title: Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Mycoplasma sp. 1220 strains isolated from geese in Hungary.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mycoplasma sp. 1220 can induce inflammation primarily in the genital and respiratory tracts of waterfowl, leading to serious economic losses. Adequate housing and appropriate antibiotic treatment are promoted in the control of the disease. The aim of the present study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility to thirteen different antibiotics and an antibiotic combination of thirty-eight M. sp. 1220 strains isolated from geese and a duck in several parts of Hungary, Central Europe between 2011 and 2015.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High MIC50 values were observed in the cases of tilmicosin (>64 μg/ml), oxytetracycline (64 μg/ml), norfloxacin (>10 μg/ml) and difloxacin (10 μg/ml). The examined strains yielded the same MIC50 values with spectinomycin, tylosin and florfenicol (8 μg/ml), while enrofloxacin (MIC50 5 μg/ml), doxycycline (MIC50 5 μg/ml), lincomycin (MIC50 4 μg/ml) and lincomycin-spectinomycin (1:2) combination (MIC50 4 μg/ml) inhibited the growth of the bacteria with lower concentrations. Tylvalosin (MIC50 0.5 μg/ml) and two pleuromutilins (tiamulin MIC50 0.625 μg/ml; valnemulin MIC50 ≤ 0.039 μg/ml) were found to be the most effective drugs against M. sp. 1220. However, strains with elevated MIC values were detected for all applied antibiotics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Valnemulin, tiamulin and tylvalosin were found to be the most effective antibiotics in the study. Increasing resistance was observed in the cases of several antibiotics. The results highlight the importance of testing Mycoplasma species for antibiotic susceptibility before therapy.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária körút 21, Budapest, 1143, Hungary.
authors.forename: Dénes
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grózner
authors.affiliation: Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária körút 21, Budapest, 1143, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zsuzsa
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kreizinger
authors.affiliation: Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária körút 21, Budapest, 1143, Hungary.
authors.forename: Kinga M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Sulyok
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, P.O. Box 21581, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zsuzsanna
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rónai
authors.affiliation: Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária körút 21, Budapest, 1143, Hungary.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hrivnák
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, P.O. Box 21581, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ibolya
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Turcsányi
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, P.O. Box 21581, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Szilárd
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jánosi
authors.affiliation: Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária körút 21, Budapest, 1143, Hungary. m.gyuranecz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Miklós
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gyuranecz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004372:Ducks; D005777:Geese; D006814:Hungary; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009174:Mycoplasma / Q000187:drug effects*; D009175:Mycoplasma Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Duck; Goose; MIC; Microbroth dilution; Mycoplasma sp. 1220