title: Association Between Aqueous Flare and Epiretinal Membrane in Retinitis Pigmentosa.
abstract: Epiretinal membrane (ERM) is a frequent macular complication in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). The etiology of ERM formation in RP is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between aqueous flare, a surrogate index of intraocular inflammation, and ERM secondary to RP.
  
  
  
  We retrospectively studied a total of 206 eyes of 117 patients who were diagnosed with typical RP. Aqueous flare values were measured consecutively in 2012 and 2013 using a laser flare cell meter. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images and fundus photographs taken on the same day of the aqueous flare measurements were analyzed for ERM detection.
  
  
  
  The mean values of aqueous flare, age, and frequency of male sex were significantly higher in the RP patients with ERM compared with the RP patients without ERM (P < 0.0001, P = 0.007, and P = 0.004, respectively). After adjustment for age and sex, the eyes in the highest quartile of aqueous flare had significantly higher odds of having ERM than those in the lowest quartile (odds ratio [OR], 2.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-6.93), and the linear trend across flare levels was significant (P = 0.005). In addition, each 1-log-transformed increase in flare values was associated with an elevation of the likelihood of having ERM (OR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.33-5.06).
  
  
  
  Our analysis demonstrated that elevated aqueous flare is associated with ERM secondary to RP, suggesting that inflammation may be implicated in the pathogenesis of ERM formation in RP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan 2Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Akita University, Akita, Japan.
authors.forename: Kohta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakatake
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tachibana
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shintaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hisatomi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Akita University, Akita, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshitomi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Koh-Hei
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Sonoda
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
mesh_terms: D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000166:cytology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012174:Retinitis Pigmentosa / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*; D014792:Visual Acuity