title: Imaging of in vitro parenteral drug precipitation.
abstract: Solid particulate matter introduced into the bloodstream as a result of parenteral drug administration can produce serious pathological conditions. Particulate matter that cannot be eliminated by pre-infusion filtration is often the result of drug precipitation that occurs when certain parenteral formulations are mixed with blood. A new device is designed to model the mixing of drug formulations with flowing blood utilizing a uniquely designed flow cell and a CCD camera to view the formulation as it is mixed with a blood surrogate in real time. The performance of the proposed device is measured using 3 commercially available parenteral formulations previously tested using a validated in vitro model.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin PO Box 210202 Tucson, AZ 85721, United States. Electronic address: evans@pharmacy.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Daniel C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.affiliation: College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, 1630 E. University Blvd., P.O. Box 210094, Tucson, AZ 85721-0094, United States. Electronic address: mwkudeno@ncsu.edu.
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Kudenov
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin PO Box 210202 Tucson, AZ 85721, United States. Electronic address: sassenrath@pharmacy.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Kimberly C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Sassenrath
authors.affiliation: College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, 1630 E. University Blvd., P.O. Box 210094, Tucson, AZ 85721-0094, United States. Electronic address: eustace@optics.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Eustace L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Dereniak
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin PO Box 210202 Tucson, AZ 85721, United States. Electronic address: yalkowsk@pharmacy.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Samuel H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yalkowsky
mesh_terms: D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000067493:Dynamic Light Scattering / Q000379:methods*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations