title: Correcting myogenic ptosis accompanying extraocular muscle weakness: The "Bobby Pin" procedure.
abstract: This article evaluates the "Bobby Pin" procedure in the correction of myogenic ptosis accompanying extraocular muscle weakness. We retrospectively reviewed 26 eyelids of 13 patients who underwent "Bobby Pin" procedure for myogenic ptosis accompanying extraocular muscle weakness. We evaluated the patients' clinical features such as age, etiology of ptosis, symptoms, standard ptosis measurements, associated systemic diseases, additional ophthalmic conditions, complications, and recurrence. Etiology of myogenic ptosis and extraocular muscle weakness was oculopharyngeal dystrophy in 4 (31%) patients, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia in 4 (31%) patients, myotonic dystrophy in 2 (23%) patients, and idiopathic in 3 (15%) patients. The mean levator function was approximately 5 mm pre- and post-operatively (range 1 to 12 mm). The mean margin-to-reflex distance 1 increased from -1.1 mm (below the light reflex) pre-operatively to +0.4 mm (above the light reflex) post-operatively. After a mean follow-up of 40 months, only 1 (8%) patient experienced ptosis recurrence. Upper eyelids were symmetric in both contour and height in all patients. Mild superficial keratopathy involving less than 10% of cornea was observed in 4 (31%) patients. The "Bobby Pin" procedure is an effective and long-lasting treatment option for correcting acquired ptosis accompanying extraocular muscle weakness. The procedure is safe, simple, easily learned, time- and cost-effective, and does not require any expensive equipment.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit , Michigan , USA.
authors.forename: Swapna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vemuri
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit , Michigan , USA.
authors.forename: Murray D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Christianson
authors.affiliation: b Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, W. K. Kellogg Eye Center , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan , USA.
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Demirci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D039141:Muscular Dystrophy, Oculopharyngeal / Q000150:complications; D009223:Myotonic Dystrophy / Q000150:complications; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D017246:Ophthalmoplegia, Chronic Progressive External / Q000150:complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Ptosis; myogenic ptosis; “Bobby Pin” procedure