title: Fluorescence microscopic analysis of antifungal effects of cold atmospheric pressure plasma in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: Cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) has potential to be utilized as an alternative method for sterilization in food industries without thermal damage or toxic residues. In contrast to the bactericidal effects of CAP, information regarding the efficacy of CAP against eukaryotic microorganisms is very limited. Therefore, herein we investigated the effects of CAP on the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with a focus on the cellular response to CAP. The CAP treatment caused oxidative stress responses including the nuclear accumulation of the oxidative stress responsive transcription factor Yap1, mitochondrial fragmentation, and enhanced intracellular oxidation. Yeast cells also induced the expression of heat shock protein (HSP) genes and formation of Hsp104 aggregates when treated with CAP, suggesting that CAP denatures proteins. As phenomena unique to eukaryotic cells, the formation of cytoplasmic mRNP granules such as processing bodies and stress granules and changes in the intracellular localization of Ire1 were caused by the treatment with CAP, indicating that translational repression and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were induced by the CAP treatment. These results suggest that the fungicidal effects of CAP are attributed to the multiple severe stresses.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Koki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Itooka
authors.affiliation: Electronic Material Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan. thioredoxin@kit.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4920-2450
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Izawa
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001274:Atmospheric Pressure; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000737:chemistry; D003080:Cold Temperature; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D058626:Plasma Gases / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D058626:Plasma Gases; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C086677:YAP1 protein, S cerevisiae
keywords: Antifungal efficacy; Cold atmospheric pressure plasma; ER stress; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Sterilization; Stress granules