title: Surface Water Impacted by Rural Activities Induces Genetic Toxicity Related to Recombinagenic Events in Vivo.
abstract: This investigation assessed the interaction of surface water samples with DNA to quantitatively and qualitatively characterize their mutagenic and/or recombinagenic activity. Samples were obtained at three different sites along the Tocantins River (Tocantins State, Brazil). The area has withstood the impact mainly of rural activities, which release different chemical compounds in the environment. The Drosophila melanogaster Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) was performed in standard (ST) and high bioactivation (HB) crosses. SMART is useful for the detection of mutational and recombinational events induced by genotoxins of direct and indirect action. Results demonstrated that samples collected in both seasons were able to induce increments on the mutant spot frequencies in the larvae of the HB cross. Genotoxicity was related to a massive recombinagenic activity. The positive responses ascribed to only the HB cross means that it is linked to pro-genotoxins requiring metabolic activation. The SMART wing test in Drosophila melanogaster was shown to be highly sensitive to detect genotoxic agents present in the aquatic environment impacted by agriculture.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetic Toxicity (TOXIGEN), Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas 92425-900, Brazil. netotocantins@gmail.com.
authors.forename: José Lopes
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Soares Neto
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetic Toxicity (TOXIGEN), Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas 92425-900, Brazil. raine_fogliati@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Raíne Fogliati
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: de Carli
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetic Toxicity (TOXIGEN), Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas 92425-900, Brazil. queilak@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Queila Susana Gambim
authors.initials: QS
authors.lastname: Kotzal
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetic Toxicity (TOXIGEN), Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas 92425-900, Brazil. fran_latroni@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Francine Bolico
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Latroni
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetic Toxicity (TOXIGEN), Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas 92425-900, Brazil. mauriciol@ulbra.br.
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.affiliation: Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil. jfdias@if.ufrgs.br.
authors.forename: Johnny Ferraz
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.affiliation: Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil. clau_telles@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Cláudia Telles
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil. liana.abn@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Liana Appel Boufleur
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Niekraszewicz
authors.affiliation: Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil. fer.rabaioli@gmail.com.|UniLaSalle, Canoas 92010-000, Brazil. fer.rabaioli@gmail.com.|Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas 92425-900, Brazil. fer.rabaioli@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fernanda Rabaioli
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas 92425-900, Brazil. juliana.silva@ulbra.br.
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetic Toxicity (TOXIGEN), Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas 92425-900, Brazil. rafael.rodrigues@ulbra.br.
authors.forename: Rafael Rodrigues
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Dihl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D004249:DNA Damage; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics*; D007814:Larva / Q000235:genetics*; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests / Q000379:methods; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012424:Rural Population; D012621:Seasons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D014921:Wings, Animal
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: SMART; agriculture; genotoxicity; somatic cells; surface water