title: Protective effect of silymarin on viability, motility and mitochondrial membrane potential of ram sperm treated with sodium arsenite.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sodium arsenite can impair male reproductive function by inducing oxidative stress. Silymarin is known as a potent antioxidant.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to investigate if silymarin can prevent the adverse effect of sodium arsenite on ram sperm viability, motility and mitochondrial membrane potential.
  
  
  METHODS
  Epidydimal spermatozoa obtained from ram were divided into five groups: 1) Spermatozoa at 0 hr, 2) spermatozoa at 180 min (control), 3) spermatozoa treated with sodium arsenite (10 μM) for 180 min, 4) spermatozoa treated with silymarin (20 μM) + sodium arsenite (10 μM) for 180 min and 5) spermatozoa treated with silymarin (20 μM) for 180 min. MTT assay and Rhodamine 123 staining were used to assess sperm viability and mitochondrial membrane potential respectively. Sperm motility was performed according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Viability (p<0.01), nonprogressive motility (p<0.001) and intact mitochondrial membrane potential (p<0.001) of the spermatozoa were significantly decreased in sodium arsenite treated group compared to control group. In silymarin + sodium arsenite group, silymarin could significantly reverse the adverse effect of sodium arsenite on these sperm parameters compared to sodium arsenite group (p<0.001). In addition, the application of silymarin alone for 180 minutes could significantly increase progressively motile sperm (p<0.001) and decrease non motile sperm (p<0.01) compared to the control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Silymarin could compensate the adverse effect of sodium arsenite on viability, nonprogressive motility and mitochondrial membrane potential of ram sperm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eskandari
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Momeni
keywords: Arsenic; Silymarin; Spermatozoa