title: [Role of cancer stem cells in the progression and heterogeneity of melanoma].
abstract: Over the past decade a rare cell population called cancer stem cells has been identified in both solid tumors and hematologic cancers. These cells are reminiscent of somatic and embryonic stem cells and play a critical role in the initiation and progression of malignancies. As all stem cells, they are able to undergo asymmetric cell division and hence renew themselves and create various other progenies with heterogenous phenotypes. A growing body of literature suggested that stem cell subpopulations contribute significantly to the growth and metastatic properties of melanoma. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the current literature on melanoma stem cells, with a special emphasis on the signaling pathways responsible for the homeostatic growth of melanocytes and the uncontrolled proliferation of melanoma cells. The importance of the local microenvironment are demonstrated through summarizing the role of various cell types, soluble factors and cell adhesion molecules in the progression of melanoma and the creation of treatment resistant cancer cell clones. Last but not least, the models of melanoma progression will be introduced and a variety of cellular markers will be presented that may be used to identify and therapeutically target melanoma. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(34), 1339-1348.
authors.affiliation: Információs Technológiai és Bionikai Kar, Pázmány Péter Katolikus Egyetem Budapest.
authors.forename: Balázs
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Széky
authors.affiliation: Bőr-, Nemikórtani és Bőronkológiai Klinika, Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Budapest.
authors.forename: Pálma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Silló
authors.affiliation: Bőr-, Nemikórtani és Bőronkológiai Klinika, Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Budapest.
authors.forename: Melinda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fábián
authors.affiliation: Bőr-, Nemikórtani és Bőronkológiai Klinika, Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Budapest.
authors.forename: Balázs
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.affiliation: Bőr-, Nemikórtani és Bőronkológiai Klinika, Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Budapest.
authors.forename: Sarolta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kárpáti
authors.affiliation: Bőr-, Nemikórtani és Bőronkológiai Klinika, Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Budapest.
authors.forename: Krisztián
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Németh
mesh_terms: D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051739:Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D051739:Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor
keywords: cancer stem cell; marker; melanoma; microenvironment; mikrokörnyezet; tumorőssejt