title: The Effect of Regular Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of regular exercise training on insulin sensitivity in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using the pooled data available from randomised controlled trials. In addition, we sought to determine whether short-term periods of physical inactivity diminish the exercise-induced improvement in insulin sensitivity. Eligible trials included exercise interventions that involved ≥3 exercise sessions, and reported a dynamic measurement of insulin sensitivity. There was a significant pooled effect size (ES) for the effect of exercise on insulin sensitivity (ES, -0.588; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.816 to -0.359; P<0.001). Of the 14 studies included for meta-analyses, nine studies reported the time of data collection from the last exercise bout. There was a significant improvement in insulin sensitivity in favour of exercise versus control between 48 and 72 hours after exercise (ES, -0.702; 95% CI, -1.392 to -0.012; P=0.046); and this persisted when insulin sensitivity was measured more than 72 hours after the last exercise session (ES, -0.890; 95% CI, -1.675 to -0.105; P=0.026). Regular exercise has a significant benefit on insulin sensitivity in adults with T2DM and this may persist beyond 72 hours after the last exercise session.
authors.affiliation: University of Sydney Faculty of Health Sciences, Lidcombe, Australia.|Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.|Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia. kway2744@uni.sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Kimberley L
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1999-2498
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Way
authors.affiliation: University of Sydney Faculty of Health Sciences, Lidcombe, Australia.
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hackett
authors.affiliation: Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.|Australian Catholic University School of Exercise Science, Strathfield, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: University of Sydney Faculty of Health Sciences, Lidcombe, Australia.|Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.|Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia. nathan.johnson@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Nathan A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3874-7092
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Johnson
keywords: Aerobic training; Glucose tolerance test; Hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp; Insulin resistance; Resistance training