title: A Lead User Approach to Universal Design - Involving Older Adults in the Design Process.
abstract: The concept of Universal Design has received increasing appreciation over the past two decades. Yet, there are very few existing designs that cater to the needs of extraordinary users who experience some form of physical challenge. Previous work has shown promising results on involving users with physical challenges as lead users - users who have the potential to identify needs that could be latent among the general population. It has also been shown that older adults can act as such lead users. They can help design universal product ideas that satisfy both older adults and the general population. In this paper we build on this and examine if involving older adults in the design phase can result in universal products, products preferred by both older adults and the general population over a current option. Eighty-nine older adult participants and thirty-four general population participants took part in the study. Products were redesigned and prototyped based on the needs of older adults and tested among both populations. Results show that, although older adults and the general population did share certain needs and demands, the majority of older adults had needs and demands that were different from those of the general population. However, even though the needs differed between the populations, on average 89% of the general population participants preferred products designed based on design needs expressed by older adults over the current option. This provides further evidence supporting the use of older adults in designing products for all.
authors.affiliation: Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design.
authors.forename: Sujithra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raviselvam
authors.affiliation: Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design.
authors.forename: Kristin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University.
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hölttä-Otto
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.affiliation: National University of Singapore.
authors.forename: Kamya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagarajan
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D004867:Equipment Design / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult