title: Local anesthetics induce autophagy in young permanent tooth pulp cells.
abstract: Pulp cells are essential for tooth development, and dentin repair and regeneration. In addition these cells have been identified as an important stem cell source. Local anesthetics are widely used in dental clinics, as well as the other clinical disciplines and have been suggested to interfere with human permanent tooth development and induce tooth agenesis through unknown mechanisms. Using pig model and human young permanent tooth pulp cells, our research has identified that the local anesthetics commonly used in clinics can affect cell proliferation. Molecular pathway profiling suggested that LC3II is one of the earliest molecules induced by the agents and p62 is the only common downstream target identified for all the drugs tested. The effect of the drugs could be partially recovered by V-ATPase inhibitor only if early intervention is performed. Our results provide novel evidence that local anesthetics could affect tooth cell growth that potentially can have impacts on tooth development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China; Peninsula Dental School, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, 16 Research Way, Plymouth, UK.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthetics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University , 4 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, P.R. China.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Peninsula Dental School, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry , 16 Research Way, Plymouth, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.affiliation: Peninsula Dental School, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry , 16 Research Way, Plymouth, UK.
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: Peninsula Medical School, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry , Research Way, Plymouth, UK.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Nisr
authors.affiliation: Peninsula Medical School, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry , Research Way, Plymouth, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tieu
authors.affiliation: Peninsula Dental School, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry , 16 Research Way, Plymouth, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Peninsula Dental School, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry , 16 Research Way, Plymouth, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tredwin
authors.affiliation: Peninsula Medical School, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry , Research Way, Plymouth, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Division of Cariology & Endodontology, Dental School, University of Geneva , Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ardu
authors.affiliation: Peninsula Dental School, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry , 16 Research Way, Plymouth, UK.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hu