title: Mitochondria-targeted dodecyltriphenylphosphonium (C12TPP) combats high-fat-diet-induced obesity in mice.
abstract: A membrane-penetrating cation, dodecyltriphenylphosphonium (C12TPP), facilitates the recycling of fatty acids in the artificial lipid membrane and mitochondria. C12TPP can dissipate mitochondrial membrane potential and may affect total energy expenditure and body weight in animals and humans.
  
  
  
  We investigated the metabolic effects of C12TPP in isolated brown-fat mitochondria, brown adipocyte cultures and mice in vivo. Experimental approaches included the measurement of oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, western blotting, magnetic resonance imaging and bomb calorimetry.
  
  
  
  In mice, C12TPP (50 μmol per (day•kg body weight)) in the drinking water significantly reduced body weight (12%, P<0.001) and body fat mass (24%, P<0.001) during the first 7 days of treatment. C12TPP did not affect water palatability and intake or the energy and lipid content in feces. The addition of C12TPP to isolated brown-fat mitochondria resulted in increased oxygen consumption. Three hours of pretreatment with C12TPP also increased oligomycin-insensitive oxygen consumption in brown adipocyte cultures (P<0.01). The effects of C12TPP on mitochondria, cells and mice were independent of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). However, C12TPP treatment increased the mitochondrial protein levels in the brown adipose tissue of both wild-type and UCP1-knockout mice. Pair-feeding revealed that one-third of the body weight loss in C12TPP-treated mice was due to reduced food intake. C12TPP treatment elevated the resting metabolic rate (RMR) by up to 18% (P<0.05) compared with pair-fed animals. C12TPP reduced the respiratory exchange ratio, indicating enhanced fatty acid oxidation in mice.
  
  
  
  C12TPP combats diet-induced obesity by reducing food intake, increasing the RMR and enhancing fatty acid oxidation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.|The Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Kalinovich
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Mattsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Youssef
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Petrovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ost
authors.affiliation: The Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Skulachev
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.|The Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Shabalina
mesh_terms: D052437:Adipocytes, Brown / Q000378:metabolism; D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D022722:Thermogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; C000604372:Ucp1 protein, mouse; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1; C001115:dodecyltriphenylphosphonium