title: Bicuspid Aortic Valve: a Review with Recommendations for Genetic Counseling.
abstract: Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart defect and falls in the spectrum of left-sided heart defects, also known as left ventricular outflow tract obstructive (LVOTO) defects. BAV is often identified in otherwise healthy, asymptomatic individuals, but it is associated with serious long term health risks including progressive aortic valve disease (stenosis or regurgitation) and thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection. BAV and other LVOTO defects have high heritability. Although recommendations for cardiac screening of BAV in at-risk relatives exist, there are no standard guidelines for providing genetic counseling to patients and families with BAV. This review describes current knowledge of BAV and associated aortopathy and provides guidance to genetic counselors involved in the care of patients and families with these malformations. The heritability of BAV and recommendations for screening are highlighted. While this review focuses specifically on BAV, the principles are applicable to counseling needs for other LVOTO defects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children at IU Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Samantha L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Freeze
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children at IU Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.|Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Riley Hospital for Children at IU Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 West Walnut Street, IB-130, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Landis
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children at IU Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.|Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Riley Hospital for Children at IU Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 West Walnut Street, IB-130, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ware
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Riley Hospital for Children at IU Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 West Walnut Street, IB-130, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. bmhelm@iu.edu.
authors.forename: Benjamin M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Helm
mesh_terms: D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000002:abnormalities*; D000082882:Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease; D005260:Female; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000235:genetics; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic
keywords: Aortic aneurysm; Aortic dissection; Congenital heart defect; Genetic counseling; LVOTO; Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction