title: Use of pain drawing as an assessment tool of sciatica for patients with single level lumbar disc herniation.
abstract: The objectives of this study were to examine the diagnostic accuracy of pain drawing (PD) in determining the level of involvement and to investigate how the quantitative evaluation results of PD using a grid score (GS) correlates with the results of other clinical evaluation measures in diagnosis and assessment of patients with lumber disc herniation (LDH) involving a single nerve root. Thirty-one patients with single level LDH who were diagnosed and conservatively treated by the first author constituted the study population. In order to assess the diagnostic accuracy of PD, the level of involvement as determined by PD was compared to the final diagnosis. In 26 of the 31 patients who could be followed for more than 6 months of conservative treatment, the GS in PD evaluation was compared to the score assessed by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scoring system for low back pain (JOA score) and the visual analog scale (VAS) both before and after the treatment. The overall diagnostic accuracy of PD for the determination of the affected level averaged 68.8 %, and the accuracy was higher at the L4/5 and L5/S levels than the L2/3 and L3/4 levels. The average values of VAS and GS significantly decreased and the JOA score significantly improved after the treatment. Moreover, a significant correlation was demonstrated between the scores derived from these three evaluation measures. The present study indicated the potential usefulness of PD in clinical assessment during the treatment course.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501 Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0714-0340
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tachibana
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501 Japan.
authors.forename: Keishi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maruo
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501 Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501 Japan.
authors.forename: Fumihiro
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arizumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501 Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kusuyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501 Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshiya
keywords: Conservative treatment; Lumbar disc herniation; Pain drawing; Sciatica