title: Psychosocial Determinants of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in a Japanese Population.
abstract: There is limited evidence in Japan regarding the psychosocial determinants of fruit/vegetable intake. We performed a cross-sectional study of people aged 18 years or older in four regions of Japan; 2308 (men: 1012, women: 1296) individuals who completed the questionnaires were included. We found that 24.8% of people were aware of the current recommendations for vegetables and 13.2% for fruit and that "ability to design meals" and "availability when eating outside of the home" were the most important factors related to self-efficacy and barriers to fruit and vegetable intake, respectively. People with high self-efficacy (OR: 3.16; 95% CI: 2.17, 4.60 for fruit; OR: 4.52; 95% CI: 3.08, 6.64 for vegetables) were more likely to consume more fruit and vegetables. People with high scores on attitude (OR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.24) and social support (OR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.27) were more likely to consume more fruit. People with high perceived barriers (OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.98) were less likely to consume fruit. This study suggests a need to increase the general population's awareness of the fruit and vegetable intake recommendations; facilitating positive attitudes, self-efficacy, and social support for individuals and strengthening the ability of individuals to design meals with more vegetables and fruit might be useful intervention programs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Okayama 700-0005, Japan. dahong@dbc.ous.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Da-Hong
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Nutrition, Junior College of Shimane University, 100-205 Horo-machi, Matsue 690-0886, Japan. m-kogashiwa@water.sannet.ne.jp.
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kogashiwa
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition, Seitoku University, 550 Iwase, Matsudo 271-8555, Japan. nkawano@seitoku.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Life, Faculty of Food and Nutrition, Okayamagakuin University, 2-28-12-201 Kugahara, Ohta, Tokyo 146-0085, Japan. shikibunn@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Shikibu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Mimasaka Junior College, 50 kitazono-cho, Tsuyama 708-8511, Japan. fujii@mimasaka.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Wakako
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition, Seitoku University, 550 Iwase, Matsudo 271-8555, Japan. nbo8ueda@seitoku.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.affiliation: Department of Brewing and Fermentation, Junior College of Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan. h3homma@nodai.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Homma
authors.affiliation: Institute for Education and Student Services, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan. hsuzuki@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Okayama 700-0005, Japan. masuokan@dls.ous.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Noriyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Masuoka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011584:Psychology; D020377:Self Efficacy; D014675:Vegetables; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: attitude; fruit; perceived barrier; psychosocial factors; responsibility; self-efficacy; vegetables