title: Adapting an Australian question prompt list in oncology to a Norwegian setting-a combined method approach.
abstract: A question prompt list (QPL) is an inexpensive communication aid that has been proved effective in encouraging patients to ask questions during medical consultations. The aim of this project was to develop a QPL for Norwegian cancer patients.
  
  
  
  A multimethod approach was chosen combining literature review, focus groups, and a survey in the process of culturally adjusting an Australian QPL for the Norwegian setting. Participants were recruited from the University Hospital of North Norway. They were asked to review and comment on iterative drafts of the QPL.
  
  
  
  Eighteen patients, mean age 54, participated in the focus groups, and 31 patients, mean age 55, participated in the survey. Focus groups suggested that topics related to accompanying relatives, children as next of kin, and rehabilitation were important and should be added to the original QPL. The survey revealed that most questions from the original QPL were considered both useful and understandable. Although half of the patients found some questions about prognosis unpleasant, the vast majority considered the same questions useful. Questions regarding clinical studies, multidisciplinary teams, and public versus private hospitals had lower ratings of usefulness.
  
  
  
  QPLs require some adjustment to the local cultural context, and a mixed method approach may provide a useful model for future cultural adaptation of QPLs. The present QPL has been adjusted to the needs of oncology patients in the Norwegian health care setting.
authors.affiliation: Oncology Department, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway. anita.amundsen@unn.no.|Kreftavdelingen, Universitetssykehuset Nord Norge, Postboks 13, 9038, Tromsø, Norway. anita.amundsen@unn.no.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0068-1358
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amundsen
authors.affiliation: Oncology Department, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.|Department of Health and Care Science, Faculty of Health Science, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Bente
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ervik
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-based Decision-making (CeMPED), School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Phyllis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Butow
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-based Decision-making (CeMPED), Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Martin H N
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tattersall
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Svein
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bergvik
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.|Department of Mental Health and Addictions, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Tore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sørlie
authors.affiliation: Oncology Department, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.|Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Tone
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nordøy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia; D003142:Communication; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000592:standards*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D010358:Patient Participation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Communication; Cross-cultural adaption; Multimethod approach; Oncology; Question prompt list