title: Treatment of behavioral sleep problems in children and adolescents - literature review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To collect data on treatment of behavioural sleep disorders in children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature review based on the PUBMED database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on the analysed materials three basic complementary procedures were identified - implementation of sleep hygiene, behavioural interventions and pharmacological treatment. The rules of sleep hygiene proven to be effective include: regular sleep schedule, adequately prepared place to sleep (a dark, quiet bedroom without multimedia), bedtime routine, avoiding caffeinated beverages. The following issues require further studies to confirm their effectiveness: falling asleep independently without parent's assistance, bedtime reading, physical activity, reducing daytime multimedia use, tryptophan rich breakfasts. Behavioural interventions and pharmacological treatment may in some cases be temporarily implemented to complement the sleep hygiene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The implementation of sleep hygiene is a primary, fully acceptable to the child and parents, way to improve the baby sleep. In case of ineffectiveness of the proposed rules, those can be complemented with behavioural methods that are highly effective but some parents do not accept them or make mistakes in their introduction. Pharmacotherapy can be used as a temporary support for families with severe behavioural problems as an aid in the implementation of sleep hygiene and behavioural methods.
authors.affiliation: Mazowieckie Centrum Neuropsychiatrii w Zagórzu.
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaczor
authors.affiliation: Katedra i Klinika Psychiatryczna, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skalski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002654:Child Care / Q000379:methods; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000070263:Sleep Hygiene / Q000502:physiology*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: behavioural sleep problems; children; sleep