title: Effect of High Fat Dietary Intake during Maternal Gestation on Offspring Ovarian Health in a Pig Model.
abstract: Excessive fat intake is a global health concern as women of childbearing age increasingly ingest a high fat diet. We therefore determined the association of a maternal high fat diet in pregnancy with offspring ovarian health during the gestation and postnatal female offspring in pig a model. Thirty-two Yorkshire gilts with similar bodyweights mated at the third estrus were randomly assigned to two nutrition levels of either a control (CON, crude fat: 7.27%) or a high fat diet (HFD, crude fat: 11.78%). Ovary samples were collected during the fetal (Day 55 (g55) and Day 90 of gestation (g90)) and offspring (prepuberty Day 160 (d160) and age at puberty) period to detect ovary development, antioxidant status and apoptosis cells. Maternal HFD did not influence notch signaling gene expression, which regulates primordial follicle formation and transformation, and ovarian histological effect at g55 and g90. However, maternal HFD reduced the numbers of large follicles at d160 and small follicle numbers upon puberty compared to CON in offspring. The results also revealed that the antioxidant index of total antioxidative capability (T-AOC), cytoplasmic copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and mRNA expression were higher in the CON than the HFD at g90 and d160, whereas, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was decreased in the CON. Maternal HFD increased the inhibitor of the apoptosis-related gene of B-cell lymphoma-2 (bcl2) mRNA expression at g90 and d160, whereas, pro-apoptotic-related gene bcl-2 assaciated X protein (bax) was reduced. These data show that the maternal high fat diet does not delay fetal ovarian development, but it changes ovarian health by the induction of oxidative stress and accelerating cell apoptosis in offspring.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. xumengmeng2013@126.com.|Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. xumengmeng2013@126.com.
authors.forename: Mengmeng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. chelong1989@126.com.|Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. chelong1989@126.com.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Che
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. guoguo00002@163.com.|Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. guoguo00002@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhenguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. zhangpan5335@sina.cn.|Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. zhangpan5335@sina.cn.
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. shijiankai0227@sina.com.|Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. shijiankai0227@sina.com.
authors.forename: Jiankai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. lijian522@hotmail.com.|Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. lijian522@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. able588@163.com.|Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. able588@163.com.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. fangzhenfeng@hotmail.com.|Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. fangzhenfeng@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Zhengfeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. clianqiang@hotmail.com.|Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. clianqiang@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Lianqiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Che
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. fengb123d@163.com.|Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. fengb123d@163.com.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. pig2pig@sina.com.|Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. pig2pig@sina.com.
authors.forename: De
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. shengyu_x@hotmail.com.|Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. shengyu_x@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Shengyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017849:Animals, Inbred Strains; D017209:Apoptosis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002681:China; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D007774:Lactation; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D009866:Oogenesis; D010049:Ovarian Diseases / Q000196:embryology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010053:Ovary / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011247:Pregnancy; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D034421:Sus scrofa; D015430:Weight Gain; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
keywords: apoptosis; fat level; gestation; offspring; ovary; oxidative stress