title: Relationships between macular pigment optical density and lacquer cracks in high myopia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A low concentration of macular carotenoid pigment (lutein and zeaxanthin) is a significant risk factor for macular degeneration. The goal of this paper is to investigate the relationship between macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and lacquer cracks (LC) in high myopia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective comparative observational study (NCT02205632) including high myopic patients with or without LC. High myopia was defined as a refractive error greater than 6 diopters of myopia or axial length greater than 26mm. All patients underwent best-corrected visual acuity in logMAR, MPOD measurement, multicolor imaging, SD-OCT, autofluorescence and axial length measurement. MPOD was calculated using heterochromatic flicker photometry. Group 1 was defined as eyes without LC and group 2 as eyes with LC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-five eyes of 32 patients with a mean age of 51.3 years were included in group 1, and 15 eyes of 13 patients aged 54.1 in group 2 (P=0.56). Mean spherical equivalent was -10.11 diopters in group 1 and -15.11 in group 2 (P=0.0004). Mean visual acuity was +0.08 logMAR (0.8 in decimal notation) in group 1 and +0.11 logMAR (0.8 in decimal notation) in group 2 (P=0.061). Axial length was 27.8mm in group 1 and 29.2 in group 2 (P=0.0052). Central macular thickness was lower in group 1 (295μm) than in group 2 (305μm) (P<0.0001), and macular choroidal thickness did not differ between the two groups (P=0.094). Mean MPOD in group 2 was 0.52 and 0.63 in group 1 (P=0.042). Differences in axial length were not related to MPOD measurements (P=0.74).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A lower rate of MPOD was observed in cases of LC in high myopia. Further studies are needed to investigate if dietary carotenoids could have a protective effect in reducing the risk of LC.
authors.affiliation: Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de Poitiers, 2, rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France; Fondation ophtalmologique Adolphe-de-Rothschild, 29, rue Manin, 75019 Paris, France. Electronic address: leabenoudis@gmail.com.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Benoudis
authors.affiliation: Service de Santé Publique, CHU de Poitiers, 2, rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ingrand
authors.affiliation: Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de Poitiers, 2, rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jeau
authors.affiliation: Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de Poitiers, 2, rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lichtwitz
authors.affiliation: Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de Poitiers, 2, rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boissonnot
authors.affiliation: Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de Poitiers, 2, rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France; Inserm 1084, 1, rue Georges-Bonnet, BP 633, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Leveziel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D065348:Macular Pigment / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009216:Myopia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010783:Photometry; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D065348:Macular Pigment
keywords: Lacquer cracks; Lutein; Lutéine; Macular pigment; Myopie pathologique; Pathologic myopia; Rupture de la membrane de Bruch; Zeaxanthin; Zéaxanthine