title: Protocol for diversion of confirmed positive bulk raw milk tankers to calf ranches - A review of the Pharmacokinetics of tetracyclines and sulfonamides in veal calves.
abstract: The tetracyclines (TTC) and sulfonamides are among the most common residues found in bulk raw milk samples. Detection of drug residues in bulk milk (BM) tankers demonstrates that the product is not suitable for human consumption. Discarding BM with residue-contaminated milk is a waste of a valuable commodity, and a repurposing for consumption at calf ranches is a way to recapture some value. However, if calves consuming milk with drug residues are slaughtered for veal, their meat could contain drug residues. The objective of this review is to provide a residue avoidance strategy for TTC and sulfonamide residues in veal. To determine the pharmacokinetic properties of each drug a structured review of the literature was performed and the study inclusion criteria were that the publication used dairy breed calves, with body weight <330 kg or <6 months of age. The most pertinent parameters were determined to be plasma, tissue elimination half-lives, and systemic bioavailability. The results of this review were integrated with milk and tissue testing levels of quantification and tissue tolerances to formulate a recommended withdrawal interval for calves ingesting this milk. The suggested withdrawal interval of 20 days will ensure that no veal calves will test positive for residues from being fed this milk.
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Residue Avoidance and Depletion Program (FARAD) and Institution of Computational Comparative Medicine, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine,Kansas,USA.
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: DeDonder
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Residue Avoidance and Depletion Program (FARAD) and Institution of Computational Comparative Medicine, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine,Kansas,USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gehring
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Residue Avoidance and Depletion Program (FARAD) and Department of Medicine and Epidemiology,School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis,California,USA.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Tell
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Residue Avoidance and Depletion Program (FARAD) and Institution of Computational Comparative Medicine, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine,Kansas,USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Riviere
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D004350:Drug Residues; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013754:Tetracyclines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013754:Tetracyclines
keywords: chlortetracycline; discard milk; oxytetracycline; residue; sulfonamide; tetracycline; veal