title: Betalain rich functional extract with reduced salts and nitrate content from red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) using membrane separation technology.
abstract: An initial laboratory-scale evaluation of separation characteristics of membranes with nominal molecular weight cut-offs (NMWCO) ranging from 30kD down to 0.5kD indicated effective separation of betalains in the 0.5kD region. Subsequent pilot-level trials using 1kD, loose reverse osmosis (LRO) and reverse osmosis (RO) spiral-wound membranes showed LRO membrane to be very efficient with up to 96% salt and 47% other dissolved solids removed while retaining majority of the pigment (∼98%) in the betalain rich extract (BRE). The total betalain content in the BRE increased up to 46%, the highest recovery reported so far at pilot scale level. Interestingly, more than 95% of the nitrates were removed from the BRE after the three diafiltrations. These studies indicate that membrane technology is the most efficient technique to produce BRE with highly reduced amounts of salts and nitrate content.
authors.affiliation: Innovative Food Technologies, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia. Electronic address: ram.mereddy@daf.qld.gov.au.
authors.forename: Ram
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mereddy
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Health and Food Science Precinct, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
authors.forename: Adeline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Innovative Food Technologies, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
authors.forename: Kent
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fanning
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Health and Food Science Precinct, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
authors.forename: Nilesh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nirmal
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Health and Food Science Precinct, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
authors.forename: Yasmina
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sultanbawa
mesh_terms: D027461:Beta vulgaris / Q000737:chemistry*; D050858:Betalains / Q000032:analysis*; D005374:Filtration; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D050858:Betalains; D012965:Sodium Chloride
keywords: Betalain rich extract; Concept processing model; Membrane technology; Red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.)