title: A hyperspectral method to assay the microphysiological fates of nanomaterials in histological samples.
abstract: Nanoparticles are used extensively as biomedical imaging probes and potential therapeutic agents. As new particles are developed and testedin vivo, it is critical to characterize their biodistribution profiles. We demonstrate a new method that uses adaptive algorithms for the analysis of hyperspectral dark-field images to study the interactions between tissues and administered nanoparticles. This non-destructive technique quantitatively identifies particles inex vivotissue sections and enables detailed observations of accumulation patterns arising from organ-specific clearance mechanisms, particle size, and the molecular specificity of nanoparticle surface coatings. Unlike nanoparticle uptake studies with electron microscopy, this method is tractable for imaging large fields of view. Adaptive hyperspectral image analysis achieves excellent detection sensitivity and specificity and is capable of identifying single nanoparticles. Using this method, we collected the first data on the sub-organ distribution of several types of gold nanoparticles in mice and observed localization patterns in tumors.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.|Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.|Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.|Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.
authors.forename: Elliott D
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3362-1028
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: SoRelle
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.|Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.|Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.|Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.
authors.forename: Orly
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4625-9838
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Liba
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.|Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.
authors.forename: Jos L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.
authors.forename: Roopa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dalal
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.|Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.
authors.forename: Cristina L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Zavaleta
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.|Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.|Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.|Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.|Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de la Zerda
keywords: biodistribution; biomedical Imaging; cancer biology; histology; human biology; hyperspectral Imaging; medicine; microscopy; mouse; nanoparticles