title: A Cytochrome P450 3A4 Biosensor Based on Generation 4.0 PAMAM Dendrimers for the Detection of Caffeine.
abstract: Cytochromes P450 (CYP, P450) are a large family of heme-active-site proteins involved in many catalytic processes, including steroidogenesis. In humans, four primary enzymes are involved in the metabolism of almost all xenobiotics. Among these enzymes, CYP3A4 is responsible for the inactivation of the majority of used drugs which makes this enzyme an interesting target for many fields of research, especially pharmaceutical research. Since the late 1970s, attempts have been made to construct and develop electrochemical sensors for the determination of substrates. This paper is concerned with the establishment of such a CYP3A4-containing biosensor. The sensor was constructed by adsorption of alternating layers of sub-nanometer gold particle-modified PAMAM (poly-amido-amine) dendrimers of generation 4.0, along with the enzyme by a layer-by-layer assembly technique. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to elucidate the sensor assembly. Additionally, the biosensor was tested by cyclic voltammetry using caffeine as a substrate.
authors.affiliation: KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Universität d. Saarlandes, Campus Geb. E7.1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany. mueller@kist-europe.de.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Universität d. Saarlandes, Campus Geb. E7.1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany. n.agarwal@kist-europe.de.
authors.forename: Neha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.affiliation: KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Universität d. Saarlandes, Campus Geb. E7.1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany. tais@kist-europe.de.
authors.forename: Jungtae
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002110:Caffeine; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D050091:Dendrimers / Q000737:chemistry*; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D053761:Nanocomposites; D055503:Protein Multimerization
chemical_list: D050091:Dendrimers; C104700:PAMAM Starburst; D002110:Caffeine; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; C510163:CYP3A4 protein, human
keywords: PAMAM dendrimers; biosensor; cytochrome P450; electrochemistry