title: Reconstruction of cica-contracture on the face and neck with skin flap and expanded skin flap pedicled by anterior branch of transverse cervical artery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A high-quality flap is necessary for repairing faciocervical scar contractures. The supraclavicular region and chest wall are the preferred choices for reconstruction. The supraclavicular island flap (SIF) pedicled by the transverse cervical artery (TCA) has been reported. Compared to the traditional SIF flap, another type of flap pedicled by the anterior perforator of transverse cervical artery (ap-TCA) is more convenient for transfer to the faciocervical area. In this article, we use this type of perforator flap and expanded perforator flap to repair the faciocervical contracture.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 10 cases (deformity caused by burn or trauma to the face and neck sites) with an average age of 32 years-old, were treated by ap-TCA flap and this type of expanded flap. In between, the flap was pre-expanded for approximately 3 months prior to transfer in 6 patients. Another 4 cases did not want the expander because of the long duration required for saline filling and potential complications of the expander. Bilateral prefabricated flaps were designed in two female cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 12 flaps in 10 patients were transferred tension-free to the defects and no flap was lost. The size of the flap ranged from 12 cm × 8 cm to 15 cm × 20 cm. All 12 flaps survived completely. The donor sites were closed directly in the above 6 patients where an expander had been used and reconstructed by split skin graft in 4 patients where no expander had been employed. Through a mean time of 6 months' follow-up, only one female patient was disappointed with the cicatrix that presented on the upper polar skin of both breasts, the other 9 patients were satisfied with both recipient function and appearance. The color and the texture matched well with the recipient area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ap-TCA flap and expanded ap-TCA flap can be considered reliable options for faciocervical deformities as it can be easily elevated and it matches well with faciocervical area in color. With regards to the expanded flap, we cannot only reconstruct the face and neck region, but also suture the donor site directly.
authors.affiliation: The First Hospital Affiliated to the People's Liberative Army Hospital, 51#, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China.
authors.forename: Baoguo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The First Hospital Affiliated to the People's Liberative Army Hospital, 51#, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China. Electronic address: chenbaoguo851028@126.com.
authors.forename: Huifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: The First Hospital Affiliated to the People's Liberative Army Hospital, 51#, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China.
authors.forename: Minghuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: The First Hospital Affiliated to the People's Liberative Army Hospital, 51#, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China.
authors.forename: Quanwen
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001158:Arteries; D002056:Burns / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000601:surgery*; D003286:Contracture / Q000601:surgery*; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019838:Neck Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Anterior branch of transverse cervical artery; Cica-contracture on the face and neck; Expanded