title: Early motor repertoire in very low birth weight infants in India is associated with motor development at one year.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most studies on Prechtl's method of assessing General Movements (GMA) in young infants originate in Europe.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if motor behavior at an age of 3 months post term is associated with motor development at 12 months post age in VLBW infants in India.
  
  
  METHODS
  243 VLBW infants (135 boys, 108 girls; median gestational age 31wks, range 26-39wks) were video-recorded at a median age of 11wks post term (range 9-16wks). Certified and experienced observers assessed the videos by the "Assessment of Motor Repertoire - 2-5 Months". Fidgety movements (FMs) were classified as abnormal if absent, sporadic or exaggerated, and as normal if intermittently or continually present. The motor behaviour was evaluated by repertoire of co-existent other movements (age-adequacy) and concurrent motor repertoire. In addition, videos of 215 infants were analyzed by computer and the variability of the spatial center of motion (CSD) was calculated. The Peabody Developmental Motor Scales was used to assess motor development at 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abnormal FMs, reduced age adequacy, and an abnormal concurrent motor repertoire were significantly associated with lower Gross Motor and Total Motor Quotient (GMQ, TMQ) scores (p < 0.05). The CSDwas higher in children with TMQ scores <90 (-1SD) than in children with higher TMQ scores (p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Normal FMs (assessed by Gestalt perception) and a low variability of the spatial center of motion (assessed by computer-based video analysis) predicted higher Peabody scores in 12-month-old infants born in India with a very low birth weight.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Physiotherapy, Clinic of Clinical Services, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, P.O. Box 3250 Sluppen, 7006 Trondheim, Norway. Electronic address: lars.adde@ntnu.no.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Adde
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Christian Medical College, IDA Scudder Rd, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004, India. Electronic address: niranjan@cmcvellore.ac.in.
authors.forename: Niranjan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Christian Medical College, IDA Scudder Rd, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004, India. Electronic address: lilblessing14@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hima B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: John
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Christian Medical College, IDA Scudder Rd, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004, India. Electronic address: docspo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oommen
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, Clinic of Clinical Services, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, P.O. Box 3250 Sluppen, 7006 Trondheim, Norway. Electronic address: Randi.Tynes.Vagen@stolav.no.
authors.forename: Randi Tynes
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Vågen
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Physiotherapy, Clinic of Clinical Services, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, P.O. Box 3250 Sluppen, 7006 Trondheim, Norway. Electronic address: toril.fjortoft@ntnu.no.
authors.forename: Toril
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fjørtoft
authors.affiliation: Department of Musicology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1072 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: a.r.jensenius@imv.uio.no.
authors.forename: Alexander Refsum
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Jensenius
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Pediatrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, P.O. Box 3250 Sluppen, 7006 Trondheim, Norway. Electronic address: ragnhild.stoen@ntnu.no.
authors.forename: Ragnhild
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Støen
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology; D001724:Birth Weight; D002657:Child Development; D015331:Cohort Studies; D020820:Dyskinesias; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000523:psychology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D014741:Video Recording
keywords: Computer-based assessment; Fidgety movements; General movements; Movement recognition; Neurodevelopmental assessment