title: What is the impact of n-3 PUFAs on inflammation markers in Type 2 diabetic mellitus populations?: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the possible role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in lowering inflammation markers in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed, CNKI and Cochrane databases were searched until December 30, 2015; references from papers or reviews were also retrieved and screened. Screening was performed by two independent researchers, and randomized controlled trials reporting the specific n-3 PUFA type, dose, frequency, and duration of treatment, as well as the baseline and follow-up concentrations of inflammation markers, including interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP), were selected for final analysis. Data analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2 software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight studies involving 955 participants were included; all reported CRP. Only one included study reported IL-2 or IL-6 while two studies reported TNF-α. N-3 PUFAs significantly reduced CRP concentration compared with control [SMD 95 % CI, 1.90 (0.64, 3.16), Z = 2.96, P = 0.003, random effect model].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  N-3 PUFAs decrease CRP concentration in type-2 diabetes mellitus. However, larger and rigorously designed RCTs are required to confirm this finding and extend it into other inflammatory biomarkers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China. helenmedic@yeah.net.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China.
authors.forename: Jiao-Jiao
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Informatics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China.
authors.forename: Yun-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Informatics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.|NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
authors.forename: Philip C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Calder
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China.
authors.forename: Li-Jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Fish oil; Inflammation markers; N-3 PUFAs; Type 2 diabetes mellitus