title: Self-aspiration sampling extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS) for high-throughput analysis of liquid samples.
abstract: Extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS) was invented as a typical ambient mass spectrometry method (AMS) and has been used for analyzing complex liquid samples. Here, we designed a Venturi effect-based self-aspiration sampling device and applied it to the EESI-MS for high-throughput analysis of liquid sample.
  
  
  
  A special concentric nebulizer was designed and employed to produce a suction force for the direct aspiration of liquid samples, followed by ionization and detection. This sample aspiration process was explained and optimized using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. Experiment data were recorded to exhibit the sensitivity, memory effect, inter-day reproducibility, throughput, and applicability of the self-aspiration sampling EESI-MS.
  
  
  
  The limit of detection (LOD) of this method was determined as 4.5 × 10(-10)  g/mL (S/N = 3) for caffeine, and the sample throughput and relative standard deviation (RSD) for full scan mode can reach 0.67 samples/s and 4.76%, respectively. Even for MS/MS mode, the frequency can still be kept at 0.4 samples/s (RSD = 4.71%). Inter-day RSD examined in 1 week was below 10% for the signal of characteristic fragment ions of reserpine. Moreover, based on this method, the amount of caffeine in instant coffee was determined as 4.7%. This device was also proven to be suitable for the protein/peptide analysis.
  
  
  
  These experiment results, especially the amazing results on sample throughput and inter-day RSD, suggest that we provide a valuable device which can be used for the direct high-throughput qualitative/quantitative mass spectrometry analysis of real liquid samples in ambient. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
authors.forename: Shoubo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Baohong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Huali
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Pengyuan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yang