title: IRAK1, a Target of miR-146b, Reduces Cell Aggressiveness of Human Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.
abstract: MicroRNA (miR)-146b is overexpressed in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and is associated with extrathyroidal invasion, advanced tumor stage, and poor prognosis. However, the underlying mechanism of miR-146b in relation to its oncogenic behavior in PTC and its putative targets remain unknown.
  
  
  
  The purpose was to investigate IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) as the potential miR-146b target gene and its involvement in PTC.
  
  
  
  We used genome-wide microarray, computational analysis, and 3' UTR reporter gene assays to identify IRAK1 as a miR-146b target gene. In vitro gain/loss-of-function experiments were further performed to determine the effects of IRAK1 on proliferation, colony formation, and wound-healing in PTC cancer cell lines. Expression levels of miR-146b and IRAK1 of 50 cases of PTC and its adjacent normal thyroid specimens were assessed via qRT-PCR.
  
  
  
  Microarray expression profile revealed that the mRNA level of IRAK1 gene was down-regulated by miR-146b. The 3' UTR of IRAK1 mRNA was found to be a molecular target of miR-146b posttranscriptional repression in BCPAP cells by reporter gene assays. MiR-146b promoted the migration and proliferation of PTC cells by down-regulating IRAK1 expression, whereas restoration of IRAK1 expression reversed this effect. In addition, the expression of IRAK1 mRNA was significantly lower in PTC clinical tissue samples than normal adjacent thyroid specimens and showed a strong inverse correlation with the expression of miR-146b in PTC specimens.
  
  
  
  Our results demonstrated that IRAK1 is a direct target of miR-146b and has functional roles to inhibit various aggressive PTC cell activities. In conjunction with current therapeutic regimens, targeting the miR-146b-IRAK1 axis may provide a potential approach for PTC management.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-K.C., C.-H.H., R.-T.L.), Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences (C.-K.C., H.-Y.K.), Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Departments of Surgery (S.-Y.C., F.-F.C.), Pathology (C.-C.H.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (H.-Y.K.), Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaoshiung City 833, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chen-Kai
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-K.C., C.-H.H., R.-T.L.), Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences (C.-K.C., H.-Y.K.), Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Departments of Surgery (S.-Y.C., F.-F.C.), Pathology (C.-C.H.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (H.-Y.K.), Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaoshiung City 833, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shun-Yu
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-K.C., C.-H.H., R.-T.L.), Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences (C.-K.C., H.-Y.K.), Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Departments of Surgery (S.-Y.C., F.-F.C.), Pathology (C.-C.H.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (H.-Y.K.), Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaoshiung City 833, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cai-Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-K.C., C.-H.H., R.-T.L.), Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences (C.-K.C., H.-Y.K.), Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Departments of Surgery (S.-Y.C., F.-F.C.), Pathology (C.-C.H.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (H.-Y.K.), Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaoshiung City 833, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Fong-Fu
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-K.C., C.-H.H., R.-T.L.), Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences (C.-K.C., H.-Y.K.), Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Departments of Surgery (S.-Y.C., F.-F.C.), Pathology (C.-C.H.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (H.-Y.K.), Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaoshiung City 833, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chao-Cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-K.C., C.-H.H., R.-T.L.), Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences (C.-K.C., H.-Y.K.), Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Departments of Surgery (S.-Y.C., F.-F.C.), Pathology (C.-C.H.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (H.-Y.K.), Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaoshiung City 833, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Rue-Tsuan
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-K.C., C.-H.H., R.-T.L.), Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences (C.-K.C., H.-Y.K.), Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Departments of Surgery (S.-Y.C., F.-F.C.), Pathology (C.-C.H.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (H.-Y.K.), Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaoshiung City 833, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hong-Yo
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D053592:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077273:Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; C542542:MIRN146 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs; C507768:IRAK1 protein, human; D053592:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases