title: Smartphone-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program: Feasibility Study.
abstract: We introduce a cardiac rehabilitation program (CRP) that utilizes only a smartphone, with no external devices. As an efficient guide for cardiac rehabilitation exercise, we developed an application to automatically indicate the exercise intensity by comparing the estimated heart rate (HR) with the target heart rate zone (THZ). The HR is estimated using video images of a fingertip taken by the smartphone's built-in camera. The introduced CRP app includes pre-exercise, exercise with intensity guidance, and post-exercise. In the pre-exercise period, information such as THZ, exercise type, exercise stage order, and duration of each stage are set up. In the exercise with intensity guidance, the app estimates HR from the pulse obtained using the smartphone's built-in camera and compares the estimated HR with the THZ. Based on this comparison, the app adjusts the exercise intensity to shift the patient's HR to the THZ during exercise. In the post-exercise period, the app manages the ratio of the estimated HR to the THZ and provides a questionnaire on factors such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and leg pain during exercise, as objective and subjective evaluation indicators. As a key issue, HR estimation upon signal corruption due to motion artifacts is also considered. Through the smartphone-based CRP, we estimated the HR accuracy as mean absolute error and root mean squared error of 6.16 and 4.30bpm, respectively, with signal corruption due to motion artifacts being detected by combining the turning point ratio and kurtosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Heewon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hoon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tharoeun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thap
authors.affiliation: Imaging Science based Lung and Bone Disease Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandeaero, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Changwon
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wonkwang University Colledge of Medicine, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Se-Eung
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Wonkwang University Colledge of Medicine, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kwon-Ha
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jinseok
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000072038:Cardiac Rehabilitation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D000068997:Smartphone