title: Potential dual role of nuclear factor-kappa B in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced early brain injury in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) has multiple physiological and pathological functions. The role of NF-κB can be protective or destructive. We aim to investigate the biphasic activation of NF-κB in brain after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty male New Zealand rabbits are assigned to control, SAH, vehicle, and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  PDTC (3 mg/kg, dissolved in saline) was injected into cisterna magna.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunofluorescence and electrophoretic mobility shift assay experiments were performed to assess the activation of NF-κB. The levels of inflammatory and apoptosis mediators were detected by ELISA and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Nissl and immunofluorescent stain was performed to evaluate neuron injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NF-κB activity in the brain cortex showed two peaks after SAH. Inflammatory mediators exhibited similar time course. PDTC could significantly inhibit the NF-κB activity and inflammatory mediators. Suppressing the early NF-κB activity significantly decreased neuron injury, while inhibiting the late one could statistically increase neuron injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The biphasic NF-κB activation in the brain cortex after SAH played a decisive role on neuronal fate through the inflammatory signaling pathway. The early NF-κB activity contributed to neuron damage after SAH. Nevertheless, the late activated NF-κB may serve as a protector.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.
authors.forename: Wanchun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.|Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Taicang City, Taicang, 215400, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.
authors.forename: Haitao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.
authors.forename: Xiaodi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.
authors.forename: Haiying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Changshu No. 1 People's Hospital, Changshu, 215500, China. 13280008348@163.com.
authors.forename: Haiping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Taixing Chinese Medicine Hospital, Taixing, 225400, China. 15716201037@163.com.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.
authors.forename: Tiejun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000378:metabolism*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000235:genetics; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000378:metabolism*; D013859:Thiocarbamates; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016328:NF-kappa B; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013859:Thiocarbamates; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C020972:pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid; D053148:Caspase 3
keywords: Dual role; Early brain injury; Nuclear factor-kappa B; Rabbit; Subarachnoid hemorrhage