title: Nasal Reconstruction: Extending the Limits.
abstract: Reconstructing the 3-dimensional structure of the nose requires the maintenance of its aesthetic form and function. Restoration of the correct dimension, projection, skin quality, symmetrical contour, and function remains problematic. Consequently, modern approaches of nasal reconstruction aim at rebuilding the units rather than just covering the defect. However, revising or redoing a failed or insufficient reconstruction remains very challenging and requires experience and creativity. Here, we present a very particular case with a male patient, who underwent 37 operations elsewhere and presented with a failed nasal reconstruction. We describe and illustrate the complex steps of the nasal rereconstruction, including the reconstruction of the forehead donor site, surgical delay procedures for lining, and the coverage with a third paramedian forehead flap.
authors.affiliation: Department of Facial Plastic Surgery, Marienhospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany; and Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Farid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rezaeian
authors.affiliation: Department of Facial Plastic Surgery, Marienhospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany; and Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Corsten
authors.affiliation: Department of Facial Plastic Surgery, Marienhospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany; and Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haack
authors.affiliation: Department of Facial Plastic Surgery, Marienhospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany; and Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Wolfgang M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Gubisch
authors.affiliation: Department of Facial Plastic Surgery, Marienhospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany; and Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fischer