title: Assessment of pain perception following periodontal and implant surgeries.
abstract: To evaluate patients' pain perception following periodontal or implant surgery and to explore risk factors associated with post-surgical pain.
  
  
  
  Patients undergoing periodontal or implant surgery were recruited. Post-surgical pain perception was evaluated by a numeric rating scale (NRS, 1-10) after 1 week. Self-reported durations of pain (DOP) and of swelling (DOS), and consumption of prescriptions were also recorded. Demographic and surgical variables were compared between the groups of mild (MP) and moderate-to-severe post-surgical pain (SP). Factors associated with SP were analysed statistically.
  
  
  
  Ten surgical types in three categories, comprising 330 surgeries in 253 patients, were included. Overall, 70.3% of the subjects experienced MP, 25.5% experienced moderate pain and 4.2% experienced severe pain. The highest median NRS score was found in subjects having advanced implant surgery [4.0, interquartile range (IQR) 4.00] and the lowest in open flap debridement surgery (1.0, IQR 1.00). The median DOP was 2.0 days (IQR 2.00). Analgesic need (median = 2.0 days, IQR 4.00) was correlated with the DOP (r = 0.406, p < 0.01) and the NRS score (r = 0.358, p < 0.01). Subjects receiving periodontal plastic surgery (OR = 3.20, 95% CI = 1.06-9.71), complex surgery (OR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.31-5.25), increased surgical extension (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.21-2.62) and increased anaesthesia (OR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.13-4.76) were more likely to experience SP.
  
  
  
  The majority of patients perceived mild post-surgical pain, but the pain level varied among different surgical procedures. Periodontal plastic surgery, complex surgery, surgical extension and anaesthetic volume were associated with more pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Section of Dentistry, LinKou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Chun
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Section of Dentistry, LinKou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Fu-Ying
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Section of Dentistry, LinKou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hwey-Chin
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Yeh
mesh_terms: D000766:Anesthesia, Dental; D006801:Humans; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures; D010147:Pain Measurement; D058748:Pain Perception; D010149:Postoperative Pain
keywords: analgesic; dental implant treatment; numeric pain scale; pain; periodontal surgery