title: Orthopedic implant biomaterials with both osteogenic and anti-infection capacities and associated in vivo evaluation methods.
abstract: Osteogenicity (i.e., properties that promote new bone formation on and around the implant) has long been a clinical requirement for most orthopedic implants. Recently, anti-infection or antibacterial properties have become critical for orthopedic implants (especially without the use of antibiotics). Ideally, orthopedic implant materials with simultaneous anti-infection and osteogenic capacities are extremely promising for orthopedic applications, but such materials are not widely available to date and have only recently been researched. In the first part of this review, numerous attractive material formulations that exhibit both antibacterial and osteogenic capacities as well as surface modification strategies that enhance such capacities are introduced. Several possible mechanisms underlying simultaneous antibacterial and osteogenic properties are also discussed. In the second part of this review, evaluation methods including animal models, analytical tools and available guidelines for assessing antibacterial and osteogenic properties of implantable materials in vivo are summarized and discussed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopaedics and Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China; International Research Center for Translational Orthopaedics (IRCTO), Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopaedics and Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China; International Research Center for Translational Orthopaedics (IRCTO), Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Shaofeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Kalyn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopaedics and Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China; International Research Center for Translational Orthopaedics (IRCTO), Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Huilin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; International Research Center for Translational Orthopaedics (IRCTO), Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China. Electronic address: th.webster@neu.edu.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopaedics and Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China; International Research Center for Translational Orthopaedics (IRCTO), Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China. Electronic address: leiy@suda.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D010012:Osteogenesis; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible
keywords: Anti-bacterial; In vivo evaluation; Infection; Orthopedic implants; Osteogenicity