title: Effect of taurine supplementation on hepatic metabolism and alleviation of cadmium toxicity and bioaccumulation in a marine teleost, red sea bream, Pagrus major.
abstract: This study was performed to unravel the mechanism of the beneficial action of taurine on marine teleost fish, red sea bream (Pagrus major), by analyzing the hepatic metabolism. Moreover, the ameliorative effects of the nutrient against cadmium toxicity and bioaccumulation were further evaluated. The fish were fed a diet containing 0 % (TAU0 %), 0.5 % (TAU0.5 %), or 5.0 % (TAU5.0 %) taurine for 40-55 days (d) and subjected to cadmium acute toxicity and bioaccumulation tests. Taurine deficiency in feed severely affected growth and the hepatic metabolic profiles of the fish, including a remarkable increase in myo-inositol, aspartate, and ß-alanine in the TAU0 % group, which indicates a complementary physiological response to taurine deficiency. For the acute toxicity test, fish were fed the test diets for 55 d and were then exposed to different dose of cadmium ranging from 0 to 5.6 mg/L for 96 h. Fish fed taurine had a higher tolerance to cadmium than those not fed taurine. For the bioaccumulation test, fish were fed the test diets for 40 d and then were chronically exposed to 0.2 mg/L of cadmium for 28 d followed by depuration for 21 d. Cadmium concentrations in the liver and muscle of fish fed TAU5.0 % were significantly lower than those of fish fed TAU0 % for the first 7 d of exposure and the first 7 d of elimination. Our findings suggest a possible mechanism for the beneficial role played by taurine and that the inclusion of taurine in fish aquaculture feed may reduce cadmium contamination of fish intended for human consumption.
authors.affiliation: National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5, Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, 739-0452, Japan. hntks@affrc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hano
authors.affiliation: National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5, Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, 739-0452, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5, Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, 739-0452, Japan.
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.affiliation: National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5, Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, 739-0452, Japan.
authors.forename: Mana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5, Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, 739-0452, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohkubo
authors.affiliation: National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5, Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, 739-0452, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mochida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000378:metabolism; D021541:Sea Bream / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013654:Taurine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D002104:Cadmium; D013654:Taurine; D008668:Metallothionein
keywords: Acute toxicity; Alleviation; Bioaccumulation; Cadmium; Hepatic metabolomics; Taurine