title: Massive parallel sequencing of solid tumours - challenges and opportunities for pathologists.
abstract: The role of pathologists is to provide diagnostic, prognostic and predictive data to enable clinical colleagues to manage patients optimally. Current histo/anatomical pathology is predominantly morphology-based, with the addition of biomarkers, applied largely through immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) and a limited range of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular tests. The desire to apply genomics to the clinical care of patients has been facilitated by the human genome project and subsequently by high-throughput technologies known collectively as massive parallel sequencing (MPS, also referred to as next-generation sequencing, NGS). The use of MPS to identify mutations/variants and tissue RNA expression profiles for diagnosis, prognostication and targeted therapy stratification is now a reality in many clinical specialities. If histopathologists are considered experts in solid tumour pathology, MPS potentially falls within their scope; however, it challenges our predominant morphology-based paradigm. This review summarizes and comments on the current and future state of play of MPS for the practising histopathologist. It will focus on somatic mutations in solid tumours and will challenge histopathologists to take further leadership roles in this area.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology and Bioinformatics Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.|Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Gavin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.|Sydney Medical School, Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.|The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Toole
authors.affiliation: Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: George
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology and Bioinformatics Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Browett
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology and Bioinformatics Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.|Maurice Wilkins Centre, c/o University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Cristin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Print
mesh_terms: D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D000072142:Pathologists; D010336:Pathology / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends
keywords: bioinformatics; genomics; histopathology; massive parallel sequencing; next-generation sequencing