title: Topographic Anatomy of the Inferior Medial Palpebral Artery and Its Relevance to the Pretarsal Roll Augmentation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A detailed analysis of the topography of the inferior medial palpebral artery is needed to optimize the safety and efficacy of pretarsal roll augmentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one hemifaces from 13 Korean and 8 Thai cadavers (15 male and six female cadavers) were dissected. The distributions of the inferior medial palpebral artery were determined with respect to the superior medial palpebral artery and the supratrochlear artery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four distribution patterns were observed. The inferior and superior medial palpebral arteries branched individually from the ophthalmic artery, with the ophthalmic artery terminating as the supratrochlear artery on the forehead (type I); a short trunk branched from the ophthalmic artery and divided into the inferior medial palpebral artery and superior medial palpebral artery, and the ophthalmic artery terminated as the supratrochlear artery (type II); the inferior and superior medial palpebral arteries arose together from the ophthalmic artery, and the ophthalmic artery terminated as the supratrochlear artery (type III); or the inferior and superior medial palpebral arteries were the terminal branches of the ophthalmic artery, with the supratrochlear artery arising from the angular artery (type IV). The diameter of the artery was 0.94 ± 0.22 mm at the entry point and 0.37 ± 0.11 mm at the lateral canthus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inferior medial palpebral artery was located along the tarsal plate deep to the pretarsal part of the orbicularis oculi in the lower eyelid. Injections to augment the pretarsal roll should be made between the subcutaneous tissue and this pretarsal part of the orbicularis oculi.
authors.affiliation: Seoul, Republic of Korea; and Bangkok, Thailand.|From the Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry; and the Chula Soft Cadaver Surgical Training Center and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University.
authors.forename: Li-Yao
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Cong
authors.affiliation: Seoul, Republic of Korea; and Bangkok, Thailand.|From the Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry; and the Chula Soft Cadaver Surgical Training Center and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University.
authors.forename: Sang-Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Seoul, Republic of Korea; and Bangkok, Thailand.|From the Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry; and the Chula Soft Cadaver Surgical Training Center and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University.
authors.forename: Tanvaa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tansatit
authors.affiliation: Seoul, Republic of Korea; and Bangkok, Thailand.|From the Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry; and the Chula Soft Cadaver Surgical Training Center and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University.
authors.forename: Kyung-Seok
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Seoul, Republic of Korea; and Bangkok, Thailand.|From the Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry; and the Chula Soft Cadaver Surgical Training Center and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University.
authors.forename: Hee-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001158:Arteries / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D044466:Asian People; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D000067548:Dermal Fillers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000098:blood supply*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000067548:Dermal Fillers