title: Primary malignant myelomatous pleural effusion.
abstract: Primary malignant myelomatous pleural effusion (PMMPE) occurs in less than 1% of patients with multiple myeloma and is diagnosed either by visualization of plasma cells on cytology or by positive flow cytometry. The presence of immature plasma cells characterized by high nucleus to cytoplasm ratio, visible nucleolus and presence of Mott cells and Russell bodies are independent poor prognostic factors. The clinician should differentiate PMMPE from secondary pleural effusion as it is associated with a significantly worse prognosis and poor overall survival.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology / Oncology Department of Internal Medicine John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County 1901 West Harrison Street Chicago Illinois 60612 USA.
authors.forename: Ankit
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6789-4315
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mangla
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology / Oncology John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County 1901 West Harrison Street Chicago Illinois 60612 USA.
authors.forename: Nikki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Pathology Department of Pathology John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County University of Illinois at Chicago 1901 West Harrison Street Chicago Illinois 60612 USA.
authors.forename: George J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology / Oncology Department of Internal Medicine John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County 1901 West Harrison Street Chicago Illinois 60612 USA.
authors.forename: Rosalind
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Catchatourian
keywords: Mott cells; Russell bodies; multiple myeloma; pleural effusion