title: Pesticide exposure and risk of bladder cancer: A meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the correlation between pesticide exposure and the risk of bladder cancer by summarizing the results of published case-control and cohort studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic literature search of articles update to February 2015 was conducted via Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases, and the references of the retrieved articles. Fixed- or random-effect models were used to summarize the estimates of OR with 95% CIs for the highest versus the lowest exposure of pesticide.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pooled OR estimates indicated that pesticide exposure was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer (OR=1.649, 95% CI 1.223-2.223). In subgroup analysis, we detected pesticide exposure demonstrated as a significant risk factor on bladder cancer in America (OR=1.741, 95% CI 1.270-2.388). Similar results were discovered in both case-control group and cohort group (OR=2.075, 95% CI 1.183-3.638, OR=1.146, 95% CI 1.074-1.223, respectively). No evidence of publication bias was found by Begg's or Egger's test (P = 0.210, P = 0.358, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, our meta-analysis indicated that pesticide exposure was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer. Further researches should be conducted to confirm the findings in our study and better clarify the potential biological mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shiqi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiangyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Alin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010575:Pesticides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012306:Risk; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides
keywords: bladder cancer; epidemiology; meta-analysis; pesticide exposure