title: Failure to Extend Epidural Labor Analgesia for Cesarean Delivery Anesthesia: A Focused Review.
abstract: Extension of epidural labor analgesia for cesarean delivery anesthesia may fail. There are a number of factors associated with labor epidural catheter failure. This focused review discusses these associations and anesthetic options when faced with inadequate surgical epidural anesthesia for cesarean delivery.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York; and †Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Suzanne K W
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mankowitz
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gonzalez Fiol
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smiley
mesh_terms: D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods*; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical / Q000379:methods; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D011247:Pregnancy; D013997:Time Factors