title: Effect of Combination of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Vitamin D Receptor Activators on Cardiac Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Rats.
abstract: The principle mediator of diabetic myocardial injury is oxidative stress. The aim was to compare the effect of monotherapy with enalapril, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and paricalcitol (vitamin D receptor activator), to the combined therapy with both drugs on the cardiac oxidant-antioxidant balance in the type 2 diabetic rats.
  
  
  
  A total of 50 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups, namely the normal control and diabetic, vehicle, enalapril, paricalcitol and paricalcitol and enalapril-treated groups. Enalapril was given at a dose of (25mg/L) in drinking water once daily and paricalcitol was given intraperitoneally (0.8μg/kg/3 × week) for 3 months. Glycemic status, cardiac oxidant-antioxidant parameters and histologic examination were determined.
  
  
  
  Paricalcitol and combined treatment significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the level of fasting, postprandial blood glucose, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance, cardiac malondialdehyde and nitric oxide. Moreover, they significantly (P < 0.01) increased the levels of insulin and c-peptide compared to diabetic control rats. Combined treatment significantly (P < 0.01) raised the level of glutathione, glutathione S-transferase and catalase more than monotherapy.
  
  
  
  The combination of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and vitamin D receptor activators has a superior effect on reducing cardiac oxidative stress by raising antioxidant activity than monotherapy in diabetic rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt. Electronic address: tarek70ali@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tarek Mohamed
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Osama Mahmoud
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Mehanna
authors.affiliation: College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Amgad Gaber
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Elsaid
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmad El
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Askary
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004656:Enalapril / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004872:Ergocalciferols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D004872:Ergocalciferols; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; C084656:paricalcitol; D004656:Enalapril
keywords: Diabetes; Enalapril; Oxidative stress; Paricalcitol; Streptozotocin