title: Methods of Assessing Human Tendon Metabolism and Tissue Properties in Response to Changes in Mechanical Loading.
abstract: In recent years a number of methodological developments have improved the opportunities to study human tendon. Microdialysis enables sampling of interstitial fluid in the peritendon tissue, while sampling of human tendon biopsies allows direct analysis of tendon tissue for gene- and protein expression as well as protein synthesis rate. Further the (14)C bomb-pulse method has provided data on long-term tissue turnover in human tendon. Non-invasive techniques allow measurement of tendon metabolism (positron emission tomography (PET)), tendon morphology (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)), and tendon mechanical properties (ultrasonography combined with force measurement during movement). Finally, 3D cell cultures of human tendon cells provide the opportunity to investigate cell-matrix interactions in response to various interventions.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. KH@sund.ku.dk.|Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Healthy Ageing, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. KH@sund.ku.dk.
authors.forename: Katja M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Heinemeier
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kjaer
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Unit, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: S Peter
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Magnusson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006801:Humans; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013710:Tendons / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013718:Tensile Strength
keywords: Bomb-pulse; Collagen; Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); Metabolism; Microdialysis; Protein synthesis; Turnover; Ultrasonography