title: Skeletal Muscle Oxygenation Measured by EPR Oximetry Using a Highly Sensitive Polymer-Encapsulated Paramagnetic Sensor.
abstract: We have incorporated LiNc-BuO, an oxygen-sensing paramagnetic material, in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which is an oxygen-permeable, biocompatible, and stable polymer. We fabricated implantable and retrievable oxygen-sensing chips (40 % LiNc-BuO in PDMS) using a 20-G Teflon tubing to mold the chips into variable shapes and sizes for in vivo studies in rats. In vitro EPR measurements were used to test the chip's oxygen response. Oxygen induced linear and reproducible line broadening with increasing partial pressure (pO2). The oxygen response was similar to that of bare (unencapsulated) crystals and did not change significantly on sterilization by autoclaving. The chips were implanted in rat femoris muscle and EPR oximetry was performed repeatedly (weekly) for 12 weeks post-implantation. The measurements showed good reliability and reproducibility over the period of testing. These results demonstrated that the new formulation of OxyChip with 40 % LiNc-BuO will enable the applicability of EPR oximetry for long-term measurement of oxygen concentration in tissues and has the potential for clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA. Huagang.Hou@Dartmouth.Edu.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagane
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gohain
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
authors.forename: E Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Jarvis
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Schaner
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.|Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Flood
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.|Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Swartz
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA. Periannan.Kuppusamy@dartmouth.edu.|Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA. Periannan.Kuppusamy@dartmouth.edu.|Department of Radiology, EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA. Periannan.Kuppusamy@dartmouth.edu.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kuppusamy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D003460:Crystallization; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008665:Metalloporphyrins / Q000737:chemistry*; D008904:Miniaturization; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D010092:Oximetry / Q000379:methods*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010313:Partial Pressure; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D008665:Metalloporphyrins; C481390:lithium 5,9,14,18,23,27,32,36-octa-n-butoxy-2,3-naphthocyanine; C013830:baysilon; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry; Oxygen sensor; Partial pressure of oxygen (pO2); Skeletal muscle