title: The prevalence and socio-economic determinants of HIV among teenagers aged 15-18 years who were participating in a mobile testing population based survey in 2013-2014 in Zambia.
abstract: The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of HIV among teenagers in Zambia and determine whether age, sex, setting, educational level, marital and socioeconomic status were associated with being HIV positive.
  
  
  
  A cross sectional population based survey of the prevalence of HIV among teenagers aged 15-18 years old who were also participants in a national Tuberculosis (TB) prevalence survey. Consenting teenagers were counselled and tested for HIV. The HIV prevalence was estimated using a logistic regression model. Associations of social demographic characteristics with HIV were determined using univariate and multivariate.
  
  
  
  The study involved 6,395 teenagers aged 15-18 years where 2,532 declined HIV testing, 44 tested positive and 3,806 tested negative. The HIV prevalence was estimated to be 1.1 % (95 % CI 0.71-1.60); in females the HIV prevalence was 1.6 % (95 % CI 0.99-2.20) whereas in males it was 0.58 % (95 % CI 0.10-1.10). The prevalence of HIV was twice as high among the urban (1.90 %; 95 % CI 0.99-2.90) than the rural teenagers (0.89 %; 95 % CI 0.46-1.30), and being divorced or widowed was associated with higher risk of HIV regardless of residence. The risk of HIV was lower among students or those who were in school compared to those who were unemployed and not in school.
  
  
  
  HIV prevalence among teenagers was lower than the overall national level prevalence. The patterns of HIV risk among the young population will require further monitoring in order to identify appropriate tools for intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Disease Surveillance, Control and Research, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia. pascykapata@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Pascalina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chanda-Kapata
authors.affiliation: KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, Netherlands.|Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eveline
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klinkenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Disease Surveillance, Control and Research, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maddox
authors.affiliation: Department of Disease Surveillance, Control and Research, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ngosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, Ministry of Community Development, Mother and Child Health, Lusaka, Zambia.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kapata
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006678:HIV; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D015995:Prevalence; D012424:Rural Population; D012574:Schools; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population; D015024:Zambia / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Adolescents; HIV/AIDS; Infectious diseases; Mobile testing; Population survey; Teenagers; Youth; Zambia