title: Ultra-Long Crystalline Red Phosphorus Nanowires from Amorphous Red Phosphorus Thin Films.
abstract: Heating red phosphorus in sealed ampoules in the presence of a Sn/SnI4 catalyst mixture has provided bulk black phosphorus at much lower pressures than those required for allotropic conversion by anvil cells. Herein we report the growth of ultra-long 1D red phosphorus nanowires (>1 mm) selectively onto a wafer substrate from red phosphorus powder and a thin film of red phosphorus in the present of a Sn/SnI4 catalyst. Raman spectra and X-ray diffraction characterization suggested the formation of crystalline red phosphorus nanowires. FET devices constructed with the red phosphorus nanowires displayed a typical I-V curve similar to that of black phosphorus and a similar mobility reaching 300 cm(2)  V(-1)  s with an Ion /Ioff ratio approaching 10(2) . A significant response to infrared light was observed from the FET device.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua B
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3474-9995
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3446-0393
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hagaman
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: DiGuiseppi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schweitzer-Stenner
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. hj56@drexel.edu.
authors.forename: Hai-Feng
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Ji
keywords: black phosphorus; conductive materials; nanowires; red phosphorus; transistors