title: [Operative options for failed back surgery syndrome].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Post-nucleotomy syndrome includes all existing sequelae after surgical nucleotomy for the resection of a lumbar disc herniation, such as axial lumbar back pain and persisting radiculopathy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe underlying pathologies and to determine operative treatment options.
  
  
  METHODS
  Extensive literature research was carried out on Medline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Various devices and approaches have been developed in the last decades. Nonetheless, surgical and non-surgical therapy of post-nucleotomy syndrome remains complex and frequently fails.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Better studies providing a better level of evidence for each sub-entity of post-nucleotomy syndrome are required.
authors.affiliation: Neurochirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Krieg
authors.affiliation: Neurochirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland. bernhard.meyer@tum.de.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Meyer
mesh_terms: D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D017586:Diskectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D055111:Failed Back Surgery Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007796:Laminectomy / Q000379:methods*; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Back ache; Herniated disc; Sequels; Spinal column; Spondylodesis