title: Imaging Injuries in Throwing Sports Beyond the Typical Shoulder and Elbow Pathologies.
abstract: This review article describes injuries that occur in the upper extremities of athletes less commonly than those typically discussed with shoulders and elbows. A survey of osseous, musculotendinous, ligamentous, and neurovascular injuries is presented along with associated imaging findings and standard treatment options. This article does not focus on the classic throwing injuries of the shoulder or elbow; the goal is to survey injuries in throwing sports that involve structures away from the glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, or elbow joints. The goal of this article is to introduce readers to these less common injuries, describe their clinical presentations, and characterize their typical imaging appearances.
authors.affiliation: Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology and Interventions, Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 132 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. Electronic address: paul.read@jefferson.edu.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Read
authors.affiliation: Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology and Interventions, Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 132 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Morrison
mesh_terms: D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods; D000092464:Elbow Injuries
keywords: Athlete; Bone; Injury; Ligament; Muscle; Nerve; Tendon; Vessel