title: Radiological characterization and evaluation of high volume bauxite residue alkali activated concretes.
abstract: Bauxite residue, also known as red mud, can be used as an aggregate in concrete products. The study involves the radiological characterization of different types of concretes containing bauxite residue from Ukraine. The activity concentrations of radionuclides from the238U,232Th decay series and40K were determined for concrete mixture samples incorporating 30, 40, 50, 60, 75, 85 and 90% (by mass) of bauxite residue using gamma-ray spectrometry with a HPGe detector. The studied bauxite residue can, from a radiological point of view using activity concentration indexes developed by Markkanen, be used in concrete for building materials and in road construction, even in percentages reaching 90% (by mass). However, when also occupational exposure is considered it is recommended to incorporate less than 75% (by mass) of Ukrainian bauxite residue during the construction of buildings in order to keep the dose to workers below the dose criterion used by Radiation Protection (RP) 122 (0.3 mSv/a). Considering RP122 for evaluation of the total effective dose to workers no restrictions are required for the use of the Ukrainian bauxite residue in road construction.
authors.affiliation: Hasselt University, NuTeC, CMK, Nuclear Technology - Faculty of Engineering Technology, Agoralaan building H, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Croymans
authors.affiliation: Hasselt University, NuTeC, CMK, Nuclear Technology - Faculty of Engineering Technology, Agoralaan building H, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. Electronic address: Wouter.schroeyers@uhasselt.be.
authors.forename: Wouter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schroeyers
authors.affiliation: V.Glukhovsky Scientific Research Institute for Binders and Materials, Kiev National University of Construction and Architecture, Vozdukhoflotsky pr., 31, Kiev 03037, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krivenko
authors.affiliation: V.Glukhovsky Scientific Research Institute for Binders and Materials, Kiev National University of Construction and Architecture, Vozdukhoflotsky pr., 31, Kiev 03037, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Oleksandr
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kovalchuk
authors.affiliation: V.Glukhovsky Scientific Research Institute for Binders and Materials, Kiev National University of Construction and Architecture, Vozdukhoflotsky pr., 31, Kiev 03037, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pasko
authors.affiliation: EC, JRC-GEEL, Retieseweg 111, 2440 Geel, Belgium.
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hult
authors.affiliation: EC, JRC-GEEL, Retieseweg 111, 2440 Geel, Belgium.
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marissens
authors.affiliation: EC, JRC-GEEL, Retieseweg 111, 2440 Geel, Belgium.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lutter
authors.affiliation: Hasselt University, NuTeC, CMK, Nuclear Technology - Faculty of Engineering Technology, Agoralaan building H, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schreurs
mesh_terms: D000468:Alkalies / Q000737:chemistry; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D003252:Construction Materials / Q000032:analysis*; D008906:Mining; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D011197:Potassium Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D000069079:Radiation Exposure; D011834:Radiation Monitoring; D013051:Spectrometry, Gamma; D013910:Thorium / Q000032:analysis*; D014455:Ukraine; D014501:Uranium / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000468:Alkalies; D011197:Potassium Radioisotopes; D014501:Uranium; D013910:Thorium; D000537:Aluminum Oxide
keywords: Activity concentration; Activity concentration index; Bauxite residue; Concrete; Effective dose