title: The relationship between social functioning and subjective memory complaints in older persons: a population-based longitudinal cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Poor social functioning is associated with cognitive decline in older adults. It is unclear whether social functioning is also associated with subjective memory complaints (SMC). We investigated the association between social functioning and incident SMC and SMC recovery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based sample of 8762 older adults (aged ≥65 years) with good objective cognitive functioning at baseline (MMSE ≥26) from the LifeLines Cohort Study were followed for 1.5 years. Self-reported SMC were measured at baseline and after 1.5 years follow-up. Aspects of social functioning included marital status, household composition, social network size, social activity, quality of social relationships, social support, affection, behavioral confirmation, and status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen percent (513/3963) developed SMC during follow-up (incident SMC). Multivariate logistic regression analyses (adjusted for age, gender, education level, physical activity, alcohol use, smoking status, depression, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke) showed that participants with better feelings of affection, behavioral confirmation and stable good social support had a lower risk of incident SMC. Thirty-four percent (1632/4799) reported recovery. Participants with good social functioning at baseline on all determinants reported more SMC recovery. People who remained stable in a relationship, stable in good quality of social relationships or increased in quality of social relationships more often report SMC recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Good social functioning is associated with less incident SMC and more SMC recovery over a follow-up period of 1.5 years. Albeit future confirmative studies are needed, we argue for targeting also social functioning when designing multidomain interventions to prevent or slow down cognitive decline. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jisca S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kuiper
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Oude Voshaar
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sytse U
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Zuidema
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ronald P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Stolk
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marij
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zuidersma
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.|Department of Geriatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nynke
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Smidt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D057566:Self Report; D012919:Social Behavior; D012944:Social Support
keywords: cognition; memory complaints; memory disorders; social functioning; social relationships; subjective