title: Histomorphological and Histomorphometric Analyses of Grade IV Commercially Pure Titanium and Grade V Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy Implant Substrates: An In Vivo Study in Dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the bone response to grade IV commercially pure titanium (G4) relative to Ti-6Al-4V (G5).
  
  
  METHODS
  Implant surface topography was characterized by optical interferometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thirty-six implants (Signo Vinces, n = 18 per group) were installed in the radius of 18 dogs. The animals were killed at 1, 3, and 6 weeks, resulting in 6 implants per group and time in vivo for bone morphology, bone-to-implant contact (BIC), and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO) evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SEM depicted a more uniform topography of G4 than G5. Surfaces were statistically homogeneous for Sa, Sq, and Sdr. At 1 week, new bone formation was observed within the healing connective tissue in contact with the implant surface. At 3 weeks, new bone in direct contact with the implant surface was observed at all bone regions. At 6 weeks, the healing chambers filled with woven bone depicted an onset of replacement by lamellar bone. No significant effect of substrate was detected. Time presented an effect on BIC and BAFO (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both titanium substrates were biocompatible and osseoconductive at the bone tissue level.
authors.affiliation: *Private Practice, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. †PhD Candidate, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University, New York, NY. ‡PhD Candidate, Department of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil. §Assistant Professor, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Unigranrio University, Duque de Caxias, Brazil. ¶Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. ‖Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University, New York, NY. #Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY. **Associate Professor, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University, New York.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ribeiro da Silva
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castellano
authors.forename: João Pedro
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Malta Barbosa
authors.forename: Luiz F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Granato
authors.forename: Estevam A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Bonfante
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tovar
authors.forename: Malvin N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Janal
authors.forename: Paulo G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Coelho
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D000818:Animals; D000069343:Bone-Implant Interface / Q000473:pathology*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000009:adverse effects; D004285:Dogs; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D015921:Dental Implants; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); D014025:Titanium