title: Frailty in HIV: Epidemiology, Biology, Measurement, Interventions, and Research Needs.
abstract: Frailty is a critical aging-related syndrome marked by diminished physiologic reserve and heightened vulnerability to stressors, predisposing to major adverse clinical outcomes, including hospitalization, institutionalization, disability, and death in the general population of older adults. As the proportion of older adults living with HIV increases in the era of antiretroviral therapy, frailty is increasingly recognized to be of significant clinical and public health relevance to the HIV-infected population. This article reviews current knowledge on the epidemiology and biology of frailty and its potential role as a target for reducing disparities in outcomes in HIV; conceptual frameworks and current approaches to frailty measurement; existing data on frailty interventions; and important areas for future research focus necessary to develop and advance effective strategies to prevent or ameliorate frailty and its marked adverse consequences among people living with HIV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.|Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Damani A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Piggott
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Kristine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Erlandson
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8127, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. kyarasheski@c2ndiagnostics.com.
authors.forename: Kevin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Yarasheski
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D016330:Frail Elderly; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans
keywords: Clinical outcomes; Deficit accumulation index; Disparities; Immunosenescence; Physical activity; Physical frailty phenotype