title: DNA Damage Assessment in Zebrafish Embryos Exposed to Monceren(®) 250 SC Fungicide Using the Alkaline Comet Assay.
abstract: Monceren 250 SC is a commercial fungicide with the active ingredient 1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1-(cyclopentyl)-3-phenylurea, also known as pencycuron. This compound inhibits the growth of fungi as Rhizoctonia solani that invades potato, rice, and cotton or as Pellicularia spp, which contaminates lettuce and tomato crops. In this study, we assessed genotoxicity or DNA damage by the alkaline comet assay in zebrafish blastula-stage embryos exposed to 250 to 1250 μg/mL of the Monceren fungicide or to Bleomycin (0.25 μg/mL) used as a positive control. Additionally, survival and spontaneous movement were monitored in embryos after exposure to different concentrations of fungicide. DNA damage was evaluated using three genotoxicity parameters of the alkaline comet assay: tail length, tail moment, and tail intensity. We found that Monceren 250 SC fungicide induces DNA damage, as shown by significant increases in the three genotoxicity parameters in zebrafish embryos compared with control embryos nonexposed to Monceren. Tail intensity was the more accurate parameter to evaluate genotoxicity levels in zebrafish embryos. At 48 h after exposure to the fungicide, the survival rate of larvae-embryos was reduced to 40-45%. This study shows that the Monceren 250 SC fungicide exerts genotoxic effects in zebrafish during early stages of development.
authors.affiliation: 1 Genotoxicología Ambiental, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán , Ciudad de Mexico, México .
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ku-Centurión
authors.affiliation: 1 Genotoxicología Ambiental, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán , Ciudad de Mexico, México .
authors.forename: Berenyce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: González-Marín
authors.affiliation: 1 Genotoxicología Ambiental, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán , Ciudad de Mexico, México .
authors.forename: María C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Calderón-Ezquerro
authors.affiliation: 2 Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Occidente , Boulevard Macario Gaxiola, Carretera Internacional, Los Mochis, México .
authors.forename: María C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Martínez-Valenzuela
authors.affiliation: 3 EvoDevo Lab, Unidad de Sistemas Arrecifales, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Puerto Morelos, México .
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maldonado
authors.affiliation: 1 Genotoxicología Ambiental, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán , Ciudad de Mexico, México .
authors.forename: María E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Calderón-Segura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical