title: Increase in antioxidant activity by sheep/goat whey protein through nuclear factor-like 2 (Nrf2) is cell type dependent.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms through which sheep/goat whey protein exerts its antioxidant activity. Thus, it was examined whey protein's effects on the expression of transcription factor, nuclear factor-like 2 (Nrf2) and on the expression and activity of a number of antioxidant and phase II enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), synthase glutamyl cysteine (GCS) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST), in muscle C2C12 and EA.hy926 endothelial cells. C2C12 and EA.hy926 cells were treated with sheep/goat whey protein (0.78 and 3.12 mg/ml) and incubated for 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h. Whey protein increased significantly the expression of Nrf2 only in EA.hy926 cells. Also, the expression of SOD, HO-1, CAT and the activity of SOD, CAT and GST were increased significantly in both cells types. The expression of GCS was increased significantly only in C2C12 cells. Sheep/goat whey protein was shown for the first time to exert its antioxidant activity through Nrf2-dependent mechanism in endothelial cells and Nrf2-independent mechanism in muscle cells. Thus, Nrf2 could be a target for food supplements containing whey protein in order to prevent oxidative stress damages and diseases related to endothelium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41221, Greece. Electronic address: e-f-thalia@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Efthalia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kerasioti
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41221, Greece. Electronic address: stagkos@uth.gr.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stagos
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41221, Greece. Electronic address: angetzimi@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Aggeliki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tzimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41221, Greece. Electronic address: dkouret@uth.gr.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kouretas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006041:Goats; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D012756:Sheep; D000067816:Whey Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D000067816:Whey Proteins
keywords: Antioxidant; C2C12; EA.hy926; Nrf2; Whey protein