title: Metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1 in gastric cancer: Beyond metastasis.
abstract: Metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1 (MACC1) is an oncogene that was first identified in colon cancer. The upstream and downstream of MACC1 form a delicate regulatory network that supports its tumorigenic role in cancers. Multiple functions of MACC1 have been discovered in many cancers. In gastric cancer (GC), MACC1 has been shown to be involved in oncogenesis and tumor progression. MACC1 overexpression adversely affects the clinical outcomes of GC patients. Regarding the mechanism of action of MACC1 in GC, studies have shown that it promotes the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and accelerates cancer metastasis. MACC1 is involved in many hallmarks of GC in addition to metastasis. MACC1 promotes vasculogenic mimicry (VM) via TWIST1/2, and VM increases the tumor blood supply, which is necessary for tumor progression. MACC1 also facilitates GC lymphangiogenesis by upregulating extracellular secretion of VEGF-C/D, indicating that MACC1 may be an important player in GC lymphatic dissemination. Additionally, MACC1 supports GC growth under metabolic stress by enhancing the Warburg effect. In conclusion, MACC1 participates in multiple biological processes inside and outside of GC cells, making it an important mediator of the tumor microenvironment.
authors.affiliation: Zhen-Zhen Wu, Rui Zhou, Wang-Jun Liao, Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Zhen-Zhen
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Zhen-Zhen Wu, Rui Zhou, Wang-Jun Liao, Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Li-Shan
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Zhen-Zhen Wu, Rui Zhou, Wang-Jun Liao, Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Zhen-Zhen Wu, Rui Zhou, Wang-Jun Liao, Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bin
authors.affiliation: Zhen-Zhen Wu, Rui Zhou, Wang-Jun Liao, Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Zhen-Zhen Wu, Rui Zhou, Wang-Jun Liao, Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Wang-Jun
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Liao
mesh_terms: D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; D006801:Humans; D042583:Lymphangiogenesis; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met / Q000502:physiology; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment
chemical_list: C544162:MACC1 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; C491743:MET protein, human; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met
keywords: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; Gastric cancer; Lymphangiogenesis; Metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1; Tumor microenvironment; Vasculogenic mimicry; Warburg effect