title: Concurrence of gestational diabetes and pre-gravid obesity ("diabesity") in twin gestations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of the concurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pre-gravid obesity in twin gestations ("diabesity").
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared perinatal outcomes of twin gestation in mothers with GDM and pre-gravid obesity (1.7%), mothers with GDM but with normal BMI (6.2%), and obese mothers without GDM (7.0%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twin pregnancies with "diabesity" were associated with significantly higher incidence of stillbirth (OR = 6.4; 95%CI = 1.4, 33.4) and existing chronic hypertension (OR = 4.2; 95%CI = 1.2, 14.8) than in GDM pregnancies without obesity, and with births at 33-36 weeks as compared with the other groups. Otherwise, the comparisons showed remarkable similar results in terms of gestational age, birth weight, preeclampsia, cesarean section rate, and fetal-neonatal outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It appears that diabesity has a relatively minor effect in twins. If this will be confirmed by other studies, it would be important to elucidate how twins ameliorate the adverse outcomes of diabesity.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Maternity Dr. Alfredo da Costa , Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central and Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal.
authors.forename: Teresinha
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.affiliation: a Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Maternity Dr. Alfredo da Costa , Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central and Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Queirós
authors.affiliation: a Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Maternity Dr. Alfredo da Costa , Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central and Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Valdoleiros
authors.affiliation: a Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Maternity Dr. Alfredo da Costa , Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central and Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana Teresa
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Marujo
authors.affiliation: a Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Maternity Dr. Alfredo da Costa , Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central and Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal.
authors.forename: Nisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Felix
authors.affiliation: a Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Maternity Dr. Alfredo da Costa , Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central and Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal.|b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kaplan Medical Center , Rehovot , Israel , and.|c The Hadassah-Hebrew University School of Medicine , Jerusalem , Israel.
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Blickstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D059285:Pregnancy, Twin; D050497:Stillbirth / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Gestational diabetes; obesity; twins