title: The efficacy of mobile phone-based text message interventions ('Happy Quit') for smoking cessation in China.
abstract: Considering the extreme shortage of smoking cessation services in China, and the acceptability, feasibility and efficacy of mobile phone-based text message interventions for quitting smoking in other countries, here we propose a study of "the efficacy of mobile phone-based text message interventions ('Happy Quit') for smoking cessation in China". The primary objective of this proposed project is to assess whether a program of widely accessed mobile phone-based text message interventions ('Happy Quit') will be effective at helping people in China who smoke, to quit. Based on the efficacy of previous studies in smoking cessation, we hypothesize that 'Happy Quit' will be an effective, feasible and affordable smoking cessation program in China.
  
  
  
  In this single-blind, randomized trial, undertaken in China, about 2000 smokers willing to make a quit attempt will be randomly allocated, using an independent telephone randomization system that includes a minimization algorithm balancing for sex (male, female), age (19-34 or >34 years), educational level (≤ or >12 years), and Fagerstrom score for nicotine addiction (≤5, >5), to 'Happy Quit', comprising motivational messages and behavioral-change support, or to a control group that receives text messages unrelated to quitting. Messages will be developed to be suitable for Chinese. A pilot study will be conducted before the intervention to modify the library of messages and interventions. The primary outcome will be self-reported continuous smoking abstinence. A secondary outcome will be point prevalence of abstinence. Abstinence will be assessed at six time points (4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks post-intervention). A third outcome will be reductions in number of cigarettes smoked per day.
  
  
  
  The results will provide valuable insights into bridging the gap between need and services received for smoking cessation interventions and tobacco use prevention in China. It will also serve as mHealth model for extending the public health significance of other interventions, such as mental health interventions.
  
  
  
  NCT02693626 (Registration data April 11, 2016).
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders & National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders. Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China. tangliaoyanhui@gmail.com.|Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. tangliaoyanhui@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yanhui
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4735-3252
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders & National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders. Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
authors.forename: Qiuxia
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders & National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders. Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.|Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Jinsong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders & National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders. Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
authors.forename: Fengyu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders & National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders. Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
authors.forename: Xuyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders & National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders. Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders & National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders. Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
authors.forename: Haoyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders & National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders. Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology & Center for Research on Young People's Health (CRYPH), Purdue University, 700 W State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. bckelly@purdue.edu.
authors.forename: Brian C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: Institute for Global Tobacco Control (IGTC) at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2213 McElderry St., Fourth Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods; D040421:Cell Phone; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D006240:Happiness; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012107:Research Design; D057566:Self Report; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D017216:Telemedicine; D060145:Text Messaging; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: China; Interventions; Mobile phone-based text message; Smoking cessation; ‘Happy Quit’