title: Spider Silk: Mother Nature's Bio-Superlens.
abstract: It was recently discovered that transparent microspheres and cylinders can function as a super-resolution lens (i.e., superlens) to focus light beyond the diffraction limit. A number of high-resolution applications based on these lenses have been successfully demonstrated and span nanoscopy, imaging, and spectroscopy. Fabrication of these superlenses, however, is often complex and requires sophisticated engineering processes. Clearly an easier model candidate, such as a naturally occurring superlens, is highly desirable. Here, we report for the first time a biological superlens provided by nature: the minor ampullate spider silk spun from the Nephila spider. This natural biosuperlens can distinctly resolve 100 nm features under a conventional white-light microscope with peak wavelength at 600 nm, attaining a resolution of λ/6 that is well beyond the classical limit. Thus, our work opens a new door to develop biology-based optical systems that may provide a new solution to integrating optics in biological systems.
authors.affiliation: School of Electronic Engineering, Bangor University , LL57 1UT, Bangor, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: James N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Monks
authors.affiliation: School of Electronic Engineering, Bangor University , LL57 1UT, Bangor, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Oxford , OX1 3PS, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Oxford , OX1 3PS, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Fritz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vollrath
authors.affiliation: School of Electronic Engineering, Bangor University , LL57 1UT, Bangor, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Zengbo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: Biological superlens; nanoscopy; photonic nanojet; spider silk; super-resolution