title: The effect of patient anxiety and depression on motion during myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging.
abstract: Patient motion during myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging (MPI) may be triggered by a patient's physical and/or psychological discomfort. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of state anxiety (patient's reaction to exam-related stress), trait anxiety (patient's personality characteristic) and depression on patient motion during MPI.
  
  
  
  All patients that underwent MPI in our department in a six-month period were prospectively enrolled. One hundred eighty-three patients (45 females; 138 males) filled in the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), along with a short questionnaire regarding their age, height and weight, level of education in years, occupation, and marital status. Cardiovascular and other co-morbidity factors were also evaluated. Through inspection of raw data on cinematic display, the presence or absence of patient motion was registered and classified into mild, moderate and severe, for both phases involved in image acquisition.
  
  
  
  The correlation of patient motion in the stress and delay phases of MPI and each of the other variables was investigated and the corresponding Pearson's coefficients of association were calculated. The anxiety-motion (r = 0.43, P < 0.0001) and depression-motion (r = 0.32, P < 0.0001) correlation results were moderately strong and statistically significant for the female but not the male patients. All the other variables did not demonstrate any association with motion in MPI, except a weak correlation between age and motion in females (r = 0.23, P < 0.001).
  
  
  
  The relationship between anxiety-motion and depression-motion identified in female patients represents the first supporting evidence of psychological discomfort as predisposing factor for patient motion during MPI.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine Section, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 1 Rimini St., Athens, 12462, Greece. vslyra@yahoo.gr.
authors.forename: Vassiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lyra
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Instruments Technology, Technological Educational Institution of Athens, TEI, 28 Ag. Spiridona St., Athens, 12210, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kallergi
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 1 Rimini St., Athens, 12462, Greece.
authors.forename: Emmanouil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rizos
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine Section, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 1 Rimini St., Athens, 12462, Greece.
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lamprakopoulos
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine Section, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 1 Rimini St., Athens, 12462, Greece.|Nuclear Medicine Section, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, BRFAA, 4 Soranou Efesiou St., Athens, 11527, Greece.
authors.forename: Sofia N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Chatziioannou
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009038:Motion; D055414:Myocardial Perfusion Imaging / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Anxiety; Artifacts; Depression; Myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging; Patient motion