title: Arterial stiffness in children with and without probable developmental coordination disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Children with cardiovascular disease risk factors demonstrate adverse arterial alterations that are predictive of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adults. Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are at cardiovascular risk as they are more likely to be obese and inactive.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess arterial structure and function in children with and without probable DCD (p-DCD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of 33 children with p-DCD (22 male) and 53 without (30 male). The Movement Assessment Battery for Children was used to classify those with p-DCD. Adiposity was assessed using the BOD POD. Compliance, distensibility, and intima-media thickness were measured at the common carotid artery (CCA). ECG R-wave-to-toe pulse wave velocity (PWV) was also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to controls, males with p-DCD had lower CCA distensibility (p=0.034) and higher PWV (p=0.001). No differences were evident in females. Body fat percent was a significant predictor of CCA distensibility and removed the effect of p-DCD on PWV in males.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrates augmented arterial stiffness in males with p-DCD, likely attributed to body fat. These findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions in children with p-DCD, specifically males, in order to prevent future cardiovascular risk.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. Electronic address: np09jg@brocku.ca.
authors.forename: Nicole E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Philips
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. Electronic address: daniele.chirico@brocku.ca.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chirico
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, Family Medicine, Kinesiology, and CanChild, Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8P 0A1, Canada. Electronic address: cairnej@mcmaster.ca.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cairney
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada. Electronic address: jhay@brocku.ca.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hay
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada. Electronic address: bfaught@brocku.ca.
authors.forename: Brent E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Faught
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada; Brock-Niagara Centre for Health and Well-Being, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. Electronic address: doleary@brocku.ca.
authors.forename: Deborah D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: O'Leary
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000293:Adolescent; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology; D010809:Physical Fitness; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D059289:Vascular Stiffness
keywords: Arterial stiffness; Children; Common carotid artery; Developmental coordination disorder; Distensibility; Pulse wave velocity