title: Response of sediment calcium and magnesium species to the regional acid deposition in eutrophic Taihu Lake, China.
abstract: Acid deposition causes carbonate dissolution in watersheds and leads to profound impacts on water chemistry of lakes. Here, we presented a detailed study on the seasonal, spatial, and vertical variations of calcium and magnesium species in the overlying water, interstitial water, and sediment profiles in eutrophic Taihu Lake under the circumstance of regional acid deposition. The result showed that both the acid deposition and biomineralization in Taihu Lake had effects on Ca and Mg species. In the lake water, calcium carbonate was saturated or over-saturated based on long-term statistical calculation of the saturation index (SI). On the sediment profiles, significant difference in Ca and Mg species existed between the surface sediment (0-10 cm) and deeper sediments (>10 cm). The interstitial water Ca2+and Mg2+, ion-exchangeable Ca and Mg in the surface sediment were higher than those in the deeper sediment. In the spring, when the acid deposition is more intensive, the acid-extracted Ca and Mg in the surface sediment were lower than that in the deeper sediment in the northwest lake, due to carbonate dissolution caused by the regional acid deposition. Spatially, the higher concentration of acid-extracted Ca and Mg in the northwest surface sediment than that in the east lake was observed, indicating the pronounced carbonate biomineralization by algae bloom in the northwest lake. Statistical analysis showed that acid deposition exerted a stronger impact on the variation of acid-extracted Ca and Mg in the surface sediment than the biomineralization in Taihu Lake. For the total Ca and Mg concentration in the spring, however, no significant change between the surface and deeper sediment in the northwest lake was observed, indicating that the carbonate precipitation via biomineralization and the carbonate dissolution due to acidic deposition were in a dynamic balance. These features are of major importance for the understanding of combined effects of acid deposition and eutrophication on freshwater lakes.
authors.affiliation: College of Environment Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225217, China.|State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
authors.forename: Dai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dan
authors.affiliation: College of Environment Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225217, China.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chengda
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China. xuqj@craes.org.cn.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qiujin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
authors.forename: Wu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fengchang
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry*; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005068:Eutrophication; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D060106:Lakes / Q000737:chemistry*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000737:chemistry*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D012621:Seasons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010758:Phosphorus; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Acid deposition; Calcium; Magnesium; Sediment; Taihu Lake