title: Differential control and function of Arabidopsis ProDH1 and ProDH2 genes on infection with biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens.
abstract: Arabidopsis contains two proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) genes, ProDH1 and ProDH2, encoding for homologous and functional isoenzymes. Although ProDH1 has been studied extensively, especially under abiotic stress, ProDH2 has only started to be analysed in recent years. These genes display distinctive expression patterns and show weak transcriptional co-regulation, but are both activated in pathogen-infected tissues. We have demonstrated previously that Arabidopsis plants with silenced ProDH1/2 expression fail to trigger defences against the hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato AvrRpm1 (Pst-AvrRpm1), and that ProDH1 and ProDH2 are differentially regulated by salicylic acid (SA). In the current work, we used prodh1 and prodh2 single-mutant plants to assess the particular contribution of each gene to resistance against Pst-AvrRpm1 and the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. In addition, we studied the sensitivity of ProDH1 and ProDH2 to the jasmonic acid (JA) defence pathway. We found that ProDH1 and ProDH2 are both necessary to achieve maximum resistance against Pst-AvrRpm1 and B. cinerea. However, ProDH2 has a major effect on early restriction of B. cinerea growth. Interestingly, ProDH1 is up-regulated by SA and JA, whereas ProDH2 is only activated by JA, and both genes display transcriptional inter-regulation at basal and infection conditions. These studies provide the first evidence of the contribution of ProDH2 to disease resistance, and describe the differential regulation and non-redundant but complementary function of both enzyme isoforms in infected tissues, providing support for a fundamental role of ProDH in the control of biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina.
authors.forename: Yanina Soledad
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Rizzi
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina.
authors.forename: Nicolás Miguel
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Cecchini
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina.
authors.forename: Georgina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fabro
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina.
authors.forename: María Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Alvarez
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020171:Botrytis / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D017343:Genes, Plant; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000494:pharmacology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology*; D011394:Proline Oxidase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D044224:Pseudomonas syringae / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D054883:Oxylipins; C011006:jasmonic acid; C000595632:PDH1 protein, Arabidopsis; D011394:Proline Oxidase; C000627276:ProDH2 protein, Arabidopsis; D020156:Salicylic Acid
keywords: B. cinerea; HopX1; Pst-AvrRpm1; jasmonate; prodh1-3 and prodh2-2; proline dehydrogenase; salicylic acid