title: Graphitic carbon nitride/BiOCl composites for sensitive photoelectrochemical detection of ciprofloxacin.
abstract: Ciprofloxacin, as a second generation of fluoroquinolone antibiotics, has been proved to cause environmental harm and exhibits toxic effects on the wastewater and surface water even at low concentrations due to their continuous input and persistence. Despite tremendous efforts, developing ciprofloxacin detection method with accuracy and sensitivity at low-cost remains a great challenge. Herein, graphitic carbon nitride/BiOCl composite (g-CN/BiOCl) has been designed for a facile and sensitive photoelectrochemical (PEC) monitoring platform of ciprofloxacin at first time. BiOCl can be modified with the g-CN nanosheets which are obtained via solvothermal process at low-temperature conditions. The use of g-CN is shown to strongly enhance the PEC response of BiOCl due to the formation of heterojunctions. The photocurrent generated at the g-CN/BiOCl-modified ITO (with 13wt%g-CN content) is much higher and more stable than that of a BiOCl-modified ITO. Based on these findings, the g-CN/BiOCl-modified ITO was used to design a PEC assay for the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. Furthermore, the limit of detection of the ciprofloxacin PEC sensor has been significantly lowered to 0.2ngmL(-1). In addition, the PEC sensor can detect ciprofloxacin in the wide range of 0.5-1840ngmL(-1).
authors.affiliation: Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Environmental Futures Research Institute and Griffith School of Environment, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, QLD 4222, Australia.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Environmental Futures Research Institute and Griffith School of Environment, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, QLD 4222, Australia; School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
authors.forename: Henan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
authors.forename: Pengcheng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
authors.forename: Jiexiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
authors.forename: Jingxia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Environmental Futures Research Institute and Griffith School of Environment, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, QLD 4222, Australia.
authors.forename: Shanqing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China. Electronic address: lhm@ujs.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Huaming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China. Electronic address: shouqiy@ujs.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shouqi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001729:Bismuth / Q000737:chemistry*; D002138:Calibration; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D057230:Limit of Detection; D009570:Nitriles / Q000737:chemistry*; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D009570:Nitriles; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C044685:bismuth oxychloride; C011206:cyanogen; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D006108:Graphite; D001729:Bismuth
keywords: Bismuth oxychloride; Ciprofloxacin; Graphitic carbon nitride; Photoelectrochemical detection