title: Increased proapoptotic activity of electron beam irradiated doxorubicin and epirubicin in multidrug-resistant human leukemic cells.
abstract: This study evaluated the effect of electron beam irradiation on the cytotoxic activity of anthracycline antibiotics such as doxorubicin (DOX), epirubicin (EPI), and dunorubicin (DAU) in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line CCRF-CEM and its multidrug-resistant variant CCRF-VCR1000 cell line characterized by the overexpression of ABCB1 gene. Drugs were irradiated at doses of 10 and 25 kGy. Data from EPR studies proved that the highest concentration of free radicals was found in DOX and that the number of stable free radicals is always greater after irradiation. In in vitro studies, a higher cytotoxic activity of irradiated DOX and EPI in multidrug-resistant CCRF-VCR1000 cells was observed. This tendency was maintained during the storage at 4 °C for 90 days. Changes in CCRF-CEM cells' viability were not dependent on the irradiation status and its dose and were only drug-concentration dependent in all measurement time points. It was proved that increased potency of 25 kGy e-beam irradiated drugs results from their enhanced proapoptotic activity. Apoptotic cell death observed in CCRF-VCR1000 cells treated with irradiated drugs was caspase-8, -9, and -3 dependent and related to the increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. No significant differences in the effects of irradiated and non-irradiated drugs on p53 and NFκB transcription factor level and their translocation to the nucleus were noted. Increased activity of the irradiated drugs was not dependent on ABCB1 level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego Str. 49, 60-355, Poznań, Poland. Electronic address: apaszel@ump.edu.pl.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paszel-Jaworska
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego Str. 49, 60-355, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Totoń
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dettlaff
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaczmarek
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bednarski
authors.affiliation: Department of Modified Antibiotics, Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, Starościńska 5, 02-516, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oszczapowicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jelińska
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego Str. 49, 60-355, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rybczyńska
mesh_terms: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003630:Daunorubicin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D004583:Electrons; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C513055:ABCB1 protein, human; D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D005609:Free Radicals; D016328:NF-kappa B; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D015251:Epirubicin; D004317:Doxorubicin; D020169:Caspases; D003630:Daunorubicin
keywords: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia; Anthracyclines; Apoptosis; Electron beam irradiation; Multidrug resistance