title: Impact of self-reported lifetime depression or anxiety on effectiveness of mass distribution of nicotine patches.
abstract: Large-scale public health initiatives providing free nicotine replacement therapy have been shown to increase smoking cessation rates; however, their effectiveness among the highly prevalent population of smokers with depression and anxiety disorders has not been explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of lifetime history of depression or anxiety on smoking cessation success following the free distribution of nicotine patches.
  
  
  
  In the context of a randomised controlled trial, a secondary analysis was conducted on 1000 adult regular smokers randomised to be mailed a 5-week supply of nicotine patches or to a no intervention control group. Participants were divided into subgroups based on the presence of self-reported lifetime diagnosis of depression and anxiety.
  
  
  
  Irrespective of self-reported lifetime history of depression or anxiety, odds of self-reported cessation at 6 months were significantly greater among groups receiving nicotine patches compared to no intervention control (no history of depression or anxiety: OR 2.20; 95% CI 1.05 to 4.63; history of depression or anxiety present: OR 3.90; 95% CI 1.28 to 11.88). Among nicotine patch recipients only, quit outcomes did not differ between those with and without self-reported lifetime depression or anxiety in models unadjusted and adjusted for differences in demographic and smoking characteristics.
  
  
  
  The mass distribution of free nicotine patches (without behavioural support) is effective among smokers with or without lifetime history of depression or anxiety alike, providing further support for the adoption of similar initiatives as a means of promoting tobacco cessation on a population level.
  
  
  
  NCT01429129, Post-results.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Vladyslav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kushnir
authors.affiliation: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Beth A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Sproule
authors.affiliation: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zawertailo
authors.affiliation: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Selby
authors.affiliation: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Rachel F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Tyndale
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Scott T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Leatherdale
authors.affiliation: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|National Institute for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cunningham
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety; D003863:Depression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D057566:Self Report; D012907:Smoking; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D061485:Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine
keywords: Cessation; Health Services; Priority/special populations