title: Quantitative body fluid proteomics in medicine - A focus on minimal invasiveness.
abstract: Identification of new biomarkers specific for various pathological conditions is an important field in medical sciences. Body fluids have emerging potential in biomarker studies especially those which are continuously available and can be collected by non-invasive means. Changes in the protein composition of body fluids such as tears, saliva, sweat, etc. may provide information on both local and systemic conditions of medical relevance. In this review, our aim is to discuss the quantitative proteomics techniques used in biomarker studies, and to present advances in quantitative body fluid proteomics of non-invasively collectable body fluids with relevance to biomarker identification. The advantages and limitations of the widely used quantitative proteomics techniques are also presented. Based on the reviewed literature, we suggest an ideal pipeline for body fluid analyses aiming at biomarkers discoveries: starting from identification of biomarker candidates by shotgun quantitative proteomics or protein arrays, through verification of potential biomarkers by targeted mass spectrometry, to the antibody-based validation of biomarkers. The importance of body fluids as a rich source of biomarkers is discussed.
  
  
  
  Quantitative proteomics is a challenging part of proteomics applications. The body fluids collected by non-invasive means have high relevance in medicine; they are good sources for biomarkers used in establishing the diagnosis, follow up of disease progression and predicting high risk groups. The review presents the most widely used quantitative proteomics techniques in body fluid analysis and lists the potential biomarkers identified in tears, saliva, sweat, nasal mucus and urine for local and systemic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Éva
authors.initials: É
authors.lastname: Csősz
authors.affiliation: Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Gergő
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kalló
authors.affiliation: Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Bernadett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Márkus
authors.affiliation: Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Eszter
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Deák
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Adrienne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Csutak
authors.affiliation: Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary. Electronic address: tozser@med.unideb.hu.
authors.forename: József
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tőzsér
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D057188:Workflow
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: AMP; Biomarker; Body fluid; Quantitative proteomics; Targeted proteomics