title: Coping with copper: legacy effect of copper on potential activity of soil bacteria following a century of exposure.
abstract: Copper has been intensively used in industry and agriculture since mid-18(th) century and is currently accumulating in soils. We investigated the diversity of potential active bacteria by 16S rRNA gene transcript amplicon sequencing in a temperate grassland soil subjected to century-long exposure to normal (∼15 mg kg(-1)), high (∼450 mg kg(-1)) or extremely high (∼4500 mg kg(-1)) copper levels. Results showed that bioavailable copper had pronounced impacts on the structure of the transcriptionally active bacterial community, overruling other environmental factors (e.g. season and pH). As copper concentration increased, bacterial richness and evenness were negatively impacted, while distinct communities with an enhanced relative abundance of Nitrospira and Acidobacteria members and a lower representation of Verrucomicrobia, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were selected. Our analysis showed the presence of six functional response groups (FRGs), each consisting of bacterial taxa with similar tolerance response to copper. Furthermore, the use of FRGs revealed that specific taxa like the genus Nitrospira and several Acidobacteria groups could accurately predict the copper legacy burden in our system, suggesting a potential promising role as bioindicators of copper contamination in soils.
authors.affiliation: Section of Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Building 1, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Inês
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.affiliation: Section of Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Building 1, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark samjqd@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jacquiod
authors.affiliation: Section of Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Building 1, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Asker
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brejnrod
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences (PLEN), University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Peter E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Holm
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences (PLEN), University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kristian K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.affiliation: Section of Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Building 1, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Priemé
authors.affiliation: Section of Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Building 1, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Søren J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Sørensen
mesh_terms: D061271:Acidobacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D039903:Actinobacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism*; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D064307:Microbiota / Q000235:genetics*; D020560:Proteobacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012987:Soil; D003300:Copper
keywords: PLFA; RNA; bioavailable copper; bioindicator; diversity; functional response group