title: Caffeine Consumption and Sleep Quality in Australian Adults.
abstract: Caffeine is commonly consumed to help offset fatigue, however, it can have several negative effects on sleep quality and quantity. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between caffeine consumption and sleep quality in adults using a newly validated caffeine food frequency questionnaire (C-FFQ). In this cross sectional study, 80 adults (M ± SD: 38.9 ± 19.3 years) attended the University of South Australia to complete a C-FFQ and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Caffeine consumption remained stable across age groups while the source of caffeine varied. Higher total caffeine consumption was associated with decreased time in bed, as an estimate of sleep time (r = -0.229, p = 0.041), but other PSQI variables were not. Participants who reported poor sleep (PSQI global score ≥ 5) consumed 192.1 ± 122.5 mg (M ± SD) of caffeine which was significantly more than those who reported good sleep quality (PSQI global score < 5; 125.2 ± 62.6 mg; p = 0.008). The C-FFQ was found to be a quick but detailed way to collect population based caffeine consumption data. The data suggests that shorter sleep is associated with greater caffeine consumption, and that consumption is greater in adults with reduced sleep quality.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sleep Research, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide 5001, SA, Australia. emily.watson@mymail.unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Emily J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.affiliation: Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide 5001, SA, Australia. alison.coates@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Alison M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Coates
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sleep Research, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide 5001, SA, Australia. Mark.Kohler@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohler
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sleep Research, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide 5001, SA, Australia. Siobhan.Banks@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Siobhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banks
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002110:Caffeine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002253:Carbonated Beverages; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D020920:Dyssomnias / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D057566:Self Report; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013021:South Australia; D013662:Tea / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D013662:Tea; D002110:Caffeine
keywords: caffeine food frequency questionnaire; caffeine intake; sleep hygiene; sleep quality; sleep quantity