title: Effects of climate warming on plant autotoxicity in forest evolution: a case simulation analysis for Picea schrenkiana regeneration.
abstract: In order to explore how plant autotoxicity changes with climate warming, the autotoxicity of P. schrenkiana needles' water extract, organic extract fractions, and key allelochemical DHAP was systemically investigated at the temperature rising 2 and 4°C based on the data-monitored soil temperature during the last decade in the stage of Schrenk spruce regeneration (seed germination and seedling growth). The results showed that the criterion day and night temperatures were 12°C and 4°C for seed germination, and 14°C and 6°C for seedling growth, respectively. In the presence of water extract, the temperature rise of 2°C significantly inhibited the germination vigor and rate of P. Schrenkiana seed, and a temperature rise of 4°C significantly increased the inhibition to the seedling growth (P < 0.05). Among the three organic fractions, the low-polar fraction showed to be more phytotoxic than the other two fractions, causing significant inhibitory effects on the seed germination and growth even at low concentration of 0.1 mg/mL, and the inhibition effect was enhanced as temperature increased. The temperature rise significantly enhanced the promotion effect of DHAP, while the inhibition effect of temperature rise became less important with increasing concentration of DHAP. This investigation revealed that autotoxicity of P. schrenkiana was affected by the climate warming. As expected, it provided an insight into the mechanism and effectiveness of allelopathy in bridging the causal relationship between forest evolution and climate warming.
authors.affiliation: Ningbo Institute of Technology Zhejiang University Ningbo 315100 China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.affiliation: College of Forestry and Horticulture Xinjiang Agricultural University Ürümqi 830052 China.
authors.forename: Cun-De
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: College of Forestry and Horticulture Xinjiang Agricultural University Ürümqi 830052 China.
authors.forename: Run
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Ningbo Institute of Technology Zhejiang University Ningbo 315100 China.
authors.forename: Zhao-Hui
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Forestry and Horticulture Xinjiang Agricultural University Ürümqi 830052 China.
authors.forename: Shu-Ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Life science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China.
authors.forename: De-An
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: College of Forest Resources and Environment Nanjing Forest University Nanjing 210037 China.
authors.forename: Jing-Chi
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Agricultural Forest and Environmental Sciences Clemson University Clemson 29631 South Carolina.
authors.forename: Geoff
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Ningbo Institute of Technology Zhejiang University Ningbo 315100 China.
authors.forename: Yin-Xian
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Ningbo Institute of Technology Zhejiang University Ningbo 315100 China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: Climate warming; DHAP; Picea schrenkiana; plant autotoxicity; seed germination; seedling growth