title: The gut-skin axis in health and disease: A paradigm with therapeutic implications.
abstract: As crucial interface organs gut and skin have much in common. Therefore it is unsurprising that several gut pathologies have skin co-morbidities. Nevertheless, the reason for this remains ill explored, and neither mainstream gastroenterology nor dermatology research have systematically investigated the 'gut-skin axis'. Here, in reviewing the field, we propose several mechanistic levels on which gut and skin may interact under physiological and pathological circumstances. We focus on the gut microbiota, with its huge metabolic capacity, and the role of dietary components as potential principle actors along the gut-skin axis. We suggest that metabolites from either the diet or the microbiota are skin accessible. After defining open key questions around the nature of these metabolites, how they are sensed, and which cutaneous changes they can induce, we propose that understanding of these pathways will lead to novel therapeutic strategies based on targeting one organ to improve the health of the other.
authors.affiliation: Dermatology Research Centre, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK. catherine.a.oneill@manchester.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Monteleone
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Research Centre, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.affiliation: Dermatology Research Centre, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK.|Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paus
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: diet; gut; microbiota; probiotic; skin