title: Long working hours and overweight and obesity in working adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have identified a link between gender and the various risk factors associated with obesity. We examined obesity risk factors in working adults to identify the effects of differences in body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (PBF) between women and men.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1,120 adults agreed to participate in the study. Data from 711 participants, including 411 women and 300 men, were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the effects of risk factors on obesity and being overweight. In addition, the least-squares (LS) means of both BMI and PBF were estimated by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in a generalized linear model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increases in BMI and PBF were significantly related to an age > 50 years and long working hours in women after compensating for confounding factors. Using the PBF criterion, the odds ratio (OR) of being overweight or obese in women > 50 years of age who worked for > 9 h a day was 3.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-11.00). For BMI, women who were > 50 years of age and worked for > 9 h a day were 3.82 times (95% CI, 1.31-11.14) more likely to be overweight or obese than those who were < 50 years of age and worked for < 9 h a day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obesity in working adults was associated with > 50 years of age and long working hours in women. Further studies are needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of this relationship and its potential implications for the prevention and management of excess weight and obesity.
authors.affiliation: National cancer control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea.
authors.forename: Byung-Mi
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Research Division, Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Bo-Eun
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Sook
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Inha University Hospital and Center for Advanced Medical Education by BK21 project, College of Medicine, Inha University, Shinheung-dong 3ga, Chung-gu, Incheon, Korea ; Chronic Diseases Research Division, Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.affiliation: Worker Health Protection Division, Occupational safety and health Bureau, Ministry of labor Government Complex III, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Youn
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Hee
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Ha
keywords: Age; Body mass index; Long working hours; Percentage body fat; Women