title: Influence of preozonation on the adsorptivity of humic substances onto activated carbon.
abstract: This research aims to study the influence of preozonation on the adsorptivity of humic substances onto activated carbon, which are usual stages in drinking water treatment. Three different types of humic substances were used in this study: natural fulvic and humic acids extracted from the Úzquiza Reservoir (Burgos, Spain) and a commercially supplied humic acid. The fractionation of the humic substances by ultrafiltration showed a very different molecular weight (MW) distribution for them: the lowest fraction of <1 kDa comprises the vast majority of the fulvic acids (around 86 %), whereas the main fraction for the commercial humic acids was the highest one of >30 kDa (around 40 %). The natural humic acids show an intermediate distribution between the two aforementioned humic substances. The 1-5-kDa fraction turned out to be the most reactive toward trihalomethane formation for the commercial humic acids. The adsorptive capacity of activated carbon for the humic substances was in the following order: natural fulvic acids > natural humic acids > commercial humic acids. The most adsorbable fraction was that of <1 kDa for the fulvic acids, whereas the 5-10-kDa fraction was the most adsorbable for both humic acids. Preozonation changes the MW distribution of the humic substances, decreasing the abundance of the high MW fractions and generating smaller molecules within the low to medium MW range. Adsorption isotherms show that preozonation has a beneficial effect on the adsorptivity of the commercial humic acids onto activated carbon, whereas no appreciable effect was observed for the case of the fulvic acids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Higher Polytechnic School University of Burgos, Spain, Av. Cantabria s/n, 09006, Burgos, Spain. qpvito@ubu.es.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Spain, Pz. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Valverde
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000737:chemistry*; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D006812:Humic Substances; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry*; D013030:Spain; D022882:Trihalomethanes; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001578:Benzopyrans; D006812:Humic Substances; D022882:Trihalomethanes; D002606:Charcoal; D010126:Ozone; C005023:fulvic acid
keywords: Activated carbon; Adsorption; Fractionation; Humic substances; Molecular weight distribution; Ozonation; Ultrafiltration