title: Aminophenylboronic acid polymer nanoparticles for quantitation of glucose and for insulin release.
abstract: We have developed a simple route for the preparation of aminophenylboronic acid polymer nanoparticles (APB PNs) from 3-aminophenylboronic acid and formaldehyde under alkaline conditions according to an extended Stӧber method. Insulin and R6G have been selected to prepare functional insulin-APB PNs and R6G-APB PNs, respectively. During the formation of APB PNs, the representative molecules are embedded inside the APB PNs. Through specific binding of glucose with boronic acid moieties on the R6G-APB PNs and insulin-APB PNs, glucose induces expansion of the APB PNs, leading to release of R6G and insulin molecules, respectively. As a result of release of R6G molecules, the fluorescence intensity of R6G-APB PN solution increases, allowing quantitation of glucose in PBS solutions (10 mM, pH 7.4) with a linear range over 0-10 mM. Release of insulin from insulin-APB PNs is significant and rapid when the glucose concentration is higher than 7 mM. Having advantages of low cost, simple preparation, biocompatibility, and continuous response to glucose, the insulin-APB PNs hold great potential as an alternative for treating diabetic patients. Graphical Abstract Quantitation of glucose and release of insulin by glucose responsive 3-aminophenylboronic acid polymer nanoparticles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hao-Hsuan
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Lin-Chen
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. changht@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Huan-Tsung
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000737:chemistry*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D001897:Boronic Acids; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007328:Insulin; D012235:Rhodamines; C026188:rhodamine 6G; C028592:3-aminobenzeneboronic acid
keywords: Boronic acid; Glucose detection; Insulin release; Polymeric nanoparticles