title: A two-short-implant-supported molar restoration in atrophic posterior maxilla: A finite element analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the stress distribution of 2-short implants (2SIs) installed in a severely atrophic maxillary molar site.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three different diameters of internal connection implants were modeled: narrow platform (NP), regular platform (RP), and wide platform (WP). The maxillary first molars were restored with one implant or two short implants. Three 2SI models (NP-oblique, NP-vertical, and NP-horizontal) and four single implant models (RP and WP in a centered or cantilevered position) were used. Axial and oblique loadings were applied on the occlusal surface of the crown. The von Mises stress values were measured at the bone-implant, peri-implant bone, and implant/abutment complex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest stress distribution at the bone-implant interface and the peri-implant bone was noticed in the RP group, and the lowest stress distribution was observed in the 2SI groups. Cantilevered position showed unfavorable stress distribution with axial loading. 2SI types did not affect the stress distribution in oblique loading. The number and installation positions of the implant, rather than the bone level, influenced the stress distribution of 2SIs. The implant/abutment complex of WP presented the highest stress concentration while that of 2SIs showed the lowest stress concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  2SIs may be useful for achieving stable stress distribution on the surrounding bone and implant-abutment complex in the atrophic posterior maxilla.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea.; Ye-Dental Clinic, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ho-Yong
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5527-7635
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon-Hyuk
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4072-5199
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chan-Jin
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4734-214X
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Lee-Ra
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3989-2870
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Cho
keywords: Bone level; Finite element analysis; Implant diameter; Short implant