title: In Vitro Activities of Six Antifungal Drugs Against Candida glabrata Isolates: An Emerging Pathogen.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Candida glabrata is a pathogenic yeast with several unique biological features and associated with an increased incidence rate of candidiasis. It exhibits a great degree of variation in its pathogenicity and antifungal susceptibility.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro antifungal susceptibilities of the following six antifungal drugs against clinical C. glabrata strains: amphotericin B (AmB), ketoconazole (KTZ), fluconazole (FCZ), itraconazole (ITZ), voriconazole (VCZ), and caspofungin (CASP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty clinical C. glabrata strains were investigated using DNA sequencing. The in vitro antifungal susceptibility was determined as described in clinical laboratory standard institute (CLSI) documents (M27-A3 and M27-S4).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sequence analysis of the isolate confirmed as C. glabrata and deposited on NCBI GenBank under the accession number no. KT763084-KT763123. The geometric mean MICs against all the tested strains were as follows, in increasing order: CASP (0.17 g/mL), VCZ (0.67 g/mL), AmB (1.1 g/mL), ITZ (1.82 g/mL), KTZ (1.85 g/mL), and FCZ (6.7 g/mL). The resistance rates of the isolates to CASP, FCZ, ITZ, VZ, KTZ, and AmB were 5%, 10%, 72.5%, 37.5%, 47.5%, and 27.5%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings confirm that CASP, compared to the other antifungals, is the potent agent for treating candidiasis caused by C. glabrata. However, the clinical efficacy of these novel antifungals remains to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine and Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Nasrin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Amirrajab
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Badali
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mojtaba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Didehdar
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hosein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Afsarian
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Rasoul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Nazanin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lotfi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Tahereh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shokohi
keywords: Broth Microdilution; Candida glabrata; In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility