title: A Clinical Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Hyaluronan Sponge with Vitamin C Versus Placebo for Scar Reduction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Scar formation after injury or surgery is a major clinical problem. Individually, hyaluronan, or hyaluronic acid (HA), and vitamin C have been shown to reduce scarring by means of different mechanisms. The authors evaluated the efficacy and safety of an HA sponge system containing an active derivative of vitamin C to determine whether the use of this product promotes healing and reduces inflammation and scarring after surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  This double-blind, randomized, prospective study was approved by the local institutional review board. Participants who had unilateral or bilateral surgical scars more than 1 month but less than 18 months old were enrolled. Surgical scars were randomly assigned to receive placebo or HA sponge with vitamin C. Three blinded evaluators reviewed photographs of the incision lines and assessed the scars using a visual analog scale. A patient satisfaction survey was also administered. Participants were followed up at 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three patients were enrolled in the study. Six patients dropped out of the study, for a total of 17 patients included in final analysis. Mean (range) age of patient was 43.5 (25-67) years. Mean (range) body mass index was 27.4 (18-36.9) kg/m(2). The mean visual analog scale score for scars receiving HA sponge with vitamin C was slightly lower than the scars receiving placebo, but the difference was not statistically significant (t test; P = 0.9). The HA sponge with vitamin C was found to have significant positive findings on a patient satisfaction survey.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HA sponge system with vitamin C is safe to use in any scars older than 4 weeks. It has high patient satisfaction in achieving a better scar after surgery. The micro-roller used to apply the product was easy to use to potentially increase the spread of the medication in older scars.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern School of Medicine, Dallas, Tex.
authors.forename: Bardia
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Amirlak
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern School of Medicine, Dallas, Tex.
authors.forename: Monali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahedia
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern School of Medicine, Dallas, Tex.
authors.forename: Nilay
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shah