title: Effect of water- versus land-based exercise training as a component of a multidisciplinary intervention program for overweight and obese adolescents.
abstract: To compare water- versus land-based exercise programs, as part of a multidisciplinary intervention, on physical fitness and health-related quality of life in overweight and obese adolescents. A total of 151 overweight and obese adolescents (age: 13.2±1.8years) were divided into: 1) a water-based intervention (WB; n=28); 2) a land-based intervention (LB; n=57); and 3) a control group (CG; n=66). Anthropometric measures, body composition, flexibility, abdominal strength/endurance, cardiorespiratory fitness and health-related quality of life were assessed prior and by the end of a 16-week intervention. Both the water- and land-based interventions were part of a multidisciplinary program focusing on behavioral changes. Fat Mass (%) was significantly reduced in both intervention groups and a higher progression was observed in the WB group (-9.8±7.2% versus -6.1±6.2%; p<0.05 for pre-to-post changes within-groups). However, LB increased more abdominal strength than WB (69.6±165.8% versus 53.4±83.4%; p<0.05) and significantly increased social (19.7±88.8%), psychosocial (5.1±15.1%) and total score (6.3±14.8%), which was observed in neither WB nor CG. The intervention groups did not change body weight (WB: -1.7±5.3%; LB: 0.1±3.4%; p>0.05 for both groups) and increased (p<0.05) fat-free mass (WB: 4.6±4.0%; LB: 4.4±4.1%), VO2max (WB: 9.3±7.8%; LB: 11.0±13.4%), and physical dimension of quality of life (WB: 9.2±17.2%; LB: 8.9±18.0%) differently of what was observed in CG. The physical dimension improvement observed in the land-based and water-based samples was associated with decreased percentage fat mass (r=0.282 and 0.229; p<0.05). We suggest water- and land-based physical exercises within a multidisciplinary program promote similar improvements in body composition, physical fitness and health-related quality of life in overweight and obese adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Multiprofessional Nucleus of Obesity Study, Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringa, Clinical Research Center of University Hospital of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil. Electronic address: caanlopera_obs@hotmail.es.
authors.forename: Carlos Andrés
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Lopera
authors.affiliation: Multiprofessional Nucleus of Obesity Study, Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringa, Clinical Research Center of University Hospital of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil. Electronic address: danilofernandesdasilva@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Danilo Fernandes
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Multiprofessional Nucleus of Obesity Study, Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringa, Clinical Research Center of University Hospital of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil. Electronic address: josianeaabianchini@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Josiane Aparecida Alves
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bianchini
authors.affiliation: Multiprofessional Nucleus of Obesity Study, Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringa, Clinical Research Center of University Hospital of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil. Electronic address: joao17_carlos@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: João Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Locateli
authors.affiliation: Multiprofessional Nucleus of Obesity Study, Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringa, Clinical Research Center of University Hospital of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil. Electronic address: amandacaroline_@live.com.
authors.forename: Amanda Caroline Teles
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: Multiprofessional Nucleus of Obesity Study, Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringa, Clinical Research Center of University Hospital of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil. Electronic address: dadarafa@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Rafaela Pilegi
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Dada
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions, Auvergne Research Centre for Human Nutrition (CRNH), Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France. Electronic address: thiveldavid@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thivel
authors.affiliation: Multiprofessional Nucleus of Obesity Study, Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringa, Clinical Research Center of University Hospital of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil. Electronic address: nnjunior@uem.br.
authors.forename: Nelson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nardo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry; D001823:Body Composition; D002648:Child; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D018529:Nutritional Support / Q000379:methods*; D009765:Obesity / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D050177:Overweight / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D011788:Quality of Life; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water
keywords: Adolescent; Exercise; Pediatric obesity; Physical fitness; Quality of life