title: Immediate nipple reconstruction with a C-V flap and areolar reconstruction with an autograft of the ipsilateral areola.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors report a new nipple-areolar complex (NAC) reconstruction technique using an autograft of the ipsilateral areola for breast cancer with nipple invasion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 43 patients with breast cancer involving nipple invasion underwent oncoplastic surgery with NAC reconstruction. The nipple was reconstructed with a C-V flap, and the areola was autografted onto the new areola bed after the ipsilateral areola was confirmed to be tumour-free. The cosmetic results were self-evaluated by the patients after chemotherapy or radiotherapy according to a 4-point scoring system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall satisfaction with the cosmetic result was assessed as follows: excellent (n = 14), good (n = 19), fair (n = 7) or poor (n = 3). Oncological evaluation revealed no cases of local recurrence and five cases of distant metastasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The immediate NAC reconstruction technique involving a C-V flap and autografting of the ipsilateral areola is a feasible method for obtaining realistic areolar reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Younglae
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeeyeon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seokwon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Youngtae
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bae
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000359:Aftercare; D064592:Autografts / Q000637:transplantation*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D059026:Diagnostic Self Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009558:Nipples / Q000601:surgery*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: areola; graft; nipple; reconstruction