title: Neem cake as a promising larvicide and adulticide against the rural malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies (Diptera: Culicidae): a HPTLC fingerprinting approach.
abstract: Mosquitoes are insects of huge public health importance, since they act as vectors for important pathogens and parasites. Here, we focused on the possibility of using the neem cake in the fight against mosquito vectors. The neem cake chemical composition significantly changes among producers, as evidenced by our HPTLC (High performance thin layer chromatography) analyses of different marketed products. Neem cake extracts were tested to evaluate the ovicidal, larvicidal and adulticidal activity against the rural malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies. Ovicidal activity of both types of extracts was statistically significant, and 150 ppm completely inhibited egg hatching. LC50values were extremely low against fourth instar larvae, ranging from 1.321 (NM1) to 1.818 ppm (NA2). Adulticidal activity was also high, with LC50ranging from 3.015 (NM1) to 3.637 ppm (NM2). This study pointed out the utility of neem cake as a source of eco-friendly mosquitocides in Anopheline vector control programmes.
authors.affiliation: a Insect Behaviour Group, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Benelli
authors.affiliation: b Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences , Bharathiar University , Coimbatore , India.
authors.forename: Balamurugan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chandramohan
authors.affiliation: b Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences , Bharathiar University , Coimbatore , India.|c Department of Biotechnology , Thiruvalluvar University , Vellore , India.
authors.forename: Kadarkarai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murugan
authors.affiliation: b Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences , Bharathiar University , Coimbatore , India.
authors.forename: Pari
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Madhiyazhagan
authors.affiliation: b Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences , Bharathiar University , Coimbatore , India.
authors.forename: Kalimuthu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kovendan
authors.affiliation: d Faculty of Science, Department of Biology , University of Tabuk , Tabuk , Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Chellasamy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Panneerselvam
authors.affiliation: b Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences , Bharathiar University , Coimbatore , India.
authors.forename: Devakumar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dinesh
authors.affiliation: e Department of Zoology , Annamalai University , Chidambaram , India.
authors.forename: Marimuthu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Govindarajan
authors.affiliation: f Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , National Central University , Jhongli , Taiwan.
authors.forename: Akon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.affiliation: g Department of Environmental Biology , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Toniolo
authors.affiliation: a Insect Behaviour Group, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Canale
authors.affiliation: g Department of Environmental Biology , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nicoletti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000187:drug effects*; D031601:Azadirachta / Q000737:chemistry; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer / Q000379:methods*; D007303:Insect Vectors; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D008288:Malaria / Q000635:transmission*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Anopheline; arbovirus; eco-friendly insecticides; mosquito vectors; ovicidal activity