title: Assessment of metal and bacterial contamination in cultivated fish and impact on human health for residents living in the Mekong Delta.
abstract: Fish is the main source of animal protein and micronutrients for inhabitants in the lower Mekong River basin. Consumption of fish in the basin ranges from 41 to 51 kg capita(-1) year(-1). Thus, concerns of human health impacts caused by daily intake of metals contained in fish, and the incidence of bacterial contamination from Listeria and Escherichia coli have been raised. This study was conducted to 1) determine concentrations of metals, fecal indicator organisms, and Listeria spp. in cultivated common diet fish, and 2) assess human health risks as results of fish consumption on a daily basis. The results showed significant impacts of metal accumulation in fish especially from the intensive aquaculture. Chemical use to promote the rapid allometric growth of fish was expected to be the explanation for this finding. Concentrations of metals contained in different fish species were not statistically different with the exceptions of Na, Mn, and Zn. This might be due to the mobility of elements in aquaculture farms. Listeria and E. coli log CFU/g were 1.36 ± 0.11 (standard error) and 1.57 ± 0.1 s.e., respectively with higher counts observed in samples collected in market sites. Lastly, for human health risk assessment via fish consumption, it was found that hazard quotients of consuming As, Cu, and Zn contained in all fish species could contribute adverse health effects to the local residents (hazard quotients higher than 1). Therefore, risk management measures must be promoted and implemented in all study areas to reduce potential risks to local Vietnamese residents.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Phathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Penradee
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chanpiwat
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, South Korea. Electronic address: suthisuthi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Suthipong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sthiannopkao
authors.affiliation: International Environmental Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju 61005, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Widmer
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Nutrition and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Himeno
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Nutrition and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyataka
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Hydrobiology, College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: Ngoc-Ut
authors.initials: NU
authors.lastname: Vu
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Hydrobiology, College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: Van-Viet
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Hydrobiology, College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: Thi-Tuyet-Ngan
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Pham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005396:Fish Products / Q000382:microbiology; D005399:Fishes / Q000382:microbiology*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D008087:Listeria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D011786:Quality Control; D018570:Risk Assessment; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D013045:Species Specificity; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D003300:Copper; D015032:Zinc; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: Aquaculture fish; Daily intake; Escherichia coli; Heavy metal; Listeria; Toxic metal