title: Intervention modalities for targeting cognitive-motor interference in individuals with neurodegenerative disease: a systematic review.
abstract: Individuals with neurodegenerative disease (NDD) commonly have elevated cognitive-motor interference, change in either cognitive or motor performance (or both) when tasks are performed simultaneously, compared to healthy controls. Given that cognitive-motor interference is related to reduced community ambulation and elevated fall risk, it is a target of rehabilitation interventions. Areas covered: This review details the collective findings of previous dual task interventions in individuals with NDD. A total of 21 investigations focusing on 4 different neurodegenerative diseases and one NDD precursor (Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia other than AD, and mild cognitive impairment) consisting of 721 participants were reviewed. Expert commentary: Preliminary evidence from interventions targeting cognitive-motor interference, both directly and indirectly, show promising results for improving CMI in individuals with neurodegenerative diseases. Methodological limitations, common to pilot investigations preclude firm conclusions. Well-designed randomized control trials targeting cognitive motor interference are warranted.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Kinesiology and Community Health , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA.
authors.forename: Douglas A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Wajda
authors.affiliation: b Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition, and Mobility, Neurological Institute , Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center , Tel Aviv , Israel.|c Sackler Faculty of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.
authors.forename: Anat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mirelman
authors.affiliation: b Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition, and Mobility, Neurological Institute , Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center , Tel Aviv , Israel.|c Sackler Faculty of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.|d Sagol School of Neuroscience , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hausdorff
authors.affiliation: a Department of Kinesiology and Community Health , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA.
authors.forename: Jacob J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sosnoff
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D003071:Cognition; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009043:Motor Activity; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D016138:Walking
keywords: Dual task; cognitive-motor; neurodegenerative disease; training; virtual reality