title: Measured body composition and geometrical data of four "virtual family" members for thermoregulatory modeling.
abstract: The purpose of this paper is to develop a database of tissue composition, distribution, volume, surface area, and skin thickness from anatomically correct human models, the virtual family. These models were based on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of human volunteers, including two adults (male and female) and two children (boy and girl). In the segmented image dataset, each voxel is associated with a label which refers to a tissue type that occupies up that specific cubic millimeter of the body. The tissue volume was calculated from the number of the voxels with the same label. Volumes of 24 organs in body and volumes of 7 tissues in 10 specific body regions were calculated. Surface area was calculated from the collection of voxels that are touching the exterior air. Skin thicknesses were estimated from its volume and surface area. The differences between the calculated and original masses were about 3 % or less for tissues or organs that are important to thermoregulatory modeling, e.g., muscle, skin, and fat. This accurate database of body tissue distributions and geometry is essential for the development of human thermoregulatory models. Data derived from medical imaging provide new effective tools to enhance thermal physiology research and gain deeper insight into the mechanisms of how the human body maintains heat balance.
authors.affiliation: US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Biophysics and Biomedical Modeling Division, 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA, 01760, USA. xiaojiang.xu.civ@mail.mil.
authors.forename: Xiaojiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Biophysics and Biomedical Modeling Division, 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA, 01760, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Rioux
authors.affiliation: US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Biophysics and Biomedical Modeling Division, 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA, 01760, USA.
authors.forename: Tynan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: MacLeod
authors.affiliation: US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Biophysics and Biomedical Modeling Division, 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA, 01760, USA.
authors.forename: Tejash
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Biophysics and Biomedical Modeling Division, 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA, 01760, USA.
authors.forename: Maxwell N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Rome
authors.affiliation: US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Biophysics and Biomedical Modeling Division, 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA, 01760, USA.
authors.forename: Adam W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Potter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition; D001830:Body Surface Area; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012867:Skin / Q000033:anatomy & histology
keywords: Body composition; Body temperature; Heat content; Medical image; Thermoregulatory model