title: Diagnostic of Helicobacter pylori infection.
abstract: There is progress in endoscopy techniques. While it is not yet possible to detect Helicobacter pylori directly in the stomach, it becomes easier to detect the mucosal changes induced by the bacteria. Some small changes can also increase the sensitivity of the invasive tests, for example culture or histology, but the wide use of proton-pump inhibitors has a negative impact on these tests. Only molecular methods are able to detect a limited load of bacteria, especially by using real-time PCR but also with new methods, for example dual-priming oligonucleotide-based PCR, loop-medicated isothermal amplification, droplet-digital PCR or a multiple genetic analysis system. Among the noninvasive tests, urea breath test remains a test of major interest, while there are attempts to develop an ammonia breath test and other nanosensor devices. A new antigen stool test, a chemoluminescence immunoassay using the LIAISON apparatus has also been tested for the first time with success. Despite its limitations, serology remains the most popular test to detect H. pylori antibodies. It also allows pepsinogen dosage which is of interest for detecting atrophy.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1053, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mégraud
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1053, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Floch
authors.affiliation: Diakonie Klinikum, Jung-Stilling Hospital, Siegen, Germany.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Labenz
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1053, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lehours
mesh_terms: D001944:Breath Tests; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000379:methods*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques / Q000379:methods
keywords: culture; histology; rapid urease test; real-time PCR; serology; stool antigen test; urea breath test