title: Polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan composite coating for in-tube solid-phase microextraction and in-situ derivation to analysis of two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood.
abstract: In order to highly enrich two liver cancer biomarkers (hexanal and 2-butanone) in human blood, in this study, natural nontoxic polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan (PD/DAS/CHI) coating material was synthesized and immobilized on the inner wall of polytetrafluoro-ethlyene (PTFE) tube. It was used to develop the method based on in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) with in-situ derivatization (ISD) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of the above mentioned two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. The simple, rapid and sensitive IT-SPME-ISD method can be finished within 11 min. Under optimum conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) were 1.4 and 1.6 nmol L(-1) for hexanal and 2-butanone, respectively. The relative recoveries from real human blood samples were in the range from 70% to 91% with the intra- and inter-day precisions less than 7.2%. Furthermore, this method was successfully applied for the analysis of hexanal and 2-butanone in blood samples from healthy people with 0.42 ± 0.05 and 0.34 ± 0.04 μmol L(-1), while liver cancer patients with 1.90 ± 0.07  μmol L(-1) and 0.91 ± 0.07 μmol L(-1), respectively. The t-test's results showed there is a statistically significant difference between the data from healthy persons and liver cancer patients. Hence, the developed method might be applied in the screening of suspected liver cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Institute of Public Health and Molecular Medicine Analysis, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
authors.forename: Shiju
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Institute of Public Health and Molecular Medicine Analysis, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
authors.forename: Cuicui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Institute of Public Health and Molecular Medicine Analysis, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China. Electronic address: chengjingok@mail.ccnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Institute of Public Health and Molecular Medicine Analysis, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
authors.forename: Hongbin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Institute of Public Health and Molecular Medicine Analysis, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
authors.forename: Jiali
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D048271:Chitosan; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D010316:Particle Size; D011108:Polymers; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction; D013213:Starch / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007211:Indoles; D011108:Polymers; C568283:polydopamine; D013213:Starch; D048271:Chitosan; C012880:dialdehyde starch
keywords: HPLC; Hexanal and 2-butanone; Polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan composite; Polytetrafluoroethlyene tube; Solid-phase microextraction