title: Relation Between Prefrontal Cortex Activity and Respiratory Rate During Mental Stress Tasks: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Study.
abstract: In order to clarify the central mechanism controlling respiratory rate during mental stress, we examined the relation between prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity and respiratory rate during mental arithmetic (MA) tasks. Employing two-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), we measured hemoglobin (Hb) concentration changes in the bilateral PFC during MA tasks in normal adults. To evaluate asymmetry of the PFC activity, we calculated the laterality index (LI); (R-L)/(R + L) of oxy-Hb concentration changes (R = right, L = left); positive LI scores indicate right-dominant activity, while negative scores indicate left-dominant activity. For measurements of respiratory rate, we employed a Kinect motion sensor (Microsoft). The MA tasks increased both oxy-Hb in the bilateral PFC and respiratory rate (p < 0.001). In addition, there was a significant correlation between LI and respiratory rate (r = 0.582, p < 0.02). These results indicate that the MA-induced activity in the right PFC was greater than that in the left PFC in subjects with large increases of respiratory rate, suggesting that the right PFC has a greater role in cerebral regulation of respiratory rate during mental stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, NEWCAT Research Institute, College of Engineering, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuta
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, NEWCAT Research Institute, College of Engineering, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Lizhen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, NEWCAT Research Institute, College of Engineering, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan. sakatani.kaoru@nihon-u.ac.jp.|Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan. sakatani.kaoru@nihon-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakatani
mesh_terms: D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000294:innervation*; D008297:Male; D055641:Mathematical Concepts; D010092:Oximetry / Q000379:methods*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D056152:Respiratory Rate; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006454:Hemoglobins; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins; C100003:deoxyhemoglobin; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Autonomic nervous system; NIRS; Prefrontal cortex; Respiration; Stress