title: Antibacterial effects of Lactobacillus and bacteriocin PLNC8 αβ on the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis.
abstract: The complications in healthcare systems associated with antibiotic-resistant microorganisms have resulted in an intense search for new effective antimicrobials. Attractive substances from which novel antibiotics may be developed are the bacteriocins. These naturally occurring peptides are generally considered to be safe and efficient at eliminating pathogenic bacteria. Among specific keystone pathogens in periodontitis, Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered to be the most important pathogen in the development and progression of chronic inflammatory disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects of different Lactobacillus species and the two-peptide bacteriocin PLNC8 αβ on P. gingivalis.
  
  
  
  Growth inhibition of P. gingivalis was obtained by viable Lactobacillus and culture media from L. plantarum NC8 and 44048, but not L. brevis 30670. The two-peptide bacteriocin from L. plantarum NC8 (PLNC8 αβ) was found to be efficient against P. gingivalis through binding followed by permeabilization of the membranes, using Surface plasmon resonance analysis and DNA staining with Sytox Green. Liposomal systems were acquired to verify membrane permeabilization by PLNC8 αβ. The antimicrobial activity of PLNC8 αβ was found to be rapid (1 min) and visualized by TEM to cause cellular distortion through detachment of the outer membrane and bacterial lysis.
  
  
  
  Soluble or immobilized PLNC8 αβ bacteriocins may be used to prevent P. gingivalis colonization and subsequent pathogenicity, and thus supplement the host immune system against invading pathogens associated with periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden. hazem.khalaf@oru.se.
authors.forename: Hazem
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3373-7864
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khalaf
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.|PEAS Institut AB, Söderleden 1, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sravya Sowdamini
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Nakka
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Physics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sandén
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Physics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Svärd
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Research Centre, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kjell
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hultenby
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: Nikolai
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Scherbak
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Physics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aili
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: Torbjörn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bengtsson
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001430:Bacteriocins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000187:drug effects; D002942:Circular Dichroism / Q000379:methods; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D000067493:Dynamic Light Scattering / Q000379:methods; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000502:physiology*; D008081:Liposomes / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001430:Bacteriocins; D008081:Liposomes
keywords: Bacteriocin; Lactobacillus; P. gingivalis; PLNC8; Periodontitis