title: Occurrence of Fusarium langsethiae and T-2 and HT-2 Toxins in Italian Malting Barley.
abstract: T-2 and HT-2 toxins are two of the most toxic members of type-A trichothecenes, produced by a number of Fusarium species. The occurrence of these mycotoxins was studied in barley samples during a survey carried out in the 2011-2014 growing seasons in climatically different regions in Italy. The percentage of samples found positive ranges from 22% to 53%, with values included between 26 and 787 μg/kg. The percentage of samples with a T-2 and HT-2 content above the EU indicative levels for barley of 200 μg/kg ranges from 2% to 19.6% in the 2011-2014 period. The fungal species responsible for the production of these toxins in 100% of positive samples has been identified as Fusarium langsethiae, a well-known producer of T-2 and HT-2 toxins. A positive correlation between the amount of F. langsethiae DNA and of the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxins was found. This is the first report on the occurrence of F. langsethiae-and of its toxic metabolites T-2 and HT-2-in malting barley grown in Italy.
authors.affiliation: Genomics Research Centre (CREA-GPG), Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via San Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d'Arda (PC), Italy. caterina.morcia@crea.gov.it.
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morcia
authors.affiliation: Genomics Research Centre (CREA-GPG), Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via San Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d'Arda (PC), Italy. giorgiotumino@hotmail.it.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tumino
authors.affiliation: Genomics Research Centre (CREA-GPG), Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via San Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d'Arda (PC), Italy. roberta.ghizzoni@crea.gov.it.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghizzoni
authors.affiliation: Genomics Research Centre (CREA-GPG), Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via San Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d'Arda (PC), Italy. franz-werner.badeck@crea.gov.it.
authors.forename: Franz W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Badeck
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy. veronica.lattanzio@ispa.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Veronica M T
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Lattanzio
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy. michelangelo.pascale@ispa.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Michelangelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pascale
authors.affiliation: Genomics Research Centre (CREA-GPG), Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via San Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d'Arda (PC), Italy. valeria.terzi@crea.gov.it.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Terzi
mesh_terms: D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005670:Fusarium / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D001467:Hordeum / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012621:Seasons; D013605:T-2 Toxin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D013605:T-2 Toxin; C012351:HT-2 toxin
keywords: Fusarium Head Blight; Fusarium langsethiae; HT-2 toxin; T-2 toxin; barley; monitoring; toxigenic fungi