title: Emotional Demands at Work and the Risk of Clinical Depression: A Longitudinal Study in the Danish Public Sector.
abstract: This study is a 2-year follow-up study of different dimensions of work-related emotional demands as a predictor for clinical depression.
  
  
  
  In a two-wave study, 3224 (72%) public employees from 474 work-units participated twice by filling in questionnaires. Sixty-two cases of clinical depression were diagnosed. Emotional demands were examined as perceived and content-related emotional demands, individually reported and work-unit based. Support, meaningful work, and enrichment were considered as potential effect modifiers.
  
  
  
  Individually reported perceived emotional demands predicted depression (odds ratio: 1.40; 95% confidence intervals: 1.02 to 1.92). The work-unit based odds ratio was in the same direction, though not significant. Content-related emotional demands did not predict depression. Support, meaningful work, and enrichment did not modify the results.
  
  
  
  The personal perception of emotional demands was a risk factor for clinical depression but specific emotionally demanding work tasks were not.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke (Vammen, Drs Mikkelsen, Bonde, Thomsen); Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen (Drs Hansen, Grynderup, Rugulies); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen (Drs Hansen, Rugulies); Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital (Dr Kolstad); Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (Dr Kærlev); Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital (Dr Kærlev); Research Department P, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov (Dr Mors); and Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Rugulies).
authors.forename: Marianne Agergaard
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vammen
authors.forename: Sigurd
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mikkelsen
authors.forename: Åse Marie
authors.initials: ÅM
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Jens Peter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bonde
authors.forename: Matias B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Grynderup
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kolstad
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kærlev
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mors
authors.forename: Reiner
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rugulies
authors.forename: Jane Frlund
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Thomsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003718:Denmark; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017150:Public Sector; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology*