title: Semaphorins 4A and 4D in chronic inflammatory diseases.
abstract: Long-term inflammatory processes directed at a particular endogenous or exogenous antigen, or sometimes of unknown etiology, form the pathogenetic basis for many debilitating conditions, such as cardiovascular, pulmonary, autoimmune, neurologic diseases, and cancer. Recent discoveries of neuroimmune semaphorins 4A and 4D (Sema4A and Sema4D, respectively) expression and function in the immune system and their key regulatory roles in fine tuning of inflammatory processes made them the molecules of interest for a potential immunotherapy. In this short review, we discuss the current knowledge in the Sema4A and Sema4D actions in chronic inflammation underlying the outlined above diseases.
authors.affiliation: SemaPlex LLC, 3435 Plumtree Drive, Ellicott City, MD, 21042, USA. schapoval@som.umaryland.edu.|Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Program in Oncology at the Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. schapoval@som.umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: Svetlana P
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7590-4421
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Chapoval
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Technion Faculty of Medicine, 4940, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Zahava
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Vadasz
authors.affiliation: The Russian-American Anti-Cancer Center, Altai State University, Barnaul, 656049, Russia.|The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
authors.forename: Andrei I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Chapoval
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Technion Faculty of Medicine, 4940, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toubi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000276:immunology; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000276:immunology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000276:immunology; D039961:Semaphorins / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C093224:CD100 antigen; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C492119:PLXNB1 protein, human; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C574096:SEMA4A protein, human; D039961:Semaphorins
keywords: Asthma; Autoimmune diseases; Cancer; Chronic inflammation; Semaphorins