title: Evaluation of APR1 Gene Expression in Candida albicans Strains Isolated From Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intracellular aspartic proteinase A enzyme is expressed by the APR1 gene and is one of the important factors in the development of systemic candidiasis caused by Candida albicans.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of the APR1 gene in C. albicans isolates obtained from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and from controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  The samples were obtained from 135 MS patients with candidiasis and 100 matched controls of healthy individuals during 2010 - 2011. The clinical and control isolates of C. albicans obtained from individuals were cultured onto sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA). The evaluation of APR1 gene expression was performed using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant difference in APR1 gene expression of C. albicans strains between MS patients (mean ± SD: 0.5208 ± 0.11518) and the control group (mean ± SD: 0.7603 ± 0.11405) (P = 0.000). Significant correlations were found between the APR1 gene expression of C. albicans strains from MS patients with regard to age and the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) (P = 0.000). The mean values of EDSS were 1.6074 ± 0.1081 after antifungal treatment and 2.2519 ± 0.1323 before antifungal treatment (P = 0.000). No significant correlation was observed between the APR1 gene expression with regard to sex and MS subtypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggested that APR1 gene expression in C. albicans strains isolated from MS patients may be an important factor for invasive C. albicans strains in the progression of MS disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Shahla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amri Saroukolaei
authors.affiliation: Neurology Department, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mojdeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghabaee
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Hojjatollah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shokri
authors.affiliation: Mycology Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khosravi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Badiei
keywords: APR1 Gene; Candida albicans; Expanded Disability Status Scale; Multiple Sclerosis; RT-PCR