title: Dyskinesia in an unmedicated adolescent with a 5-year history of tobacco use: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tobacco use among mentally ill patients is approximately two to three times higher than that in the general population. Withdrawal from tobacco is a common occurrence and many authors have described various symptoms of nicotine withdrawal. Dyskinesia, however, has not been reported as one of the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal in adolescents without any psychopathology or medical illness.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a case of a 17-year-old Motswana boy of the Tswana ethnic group with primary school education and a 5-year history of tobacco use who developed dyskinesia approximately 48 hours after cessation of tobacco and had some relief with nicotine gum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to the documented symptoms of nicotine withdrawal, clinicians should look out for dyskinesia, which may be one of the rare symptoms of withdrawal in chronic tobacco users.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Botswana Medical School, Gaborone, Botswana. olawaleanthonya@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anthony A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Olashore
authors.affiliation: Forensic unit, Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Oluyemi O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Akanni
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Botswana Medical School, Gaborone, Botswana.
authors.forename: Philip R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Opondo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001066:Appetite; D002638:Chewing Gum; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D037001:Directive Counseling; D020820:Dyskinesias / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012008:Recurrence; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D061485:Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D002638:Chewing Gum; D009538:Nicotine
keywords: Adolescent; Case report; Dyskinesia; Tobacco use; Unmedicated