title: Testing the H56 Vaccine Delivered in 4 Different Adjuvants as a BCG-Booster in a Non-Human Primate Model of Tuberculosis.
abstract: The search for new and improved tuberculosis (TB) vaccines has focused on IFN-γ both for selecting antigens and for evaluating vaccine delivery strategies. The essential role of IFN-γ in endogenous host protection is well established, but it is still uncertain whether this also holds true for vaccine protection. Here we evaluate the H56 fusion protein vaccine as a BCG booster in a non-human primate (NHP) model of TB that closely recapitulates human TB pathogenesis. To date, only a handful of novel adjuvants have been tested in the NHP model of TB, and therefore we administered H56 in 3 novel cationic liposome adjuvants of increasing immunogenicity (CAF01, CAF04, CAF05) and compared them to H56 in the IC31® adjuvant previously reported to promote protection in this model. The individual clinical parameters monitored during infection (weight, ESR, X-ray) all correlated with survival, and boosting BCG with H56 in all adjuvants resulted in better survival rates compared to BCG alone. The adjuvants promoted IFN-γ-responses of increasing intensity as measured by ELISPOT in the peripheral blood, but the level of vaccine-specific IFN-γ production did not correlate with or predict disease outcome. This study's main outcome underscores the importance of the choice of adjuvant for TB subunit vaccines, and secondly it highlights the need for better correlates of protection in preclinical models of TB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Billeskov
authors.affiliation: Leonard Wood Memorial (LWM) Center for Leprosy Research, Cebu, Philippines.
authors.forename: Esterlina V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Leonard Wood Memorial (LWM) Center for Leprosy Research, Cebu, Philippines.
authors.forename: Marjorie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cang
authors.affiliation: Leonard Wood Memorial (LWM) Center for Leprosy Research, Cebu, Philippines.
authors.forename: Rodolfo M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Abalos
authors.affiliation: Leonard Wood Memorial (LWM) Center for Leprosy Research, Cebu, Philippines.
authors.forename: Jasmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burgos
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Bo Vestergaard
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Else Marie
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Agger
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Andersen
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000276:immunology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007117:Immunization, Secondary / Q000379:methods*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D001500:BCG Vaccine; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D007371:Interferon-gamma