title: Hepatitis B Virus-HIV Coinfection: Forgotten but Not Gone.
abstract: Owing to shared routes of transmission and common risk factors, coinfection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV is common. As AIDS-related opportunistic infections have declined with successful antiretroviral therapy (ART), liver-related mortality has emerged as the second leading cause of death among patients infected with HIV HIV infection negatively impacts the natural history of HBV, increasing the risks for cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver-related mortality. With the availability of effective antiviral therapy active against both HIV and HBV and simplified treatment algorithms, it has become easier than ever to treat coinfected patients. However, the issues of suboptimal response, incomplete viral suppression, adverse effects of long-term antiviral treatment, and potential hepatotoxicity of ART remain major challenges.
authors.affiliation: Dr Dharel is a clinical fellow and Dr Sterling is a clinical professor and the chief of hepatology in the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition at the Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center in Richmond, Virginia.
authors.forename: Narayan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dharel
authors.affiliation: Dr Dharel is a clinical fellow and Dr Sterling is a clinical professor and the chief of hepatology in the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition at the Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center in Richmond, Virginia.
authors.forename: Richard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sterling
keywords: Cirrhosis; HIV; HIV-HBV coinfection; hepatitis B