title: Simultaneous determination of anabolic steroids and β-agonists in milk by QuEChERS and ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: A simple, accurate and highly sensitive multiresidues method was developed for the determination of 9 anabolic steroids and 16 β-agonists in milk. Target compounds were extracted and separated by a modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe) method with Primary secondary amine (PSA) and Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles as adsorbents. The analytes were determined by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to an electro-spray ionization tandem mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS/MS) operating in negative/positive multiple reaction monitoring mode. The effect of QuEChERS including organic solvent, amount of ZnO nanoparticle was evaluated. Good linearity was obtained for the analytes in the concentration range of 0.1-200μg/L with a correlation coefficients higher than 0.994. Decision limits (CCα) was from 0.007μg/kg-0.1μg/kg, and detection capabilities (CCβ) was in the range of 0.02-0.4μg/kg. The recoveries of these compounds were between 63% and 126% at three fortified levels. Reproducibility represented by RSD was with 10% or less. The method was successfully applied to screening of real milk samples obtained from local markets and confirmation of the suspected target analytes.
authors.affiliation: Supervision & Testing Center for Farm Product Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Product, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, PR China; Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Science, 650223, Kunming, PR China.
authors.forename: Hongcheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Supervision & Testing Center for Farm Product Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Product, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, PR China; Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Science, 650223, Kunming, PR China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, PR China.
authors.forename: Xianglei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Supervision & Testing Center for Farm Product Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Product, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, PR China; Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Science, 650223, Kunming, PR China; Kunming Medical University, 650091, Kunming, PR China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Supervision & Testing Center for Farm Product Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Product, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, PR China; Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Science, 650223, Kunming, PR China.
authors.forename: Luxiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Supervision & Testing Center for Farm Product Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Product, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, PR China; Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Science, 650223, Kunming, PR China. Electronic address: cmliu_0@sina.com.
authors.forename: Qiwan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D016014:Linear Models; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D045165:Testosterone Congeners / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D045165:Testosterone Congeners
keywords: Anabolic steroids; QuEChERS; UHPLC–MS–MS; ZnO nanoparticles; β-Agonists