title: Does hyperthermia constrain flight duration in a short-distance migrant?
abstract: While some migratory birds perform non-stop flights of over 11 000 km, many species only spend around 15% of the day in flight during migration, posing a question as to why flight times for many species are so short. Here, we test the idea that hyperthermia might constrain flight duration (FD) in a short-distance migrant using remote biologging technology to measure heart rate, hydrostatic pressure and body temperature in 19 migrating eider ducks (Somateria mollissima), a short-distance migrant. Our results reveal a stop-and-go migration strategy where migratory flights were frequent (14 flights day(-1)) and short (15.7 min), together with the fact that body temperature increases by 1°C, on average, during such flights, which equates to a rate of heat storage index (HSI) of 4°C h(-1) Furthermore, we could not find any evidence that short flights were limited by heart rate, together with the fact that the numerous stops could not be explained by the need to feed, as the frequency of dives and the time spent feeding were comparatively small during the migratory period. We thus conclude that hyperthermia appears to be the predominant determinant of the observed migration strategy, and suggest that such a physiological limitation to FD may also occur in other species.This article is part of the themed issue 'Moving in a moving medium: new perspectives on flight'.
authors.affiliation: Département de Biologie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada G5L 3A1 magella_guillemette@uqar.ca.
authors.forename: Magella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guillemette
authors.affiliation: BioMetistics, Robin Hill, Atch Lench, Worcs WR11 45W, UK.
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3235-9670
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Woakes
authors.affiliation: Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Larochelle
authors.affiliation: Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
authors.forename: Elias T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Polymeropoulos
authors.affiliation: Département de Biologie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada G5L 3A1.
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Granbois
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.affiliation: Département de Biologie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada G5L 3A1 Cégep de Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada G5L 4H6.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pelletier
authors.affiliation: University of Tasmania, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Frappell
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK.
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Portugal
mesh_terms: D025041:Animal Migration; D000818:Animals; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation; D003718:Denmark; D004372:Ducks / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005426:Flight, Animal; D058998:Remote Sensing Technology / Q000662:veterinary
keywords: avian; body temperature; eider ducks; heat dissipation; migration