title: Influence of Thyroid Hormones on Tendon Homeostasis.
abstract: Tendinopathies have a multifactorial etiology driven by extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Recent studies have elucidated the importance of thyroid hormones in the alteration of tendons homeostasis and in the failure of tendon healing after injury. The effects of thyroid hormones are mediated by receptors (TR)-α and -β that seem to be ubiquitous. In particular, T3 and T4 play an antiapoptotic role on tenocytes, causing an increase in vital tenocytes isolated from tendons in vitro and a reduction of apoptotic ones; they are also able to influence extra cellular matrix proteins secretion in vitro from tenocytes, enhancing collagen production. From a clinical point of view, disorders of thyroid function have been investigated only for rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy and tears. In this complex scenario, further research is needed to clarify the role of thyroid hormones on the onset of tendinopathies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy. olivafrancesco@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Oliva
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Piccirilli
authors.affiliation: UOC Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine Laboratories, Laboratory of Stem Cells, Spirito Santo Hospital, Pescara, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Berardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tarantino
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Mile End Hospital, London, UK.|Head of Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maffulli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D052256:Tendinopathy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013710:Tendons / Q000378:metabolism*; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D013963:Thyroid Hormones