title: Recalled Gendered Behavior in Childhood: A Comparison of Androphilic Men, Gynephilic Men, and Androphilic Women in Japan.
abstract: The current study tested the hypothesis that men who are androphilic (sexually attracted to adult men) in a non-Western, developed country-Japan-would recall engaging in more female-typical behavior, and less male-typical behavior, in childhood, compared to men who are gynephilic (sexually attracted to adult women). Androphilic men, androphilic women, and gynephilic men (N = 302) responded to the Female-Typical Behavior Subscale and the Male-Typical Behavior Subscale of the Childhood Gender Identity Scale, which asked participants to recall their childhood behavior. Results indicated that gynephilic men scored highest on the Male-Typical Behavior Subscale and lowest on the Female-Typical Behavior Subscale. Androphilic women scored the highest on the Female-Typical Behavior Subscale and lowest on the Male-Typical Behavior Subscale. Androphilic men scored intermediately for both the Male- and Female-Typical Behavior Subscales. The results supported the hypothesis that Japanese androphilic men would recall greater gender-nonconforming childhood behavior compared to gynephilic men. These results further reinforce the conclusion that childhood gender-nonconforming behavior is a cross-culturally universal aspect of psychosexual life course development in androphilic men. We discuss why this may be the case, as well as why cross-cultural variation occurs in the magnitude with which recalled childhood gender nonconformity is reported by androphilic males.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada. l.petterson@uleth.ca.
authors.forename: Lanna J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Petterson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada.
authors.forename: Chelsea R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Wrightson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada.
authors.forename: Paul L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Vasey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D020010:Heterosexuality / Q000208:ethnology*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D011606:Psychosexual Development; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Androphilia; Gender nonconformity; Japan; Sexual orientation