title: Treatment of surgical brain injury by immune tolerance induced by intrathymic and hepatic portal vein injection of brain antigens.
abstract: Surgical brain injury (SBI) defines complications induced by intracranial surgery, such as cerebral edema and other secondary injuries. In our study, intrathymic and hepatic portal vein injection of allogeneic myelin basic protein (MBP) or autogeneic brain cell suspensions were administered to a standard SBI model. Serum pro-inflammatory IL-2, anti-inflammatory IL-4 concentrations and the CD4(+)T/CD8(+)T ratio were measured at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 d after surgery to verify the establishment of immune tolerance. Furthermore, we confirmed neuroprotective effects by evaluating neurological scores at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 d after SBI. Anti-Fas ligand (FasL) immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assays of brain sections were tested at 21 d after surgery. Intrathymic injections of MBP or autogeneic brain cell suspensions functioned by both suppressing secondary inflammatory reactions and improving prognoses, whereas hepatic portal vein injections of autogeneic brain cell suspensions exerted a better effect than MBP. Intrathymic and hepatic portal vein injections of MBP had equal effects on reducing secondary inflammation and improving prognoses. Otherwise, hepatic portal vein injections of autogeneic brain cell suspensions had better outcomes than intrathymic injections of autogeneic brain cell suspensions. Moreover, the benefit of injecting antigens into the thymus was outweighed by hepatic portal vein injections.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.|Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
authors.forename: Weijian
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasonography, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
authors.forename: Baolong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors.forename: Huajun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.|Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin 300060, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000601:surgery*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D011169:Portal Vein; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D016207:Cytokines; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; C505662:Faslg protein, rat; D007376:Interleukin-2; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein; D015847:Interleukin-4