title: Salvage Percutaneous Vertebral Augmentation Using Polymethyl Methacrylate in Patients with Failed Interbody Fusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Percutaneous vertebral augmentation with cement is used as a salvage procedure for failed instrumentation. Few studies have reported the use of this procedure for failed anterior lumbar fusion in elderly patients with osteoporosis and other complicated diseases who have undergone a previous major operation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2007 and December 2015, the clinical and radiographic results of 8 patients with osteoporosis who showed subsidence and migration of the implant after an initial operation were examined. After the development of implant failure, the patients underwent vertebral augmentation with polymethyl methacrylate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean patient age was 73.4 years (range, 67-78 years), and mean bone mineral density was -2.96 (range, -2.1 to -3.8). The mean radiologic follow-up period between augmentation and the last follow-up examination was 16 months (range, 3-38 months). Although the subjective clinical outcome was not satisfying to the patients, no loss of correction, fractures, or screw loosening occurred during the follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The injection of cement around the instrument might help to stabilize it by providing strength to the axis and preventing further loosening. This salvage procedure could be an alternative in the management of cases with failed interbody fusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Spine Health Wooridul Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Ju
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Spine Health Wooridul Hospital, Busan, Korea. Electronic address: bswooridul21@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Byeong-Wook
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Spine Health Wooridul Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeong-Seok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Spine Health Wooridul Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Hyeop
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Spine Health Wooridul Hospital Gangnam, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010024:Osteoporosis; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D013123:Spinal Fusion; D013131:Spine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D017211:Treatment Failure; D054854:Vertebroplasty / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate
keywords: Failed interbody fusion; Polymethyl methacrylate; Salvage augmentation; Vertebroplasty