title: Antibacterial resistance patterns of pediatric community-acquired urinary infection: Overview.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common in children. The aim of this study was therefor to construct a guide for the empirical antibiotic treatment of community-acquired UTI by investigating the etiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns of uropathogens and analyzing the epidemiological and clinical patient characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 158 children with positive urine culture were included in the study. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed with Vitek 2 Compact for 28 commonly used antimicrobials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age was 3.36 ± 3.38 years (range, 45 days-15 years). Escherichia coli (60.1%), and Klebsiella spp. (16.5%) were the most common uropathogens. For all Gram-negative isolates, a high level of resistance was found against ampicillin/sulbactam (60.1%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (44.2%), cefazolin (36.2%), cefuroxime sodium (33.5%), and amoxicillin/clavulanate (31.5%). A low level of resistance was noted against cefepime (8.7%), ertapenem (4.6%), norfloxacin (1.3%), and meropenem (0.7%). There was no resistance against amikacin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is high antibiotic resistance in children with UTI. The patterns of uropathogen antimicrobial resistance vary in susceptibility to antimicrobials depending on region and time. Thus, the trends of antibiotic susceptibility patterns should be analyzed periodically to select the appropriate regimen for UTI treatment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.|Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.
authors.forename: Capan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Konca
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tekin
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, School of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Uckardes
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sadik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akgun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.
authors.forename: Habip
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Almis
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ibrahim Hakan
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Bucak
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yeliz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Genc
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turgut
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: antibiotic resistance; child; urinary tract infection; uropathogen