title: Physiological and behavioral risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The dynamics of physiological and behavioral risk factors of diabetes in rural India is poorly understood. Using data from a health and demographic surveillance site of Birbhum district in West Bengal, India, this study aims to assess the risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 7674 individuals aged ≥18 years participated in a cross-sectional study. Venous plasma glucose method was used for measuring and reporting glucose concentrations in blood, categorized as individuals with diabetes, pre-diabetes or impaired, and normoglycemic. Aside from a set of physiological and behavioral risk factors, a range of socioeconomic confounders of diabetes was computed. Bivariate analysis with χ(2) test, and multivariate ordered logit regression methods were deployed to attain the study's objective.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall 2.95% and 3.34% of study participants were diagnosed as individuals with diabetes and pre-diabetes or impaired, respectively. Compared to the poorest, the richest have higher probability (β: 0.730; 95% CI 0.378 to 1.083) of being diagnosed with diabetes. As compared to people with normal body mass index, overweight/obese people are more prone to being diagnosed with diabetes (β: 0.388; 95% CI 0.147 to 0.628). With a decreasing level of physical activity, people are more likely to be diagnosed with diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To curb the level of diabetes, this study recommends a culturally sensitive, focused intervention for the adoption of physical activity with more traditional dietary practices, to control the level of overweight/obesity. Attention should be paid to relatively older patients with diabetes or adults with pre-diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Suri, West Bengal, India; Niramay TB Sanatorium and Chest Clinic, District Hospital, Suri, Birbhum, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Anamitra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barik
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health Kalyani, Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Netaji Subhas Sanatorium (T.B. Hospital) , Kalyani, West Bengal , India.
authors.forename: Sumit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mazumdar
authors.affiliation: Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Suri, West Bengal, India; Department of Hepatology, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IPGMER), Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Abhijit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.affiliation: Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance , Suri, West Bengal , India.
authors.forename: Rajesh Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Rai
keywords: Body Mass Index; Diet; Physical Activity; Type 2 Diabetes