title: The effect of green leafy and cruciferous vegetable intake on the incidence of cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis.
abstract: Does the consumption of green leafy vegetables including cruciferous vegetables significantly reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease? This research question was answered via employing the statistical methods of meta-analysis by synthesizing relevant worldwide studies that address the association between the consumption of green leafy vegetables and risk of incidence of said diseases. All meta-analysis calculations included determination of effect sizes of relative risk, and their respective 95% confidence intervals, heterogeneity of the studies, relative weights for each study, and significance (p) for each study. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, which investigated the relationship between the incidences of total cardiovascular disease with the intake of green leafy vegetables. The overall effect size (random effect model) was: RR = 0.842 (95% CI = 0.753 to 0.941), p = 0.002, which indicates a significant 15.8% reduced incidence of cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Lamar State College Port Arthur, Port Arthur, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Richard Lee
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Pollock
keywords: Forest plot; Green leafy vegetables; cardiovascular disease; cruciferous vegetables; effect size; meta-analysis