title: Cellulases immobilization on chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles: application for Agave Atrovirens lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis.
abstract: In the present study, Trichoderma reesei cellulase was covalently immobilized on chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles using glutaraldehyde as a coupling agent. The average diameter of magnetic nanoparticles before and after enzyme immobilization was about 8 and 10 nm, respectively. The immobilized enzyme retained about 37 % of its initial activity, and also showed better thermal and storage stability than free enzyme. Immobilized cellulase retained about 80 % of its activity after 15 cycles of carboxymethylcellulose hydrolysis and was easily separated with the application of an external magnetic field. However, in this reaction, Kmwas increased eight times. The immobilized enzyme was able to hydrolyze lignocellulosic material from Agave atrovirens leaves with yield close to the amount detected with free enzyme and it was re-used in vegetal material conversion up to four cycles with 50 % of activity decrease. This provides an opportunity to reduce the enzyme consumption during lignocellulosic material saccharification for bioethanol production.
authors.affiliation: Nanobioscience Group and Food Research Department, Chemistry Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Blvd. V. Carranza e Ing. J. Cárdenas, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jaquelina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Ramírez
authors.affiliation: Nanobioscience Group and Food Research Department, Chemistry Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Blvd. V. Carranza e Ing. J. Cárdenas, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Martínez-Hernández
authors.affiliation: Nanobioscience Group and Food Research Department, Chemistry Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Blvd. V. Carranza e Ing. J. Cárdenas, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Segura-Ceniceros
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Applied Chemistry (CIQA), Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, 25250, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: López
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Applied Chemistry (CIQA), Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, 25250, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.
authors.forename: Hened
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saade
authors.affiliation: Animal Nutrition Department, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Calzada Antonio Narro, Buenavista, 25000, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Medina-Morales
authors.affiliation: CONACYT-Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Blvd. V. Carranza e Ing. J. Cárdenas, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramos-González
authors.affiliation: Nanobioscience Group and Food Research Department, Chemistry Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Blvd. V. Carranza e Ing. J. Cárdenas, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.
authors.forename: Cristóbal N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.affiliation: Nanobioscience Group and Food Research Department, Chemistry Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Blvd. V. Carranza e Ing. J. Cárdenas, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. anna_ilina@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ilyina
mesh_terms: D027882:Agave / Q000737:chemistry*; D018533:Biomass; D044602:Cellulases / Q000737:chemistry*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry*; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; C036909:lignocellulose; D008031:Lignin; D048271:Chitosan; D044602:Cellulases
keywords: Agave atrovirens; Cellulase covalent immobilization; Cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis; Iron oxide superparamagnetic nanoparticles