title: Day care PNL using 'Santosh-PGI hemostatic seal' versus standard PNL: A randomized controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To compare the outcomes of tubeless day care PNL using hemostatic seal in the access tract versus standard PNL.
  
  
  METHODS
  It was a prospective randomized controlled study. Cases were randomized to either the day care group with hemostatic seal (DCS) or the control group where patients were admitted and a nephrostomy tube was placed at the conclusion of surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 180 cases were screened and out of these, 113 were included in the final analysis. The stone clearance rates were comparable in both the groups. The mean drop in hemoglobin was significantly lower in DCS group than the control group (1.05 ±0.68 vs. 1.30 ±0.58 gm/dl, p = 0.038).Mean postoperative pain score, analgesic requirement (paracetamol) and duration of hospital stay were also significantly lower in the DCS group (3.79 ±1.23 vs. 6.12 ±0.96, 1.48 ±0.50 vs. 4.09 ±1.11 grams and 0.48 ±0.26 vs. 4.74 ±1.53 days respectively; p <0.05). The incidence of urine leakage through the access tract site was significantly lower in the DCS subgroup when compared to the controls (3.6% vs. 21.1%, p <0.05). Cases in the DCS group resumed their normal activities in a significantly shorter time (8.05 ±3.05 vs.18.42 ±4.42 days; p <0.05). Higher proportion of cases in the DCS group got re-admitted, although it was not a statistically significant number (7.1% vs. 1.8%; p = 0.21).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tubeless day care PNL with composite hemostatic tract seal is considered safe. It resulted in a significant reduction of blood loss and analgesic requirement with significantly reduced hospital stay, nephrostomy tube site morbidity and time required to resume normal activity when compared to the standard PNL. However, patients must be compliant with the given instructions and should have access to a health care facility, as few of them may need re-admission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Santosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Shivanshu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Prashant
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Shrawan Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Singh
keywords: day care PNL; hemostatic seal; tubeless PNL