title: Sexual Function, Fertility and Quality of Life after Modern Treatment of Anorectal Malformations.
abstract: Sexual dysfunction and impaired quality of life due to fecal incontinence are common after classic operations for anorectal malformations. We hypothesized that modern repairs may result in improved outcomes.
  
  
  
  Following ethical approval for this single institution cross-sectional study, all patients 16 years or older treated for rectourethral, vestibular or perineal fistula from 1983 onward were sent detailed postal questionnaires on sexual function and quality of life. Each respondent was age and gender matched to 3 controls randomly selected from the general population. Penoscrotal/gynecologic abnormalities were obtained from the records.
  
  
  
  A total of 41 patients (62%) with a median age of 22 years participated in the study. Of the patients 20 were males with rectourethral fistula (prostatic in 60%), 10 were females with vestibular/perineal fistula and 11 were males with low malformations. Although experience of sexual relationships and orgasmic function were reported in comparable proportions to controls, age at coital debut was significantly delayed in all groups of patients (p ≤0.046). Erectile function was preserved after sagittal repair but absent ejaculations or azoospermia affected 3 males with rectourethral fistula (15%). Penoscrotal/gynecologic abnormalities affected 12% of patients. Overall quality of life scores were comparable to controls but a trend was found for lower scores on emotional items in males with rectourethral fistula (p = 0.06) and for a negative effect on sexual life in females (p = 0.03).
  
  
  
  While erectile and orgasmic function appear preserved after sagittal repair, further evaluation of fertility issues in males with rectourethral fistula is indicated. Larger multicenter studies are needed to confirm our findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: kristiinakyrklund@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Kristiina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kyrklund
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Seppo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taskinen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Risto J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Rintala
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Mikko P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Pakarinen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000071056:Anorectal Malformations / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D019529:Sexuality / Q000502:physiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: colorectal surgery; fertility; fistula; quality of life; sexual development