title: Quantitative Detection of Trace Malachite Green in Aquiculture Water Samples by Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry.
abstract: Exposure to malachite green (MG) may pose great health risks to humans; thus, it is of prime importance to develop fast and robust methods to quantitatively screen the presence of malachite green in water. Herein the application of extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS) has been extended to the trace detection of MG within lake water and aquiculture water, due to the intensive use of MG as a biocide in fisheries. This method has the advantage of obviating offline liquid-liquid extraction or tedious matrix separation prior to the measurement of malachite green in native aqueous medium. The experimental results indicate that the extrapolated detection limit for MG was ~3.8 μg·L(-1) (S/N = 3) in lake water samples and ~0.5 μg·L(-1) in ultrapure water under optimized experimental conditions. The signal intensity of MG showed good linearity over the concentration range of 10-1000 μg·L(-1). Measurement of practical water samples fortified with MG at 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mg·L(-1) gave a good validation of the established calibration curve. The average recoveries and relative standard deviation (RSD) of malachite green in lake water and Carassius carassius fish farm effluent water were 115% (6.64% RSD), 85.4% (9.17% RSD) and 96.0% (7.44% RSD), respectively. Overall, the established EESI-MS/MS method has been demonstrated suitable for sensitive and rapid (<2 min per sample) quantitative detection of malachite green in various aqueous media, indicating its potential for online real-time monitoring of real life samples.
authors.affiliation: Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China. fxw273@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China. shpyang@ecit.cn.
authors.forename: Shuiping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China. chingin.k@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Konstantin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chingin
authors.affiliation: Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China. liang.zhu1981@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China. leizi8586@126.com.
authors.forename: Xinglei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China. zzq@hitwh.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhiquan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China. zhaozhanfeng@hitwh.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhanfeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes / Q000032:analysis*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D014867:Water; C005095:malachite green
keywords: extractive electrospray ionization; malachite green; mass spectrometry; rapid detection; water