title: Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Infection in Nigeria: A National Survey.
abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection accounts for about 1 million deaths worldwide annually. This study was to determine the prevalence, distribution of HBV, and factors associated with infection in an apparently healthy population in Nigeria. A cross-sectional study among the general population was conducted employing a multistage sampling technique. Data on demographic, social, and behavioral indicators were collected using questionnaires and blood samples tested for HBV seromarkers. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were done. Prevalence of hepatitis B infection was 12.2% (confidence interval [CI] = 10.3-14.5). Of the participants, more than half, 527 (54.6%), had evidence of previous exposure to HBV, while 306 (31.7%) showed no serologic evidence of infection or vaccination. Only 76 (7.9%) participants showed serologic evidence of immunity to HBV through vaccination. Factors associated with testing positive for HBV infection were dental procedure outside the health facility (odds ratios [OR] = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.52-7.70), local circumcision (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.17-2.57), and uvulectomy (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.06-2.57). With logistic regression, only dental procedure outside the health facility (adjusted OR = 3.32, 95% CI = 1.38-7.97) remained significant. This first national survey on seroprevalence of hepatitis B describes the epidemiology and high prevalence of HBV infection in Nigeria and highlights the need for improved vaccination against HBV.
authors.affiliation: Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria. Department of Medical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. debolaola@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Adebola T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Olayinka
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Division, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Akin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oyemakinde
authors.affiliation: Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Muhammad S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Balogun
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Division, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Anthonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ajudua
authors.affiliation: Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nguku
authors.affiliation: Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Moses
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aderinola
authors.affiliation: Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Abiodun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Egwuenu-Oladejo
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Division, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Simeon W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Ajisegiri
authors.affiliation: Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sha'aibu
authors.affiliation: Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Bolanle O P
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Musa
authors.affiliation: Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Saheed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gidado
authors.affiliation: Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Abdulsalami
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nasidi
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D002944:Circumcision, Male / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003729:Dental Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014609:Uvula / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines