title: Exercise does not increase salivary lymphocytes, monocytes, or granulocytes, but does increase salivary lysozyme.
abstract: An increase in salivary leukocytes may contribute to the exercise-induced increase in salivary antimicrobial proteins (AMPs). However, exercise-induced changes in salivary leukocytes have not been studied. The purpose of the study was to describe salivary leukocyte changes with exercise. Participants (n = 11, 20.3 ± 0.8 years, 57.2 ± 7.6 ml kg-1min-1peak oxygen uptake ((VO) ̇2peak), 11.1 ± 3.9% body fat) ran for 45 min at 75% of VO2peak. Stimulated saliva (12 mL) was collected pre- and immediately post exercise. Saliva was filtered through a 30 µm filter before analysis of leukocytes (CD45+), granulocytes (CD45+CD15+), monocytes (CD45+CD14+), T-cells (CD45+CD3+), and B-cells (CD45+CD20+) using flow cytometry. Saliva was analysed for Lysozyme (Lys) using ELISA. Exercise did not alter any leukocyte subset. The major constituent of leukocytes pre-exercise were granulocytes (57.9 ± 30.3% compared with monocytes: 5.1 ± 2.7%, T-cells: 17.1 ± 8.9%, B-cells: 12.1 ± 10.2%) (P < 0.05). In a subset of n = 6, Lys secretion rate increased after exercise (pre: 5,170 ± 5,215 ng/min; post: 7,639 ± 4,140 ng/min) (P < 0.05). Exercise does not result in increased granulocytes, but does increase Lys. Further, these data suggest that an increase in salivary leukocytes is not needed to increase Lys.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Kinesiology , California Baptist University , Riverside , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Trevor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gillum
authors.affiliation: b Department of Exercise Science , Highpoint University , High Point , NC , USA.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuennen
authors.affiliation: a Department of Kinesiology , California Baptist University , Riverside , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Zachary
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: McKenna
authors.affiliation: a Department of Kinesiology , California Baptist University , Riverside , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Micaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.affiliation: a Department of Kinesiology , California Baptist University , Riverside , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jordan-Patterson
authors.affiliation: a Department of Kinesiology , California Baptist University , Riverside , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Caitlin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bohnert
mesh_terms: D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D009113:Muramidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D012463:Saliva / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012636:Secretory Rate; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009113:Muramidase
keywords: Antimicrobial protein; leukocyte fluctuation; upper respiratory syndrome