title: A survey of anatomical items relevant to the practice of rheumatology: upper extremity, head, neck, spine, and general concepts.
abstract: This study aimed to identify the anatomical items of the upper extremity and spine that are potentially relevant to the practice of rheumatology. Ten rheumatologists interested in clinical anatomy who published, taught, and/or participated as active members of Clinical Anatomy Interest groups (six seniors, four juniors), participated in a one-round relevance Delphi exercise. An initial, 560-item list that included 45 (8.0 %) general concepts items; 138 (24.8 %) hand items; 100 (17.8 %) forearm and elbow items; 147 (26.2 %) shoulder items; and 130 (23.2 %) head, neck, and spine items was compiled by 5 of the participants. Each item was graded for importance with a Likert scale from 1 (not important) to 5 (very important). Thus, scores could range from 10 (1 × 10) to 50 (5 × 10). An item score of ≥40 was considered most relevant to competent practice as a rheumatologist. Mean item Likert scores ranged from 2.2 ± 0.5 to 4.6 ± 0.7. A total of 115 (20.5 %) of the 560 initial items reached relevance. Broken down by categories, this final relevant item list was composed by 7 (6.1 %) general concepts items; 32 (27.8 %) hand items; 20 (17.4 %) forearm and elbow items; 33 (28.7 %) shoulder items; and 23 (17.6 %) head, neck, and spine items. In this Delphi exercise, a group of practicing academic rheumatologists with an interest in clinical anatomy compiled a list of anatomical items that were deemed important to the practice of rheumatology. We suggest these items be considered curricular priorities when training rheumatology fellows in clinical anatomy skills and in programs of continuing rheumatology education.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Ángeles de Tijuana, Tijuana, BC, Mexico.|Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Mexico.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Villaseñor-Ovies
authors.affiliation: Hospital General de Chilpancingo Raymundo Abarca Alarcón, Chilpancingo, Gro, Mexico.|Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, Gro, Mexico.
authors.forename: José Eduardo
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Navarro-Zarza
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Antonio Fraga Mouret, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico. miansaavsa@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Miguel Ángel
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Saavedra
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Ultrasonido Musculoesquelético y Articular, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, México, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hernández-Díaz
authors.affiliation: Centro Médico ABC, México, DF, Mexico.|Tufts Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Juan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Canoso
authors.affiliation: Tulane Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Biundo
authors.affiliation: Tufts Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kalish
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidad La Coruña (UDC), Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: de Toro Santos
authors.affiliation: UK National Institute for Health Research Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McGonagle
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.|University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carette
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Nemegyei
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000715:Anatomy / Q000193:education*; D001132:Arm / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004501:Education, Medical; D006257:Head / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D009333:Neck / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012219:Rheumatology / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods*; D013131:Spine / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013223:Statistics as Topic
keywords: Clinical anatomy; Physical examination; Regional pain syndromes; Rheumatology education