title: Prevalence of Low Cardiovascular Risk Profile Among Diverse Hispanic/Latino Adults in the United States by Age, Sex, and Level of Acculturation: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.
abstract: Favorable levels of all readily measurable major cardiovascular disease risk factors (ie, low risk [LR]) are associated with lower risks of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Data are not available on LR prevalence among Hispanic/Latino adults of diverse ethnic backgrounds. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of a low cardiovascular disease risk profile among Hispanic/Latino adults in the United States and to examine cross-sectional associations of LR with measures of acculturation.
  
  
  
  The multicenter, prospective, population-based Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos examined 16 415 men and women aged 18 to 74 years at baseline (2008-2011) with diverse Hispanic/Latino backgrounds. Analyses involved 14 757 adults (mean age 41.3 years; 60.6% women). LR was defined using national guidelines for favorable levels of serum cholesterol, blood pressure, and body mass index and by not having diabetes mellitus and not currently smoking. Age-adjusted LR prevalence was low (8.4% overall; 5.1% for men, 11.2% for women) and varied by background (4.2% in men of Mexican heritage versus 15.0% in women of Cuban heritage). Lower acculturation (assessed using proxy measures) was significantly associated with higher odds of a LR profile among women only: Age-adjusted odds ratios of having LR were 1.64 (95% CI 1.24-2.17) for foreign-born versus US-born women and 1.96 (95% CI 1.49-2.58) for women residing in the United States <10 versus ≥10 years.
  
  
  
  Among diverse US Hispanic/Latino adults, the prevalence of a LR profile is low. Lower acculturation is associated with higher odds of a LR profile among women but not men. Comprehensive public health strategies are needed to improve the cardiovascular health of US Hispanic/Latino adults.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL daviglus@uic.edu.
authors.forename: Martha L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Daviglus
authors.affiliation: Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Amber
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pirzada
authors.affiliation: Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Durazo-Arvizu
authors.affiliation: Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Jinsong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Allison
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
authors.forename: Larissa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Avilés-Santa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC.
authors.forename: Jianwen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
authors.forename: Hector M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: González
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Behavioral Medicine Research Center, University of Miami, FL.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schneiderman
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Sorlie
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA.
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Talavera
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wassertheil-Smoller
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Jeremiah
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stamler
mesh_terms: D000069:Acculturation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000208:ethnology; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents
keywords: cardiovascular disease prevention; cardiovascular disease risk factors; low risk