title: A Pilot Study on Developing a Standardized and Sensitive School Violence Risk Assessment with Manual Annotation.
abstract: School violence has increased over the past decade and innovative, sensitive, and standardized approaches to assess school violence risk are needed. In our current feasibility study, we initialized a standardized, sensitive, and rapid school violence risk approach with manual annotation. Manual annotation is the process of analyzing a student's transcribed interview to extract relevant information (e.g., key words) to school violence risk levels that are associated with students' behaviors, attitudes, feelings, use of technology (social media and video games), and other activities. In this feasibility study, we first implemented school violence risk assessments to evaluate risk levels by interviewing the student and parent separately at the school or the hospital to complete our novel school safety scales. We completed 25 risk assessments, resulting in 25 transcribed interviews of 12-18 year olds from 15 schools in Ohio and Kentucky. We then analyzed structured professional judgments, language, and patterns associated with school violence risk levels by using manual annotation and statistical methodology. To analyze the student interviews, we initiated the development of an annotation guideline to extract key information that is associated with students' behaviors, attitudes, feelings, use of technology and other activities. Statistical analysis was applied to associate the significant categories with students' risk levels to identify key factors which will help with developing action steps to reduce risk. In a future study, we plan to recruit more subjects in order to fully develop the manual annotation which will result in a more standardized and sensitive approach to school violence assessments.
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Childrens's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA. drew.barzman@cchmc.org.
authors.forename: Drew H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Barzman
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Childrens's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA.
authors.forename: Yizhao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Childrens's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA.
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Griffey
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Childrens's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA.
authors.forename: Bianca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Childrens's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA.
authors.forename: Ashaki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Childrens's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Latessa
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Childrens's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sorter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D036301:Qualitative Research; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012574:Schools; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Manual annotation; Prevention; Risk assessment; School violence