title: Seascape genomics provides evidence for thermal adaptation and current-mediated population structure in American lobster (Homarus americanus).
abstract: Investigating how environmental features shape the genetic structure of populations is crucial for understanding how they are potentially adapted to their habitats, as well as for sound management. In this study, we assessed the relative importance of spatial distribution, ocean currents and sea surface temperature (SST) on patterns of putatively neutral and adaptive genetic variation among American lobster from 19 locations using population differentiation (PD) approaches combined with environmental association (EA) analyses. First, PD approaches (using bayescan, arlequin and outflank) found 28 outlier SNPs putatively under divergent selection and 9770 neutral SNPs in common. Redundancy analysis revealed that spatial distribution, ocean current-mediated larval connectivity and SST explained 31.7% of the neutral genetic differentiation, with ocean currents driving the majority of this relationship (21.0%). After removing the influence of spatial distribution, no SST were significant for putatively neutral genetic variation whereas minimum annual SST still had a significant impact and explained 8.1% of the putatively adaptive genetic variation. Second, EA analyses (using Pearson correlation tests, bayescenv and lfmm) jointly identified seven SNPs as candidates for thermal adaptation. Covariation at these SNPs was assessed with a spatial multivariate analysis that highlighted a significant temperature association, after accounting for the influence of spatial distribution. Among the 505 candidate SNPs detected by at least one of the three approaches, we discovered three polymorphisms located in genes previously shown to play a role in thermal adaptation. Our results have implications for the management of the American lobster and provide a foundation on which to predict how this species will cope with climate change.
authors.affiliation: Departement de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand 1030, Avenue de la Médecine Québec, Québec, Canada, G1V 0A6. laura.benestan@icloud.com.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Benestan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, P.O. Box 5050, Saint John, NB, Canada, E2L 4L5.
authors.forename: Brady K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.affiliation: Institut de Biologie Integrative et des Systemes (IBIS), Pavillon Charles-Eugène Marchand, 1030, Avenue de la Médecine Québec, Québec, Canada, G1V 0A6.
authors.forename: Halim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maaroufi
authors.affiliation: Departement de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand 1030, Avenue de la Médecine Québec, Québec, Canada, G1V 0A6.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laporte
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada, C1A 4P3.|AVC Lobster Science Centre, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada, C1A 4P3.
authors.forename: Fraser K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada, C1A 4P3.|AVC Lobster Science Centre, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada, C1A 4P3.
authors.forename: Spencer J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Greenwood
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, P.O. Box 5050, Saint John, NB, Canada, E2L 4L5.
authors.forename: Rémy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rochette
authors.affiliation: Departement de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand 1030, Avenue de la Médecine Québec, Québec, Canada, G1V 0A6.
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bernatchez
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005828:Genetics, Population; D023281:Genomics; D008957:Models, Genetic; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D008121:Nephropidae / Q000235:genetics*; D009656:North America; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D062206:Spatial Analysis; D013696:Temperature; D014872:Water Movements
keywords: RADseq; candidate gene; larval dispersal; marine invertebrate; seascape genetics; thermal adaptation