title: Health care providers' adherence to tobacco treatment for waterpipe, cigarette and dual users in Vietnam.
abstract: Almost half of adult men in Vietnam are current cigarette smokers. Recent surveys also suggest a high prevalence of water pipe use, particularly in rural areas. Yet services to treat tobacco dependence are not readily available. The purpose of this study was to characterize current tobacco use treatment patterns among Vietnamese health care providers and factors influencing adherence to recommended guidelines for tobacco use screening and cessation interventions for water pipe, cigarette and dual users.
  
  
  
  We conducted cross sectional surveys of 929 male current tobacco users immediately after they completed a primary care visit at one of 18 community health centers.
  
  
  
  Thirty-four percent of smokers used cigarettes only, 24% water pipe only, and 42% were dual users. Overall 12% of patients reported that a provider asked them if they used tobacco products during the visit. Providers were significantly more likely to screen cigarette smokers compared with water pipe or dual users (16%, 9% and 11% respectively). Similarly, 9% of current cigarette smokers received advice to quit compared to 6% of water pipe and 5% of dual users. No patients reported that their health care provider offered them assistance to quit (e.g., self-help materials, referral).
  
  
  
  Despite ratifying the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, Vietnam has not made progress in implementing policies and systems to ensure smokers are receiving evidence-based treatment. High rates of water pipe and dual use indicate a need for health care provider training and policy changes to facilitate treatment for both cigarette and water pipe use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: donna.shelley@nyumc.org.
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shelley
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Pritika
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social and Medical Studies, H18, Lot 12B, Trung Yen 10 Street, Trung Hoa Ward, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social and Medical Studies, H18, Lot 12B, Trung Yen 10 Street, Trung Hoa Ward, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: LinhThi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social and Medical Studies, H18, Lot 12B, Trung Yen 10 Street, Trung Hoa Ward, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: Trang Thi
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, USA.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: VanDevanter
authors.affiliation: New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, USA.
authors.forename: Charles M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cleland
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social and Medical Studies, H18, Lot 12B, Trung Yen 10 Street, Trung Hoa Ward, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: Nam Truong
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D062789:Tobacco Products / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000073869:Tobacco Smoking / Q000628:therapy*; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology; D000073867:Water Pipe Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Smoking cessation; Tobacco use treatment; Vietnam; Water pipe