title: Detecting a hierarchical genetic population structure via Multi-InDel markers on the X chromosome.
abstract: Detecting population structure and estimating individual biogeographical ancestry are very important in population genetics studies, biomedical research and forensics. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has long been considered to be a primary ancestry-informative marker (AIM), but it is constrained by complex and time-consuming genotyping protocols. Following up on our previous study, we propose that a multi-insertion-deletion polymorphism (Multi-InDel) with multiple haplotypes can be useful in ancestry inference and hierarchical genetic population structures. A validation study for the X chromosome Multi-InDel marker (X-Multi-InDel) as a novel AIM was conducted. Genetic polymorphisms and genetic distances among three Chinese populations and 14 worldwide populations obtained from the 1000 Genomes database were analyzed. A Bayesian clustering method (STRUCTURE) was used to discern the continental origins of Europe, East Asia, and Africa. A minimal panel of ten X-Multi-InDels was verified to be sufficient to distinguish human ancestries from three major continental regions with nearly the same efficiency of the earlier panel with 21 insertion-deletion AIMs. Along with the development of more X-Multi-InDels, an approach using this novel marker has the potential for broad applicability as a cost-effective tool toward more accurate determinations of individual biogeographical ancestry and population stratification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.|The Center for Forensic Science Research, Department of Public Security Technology, Railway Police College, Zhengzhou 450053, China.
authors.forename: Guang Yao
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: The Center for Forensic Science Research, Department of Public Security Technology, Railway Police College, Zhengzhou 450053, China.|Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Yi Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Hou
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D041321:Chromosomes, Human, X / Q000235:genetics*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D005819:Genetic Markers; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population / Q000145:classification*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D054643:INDEL Mutation; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D060885:Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; D010802:Phylogeny; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers