title: Quantum Dot/Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cell Hybrid Device and Mechanism of Its Operation.
abstract: A new type of light-emitting hybrid device based on colloidal quantum dots (QDs) and an ionic transition metal complex (iTMC) light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) is introduced. The developed hybrid devices show light emission from both active layers, which are combined in a stacked geometry. Time-resolved photoluminescence experiments indicate that the emission is controlled by direct charge injection into both the iTMC and the QD layer. The turn-on time (time to reach 1 cd/m(2)) at constant voltage operation is significantly reduced from 8 min in the case of the reference LEC down to subsecond in the case of the hybrid device. Furthermore, luminance and efficiency of the hybrid device are enhanced compared to reference LEC directly after device turn-on by a factor of 400 and 650, respectively. We attribute these improvements to an increased electron injection efficiency into the iTMC directly after device turn-on.
authors.affiliation: Research Group "Solid State Lighting", NanoEnergieTechnikZentrum, University Duisburg-Essen , 47057 Duisburg, Germany.|Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik and CENIDE, University Duisburg-Essen , 47057 Duisburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frohleiks
authors.affiliation: Research Group "Solid State Lighting", NanoEnergieTechnikZentrum, University Duisburg-Essen , 47057 Duisburg, Germany.|Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik and CENIDE, University Duisburg-Essen , 47057 Duisburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Svenja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wepfer
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University , Ankara 06800, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kelestemur
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University , Ankara 06800, Turkey.|Luminous! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Materials Sciences, School of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798, Singapore.
authors.forename: Hilmi Volkan
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.affiliation: Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik and CENIDE, University Duisburg-Essen , 47057 Duisburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bacher
authors.affiliation: Research Group "Solid State Lighting", NanoEnergieTechnikZentrum, University Duisburg-Essen , 47057 Duisburg, Germany.|Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik and CENIDE, University Duisburg-Essen , 47057 Duisburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ekaterina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nannen
keywords: Förster resonant energy transfer; LEC; electron injection; hybrid device; iTMC; light-emitting electrochemical cell; quantum dots