title: The validity and reliability of Thai Sinonasal Outcome Test-22.
abstract: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) symptoms can significantly reduce quality of life. The Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) is frequently used to assess this disease-specific quality of life, although it has not been translated into Thai language. We translated the original SNOT-22 questionnaire to Thai using forward-backward technique, and validated it in CRS patients [n = 229, mean age of 52.6 (SD = 15.9)] recruited at outpatient Otolaryngology clinic, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. A construct validity was assessed using factor analysis, reliability was assessed using intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) after 3 days of taking the first questionnaire, and internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. A total of 201 out of 229 patients completed SNOT-22 questionnaire. Factor analysis with oblique rotation was applied and yielded three domains with eigenvalue of 1 or higher. These domains were named as nasal-related, ear-general-psychological, and sleep-related domains. Estimated ICC ranged from 0.49 to 0.71 with a median of 0.64, and Cronbach's alpha was 0.94. The Thai SNOT-22 questionnaire is reliable and valid with three domains. Thai SNOT-22 may be used in research and clinical practice to assess disease-specific quality of life and aid in management plan at CRS clinic.
authors.affiliation: Section for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pawin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Numthavaj
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, 270 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand. bhongmakapat@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Thongchai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bhongmakapat
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, 270 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: Boonsarm
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Roongpuwabaht
authors.affiliation: Section for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Atiporn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ingsathit
authors.affiliation: Section for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Ammarin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thakkinstian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods; D010346:Patient Care Management / Q000379:methods; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D014175:Translating
keywords: Chronic rhinosinusitis; Outcome; Questionnaire; Reliability; Sinonasal Outcome Test; Validity