title: aCGH Analysis to Estimate Genetic Variations among Domesticated Chickens.
abstract: Chickens have been familiar to humans since ancient times and have been used not only for culinary purposes but also for cultural purposes including ritual ceremonies and traditional entertainment. The various chicken breeds developed for these purposes often display distinct morphological and/or behavioural traits. For example, the Japanese Shamo is larger and more aggressive than other domesticated chickens, reflecting its role as a fighting cock breed, whereas Japanese Naganakidori breeds, which have long-crowing behaviour, were bred instead for their entertaining and aesthetic qualities. However, the genetic backgrounds of these distinct morphological and behavioural traits remain unclear. Therefore, the question arises as to which genomic regions in these chickens were acted upon by selective pressures through breeding. We compared the entire genomes of six chicken breeds domesticated for various cultural purposes by utilizing array comparative genomic hybridization. From these analyses, we identified 782 regions that underwent insertions, deletions, or mutations, representing man-made selection pressure in these chickens. Furthermore, we found that a number of genes diversified in domesticated chickens bred for cultural or entertainment purposes were different from those diversified in chickens bred for food, such as broilers and layers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyoshi
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2138-0084
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Komiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-0012, Japan.
authors.forename: Mengjie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5610-9940
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ogura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D001947:Breeding; D002645:Chickens / Q000235:genetics*; D055028:Comparative Genomic Hybridization / Q000379:methods; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D016678:Genome / Q000235:genetics*