title: Ternary Porous Sulfur/Dual-Carbon Architectures for Lithium/Sulfur Batteries Obtained Continuously and on a Large Scale via an Industry-Oriented Spray-Pyrolysis/Sublimation Method.
abstract: Ternary composites with porous sulfur/dual-carbon architectures have been synthesized by a single-step spray-pyrolysis/sublimation technique, which is an industry-oriented method that features continuous fabrication of products with highly developed porous structures without the need for any further treatments. A double suspension of commercial sulfur and carbon scaffolding particles was dispersed in ethanol/water solution and sprayed at 180 °C using a spray pyrolysis system. In the resultant composites, the sulfur particles were subjected to an ultrashort sublimation process, leading to the development of a highly porous surface, and were meanwhile coated with amorphous carbon, obtained through the pyrolysis of the ethanol, which acts as an adhesive interface to bind together the porous sulfur with the scaffolding carbon particles, to form a ternary composite architecture. This material has an effective conducting-carbon/sulfur-based matrix and interconnected open pores to reduce the diffusion paths of lithium ions, buffer the sulfur volumetric expansion, and absorb electrolyte and polysulfides. Because of the unique chemistry and the structure, the composites show stable cycling performance for 200 cycles and good rate capability of 520 mAh g(-1) at 2 C. This advanced spray-pyrolysis/sublimation method is easy to scale up and shows great potential for commercialization of lithium/sulfur batteries.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, New South Wales 2519, Australia.|School of Material Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei, Anhui 230000, P.R. China.|Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, New South Wales 2519, Australia.
authors.forename: Mohammad Rejaul
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.affiliation: Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, New South Wales 2519, Australia.
authors.forename: Konstantin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Konstantinov
authors.affiliation: PT NIPRESS Tbk , J1.Raya Narogong KM. 26 Cileungsi, Bogor 16820, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tandiono
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhaoxiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Chunhua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, New South Wales 2519, Australia.
authors.forename: Hua-Kun
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, New South Wales 2519, Australia.
authors.forename: Shi-Xue
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Dou
authors.affiliation: Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, New South Wales 2519, Australia.
authors.forename: Jiazhao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: Li/S batteries; continuous production; industry-oriented; porous S/dual-C architecture; spray-pyrolysis/sublimation