title: Diclofenac rectal suppository: an effective modality for perineal pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of perineal pain after childbirth after a single dose of diclofenac rectal suppository.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study was conducted at Shaikh Zayed Women Hospital, Larkana, Pakistan, from April to September 2014, and comprised patients who were admitted to the labour room for normal vaginal delivery. A single dose of rectal diclofenac suppository of 100mg was given to the patients delivered vaginally or by second-stage emergency Caesarean section. Post-partum pain was noted after 12 and 24 hours of the administration of analgesia. SPSS 16 was used for data analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 169 subjects, 63(37.28%) were aged 20 years or less, 85(50.3%) between 21 and 30 years, and 21(12.43%) between 31 and 40 years. Frequency of perineal pain was predominantly mild in 95(56%) patients, moderate in 60(35.5%) and severe in 14(8.28%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory rectal suppositories was found to be a simple and highly effective modality of reducing the perineal pain.
authors.affiliation: Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shabnam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naz
authors.affiliation: Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Naila Yousuf
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Memon
authors.affiliation: Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Asma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sattar
authors.affiliation: Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Rafia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baloch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002585:Cesarean Section; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004841:Episiotomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D022125:Lacerations; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010502:Perineum / Q000293:injuries*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013488:Suppositories; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D013488:Suppositories; D004008:Diclofenac
keywords: Perineal pain, Rectal analgesic, Diclofenac rectal suppository, Vaginal birth.