title: Association between human resources and risk of hospitalisation in end-stage renal disease outpatients receiving haemodialysis: a longitudinal cohort study using claim data during 2013-2014.
abstract: The number of patients requiring haemodialysis has gradually increased in South Korea. Owing to this growth, concerns have been raised regarding haemodialysis quality of care, and healthcare professionals must consider alternatives for appropriate management of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, we investigated the association between risk of hospitalisation of outpatients who received haemodialysis due to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and the human resources of the haemodialysis unit.
  
  
  
  We used data from National Health Insurance (NHI) claims during October 2013 to September 2014.
  
  
  
  These data comprised 40 543 outpatients with ESRD (4 751 047 outpatient cases) who received haemodialysis.
  
  
  
  No interventions were made.
  
  
  
  We performed Poisson regression analysis using a generalised estimating equation that included both patient and haemodialysis unit characteristics to examine the factors associated with hospitalisation of outpatients with ESRD.
  
  
  
  Among 4 751 047 outpatient cases, 27 997 (0.59%) were hospitalised during the study period. A higher proportion of haemodialysis patient care specialists and a higher number of nurses experienced in haemodialysis were inversely associated with the risk of hospitalisation (per 10% increase in haemodialysis patient care specialists: relative risk (RR)=0.987, 95% CI 0.981 to 0.993; per 10-person increase in nurses who provided haemodialysis: RR=0.876, 95% CI 0.833 to 0.921). In addition, such associations were greater in severe patients.
  
  
  
  Our findings suggest that haemodialysis units with high-quality, haemodialysis-specialised human resources could positively affect the outcomes of outpatients with ESRD. Based on our findings, health policymakers and professionals should implement strategies for the optimal management of patients with CKD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy and Management, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hoon-Hee
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu-Tae
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chung Mo
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: National Evidence-Based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Tae
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Woorim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Cheol
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006295:Health Resources / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: chronic kidney disease; health outcome; healthcare quality assessment; hemodialysis