responses.
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karine Maria Martins Bezerra
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tiago Sousa
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: de Melo
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karina Moura
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: de Melo
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Luiza Gomes
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Quinderé
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisca Tuelly Bandeira
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Flávia Seraine Custódio
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Viana
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Iury Gomes
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.affiliation: Haroldo Juaçaba Hospital, Cancer Institute of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Josiane da Silva
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Quetz
authors.affiliation: Pathology and Legal Medicine Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel de Araújo
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Viana
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
authors.forename: Armenio André de Carvalho Almeida
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Havt
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Said Gonçalves da Cruz
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Helena
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chaves
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vietla Satyanarayana
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávia Almeida
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Santos
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000187:drug effects; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D052436:Adipose Tissue, White / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D029403:Burseraceae / Q000737:chemistry; D003503:Cyclobutanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D052243:Resistin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003503:Cyclobutanes; D054439:Ghrelin; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D008055:Lipids; D047495:PPAR gamma; D052243:Resistin; D009828:Oleanolic Acid; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase; C036380:beta-amyrin; C058254:sibutramine