title: Comparative Study of Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Yellow, Green, Brown, and Red Brazilian Propolis.
abstract: The chemical composition and biological activity of a sample of yellow propolis from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (EEP-Y MS), were investigated for the first time and compared with green, brown, and red types of Brazilian propolis and with a sample of yellow propolis from Cuba. Overall, EEP-Y MS had different qualitative chemical profiles, as well as different cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities when compared to the other types of propolis assessed in this study and it is a different chemotype of Brazilian propolis. Absence of phenolic compounds and the presence of mixtures of aliphatic compounds in yellow propolis were determined by analysing (1)H-NMR spectra and fifteen terpenes were identified by GC-MS. EEP-Y MS showed cytotoxic activity against human tumour strain OVCAR-8 but was not active against Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria. Our results confirm the difficulty of establishing a uniform quality standard for propolis from diverse geographical origins. The most appropriate pharmacological applications of yellow types of propolis must be further investigated.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), 85040-080 Guarapuava, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Christiane Schineider
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Benhur
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Mokochinski
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiana Onofre
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: de Lira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), 60430-160 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fátima de Cassia Evangelista
authors.initials: Fde C
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Magda Vieira
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roseane Guimarães
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandra Christine Helena Frankland
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Sawaya
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio Gilberto
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), 60430-160 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), 60180-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cláudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pessoa
authors.affiliation: Unidad Académica Ciencias Químicas y la Salud, Universidad Técnica de Machala, 070151 Machala, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Osmany
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cuesta-Rubio
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marta Chagas
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), 85040-080 Guarapuava, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mônica Soares
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: de Campos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), 85040-080 Guarapuava, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Yohandra Reyes
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1566-0223
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Torres