title: Periodontal status and serum creatine kinase levels among young soccer players: A preliminary report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is hypothesized that soccer players with periodontal disease exhibit raised serum creatine kinase (CK) levels as compared to those without periodontal disease. We assessed the clinical gingival status and serum CK levels among young soccer players.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Full mouth bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing pocket depth (PPD) were assessed. Blood samples (4 mL) were collected for measurement of serum CK levels. All blood samples were collected from a vein in the antecubital region. Total CK activities in serum were determined with an optimized spectrophotometric method. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance, and P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-seven male soccer players volunteered to participate in the present study. The mean age of the participants in Groups 1 (n = 14) and 2 (n = 13) were 18.2 ± 2.3 years and 19.1 ± 0.6 years, respectively. Mean scores of BOP were significantly higher among individuals in Group 2 (56.8%) compared with individuals in Group 1 (19.4%) (P < 0.001). Mean scores of PPD ≥4 mm were significantly higher among subjects in Group 2 (12.1%) as compared to individuals in Group 1 (0.8%) (P < 0.001). Levels of CK were significantly higher among individuals in Group 2 (292.7 U/L) as compared to those in Group 1 (52.3 U/L) (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased BOP and PPD are associated with increased serum CK levels in young soccer players.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Prince Faisal Bin Fahad Bin Abdulaziz-Sports Medicine Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alshail
authors.affiliation: Consultant Orthopedic and Sports Medicine, Previous Saudi National Soccer Team Physician, Prince Faisal Bin Fahad Bin Abdulaziz-Sports Medicine Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aljohar
authors.affiliation: Dental Department, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alshehri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000201:enzymology*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D012916:Soccer / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003402:Creatine Kinase