title: Partial Enteral Nutrition Mitigated Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Damage of Rat Small Intestinal Barrier.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to investigate a relatively optimum dose of partial enteral nutrition (PEN) which effectively attenuates intestinal barrier dysfunction initiated by ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  In experiment 1, 60 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to intestinal IRI and assigned to six groups according to the different proportion of EN administrations: namely total parenteral nutrition (TPN or 0%EN), 10%EN, 20%EN, 40%EN, 60%EN, and total enteral nutrition (TEN or 100%) groups, the deficits of intraluminal calorie were supplemented by PN. In experiment 2, 50 male SD rats were subjected to intestinal IRI and divided into five groups based on the results of experiment 1: TPN, TEN, 20%EN, TPN plus pretreatment with NF-κB antagonist 30 min before IRI (TPN+PDTC), and TPN plus pretreatment with HIF-1α antagonist 30 min before IRI (TPN+YC-1) groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In experiment 1, previous IRI combined with subsequent EN shortage disrupted the structure of intestinal epithelial cell and tight junctions (TJs). While 20% dose of EN had an obviously protective effect on these detrimental consequences. In experiment 2, compared with TPN only, 20%EN exerted a significant protection of barrier function of intestinal epithelium. Analogous results were observed when TPN combined with specific NF-κB/HIF-1α inhibitors (PDTC and YC-1). Meanwhile, the expression of NF-κB/HIF-1α had a similar trend among the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that 20%EN is the minimally effective dosage of EN which promotes the recovery of intestinal barrier function after IRI in a rat model. Furthermore, we discreetly speculate that this benefit is, at least partly, related to NF-κB/HIF-1α pathway expression.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China. wuchao0008@126.com.|Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China. wuchao0008@126.com.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China. wxyclinicaltrial@163.com.
authors.forename: Xinying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China. chinesemilk@126.com.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University and Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Nanjing 210093, China. ptwkwuchao@163.com.
authors.forename: Chaojun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China. zlshe1107@163.com.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China. cyyywcwk@163.com.
authors.forename: Xuejin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China. tianfeng_nju@163.com.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China. ptwklining@163.com.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China. 15005171483@sina.cn.
authors.forename: Jieshou
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000379:methods*; D020536:Enzyme Activators / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D007191:Indazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total / Q000379:methods*; D011392:Proline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019108:Tight Junctions / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D020536:Enzyme Activators; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D007191:Indazoles; D016328:NF-kappa B; D013859:Thiocarbamates; C066229:prolinedithiocarbamate; C090937:3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole; D011392:Proline
keywords: hypoxia-inducible factor; intestinal epithelial barrier function; ischemia-reperfusion injury; partial enteral nutrition