title: Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in patients with head and neck cancer after S-1 chemotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  One in 1000-3000 carriers of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) develops adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) per year; however, the pathogenic mechanism is not completely clear. We have observed that some patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) develop ATLL during treatment at our hospital. The aim of this study was to examine treatment factors associated with onset of ATLL through an evaluation of the therapeutic background of these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The impact of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery on occurrence of ATLL was evaluated in 146 patients with head and neck SCC who were treated at our hospital between April 2010 and December 2013.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 146 patients, 17 were HTLV-1 positive and 6 developed ATLL. There was a significant relationship between ATLL development and administration of S-1 chemotherapy (p=0.0003), but not with use of radiotherapy, surgery or other drugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The involvement of S-1 chemotherapy in ATLL development suggests that a test for HTLV-1 antibody should be performed before treatment and that S-1 should not be administered in HTLV-1 positive patients with head and neck carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan. Electronic address: nagano@m.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagano
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kurono
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology and Immunology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan; Palliative Care Center, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.
authors.forename: Kakushi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matushita
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000628:therapy*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1; D006801:Humans; D015459:Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures; D010094:Oxonic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011878:Radiotherapy; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; D043823:Taxoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005641:Tegafur / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D043823:Taxoids; C079198:S 1 (combination); D005641:Tegafur; D010094:Oxonic Acid; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil
keywords: Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma; Chemotherapy; HTLV-1; Head and neck cancer; S-1