title: Respiratory Pores on Ostrich Struthio camelus (Aves: Struthionidae) Eggshells.
abstract: Respiratory pores are essential for the survival of the embryo within the eggshell. Distribution patterns of such pores on ostrich (Struthio camelus) eggshells show remarkable variations in bird group. Eggshells preserved in the museum of New Zealand have long, superficial, winding grooves and ridges, with pores distributed densely in the bottom of grooves. Both the grooves and ridges that separate them are twisted. By contrast, the surfaces of eggs from farmed ostriches are mostly smooth, with only occasional, short grooves, and respiratory pores distributed more evenly. The cause of ridging and grooving of the surface of eggs from wild birds is unclear but may be due to the need for stronger shells and effects of environmental stresses. It appears that the arrangement of respiratory pores on ostrich eggshells seems to be changeable by surrounding stresses.
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. Tomkoyamajp@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.affiliation: Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand.
authors.forename: A J D
authors.initials: AJD
authors.lastname: Tennyson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D000835:Animals, Wild; D019069:Cell Respiration; D004528:Egg Shell / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000378:metabolism*; D006244:Hardness; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D016062:Porosity; D020310:Struthioniformes / Q000196:embryology*; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Acclimatization; Eggshell; Ostrich; Respiratory pores