title: MicroRNAs Expression in the Ileal Pouch of Patients with Ulcerative Colitis Is Robustly Up-Regulated and Correlates with Disease Phenotypes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gene expression alterations are associated with disease behavior in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). microRNAs (miRNAs) are dominant in the regulation of gene expression, and may affect IBD phenotype. Our aim was to assess mucosal miRNA expression in IBD and the correlation with intestinal inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a large-scale analysis of ileal mucosal miRNA. Biopsies were retrieved from patients with ileal Crohn's disease (CD), unoperated ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, UC patients after pouch surgery, and normal controls (NC). Pouch UC patients were classified as having a normal pouch (NP), chronic pouchitis (CP), and Crohn's-like disease of the pouch (CLDP). miRNA expression was analyzed by parallel massive (next-generation) sequencing (NGS). Bioinformatics tools were applied for clustering and the detection of potential targets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-one subjects were recruited. The ileum of unoperated UC patients was comparable with NC. There were significant miRNA expression alterations (fold change ≥2, corrected P ≤.05) in NP (n = 6), CP (n = 40) and CLDP (n = 139), but only two expression alterations were noted in CD. More than 90% of the altered miRNAs were up-regulated, and many were predicted to be associated with significantly decreased transcripts. miRNAs alterations were generally clustered with disease phenotypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ileal inflammation causes increased miRNA expression. miRNA alterations correlate with IBD phenotype, apparently by controlling the down-regulation of specific mRNAs.
authors.affiliation: Genetic Institute, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.|Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Shay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ben-Shachar
authors.affiliation: IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.|Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Henit
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yanai
authors.affiliation: IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Hadas
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sherman Horev
authors.affiliation: IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Hofit
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Elad
authors.affiliation: IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.|Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Liran
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baram
authors.affiliation: Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Ofer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Issakov
authors.affiliation: Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.|Colorectal Unit, Division of Surgery, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Hagit
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tulchinsky
authors.affiliation: Bioinformatics Unit, G.S.W. Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Metsada
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pasmanik-Chor
authors.affiliation: Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Noam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shomron
authors.affiliation: IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.|Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dotan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D039021:Colonic Pouches / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007082:Ileum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs