title: Ilex paraguariensis crude extract acts on protection and reversion from damage induced by t-butyl hydroperoxide in human erythrocytes: a comparative study with isolated caffeic and/or chlorogenic acids.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies comparing the effects of phytochemicals under different regimens of exposure are necessary to give a better indication about their mechanism(s) of protection. Hence, in the present study, we investigated the preventive (pre-incubation), protective (co-incubation) and/or remediative (post-incubation) activity of chlorogenic acid and caffeic acids, in comparison with Ilex paraguariensis crude extract, against t-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced damage to human erythrocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that both caffeic and chlorogenic acids were able to prevent and revert the hemolysis associated with t-BHP exposure. By contrast, isolated compounds (alone or in combination) presented no effect on basal and/or t-BHP-induced non-protein thiol (NPSH) oxidation or production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBBARS). In turn, I. paraguariensis extract was effective to prevent, protect and revert the hemolysis associated with t-BHP exposure. Moreover, I. paraguariensis significantly protects and reverts t-BHP-induced NPSH oxidation and TBARS production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have found that I. paraguariensis extract acts better with respect to the protection and reversion of t-BHP-associated changes, whereas isolated compounds are more active in preventing and reverting t-BHP pro-hemolytic action. Moreover, our data suggest that the pro-hemolytic activity of t-BHP may occur via mechanism(s) other(s) than lipid peroxidation and/or NPSH oxidation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, BR-472 Km 7, Uruguaiana, 97500-970, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Luiz
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Portela
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, BR-472 Km 7, Uruguaiana, 97500-970, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Deividi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, BR-472 Km 7, Uruguaiana, 97500-970, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hemerson
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, BR-472 Km 7, Uruguaiana, 97500-970, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel Henrique
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Roos
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, BR-472 Km 7, Uruguaiana, 97500-970, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pinton
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, BR-472 Km 7, Uruguaiana, 97500-970, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daiana Silva
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Ávila
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, BR-472 Km 7, Uruguaiana, 97500-970, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Robson L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Puntel
mesh_terms: D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D030019:Ilex paraguariensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020122:tert-Butylhydroperoxide / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D002109:Caffeic Acids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; D020122:tert-Butylhydroperoxide
keywords: Ilex paraguariensis; NPSH oxidation; hemolysis; lipid peroxidation