title: Metabolic Abnormalities, But Not Metabolically Healthy Obesity, Are Associated with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obesity has been found to be a predictor of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). However, studies which divide obesity into metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) to study the effect of obesity on LVH have been rare. The present study aims to make clear the effects of various obese phenotypes and metabolic abnormalities on LVH.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 10,804 participants were involved in this cross-sectional study. "Obesity" and "metabolically healthy" were defined as BMI ≥ 25kg/m2and having none of the metabolic factors respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that metabolically unhealthy non-obesity (MUNO) (OR, 2.675; 95%CI, 1.603-4.462, P < 0.001) and MUO (OR, 9.067; 95%CI, 5.474-15.020, P<0.001) were significantly associated with LVH, while it went in reverse for MHO (OR, 1.968; 95%CI, 0.560-6.920, P=0.291), after adjustment for age, race, gender, educational status, physical activity, annual income, current smoking status, current drinking status, sleep duration and BMI. And after further adjustment for metabolic abnormalities, MUNO (OR, 0.567; 95%CI, 0.316-1.018, P=0.794) and MUO (OR, 0.632; 95%CI, 0.342-1.166, P=0.142) tended not to be associated with LVH any longer. However, among the five metabolic components of metabolic abnormalities, high blood pressure (OR, 4.358; 95%CI, 3.266-5.815, P<0.001) and high waist circumference (OR, 1.530; 95%CI, 1.139-2.054, P=0.005) were significantly associated with LVH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metabolic abnormalities, but not MHO, were significantly associated with LVH. In addition, metabolic abnormalities were probable to mediate the connection between MUNO/MUO and LVH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Naijin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yintao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaofan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Guozhe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Dongxue
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China. Electronic address: yxsun@mail.cmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yingxian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Cardiovascular risk; Left ventricular hypertrophy; Metabolic abnormalities; Metabolically healthy obesity