title: Design and Testing of Novel Lethal Ovitrap to Reduce Populations of Aedes Mosquitoes: Community-Based Participatory Research between Industry, Academia and Communities in Peru and Thailand.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dengue virus (and Chikungunya and Zika viruses) is transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes and causes considerable human morbidity and mortality. As there is currently no vaccine or chemoprophylaxis to protect people from dengue virus infection, vector control is the only viable option for disease prevention. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the design and placement process for an attractive lethal ovitrap to reduce vector populations and to describe lessons learned in the development of the trap.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted in 2010 in Iquitos, Peru and Lopburi Province, Thailand and used an iterative community-based participatory approach to adjust design specifications of the trap, based on community members' perceptions and feedback, entomological findings in the lab, and design and research team observations. Multiple focus group discussions (FGD) were held over a 6 month period, stratified by age, sex and motherhood status, to inform the design process. Trap testing transitioned from the lab to within households.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Through an iterative process of working with specifications from the research team, findings from the laboratory testing, and feedback from FGD, the design team narrowed trap design options from 22 to 6. Comments from the FGD centered on safety for children and pets interacting with traps, durability, maintenance issues, and aesthetics. Testing in the laboratory involved releasing groups of 50 gravid Ae. aegypti in walk-in rooms and assessing what percentage were caught in traps of different colors, with different trap cover sizes, and placed under lighter or darker locations. Two final trap models were mocked up and tested in homes for a week; one model was the top choice in both Iquitos and Lopburi.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The community-based participatory process was essential for the development of novel traps that provided effective vector control, but also met the needs and concerns of community members.
authors.affiliation: Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112 United States of America.|Facultad de Salud Pública y Administración, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Avenida Honorio Delgado 430, Urb. Ingeniería, San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru.|Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America.
authors.forename: Valerie A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1065-4919
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Paz-Soldan
authors.affiliation: Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America.|Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America.
authors.forename: Josh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yukich
authors.affiliation: Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuthamontol, Nakornpathom, Thailand, 73170.
authors.forename: Amara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soonthorndhada
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Science and Recreation, San Jose State University, 1 Washington Sq, San Jose, CA 95192, United States of America.
authors.forename: Maziel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giron
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States of America.
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Apperson
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States of America.
authors.forename: Loganathan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ponnusamy
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States of America.
authors.forename: Coby
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schal
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America.
authors.forename: Amy C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.affiliation: Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America.|Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keating
authors.affiliation: Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America.|Vector Borne Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America.
authors.forename: Dawn M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Wesson
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000821:virology; D000818:Animals; D065632:Chikungunya Fever / Q000517:prevention & control; D002646:Chikungunya virus; D055812:Community-Based Participatory Research / Q000379:methods*; D003715:Dengue / Q000517:prevention & control; D003716:Dengue Virus; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000821:virology; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010568:Peru; D013785:Thailand; D000071244:Zika Virus; D000071243:Zika Virus Infection / Q000517:prevention & control