title: Determination of reference intervals and comparison of venous blood gas parameters using standard and non-standard collection methods in 24 cats.
abstract: Objectives The aim of this study was to determine in-house reference intervals (RIs) for venous blood analysis with the RAPIDPoint 500 blood gas analyser using blood gas syringes (BGSs) and to determine whether immediate analysis of venous blood collected into lithium heparin (LH) tubes can replace anaerobic blood sampling into BGSs. Methods Venous blood was collected from 24 healthy cats and directly transferred into a BGS and an LH tube. The BGS was immediately analysed on the RAPIDPoint 500 followed by the LH tube. The BGSs and LH tubes were compared using paired t-test or Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test, Bland-Altman and Passing-Bablok analysis. To assess clinical relevance, bias or percentage bias between BGSs and LH tubes was compared with the allowable total error (TEa) recommended for the respective parameter. Results Based on the values obtained from the BGSs, RIs were calculated for the evaluated parameters, including blood gases, electrolytes, glucose and lactate. Values derived from LH tubes showed no significant difference for standard bicarbonate, whole blood base excess, haematocrit, total haemoglobin, sodium, potassium, chloride, glucose and lactate, while pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide and oxygen, actual bicarbonate, extracellular base excess, ionised calcium and anion gap were significantly different to the samples collected in BGSs ( P <0.05). Furthermore, pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide and oxygen, extracellular base excess, ionised calcium and anion gap exceeded the recommended TEa. Conclusions and relevance Assessment of actual and standard bicarbonate, whole blood base excess, haematocrit, total haemoglobin, sodium, potassium, chloride, glucose and lactate can be made based on blood collected in LH tubes and analysed within 5 mins. For pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide and oxygen, extracellular base excess, anion gap and ionised calcium the clinically relevant alterations have to be considered if analysed in LH tubes.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department for Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bachmann
authors.affiliation: 2 Section of Anaesthesiology, Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Annette Pn
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kutter
authors.affiliation: 1 Department for Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Rahel Jud
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Schefer
authors.affiliation: 2 Section of Anaesthesiology, Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marly-Voquer
authors.affiliation: 1 Department for Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Nadja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sigrist
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000662:veterinary*; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000662:veterinary*; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D002415:Cats / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D019344:Lactic Acid; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium