title: Filterable Agents for Hyperpolarization of Water, Metabolites, and Proteins.
abstract: Hyperpolarization is generated by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (d-DNP) using a polymer-based polarizing agent dubbed FLAP (filterable labeled agents for polarization). It consists of a thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), also known as pNiPAM-COOH, labeled with nitroxide radicals. The polymer powder is impregnated with an arbitrary solution of interest and frozen as is. Dissolution is followed by a simple filtration, leading to hyperpolarized solutions free from any contaminants. We demonstrated the use of FLAP to hyperpolarize partially deuterated water up to P((1) H)=6 % with a long relaxation T1 >36 s characteristic of high purity. Water hyperpolarization can be transferred to drugs, metabolites, or proteins that are waiting in an NMR spectrometer, either by exchange of labile protons or through intermolecular Overhauser effects. We also show that FLAPs are suitable polarizing agents for (13) C-labeled metabolites such as pyruvate, acetate, and alanine.
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland. basile.vuichoud@epfl.ch.
authors.forename: Basile
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vuichoud
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Aurélien
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bornet
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Nanteuil
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Milani
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.|Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.|Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS LBM, 75005, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Estel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Canet
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.|Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.|Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS LBM, 75005, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Miéville
authors.affiliation: Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kurzbach
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomolecular Structural Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flamm
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomolecular Structural Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Konrat
authors.affiliation: Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alvar D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Gossert
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland. sami.jannin@epfl.ch.
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jannin
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.|Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.|Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS LBM, 75005, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bodenhausen
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry; D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D000409:Alanine / Q000737:chemistry; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D003903:Deuterium; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000737:chemistry; D005615:Freezing; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D011522:Protons; D011773:Pyruvates / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000180:Acrylic Resins; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D005609:Free Radicals; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D011506:Proteins; D011522:Protons; D011773:Pyruvates; D014867:Water; C052970:poly-N-isopropylacrylamide; D003903:Deuterium; C039900:nitroxyl; D000409:Alanine
keywords: NMR spectroscopy; dissolution-DNP; filterable polarization agents; hyperpolarization; thermo-responsive polymers