title: Co-Morbidity, Mortality, Quality of Life and the Healthcare/Welfare/Social Costs of Disordered Sleep: A Rapid Review.
abstract: Sleep disorders are frequent (18%-23%) and constitute a major risk factor for psychiatric, cardiovascular, metabolic or hormonal co-morbidity and mortality. Low social status or income, unemployment, life events such as divorce, negative lifestyle habits, and professional requirements (e.g., shift work) are often associated with sleep problems. Sleep disorders affect the quality of life and impair both professional and non-professional activities. Excessive daytime drowsiness resulting from sleep disorders impairs efficiency and safety at work or on the road, and increases the risk of accidents. Poor sleep (either professional or voluntary) has detrimental effects comparable to those of major sleep disorders, but is often neglected. The high incidence and direct/indirect healthcare and welfare costs of sleep disorders and poor sleep currently constitute a major medical problem. Investigation, monitoring and strategies are needed in order to prevent/reduce the effects of these disorders.
authors.affiliation: Center of Sleep Medicine, Genoa 16132, Italy. sgarbarino.neuro@gmail.com.|Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy. sgarbarino.neuro@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garbarino
authors.affiliation: Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa 16148, Italy. paolanteri@yahoo.it.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lanteri
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Postgraduate School in Occupational Medicine, University of Genoa and Occupational Medicine Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, Genoa 16132, Italy. paolo.durando@unige.it.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Durando
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy. nicolamagnavita@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Magnavita
authors.affiliation: Center of Sleep Medicine, Genoa 16132, Italy. wgs@dism.unige.it.|Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy. wgs@dism.unige.it.
authors.forename: Walter G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Sannita
mesh_terms: D000059:Accidents; D015897:Comorbidity; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D011634:Public Health; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000191:economics* / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: accidents; cancer; cardiovascular disorders; morbidity; mortality; public health; quality of life; sleep disorders