title: Occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in indoor air and dust in Hangzhou, China: Level, role of electric appliances, and human exposure.
abstract: This study investigated the occurrence of 8 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners from homes (n = 20), offices (n = 20), air conditioners (n = 6), and computers (n = 6). High detection frequencies for most of the congeners were observed, indicating continued widespread use of Penta-, Octa- and Deca-BDE mixtures. The median concentrations of ∑PBDEs were 119 and 194 pg m-3for home air and office air, respectively. Regarding dust, the median concentrations of ∑PBDEs were 239 and 437 ng g-1for home and office dust, respectively. The ratios of the median concentrations of BDE-209 to ∑PBDEs were approximately 0.95 and 0.87 for home dust and office dust, respectively. The median concentrations of ∑PBDEs were 359 ng g-1and 350 ng g-1for dust on air conditioner filters and the back cabinet of the computer, respectively. The ratios of the median concentrations of BDE-209 to ∑PBDEs were approximately 0.58 and 0.46 for air conditioner and computer samples. Running air conditioners contributed to ΣPBDEs in office air through direct and indirect pathways. The daily intake of PBDEs was estimated to be 2630 pg (kg bw)-1day-1for toddlers in homes and 319 pg (kg bw)-1day-1for adults in homes and offices.
authors.affiliation: International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances, Top Key Discipline of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
authors.forename: Jianqiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou 310052, China.
authors.forename: Qianwen
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Shulin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances, Top Key Discipline of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China. Electronic address: azhang@zjut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Anping
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis*; D006794:Household Articles; D006795:Household Products / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; C010902:decabromobiphenyl ether
keywords: Air; Air conditioner; Computer; Dust; Indoor; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers