title: Protective Effect of Silybum marianum and Silibinin on Endothelial Cells Submitted to High Glucose Concentration.
abstract: Silybum marianumGaertn. (Milk thistle) has been used since ancient times for the relief of liver diseases characterized by intense oxidative stress such as inflammatory liver disease and cirrhosis. As oxidative stress by hyperglycemia is involved in micro- and macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes, our aim was to assess the protective effect of milk thistle seed extract against oxidative stress induced by a high glucose concentration on endothelial cells (EA.hy926 cells). High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis shows flavonolignans silychristin and silibinin A and B as major components. No cell toxicity was observed for concentrations up to 100 µg/mL of milk thistle extract for 24 h. Concentrations of 5-25 µg/mL of the extract were used to assess the protective effect on EA.hy926 cells treated with 30 mM glucose for 24 h. Oxidative damage by 30 mM glucose was shown as a significant decrease in reduced glutathione and a significant increase in protein carbonyls and antioxidant enzyme activities.S. marianumextract recovered reduced glutathione and balanced the elevated carbonyls and enzyme activity. Silibinin alone also recovered reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzymes.S. marianumprotects endothelial cell against oxidative damage by modulating antioxidant enzyme activity, reduced glutathione, and protein carbonyl levels.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Olga M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Palomino
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Neire M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Gouveia
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Science and Food Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN - CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Science and Food Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN - CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M Angeles
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martín
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Science and Food Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN - CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goya
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000009:adverse effects; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020944:Silybum marianum / Q000737:chemistry*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077385:Silybin; D012838:Silymarin / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D020011:Protective Agents; D012838:Silymarin; D000077385:Silybin; D005978:Glutathione; D005947:Glucose; C015504:silychristin