title: Rotator cuff repair: a review of surgical techniques, animal models, and new technologies under development.
abstract: Rotator cuff tears are the most common musculoskeletal injury occurring in the shoulder. Current surgical repair fails to heal in 20% to 95% of patients, depending on age, size of the tear, smoking, time of repair, tendon quality, muscle quality, healing response, and surgical treatments. These problems are worsened by the limited healing potential of injured tendons attributed to the presence of degenerative changes and relatively poor vascularity of the cuff tendons. Development of new techniques to treat rotator cuff tears requires testing in animal models to assess safety and efficacy before clinical testing. Hence, it is important to evaluate appropriate animal models for rotator cuff research with degeneration of tendons, muscular atrophy, and fatty infiltration similar to humans. This report reviews current clinical treatments and preclinical approaches for rotator cuff tear repair. The review will focus on current clinical surgical treatments, new repair strategies under clinical and preclinical development, and will also describe different animal models available for rotator cuff research. These findings and future directions for rotator cuff tear repair will be discussed.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Institute, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Gabrielle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deprés-Tremblay
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Anik
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chevrier
authors.affiliation: Department of Arthroscopy, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Martyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Snow
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Mark B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Hurtig
authors.affiliation: Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, The Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rodeo
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Institute, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. Electronic address: michael.buschmann@polymtl.ca.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Buschmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002686:Chitin / Q000494:pharmacology; D048271:Chitosan / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D023421:Models, Animal; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D017006:Rotator Cuff / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D000070636:Rotator Cuff Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D002686:Chitin; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Rotator cuff repair; animal models; biomaterials; chitosan; regenerative medicine; technologies under development; tissue engineering; tissue repair