title: Monitoring and Management of Immune-Related Adverse Events Associated With Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 Axis Inhibitors in Lung Cancer.
abstract: Monoclonal antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) represent a new treatment paradigm in non-small cell lung cancer. Three phase III trials have demonstrated a survival benefit and improved tolerability of nivolumab and pembrolizumab when compared with standard second-line chemotherapy. Nevertheless, the adverse events associated with PD-1 inhibitors are unique; early recognition and treatment are essential. This review summarizes the required monitoring and appropriate management of immune-related adverse events in lung cancer patients receiving these agents.
  
  
  
  2017;22:70-80 IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: : The potential adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors differ from conventional chemotherapy and can require a multidisciplinary approach. Continued education is important for all physicians to ensure optimal care for patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Grainne M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: O'Kane
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Labbé
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Mark K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Doherty
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Kelvin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Hamzeh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Albaba
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Natasha.Leighl@uhn.ca.
authors.forename: Natasha B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Leighl
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000235:genetics; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D000077594:Nivolumab; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; C423236:CD274 protein, human; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D000077594:Nivolumab; C582435:pembrolizumab
keywords: Immune‐related adverse events; Immunotherapy; Lung cancer; Programmed cell death protein‐1; Programmed death ligand‐1; Toxicities