title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in brown trout: Interference of estrogenic and androgenic inputs in primary hepatocytes.
abstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a pivotal regulator of lipid and glucose metabolism in vertebrates. Here, we isolated and characterized for the first time the PPARγ gene from brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario). Hormones have been reported to interfere with the regulatory function of PPARγ in various organisms, albeit with little focus on fish. Thus, primary hepatocytes isolated from juveniles of brown trout were exposed to 1, 10 and 50μM of ethinylestradiol (EE2) or testosterone (T). A significant (3 fold) decrease was obtained in response to 50μM of EE2 and to 10 and 50μM of T (13 and 14 folds), while a 3 fold increase was observed at 1μM of EE2. Therefore, trout PPARγ seems a target for natural/synthetic compounds with estrogenic or androgenic properties and so, we advocate considering PPARγ as another alert sensor gene when assessing the effects of sex-steroid endocrine disruptors.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), U.Porto - University of Porto, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Célia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), U.Porto - University of Porto, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: tvmadureira@icbas.up.pt.
authors.forename: Tânia Vieira
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Madureira
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), U.Porto - University of Porto, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Nádia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), U.Porto - University of Porto, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ivone
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), U.Porto - University of Porto, Department of Biology, Rua do Campo Alegre, P 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: L Filipe C
authors.initials: LFC
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), U.Porto - University of Porto, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rocha
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000728:Androgens / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014337:Trout / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D004967:Estrogens; D047495:PPAR gamma; D013739:Testosterone; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol
keywords: Endocrine disruption; Ethinylestradiol; Fish; Liver; Nuclear receptors; Testosterone