title: The developmental origins of metacognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
abstract: The deficits in metacognition have been observed in schizophrenia but developmental roots of impaired metacognition are not well understood. Accordingly, this study compared metacognitive abilities of patients with schizophrenia and healthy group and examined the relationship between childhood trauma, attachment style and caregiver attitudes with metacognitive capacity which might contribute to metacognitive deficits in patient group. 35 patients with schizophrenia and 35 healthy people were included in the study. Metacognitive capacity was measured using the Metacognition Assessment Scale Abbreviated (MAS-A). This scale comprises four domains: self-reflectivity, understanding other's mind, decentration and mastery. Group comparisons revealed that schizophrenia patients had greater deficits in metacognitive ability. We found that the report of childhood emotional abuse, a pattern of anxious attachment and over protection by caregivers were uniquely related to metacognitive capacity.
authors.affiliation: Izzet Baysal Mental Health and Disease Research and Training Hospital, Bolu, Turkey. Electronic address: drorkunaydin@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Orkun
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.affiliation: Manisa Mental Health and Disease Hospital, Manisa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kuzeymen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Balikci
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cumhur
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tas
authors.affiliation: Izzet Baysal Mental Health and Disease Research and Training Hospital, Bolu, Turkey.
authors.forename: Pınar Unal
authors.initials: PU
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aysen Esen
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Danaci
authors.affiliation: LWL University Hospital, Division of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Psychiatric Preventative Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, NRW, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brüne
authors.affiliation: Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana University School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: Paul H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lysaker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D032882:Comprehension; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000067489:Metacognition; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019962:Reactive Attachment Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014421:Turkey