title: Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Changes in ADHD Symptoms, Executive Functions, and Self- and Parent-Report Depression Symptoms in Boys and Girls With ADHD: A 2-Year Follow-Up Study.
abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the association between changes in ADHD symptoms, executive functions (EFs), and depression symptoms in girls and boys with ADHD over a 2-year period.
  
  
  
  Thirty-six girls and 39 boys with ADHD, 18 typically developing (TD) girls and 29 TD boys (ages 9-16) were included. Assessments of EFs, ADHD symptoms, and self- and parent-report of depression symptoms were carried out.
  
  
  
  For girls, a reduction of inattention symptoms was associated with a decline in parent-rated depression symptoms. A reduction in hyperactivity/impulsivity was associated with a reduction in self-rated depression symptoms in boys, and an increase in girls. A reduction in inattention symptoms was associated with a modest increase in self-rated depression symptoms in both boys and girls.
  
  
  
  Gathering information from both the parents and the child with ADHD is important in determining how gender may be influencing symptom profiles.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway.|2 Innlandet Hospital Trust, Research Department, Lillehammer, Norway.
authors.forename: Merete
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Øie
authors.affiliation: 3 Innlandet Hospital Trust, Division Mental Health Care, Lillehammer, Norway.
authors.forename: Kjell Tore
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Hovik
authors.affiliation: 4 Lillehammer University College, Norway.
authors.forename: Per Normann
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Nikolai Olavi
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Czajkowski
authors.affiliation: 5 Innlandet Hospital Trust, Division of Habilitation and Rehabilitation, Lillehammer, Norway.
authors.forename: Erik Winther
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Skogli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D057566:Self Report; D012727:Sex Characteristics
keywords: ADD/ADHD; executive function; gender; internalizing comorbidity; longitudinal study