title: MMP-14 Triggered Fluorescence Contrast Agent.
abstract: Matrix metalloproteinase-14 (MMP-14) is involved in cancer invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Therefore, it is considered to be a biomarker for aggressive cancer types, including some of the triple-negative breast cancer. Accurate (i.e., specific) and sensitive detection of MMP-14 can, thus, be important for the early diagnosis of and accurate prognosis for aggressive cancer, including the breast cancer caused by cell line MDA-MB 231. Fluorophore-mediated molecular sensing has been used for detecting biomarkers, for a long time. One way to increase the specificity of the sensing is designing the fluorophore to emit its fluorescence only when it encounters the biomarker of interest. When a fluorophore is placed on the surface of, or very close to a gold nanoparticle (GNP), its fluorescence is quenched. Applying this relationship between the GNP and fluorophore, we have developed a GNP-based, near-infrared fluorescent contrast agent that is highly specific for MMP-14. This agent normally emits only 14-17 % fluorescence of the free fluorophore. When the agent encounters MMP-14, its fluorescence gets fully restored, allowing MMP-14 specific optical signal emission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
authors.forename: Mai-Dung
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA. kyung.kang@louisville.edu.
authors.forename: Kyung A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006046:Gold; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles; D053511:Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 / Q000378:metabolism*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D011422:Propionates; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D003287:Contrast Media; C000604523:Cypate; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007211:Indoles; D011422:Propionates; D006046:Gold; C507086:MMP14 protein, human; D053511:Matrix Metalloproteinase 14
keywords: Breast cancer detection; Cypate; Gold nanoparticle; MDA-MB 231; MMP-14