title: Conditional Random Field-Based Offline Map Matching for Indoor Environments.
abstract: In this paper, we present an offline map matching technique designed for indoor localization systems based on conditional random fields (CRF). The proposed algorithm can refine the results of existing indoor localization systems and match them with the map, using loose coupling between the existing localization system and the proposed map matching technique. The purpose of this research is to investigate the efficiency of using the CRF technique in offline map matching problems for different scenarios and parameters. The algorithm was applied to several real and simulated trajectories of different lengths. The results were then refined and matched with the map using the CRF algorithm.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering, University of Deusto, Av. Universidades, 24, Bilbao 48007, Spain. safaa.bataineh@deusto.es.
authors.forename: Safaa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bataineh
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering, University of Deusto, Av. Universidades, 24, Bilbao 48007, Spain. alfonso.bahillo@deusto.es.
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bahillo
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering, University of Deusto, Av. Universidades, 24, Bilbao 48007, Spain. luis.enrique.diez@deusto.es.
authors.forename: Luis Enrique
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Díez
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering, University of Deusto, Av. Universidades, 24, Bilbao 48007, Spain. enrique.onieva@deusto.es.|DeustoTech-Fundación Deusto, Fundación Deusto, Av. Universidades, 24, Bilbao 48007, Spain. enrique.onieva@deusto.es.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Onieva
authors.affiliation: Department of Architecture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan. ikrambataineh@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ikram
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bataineh
keywords: conditional random fields; indoor localization; indoor positioning; inertial sensors; map modelling; mobility of pedestrians; navigation systems; offline map matching