title: Nonlinear diffusion model for annealed proton-exchanged waveguides in zirconium-doped lithium niobate.
abstract: Photorefractive-damage- (PRD) resistant zirconium-oxide-doped lithium niobate is investigated as a substrate for the realization of annealed proton-exchanged (APE) waveguides. Its advantages are a favorable distribution coefficient, PRD resistance comparable to magnesium-oxide-doped lithium niobate, and a proton-diffusion behavior resembling congruent lithium niobate. A 1D model for APE waveguides was developed based on a previous model for congruently melting lithium niobate. Evidence for a nonlinear index dependence on concentration was found.
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Langrock
authors.forename: Rostislav V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Roussev
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nava
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Minzioni
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Argiolas
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sada
authors.forename: Martin M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Fejer