title: Genetic polymorphisms of PPAR gamma, arsenic methylation capacity and breast cancer risk in Mexican women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether the presence of polymorphisms of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma PPARγ (Pro 1 2Ala) and PPARGC1B (Ala203Pro) modifies the association between the inorganic arsenic (iAs) methylation capacity and breast cancer (BC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Mexican women were interviewed, and blood and urine samples were collected from them (cases/controls= 197/220). The concentration of urinary arsenic species and the polymorphisms of interest were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In women with a high %MMA (urinary monomethyl arsenic) and high primary methylation ratio (PM = MMA/iAs), the risk of BC was increased (odds ratio [OR]%MMA T3 vs.T1= 3.60: 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.02-6.41, ORPMI T3 vs.T1= 3.47: 95%CI 1.95-6.17), which was maintained after adjusting for polymorphisms. No significant interactions were observed between the polymorphisms and the arsenic variables on the risk of BC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pro 12Ala and Ala203Pro polymorphisms did not modify the association between the iAs methylation capacity and BC.
authors.forename: Cristina P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Pineda-Belmontes
authors.forename: Raúl U
authors.initials: RU
authors.lastname: Hernández-Ramírez
authors.forename: César
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hernández-Alcaraz
authors.forename: Mariano E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cebrián
authors.forename: Lizbeth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: López-Carrillo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001151:Arsenic / Q000633:toxicity; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008745:Methylation; D008875:Middle Aged; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D012306:Risk; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001152:Arsenicals; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D047495:PPAR gamma; C455622:PPARGC1B protein, human; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D001151:Arsenic