title: Drug induced exfoliative dermatitis: state of the art.
abstract: Drug induced exfoliative dermatitis (ED) are a group of rare and severe drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR) involving skin and usually occurring from days to several weeks after drug exposure. Erythema multiforme (EM), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are the main clinical presentations of drug induced ED. Overall, T cells are the central player of these immune-mediated drug reactions. Here we provide a systematic review on frequency, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical features and management of patients with drug induced ED.
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy ; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Mona-Rita
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Yacoub
authors.affiliation: Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alvise
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berti
authors.affiliation: Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Campochiaro
authors.affiliation: Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tombetti
authors.affiliation: Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe Alvise
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.affiliation: Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Dept. of Internal Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nico
authors.affiliation: Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Dept. of Internal Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Di Leo
authors.affiliation: Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Dept. of Internal Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fantini
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy ; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Sabbadini
authors.affiliation: Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Dept. of Internal Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Eustachio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nettis
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy ; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giselda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Colombo
keywords: Clinical features; Delayed type hypersensitivity; Drug hypersensitivity; Erythema multiforme; Exfoliative dermatitis; Lyell’s syndrome; Pathogenesis; Stevens–Johnson syndrome; Therapy; Toxic epidermal necrolysis