title: Protective Effect of Perindopril on Tumor Progression and Angiogenesis in Animal Model of Breast Cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies have shown that the renin angiotensin system via angiogenesis is involved in tumor development.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Therefore, objective of the present study was to examine the effect of perindopril on tumor growth and angiogenesis in animal models of breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, the effect of perindopril on tumor development of mammary gland cancer induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, mouse tumor xenograft and corneal micropocket model has been investigated. Anti-angiogenic effect by chick yolk sac membrane assay has also been studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the present study, it has been found that perindopril produced a significant inhibition of tumor growth, in DMBA induced breast cancer. Treatment also produced significant suppression of cancer biomarkers such as lactate dehydrogenase, gamma glutamyl transferase and inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Histopathological analysis also showed that perindopril was able to inhibit tumor development by the inhibition of hyperplastic lesions. Perindopril produced significant inhibition of tumor growth, in a mouse xenograft model and caused inhibition of neovascularization in the corneal micropocket model. In chick yolk sac membrane assay, perindopril showed inhibition of vascular growth and reduced blood vessel formation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therefore, perindopril is widely used in clinical practice, may represent a neo-adjuvant therapy for treatment of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382 481. India.
authors.forename: Snehal S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Vikas College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, Telangana 508 376. India.
authors.forename: Surender
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakka
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D001940:Breast / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens; D003315:Cornea / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020913:Perindopril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D020913:Perindopril
keywords: Angiogenesis; angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; breast cancer; perindopril; tumor progression