title: Sleep recalibrates homeostatic and associative synaptic plasticity in the human cortex.
abstract: Sleep is ubiquitous in animals and humans, but its function remains to be further determined. The synaptic homeostasis hypothesis of sleep-wake regulation proposes a homeostatic increase in net synaptic strength and cortical excitability along with decreased inducibility of associative synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) due to saturation after sleep deprivation. Here we use electrophysiological, behavioural and molecular indices to non-invasively study net synaptic strength and LTP-like plasticity in humans after sleep and sleep deprivation. We demonstrate indices of increased net synaptic strength (TMS intensity to elicit a predefined amplitude of motor-evoked potential and EEG theta activity) and decreased LTP-like plasticity (paired associative stimulation induced change in motor-evoked potential and memory formation) after sleep deprivation. Changes in plasma BDNF are identified as a potential mechanism. Our study indicates that sleep recalibrates homeostatic and associative synaptic plasticity, believed to be the neural basis for adaptive behaviour, in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jonathan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mainberger
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Feige
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bürklin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maywald
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Technische Universität München, Arcisstrasse 21, 80333 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mall
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Technische Universität München, Arcisstrasse 21, 80333 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Nikolai H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 64, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Janine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Spiegelhalder
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.|Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 64, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klöppel
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sterr
authors.affiliation: Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Transfaculty Research Platform University of Basel, Psychiatric University Clinics Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4012 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eckert
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Riemann
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Normann
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nissen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004569:Electroencephalography; D055724:Electrophysiological Phenomena; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D017774:Long-Term Potentiation; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000503:physiopathology; D014851:Wakefulness; D055815:Young Adult