title: Rubus imperialis (Rosaceae) extract and pure compound niga-ichigoside F1: wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects.
abstract: Here, we evaluate the anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects of methanolic crude extract obtained from aerial parts (leaves and branches) of Rubus imperialis Chum. Schl. (Rosaceae) and the pure compound niga-ichigoside F1. Anti-inflammatory activity was determined in vivo and in vitro, and the healing effect was evaluated in surgical lesions in mice skin. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assay and H2O2-induced oxidative stress were used to determine antioxidant activity. The efferocytosis activity was also determined. The data obtained show that the extract of R. imperialis promote reduction in the inflammatory process induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or carrageenan in the air pouch model; the effects could be reinforced by nitric oxide reduction in LPS-stimulated neutrophils, and an increase in the efferocytosis. The extract showed wound healing property in vitro and in vivo, scavenging activity for DPPH, and cytoprotection in the H2O2-induced oxidative stress in L929 cells. In addition, the compound niga-ichigoside F1 was able to reduce the NO secretion; however, it did not present wound-healing activity in vitro. Together, the data obtained point out the modulatory actions of R. imperialis extract on leukocyte migration to the inflamed tissue, the antioxidant, and the pro-resolutive activity. However, the R. imperialis anti-inflammatory activity may be mediated in parts by niga-ichigoside F1, and on wound healing do not correlated with niga-ichigoside F1.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas and Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas-NIQFAR, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, SC, 88302-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Talita Dacroce
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Tonin
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas and Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas-NIQFAR, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, SC, 88302-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Liliani Carolini
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Thiesen
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas and Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas-NIQFAR, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, SC, 88302-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: de Oliveira Nunes
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas and Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas-NIQFAR, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, SC, 88302-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Milena Fronza
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Broering
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas and Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas-NIQFAR, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, SC, 88302-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos Paulo
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Donato
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas and Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas-NIQFAR, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, SC, 88302-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marina Jagielski
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Goss
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas and Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas-NIQFAR, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, SC, 88302-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petreanu
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas and Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas-NIQFAR, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, SC, 88302-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rivaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Niero
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas and Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas-NIQFAR, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, SC, 88302-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Isabel Daufenback
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas and Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas-NIQFAR, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, SC, 88302-901, Brazil. jrs.santin@univali.br.
authors.forename: José Roberto
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Santin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002351:Carrageenan; D002460:Cell Line; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000187:drug effects; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D065856:Rubus / Q000737:chemistry; D012503:Saponins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012503:Saponins; D012997:Solvents; D002351:Carrageenan; C090725:niga-ichigoside F1; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D000432:Methanol
keywords: Fibroblast; Inflammation; Macrophage; Wound healing