title: Foraging behavior, environmental parameters and nests development of Melipona colimana Ayala (Hymenoptera: Meliponini) in temperate climate of Jalisco, México.
abstract: Melipona colimana Ayala is an endemic species inhabiting temperate forests of pine and oak of south of Jalisco in Mexico. During a year, it was recorded every 15 days foraging activity, environmental parameters and the development of colonies of M. colimana in its wild habitat. For five minutes every hour from 7:00 to 21:00, the bees that entered and left the hive and bringing pollen and resin were registered. Every hour the relative humidity, temperature, wind speed and light intensity was recorded and related to foraging activity. Additionally, the weight of the colonies recently transferred to wooden boxes, the number of brood combs, honey pots and pollen were registered. The time of beginning and ending of the foraging activity differs from the reports of stingless bees of tropical weather and the same happens with the pollen collection. The environmental parameters that affect other tropical stingless bees in the foraging activity also affect M. colimana in temperate climate. It was determined that the major activity season and the presence of more pollen pots in the colony is from November through February, for what it could be the best time of the year for the division and obtainance of new colonies, while the critical period of minor activity and pollen flow was during rainy season. These data may be useful for the future sustainable use of this species in temperate climate.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Desarrollo Regional, Centro de Investigaciones en Abejas, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Avenida Enrique Arreola Silva, 883, Cd. Guzmán, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Macías-Macías
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Desarrollo Regional, Centro de Investigaciones en Abejas, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Avenida Enrique Arreola Silva, 883, Cd. Guzmán, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tapia-Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Centro de Investigaciones en Abejas, Centro Universitario de la Costa Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Independencia Nacional, 151, Autlán de Navarro, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Contreras-Escareño
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000502:physiology*; D004777:Environment; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D008800:Mexico; D009425:Nesting Behavior; D012621:Seasons