title: Association between elevated blood glucose level on admission and long-term mortality in patients with acute decompensated heart failure.
abstract: The effect of elevated blood glucose (BG) levels on the long-term prognosis of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) patients has not been well defined. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term prognosis of ADHF with elevated BG.
  
  
  
  A cohort of patients consecutively admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit from 2007 to 2011 was studied. Among these, 495 patients who met the criteria were divided into 4 groups based on their BG level and diabetes mellitus (DM) status. The risks for all-cause mortality in each group were assessed using the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model.
  
  
  
  At a median follow-up of 1.8 years, 148 patients had died. There were 168 patients without either BG elevation or DM, 67 without BG elevation but with DM, 105 with BG elevation but not DM, and 155 with both BG elevation and DM. In a multivariate model, those with BG elevation, regardless of DM status, showed a greater risk of increased mortality when compared with patients without either BG elevation or DM [hazard ratio (HR), 1.79; p=0.042 for BG elevation without DM and HR, 1.73; p=0.048 for BG elevation with DM].
  
  
  
  Elevated BG levels, irrespective of the DM status, at the time of admission in patients with ADHF, appear to be a prognostic marker for ADHF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Sharma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kattel
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Cardiovascular Respiratory Sleep Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: kasai-t@mx6.nisiq.net.
authors.forename: Takatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kasai
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Cardiovascular Respiratory Sleep Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yatsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Azusa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Cardiovascular Respiratory Sleep Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suda
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiki
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsutoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Daida
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Acute heart failure; Admission; Hyperglycemia; Long-term mortality