title: Factors influencing the en route survivorship and post-voyage growth of a common ship biofouling organism, Bugula neritina.
abstract: The likelihood that viable non-indigenous biofouling species will survive a voyage on a vessel is influenced by a range of factors, including the speed, duration, and route of the voyage and the amount of time the vessel spends in port. In this study, a land-based dynamic flow device was used to test the effect of recruit age, vessel speed and voyage duration on the survivorship and growth of the bryozoan Bugula neritina. In the experiment, one-week-old recruits had a higher likelihood (100%) of surviving voyages than older (one-month-old, 90%) or younger (one-day-old, 79%) recruits, but survival was not influenced by vessel speed (6 and 18 knots) or voyage duration (two and eight days). The results suggest that the non-indigenous species B. neritina can be effectively transferred at a range of ages but one-week-old recruits are more likely to survive the translocation process and survive in the recipient environment.
authors.affiliation: a School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury , Christchurch , New Zealand.|b Biosecurity Team , Cawthron Institute , Nelson , New Zealand.
authors.forename: Kate B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Schimanski
authors.affiliation: c Maritime Division , Defence Science and Technology Group (DSTG) , Port Melbourne , Vic , Australia.
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Piola
authors.affiliation: a School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury , Christchurch , New Zealand.
authors.forename: Sharyn J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Goldstien
authors.affiliation: b Biosecurity Team , Cawthron Institute , Nelson , New Zealand.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Floerl
authors.affiliation: c Maritime Division , Defence Science and Technology Group (DSTG) , Port Melbourne , Vic , Australia.
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grandison
authors.affiliation: b Biosecurity Team , Cawthron Institute , Nelson , New Zealand.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Atalah
authors.affiliation: b Biosecurity Team , Cawthron Institute , Nelson , New Zealand.
authors.forename: Grant A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Hopkins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057219:Biofouling / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002013:Bryozoa / Q000254:growth & development*; D009038:Motion; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012767:Ships; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Bryozoan; hull-fouling; marine invasion; survivorship; voyage characteristics