title: Evidence for validity of a national physician and patient-reported, cross-sectional survey in China and UK: the Disease Specific Programme.
abstract: Diabetes represents a significant challenge for Chinese healthcare providers. Healthcare decision-making is generally based on many data sources, including randomised controlled and real-world studies; however, good-quality data from Chinese diabetes patients are scarce. We performed an initial validation to assess the representativeness of one source of real-world data-the Diabetes Adelphi Disease Specific Programme (DSP) in China.
  
  
  
  China, UK.
  
  
  
  The Chinese DSP included 2060 patients with previously diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) sampled by 200 physicians. The reference Chinese population comprised 238 639 patients with previously diagnosed T2DM. The UK DSP contained 1481 patients with T2DM sampled by 125 physicians; the reference UK population comprised 289 patients with diabetes.
  
  
  
  The primary outcome was comparison of unweighted China DSP and reference data for sex, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), patients achieving glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c)<7%, total cholesterol, coronary heart disease and dyslipidaemia. The secondary outcome was comparison of weighted UK DSP and reference data for BMI, BP, mean HbA1c, total cholesterol, smoking and insulin status.
  
  
  
  Comparison of unweighted China DSP and reference data revealed statistical equivalence for BMI, systolic BP, proportion of patients achieving HbA1c <7%, total cholesterol, coronary heart disease and dyslipidaemia. Sex, age, diabetes duration, diastolic BP and mean HbA1c level were not equivalent, although differences were generally small. Weighting of data did not substantially affect the results. A similar pattern was observed for UK data.
  
  
  
  This study provides evidence that the methodology used for the China and UK parts of the Diabetes DSP produces representative samples that are comparable with other independent sources of patient treatment outcomes data, which may ultimately inform public health decision-making. Although this method could be used in other countries, the current validation applies to UK and China. Further research is required for other countries.
authors.affiliation: Eli Lilly & Co, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Babineaux
authors.affiliation: Eli Lilly & Co, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.affiliation: Adelphi Real World, Macclesfield, UK.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Holbrook
authors.affiliation: Adelphi Real World, Macclesfield, UK.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Milligan
authors.affiliation: Adelphi Real World, Macclesfield, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Piercy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002681:China; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000071066:Patient Reported Outcome Measures; D010820:Physicians; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: China; Diabetes mellitus type 2; Survey Methodology; United Kingdom; Validation Study