title: Anticoagulation therapy in atrial fibrillation after intracranial hemorrhage.
abstract: The effect of oral anticoagulation therapy (OAT) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) with a history of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is poorly defined.
  
  
  
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of OAT in patients with AF with an ICH history.
  
  
  
  We retrospectively compared the composite end point, including thromboembolic and major bleeding events, between patients with AF with a history of ICH who were (OAT group, n = 254) and those who were not (no-OAT group, n = 174) taking OAT.
  
  
  
  During a mean follow-up of 39.5 ± 31.9 months, 5.5 and 3.1 major bleeding events/100 patient-years were observed in the OAT and no-OAT groups, respectively (P = .024). Recurrent ICH was observed only in patient with OAT. Thromboembolic events occurred in 2.4 and 8.3 events/100 patient-years in OAT and no-OAT groups, respectively (P < .001). There was no significant differences in composite end points between OAT and no-OAT groups (11.5 events/100 patient-years vs 7.9 events/100 patient-years; P = .154). Patients with OAT who achieved a time-in-therapeutic range of ≥60% of the international normalized ratio of 2.0-3.0 demonstrated a better cumulative survival free of the composite end point (P < .001) than did patients without OAT. Early (<2 weeks) OAT after an index ICH did not improve composite end points because of the increased incidence of major bleeding events. However, OAT at 2 weeks after an index ICH was associated with decreased clinical events including thromboembolic events and composite end point.
  
  
  
  In patients with AF who require anticoagulation and have a history of ICH, maintaining optimal OAT with time-in-therapeutic range ≥ 60% and the initiation of OAT at least 2 weeks after an index ICH were associated with improved clinical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Ah
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Sun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Uhm
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hui-Nam
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Pak
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Moon-Hyoung
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: cby6908@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Boyoung
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Joung
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014859:Warfarin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin
keywords: Anticoagulation; Atrial fibrillation; Bleeding; Intracranial hemorrhage; Thromboembolic events