title: Transforming growth factor β as regulator of cancer stemness and metastasis.
abstract: Key elements of cancer progression towards metastasis are the biological actions of cancer stem cells and stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment. Cross-communication between tumour and stromal cells is mediated by secreted cytokines, one of which, the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), regulates essentially every cell within the malignant tissue. In this article, we focus on the actions of TGFβ on cancer stem cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells that assist the overall process of metastatic dissemination. We aim at illustrating intricate connections made by various cells in the tumour tissue and which depend on the action of TGFβ.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.|Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, SE 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bellomo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.|Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, SE 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Laia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Caja
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.|Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, SE 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Aristidis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moustakas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000502:physiology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000502:physiology; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D019139:Tumor Escape / Q000502:physiology; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1