title: Regenerative Medicine Therapies for Stress Urinary Incontinence.
abstract: We summarize the current state of knowledge regarding cell therapy for stress urinary incontinence and introduce new approaches of using regenerative pharmacology as an adjunct or replacement for cell therapy.
  
  
  
  We reviewed the literature by searching PubMed®, Ovid and Biological Abstracts. The period searched was 1975 to December 2015. The inclusion terms separately or in combination were stress urinary incontinence, cell therapy, chemokine, vascularization, innervation, secretome and/or animal models. Epublished articles were not included. We did not exclude articles based on impact factor.
  
  
  
  Cell therapy is currently proposed to restore functional muscle cells and aid in closure of the sphincter in women with sphincter associated incontinence. Clinical trials have included small numbers of patients and results have varied depending on the patient cohorts and the cells used. Results of preclinical studies have also varied but show a more favorable outcome. This difference was most likely explained by the fact that animal modeling is not directly translatable to the human condition. However, preclinical studies have identified an exciting new approach to regeneration of the urinary sphincter using the components of cells (secretomes) or chemokines that home reparative cells to sites of injury.
  
  
  
  Cell therapy will continue to be explored. However, a regenerative pharmacological approach to the treatment of stress urinary incontinence holds the promise of bypassing the lengthy and expensive process of cell isolation and also increasing the availability of treatment in many clinical settings. This approach requires careful preclinical modeling and attention to its health benefit-to-risk ratio.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Electronic address: kwilliam@wakehealth.edu.
authors.forename: J Koudy
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Gopal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Badlani
authors.affiliation: Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Aarhus Institute for Advanced Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Karl-Erik
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Andersson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D018925:Chemokines; D006801:Humans; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines
keywords: CXCL12 protein; human; muscle; regenerative medicine; skeletal; stress; urinary bladder; urinary incontinence