title: Treatment of Symptomatic Geographic Tongue with Triamcinolone Acetonide Alone and in Combination with Retinoic Acid: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Geographic tongue or migratory glossitis is an inflammatory disorder with unknown etiology. Considering the accompanied burning pain, taste dysfunction, and lack of definite cure, it is important to treat this condition symptomatically. The objective of the current study was to compare the efficacy of a combination of 0.05% retinoic acid and 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide with that of triamcinolone acetonide alone for treatment of symptomatic geographic tongue.
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomized controlled double-blind clinical trial was performed on 28 patients with symptomatic geographic tongue, who were referred to two dental clinics. Participants were randomly divided into two groups and treated with triamcinolone alone or retinoic acid plus triamcinolone for 10 days. Patients were assessed for the level of pain, burning sensation and size of lesion at the beginning and at the end of the study. Participants were followed up for two months after cessation of treatment (at the end of each month). SPSS 11 was applied to compare the two therapeutic modalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight participants with a mean age of 40 years were evaluated including Seven (25%) males and 21(75%) females. There was a positive family history of geographic tongue in 21 patients. Despite the diminished pain and burning sensation as well as smaller size of lesions following treatment (P<0.05), no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups (P> 0.05). No side effect was reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of triamcinolone and retinoic acid was not more effective than triamcinolone alone for symptomatic treatment of geographic tongue.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Assistant Professor, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Shamsoulmolouk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Najafi
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Narges
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gholizadeh
authors.affiliation: Dentist, Private Practice, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Elahe
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Akhavan Rezayat
authors.affiliation: Statistical Consultant, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Javad
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kharrazifard
keywords: Geographic Tongue and Fissured Tongue; Retinoic Acid; Triamcinolone Acetonide