title: Differences in the effect of exercise interventions between prefrail older adults and older adults without frailty: A pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to clarify whether there are differences in the effect of exercise interventions between prefrail older adults and older adults without frailty.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants were community-dwelling older adults (mean age 75.1 ± 5.1 years). The participants were instructed to use a training method at home to prevent frailty. The effects of the intervention were evaluated at 4 months. Outcome measures were the Timed Up and Go test, grip strength, one leg balance, knee extension strength and the fall risk index. The present study used the criteria for frailty status of the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology in Japan. The studied sample included prefrail participants (n = 17) and robust participants (n = 24). We compared the value of outcome measures before and after the intervention in each group using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences for the group effect for one leg balance (P < 0.01), and there were significant differences for the time effect for Timed Up and Go, one leg balance and knee extension strength (P < 0.01). In these outcomes, there were no significant interactions between frailty status and intervention. Four prefrail participants (mean age 78.0 ± 3.8 years) returned to the robust status after the intervention. No participants became frail.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that we can expect similar interventional effects for prefrail older adults and robust older adults. It is important that a frail status be prevented in prefrail older adults by using an exercise intervention. Further studies are required to determine the different effects of exercise intervention on prefrail status compared with frailty status in community-dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1265-1269.
authors.affiliation: Center of Assistive Robotics and Rehabilitation for Longevity and Good Health, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan.|Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiko
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2623-0405
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Teranishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kinjo University, Hakusan, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Toyoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.|Fujita Memorial Nanakuri Institute, Fujita Health University, Tsu, Mie, Japan.
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Shiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitaji
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kinjo University, Hakusan, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sawa
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshikiyo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanada
authors.affiliation: President, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toba
authors.affiliation: Center of Assistive Robotics and Rehabilitation for Longevity and Good Health, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kondo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly; D000073496:Frailty / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: community-dwelling older adults; exercise intervention; health science; prefrailty