title: Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer.
abstract: Lung cancer has not traditionally been viewed as an immune-responsive tumor. However, it is becoming evident that tumor-induced immune suppression is vital to malignant progression. Immunotherapies act by enhancing the patient's innate immune response and hold promise for inducing long-term responses in select patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Immune checkpoint inhibitors, in particular, inhibitors to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) have shown promise in early studies and are currently in clinical trials in both small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer patients. Two large randomized phase III trials recently demonstrated superior overall survival (OS) in patients treated with anti-PD-1 therapy compared to chemotherapy in the second-line setting.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 777 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
authors.forename: Emily H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Castellanos
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 777 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. leora.horn@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Leora
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Horn
mesh_terms: D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D055752:Small Cell Lung Carcinoma / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: CTLA-4; Immunotherapy; PD-1; PD-L1