title: Invariant polar bear habitat selection during a period of sea ice loss.
abstract: Climate change is expected to alter many species' habitat. A species' ability to adjust to these changes is partially determined by their ability to adjust habitat selection preferences to new environmental conditions. Sea ice loss has forced polar bears (Ursus maritimus) to spend longer periods annually over less productive waters, which may be a primary driver of population declines. A negative population response to greater time spent over less productive water implies, however, that prey are not also shifting their space use in response to sea ice loss. We show that polar bear habitat selection in the Chukchi Sea has not changed between periods before and after significant sea ice loss, leading to a 75% reduction of highly selected habitat in summer. Summer was the only period with loss of highly selected habitat, supporting the contention that summer will be a critical period for polar bears as sea ice loss continues. Our results indicate that bears are either unable to shift selection patterns to reflect new prey use patterns or that there has not been a shift towards polar basin waters becoming more productive for prey. Continued sea ice loss is likely to further reduce habitat with population-level consequences for polar bears.
authors.affiliation: US Fish and Wildlife Service, 1011 E Tudor Road, Anchorage, AK 99503, USA ryan_r_wilson@fws.gov.
authors.forename: Ryan R
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7740-7771
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: US Fish and Wildlife Service, 1011 E Tudor Road, Anchorage, AK 99503, USA.
authors.forename: Eric V
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4487-3105
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Regehr
authors.affiliation: US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA.
authors.forename: Karyn D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Rode
authors.affiliation: US Fish and Wildlife Service, 1011 E Tudor Road, Anchorage, AK 99503, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: St Martin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057231:Climate Change; D017753:Ecosystem; D046448:Ice Cover; D011157:Population Dynamics; D011235:Predatory Behavior; D012621:Seasons; D001503:Ursidae
keywords: climate change; habitat loss; habitat selection; polar bear; resource selection; sea ice