title: Protective effects of kolaviron and gallic acid against cobalt-chloride-induced cardiorenal dysfunction via suppression of oxidative stress and activation of the ERK signaling pathway.
abstract: Cobalt (Co) toxicity is a potential public health problem due to recent renewed use of Co in orthopedic implants, dietary supplements, and blood doping in athletes and horses. We investigated the protective roles of kolaviron (KV), a bi-flavonoid of Garcinia kola, and gallic acid (GA) on cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-induced cardiorenal damage in rats. CoCl2caused significant increases (p < 0.05) in serum creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST), xanthine oxidase (XO), urea, creatinine, malondialdehyde, H2O2, nitric oxide, as well as C-reactive protein expression, along with significant (p < 0.05) reduction in cardiac and renal expression of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase. KV and GA prevented the toxic effects of CoCl2by stimulating ERK expression and reversing Co-induced biochemical changes. Administration of CoCl2alone did not significantly alter ECG patterns in the rats, although co-treatment with KV (200 mg/kg) produced QT-segment prolongation and also appeared to potentiate Co hypotension. Histopathology of the heart and kidneys of rats treated with KV and GA confirmed the biochemical data. KV and GA thus protected against cardiac and renal damage in Co intoxication via antioxidant and (or) cell survival mechanisms, possibly involving ERK activation.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, 900001 Nigeria.
authors.forename: Akinleye Stephen
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Akinrinde
authors.affiliation: b Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, 900001 Nigeria.
authors.forename: Olutayo
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Omobowale
authors.affiliation: a Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, 900001 Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ademola
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oyagbemi
authors.affiliation: c Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Benin, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ebunoluwa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Asenuga
authors.affiliation: a Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, 900001 Nigeria.
authors.forename: Temitayo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ajibade
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003035:Cobalt / Q000633:toxicity*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D029763:Garcinia kola; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012639:Seeds
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D003035:Cobalt; D005707:Gallic Acid; C018021:cobaltous chloride; C045492:kolaviron
keywords: ECG; ERK; acide gallique; cobalt; cœur; gallic acid; heart; kidneys; kolaviron; oxidative stress; reins; stress oxydatif