title: Longitudinal study on clinical and microbial analysis of periodontal status in pregnancy.
abstract: This study was aimed to provide a longitudinal overview of the subgingival bacterial microbiome using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique, in women in the second trimester of pregnancy (between 14 and 24 weeks), and 48 h and 8 weeks postpartum. Of 31 women evaluated during pregnancy, 24 returned for the 48-h and 18 for their 8-week exams postpartum. Probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, and presence of calculus were recorded. Subgingival plaque samples were collected, and FISH was used to identify the numbers of eight periodontal pathogens. Friedman test was used to compare differences between follow-up examinations, followed by a multiple comparison test for a post hoc pairwise comparison. Clinically, a significantly greater number of teeth with PD = 4-5 mm were found during pregnancy than on postpartum examinations. Microbial analysis showed a statistically significant decrease in cell count over the study period for Prevotella nigrescens. P. intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, and Porphyromonas gingivalis also decrease, although not significantly, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans increased. No significant changes were found for Fusobacterium nucleatum, Treponema denticola, or Tannerella forsythia. Our data demonstrate a change in the subgingival microbiota during pregnancy, at least for P. nigrescens.
authors.affiliation: Centro Universitário Estácio Juiz de Fora, School of Dentistry, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Campos
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Biological Sciences Institute, Department of Ecology, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dionéia Evangelista
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Cesar
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Biological Sciences Institute, Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina Morais
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Apolônio
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Department of Statistics, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Claudio
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, School of Dentistry, Department of Social and Child Dentistry, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosangela Almeida
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D058491:Bacterial Load; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D005881:Gingiva / Q000382:microbiology*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D064307:Microbiota; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000382:microbiology; D010519:Periodontium / Q000382:microbiology*; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000382:microbiology; D012016:Reference Values; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D000070436:Tannerella forsythia / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult