title: Morin inhibits biofilm production and reduces the virulence of Listeria monocytogenes - An in vitro and in vivo approach.
abstract: The current study explores the in vitro and in vivo antibiofilm efficacy of morin against a leading foodborne pathogen-Listeria monocytogenes (LM). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of morin against LM strains was found to be 100μg/ml. The non-antibacterial effect of morin at its sub-MICs (6.25, 12.5 and 25μg/ml) was determined through growth curve and XTT assay. Morin at its sub-MICs demonstrated a significant dose dependent inhibitory efficacy against LM biofilm formation which was also evidenced through light, confocal and scanning electron microscopic analyses. However, morin failed to disperse the mature biofilm of LM even at its MIC. Our data also revealed the anti-virulence efficacy of morin, as it significantly inhibited the production of hemolysin and motility of LM. Concentration-dependent susceptibility of morin treated LM cells to normal human serum was observed. In vivo studies revealed that morin extended the lifespan of LM infected Caenorhabditis elegans by about 85%. Furthermore, the non-toxic nature and in vivo anti-adherence efficacy of morin were also ascertained through C. elegans-LM infection model. Overall, the data of the current study identifies morin as a promising antibiofilm agent and its suitability to formulate protective strategies against biofilm associated infections caused by LM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Murugesan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sivaranjani
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Shanmugaraj
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gowrishankar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Arumugam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamaladevi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Shunmugiah Karutha
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Pandian
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Kirshnaswamy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Balamurugan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: aveeraravi@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Arumugam Veera
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Ravi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D008088:Listeriosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D014774:Virulence / Q000187:drug effects; D047309:Flavones
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D005419:Flavonoids; C008548:morin; D047309:Flavones
keywords: Biofilm; Caenorhabditis elegans; Hemolysin; Listeria monocytogenes; Morin; Motility