title: Physical Behavior in Older Persons during Daily Life: Insights from Instrumented Shoes.
abstract: Activity level and gait parameters during daily life are important indicators for clinicians because they can provide critical insights into modifications of mobility and function over time. Wearable activity monitoring has been gaining momentum in daily life health assessment. Consequently, this study seeks to validate an algorithm for the classification of daily life activities and to provide a detailed gait analysis in older adults. A system consisting of an inertial sensor combined with a pressure sensing insole has been developed. Using an algorithm that we previously validated during a semi structured protocol, activities in 10 healthy elderly participants were recorded and compared to a wearable reference system over a 4 h recording period at home. Detailed gait parameters were calculated from inertial sensors. Dynamics of physical behavior were characterized using barcodes that express the measure of behavioral complexity. Activity classification based on the algorithm led to a 93% accuracy in classifying basic activities of daily life, i.e., sitting, standing, and walking. Gait analysis emphasizes the importance of metrics such as foot clearance in daily life assessment. Results also underline that measures of physical behavior and gait performance are complementary, especially since gait parameters were not correlated to complexity. Participants gave positive feedback regarding the use of the instrumented shoes. These results extend previous observations in showing the concurrent validity of the instrumented shoes compared to a body-worn reference system for daily-life physical behavior monitoring in older adults.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. christopher.moufawadelachkar@epfl.ch.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moufawad El Achkar
authors.affiliation: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Service de gériatrie et réadaptation gériatrique, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. constanze.hoskovec@chuv.ch.
authors.forename: Constanze
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lenoble-Hoskovec
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. anisoara.ionescu@epfl.ch.
authors.forename: Anisoara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paraschiv-Ionescu
authors.affiliation: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Service de gériatrie et réadaptation gériatrique, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. kristof.major@chuv.ch.
authors.forename: Kristof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Major
authors.affiliation: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Service de gériatrie et réadaptation gériatrique, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. christophe.bula@chuv.ch.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Büla
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. kamiar.aminian@epfl.ch.
authors.forename: Kamiar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aminian
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D012775:Shoes; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: activity classification; behavioral complexity; gait analysis; inertial measurement unit; pressure insole; wearable sensors