title: Reproducibility assessment of brain responses to visual food stimuli in adults with overweight and obesity.
abstract: The brain's reward system influences ingestive behavior and subsequently obesity risk. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a common method for investigating brain reward function. This study sought to assess the reproducibility of fasting-state brain responses to visual food stimuli using BOLD fMRI.
  
  
  
  A priori brain regions of interest included bilateral insula, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, caudate, and putamen. Fasting-state fMRI and appetite assessments were completed by 28 women (n = 16) and men (n = 12) with overweight or obesity on 2 days. Reproducibility was assessed by comparing mean fasting-state brain responses and measuring test-retest reliability of these responses on the two testing days.
  
  
  
  Mean fasting-state brain responses on day 2 were reduced compared with day 1 in the left insula and right amygdala, but mean day 1 and day 2 responses were not different in the other regions of interest. With the exception of the left orbitofrontal cortex response (fair reliability), test-retest reliabilities of brain responses were poor or unreliable.
  
  
  
  fMRI-measured responses to visual food cues in adults with overweight or obesity show relatively good mean-level reproducibility but considerable within-subject variability. Poor test-retest reliability reduces the likelihood of observing true correlations and increases the necessary sample sizes for studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9488-7030
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Drew Sayer
authors.affiliation: Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Tamer
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
authors.forename: Ningning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: Jason R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Tregellas
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: Marc-Andre
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cornier
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Kareken
authors.affiliation: Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Talavage
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Megan A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: McCrory
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA. campbellw@purdue.edu.
authors.forename: Wayne W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000502:physiology; D001066:Appetite / Q000502:physiology; D001069:Appetite Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D003463:Cues; D005215:Fasting / Q000502:physiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000523:psychology*; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012201:Reward; D055815:Young Adult