title: Metachronous bladder metastases of a type 2 papillary renal cell carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal cell carcinoma developing metastases in the bladder is rare. Bladder metastasis due to a papillary type of renal cell carcinoma is rarer. Such metastases could be synchronous or metachronous.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here we present a 55-year-old female patient with haematuria who underwent left nephro-ureterectomy for a suspected urothelial tumour. Histopathology revealed it to be a type 2 papillary renal cell carcinoma. Eighteen months later, she developed metachronous bladder metastasis of the papillary renal cell carcinoma which was treated with total cystectomy. Currently, she is on interferon therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These bladder metastases from renal cell carcinoma could be due to drop metastases, lymphatic spread or haematogenous spread. The exact mechanism in a given case appears to be unpredictable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Colombo South Teaching Hospital, Dehiwala, Sri Lanka. seneth1983@gmail.com.
authors.forename: D G V D Seneth
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Gajasinghe
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncological Surgery, Karapitiya Teaching Hospital, Galle, Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: Ishra
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nazeer
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Colombo South Teaching Hospital, Dehiwala, Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: Hansika P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Maddumage
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncological Surgery, Karapitiya Teaching Hospital, Galle, Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: Chrysantha
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perera
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Colombo South Teaching Hospital, Dehiwala, Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: Anuruddha M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abeygunasekera
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015653:Cystectomy; D003558:Cystoscopy; D005260:Female; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009392:Nephrectomy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014513:Ureter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D014547:Urinary Diversion
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D016898:Interferon-alpha
keywords: Bladder metastases; Kidney cancer; Papillary renal cell carcinoma