title: Hospital admission among HIV-exposed uninfected children compared with HIV-unexposed children.
abstract: The main objective of this study was, on a national level, to investigate the risk of in-hospital admissions and use of antibiotics during the first 4 years of life among HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children compared with a matched control group of HIV-unexposed children.
  
  
  
  A nationwide register-based cohort study.
  
  
  
  All HEU children born in Denmark from 2000 to 2012 were individually matched to five HIV-unexposed controls. Outcomes were risk of hospital admission (any, because of an infectious disease, observation/nonspecific diagnosis) and use of antibiotics during the first 4 years of life. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated using Poisson regression analysis.
  
  
  
  In total, 317 HEU children and 1581 matched controls were included. HEU children had a three-fold increased risk of overall admissions {incidence rate ratio (IRR) 3.49 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.98-4.08]}. There was no difference in risk of admission because of infectious diseases [IRR 1.11 (95% CI 0.73-1.70)] and no difference in use of antibiotics [IRR 0.88 (95% CI 0.73-1.04)]. The excess risk per 100 person-years of admission was primarily caused by an increased risk of admission because of observation/nonspecific diagnosis [excess incidence rate 22.6 (95% CI 18.2-27.0), IRR 6.06 (95% CI 4.84-7.61)].
  
  
  
  HEU children had an increased risk of overall hospital admission mainly due to an increased risk of admission because of observation/nonspecific diagnosis. There was no increased risk of admission due to infectious disease. The excess risk of admission among HEU may be related to prophylactic treatment and/or HIV testing rather than somatic disease related to HIV or exposure to antiretroviral therapy.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre bDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet cDepartment of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre dDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby eDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital fDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital gDepartment of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Nordsjælland, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moseholm
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Helleberg
authors.forename: Sannie B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Nordly
authors.forename: Vibeke
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rosenfeldt
authors.forename: Merete
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Storgaard
authors.forename: Gitte
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Isik S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lunding
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Weis
authors.forename: Terese L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Katzenstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003718:Denmark; D004363:Drug Utilization; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents