title: The Relationship Between Hope and Adolescent Likelihood to Endorse Substance Use Behaviors in a Sample of Marginalized Youth.
abstract: Hopefulness has been associated with increased treatment retention and reduced substance abuse among adults, and may be a promising modifiable factor to leverage in substance abuse treatment settings. Few studies have assessed the relationship between hopefulness and substance use in adolescents, particularly those with high-risk backgrounds.
  
  
  
  We explored whether high hope is associated with less likelihood for engaging in a variety of substance use behaviors in a sample of marginalized adolescents.
  
  
  
  Using logistic regression, we assessed results from a cross-sectional anonymous youth behavior survey (n = 256 youth, ages 14 to 19). We recruited from local youth serving agencies (e.g., homeless shelters, group homes, short-term detention).
  
  
  
  The sample was almost 60% male and two thirds African American. Unadjusted models showed youth with higher hope had a 50-58% (p = <.05) decreased odds of endorsing heavy episodic drinking, daily tobacco use, recent or lifetime marijuana use, and sex after using substances. Adjusted models showed a 52% decreased odds of lifetime marijuana use with higher hope, and a trend towards less sex after substance use (AOR 0.481; p = 0.065). No other substance use behaviors remained significantly associated with higher hope scores in adjusted models.
  
  
  
  Hopefulness may contribute to decreased likelihood of substance use in adolescents. Focusing on hope may be one modifiable target in a comprehensive primary or secondary substance use prevention program.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA.
authors.forename: Merrian J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.affiliation: b Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA.
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Marshal
authors.affiliation: a Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA.
authors.forename: Heather L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: McCauley
authors.affiliation: b Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Douaihy
authors.affiliation: a Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008385:Marijuana Smoking; D012309:Risk-Taking; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adolescent; prevention; substance use