title: Alternative solvents for improving the greenness of normal phase liquid chromatography of lipid classes.
abstract: An evaluation of solvents alternative to n-heptane (d-limonene and hexamethyldisiloxane) and chloroform (cyclopentyl methyl ether, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and isopentyl acetate) was developed for lipid classes separation of non-polar cholesteryl ester to highly polar phospholipids by high-performance liquid chromatography on bare silica stationary phase and evaporative light-scattering detection. Screening of alternative solvents was used to estimate their compatibility with liquid chromatography and evaporative light-scattering detection and to evaluate their chromatographic selectivity. This work shows that n-heptane can be advantageously replaced by hexamethyldisiloxane. An increase of non-polar lipids retention is observed with hexamethyldisiloxane as weak solvent. Chloroform, which is largely used for lipid analysis, might be replaced efficaciously by cyclopentyl methyl ether, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran or isopentyl acetate. Aside from offering a different selectivity, the gradients composed by one or both alternative solvents gave efficient and comparable or even better separations than those obtained with conventional solvents.
authors.affiliation: Lip(Sys)(2), Chimie Analytique Pharmaceutique (FKA EA4041 Groupe de Chimie Analytique de Paris-Sud), Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; UMR 8231Chimie Biologie Innovation CNRS-ESPCI, LSABM, Université PSL, ESPCI Paris, F-75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Nolwenn
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Prache
authors.affiliation: Lip(Sys)(2), Chimie Analytique Pharmaceutique (FKA EA4041 Groupe de Chimie Analytique de Paris-Sud), Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abreu
authors.affiliation: UMR 8231Chimie Biologie Innovation CNRS-ESPCI, LSABM, Université PSL, ESPCI Paris, F-75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sassiat
authors.affiliation: UMR 8231Chimie Biologie Innovation CNRS-ESPCI, LSABM, Université PSL, ESPCI Paris, F-75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thiébaut
authors.affiliation: Lip(Sys)(2), Chimie Analytique Pharmaceutique (FKA EA4041 Groupe de Chimie Analytique de Paris-Sud), Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France. Electronic address: pierre.chaminade@u-psud.fr.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chaminade
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D015394:Molecular Structure
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids
keywords: Alternative solvents; Evaporative light scattering detector; Lipids; Normal-phase liquid chromatography