title: Assessing viewer-centered and stimulus-centered spatial bias: The 3s spreadsheet test version 1.
abstract: The 3s Spreadsheet Test (3S Test) is a cancellation test with high stimulus density and low target-to-distractor ratio, to assess stimulus-centered and viewer-centered spatial neglect. Twenty-five stroke survivors with left-sided neglect and 68 age-matched healthy controls took the 3S Test. Patients also took the Apples Test, a validated cancellation test. No patient's accuracy on the 3S Test was in the normal range. A total of 91.7% of the patients had an abnormal start; 52.6% of the patients took abnormally long time to complete the 3S Test. The 3S and Apples Tests agreed poorly on both the viewer-centered and stimulus-centered neglect classifications (κ = .25 and .05, respectively), but consistently identified 8 of the 25 patients (32%) as having both forms of neglect while each isolated form of neglect was present in one patient (4%). Lesion data were consistent with previous studies. These findings suggest that the 3S Test is a sensitive cancellation test for assessing viewer-centered and stimulus-centered spatial neglect. We are currently developing the 3S Test version 2 to refine the test stimuli and the scoring procedure.
authors.affiliation: a Kessler Foundation , West Orange , New Jersey , USA.|b Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Rutgers University , Newark , New Jersey , USA.
authors.forename: Peii
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6724-7046
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: a Kessler Foundation , West Orange , New Jersey , USA.|c Department of Psychology , Lafayette College , Easton , Pennsylvania , USA.
authors.forename: Meghan D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Caulfield
authors.affiliation: d Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine , Columbia University , New York , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Ashley J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hartman
authors.affiliation: e School of Health and Natural Sciences , Mercy College , Dobbs Ferry , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Rourke
authors.affiliation: e School of Health and Natural Sciences , Mercy College , Dobbs Ferry , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Toglia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards*; D010468:Perceptual Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*
keywords: Brain mapping; cognitive deficit; cognitive neuroscience; hemi spatial neglect; stroke; symptom assessment