title: Dynamic Forecasting Conditional Probability of Bombing Attacks Based on Time-Series and Intervention Analysis.
abstract: In recent years, various types of terrorist attacks occurred, causing worldwide catastrophes. According to the Global Terrorism Database (GTD), among all attack tactics, bombing attacks happened most frequently, followed by armed assaults. In this article, a model for analyzing and forecasting the conditional probability of bombing attacks (CPBAs) based on time-series methods is developed. In addition, intervention analysis is used to analyze the sudden increase in the time-series process. The results show that the CPBA increased dramatically at the end of 2011. During that time, the CPBA increased by 16.0% in a two-month period to reach the peak value, but still stays 9.0% greater than the predicted level after the temporary effect gradually decays. By contrast, no significant fluctuation can be found in the conditional probability process of armed assault. It can be inferred that some social unrest, such as America's troop withdrawal from Afghanistan and Iraq, could have led to the increase of the CPBA in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Pakistan. The integrated time-series and intervention model is used to forecast the monthly CPBA in 2014 and through 2064. The average relative error compared with the real data in 2014 is 3.5%. The model is also applied to the total number of attacks recorded by the GTD between 2004 and 2014.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Safety Science and Technology Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.|Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Shuying
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Safety Science and Technology Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shifei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shen
keywords: Bombing attack; conditional probability; intervention analysis; terrorist attack; time series