title: A survey of metabolic changes in potato leaves by NMR-based metabolic profiling in relation to resistance to late blight disease under field conditions.
abstract: Non-targeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolic profiling was applied to potato leaves to survey metabolic changes associated with late blight resistance under field conditions. Potato plants were grown in an experimental field, and the compound leaves with no visible symptoms were collected from 20 cultivars/lines at two sampling time points: (i) the time of initial presentation of symptoms in susceptible cultivars and (ii) 12 days before this initiation.1H NMR spectra of the foliar metabolites soluble in deuterium oxide- or methanol-d4-based buffers were measured and used for multivariate analysis. Principal component analysis for six cultivars at symptom initiation showed a class separation corresponding to their levels of late blight resistance. This separation was primarily explained by higher levels of malic acid, methanol, and rutin and a lower level of sucrose in the resistant cultivars than in the susceptible ones. Partial least squares regression revealed that the levels of these metabolites were strongly associated with the disease severity measured in this study under field conditions. These associations were observed only for the leaves harvested at the symptom initiation stage, but not for those collected 12 days beforehand. Subsequently, a simple, alternative enzymatic assay for l-malic acid was used to estimate late blight resistance, as a model for applying the potential metabolic marker obtained. This study demonstrated the potential of metabolomics for field-grown plants in combination with targeted methods for quantifying marker levels, moving towards marker-assisted screening of new cultivars with durable late blight resistance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Food Research Institute, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Memuro, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Seishi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Memuro, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.affiliation: Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobutaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Someya
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Memuro, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.|Graduate School of Medical and Life Sciences, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.|Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences and School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.|Department of Information Systems, Niigata University of International and Information Studies, Nishi-ku, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Eisuke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chikayama
authors.affiliation: Food Research Institute, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.affiliation: Food Research Institute, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.|RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuyo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sekiyama
mesh_terms: D060467:Disease Resistance; D004777:Environment; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D055442:Metabolome; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism*; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: 1H; NMR; NMR-based metabolomics; Phytophthora infestans; Solanum tuberosum L; malate; potato; potato late blight; rutin