title: Cell-to-cell communication in guided bone regeneration: molecular and cellular mechanisms.
abstract: This overview provides insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in guided bone regeneration, in particular focusing on aspects presented in the 3D movie, Cell-To-Cell Communication in Guided Bone Regeneration. The information presented here is based almost exclusively on genetic mouse models in which single genes can be deleted or overexpressed, even in a specific cell type. This information needs to be extrapolated to humans and related to aspects relevant to graft consolidation under the clinical parameters of guided bone regeneration. The overview follows the ground tenor of the Cell-To-Cell Communication series and focuses on aspects of cell-to-cell communication in bone regeneration and guided bone regeneration. Here, we discuss (1) the role of inflammation during bone regeneration, including (2) the importance of the fibrin matrix, and (3) the pleiotropic functions of macrophages. We highlight (4) the origin of bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts as well as (5) what causes a progenitor cell to mature into an effector cell. (6) We touch on the complex bone adaptation and maintenance after graft consolidation and (7) how osteocytes control this process. Finally, we speculate on (8) how barrier membranes and the augmentation material can modulate graft consolidation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.|Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gruber
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stadlinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Red Cross Hospital, Kassel, Germany.
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Terheyden
mesh_terms: D002450:Cell Communication; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans
keywords: bone regeneration; guided tissue regeneration; structural biology; tissue physiology; wound healing