title: Evaluation of the 113Online Suicide Prevention Crisis Chat Service: Outcomes, Helper Behaviors and Comparison to Telephone Hotlines.
abstract: Recognizing the importance of digital communication, major suicide prevention helplines have started offering crisis intervention by chat. To date there is little evidence supporting the effectiveness of crisis chat services. To evaluate the reach and outcomes of the 113Online volunteer-operated crisis chat service, 526 crisis chat logs were studied, replicating the use of measures that were developed to study telephone crisis calls. Reaching a relatively young population of predominantly females with severe suicidality and (mental) health problems, chat outcomes for this group were found to be comparable to those found for crisis calls to U.S. Lifeline Centers in 2003-2004, with similar but not identical associations with specific helpers' styles and attitudes. Our findings support a positive effect of the 113Online chat service, to be enhanced by practice standards addressing an apparent lack of focus on the central issue of suicidality during chats, as well as by the development of best practices specific for online crisis intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|113Online Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Research & Innovation, GGZIngeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Mokkenstorm
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Research & Innovation, GGZIngeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Merijn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eikelenboom
authors.affiliation: 113Online Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Clinical Psychology, The EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Faculty of Psychology and Education, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Annemiek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huisman
authors.affiliation: 113Online Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jasper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wiebenga
authors.affiliation: 113Online Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Renske
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gilissen
authors.affiliation: 113Online Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Clinical Psychology, The EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Faculty of Psychology and Education, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ad J F M
authors.initials: AJFM
authors.lastname: Kerkhof
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Research & Innovation, GGZIngeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johannes H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Smit
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003142:Communication; D003419:Crisis Intervention; D005260:Female; D006379:Helping Behavior; D015277:Hotlines; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014838:Volunteers; D055815:Young Adult; D000092864:Suicide Prevention