title: Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Recurrence-Recanalization or Rebirth?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bleeding secondary to recurrences of spontaneously obliterated arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is an extremely rare occurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a 25-year-old man with cerebellar hemorrhage secondary to a recurrent AVM. His current admission with bleeding from a ruptured cerebellar AVM followed a previous presentation 15 years earlier with the similar clinical picture of AVM rupture within the same vascular territory. At that time, he was managed conservatively with follow-up digital subtraction angiography (DSA) 2 years later, confirming no residuum of the AVM. At the current presentation, he had DSA confirming AVM recurrence. He was managed by complete excision of the AVM via a suboccipital craniotomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case illustrates the need for long-term imaging follow-up to exclude recanalization even many years after AVM obliteration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address: aymantawfig@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ayman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Hong Kuan
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kok
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Javadpour
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rawluk
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Hamed
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asadi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017542:Aneurysm, Ruptured / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Cerebral arteriovenous malformation; Rebleeding; Recanalization