title: An evaluation of hospital admission respiratory disease attributed to sulfur dioxide ambient concentration in Ahvaz from 2011 through 2013.
abstract: There is no doubt that air pollutants have adverse impacts on human health. The main objective of this study was to evaluate hospital admission respiratory disease (HARD) attributed to sulfur dioxide levels in Ahvaz during three successive years. Data was taken from Iranian Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The AirQ2,2,3 model is used to quantify the impact of SO2on inhabitants of Ahvaz and in terms of hospital admission respiratory diseases. This is a kind of statistical model which is based on some epidemiological indices such as relative risk, baseline incidence, and attributable proportion. Sampling was already performed for 24 h in four stations during 2011-2013. Four stations are good representative for residential, high traffic, industry, and background sites which cover the whole area of the Ahvaz city. Regarding to gravimetric scale, raw data of sulfur dioxide was processed using Excel software. Encoding, filtering, and processing were conducted to prepare input file for the Air Q2,2,3model. After running model, outputs presented in term of hospital admissions respiratory cases. Based on our result, the highest mean and maximum of seasonal and annual levels for sulfur dioxide were observed in 2013. We concluded that obnoxious quality of fuel and some deficiencies in maintenance and operation of industries lead to worse quality of ambient air especially in 2013. Cumulative cases of HARD attributed to sulfur dioxide level at central of relative risk (RR) were estimated 24, 25, and 30 persons for 2011, 2012, and 2013, respectively. The finding of this study showed that total mean of sulfur dioxide was higher than standard concentration. We also noticed that wintertime concentrations of sulfur dioxide during three successive years were higher than of those levels in summer.
authors.affiliation: Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.|Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goudarzi
authors.affiliation: Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran.|Razi Teaching Hospital, Clinical Research Development Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Sahar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geravandi
authors.affiliation: Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.|Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Esmaeil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Idani
authors.affiliation: Nutrition & Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyyed Ahmad
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Mehdi
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Baneshi
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Yari
authors.affiliation: Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vosoughi
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.|The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
authors.forename: Sina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dobaradaran
authors.affiliation: Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Department of Laboratory Sciences School of Paramedical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shirali
authors.affiliation: Environmental Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Rasht, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Bagherian
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Marzooni
authors.affiliation: Razi Teaching Hospital, Clinical Research Development Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.|Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghomeishi
authors.affiliation: Occupational Hazards Control Research Center and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health Environmental, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Nadali
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alavi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Food Science & Technology, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyedeh Shaghayegh
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Alavi
authors.affiliation: Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. javad.sam200@gmail.com.|Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. javad.sam200@gmail.com.|Razi Teaching Hospital, Clinical Research Development Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. javad.sam200@gmail.com.|Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. javad.sam200@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad Javad
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D015233:Models, Statistical; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012621:Seasons; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide
keywords: Ahvaz; Health; Hospital admissions respiratory disease; Sulfur dioxide