title: Retinal measures correlate with cognitive and physical disability in early multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Further studies are needed to determine the role of retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) in non-optic neuritis (ON) eyes of patients with early MS. The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between retinal layers' thickness and cognitive as well as physical disability in patients with the early RRMS. Participants in this cross-sectional study were adults with early RRMS, stable on interferon beta-1a, or fingolimod therapy, and without a history of ON in one or both eyes. Patients were evaluated clinically, underwent a battery of cognitive tests, and a retinal OCT scan which was also performed on a group of healthy age- and gender-matched controls. We studied 47 patients with RRMS, on interferon beta-1a (N = 32) or fingolimod (N = 15), and 18 healthy controls. Multivariate analyses controlling for age, disease duration, treatment, and education when exploring cognitive function, showed that pRNFL thickness correlated negatively with 9HPT (standardized Beta -0.4, p < 0.0001), and positively with SDMT (standardized Beta 0.72, p = 0.007). In patients with early RRMS without optic neuropathy, retinal thickness measures correlated with physical disability and cognitive disability, supporting their potential as biomarkers of axonal loss.
authors.affiliation: Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center, American University of Beirut and Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Nabil K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: El Ayoubi
authors.affiliation: Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center, American University of Beirut and Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghassan
authors.affiliation: Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center, American University of Beirut and Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Said
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Joelle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Allam
authors.affiliation: Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center, American University of Beirut and Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon.|Faculty of Medicine, Hariri School of Nursing, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Hala
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Darwish
authors.affiliation: Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center, American University of Beirut and Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon. sk88@aub.edu.lb.|Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. sk88@aub.edu.lb.
authors.forename: Samia J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Khoury
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012160:Retina / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cognitive function; Multiple sclerosis; Optical coherence tomography; Physical disability; Retinal measures