title: Development and optimization of a naphthoic acid-based ionic liquid as a "non-organic solvent microextraction" for the determination of tetracycline antibiotics in milk and chicken eggs.
abstract: In traditional ionic liquids (ILs)-based microextraction, ILs are often used as extraction and dispersive solvents; however, their functional effects are not fully utilized. Herein, we developed a novel ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium naphthoic acid salt ([C4MIM][NPA]) with strong acidity. It was used as a mixed dispersive solvent with conventional [C2MIM][BF4] in "functionalized ionic liquid-based non-organic solvent microextraction (FIL-NOSM)" for determination of tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) in milk and eggs. Utilization of [C4MIM][NPA] in FIL-NOSM method increased extraction recoveries (ERs) of TCs by more than 20% and eliminated the pH adjustment step because of its strong acidity. Under optimized conditions based on central composite design, the ERs of four TCs were 94.1-102.1%, and the limitsofdetection were 0.08-1.12μgkg(-1) in milk and egg samples. This proposed method provides high extraction efficiency, less pretreatment time and requires non-organic solvents for determination of trace TC concentrations in complex animal-based food matrices.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Watershed Sciences and Health of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
authors.forename: Jiajia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Watershed Sciences and Health of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Watershed Sciences and Health of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
authors.forename: Jingang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
authors.forename: Huili
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Watershed Sciences and Health of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China. Electronic address: zjuwxd@163.com.
authors.forename: Xuedong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D002417:Cattle; D002645:Chickens; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004531:Eggs / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D007093:Imidazoles; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013754:Tetracyclines / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: C525963:1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D007093:Imidazoles; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D009281:Naphthalenes; D012997:Solvents; D013754:Tetracyclines; C085312:1-naphthoic acid
keywords: Central composite design; Food products; Functionalized ionic liquid-based non-organic solvent microextraction (FIL-NOSM); Ionic liquid [C(4)MIM][NPA]); Ionic liquids; Tetracycline antibiotics (TCs)