title: Functional Brain Network Alterations in Clinically Isolated Syndrome and Multiple Sclerosis: A Graph-based Connectome Study.
abstract: Purpose To investigate the topological organization of functional brain networks in clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and multiple sclerosis (MS) and examine the clinical relevance. Materials and Methods The institutional review board of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China, approved the study, and written informed consent was obtained from each participant. Functional brain networks were constructed for 34 patients with MS, 34 patients with CIS, and 36 matched healthy control subjects by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging data. Graph-based network measures were then calculated, followed by performance of between-group comparison and brain-behavior correlation analysis. Results Decreased whole-brain network efficiency was observed for patients with MS when compared with healthy control subjects, with intermediate values for the patients with CIS (P < .05, corrected). Regionally, both patient groups showed decreased nodal efficiency in the left rolandic operculum and insula and the superior temporal gyrus of the bilateral temporal pole (P < .05, corrected). Moreover, impaired functional connectivity involving the occipital, temporal, and frontal cortices and the insula was identified in MS (P = .007), and a similar but smaller component was observed in CIS (P = .032). The disrupted functional connectivity correlated with disease duration of the patients (r = 0.312, P = .011) and served to distinguish the patients from healthy control subjects with high performance (area under the curve for MS, 0.825 [P < .001]; area under the curve for CIS, 0.789 [P < .001]). These findings were reproducible across several different analytical strategies and were largely independent of white matter lesions and gray matter atrophy. Conclusion The results of this study demonstrate that disrupted network organization already emerges in CIS, with a lesser degree relative to MS.©RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China (Y.L., Y.D., J.H., Z.R., K.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Y.L.); Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurologic Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (Y.L., F.S.); Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 58 Haishu Rd, Cangqian, Yuhang District, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China (H.W., J.W.); Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (H.W., J.W.); and Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section of Clinical Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.Y., H.D.).
authors.forename: Yaou
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China (Y.L., Y.D., J.H., Z.R., K.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Y.L.); Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurologic Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (Y.L., F.S.); Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 58 Haishu Rd, Cangqian, Yuhang District, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China (H.W., J.W.); Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (H.W., J.W.); and Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section of Clinical Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.Y., H.D.).
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China (Y.L., Y.D., J.H., Z.R., K.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Y.L.); Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurologic Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (Y.L., F.S.); Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 58 Haishu Rd, Cangqian, Yuhang District, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China (H.W., J.W.); Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (H.W., J.W.); and Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section of Clinical Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.Y., H.D.).
authors.forename: Yunyun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China (Y.L., Y.D., J.H., Z.R., K.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Y.L.); Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurologic Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (Y.L., F.S.); Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 58 Haishu Rd, Cangqian, Yuhang District, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China (H.W., J.W.); Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (H.W., J.W.); and Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section of Clinical Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.Y., H.D.).
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China (Y.L., Y.D., J.H., Z.R., K.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Y.L.); Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurologic Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (Y.L., F.S.); Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 58 Haishu Rd, Cangqian, Yuhang District, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China (H.W., J.W.); Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (H.W., J.W.); and Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section of Clinical Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.Y., H.D.).
authors.forename: Zhuoqiong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China (Y.L., Y.D., J.H., Z.R., K.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Y.L.); Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurologic Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (Y.L., F.S.); Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 58 Haishu Rd, Cangqian, Yuhang District, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China (H.W., J.W.); Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (H.W., J.W.); and Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section of Clinical Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.Y., H.D.).
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China (Y.L., Y.D., J.H., Z.R., K.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Y.L.); Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurologic Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (Y.L., F.S.); Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 58 Haishu Rd, Cangqian, Yuhang District, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China (H.W., J.W.); Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (H.W., J.W.); and Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section of Clinical Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.Y., H.D.).
authors.forename: Huiqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China (Y.L., Y.D., J.H., Z.R., K.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Y.L.); Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurologic Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (Y.L., F.S.); Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 58 Haishu Rd, Cangqian, Yuhang District, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China (H.W., J.W.); Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (H.W., J.W.); and Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section of Clinical Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.Y., H.D.).
authors.forename: Fudong
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China (Y.L., Y.D., J.H., Z.R., K.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Y.L.); Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurologic Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (Y.L., F.S.); Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 58 Haishu Rd, Cangqian, Yuhang District, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China (H.W., J.W.); Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (H.W., J.W.); and Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section of Clinical Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.Y., H.D.).
authors.forename: Kuncheng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China (Y.L., Y.D., J.H., Z.R., K.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Y.L.); Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurologic Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (Y.L., F.S.); Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 58 Haishu Rd, Cangqian, Yuhang District, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China (H.W., J.W.); Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (H.W., J.W.); and Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section of Clinical Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.Y., H.D.).
authors.forename: Jinhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D063132:Connectome; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results