title: Histopathological changes of fibrosis in human extra-ocular muscle caused by botulinum toxin A.
abstract: We report the histopathological findings in 3 patients where injections of botulinum toxin were used prior to strabismus surgery. In all cases we found evidence of permanent extraocular muscle atrophy and fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Concord General Repatriation Hospital, Sydney. Electronic address: jili7637@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Sydney.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Allende
authors.affiliation: Westmead Children's Hospital, Sydney.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney.
authors.forename: Clare L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Fraser
mesh_terms: D001284:Atrophy; D001905:Botulinum Toxins; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D013285:Strabismus / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A