title: Self-assembling peptide-based building blocks in medical applications.
abstract: Peptides and peptide-conjugates, comprising natural and synthetic building blocks, are an increasingly popular class of biomaterials. Self-assembled nanostructures based on peptides and peptide-conjugates offer advantages such as precise selectivity and multifunctionality that can address challenges and limitations in the clinic. In this review article, we discuss recent developments in the design and self-assembly of various nanomaterials based on peptides and peptide-conjugates for medical applications, and categorize them into two themes based on the driving forces of molecular self-assembly. First, we present the self-assembled nanostructures driven by the supramolecular interactions between the peptides, with or without the presence of conjugates. The studies where nanoassembly is driven by the interactions between the conjugates of peptide-conjugates are then presented. Particular emphasis is given to in vivo studies focusing on therapeutics, diagnostics, immune modulation and regenerative medicine. Finally, challenges and future perspectives are presented.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Electronic address: hacar@uchicago.edu.
authors.forename: Handan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Acar
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Institute for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA. Electronic address: samsri@uchicago.edu.
authors.forename: Samanvaya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
authors.forename: Eun Ji
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Electronic address: schnorenberg@uchicago.edu.
authors.forename: Mathew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Schnorenberg
authors.affiliation: Biophysical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Electronic address: jcbarrett@uchicago.edu.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Electronic address: jlabelle@peds.bsd.uchicago.edu.
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: LaBelle
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Institute for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA. Electronic address: mtirrell@uchicago.edu.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tirrell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry; D010455:Peptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D044968:Regenerative Medicine
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D010455:Peptides
keywords: Medicine; Peptide; Peptide-conjugates; Self-assembly; Supramolecular