title: Cubosome nanoparticles potentiate immune properties of immunostimulants.
abstract: Cubosomes have been explored as drug and antigen carriers in the past few years. A few reports have described that cubosomes can enhance the ability of immunostimulants to generate strong immune responses. Polysaccharide (PS), an immunostimulant, has been reported to be a promising adjuvant for vaccines. Herein, we incorporated PS into cubosomes to generate PS-cubosome (Cub-PS) nanoparticles, and Cub-PS was characterized by small-angle X-ray scattering scattering and cryo-field emission scanning electron microscopy. The immunological activity of Cub-PS was compared with that of Cub and PS. The results demonstrated that Cub-PS elicited more potent immune responses than Cub or PS alone. The enhanced immune responses might be attributed to the promotion of antigen transport into draining lymph nodes and efficient dendritic cell activation and memory T-helper cell differentiation in draining lymph nodes. Overall, these findings indicate that cubosomes have the potential to enhance the ability of immunostimulants to generate an immune response.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhenguang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Sisi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yale
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ruonan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yee
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhihua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Deyun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens; D020285:Cryoelectron Microscopy; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D053838:Scattering, Small Angle; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D014612:Vaccines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000941:Antigens; D016207:Cytokines; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014612:Vaccines
keywords: cryo-FESEM; cubosomes; dendritic cells; lymph nodes; memory T-helper cells; polysaccharides