title: Periodontal disease and inflammatory blood cytokines in patients with stable coronary artery disease.
abstract: METHODS
  This cross-sectional study included 91 patients with stable CAD who had been under optimized cardiovascular care. Blood levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were measured by Luminex technology. A full-mouth periodontal examination was conducted to record probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment (CA) loss. Multiple linear regression models, adjusting for gender, body mass index, oral hypoglycemic drugs, smoking, and occurre:nce of acute myocardial infarction were applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CAD patients that experienced major events had higher concentrations of IFN-γ (median: 5.05 pg/mL vs. 3.01 pg/mL; p=0.01), IL-10 (median: 2.33 pg/mL vs. 1.01 pg/mL; p=0.03), and TNF-α (median: 9.17 pg/mL vs. 7.47 pg/mL; p=0.02). Higher numbers of teeth with at least 6 mm of CA loss (R2=0.07) and PD (R2=0.06) were significantly associated with higher IFN-γ log concentrations. Mean CA loss (R2=0.05) and PD (R2=0.06) were significantly related to IL-10 concentrations. Elevated concentrations of TNF-α were associated with higher mean CA loss (R2=0.07).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Periodontal disease is associated with increased systemic inflammation in stable cardiovascular patients. These findings provide additional evidence supporting the idea that periodontal disease can be a prognostic factor in cardiovascular patients.
authors.affiliation: - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Periodontia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Cassio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kampits
authors.affiliation: - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Periodontia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Marlon M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Montenegro
authors.affiliation: - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Periodontia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Ingrid W J
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Divisão de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Mariana V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Furtado
authors.affiliation: - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Divisão de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Carisi A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Polanczyk
authors.affiliation: - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Periodontia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Cassiano K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Rösing
authors.affiliation: - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Periodontia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Alex N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Haas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood*; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010512:Periodontal Index; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007378:Interleukins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma