title: Alcohol use in the prehospital setting: a diagnostic challenge in patients treated by a physician staffed mobile intensive care unit.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alcohol use among emergency patients has been studied earlier, but the data regarding alcohol use especially among critically ill and injured patients treated in the prehospital setting is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of alcohol use and the characteristics of cases attended by a physician staffed mobile intensive care unit (MICU).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a 2 month period, exhaled air alcohol concentration-measured as a part of routine patient examination in all adolescent and adult patients treated by the MICU-was recorded. The MICU encountered 258 patients, of which 82 could be tested for alcohol use. Of the tested patients 43 % gave a positive breath test result. Proportion of male patients providing a positive result in the breath test did not differ significantly those of women. The primary reason for not to test the patient was a decreased level of consciousness in one-fifth of the initial 258 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant proportion (47 %) of the encountered patients could not be tested due to their critical condition. Alcohol use was observed in 43 % of those capable of providing a breath test sample. The rate of positive tests seemed to be higher than those reported from emergency departments. Novel diagnostic methods to detect alcohol consumption in non-cooperative patients are warranted.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Terhi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kauppila
authors.affiliation: Emergency Medical Services, Tampere University Hospital, Tays, PL2000, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Janne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Virta
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lindgren
authors.affiliation: FinnHEMS R&D, WTC Helsinki Airport, Lentäjäntie 3, 01530 Vantaa, Finland.
authors.forename: Ilkka
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Virkkunen
authors.affiliation: Emergency Medical Services, Tampere University Hospital, Tays, PL2000, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kämäräinen
keywords: Alcohol; Diagnostics; Emergency; Intoxication; Out-of-hospital; Prehospital