title: Development and validation of the sociocultural attitudes towards appearance questionnaire-4-revised (SATAQ-4R).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire-4 (SATAQ-4) is a measure of internalization of appearance ideals (i.e., personal acceptance of societal ideals) and appearance pressures (i.e., pressures to achieve the societal ideal). The current study sought to address limitations of the scale in order to increase precision in the measurement of muscular ideal internalization, include an assessment of one's desire for attractiveness, and broaden the measurement of appearance-related pressures.
  
  
  METHODS
  The factor structure, reliability and construct validity of the SATAQ-4-Revised were examined among college women (N = 1,114) in Study 1, adolescent girls (N = 275) in Study 2, and college men (N = 290) in Study 3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor analysis among college women indicated a 7-factor 31-item scale, labeled the SATAQ-4R-Female: (1) Internalization: Thin/Low Body Fat, (2) Internalization: Muscular, (3) Internalization: General Attractiveness, (4) Pressures: Family, (5) Pressures: Media, (6) Pressures: Peers, and (7) Pressures: Significant Others. SATAQ-4R-Female subscales demonstrated good reliability and construct validity among college women. Examination of the SATAQ-4R-Female among adolescent girls suggested a six-factor scale in which peer and significant others items comprised a single subscale. The scale demonstrated good reliability and construct validity in adolescent girls. Examination of the SATAQ-4R among men produced a 28-item scale with seven factors paralleling the factors identified among college women. This scale, labeled the SATAQ-4R-Male, demonstrated good reliability and construct validity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results support the reliability and validity of SATAQ-4R-Female in college women and adolescent girls, and the SATAQ-4R-Male in college men. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:104-117).
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.affiliation: Social Science Division, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Harriger
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Leslie J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Heinberg
authors.affiliation: Social Science Division, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Taylor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soderberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kevin Thompson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001828:Body Image; D002648:Child; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012649:Self Concept; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D013851:Thinness / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: appearance ideals; body image; eating disturbance; internalization; sociocultural pressure