title: Colonization dynamic of various crop residues by Fusarium graminearum monitored through real-time PCR measurements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of the type of crop residues on the colonization dynamic of Fusarium graminearum in soil.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ability of F. graminearum to survive in the presence of various crop residues was assessed on Petri dishes and in microcosms. These microcosms comprised soil that had or had not been previously disinfested with or without amendment with various crop residues. The colonization dynamic of F. graminearum was monitored through real-time PCR. Fusarium graminearum development was higher in disinfested soil than in non-disinfested one. The fungal growth was enhanced to various extents according to the type of crop residues, except for mustard residues which inhibited it. The biochemical and physical properties of the residues were likely to account for the differences in the survival of F. graminearum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fusarium graminearum is a poor competitor in soil but it can use maize, wheat, and rape residues to ensure its survival. Conversely alfalfa, which is assimilated by micro-organisms very easily, avoids long-lasting survival of the fungus. And finally, mustard producing glucosinolates could be used as an intermediate crop to reduce the inoculum amount.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is contributing to the knowledge about F. graminearum saprotophic abilities and proposes interesting paths to limit its survival in soil.
authors.affiliation: Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France. johann.leplat@culture.gouv.fr.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leplat
authors.affiliation: Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Heraud
authors.affiliation: Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gautheron
authors.affiliation: Experimental Unit of Epoisses, INRA Dijon, F-21110, Bretenières, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mangin
authors.affiliation: Experimental Unit of Epoisses, INRA Dijon, F-21110, Bretenières, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Falchetto
authors.affiliation: Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Steinberg
mesh_terms: D018556:Crops, Agricultural; D005670:Fusarium / Q000254:growth & development*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012988:Soil Microbiology
keywords: Fusarium head blight; plant pathogenic fungus; primary inoculum; saprotrophic development; soil microbial interactions