title: Parthenolide Induces Apoptosis in Committed Progenitor AML Cell line U937 via Reduction in Osteopontin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interfering with cell proliferation and survival is a critical role for antineoplastic drugs leading to cell death through induction of apoptosis. Alternative treatments with herbal extracts offer insights into acute myeloid leukemia (AML) therapy. Parthenolide (PTL), an extract from feverfew, induces apoptosis in primary human leukemia stem cells (LSCs) and bulk leukemic cell populations. Osteopontin (OPN) preserves cell viability in response to anticancer agents and its receptors could be utilized for therapeutic targeting of cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  U937 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 with concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 µM PTL for 20-24 hours for MTT assays. Apoptosis assays were performed with Annexin V-Alexa Fluor-488/PI as Annexin V+/PI- and Annexin V+/PI+ to measure early and late apoptosis, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure OPN gene expression using the 2(-ΔΔCt) method. The PTL-treated cells were stained with FITC-CD38 antibody for flow cytometry analyses. Data were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) by SPSS 19.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parthenolide inhibited growth of U937 cells with IC25 and IC50 values of 4 and 5.8 µM, respectively. Death induction with PTL was apoptotic. Flow cytometry showed a significant decrease in the percentage of CD38+ U937 cells in response to PTL. Osteopontin gene expression decreased in response to PTL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PTL induced apoptosis and reduced OPN gene expression in U937 cells.
authors.affiliation: Blood Transfusion Research center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zahedpanah
authors.affiliation: Blood Transfusion Research center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mojgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shaiegan
authors.affiliation: Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Hamidollah
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ghaffari
authors.affiliation: Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nikbakht
authors.affiliation: Blood Transfusion Research center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nikugoftar
authors.affiliation: Blood Transfusion Research center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
keywords: AML cell line U937; Osteopontin; Parthenolide