title: Effects of intraperitoneally administered L-histidine on food intake, taste, and visceral sensation in rats.
abstract: To evaluate relative factors for anorectic effects of L-histidine, we performed behavioral experiments for measuring food and fluid intake, conditioned taste aversion (CTA), taste disturbance, and c-Fos immunoreactive (Fos-ir) cells before and after i.p. injection with L-histidine in rats. Animals were injected with saline (9 ml/kg, i.p.) for a control group, and saline (9 ml/kg, i.p.) containing L-histidine (0.75, 1.5, 2.0 g/kg) for a L-histidine group. Injection of L-histidine decreased the average value of food intake, and statistically significant anorectic effects were found in animals injected with 1.5 or 2.0 g/kg L-histidine but not with 0.75 g/kg L-histidine. Taste abnormalities were not detected in any of the groups. Animals injected with 2.0 g/kg L-histidine were revealed to present with nausea by the measurement of CTA. In this group, a significant increase in the number of Fos-ir cells was detected both in the area postrema and the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). In the 0.75 g/kg L-histidine group, a significant increase in the number of Fos-ir cells was detected only in the NTS. When the ventral gastric branch vagotomy was performed, recovery from anorexia became faster than the sham-operated group, however, vagotomized rats injected with 2.0 g/kg L-histidine still acquired CTA. These data indicate that acute anorectic effects induced by highly concentrated L-histidine are partly caused by induction of nausea and/or visceral discomfort accompanied by neuronal activities in the NTS and the area postrema. We suggest that acute and potent effects of L-histidine on food intake require substantial amount of L-histidine in the diet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gerodontology, Division of Oral Health Science, Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan.|Department of Dental Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Kita-ku, Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan.|Department of Oral Physiology, Division of Oral Functional Sciences, Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okusha
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Physiology, Division of Oral Functional Sciences, Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Physiology, Division of Oral Functional Sciences, Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maezawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Physiology, Division of Oral Functional Sciences, Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hisadome
authors.affiliation: Department of Gerodontology, Division of Oral Health Science, Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Gerodontology, Division of Oral Health Science, Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Physiology, Division of Oral Functional Sciences, Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan. mfuna@den.hokudai.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-660X
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Funahashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001067:Appetite Depressants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D031608:Area Postrema / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D006639:Histidine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017552:Solitary Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D013649:Taste / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D014628:Vagotomy; D059265:Visceral Pain / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D001067:Appetite Depressants; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D006639:Histidine
keywords: Anorexia; Area postrema; CTA; L-histidine; NTS; Rats; Visceral sensation