title: Effects of lornoxicam and intravenous ibuprofen on erythrocyte deformability and hepatic and renal blood flow in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Change in blood supply is held responsible for anesthesia-related abnormal tissue and organ perfusion. Decreased erythrocyte deformability and increased aggregation may be detected after surgery performed under general anesthesia. It was shown that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs decrease erythrocyte deformability. Lornoxicam and/or intravenous (iv) ibuprofen are commonly preferred analgesic agents for postoperative pain management. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of lornoxicam (2 mg/kg, iv) and ibuprofen (30 mg/kg, iv) on erythrocyte deformability, as well as hepatic and renal blood flows, in male rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three groups as follows: iv lornoxicam-treated group (Group L), iv ibuprofen-treated group (Group İ), and control group (Group C). Drug administration was carried out by the iv route in all groups except Group C. Hepatic and renal blood flows were studied by laser Doppler, and euthanasia was performed via intra-abdominal blood uptake. Erythrocyte deformability was measured using a constant-flow filtrometry system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lornoxicam and ibuprofen increased the relative resistance, which is an indicator of erythrocyte deformability, of rats (P=0.016). Comparison of the results from Group L and Group I revealed no statistically significant differences (P=0.694), although the erythrocyte deformability levels in Group L and Group I were statistically higher than the results observed in Group C (P=0.018 and P=0.008, respectively). Hepatic and renal blood flows were significantly lower than the same in Group C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We believe that lornoxicam and ibuprofen may lead to functional disorders related to renal and liver tissue perfusion secondary to both decreased blood flow and erythrocyte deformability. Further studies regarding these issues are thought to be essential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara.
authors.forename: Hande
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arpacı
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale.
authors.forename: Faruk Metin
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Çomu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Dumlupınar, Kütahya.
authors.forename: Ayşegül
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Küçük
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Turgut Özal University Hospital.
authors.forename: Bahadır
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kösem
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Turgut Özal University Hospital.
authors.forename: Seyfi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kartal
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University.
authors.forename: Volkan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Şıvgın
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hüseyin Cihad
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Turgut
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University.
authors.forename: Muhammed Enes
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Aydın
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University.
authors.forename: Derya Sebile
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Koç
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arslan
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004907:Erythrocyte Deformability / Q000187:drug effects*; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008099:Liver / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D010894:Piroxicam; C059451:lornoxicam; D007052:Ibuprofen
keywords: blood flow; erythrocyte deformability; iv ibuprofen; lornoxicam; rat