title: Bone metastasis of malignant thymomas associated with peripheral T-cell lymphocytosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malignant thymomas are rarely associated with bone metastasis and T-cell lymphocytosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 47-year-old female patient was admitted to our hospital for ptosis. A diagnosis of malignant thymoma was made based on the thymectomy and pathological result. Peripheral T-cell lymphocytosis and bone metastasis were found later. T-cell lymphocytosis was relived after surgical and radiation therapy to the metastasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peripheral T-cell lymphocytosis is a rare paraneoplastic phenomenon associated with thymomas. This report is the first to describe an invasive thymoma with late bone metastasis accompanied with T-cell lymphocytosis. We should be aware of peripheral T-cell lymphocytosis in thymomas and it may contribute to a better understanding of the complex physiology and pathogenesis of thymoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Luo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China. liuyongxh@163.com.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008218:Lymphocytosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D013945:Thymoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary*; D013953:Thymus Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: Malignant thymoma; T-cell lymphocytosis