title: A local innate immune response against Trypanosoma cruzi in the human placenta: The epithelial turnover of the trophoblast.
abstract: Congenital Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is partially responsible for the progressive globalization of Chagas disease despite of its low transmission rate. The probability of congenital transmission depends on complex interactions between the parasite, the maternal and fetus/newborn immune responses and placental factors, being the latter the least studied one. During transplacental transmission, the parasite must cross the placental barrier where the trophoblast, a continuous renewing epithelium, is the first tissue to have contact with the parasite. Importantly, the epithelial turnover is considered part of the innate immune system since pathogens, prior to cell invasion, must attach to the surface of cells. The trophoblast turnover involves cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptotic cell death, all of them are induced by the parasite. In the present review, we analyze the current evidence about the trophoblast epithelial turnover as a local placental innate immune response.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liempi
authors.affiliation: Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.affiliation: Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: Ileana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Carrillo
authors.affiliation: Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.affiliation: Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile; Departamento de Estomatología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Chile.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Droguett
authors.affiliation: Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: Norbel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Galanti
authors.affiliation: Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: Juan Diego
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Maya
authors.affiliation: Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile. Electronic address: ukemmerling@med.uchile.cl.
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kemmerling
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D014355:Chagas Disease / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D010920:Placenta / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000502:physiology; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000276:immunology*