title: Changes in circulating vitamin D levels with loss of adipose tissue.
abstract: Low vitamin D levels have been extensively reported in obesity. Thus, the pandemic of obesity has been paralleled by a high prevalence of low vitamin D status. Given the well documented associations linking poor vitamin D status to adverse health outcomes (diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancers, all-cause mortality), a proper understanding of the mechanisms linking excess adiposity to low vitamin D status is key to identify and implement effective interventions to replenish vitamin D levels in obese individuals. In this review, we will discuss recent literature investigating the effects of adipose tissue volume loss through energy restriction and/or physical activity on circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels.
  
  
  
  Improvements of circulating 25(OH)D levels with adiposity loss through lifestyle interventions without supplementation is being reported by a growing number of studies, including recent randomized controlled trials.
  
  
  
  Low 25(OH)D is one of the metabolic disturbances associated with excess adiposity, particularly visceral adiposity. Recommendations for the treatment of obesity-related vitamin D deficiency should emphasize the role of visceral adiposity loss through healthy lifestyle habits, in conjunction with weight-adjusted vitamin D supplementation, not only to replenish 25(OH)D levels but also to address other visceral adiposity-related disturbances, such as insulin resistance, inflammation, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.
authors.affiliation: aQuébec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre bLipid Clinic, CHU de Québec-Université Laval cEndocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec Research Centre dFaculty of Medicine, Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gangloff
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bergeron
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lemieux
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Després
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050154:Adiposity; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D002149:Energy Intake; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000503:physiopathology; D008019:Life Style; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D