title: A retrospective comparison study of the infra-mammary approach to the standard mastectomy scar in the 2nd stage of tissue expander to implant breast reconstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Staged expander-to-implant breast reconstruction is plagued by a high prevalence of complications. We have employed an alternative approach of using the infra-mammary crease (IMF) for expander-to-implant exchange. The IMF approach was thought to utilize healthier tissues, which are believed to be less affected by the process of tissue expansion, and reside distant from the field of the radiotherapy boost.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients undergoing a staged implant-based breast reconstruction from 2009 to 2014. Patients were divided into those that received an IMF vs. a mastectomy scar (MS) approach in the second stage of expander-to-implant exchange. Patient characteristics and postoperative complications were extracted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 75 patients undergoing 96-staged reconstructions were included (70 cases MS vs. 26 cases IMF). Patient demographics and implant characteristics were similar between groups. There were no significant differences in overall complications between the groups (11.4% MS vs. 7.7% IMF, P=0.72). All cases of implant exposure occurred in the MS group and had a history of radiation. However, there was no statistical difference in implant exposure between groups (4.3% MS vs. 0% IMF, P=0.56) or in the irradiated patients subgroup (20% MS vs. 0% IMF, P=0.25).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, the IMF approach for the second stage of expander-to-implant exchange is an alternative technique with a similar prevalence of complications as the traditional mastectomy scar approach. This technique may prove useful in reducing postoperative incisional dehiscence and implant exposure, especially in the context of radiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: University of Montreal Health Care Center (CHUM), Notre-Dame Hospital, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1560, Sherbrooke East Street, H2L 4M1 Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karunanayake
authors.affiliation: University of Montreal Health Care Center (CHUM), Notre-Dame Hospital, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1560, Sherbrooke East Street, H2L 4M1 Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boghossian
authors.affiliation: University of Montreal Health Care Center (CHUM), Notre-Dame Hospital, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1560, Sherbrooke East Street, H2L 4M1 Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Govshievich
authors.affiliation: University of Montreal Health Care Center (CHUM), Notre-Dame Hospital, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1560, Sherbrooke East Street, H2L 4M1 Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bernier
authors.affiliation: University of Montreal Health Care Center (CHUM), Notre-Dame Hospital, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1560, Sherbrooke East Street, H2L 4M1 Montreal, QC, Canada. Electronic address: michel.alain.danino@umontreal.ca.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Danino
mesh_terms: D018427:Breast Implants; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000601:surgery; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D008408:Mastectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015625:Tissue Expansion Devices
keywords: Approche par sillon sous-mammaire; Complications; Expander-to-implant reconstruction; Infra-mammary crease approach; Reconstruction mammaire par étapes; Second stage; Staged breast reconstruction; Échange expanseur à prothèse