title: Second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of cancer heterogeneity in ultrasound guided biopsies of prostate in men suspected with prostate cancer.
abstract: Prostate cancer is a multifocal disease with characteristic heterogeneity and foci that can range from low grade indolent to aggressive disease. The latter is characterised by the well-established histopathological Gleason grading system used in the current clinical care. Nevertheless, a large discrepancy exists on initial biopsy and after the final radical prostatectomy. Moreover, there is no reliable imaging modality to study these foci, in particular at the level of the cells and surrounding matrix. Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling is significant in cancer progression with collagen as the dominant structural component providing mechanical strength and flexibility of tissue. In this study, the collagen assembly in prostate tissue was investigated with second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy: malignant foci demonstrated a reticular pattern, with a typical collagen pattern for each Gleason score. The orientation of collagen for each biopsy was computed by applying a ratio of the anisotropic and isotropic collagen fibres. This value was found to be distinct for each Gleason score. The findings suggest that this approach can not only be used to detect prostate cancer, but also can act as a potential biomarker for cancer aggressiveness.
authors.affiliation: Academic Section of Urology, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK.|School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Yuting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: Academic Section of Urology, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK.|School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Chunhui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Kairui
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Academic Section of Urology, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.affiliation: Dundee Imaging Facility, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
authors.forename: Paul L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Appleton
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McGloin
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Academic Section of Urology, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Ghulam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nabi
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D061705:Image-Guided Biopsy; D008297:Male; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000073798:Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: Gleason score; Prostate cancer (PCa); collagen; orientation; preferred orientation; second harmonic generation (SHG)