title: Stillbirths: The Hidden Birth Asphyxia - US and Global Perspectives.
abstract: Stillbirths are among the most common pregnancy-related adverse outcomes but are more common in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. In high-income countries, most stillbirths occur early in the preterm period, whereas in low-income and middle-income countries, most occur in term or in late preterm births. In low-income and middle-income countries, conditions, such as prolonged or obstructed labor, placental abruption, preeclampsia/eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, fetal distress, breech and other abnormal presentations, and multiple births, are associated with stillbirth. In high-income countries, placental abnormalities are the most common associations. Globally, fetal asphyxia is likely the most common final pathway to stillbirth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, PH 16-66, New York, NY 10032, USA. Electronic address: Rlg88@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Goldenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, PH 16-66, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Margo S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.affiliation: Research Triangle Institute, Social, Statistical and Environmental Health Sciences, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: McClure
mesh_terms: D000037:Abruptio Placentae; D001238:Asphyxia Neonatorum; D019049:Developed Countries; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D005316:Fetal Distress; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation; D005311:Fetal Hypoxia; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia; D011247:Pregnancy; D050497:Stillbirth; D014481:United States
keywords: High-income countries; Intrapartum asphyxia; Low-income and middle-income countries; Stillbirth