title: Balance and mobility training with or without concurrent cognitive training improves the timed up and go (TUG), TUG cognitive, and TUG manual in healthy older adults: an exploratory study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose was to explore the impact of balance and mobility training (BMT), balance and mobility plus cognitive training (BMT + C) and no training on the timed up and go (TUG), TUG cognitive (TUGcog), and TUG manual (TUGman) in older adults. A preliminary experiment examined the stability of these TUG measures over a 5-week period in older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen participants in the BMT group (70.2 ± 3.2 years) and 14 participants in the BMT + C group (68.7 ± 5.5 years) trained one-on-one, 3×/week for 12 weeks on a balance obstacle course. The BMT group and the BMT + C group completed two or three tasks simultaneously, respectively. Fifteen participants in the control group received no training (66.7 ± 4.2 years). The TUG, TUGcog, and TUGman were measured in seconds at baseline, after the 12-week training, and after the 12-week follow-up. During the preliminary experiment, ten participants (67.0 ± 6.9 years) completed the three TUG measures 1/week for 5 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both the BMT and BMT + C groups, but not the control group, exhibited significantly faster TUG, TUGcog, and TUGman after the intervention and maintained these improvements at the 12-week follow-up. No differences between the BMT and BMT + C groups emerged. The preliminary experiment showed that the three TUG measures were stable across five testing sessions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both training groups improved functional mobility after the interventions and sustained these improvements over 12 weeks. This is likely not a function of repeating the TUG, TUGcog, and TUGman tests since no repeated exposure effect was shown.
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, 125 University Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Jehu
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, 125 University Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.|School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Paquet
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, 125 University Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada. ylajoie@uottawa.ca.
authors.forename: Yves
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6324-7543
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lajoie
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Aging; Balance training; Cognitive training; Dual-tasking; Mobility; Timed up and go