title: The effect of surgical experience on the amount of radiation exposure from fluoroscopy during dynamic hip screw fixation.
abstract: INTRODUCTION Dynamic hip screw (DHS) fixation for proximal femur fractures is one of the most common procedures in trauma that requires the use of fluoroscopy. Emphasis is often placed on producing the 'perfect picture', which may lead to excessive use of fluoroscopy, without added patient benefit. This study, the largest of its kind, aimed to determine the effect of surgical experience on the amount of radiation exposure from fluoroscopy during DHS fixation. METHODS All hospital admissions for extracapsular proximal femur fractures to our institution between 2007 and 2012 were analysed. Patient demographics, fracture configuration, grade of surgeon and the total radiation dose after fixation were recorded. Analysis of variance was performed to assess differences in radiation levels between different grades of surgeon. RESULTS A total of 1,203 patients with a mean age of 81.3 years (range: 21-105 years) were included in the study. The majority of the fractures were three-part (33.3%), followed by two-part (32.2%), four-part (25.7%) and basicervical (8.9%). Registrars (ST3-ST8) used a significantly higher radiation dose than consultants for all fracture types (p=0.009). When analysed separately by trainee group, the most junior registrars (ST3-ST4) and the most senior registrars (ST7-ST8) were found to use significantly higher radiation levels than consultants (p=0.037 and p<0.001 respectively). CONCLUSIONS The level of surgical experience does influence the amount of radiation exposure from fluoroscopy during DHS fixation. Surgical trainees should not ignore the potential harmful effects of radiation and should be equipped with the knowledge of how to keep the radiation exposure as low as possible.
authors.affiliation: Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust , UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quah
authors.affiliation: University of Nottingham , UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.affiliation: Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust , UK.
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Shivji
authors.affiliation: Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust , UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust , UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chandrasenan
authors.affiliation: Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust , UK.
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.affiliation: Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust , UK.
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Forward
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001863:Bone Screws; D005260:Female; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D000072161:Orthopedic Surgeons / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D000069079:Radiation Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Dynamic hip screw; Education; Fluoroscopy; Hip fracture; Radiation; Surgical training