title: Immunological characterization and expression of lily-type lectin in response to environmental stress in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus).
abstract: Lectins are a superfamily of carbohydrate-binding proteins that are widely distributed throughout living organisms. In earlier work, we identified lily-type lectin (SmLTL) in the skin mucus of turbot Scophthalmus maximus, and we characterized the protein in the present study. Results from qRT-PCR indicated that SmLTL was expressed highly in skin, intestine and gill tissue. Changes in SmLTL expression occurred in these tissues in response to environmental stressors including ciliate infection, high temperature and salinity. Recombinant SmLTL purified from Escherichia coli was able to haemagglutinate mouse erythrocytes in the absence of calcium, and was inhibited by d-mannose. In addition, SmLTL displayed selective binding to bacterial species including Edwardsiella tarda and Vibrio anguillarum, and exhibited toxicity towards Philasterides dicentrarchi, with a mortality of over 60% after 24 h at a concentration of only 100 μgml-1. To investigate this toxicity further, we measured binding of SmLTL after incubating the ciliate in FITC-SmLTL solution. Surface fluorescence decreased substantially in the presence of 400 mM d-mannose. Together these results suggest that lily-type lectins serve as the first line of defence against microbial attack and play a pivotal role in the mucosal immune system.
authors.affiliation: Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
authors.forename: Zhihui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China. Electronic address: maaj@ysfri.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Aijun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Ocean University of Shanghai, Shanghai, 201306, China.
authors.forename: Dandan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
authors.forename: Xinan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
authors.forename: Zhibin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Ocean University of Shanghai, Shanghai, 201306, China.
authors.forename: Xiaomei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.affiliation: Yantai Tianyuan Aquatic Limited Corporation, Yantai 264003, China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Yantai Tianyuan Aquatic Limited Corporation, Yantai 264003, China.
authors.forename: Jiangbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020609:Edwardsiella tarda / Q000502:physiology; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D005412:Flatfishes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D037102:Lectins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D016802:Oligohymenophorea / Q000502:physiology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000662:veterinary; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000276:immunology*; D014733:Vibrio / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D037102:Lectins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
keywords: Anti-Ciliate activity; Environmental stressors; Haemagglutinate; Lily-type lectins; Turbot