title: Data Quality Influences Observed Links Between Functional Connectivity and Behavior.
abstract: A growing field of research explores links between behavioral measures and functional connectivity (FC) assessed using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Recent studies suggest that measurement of these relationships may be corrupted by head motion artifact. Using data from the Human Connectome Project (HCP), we find that a surprising number of behavioral, demographic, and physiological measures (23 of 122), including fluid intelligence, reading ability, weight, and psychiatric diagnostic scales, correlate with head motion. We demonstrate that "trait" (across-subject) and "state" (across-day, within-subject) effects of motion on FC are remarkably similar in HCP data, suggesting that state effects of motion could potentially mimic trait correlates of behavior. Thus, head motion is a likely source of systematic errors (bias) in the measurement of FC:behavior relationships. Next, we show that data cleaning strategies reduce the influence of head motion and substantially alter previously reported FC:behavior relationship. Our results suggest that spurious relationships mediated by head motion may be widespread in studies linking FC to behavior.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine at Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Siegel
authors.affiliation: Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine at Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Anish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mitra
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine at Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Laumann
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine at Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Seitzman
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine at Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.|Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine at Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raichle
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine at Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.|Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine at Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.|Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine at Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.|Department of Neuroscience at University of Padua, Padua 35122, Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Corbetta
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine at Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.|Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine at Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Abraham Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Snyder
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D001519:Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D063132:Connectome / Q000379:methods; D000068598:Data Accuracy; D006257:Head / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence / Q000502:physiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D009038:Motion; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: functional connectivity, head motion, IQ, movement, resting
                      state