title: Impact of three task demand factors on simulated unmanned system intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance operations.
abstract: The present study investigated how three task demand factors influenced performance, subjective workload and stress of novice intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance operators within a simulation of an unmanned ground vehicle. Manipulations were task type, dual-tasking and event rate. Participants were required to discriminate human targets within a street scene from a direct video feed (threat detection [TD] task) and detect changes in symbols presented in a map display (change detection [CD] task). Dual-tasking elevated workload and distress, and impaired performance for both tasks. However, with increasing event rate, CD task deteriorated, but TD improved. Thus, standard workload models provide a better guide to evaluating the demands of abstract symbols than to processing realistic human characters. Assessment of stress and workload may be especially important in the design and evaluation of systems in which human character critical signals must be detected in video images. Practitioner Summary: This experiment assessed subjective workload and stress during threat and CD tasks performed alone and in combination. Results indicated an increase in event rate led to significant improvements in performance during TD, but decrements during CD, yet both had associated increases in workload and engagement.
authors.affiliation: a Institute for Simulation and Training , University of Central Florida , Orlando , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abich
authors.affiliation: a Institute for Simulation and Training , University of Central Florida , Orlando , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Reinerman-Jones
authors.affiliation: a Institute for Simulation and Training , University of Central Florida , Orlando , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Matthews
mesh_terms: D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D001331:Automation; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017603:Signal Detection, Psychological; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Workload; change blindness; change detection; signal detection; simulation; stress; unmanned systems