title: Sulfatides in extracellular vesicles isolated from plasma of multiple sclerosis patients.
abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane nanovesicles of diverse sizes secreted by different cell types and are involved in intercellular communication. EVs shuttle proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids that reflect their cellular origin and could mediate their biological function in recipient cells. EVs circulate in biological fluids and are considered as potential biomarkers that could be used to analyze and characterize disease development, course and response to treatment. EVs exhibit specific distribution of glycolipids and membrane organization, but little is known about the biological significance of this distribution or how it could contribute to pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS). We provide the first description of sulfatide composition in plasma-derived EVs by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. We found that EVs of different sizes showed C16:0 sulfatide but no detectable levels of C18:0, C24:0, or C24:1 sulfatide species. Small EVs isolated at 100,000 × g-enriched in exosomes-from plasma of patients with MS showed a significant increase of C16:0 sulfatide compared with healthy controls. Nanoparticle tracking analysis showed that the particle size distribution in MS plasma was significantly different compared with healthy controls. Characterization of small EVs isolated from MS plasma showed similar protein content and similar levels of exosomal markers (Alix, Rab-5B) and vesicular marker MHC class I (major histocompatibility complex class I) compared with healthy controls. Our findings indicate that C16:0 sulfatide associated with small EVs is a candidate biomarker for MS that could potentially reflect pathological changes associated with this disease and/or the effects of its treatment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Ana Lis
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Moyano
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Guannan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Anne I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Boullerne
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.|Department of Veterans Affairs, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Douglas L
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2815-2885
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Feinstein
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurosciences, Orthopedics and Spine, PC in Dakota Dunes, South Dakota.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hartman
authors.affiliation: Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Demetrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Skias
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Roumen
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Balavanov
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: van Breemen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Ernesto R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Bongarzone
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jan-Eric
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Månsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. mgivogri@uic.edu.
authors.forename: Maria I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Givogri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D022162:Cytoplasmic Vesicles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000067128:Extracellular Vesicles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005805:Genes, MHC Class I; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010316:Particle Size; D013433:Sulfoglycosphingolipids / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D013433:Sulfoglycosphingolipids
keywords: biomarker; extracellular vesicles; multiple sclerosis; plasma vesicles; sulfatides