title: Cast Tube Assay: A 3-D in vitro assay for visualization and quantification of horizontal chemotaxis and cellular invasion.
abstract: Directed cell motility, as controlled by soluble factors, is crucial for many biological processes, including development, cancer progression, and wound healing. The use of directed cell motility also shows promise for applications in regenerative medicine such as therapeutic angiogenesis. Unfortunately, current in vitro 3-D migration and invasion models limit our understanding and application of these processes. Here, we present a novel and cost-effective 3-D chemotaxis assay for assessing the invasive response of cells to a chemoattractant extracellular matrix (ECM). Our system takes advantage of a custom-casting chamber to set two gels in contact with each other along a defined front, one containing a suitable chemoattractant and the other the cells. Rotation of the chamber allows easy visualization of invasion across the interface. The effectiveness of the assay was demonstrated by studying the invasion of both human dermal fibroblasts (FBs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) into a polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel containing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Incorporation of bFGF resulted in significantly increased and directional invasion for both cell groups.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Unit, Chris Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Department of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Breffeni Constantine
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Whitehead
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Unit, Chris Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Department of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Deon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bezuidenhout
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Unit, Chris Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Department of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chokoza
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Unit, Chris Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Department of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Neil Hamer
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Unit, Chris Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Department of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Kyle Peter
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Goetsch
mesh_terms: D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D054443:Cell Migration Assays / Q000379:methods*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000502:physiology*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D008954:Models, Biological; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate
keywords: cellular invasion; chemotaxis; hydrogel; three-dimensional (3-D) in vitro assay