title: Inclusion Through Work and Productivity for Persons with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Employment provides an important avenue to social inclusion for most adults. A range of productivity options exist for persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) who wish to work, each offering unique challenges relative to inclusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  This qualitative study examined the productivity experiences of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities in Ontario, Canada. A purposive sample of 74 individuals with productivity experiences spanning the spectrum of no employment to community-based jobs was selected from a pool of volunteers recruited through a mailed survey. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with individuals and family members. Interview transcripts were subjected to a team-based analysis using grounded theory methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Varying needs and interests exist in regard to work. Participants revealed a multitude of factors contributing to inclusion and exclusion through productivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Productivity, whether paid or unpaid, can be an avenue to social inclusion. The experience of inclusion, particularly of belonging, depends on a successfully negotiated congruence between worker attributes and the social features and demands of the work environment.
authors.affiliation: School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lysaght
authors.affiliation: Human Services Research Institute, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Jami
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Petner-Arrey
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Howell-Moneta
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cobigo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004526:Efficiency; D004651:Employment / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012951:Socialization; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: belonging; choice; employment; social inclusion; volunteerism