title: Military Sexual Trauma and Co-occurring Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Depressive Disorders, and Substance Use Disorders among Returning Afghanistan and Iraq Veterans.
abstract: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depressive disorders (DD), and substance use disorders (SUD) are prevalent among veterans. A positive military sexual trauma (MST) screen is associated with higher likelihood of each of these disorders. The current study examined the associations between MST, gender, and co-occurring PTSD, DD, and SUD among veterans receiving services at the Department of Veterans Affairs to inform assessment and treatment. We were specifically interested in the interactions between MST and gender on co-occurring disorders.
  
  
  
  The sample included 494,822 Department of Veterans Affairs service-seeking veterans (12.5% women) deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan who recently separated from the military and were screened for MST between 2004 and 2013.
  
  
  
  Veterans with positive MST screens had higher odds than those with negative screens of individual and co-occurring PTSD, DD, and SUD. The association between positive MST screens and diagnostic outcomes, including PTSD, was stronger for women than for men, and the association between positive MST screens and some diagnostic outcomes, including DD, was stronger for men than for women.
  
  
  
  These results highlight the importance of assessing for and recognizing the potential MST and gender interactions in the clinical context among veterans with co-occurring PTSD, DD, and/or SUD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Crime Victims Research & Treatment Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle Division, Seattle, Washington. Electronic address: gilmoram@musc.edu.
authors.forename: Amanda K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Gilmore
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah; VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brignone
authors.affiliation: VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle Division, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Janelle M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Painter
authors.affiliation: VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle Division, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Keren
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lehavot
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah; VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Jamison
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fargo
authors.affiliation: VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suo
authors.affiliation: VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle Division, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.affiliation: VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Marjorie E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah.
authors.forename: Rebecca K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Blais
authors.affiliation: VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Adi V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Gundlapalli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D055826:Afghan Campaign 2001-; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D054542:Iraq War, 2003-2011; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015995:Prevalence; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014493:United States Department of Veterans Affairs; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data