title: Computed tomography virtual cystoscopy for follow-up of patients with superficial bladder tumours in comparison to conventional cystoscopy: An exploratory study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and analyse the efficacy of computed tomography (CT) virtual cystoscopy in comparison to conventional cystoscopy for the follow-up of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was done over 3 years, from April 2010 to June 2013, and included 30 patients who all had non-muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma (Ta, T1). The patients all underwent complete transurethral resection of the tumour and presented for first follow-up check cystoscopy. The examination was performed using a 16-slice multi-detector (MD) CT scanner. The results were compared for sensitivity and specificity in relation to the site, size, and shape of the tumour.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 20 lesions were detected by CT virtual cystoscopy in 18 patients, whilst the remaining 12 were lesion free. Conventional cystoscopy, detected 23 lesions in 19 patients. The sensitivity of the virtual images was 87%; its specificity in identifying lesions was 100%, with a positive predictive value of 100% and negative predictive value of 78.5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CT virtual cystoscopy is a promising technique for detecting bladder tumours and some other bladder lesions. However, the detection rate for recurrent NMIBC does not appear to be adequate to replace conventional cystoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hossam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Elawady
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mahmoud A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mahmoud
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Diaaeldin M A
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Mostafa
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Alaa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdelmaksoud
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Safa
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiodiagnosis, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Remon Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Elia
keywords: Conventional cystoscopy; MDCT, multi-detector CT; NMIBC, non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer; NPV, negative predictive value; Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer; PPV, positive predictive value; TURBT, transurethral resection of bladder tumour; Virtual cystoscopy