title: Determination of dihydroartemisinic acid in Artemisia annua L. by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection.
abstract: Dihydroartemisinic acid (DHAA) is the direct precursor to artemisinin, an effective anti-malaria compound from Artemisia annua L. (A. annua), and it can be transformed to artemisinin without the catalysis of enzyme. A rapid and sensitive analysis of DHAA in A. annua is needed to screen excellent plant resources aimed to improve artemisinin production. In order to develop a rapid and sensitive determination method for DHAA in plant, the extraction and analysis conditions were extensively investigated in the present work. As a result, extraction of powdered A. annua leaves at 55°C for 50 min with chloroform resulted in the highest yield of DHAA, with a recovery of >98%. The precision of this gas chromatographic procedure ranged from 1.22 to 2.94% for intra-day and from 1.69 to 4.31% for inter-day, respectively. The accuracy was 99.55-103.02% for intra-day and 98.86-99.98% for inter-day, respectively. The measured LOQ and LOD values of the proposed method reached 5.00 and 2.00 μg/mL, respectively. Validation indicated the method was robust, quick, sensitive and adequate for DHAA analysis.
authors.affiliation: Hunan Collaborative Innovation for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, College of Horticulture and Hardening, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture and Hardening, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
authors.forename: Yuwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture and Hardening, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
authors.forename: Dongming
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Hunan Collaborative Innovation for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, College of Horticulture and Hardening, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.|Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture and Hardening, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
authors.forename: Zhonghua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Hunan Collaborative Innovation for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, College of Horticulture and Hardening, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.|Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture and Hardening, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
authors.forename: Shuoqian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D031172:Artemisia annua / Q000737:chemistry*; D037621:Artemisinins / Q000032:analysis*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D005410:Flame Ionization; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D037621:Artemisinins; D010936:Plant Extracts; C520462:dihydroartemisinic acid
keywords: Artemisia annua L; dihydroartemisinic acid; flame ionization detection; gas chromatograhpy; quantification