title: Levels of Interleukin 27 and Interleukin 35 in the Serum and Vitreous of Patients with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the role of interleukin 27(IL-27) and interleukin 35 (IL-35) in diabetic retinopathy (DR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with diabetes mellitus were divided into three groups: diabetes without retinopathy (DWR), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Patients with idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane (IMEM) were included as a control group. The serum and vitreous levels of IL-27 and IL-35 were measured using ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum levels of IL-27 (median 240.900 pg/mL, range 42.224 - 617.810 pg/mL; p < 0.001) and IL-35 (median 11.875 ng/mL, range 8.640 - 19.340 ng/mL; p < 0.001) were significantly decreased in PDR patients compared to controls (median 2712.310 pg/mL, range 1005.375-5786.877 pg/mL and median 25.185 ng/mL, range 22.845 - 29.590 ng/mL, respectively). The vitreous levels of IL-35 were significantly decreased in PDR patients (16.32 ± 3.24 ng/mL) compared to controls (24.54 ± 5.86 ng/mL, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum and vitreous levels of IL-35 and serum level of IL-27 may be associated with the pathogenesis of PDR.
authors.affiliation: a The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, and Chongqing Eye Institute , Chongqing , China.
authors.forename: Ai
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6501-4292
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: a The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, and Chongqing Eye Institute , Chongqing , China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: a The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, and Chongqing Eye Institute , Chongqing , China.
authors.forename: Xuedong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015861:Retinal Neovascularization / Q000097:blood*; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007378:Interleukins; C464565:MYDGF protein, human; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human; C532417:interleukin-35, human
keywords: Interleukin-27; immune response; inflammation; interleukin-35; proliferative diabetic retinopathy