title: Kidney disease in primary anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome.
abstract: APS is an autoimmune disease defined by the presence of arterial or venous thrombotic events and/or pregnancy morbidity in patients who test positive for aPL. APS can be isolated (primary APS) or associated with other autoimmune diseases. The kidney is a major target organ in APS, and renal thrombosis can occur at any level within the vasculature of the kidney (renal arteries, intrarenal vasculature and renal veins). Histological findings vary widely, including ischaemic glomeruli and thrombotic lesions without glomerular or arterial immune deposits on immunofluorescence. Renal involvement in patients with definite APS is treated with long-term anticoagulants as warfarin, but new treatments are being tried. The aim of this article is to review the links between primary APS and kidney disease.
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine, Lozano Blesa University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Borja
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gracia-Tello
authors.affiliation: Centre for Rheumatology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Isenberg
mesh_terms: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000276:immunology; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D012078:Renal Artery Obstruction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D012082:Renal Veins; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; D000925:Anticoagulants
keywords: anti-phospholipid antibodies; anti-phospholipid–associated nephropathy; kidney disease; primary anti-phospholipid syndrome; thrombosis; treatment