title: The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adults With ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
abstract: Objective:To systematically review the literature on published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for adult ADHD and to establish the effectiveness of CBT in reducing ADHD symptoms.Method:A systematic review of nine RCTs and two subsequent meta-analyses of eight of the studies were conducted.Results:Just nine studies were identified, of generally good quality but with some limitations. Four trials (totalN= 160) compared CBT with waiting list controls, and three trials (totalN= 191) compared CBT with appropriate active control groups. Meta-analyses showed that CBT was superior to waiting list with a moderate to large effect size (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.21, 1.31],p= .006) and superior to active control groups with a small to moderate effect size (SMD = 0.43, 95% CI [0.14, 0.71],p= .004).Conclusion:These results give support to the efficacy of CBT in reducing symptoms of ADHD post-intervention.
authors.affiliation: The University of Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Zoe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: University of Lincoln, UK.
authors.forename: Nima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moghaddam
authors.affiliation: The University of Nottingham, UK.|Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tickle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D014850:Waiting Lists
keywords: ADHD; CBT; RCT; meta-analysis; systematic review