title: The effect of 4-hexylresorcinol on xenograft degradation in a rat calvarial defect model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to evaluate xenograft degradation velocity when treated with 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR).
  
  
  METHODS
  The scapula of a cow was purchased from a local grocery, and discs (diameter 8 mm, thickness 1 mm) were prepared by trephine bur. Discs treated with 4HR were used as the experimental group. Untreated discs were used as the control. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), antibacterial test, endotoxin test, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed on the discs. In vivo degradation was evaluated by the rat calvarial defect model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The XRD and FT-IR results demonstrated successful incorporation of 4HR into the bovine bone. The experimental disc showed antibacterial properties. The endotoxin test yielded results below the level of endotoxin contamination. In the SEM exam, the surface of the experimental group showed needle-shaped crystal and spreading of RAW264.7 cells. In the animal experiments, the amount of residual graft was significantly smaller in the experimental group compared to the control group (P= 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, 4HR was successfully incorporated into bovine bone, and 4HR-incorporated bovine bone had antibacterial properties. In vivo experiments demonstrated that 4HR-incorporated bovine bone showed more rapid degradation than untreated bovine bone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukhyun-gil, Gangneung, 25457 Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yei-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukhyun-gil, Gangneung, 25457 Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.affiliation: Gangneung Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gangneung, 25457 Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Myung-Jin
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Analysis Research Division, Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Weon-Sik
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukhyun-gil, Gangneung, 25457 Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Si Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukhyun-gil, Gangneung, 25457 Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Gon
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5088-2732
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: 4-Hexylresorcinol; Bone graft; Bovine; Degradation