title: Different Performance of Two Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Species Feeding on Sugars.
abstract: Most parasitoids depend on carbohydrate-rich foods to maximize their longevity and reproduction potential. These food resources are commonly from floral nectar, extra-floral nectar, and honeydew, which contain monosaccharides, disaccharides, and oligosaccharides. Here, we report an experiment to explore the effects of 12 naturally occurring sugars on the gustatory response, longevity, and fecundity of Trichogramma japonicum and Trichogramma chilonis These two parasitoid species differed in their responses to the tested sugars. Trichogramma japonicum showed a high gustatory response to eight sugars, but T. chilonis to only six. However, only fructose, glucose, and sucrose increased the longevity of T. japonicum, and only glucose enhanced the fecundity. For T. chilonis, fructose, galactose, gluctose, maltose, melibiose, sucrose, and melezitose prolonged the longevity and increased fecundity. Furthermore, female T. japonicum benefitted much less from the ingestion of sugars when compared with female T. chilonis For T. japonicum, feeding on suitable sugars, longevity was increased by a factor of 1.8-2.0, and fecundity by a factor of 1.5. In T. chilonis, longevity increased by a factor of 2.9-5.2 and fecundity by 2.7-4.0. Thus, providing the right sugars to the parasitoids will help to enhance the biological control efficacy of Trichogramma, and T. chilonis in particular.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Rd., Hangzhou 310021, China (tianjunce@163.com; wanggengwei123@yeah.net; zhengxs0502@sina.com; 707307127@qq.com; luzxmh@163.com).
authors.forename: Jun-Ce
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Rd., Hangzhou 310021, China (tianjunce@163.com; wanggengwei123@yeah.net; zhengxs0502@sina.com; 707307127@qq.com; luzxmh@163.com) luzxmh@163.com.
authors.forename: Geng-Wei
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Agroscope, Institute for Sustainability Sciences ISS, Zurich 8046, Switzerland (joerg.romeis@agroscope.admin.ch).
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Romeis
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Rd., Hangzhou 310021, China (tianjunce@163.com; wanggengwei123@yeah.net; zhengxs0502@sina.com; 707307127@qq.com; luzxmh@163.com).
authors.forename: Xu-Song
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Rd., Hangzhou 310021, China (tianjunce@163.com; wanggengwei123@yeah.net; zhengxs0502@sina.com; 707307127@qq.com; luzxmh@163.com).
authors.forename: Hong-Xing
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Engineering Research Center of Natural Enemy Insects, Institute of Biological Control, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China (lsz0415@163.com).
authors.forename: Lian-Sheng
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Rd., Hangzhou 310021, China (tianjunce@163.com; wanggengwei123@yeah.net; zhengxs0502@sina.com; 707307127@qq.com; luzxmh@163.com).
authors.forename: Zhong-Xian
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D008136:Longevity; D013045:Species Specificity; D055697:Taste Perception; D014863:Wasps / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Trichogramma chilonis; Trichogramma japonicum; carbohydrate; gustatory response; longevity