title: Behaviour change among people with impaired glucose tolerance: Comparison of telephone-based and face-to-face advice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop, implement and compare two lifestyle services for people at risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two localities were selected to implement two different service delivery models, telephone-based and face-to-face, supporting people at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Impact was assessed by comparing weight, fasting plasma glucose and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results at baseline and six months later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both services were associated with an improvement in OGTT 2-h plasma glucose and weight. In the telephone intervention, 47.3% of participants who completed the project achieved both normal fasting plasma glucose (≤6.0 mmol/l) and normal plasma glucose levels (≤7.7 mmol/l). Participants had a mean weight loss of 3.3 kg (SD 4.3), equating to 3.4% of body weight (p < 0.001). In the face-to-face intervention, 46.3% of participants achieved normal plasma glucose (≤7.7 mmol/l) and a mean weight loss of 2.9 kg (SD 4.5), equating to 3.1% of bodyweight (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Local health providers can adapt existing service provision and tailor it to provide lifestyle programmes for people with impaired glucose tolerance. Both service delivery models offer effective diabetes prevention although each model may cater for different population needs and a choice of services might be the preferred option.
authors.affiliation: Improvement Manager, NIHR CLAHRC for Greater Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, UK anna.betzlbacher@srft.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Anna-Franziska
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Betzlbacher
authors.affiliation: Care Call Manager, Diabetes Team, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grady
authors.affiliation: Knowledge Transfer Associate, NIHR CLAHRC for Greater Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Savas
authors.affiliation: Research Fellow, Centre for Biostatistics, University of Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cotterill
authors.affiliation: Professor for Service Operations Management, Manchester Business School, UK.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boaden
authors.affiliation: Consultant in Endocrinology, University of Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Lucinda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Summers
authors.affiliation: Professor of Diabetes and Metabolic Medicine, University of Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gibson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D013689:Telephone; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: behaviour change; diabetes prevention; lifestyle interventions