title: Effects of nanotopography on the in vitro hemocompatibility of nanocrystalline diamond coatings.
abstract: Nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) coatings have been investigated for improved wear resistance and enhanced hemocompatibility of cardiovascular devices. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of NCD surface nanotopography on in vitro hemocompatibility. NCD coatings with small (NCD-S) and large (NCD-L) grain sizes were deposited using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, contact angle testing, and Raman spectroscopy. NCD-S coatings exhibited average grain sizes of 50-80 nm (RMS 5.8 nm), while NCD-L coatings exhibited average grain sizes of 200-280 nm (RMS 23.1 nm). In vitro hemocompatibility testing using human blood included protein adsorption, hemolysis, nonactivated partial thromboplastin time, platelet adhesion, and platelet activation. Both NCD coatings demonstrated low protein adsorption, a nonhemolytic response, and minimal activation of the plasma coagulation cascade. Furthermore, the NCD coatings exhibited low thrombogenicity with minimal platelet adhesion and aggregation, and similar morphological changes to surface-bound platelets (i.e., activation) in comparison to the HDPE negative control material. For all assays, there were no significant differences in the blood-material interactions of NCD-S versus NCD-L. The two tested NCD coatings, regardless of nanotopography, had similar hemocompatibility profiles compared to the negative control material (HDPE) and should be further evaluated for use in blood-contacting medical devices. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 253-264, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.|Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland.
authors.forename: Shelby A
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9072-8561
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Skoog
authors.affiliation: Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland.
authors.forename: Qijin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Malinauskas
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois.
authors.forename: Anirudha V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Sumant
authors.affiliation: Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland.
authors.forename: Jiwen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland.
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Goering
authors.affiliation: Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Roger J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Narayan
authors.affiliation: Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland.
authors.forename: Brendan J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Casey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D058612:Nanodiamonds / Q000737:chemistry*; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D010973:Platelet Adhesiveness / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D058612:Nanodiamonds
keywords: blood; cardiovascular devices; hemocompatibility; nanocrystalline diamond; nanostructured topography