title: Validity and reliability of wheelchair sitting posture measures using Coach's Eye in abled subjects.
abstract: People in wheelchairs spend a long time in the sitting position and often incur alignment problems resulting in neck and back pain. This study: (1) assessed the validity/reliability of Coach's Eye (CE) smart device application, (2) examined the effect of seat to back support angle adjustments on head, neck, and shoulder posture in the sitting position, and (3) compared changes in cervical rotation at each back support angle. Abled subjects sat in a wheelchair with back support angles positioned at 90°, 100°, and 110°. CE, as well as ImageJ software, was used to analyze three angles: sagittal head angle (SHA), cervical angle (CVA), and shoulder angle (SA). There were highly significant differences for CVA and SA (p < 0.001) among the three seat to back support angles. Validity of CE was examined by correlating CE with ImageJ scores. CE had high validity for all angles (r = 0.99, 0.98, 0.99 respectively, p < 0.001). Inter-rater reliability for SHA, CVA, and SA was high (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] ranged from 0.95 to 0.99). Head (CVA) and shoulder (SA) alignment was closest to neutral posture with back support angles set at 110° and 90°, respectively.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Professions , Loma Linda University , Loma Linda , California , USA.|b Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Afnan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Alkhateeb
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Professions , Loma Linda University , Loma Linda , California , USA.
authors.forename: Bonnie J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Forrester
authors.affiliation: c Department of Allied Health Studies, School of Allied Health Professions , Loma Linda University , Loma Linda , California , USA.
authors.forename: Noha S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Daher
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Professions , Loma Linda University , Loma Linda , California , USA.
authors.forename: Bradford D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Professions , Loma Linda University , Loma Linda , California , USA.
authors.forename: Asma A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Alonazi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001416:Back Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D012984:Software / Q000592:standards*; D014910:Wheelchairs; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Coach’s Eye; cervical angle; sagittal head angle; seat to back support angle of wheelchair; shoulder angle; sitting posture