title: Effect of ethnicity on live birth rates after in vitro fertilisation/intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment: analysis of UK national database.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of ethnicity of women on the outcome of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  UK National Database.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 2000 to 2010 involving 38 709 women undergoing their first IVF/ICSI cycle were analysed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anonymous data were obtained from the Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority (HFEA), the statutory regulator of IVF and ICSI treatment in the UK. Data analysis was performed by regression analysis with adjustment for age, cause and type of infertility and treatment type (IVF or ICSI) to express results as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Live birth rate per cycle of IVF or ICSI treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While white Irish (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.60-0.90), Indian (0.85; 0.75-0.97), Bangladeshi (0.53: 0.33-0.85), Pakistani (0.68; 0.58-0.80), Black African (0.60; 0.51-0.72), and other non-Caucasian Asian (0.86; 0.73-0.99) had a significantly lower odds of live birth rates per fresh IVF/ICSI cycle than White British women, ethnic groups of White European (1.04; 0.96-1.13), Chinese (1.12; 0.77-1.64), Black Caribbean (0.76; 0.51-1.13), Middle Eastern (0.73; 0.51-1.04), Mediterranean European (1.18; 0.83-1.70) and Mixed race population (0.94; 0.73-1.19) had live birth rates that did not differ significantly. The cumulative live birth rates showed similar patterns across different ethnic groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ethnicity is a major determinant of IVF/ICSI treatment outcome as indicated by significantly lower live birth rates in some of the ethnic minority groups compared with white British women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ethnicity affects IVF outcome with lower live birth rates in some ethnic groups more than in white British.
authors.affiliation: Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maalouf
authors.affiliation: Prevention, Treatment and Rehabilitation Section, United Nations Office, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maalouf
authors.affiliation: Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.|Derby Fertility Unit, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jayaprakasan
mesh_terms: D001723:Birth Rate / Q000208:ethnology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D050498:Live Birth / Q000208:ethnology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom
keywords: Assisted conception; embryo; ethnicity; infertility; intracytoplasmic sperm injection; in vitro fertilisation; live birth