title: Characterisation and Antioxidant Activity of Crude Extract and Polyphenolic Rich Fractions from C. incanus Leaves.
abstract: Cistus incanus (Cistaceae) is a Mediterranean evergreen shrub. Cistus incanus herbal teas have been used as a general remedy in traditional medicine since ancient times. Recent studies on the antioxidant properties of its aqueous extracts have indicated polyphenols to be the most active compounds. However, a whole chemical characterisation of polyphenolic compounds in leaves of Cistus incanus (C. incanus) is still lacking. Moreover, limited data is available on the contribution of different polyphenolic compounds towards the total antioxidant capacity of its extracts. The purpose of this study was to characterise the major polyphenolic compounds present in a crude ethanolic leaf extract (CEE) of C. incanus and develop a method for their fractionation. Superoxide anion, hydroxyl and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assays were also performed to evaluate the antioxidant properties of the obtained fractions. Three different polyphenolic enriched extracts, namely EAC (Ethyl Acetate Fraction), AF1 and AF2 (Aqueos Fractions), were obtained from CEE. Our results indicated that the EAC, enriched in flavonols, exhibited a higher antiradical activity compared to the tannin enriched fractions (AF1 and AF2). These findings provide new perspectives for the use of the EAC as a source of antioxidant compounds with potential uses in pharmaceutical preparations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences (DiSPAA), University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy. antonella.gori@unifi.it.|Trees and Timber Institute (IVALSA), The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy. antonella.gori@unifi.it.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gori
authors.affiliation: Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences (DiSPAA), University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy. francesco.ferrini@unifi.it.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferrini
authors.affiliation: Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences (DiSPAA), University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy. mariacristina.marzano@unifi.it.
authors.forename: Maria Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Marzano
authors.affiliation: Institute for Plant Protection (IPSP), The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy. massimiliano.tattini@ipsp.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tattini
authors.affiliation: Trees and Timber Institute (IVALSA), The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy. mauro.centritto@cnr.it.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Centritto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy. mariacamilla.baratto@unisi.it.
authors.forename: Maria Camilla
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Baratto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy. rebecca.pogni@unisi.it.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pogni
authors.affiliation: Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences (DiSPAA), University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy. cbrunetti@ivalsa.cnr.it.|Trees and Timber Institute (IVALSA), The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy. cbrunetti@ivalsa.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brunetti
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D029758:Cistus / Q000737:chemistry*; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000737:chemistry; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
keywords: DPPH radical-scavenging activity; LC–MS/MS (liquid chromatography–tandem Mass Spectrometry); flavonols; polyphenolic enriched fractions