title: Prevalence and factors associated with the absence of pharmacologic venous thromboembolism prophylaxis: A cross-sectional study of Georgia intensive care units.
abstract: The need for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis is well accepted in the intensive care unit (ICU) and supported by a variety of guideline recommendations. Several studies have highlighted poor adherence to these recommendations, but it is unknown why this discrepancy exists. The aim of this study is assess the prevalence of pharmacoprophylaxis and characterize the practice of withholding prophylaxis.
  
  
  
  Multicenter, cross-sectional study conducted in adults admitted to a Georgia ICU at participating institutions on March 12, 2014. Data were collected on eligible patients regarding need for and omission of pharmacoprophylaxis.
  
  
  
  Three hundred sixty-four patients across 9 institutions were included in the study. Patients had a mean age of 58 years and a median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score of 5. Physical activity was completely bedridden or restricted in 87% of the cohort. Forty-five percent of patients were not receiving pharmacoprophylaxis. The most common reasons for withholding prophylaxis were receipt of mechanical prophylaxis, recent surgery or central nervous system bleed, and thrombocytopenia. Over 16% of the cohort was inappropriately not receiving thromboprophylaxis. Patients with an elevated international normalized ratio had lower odds of receiving prophylaxis (0.2).
  
  
  
  Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis is commonly omitted in ICU patients, and reasons for omission vary. An elevated international normalized ratio is associated with withholding of pharmacologic prophylaxis.
authors.affiliation: University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Albany, GA, USA; Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, Albany, GA, USA. Electronic address: hawkins@uga.edu.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland, Department of Anesthesiology, 22 South Greene Street, S11C00, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. Electronic address: mmazzeffi@anes.umm.edu.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazzeffi
authors.affiliation: Grady Health System, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Information, 80 Jesse Hill Jr Drive, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. Electronic address: pabraham@gmh.edu.
authors.forename: Prasad
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.affiliation: Emory University Hospital, Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Atlanta, GA, USA; Mercer University College of Pharmacy, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Electronic address: christopher.paciullo@emoryhealthcare.org.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paciullo
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003422:Critical Care; D019091:Critical Pathways; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005845:Georgia; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000592:standards*; D019934:International Normalized Ratio; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063305:Organ Dysfunction Scores; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants
keywords: Anticoagulants; Hemorrhage; Observational study; Prophylaxis; Thrombosis; Venous thromboembolism