title: Enhancement and regulation effect of myrcene on antibody response in immunization with ovalbumin and Ag85B in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  MF59, which is an adjuvant belonging to C₃₀ member of the terpene family, is a T helper type-2 (Th2)-biased immune enhancer. Our previous studies showed that pyriproxyfen, a member of the terpene family with fewer carbon atoms (C₂₀) than MF59, enhanced active T helper type-1 (Th1)-biased immune responses.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to investigate the enhancement of antigen-specific immune responses by myrcene, a member of the terpene family with fewer carbon atoms (C₁₀) than pyriproxyfen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ovalbumin (OVA) was used as an antigen to determine the effects of myrcene on the immune response. The IgG subtypes and cytokines induced by immunization of OVA with or without myrcene were monitored. Thereafter, we determined the effects of myrcene in the immune response against Ag85B, which is a dominant protective antigen for tuberculosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that 0.8 mg/dose of myrcene enhanced antigen-specific total IgG immune response to OVA. Direct mixing of the antigen with myrcene was required for the enhancement of antibody production. Myrcene increased OVA-specific IgG2a titer, suggesting induction of Th1-immune response. The level of Th1 cytokines, IFN-γ was increased at 8 weeks after immunization, although IL-13 was also increased at the same time point. However, finally myrcene was found to increase Ag85B-specific total IgG titers at 5 weeks and specific IgG2a titer was increased at both 5 and 8 weeks. The results suggested that myrcene could enhance Th1 immune response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Myrcene enhanced specific immune responses against OVA and Ag85B. This study suggested the tendency of the enhancement of Th1 immune response by myrcene.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Saori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uyeda
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Tanjina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sharmin
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomomitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satho
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Irie
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
authors.forename: Mineo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosokawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hiramatsu
authors.affiliation: Daiichi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 22-1 Tamagawa-cho, Minami-Ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kashige
authors.affiliation: Daiichi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 22-1 Tamagawa-cho, Minami-Ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toda
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mishima
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Miake
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000217:Acyltransferases / Q000276:immunology; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000475:Alkenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000187:drug effects*; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000475:Alkenes; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D039821:Monoterpenes; C509595:myrcene; D010047:Ovalbumin; D000217:Acyltransferases; C121433:antigen 85B, Mycobacterium tuberculosis