title: Non-fatal impalement of the brain: A case report.
abstract: We present a rare case of a non-fatal impalement injury of the brain. A 13-year-old boy was found in his classroom unconsciously lying on floor. His classmates reported that they had been playing, and throwing building bricks, when suddenly the boy collapsed. The emergency physician did not find significant injuries. Upon admission to a hospital, CT imaging revealed a "blood path" through the brain. After clinical forensic examination, an impalement injury was diagnosed, with the entry wound just below the left eyebrow. Eventually, the police presented a variety of pointers that were suspected to have caused the injury. Forensic trace analysis revealed human blood on one of the pointers, and subsequent STR analysis linked the blood to the injured boy. Confronted with the results of the forensic examination, the classmates admitted that they had been playing "sword fights" using the pointers, and that the boy had been hit during the game. The case illustrates the difficulties of diagnosing impalement injuries, and identifying the exact cause of the injury.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Clinical Forensic Medicine, Graz, Austria. Electronic address: thorsten.schwark@medunigraz.at.
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schwark
authors.affiliation: ForGen GmbH, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: von Wurmb-Schwark
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D020197:Head Injuries, Penetrating / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D010988:Play and Playthings / Q000293:injuries*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: Brain; Impalement; Pointer; STR analysis