title: Evaluation of microtensile and tensile bond strength tests determining effects of erbium, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser pulse frequency on resin-enamel bonding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to compare two different bond strength test methods (tensile and microtensile) in investing the influence of erbium, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er, Cr: YSGG) laser pulse frequency on resin-enamel bonding.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-hundred and twenty-five bovine incisors were used in the present study. Two test methods were used: Tensile bond strength (TBS; n = 20) and micro-TBS (μTBS; n = 5). Those two groups were further split into three subgroups according to Er, Cr: YSGG laser frequency (20, 35, and 50 Hz). Following adhesive procedures, microhybrid composite was placed in a custom-made bonding jig for TBS testing and incrementally for μTBS testing. TBS and μTBS tests were carried out using a universal testing machine and a microtensile tester, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of TBS results showed that means were not significantly different. For μTBS, the Laser-50 Hz group showed the highest bond strength (P < 0.05), and increasing frequency significantly increased bond strength (P < 0.05). Comparing the two tests, the μTBS results showed higher means and lower standard deviations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was demonstrated that increasing μTBS pulse frequency significantly improved immediate bond strength while TBS showed no significant effect. It can, therefore, be concluded that test method may play a significant role in determining optimum laser parameters for resin bonding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentsitry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentsitry, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ayar
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentsitry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yesilyurt
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics Dentistry, Faculty of Dentsitry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kilic
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002857:Chromium; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004871:Erbium; D007180:Incisor / Q000528:radiation effects; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State; D013718:Tensile Strength / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D002857:Chromium; D004871:Erbium