title: Macrophage polarization in response to epigenetic modifiers during infection and inflammation.
abstract: Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of phagocytic cells present in all tissues. Recently, several drugs that target the epigenetic machinery have emerged as attractive molecules for treating infection and inflammation by modulating macrophages. Treatment of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged macrophages with epigenetic modifiers leads to phenotype switching. This could provide stimulatory/destructive (M1) or suppressive/protective (M2) therapeutic strategies, which are crucial in the cytokine milieu in which the macrophages reside. In this review, we provide an overview of macrophage functional diversity during various diseases, including infection, as well as the current status in the development and clinical utility of epigenetic modifiers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
authors.forename: Urmi
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
authors.forename: Sheeja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajasingh
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
authors.forename: Saheli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Samanta
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
authors.forename: Thuy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
authors.forename: Buddhadeb
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dawn
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA. Electronic address: rjohnson9@kumc.edu.
authors.forename: Johnson
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rajasingh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001374:Azacitidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D000077209:Decitabine; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D000077209:Decitabine; D001374:Azacitidine