title: Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Analysis Reveals Epigenetic Dysregulation of MicroRNA-34A in TP53-Associated Cancer Susceptibility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although the link between mutant TP53 and human cancer is unequivocal, a significant knowledge gap exists in clinically actionable molecular targets in Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), a highly penetrant cancer predisposition syndrome associated with germline mutations in TP53. This study surveyed the epigenome to identify functionally and clinically relevant novel genes implicated in LFS.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed genome-wide methylation analyses of peripheral blood leukocyte DNA in germline TP53 mutation carriers (n = 72) and individuals with TP53 wild type in whom histologically comparable malignancies developed (n = 111). Targeted bisulfite pyrosequencing was performed on a validation cohort of 30 TP53 mutation carriers and 46 patients with TP53 wild type, and candidate sites were evaluated in primary tumors from patients with LFS across multiple histologic tumor types.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 183 patients, distinct DNA methylation signatures were associated with deleterious TP53 mutations in peripheral blood leukocytes. TP53-associated DNA methylation marks occurred in genomic regions that harbored p53 binding sites and in genes encoding p53 pathway proteins. Moreover, loss-of-function TP53 mutations were significantly associated with differential methylation at the locus encoding microRNA miR-34A, a key component of the p53 regulatory network (adjusted P < .001), and validated in an independent patient cohort (n = 76, P < .001). Targeted bisulfite pyrosequencing demonstrated that miR-34A was inactivated by hypermethylation across many histologic types of primary tumors from patients with LFS. Moreover, miR-34A tumor hypermethylation was associated with decreased overall survival in a cohort of 29 patients with choroid plexus carcinomas, a characteristic LFS tumor (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epigenetic dysregulation of miR-34A may comprise an important path in TP53-associated cancer predisposition and represents a therapeutically actionable target with potential clinical relevance.
authors.affiliation: Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, James Tran, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Thomas J. Hudson, and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Nardin Samuel, Badr Id Said, Youliang Lou, Weili Li, Ana Novokmet, James Tran, Sanaa Choufani, Marc Remke, Vijay Ramaswamy, Florence M.G. Cavalli, Michael D. Taylor, Uri Tabori, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Jonathan D. Wasserman, Andrew D. Paterson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, Mathieu Lemire, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Christine Elser, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Diana Merino, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Kim E. Nichols, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Jonathan L. Finlay, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Lynn Meister, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL; Jordan R. Hansford, Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Maria Isabel W. Achatz, Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nardin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Samuel
authors.affiliation: Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, James Tran, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Thomas J. Hudson, and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Nardin Samuel, Badr Id Said, Youliang Lou, Weili Li, Ana Novokmet, James Tran, Sanaa Choufani, Marc Remke, Vijay Ramaswamy, Florence M.G. Cavalli, Michael D. Taylor, Uri Tabori, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Jonathan D. Wasserman, Andrew D. Paterson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, Mathieu Lemire, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Christine Elser, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Diana Merino, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Kim E. Nichols, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Jonathan L. Finlay, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Lynn Meister, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL; Jordan R. Hansford, Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Maria Isabel W. Achatz, Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gavin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, James Tran, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Thomas J. Hudson, and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Nardin Samuel, Badr Id Said, Youliang Lou, Weili Li, Ana Novokmet, James Tran, Sanaa Choufani, Marc Remke, Vijay Ramaswamy, Florence M.G. Cavalli, Michael D. Taylor, Uri Tabori, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Jonathan D. Wasserman, Andrew D. Paterson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, Mathieu Lemire, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Christine Elser, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Diana Merino, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Kim E. Nichols, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Jonathan L. Finlay, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Lynn Meister, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL; Jordan R. Hansford, Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Maria Isabel W. Achatz, Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lemire
authors.affiliation: Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, James Tran, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Thomas J. Hudson, and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Nardin Samuel, Badr Id Said, Youliang Lou, Weili Li, Ana Novokmet, James Tran, Sanaa Choufani, Marc Remke, Vijay Ramaswamy, Florence M.G. Cavalli, Michael D. Taylor, Uri Tabori, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Jonathan D. Wasserman, Andrew D. Paterson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, Mathieu Lemire, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Christine Elser, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Diana Merino, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Kim E. Nichols, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Jonathan L. Finlay, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Lynn Meister, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL; Jordan R. Hansford, Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Maria Isabel W. Achatz, Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Badr
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Id Said
authors.affiliation: Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, James Tran, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Thomas J. Hudson, and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Nardin Samuel, Badr Id Said, Youliang Lou, Weili Li, Ana Novokmet, James Tran, Sanaa Choufani, Marc Remke, Vijay Ramaswamy, Florence M.G. Cavalli, Michael D. Taylor, Uri Tabori, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Jonathan D. Wasserman, Andrew D. Paterson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, Mathieu Lemire, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Christine Elser, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Diana Merino, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Kim E. Nichols, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Jonathan L. Finlay, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Lynn Meister, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL; Jordan R. Hansford, Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Maria Isabel W. Achatz, Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Youliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.affiliation: Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, James Tran, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Thomas J. Hudson, and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Nardin Samuel, Badr Id Said, Youliang Lou, Weili Li, Ana Novokmet, James Tran, Sanaa Choufani, Marc Remke, Vijay Ramaswamy, Florence M.G. Cavalli, Michael D. Taylor, Uri Tabori, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Jonathan D. Wasserman, Andrew D. Paterson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, Mathieu Lemire, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Christine Elser, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Diana Merino, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Kim E. Nichols, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Jonathan L. Finlay, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Lynn Meister, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL; Jordan R. Hansford, Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Maria Isabel W. Achatz, Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Weili
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, James Tran, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Thomas J. Hudson, and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Nardin Samuel, Badr Id Said, Youliang Lou, Weili Li, Ana Novokmet, James Tran, Sanaa Choufani, Marc Remke, Vijay Ramaswamy, Florence M.G. Cavalli, Michael D. Taylor, Uri Tabori, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Jonathan D. Wasserman, Andrew D. Paterson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, Mathieu Lemire, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Christine Elser, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Diana Merino, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Kim E. Nichols, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Jonathan L. Finlay, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Lynn Meister, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL; Jordan R. Hansford, Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Maria Isabel W. Achatz, Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Merino
authors.affiliation: Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, James Tran, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Thomas J. Hudson, and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Nardin Samuel, Badr Id Said, Youliang Lou, Weili Li, Ana Novokmet, James Tran, Sanaa Choufani, Marc Remke, Vijay Ramaswamy, Florence M.G. Cavalli, Michael D. Taylor, Uri Tabori, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Jonathan D. Wasserman, Andrew D. Paterson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, Mathieu Lemire, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Christine Elser, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Diana Merino, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Kim E. Nichols, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Jonathan L. Finlay, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Lynn Meister, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL; Jordan R. Hansford, Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Maria Isabel W. Achatz, Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Novokmet
authors.affiliation: Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, James Tran, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Thomas J. Hudson, and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Nardin Samuel, Badr Id Said, Youliang Lou, Weili Li, Ana Novokmet, James Tran, Sanaa Choufani, Marc Remke, Vijay Ramaswamy, Florence M.G. Cavalli, Michael D. Taylor, Uri Tabori, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Jonathan D. Wasserman, Andrew D. Paterson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, Mathieu Lemire, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Christine Elser, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Diana Merino, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Kim E. Nichols, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Jonathan L. Finlay, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Lynn Meister, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL; Jordan R. Hansford, Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Maria Isabel W. Achatz, Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.affiliation: Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, James Tran, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Thomas J. Hudson, and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Nardin Samuel, Badr Id Said, Youliang Lou, Weili Li, Ana Novokmet, James Tran, Sanaa Choufani, Marc Remke, Vijay Ramaswamy, Florence M.G. Cavalli, Michael D. Taylor, Uri Tabori, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Jonathan D. Wasserman, Andrew D. Paterson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, Mathieu Lemire, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Christine Elser, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Diana Merino, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Kim E. Nichols, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Jonathan L. Finlay, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Lynn Meister, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL; Jordan R. Hansford, Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Maria Isabel W. Achatz, Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kim E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.affiliation: Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, James Tran, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Thomas J. Hudson, and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Nardin Samuel, Badr Id Said, Youliang Lou, Weili Li, Ana Novokmet, James Tran, Sanaa Choufani, Marc Remke, Vijay Ramaswamy, Florence M.G. Cavalli, Michael D. Taylor, Uri Tabori, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Jonathan D. Wasserman, Andrew D. Paterson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, Mathieu Lemire, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Christine Elser, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Diana Merino, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Kim E. Nichols, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Jonathan L. Finlay, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Lynn Meister, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL; Jordan R. Hansford, Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Maria Isabel W. Achatz, Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jonathan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Finlay
authors.affiliation: Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, James Tran, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Thomas J. Hudson, and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Nardin Samuel, Badr Id Said, Youliang Lou, Weili Li, Ana Novokmet, James Tran, Sanaa Choufani, Marc Remke, Vijay Ramaswamy, Florence M.G. Cavalli, Michael D. Taylor, Uri Tabori, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Jonathan D. Wasserman, Andrew D. Paterson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, Mathieu Lemire, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Christine Elser, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Diana Merino, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Kim E. Nichols, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Jonathan L. Finlay, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Lynn Meister, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL; Jordan R. Hansford, Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Maria Isabel W. Achatz, Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sanaa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Choufani
authors.affiliation: Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, James Tran, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Thomas J. Hudson, and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Nardin Samuel, Badr Id Said, Youliang Lou, Weili Li, Ana Novokmet, James Tran, Sanaa Choufani, Marc Remke, Vijay Ramaswamy, Florence M.G. Cavalli, Michael D. Taylor, Uri Tabori, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Jonathan D. Wasserman, Andrew D. Paterson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, Mathieu Lemire, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Christine Elser, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Diana Merino, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Kim E. Nichols, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Jonathan L. Finlay, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Lynn Meister, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL; Jordan R. Hansford, Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Maria Isabel W. Achatz, Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Remke
authors.affiliation: Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, James Tran, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Thomas J. Hudson, and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Nardin Samuel, Badr Id Said, Youliang Lou, Weili Li, Ana Novokmet, James Tran, Sanaa Choufani, Marc Remke, Vijay Ramaswamy, Florence M.G. Cavalli, Michael D. Taylor, Uri Tabori, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Jonathan D. Wasserman, Andrew D. Paterson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, Mathieu Lemire, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Christine Elser, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Diana Merino, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Kim E. Nichols, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Jonathan L. Finlay, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Lynn Meister, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL; Jordan R. Hansford, Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Maria Isabel W. Achatz, Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ramaswamy
authors.affiliation: Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, James Tran, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Thomas J. Hudson, and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Nardin Samuel, Badr Id Said, Youliang Lou, Weili Li, Ana Novokmet, James Tran, Sanaa Choufani, Marc Remke, Vijay Ramaswamy, Florence M.G. Cavalli, Michael D. Taylor, Uri Tabori, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Jonathan D. Wasserman, Andrew D. Paterson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, Mathieu Lemire, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Christine Elser, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Diana Merino, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Kim E. Nichols, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Jonathan L. Finlay, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Lynn Meister, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL; Jordan R. Hansford, Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Maria Isabel W. Achatz, Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Florence M G
authors.initials: FMG
authors.lastname: Cavalli
authors.affiliation: Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, James Tran, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Thomas J. Hudson, and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Nardin Samuel, Badr Id Said, Youliang Lou, Weili Li, Ana Novokmet, James Tran, Sanaa Choufani, Marc Remke, Vijay Ramaswamy, Florence M.G. Cavalli, Michael D. Taylor, Uri Tabori, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Jonathan D. Wasserman, Andrew D. Paterson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, Mathieu Lemire, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Christine Elser, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Diana Merino, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Kim E. Nichols, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Jonathan L. Finlay, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Lynn Meister, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL; Jordan R. Hansford, Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Maria Isabel W. Achatz, Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Elser
authors.affiliation: Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, James Tran, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Thomas J. Hudson, and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Nardin Samuel, Badr Id Said, Youliang Lou, Weili Li, Ana Novokmet, James Tran, Sanaa Choufani, Marc Remke, Vijay Ramaswamy, Florence M.G. Cavalli, Michael D. Taylor, Uri Tabori, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Jonathan D. Wasserman, Andrew D. Paterson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, Mathieu Lemire, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Christine Elser, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Diana Merino, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Kim E. Nichols, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Jonathan L. Finlay, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Lynn Meister, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL; Jordan R. Hansford, Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Maria Isabel W. Achatz, Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meister
authors.affiliation: Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, James Tran, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Thomas J. Hudson, and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Nardin Samuel, Badr Id Said, Youliang Lou, Weili Li, Ana Novokmet, James Tran, Sanaa Choufani, Marc Remke, Vijay Ramaswamy, Florence M.G. Cavalli, Michael D. Taylor, Uri Tabori, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Jonathan D. Wasserman, Andrew D. Paterson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, Mathieu Lemire, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Christine Elser, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Diana Merino, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Kim E. Nichols, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Jonathan L. Finlay, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Lynn Meister, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL; Jordan R. Hansford, Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Maria Isabel W. Achatz, Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, James Tran, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Thomas J. Hudson, and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Nardin Samuel, Badr Id Said, Youliang Lou, Weili Li, Ana Novokmet, James Tran, Sanaa Choufani, Marc Remke, Vijay Ramaswamy, Florence M.G. Cavalli, Michael D. Taylor, Uri Tabori, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Jonathan D. Wasserman, Andrew D. Paterson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, Mathieu Lemire, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Christine Elser, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Diana Merino, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Kim E. Nichols, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Jonathan L. Finlay, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Lynn Meister, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL; Jordan R. Hansford, Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Maria Isabel W. Achatz, Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Uri
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tabori
authors.affiliation: Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, James Tran, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Thomas J. Hudson, and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Nardin Samuel, Badr Id Said, Youliang Lou, Weili Li, Ana Novokmet, James Tran, Sanaa Choufani, Marc Remke, Vijay Ramaswamy, Florence M.G. Cavalli, Michael D. Taylor, Uri Tabori, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Jonathan D. Wasserman, Andrew D. Paterson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, Mathieu Lemire, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Christine Elser, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Diana Merino, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Kim E. Nichols, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Jonathan L. Finlay, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Lynn Meister, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL; Jordan R. Hansford, Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Maria Isabel W. Achatz, Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Meredith
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.affiliation: Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, James Tran, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Thomas J. Hudson, and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Nardin Samuel, Badr Id Said, Youliang Lou, Weili Li, Ana Novokmet, James Tran, Sanaa Choufani, Marc Remke, Vijay Ramaswamy, Florence M.G. Cavalli, Michael D. Taylor, Uri Tabori, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Jonathan D. Wasserman, Andrew D. Paterson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, Mathieu Lemire, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Christine Elser, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Diana Merino, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Kim E. Nichols, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Jonathan L. Finlay, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Lynn Meister, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL; Jordan R. Hansford, Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Maria Isabel W. Achatz, Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weksberg
authors.affiliation: Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, James Tran, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Thomas J. Hudson, and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Nardin Samuel, Badr Id Said, Youliang Lou, Weili Li, Ana Novokmet, James Tran, Sanaa Choufani, Marc Remke, Vijay Ramaswamy, Florence M.G. Cavalli, Michael D. Taylor, Uri Tabori, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Jonathan D. Wasserman, Andrew D. Paterson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, Mathieu Lemire, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Christine Elser, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Diana Merino, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Kim E. Nichols, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Jonathan L. Finlay, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Lynn Meister, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL; Jordan R. Hansford, Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Maria Isabel W. Achatz, Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wasserman
authors.affiliation: Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, James Tran, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Thomas J. Hudson, and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Nardin Samuel, Badr Id Said, Youliang Lou, Weili Li, Ana Novokmet, James Tran, Sanaa Choufani, Marc Remke, Vijay Ramaswamy, Florence M.G. Cavalli, Michael D. Taylor, Uri Tabori, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Jonathan D. Wasserman, Andrew D. Paterson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, Mathieu Lemire, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Christine Elser, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Diana Merino, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Kim E. Nichols, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Jonathan L. Finlay, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Lynn Meister, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL; Jordan R. Hansford, Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Maria Isabel W. Achatz, Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Paterson
authors.affiliation: Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, James Tran, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Thomas J. Hudson, and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Nardin Samuel, Badr Id Said, Youliang Lou, Weili Li, Ana Novokmet, James Tran, Sanaa Choufani, Marc Remke, Vijay Ramaswamy, Florence M.G. Cavalli, Michael D. Taylor, Uri Tabori, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Jonathan D. Wasserman, Andrew D. Paterson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, Mathieu Lemire, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Christine Elser, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Diana Merino, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Kim E. Nichols, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Jonathan L. Finlay, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Lynn Meister, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL; Jordan R. Hansford, Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Maria Isabel W. Achatz, Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jordan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hansford
authors.affiliation: Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, James Tran, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Thomas J. Hudson, and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Nardin Samuel, Badr Id Said, Youliang Lou, Weili Li, Ana Novokmet, James Tran, Sanaa Choufani, Marc Remke, Vijay Ramaswamy, Florence M.G. Cavalli, Michael D. Taylor, Uri Tabori, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Jonathan D. Wasserman, Andrew D. Paterson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, Mathieu Lemire, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Christine Elser, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Diana Merino, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Kim E. Nichols, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Jonathan L. Finlay, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Lynn Meister, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL; Jordan R. Hansford, Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Maria Isabel W. Achatz, Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Isabel W
authors.initials: MIW
authors.lastname: Achatz
authors.affiliation: Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, James Tran, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Thomas J. Hudson, and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Nardin Samuel, Badr Id Said, Youliang Lou, Weili Li, Ana Novokmet, James Tran, Sanaa Choufani, Marc Remke, Vijay Ramaswamy, Florence M.G. Cavalli, Michael D. Taylor, Uri Tabori, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Jonathan D. Wasserman, Andrew D. Paterson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, Mathieu Lemire, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Christine Elser, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Diana Merino, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Kim E. Nichols, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Jonathan L. Finlay, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Lynn Meister, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL; Jordan R. Hansford, Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Maria Isabel W. Achatz, Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.affiliation: Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, James Tran, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Thomas J. Hudson, and David Malkin, University of Toronto; Nardin Samuel, Badr Id Said, Youliang Lou, Weili Li, Ana Novokmet, James Tran, Sanaa Choufani, Marc Remke, Vijay Ramaswamy, Florence M.G. Cavalli, Michael D. Taylor, Uri Tabori, Meredith Irwin, Rosanna Weksberg, Jonathan D. Wasserman, Andrew D. Paterson, and David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Children; Nardin Samuel, Gavin Wilson, Mathieu Lemire, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Christine Elser, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Diana Merino, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Kim E. Nichols, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Jonathan L. Finlay, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Lynn Meister, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL; Jordan R. Hansford, Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Maria Isabel W. Achatz, Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Malkin