title: Safety of Bifidobacterium breve (BBG-01) in preterm infants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since 1982, viable cells of Bifidobacterium breve (BBG-01) have been used in pediatric patients for clinical conditions such as intractable infantile diarrhea, preterm status, and pediatric surgery. Although the efficacy of BBG-01 has been widely reported, adverse events related to the use of BBG-01 have been reported in very few cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to trace adverse events seen by 109 doctors in 88 medical institutions where BBG-01 was used, a questionnaire survey of the number of occurrences and details of each case was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-six clinicians (70 institutions) responded to the questionnaire (response rate, 78.9%). Number of respondents according to department of diagnosis (no. BBG-01-treated infants) was as follows: pediatrics, 29 respondents (10 938 patients); premature and newborn medicine, 26 (10 677 patients); obstetrics and gynecology, 1 (1212 patients) and pediatric surgery, 22 (169 patients). More than 90% of the total BBG-01-treated patients (23 092 patients) were in the departments of premature and newborn medicine and pediatrics, and BBG-01 had been used mainly in preterm infants and children with intractable diarrhea. Adverse events occurred in two extremely premature infants with functional ileus due to starch aggregates as vehicle, and in two surgical neonates with bacteremia caused by B. breve genetically identical to BBG-01, and no serious adverse events with poor outcome were reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adverse events related to the use of BBG-01 have an extremely low incidence and are mild in severity, thus ensuring the superior safety of this preparation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatal Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitajima
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatal Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirano
mesh_terms: D000069984:Bifidobacterium breve; D003968:Diarrhea, Infantile / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019936:Probiotics / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: 
  Bifidobacterium breve
  ; BBG-01; preterm infant; probiotic