title: Major methylation alterations on the CpG markers of inflammatory immune associated genes after IVIG treatment in Kawasaki disease.
abstract: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an autoimmune disease preferentially attacking children younger than five years worldwide. So far, the principal treatment to KD is the administration of Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Although DNA methylation plays important regulation roles in diseases, few studies investigated the regulation roles of DNA methylation in KD.
  
  
  
  In this study, we focused not only on the DNA methylation alterations resulted from KD onset but also on DNA methylation alterations resulted from IVIG administration. To do so, we investigated the effects of KD's onset and IVIG administration on CpG marker's methylation alterations.
  
  
  
  We first found that DNA methylation alterations reflecting disease onset or IVIG administration are contributed mainly by the CpG markers on autosomes. In addition, we also demonstrated that some CpG markers carry methylation alteration among samples, forcing the expression abundance of the downstream genes to be also altered and negatively correlated with methylation profile. Finally, compared with KD's onset, IVIG administration brings stronger impact on methylation alteration. And, such alterations were conducted mainly by hyper-methylating CpG markers, forcing the corresponding genes to keep lower expression levels. Moreover, the genes regulated by the altered CpG markers with IVIG administration are enriched in the pathways associated with inflammatory immune response.
  
  
  
  In summary, our result provides researchers with another way into the regulation mechanism through which IVIG represses excessive inflammatory responses.
authors.affiliation: Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sung-Chou
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Wen-Ching
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.123, Dapi Rd, Niaosong Distict, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.|Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.123, Dapi Rd, Niaosong Distict, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ying-Hsien
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.123, Dapi Rd, Niaosong Distict, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.|Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.123, Dapi Rd, Niaosong Distict, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mindy Ming-Huey
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.123, Dapi Rd, Niaosong Distict, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.|Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.123, Dapi Rd, Niaosong Distict, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hong-Ren
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.123, Dapi Rd, Niaosong Distict, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.|Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.123, Dapi Rd, Niaosong Distict, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Fu-Chen
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsing-Chun
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.123, Dapi Rd, Niaosong Distict, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan. erickuo48@yahoo.com.tw.|Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.123, Dapi Rd, Niaosong Distict, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan. erickuo48@yahoo.com.tw.
authors.forename: Ho-Chang
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kuo
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000235:genetics*; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000276:immunology*; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics; D009080:Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous
keywords: CpG marker; DNA methylation; Intravenous immunoglobulin; Kawasaki disease; Methylation alteration