title: Effect of botanical extracts containing carnosic acid or rosmarinic acid on learning and memory in SAMP8 mice.
abstract: Oxidative damage is one of the hallmarks of the aging process. The current study evaluated effects of two proprietary antioxidant-based ingredients, rosemary extract and spearmint extract containing carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid, respectively, on learning and memory in the SAMP8 mouse model of accelerated aging. The two rosemary extracts contained carnosic acid (60% or 10% carnosic acid) and one spearmint extract contained 5% rosmarinic acid. Three doses of actives in each extract were tested: 32, 16, 1.6 or 0mg/kg. After 90days of treatment mice were tested in T-maze foot shock avoidance, object recognition and lever press. Rosemary extract containing 60% carnosic acid improved acquisition and retention in T-maze foot shock, object recognition and lever press. Rosemary extract with 10% carnosic acid improved retention in T-maze foot shock avoidance and lever press. Spearmint with 5% rosmarinic acid improved acquisition and retention in T-maze foot shock avoidance and object recognition. 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) was reduced in the brain cortex after treatment with all three extracts (P<0.001) compared to the vehicle treated SAMP8. Protein carbonyls were reduced in the hippocampus after administration of rosemary with 10% carnosic acid (P<0.05) and spearmint containing 5% rosmarinic acid (P<0.001). The current results indicate that the extracts from spearmint and rosemary have beneficial effects on learning and memory and brain tissue markers of oxidation that occur with age in SAMP8 mice.
authors.affiliation: VA Medical Center, 915 North Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63106, United States; St. Louis University School of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, 1402 South Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63104, United States. Electronic address: farrsa@slu.edu.
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Farr
authors.affiliation: St. Louis University School of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, 1402 South Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63104, United States.
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Niehoff
authors.affiliation: Kemin Foods, L.C, 2100 Maury St., Des Moines, IA, 50307, United States.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ceddia
authors.affiliation: Kemin Foods, L.C, 2100 Maury St., Des Moines, IA, 50307, United States.
authors.forename: Kelli A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Herrlinger
authors.affiliation: Kemin Foods, L.C, 2100 Maury St., Des Moines, IA, 50307, United States.
authors.forename: Brandon J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Kemin Foods, L.C, 2100 Maury St., Des Moines, IA, 50307, United States.
authors.forename: Shulin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 249 Chemistry-Physics, Lexington, KY 40506, United States.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Welleford
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 249 Chemistry-Physics, Lexington, KY 40506, United States.
authors.forename: D Allan
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Butterfield
authors.affiliation: St. Louis University School of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, 1402 South Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63104, United States; St. Louis University School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, 1402 South Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO, 63104, United States.
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Morley
mesh_terms: D045784:Abietanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000378:metabolism; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000187:drug effects; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects; D053630:Depsides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004597:Electroshock; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000187:drug effects*; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D027542:Rosmarinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid
chemical_list: D045784:Abietanes; D000447:Aldehydes; D002934:Cinnamates; D053630:Depsides; D014280:Triglycerides; D014443:Tyrosine; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid; C046537:4-hydroxy-2-undecenal; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; C018381:salvin
keywords: Carnosic acid; Learning; Memory; Rosmarinic acid; SAMP8 mice