title: Recent Application of Solid Phase Based Techniques for Extraction and Preconcentration of Cyanotoxins in Environmental Matrices.
abstract: Cyanotoxins are toxic and are found in eutrophic, municipal, and residential water supplies. For this reason, their occurrence in drinking water systems has become a global concern. Therefore, monitoring, control, risk assessment, and prevention of these contaminants in the environmental bodies are important subjects associated with public health. Thus, rapid, sensitive, selective, simple, and accurate analytical methods for the identification and determination of cyanotoxins are required. In this paper, the sampling methodologies and applications of solid phase-based sample preparation methods for the determination of cyanotoxins in environmental matrices are reviewed. The sample preparation techniques mainly include solid phase micro-extraction (SPME), solid phase extraction (SPE), and solid phase adsorption toxin tracking technology (SPATT). In addition, advantages and disadvantages and future prospects of these methods have been discussed.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Johannesburg , Doornfontein , South Africa.
authors.forename: Geaneth Pertunia
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Mashile
authors.affiliation: a Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Johannesburg , Doornfontein , South Africa.
authors.forename: Philiswa N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Nomngongo
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Adsorbents; cyanotoxins; solid phase adsorption toxin tracking technology; solid phase extraction; solid phase micro-extraction