title: Cardiac implantable electronic device infection due to Mycobacterium species: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infection of cardiac implantable electronic devices is a serious cardiovascular disease and it is associated with a high mortality. Mycobacterium species may rarely cause cardiac implantable electronic devices infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  We are reporting a case of miliary tuberculosis in an Arab patient with dilated cardiomyopathy and a cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator device that was complicated with infection of his cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator device. To our knowledge, this is the third case in the literature with such a presentation and all patients died during the course of treatment. This underscores the importance of early diagnosis and management. We also performed a literature review of reported cases of cardiac implantable electronic devices infection related to Mycobacterium species.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiac implantable electronic devices infection due to Mycobacterium species is an uncommon but a well-known entity. Early diagnosis and prompt management may result in a better outcome.
authors.affiliation: Heart Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), MBC-16, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia. balghamdi@kfshrc.edu.sa.|Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. balghamdi@kfshrc.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Bandar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Al-Ghamdi
authors.affiliation: Heart Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), MBC-16, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hassan El
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Widaa
authors.affiliation: Heart Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), MBC-16, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Maie Al
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Shahid
authors.affiliation: Heart Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), MBC-16, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aladmawi
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, KFSH&RC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Jawaher
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alotaibi
authors.affiliation: Heart Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), MBC-16, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Aly Al
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sanei
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, KFSH&RC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.|Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Magid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Halim
mesh_terms: D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004566:Electrodes; D004582:Electronics, Medical / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000502:physiology*; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: Defibrillator; Endocarditis; Infection; Mycobacterium; Pacemaker