title: Genetic features of livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus ST9 isolates from Chinese pigs that carry the lsa(E) gene for quinupristin/dalfopristin resistance.
abstract: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to investigate the genetic features of the recently identified lsa(E) gene in porcine S. aureus ST9 isolates. Three quinupristin/dalfopristin-resistant isolates harboring the lsa(E) gene (two MRSA and one MSSA) were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of 184S. aureus genomes showed that ST9 porcine isolates belong to a distinct sequence cluster. Further analysis showed that all isolates were deficient in the recently described type IV restriction-modification system and SCCmec type XII was identified in the two MRSA isolates, which included a rare class C2 mec gene complex. A 24kb ΨSCC fragment was found in the MRSA and MSSA isolates sharing 99% nucleotide sequence homology with the ΨSCCJCSC6690 (O-2) element of a ST9 MRSA isolate from Thailand (accession number AB705453). Comparison of these ST9 isolates with 181 publically available S. aureus genomes identified 24 genes present in all (100%) ST9 isolates, that were absent from the most closely related human isolate. Our analysis suggests that the sequenced quinupristin/dalfopristin-resistant ST9 lineage represent a reservoir of mobile genetic elements associated with resistance and virulence features.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiaomei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institution of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zongwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Monika A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Chlebowicz
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institution of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institution of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection Prevention and Hospital Hygiene, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Hajo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Grundmann
authors.affiliation: Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK; The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pascoe
authors.affiliation: Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK; The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
authors.forename: Samuel K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sheppard
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institution of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaochen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan Maarten
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: van Dijl
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Pengcheng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institution of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Minli
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yuanhai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Heilongjiang provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Fanliang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institution of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China. Electronic address: sqwang@bmi.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Shengqi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China. Electronic address: zhangjianzhong@icdc.cn.
authors.forename: Jianzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D015280:DNA Restriction-Modification Enzymes / Q000172:deficiency; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D023061:Gene Order; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D005838:Genotype; D020071:Interspersed Repetitive Sequences; D058889:Molecular Typing; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013552:Swine / Q000382:microbiology*; D013785:Thailand; D014769:Virginiamycin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015280:DNA Restriction-Modification Enzymes; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D014769:Virginiamycin; C062940:quinupristin-dalfopristin
keywords: ABC transporters; Livestock-associated; Quinupristin/dalfopristin; Resistance; ST9; Staphylococcus aureus