title: Wearable Sensors for eLearning of Manual Tasks: Using Forearm EMG in Hand Hygiene Training.
abstract: In this paper, we propose a novel approach to eLearning that makes use of smart wearable sensors. Traditional eLearning supports the remote and mobile learning of mostly theoretical knowledge. Here we discuss the possibilities of eLearning to support the training of manual skills. We employ forearm armbands with inertial measurement units and surface electromyography sensors to detect and analyse the user's hand motions and evaluate their performance. Hand hygiene is chosen as the example activity, as it is a highly standardized manual task that is often not properly executed. The World Health Organization guidelines on hand hygiene are taken as a model of the optimal hygiene procedure, due to their algorithmic structure. Gesture recognition procedures based on artificial neural networks and hidden Markov modeling were developed, achieving recognition rates of 98 . 30 % ( ± 1 . 26 % ) for individual gestures. Our approach is shown to be promising for further research and application in the mobile eLearning of manual skills.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Informatics, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52057 Aachen, Germany. ekutafina@mi.rwth.aachen.de.|Faculty of Applied Mathematics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland. ekutafina@mi.rwth.aachen.de.
authors.forename: Ekaterina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kutafina
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Informatics, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52057 Aachen, Germany. david.laukamp@rwth-aachen.de.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Laukamp
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Informatics, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52057 Aachen, Germany. ralf.bettermann@rwth-aachen.de.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bettermann
authors.affiliation: Computer Supported Learning Group, RWTH Aachen University, Ahornstrasse 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany. schroeder@informatik.rwth-aachen.de.
authors.forename: Ulrik
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Informatics, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52057 Aachen, Germany. sjonas@mi.rwth-aachen.de.
authors.forename: Stephan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jonas
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods*; D005542:Forearm / Q000502:physiology; D063373:Hand Hygiene; D006801:Humans; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D000076251:Wearable Electronic Devices
keywords: Myo armband; eLearning; gesture recognition; hand hygiene; hospital-acquired infections; nosocomial infections; smart wearable sensors; surface EMG