title: Treadmill exercise improves fitness and reduces craving and use of cocaine in individuals with concurrent cocaine and tobacco-use disorder.
abstract: Exercise may be a useful treatment for substance use disorders. Participants (N=24) included treatment-seeking individuals with concurrent cocaine and tobacco-use disorder (cigarette smokers). Participants were randomized to either running or walking (30min per session, 3 times per week) or sitting (control condition) for 4 consecutive weeks. Several metrics indicated significant differences among runners, walkers, and sitters during sessions, including mean distance covered and calories burned. In addition, remote physiological monitoring showed that the groups differed significantly according to mean maximum heart rate (HR), respiration, and locomotor activity. Across the 4-week study, exercise improved fitness measures including significantly decreasing resting HR. Though not statistically significant, exercise improved abstinence from cocaine and increased self-reports of no cocaine use in last 24h. In general, reductions in tobacco use and craving were not as robust. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the effects of a multi-week exercise program in individuals with concurrent cocaine and tobacco-use disorder. The data clearly show significant improvements in basic fitness measures and several indices reveal that exercise improved both self-report and biochemically verified reports of cocaine abstinence. Taken together, the data from this study provide preliminary evidence for the efficacy of exercise for improving fitness and reducing cocaine use.
authors.affiliation: Menninger Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: rg12@bcm.edu.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De La Garza
authors.affiliation: Menninger Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Jin H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Menninger Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Daisy G Y
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Thompson-Lake
authors.affiliation: Menninger Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Colin N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Haile
authors.affiliation: Menninger Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Joel D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Eisenhofer
authors.affiliation: Menninger Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.affiliation: Menninger Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Mahoney
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D066249:Craving / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057566:Self Report; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D003042:Cocaine
keywords: Cigarette smoking; Cocaine; Exercise; Nicotine; Treatment