title: The Implementation of Elaborative Feedback for Qualitative Improvement of Shade Matching-A Randomized Study.
abstract: The objective of this prospective learning research study is to examine the impact of structured elaborative feedback in practical skills teaching of visual and digital shade matching.
  
  
  
  A total of 60 preclinical dental students participated in the study. The mean average age was 23 years, of which 37 were female (61.7%) and 23 male (38.3%). The participants were randomly divided into a study and control group (n = 30 each). Recording of shade matching was carried out on the phantom patient using clinically simulated settings with elaborative feedback in the study group (T1). Nine items were recorded for visual shade matching and six items for digital shade-taking. The errors were coded. The lower the total (max. 30 points), the fewer the errors made by students during shade determination. The subject labeled the tooth color using VITA 3D-Master and VITA Easyshade (Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany).
  
  
  
  On comparing the two groups, the study group and the control group showed a similar mean error value at reference time T1. After intervention (T2) it was possible to achieve a clear improvement in the rate of errors for study group. In the study group there was a significant difference between the ΔE values from time T1 and T2 of visual shade matching (p <0.05). The digital ΔE values show in total no significant changes.
  
  
  
  Elaborative feedback in conjunction with standardized checklists can lead to a substantial improvement among students in terms of visual shade matching.
  
  
  
  Correctly determining the tooth shade is an essential treatment step in esthetic reconstructive dentistry. Color is probably one of the most important determinants of esthetics in dentistry. Factors such as lighting conditions, gender, age, experience, and color vision impairment affect the process of shade matching. With an elaborative feedback in conjunction with standardized checklists can lead to a substantial improvement among students in terms of visual shade matching. (J Esthet Restor Dent 28:277-286, 2016).
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics and Material Science, University of Leipzig. constanze.olms@medizin.uni-leipzig.de.
authors.forename: Constanze
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Olms
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Prosthodontics and Material Science, University of Leipzig.
authors.forename: Holger A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Jakstat
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haak
mesh_terms: D003116:Color; D003118:Color Perception; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D004497:Education, Dental; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017797:Prosthesis Coloring; D013335:Students, Dental