title: Renal cell cancer: overview of the current therapeutic landscape.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The last decade has witnessed dramatic improvements in the diagnosis, classification and treatment of renal cell cancer (RCC). Besides improvements in surgical techniques in early stages, introduction of novel targeted agents has resulted in improved outcomes in advanced RCC for which no effective treatment existed until recently.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article reviews epidemiology, pathology and pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical staging, prognostic factors and treatment modalities of early stage and advanced RCC. Expert commentary: Although treatment options are expanding rapidly, practicing physicians face considerable challenges in the decision-making process. Therapeutic agents may have unique side effects and unexpected drug interactions. RCC represents one of the major success stories of clinical oncology in recent years and the progress appears to be far from having reached a plateau. We aim to present a comprehensive in-depth review of RCC in an attempt to provide evidence-based recommendations and future perspectives for practicing oncologists.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Preventive Oncology , Hacettepe University Institute of Oncology , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erman
authors.affiliation: b Department of Medical Oncology , Gazi University Faculty of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benekli
authors.affiliation: c Department of Medical Oncology , Istanbul University Institute of Oncology , Istanbul , Turkey.
authors.forename: Mert
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Basaran
authors.affiliation: d Department of Medical Oncology , American Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey.
authors.forename: Sevil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bavbek
authors.affiliation: b Department of Medical Oncology , Gazi University Faculty of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Suleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buyukberber
authors.affiliation: b Department of Medical Oncology , Gazi University Faculty of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Ugur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Coskun
authors.affiliation: e Department of Medical Oncology , Acıbadem Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey.
authors.forename: Gokhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.affiliation: f Department of Medical Oncology , Ege University Faculty of Medicine , Izmir , Turkey.
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karabulut
authors.affiliation: g Department of Medical Oncology , Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Hospital , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Berna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Oksuzoglu
authors.affiliation: h Department of Medical Oncology , Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine , Kayseri , Turkey.
authors.forename: Metin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozkan
authors.affiliation: i Department of Medical Oncology , Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine , Gaziantep , Turkey.
authors.forename: Alper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sevinc
authors.affiliation: j Department of Medical Oncology , Hacettepe University Institute of Oncology , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Suayib
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yalcin
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003657:Decision Making; D015195:Drug Design; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents
keywords: Renal cell cancer; classification; diagnosis; targeted therapies; treatment