title: Effects of Auricular Acupressure Therapy on Primary Dysmenorrhea for Female High School Students in South Korea.
abstract: To examine the effect of auricular acupressure therapy on primary dysmenorrhea among female high school students in South Korea.
  
  
  
  A randomized controlled trial was employed.
  
  
  
  The study sample consisted of 91 female high school students, with 45 participants in the experimental group and 46 in the control group in two regions of South Korea. The average age of the participants was 16.7 years, and the average age of menarche was 12.2 years. Auricular acupressure therapy including an auricular acupressure needle on skin paper tape was applied on an ear for 3 days during periods of extreme primary dysmenorrhea. The acupoint names were Jagung, Sinmun, Gyogam, and Naebunbi. For the placebo control group, only the skin paper tape without an auricular acupressure needle was applied on the same acupoints. Measures used were the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire to assess primary dysmenorrhea, and the visual analog scale to assess abdominal and back pain of participants.
  
  
  
  There were significant differences on abdominal pain (t = 24.594, p < .001), back pain (t = 22.661, p < .001), and primary dysmenorrhea (t = 32.187, p < .001) between the two groups. Auricular acupressure therapy decreased abdominal pain, back pain, and primary dysmenorrhea of female high school students in South Korea.
  
  
  
  Auricular acupressure therapy was an effective intervention for alleviating abdominal pain, back pain, and primary dysmenorrhea of female high school students in South Korea. For feasibility of the auricular acupressure therapy in practice, it is needed to train and learn the exact positions of acupoints in ear.
  
  
  
  Health providers should consider providing auricular acupressure therapy as an alternative method for reducing abdominal and back pain, and primary dysmenorrhea in female high school students in South Korea.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, Andong National University, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Nam Hyun
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.affiliation: Professor, College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 5977sok@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sohyune R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Sok
mesh_terms: D019050:Acupressure; D015669:Acupuncture Points; D000293:Adolescent; D004412:Dysmenorrhea / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010147:Pain Measurement; D056910:Republic of Korea; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Auricular acupressure; dysmenorrhea; nursing; student