title: Variations in Essential Oil Yield, Composition, and Antioxidant Activity of Different Plant Organs from Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. at Different Growth Times.
abstract: Blumea balsamifera, also named Ainaxiang, is widely used as an ancient medicinal herb in tropical and subtropical Asia. It is rich in essential oils. In this work the essential oils of B. balsamifera from different plant organs and in different months were extracted, and then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that essential oil yield of young leaves was the highest (0.65 mL/100 g), followed by mature leaves (0.57 mL/100 g), and the oil yield was higher in October (0.47 mL/100 g) than other months. A total of 44 compounds were identified, representing 92.64%-96.71% of the oil. Eighteen common chemical components were found among the six plant organs, representing >80% of the oil constituents. l-borneol was the main ingredient in leaves, and its content was the highest in senescent leaves and in December. In the essential oils of young shoots and young stems, the main component was dimethoxydurene. Antioxidant activity was also determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and β-carotene bleaching (BCB) assays. The results indicated that the β-carotene bleaching activity was far stronger than the DPPH radical-scavenging capacity, and the young leaves and young shoots showed stronger antioxidant activity. Dimethoxydurene, β-caryophyllene, and α-caryophyllene play a positive role in good antioxidant activity, while β-eudesmol, phytol, and tetradecanal play a negative role. The antioxidant activity revealed in this study might help in developing this promising bioresource for use in the medicinal and cosmetic industries.
authors.affiliation: Environment and Plant Protection College, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, Hainan, China. yuanyuanhaida@126.com.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China. huangmei122@126.com.|Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Blumea balsamifera, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China. huangmei122@126.com.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China. blumeachina@126.com.|Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Blumea balsamifera, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China. blumeachina@126.com.
authors.forename: Yu-Xin
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China. fulai.yu@163.com.|Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Blumea balsamifera, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China. fulai.yu@163.com.
authors.forename: Fu-Lai
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China. gyzyxzs13@126.com.
authors.forename: Ce
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China. liuliwei_2013@126.com.
authors.forename: Li-Wei
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China. 18889584013@126.com.|Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Blumea balsamifera, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China. 18889584013@126.com.
authors.forename: Zhen-Xia
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China. zhangyingbo1984@163.com.|Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Blumea balsamifera, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China. zhangyingbo1984@163.com.
authors.forename: Ying-Bo
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China. hillowchan@hotmail.com.|Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Blumea balsamifera, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China. hillowchan@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Lu
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China. mchuxuan@163.com.|Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Blumea balsamifera, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China. mchuxuan@163.com.
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils
keywords: Blumea balsamifera; antioxidant activity; chemical composition; essential oil yield