title: Using Impedance Spectroscopy to Assess the Viability of the Rapid Chloride Test for Determining Concrete Conductivity.
abstract: The suitability of using the initial current from the rapid chloride test (ASTM C 1202) to determine specimen conductivity is tested using impedance spectroscopy with a frequency spectrum of 10 Hz to 1 MHz. The specimen conductivity has an analytical relationship to specimen diffusivity and so is a useful quantity in service life prediction. Measurements made on specimens of different lengths indicate that the total charge passed during the six hour conduction test carried out according to ASTM C 1202 is not a direct measure of specimen conductivity. Further, ohmic heating during the 6 hour test makes it nearly impossible to directly measure any specimen transport property from the results. The total charge passed during the 6 hour conduction test is, therefore, not a reliable quantity for service life prediction. Results indicate that the direct current (dc) measurement of resistance using a voltage of 60 V is sufficient to overwhelm polarization effects, thereby yielding an accurate estimate of the true specimen conductivity. Impedance spectroscopy measurements also indicate that corrosion may form on the brass electrodes, adding bias to a conductivity estimate based upon a dc measurement.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8120.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8120.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferraris
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8120.
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Martys
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8120.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Garboczi
keywords: building technology; concrete; diffusivity; impedance spectroscopy; inductivity; rapid chloride test