title: Molecular Targeted Fluorescence-Guided Intraoperative Imaging of Bladder Cancer Nodal Drainage Using Indocyanine Green During Radical and Partial Cystectomy.
abstract: Optical imaging is a relatively inexpensive, fast, and sensitive addition to a surgeon's arsenal for the non-invasive detection of malignant dissemination. Optical cameras in the near infrared spectrum are able to successfully identify injected indocyanine green in lymphatic channels and sentinel lymph nodes. The use of this technology is now being used in the operating room to help with lymph node dissection and improve the prognosis of patients diagnosed with muscle invasive bladder cancer. Indocyanine green has the potential for many more applications due to its versatility. In the future, there is a potential to use it for lymphangiography during nephroureterctomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma, adrenal surgery for partial or radical adrenalectomy. Further investigations at multiple centers will validate this technique and its efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. Manpatel@wakehealth.edu.
authors.forename: Manish N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
authors.forename: Ashok K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Hemal
mesh_terms: D004396:Coloring Agents; D015653:Cystectomy; D004322:Drainage; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods; D061848:Optical Imaging; D000071036:Sentinel Lymph Node / Q000473:pathology*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green
keywords: Imaging; Indocyanine green; Optical imaging; Surgery