title: Depression in romanian patients with type 2 diabetes: prevalence and risk factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Co-existing major depression was found to have a negative impact on the diabetes outcome and the quality of life. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms in Romanian diabetes patients and to identify the risk factors associated with depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 144 type 2 diabetes patients were included in the study. Five models of presumed predictors were used to assess the risk factors for depressive symptoms, using hierarchical regression analysis. Together with demographics, disease, lifestyle predictors, previous depressive symptoms and diabetes distress were taken into account.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our sample the prevalence of depression was 12.6%. Main risk factors for depressive symptoms were previous depressive symptoms which were associated with depression in both Model 4 (β=0.297, p=0.013) and Model 5 (β=0.239, p=0.017) and diabetes distress in Model 5 (β=0.540, p≤0.001). Employment (β =-0.276, p=0.029) and increased number of diabetes complications (β=0.236, p=0.017) became significant when diabetes distress was added to the analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was found to be in range with the prevalence identified in the literature. Previous depression and diabetes distress were both independently associated with depression, confirming the bidirectional relationship between depression and diabetes distress. Due to the consequences for daily living, screening for diabetes distress and depression should be done in primary care units both by physicians and trained nurses.
authors.affiliation: Center for Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, Romania; Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj, Romania.
authors.forename: Andreia S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Mocan
authors.affiliation: Center for Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, Romania.
authors.forename: Silvia S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Iancu
authors.affiliation: Center for Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, Romania.
authors.forename: Livia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duma
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj, Romania.
authors.forename: Camelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mureseanu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj, Romania.
authors.forename: Adriana S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Baban
keywords: depression; diabetes distress; type 2 diabetes