title: Biomedical applications of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins.
abstract: Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) use a unique posttranslational modification to link proteins to lipid bilayer membranes. The anchoring structure consists of both a lipid and carbohydrate portion and is highly conserved in eukaryotic organisms regarding its basic characteristics, yet highly variable in its molecular details. The strong membrane targeting property has made the anchors an interesting tool for biotechnological modification of lipid membrane-covered entities from cells through extracellular vesicles to enveloped virus particles. In this review, we will take a closer look at the mechanisms and fields of application for GPI-APs in lipid bilayer membrane engineering and discuss their advantages and disadvantages for biomedicine.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heider
authors.affiliation: Anovasia Pte. Ltd., Singapore 138623.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dangerfield
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: christoph.metzner@vetmeduni.ac.at.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Metzner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D014771:Virion / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C559297:(6-O-aminoethylphosphonato-mannopyranosyl)-(1-2)-mannopyranosyl-(1-6)-mannopyranosyl-(1-4)-(2-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranosyl)-(1-6)-1-O-(1,2-di-O-octadecanoyl-sn-glyceryl-phosphonato)-myo-inositol; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D009844:Oligosaccharides
keywords: cancer; gene therapy; human immunodeficiency virus; immunology; lipid rafts; membranes; molecular painting; tumor therapy; viral envelope