title: Swertiamarin Attenuates Experimental Rat Hepatic Fibrosis by Suppressing Angiotensin II-Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor-Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling.
abstract: The rennin-angiotensin system (RAS) is crucial in hepatic fibrosis development, and therapies targeting this system may be a promising treatment for hepatic fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the effects of swertiamarin (Swe), an ethanol extract of Gentiana manshurica Kitag, on hepatic fibrosis and its underlying mechanisms through regulating RAS. Primary rat hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were isolated and treated with angiotensin II (Ang II) with or without Swe and losartan. The proliferation and activation of HSCs were measured. Rat hepatic fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) injection for 4 weeks. Rats were treated with Swe or losartan from the third week until the end of the experiment. Hydroxyproline content in liver tissue was assayed with Jamall's method, and liver collagen deposition was visualized using Sirius red staining. RAS components were analyzed by Western blot, immunofluorescent staining, and real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that Swe significantly inhibited Ang II-induced HSC proliferation and activation. Swe also significantly suppressed DMN-induced α-smooth muscle actin production in rat livers and improved liver function. Swe partially inhibited Ang II-induced angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) up-regulation and suppressed Ang II-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-jun phosphorylation in HSCs. In the DMN-treated rats, Swe treatment significantly inhibited the plasma Ang II levels. DMN-induced AT1R up-regulation, and phosphorylation of ERK and c-jun in rat liver were also inhibited by Swe. In conclusion, Swe may attenuate hepatic fibrosis through inhibiting HSC activation by regulating the RAS.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (S.L., Q.W., Y.T., C.L.); Baoshan Branch, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (S.L.); Shanghai Clinical Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (C.L.); E-Institute of TCM Internal Medicine, Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (C.L.), Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (S.L., Q.W., Y.T., C.L.); Baoshan Branch, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (S.L.); Shanghai Clinical Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (C.L.); E-Institute of TCM Internal Medicine, Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (C.L.), Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qinglan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (S.L., Q.W., Y.T., C.L.); Baoshan Branch, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (S.L.); Shanghai Clinical Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (C.L.); E-Institute of TCM Internal Medicine, Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (C.L.), Shanghai, People's Republic of China taoyanyan1023@126.com chenghailiu@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (S.L., Q.W., Y.T., C.L.); Baoshan Branch, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (S.L.); Shanghai Clinical Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (C.L.); E-Institute of TCM Internal Medicine, Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (C.L.), Shanghai, People's Republic of China taoyanyan1023@126.com chenghailiu@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Chenghai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D055166:Hepatic Stellate Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011753:Pyrones / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D057888:Iridoid Glucosides; D011753:Pyrones; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D000804:Angiotensin II; C013270:swertiamarin; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases