title: Monocular and Binocular Contributions to Oculomotor Plasticity.
abstract: Most eye movements in the real-world redirect the foveae to objects at a new depth and thus require the co-ordination of monocular saccade amplitudes and binocular vergence eye movements. Additionally to maintain the accuracy of these oculomotor control processes across the lifespan, ongoing calibration is required to compensate for errors in foveal landing positions. Such oculomotor plasticity has generally been studied under conditions in which both eyes receive a common error signal, which cannot resolve the long-standing debate regarding whether both eyes are innervated by a common cortical signal or by a separate signal for each eye. Here we examine oculomotor plasticity when error signals are independently manipulated in each eye, which can occur naturally owing to aging changes in each eye's orbit and extra-ocular muscles, or in oculomotor dysfunctions. We find that both rapid saccades and slow vergence eye movements are continuously recalibrated independently of one another and corrections can occur in opposite directions in each eye. Whereas existing models assume a single cortical representation of space employed for the control of both eyes, our findings provide evidence for independent monoculomotor and binoculomotor plasticities and dissociable spatial mapping for each eye.
authors.affiliation: UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK.|Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maiello
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.|Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Free School Lane, Cambridge, CB2 3RQ, UK.|Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bex
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology*; D015349:Vision, Monocular