title: Volatile Semiochemicals Increase Trap Catch of Green Lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Flower Flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Corn and Soybean Plots.
abstract: This study reports on the attractiveness of volatile chemicals to green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) as measured by catch on yellow sticky traps within corn [Zea mays L. (Cyperales: Poaceae)] and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Fabales: Fabaceae)] plots. Green lacewings were attracted to eugenol-baited traps in two tests in soybean plots. Follow-up testing in corn showed that catch of green lacewings was enhanced when traps were baited with eugenol, its structural analog isoeugenol, or 2-phenylethanol; trap catch of green lacewings was greater with these compounds than with structural analog, 4-alllylanisole. In a follow-up test in soybean, more green lacewings were caught on traps baited with isoeugenol than with 4-allylanisole. Catch did not differ among traps baited with eugenol, isoeugenol, or 2-phenylethanol or among those baited with eugenol, 2-phenylethanol, or the ethanol control. In a 6-wk experiment in soybean, green lacewings were attracted to eugenol-baited traps in 5 of 6 wks but to traps baited with structural analog methyl eugenol in only 1 wk. Flower flies were attracted to 2-phenylethanol in initial tests in corn and soybean plots. Subsequent testing in soybeans with 2-phenylethanol and structural analogs confirmed attraction to 2-phenylethanol and also showed attractancy of 2-phenylacetaldehyde but not benzylamine. A 6-wk test in soybean found that flower flies were also attracted to traps baited with either eugenol or methyl eugenol. This is the first report of green lacewing attraction to eugenol and isoeugenol and first report of flower fly attraction to eugenol. Structure-activity relationships among attractants and practical aspects of their use are discussed.
authors.affiliation: North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, Brookings, SD, 57006 (louis.hesler@ars.usda.gov) louis.hesler@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Louis S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Hesler
mesh_terms: D000081248:Allylbenzene Derivatives; D000818:Animals; D000840:Anisoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D004175:Diptera / Q000187:drug effects; D005054:Eugenol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D007313:Insecta / Q000187:drug effects*; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000494:pharmacology; D010675:Pheromones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013023:South Dakota; D013025:Glycine max; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D000081248:Allylbenzene Derivatives; D000840:Anisoles; D010675:Pheromones; D005054:Eugenol; C007633:estragole; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol
keywords: 2-phenylethanol; beneficial insect; chemical ecology; eugenol