title: Cost-Effectiveness of Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart Versus Biphasic Insulin Aspart in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes from a Danish Health-Care Perspective.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the co-formulation insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) versus biphasic insulin aspart (BIAsp 30), both administered twice daily, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), using a short-term cost-effectiveness model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from two phase 3a treat-to-target clinical trials were used to populate a simple and transparent short-term cost-effectiveness model. The costs and effects of treatment with IDegAsp versus BIAsp 30 were calculated over a 5-year period, from a Danish health-care cost perspective. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the degree of uncertainty and robustness of the results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The base-case incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of 81,507.91 Danish Kroner (DKK) per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) demonstrates that IDegAsp is a cost-effective treatment compared with BIAsp 30, over a 5-year time horizon. One-way sensitivity analyses show that the ICERs remain within an acceptable range when the rates of hypoglycemia, unit cost of hypoglycemia, disutilities of hypoglycemic events, and the time horizon are varied, ranging from 71,012 DKK to 209,446 DKK. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the probability that IDegAsp is cost-effective relative to BIAsp 30 is 99.50%, assuming a cost-effectiveness threshold of 250,000 DKK per QALY.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This short-term cost-effectiveness model shows that IDegAsp is a cost-effective treatment compared with BIAsp 30 for patients with T2DM. This result is primarily driven by significant reductions in severe hypoglycemia and insulin dose observed with IDegAsp versus BIAsp 30. Sensitivity analyses demonstrate the robustness of these results.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Novo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Llandough, Cardiff, UK. marclyndon1@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.affiliation: Global Market Access, Novo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gundgaard
authors.affiliation: Global Market Access, Novo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Brian Bekker
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Hansen
keywords: Cost-effectiveness; Insulin analogs; Pharmacoeconomics; Type 2 diabetes mellitus