title: Analysis of the articular cartilage T1ρand T2relaxation times changes after ACL reconstruction in injured and contralateral knees and relationships with bone shape.
abstract: The objectives of this study were twofold: (1) to evaluate the longitudinal change in cartilage T1ρand T26- and 12-months after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) in both reconstructed and intact contralateral knees with the aim of validating the role of the contralateral knee as an internal control in longitudinal studies; (2) to explore relationships between bone shape at the time of injury and the progression of T1ρand T2over 12-months after ACLR. T1ρand T2cartilage relaxation times and 3D MRI-based statistical shape modeling (SSM) of tibia and femur were computed for both knees of forty ACL-injured patients and 15 healthy controls. ACL subjects were scanned 8.4 ± 6.4 weeks after injury (2.4 ± 3.7 weeks prior to ACLR), 6- and 12-months after ACLR. Longitudinal changes in T1ρand T2values were assessed using linear mixed model, and partial correlation coefficients were calculated between bone shape and longitudinal changes in T1ρand T2values. Significant longitudinal increases in T1ρand T2values were observed in reconstructed and contralateral knees 6-months after ACLR. Tibial bone shape features, associated with the medial plateau height and width, were observed to be correlated with cartilage T1ρand T2progression in reconstructed knees. Our results suggest that caution should be used in considering contralateral knee as internal controls in longitudinal ACL studies and 3D MRI-based-SSM might serve as an imaging biomarker for the early stratification of patients at risk for developing post-traumatic accelerated cartilage degeneration and potentially osteoarthritis after ACL tear. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:707-717, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 1700 Fourth Street, Suite 201, QB3 Building, San Francisco, California, 94107.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pedoia
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 1700 Fourth Street, Suite 201, QB3 Building, San Francisco, California, 94107.
authors.forename: Favian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amano
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 1700 Fourth Street, Suite 201, QB3 Building, San Francisco, California, 94107.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: McCulloch
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 1700 Fourth Street, Suite 201, QB3 Building, San Francisco, California, 94107.|Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 1700 Fourth Street, Suite 201, QB3 Building, San Francisco, California, 94107.
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Link
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Benjamin C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 1700 Fourth Street, Suite 201, QB3 Building, San Francisco, California, 94107.
authors.forename: Xiaojuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D059549:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ACL; T1ρ/T2; bone shape; post-traumatic osteoarthritis; statistical shape modeling