title: Effects of Smoke Generated by Electrocautery on the Larynx.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate effects of smoke produced by electrocautery on the laryngeal mucosa.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used 16 healthy, adult female Wistar albino rats. We divided the rats into two groups. Eight rats were exposed to smoke for 60 min/d for 4 weeks, and eight rats were not exposed to smoke and served as controls. The experimental group was maintained in a plexiglass cabin during exposure to smoke. At the end of 4 weeks, rats were sacrificed under high-dose ketamine anesthesia. Each vocal fold was removed. An expert pathologist blinded to the experimental group evaluated the tissues for the following: epithelial distribution, inflammation, hyperplasia, and metaplasia. Mucosal cellular activities were assessed by immunohistochemical staining for Ki67. Results taken before and after effect were compared statistically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant difference in the extent of inflammation between the experimental group and the control group. Squamous metaplasia was detected in each group, but the difference was not significant. None of the larynges in either group developed hyperplasia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We showed increased tissue inflammation due to irritation by the smoke.
authors.affiliation: ENT Clinic, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: yavuzatar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yavuz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Atar
authors.affiliation: ENT Clinic, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ziya
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Salturk
authors.affiliation: ENT Clinic, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tolgar Lutfi
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Kumral
authors.affiliation: ENT Clinic, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yavuz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uyar
authors.affiliation: Pathology Clinic, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Caglar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cakir
authors.affiliation: ENT Clinic, Taskopru Government Hospital, Kastamonu, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gurcan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sunnetci
authors.affiliation: ENT Clinic, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Guler
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berkiten
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004564:Electrocoagulation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D007820:Laryngeal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D007827:Laryngitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D052016:Mucositis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D012906:Smoke
keywords: Electrocautery; Inflammation; Larynx; Metaplasia; Smoke