title: Different effectiveness of closed embryo culture system with time-lapse imaging (EmbryoScope(TM)) in comparison to standard manual embryology in good and poor prognosis patients: a prospectively randomized pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previously manual human embryology in many in vitro fertilization (IVF) centers is rapidly being replaced by closed embryo incubation systems with time-lapse imaging. Whether such systems perform comparably to manual embryology in different IVF patient populations has, however, never before been investigated. We, therefore, prospectively compared embryo quality following closed system culture with time-lapse photography (EmbryoScope™) and standard embryology. We performed a two-part prospectively randomized study in IVF (clinical trial # NCT92256309). Part A involved 31 infertile poor prognosis patients prospectively randomized to EmbryoScope™ and standard embryology. Part B involved embryos from 17 egg donor-recipient cycles resulting in large egg/embryo numbers, thus permitting prospectively alternative embryo assignments to EmbryoScope™ and standard embryology. We then compared pregnancy rates and embryo quality on day-3 after fertilization and embryologist time utilized per processed embryo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Part A revealed in poor prognosis patients no differences in day-3 embryo scores, implantation and clinical pregnancy rates between EmbryoScope™ and standard embryology. The EmbryoScope™, however, more than doubled embryology staff time (P < 0.0001). In Part B, embryos grown in the EmbyoScope™ demonstrated significantly poorer day-3 quality (depending on embryo parameter between P = 0.005 and P = 0.01). Suspicion that conical culture dishes of the EmbryoScope™ (EmbryoSlide™) may be the cause was disproven when standard culture dishes demonstrated no outcome difference in standard incubation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Though due to small patient numbers preliminary, this study raises concerns about the mostly uncontrolled introduction of closed incubation systems with time lapse imaging into routine clinical embryology. Appropriately designed and powered prospectively randomized studies appear urgently needed in well-defined patient populations before the uncontrolled utilization of these instruments further expands.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT02246309 Registered September 18, 2014.
authors.affiliation: The Center for Human Reproduction, 21 East 69th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA. ywu@thechr.com.
authors.forename: Yan-Guang
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: The Center for Human Reproduction, 21 East 69th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lazzaroni-Tealdi
authors.affiliation: The Center for Human Reproduction, 21 East 69th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The Center for Human Reproduction, 21 East 69th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The Center for Human Reproduction, 21 East 69th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA.|The Foundation for Reproductive Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Barad
authors.affiliation: The Center for Human Reproduction, 21 East 69th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27106, USA.
authors.forename: Vitaly A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Kushnir
authors.affiliation: The Center for Human Reproduction, 21 East 69th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Darmon
authors.affiliation: The Center for Human Reproduction, 21 East 69th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA.|Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, KS, 64109, USA.
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Albertini
authors.affiliation: The Center for Human Reproduction, 21 East 69th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA. ngleicher@thechr.com.|The Foundation for Reproductive Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA. ngleicher@thechr.com.|Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA. ngleicher@thechr.com.
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gleicher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000502:physiology; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D020669:Fetoscopes; D005332:Fetoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D059008:Time-Lapse Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Closed incubation systems; Cost-effectiveness; Embryo quality; Embryology; In vitro fertilization (IVF); Time laps photography