title: An institutional pilot study to investigate physical activity patterns in boys with haemophilia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Haemophilia is a bleeding disorder characterized by musculoskeletal bleeding. Trauma-induced bleeding into joints and muscles may be associated with participation in physical activities. Recognizing this, persons with haemophilia may limit physical activities to avoid bleeding. The characterization of physical activity profiles (type, intensity, frequency and duration) in children with differing severities of haemophilia has not been well documented. This is required to better understand the relationship between physical activity and bleeding in children with haemophilia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was a prospective, cross-sectional, observational study to compare the quantity, type and intensity of physical activity as measured by accelerometry in boys with different haemophilia severities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects wore an accelerometer daily for 1 week and completed validated self-report PedHAL and 3DPAR questionnaires. Accelerometer activity levels were classified as sedentary, light, moderate or vigorous.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 66 males were enrolled, 24 had mild/moderate and 42 had severe haemophilia. Subjects average age was 11.52 years (±3.99) and their average BMI was 20.74 kg m(2) (±5.68). Boys with severe haemophilia reported significantly more time per day spent in sedentary activities compared to those with mild/moderate haemophilia. Furthermore, the amount of time engaged in sedentary activities increased with age in those boys with severe haemophilia, whereas the opposite was true in those with mild/moderate haemophilia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We speculate that prophylaxis in children with severe haemophilia permitted them to engage in similar amounts of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) as children with mild/moderate haemophilia. Increasing sedentary time in the severe cohort with age may be attributed to increasing arthropathy among other psychosocial factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. vanessa.bouskill@sickkids.ca.|Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. vanessa.bouskill@sickkids.ca.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bouskill
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hilliard
authors.affiliation: Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.affiliation: Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Whitney
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.|Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carcao
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D015444:Exercise; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D057566:Self Report; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: accelerometry; children; haemophilia; physical activity; questionnaires