title: Central Nervous System and Vertebrae Development in Horses: a Chronological Study with Differential Temporal Expression of Nestin and GFAP.
abstract: The neural system is one of the earliest systems to develop and the last to be fully developed after birth. This study presents a detailed description of organogenesis of the central nervous system (CNS) at equine embryonic/fetal development between 19 and 115 days of pregnancy. The expression of two important biomarkers in the main structure of the nervous system responsible for neurogenesis in the adult individual, and in the choroid plexus, was demonstrated by Nestin and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) co-labeling. In the 29th day of pregnancy in the undifferentiated lateral ventricle wall, the presence of many cells expressing Nestin and few expressing GFAP was observed. After the differentiation of the lateral ventricle wall zones at 60 days of pregnancy, the subventricular zone, which initially had greater number of Nestin+cells, began to show higher numbers of GFAP+cells at 90 days of pregnancy. A similar pattern was observed for Nestin+and GFAP+cells during development of the choroid plexus. This study demonstrates, for the first time, detailed chronological aspects of the equine central nervous system organogenesis associated with downregulation of Nestin and upregulation of GFAP expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nathia N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Rigoglio
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo S N
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Barreto
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Phelipe O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Favaron
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproduction and Animal Evaluation, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Júlio C F
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Animale, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Lawrence C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Melba O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Gastal
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Eduardo L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Gastal
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. miglino@usp.br.
authors.forename: Maria Angélica
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Miglino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006736:Horses / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D064231:Nestin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D055495:Neurogenesis; D011247:Pregnancy; D013131:Spine / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D064231:Nestin
keywords: Equine; Fetal brain development; Ganglia; Head trauma; Nerves; Neurodevelopment; Spinal cord