title: Vitamin D and the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
abstract: Vitamin D has traditionally been known for its role in bone metabolism, but emerging evidence has suggested a broader role for vitamin D in immune regulation. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with the pathogenesis of diverse autoimmune disorders and has similarly been implicated as a contributor to inflammatory bowel disease. In this review, we discuss animal, in vitro, genetic, and epidemiologic studies that have linked vitamin D deficiency with inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis or severity. Nonetheless, we present the caveat in interpreting these studies in the context of reverse causation: Does vitamin D deficiency lead to gastrointestinal disease, or does gastrointestinal disease (with related changes in dietary choices, intestinal absorption, nutritional status, lifestyle) lead to vitamin D deficiency?
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway M211, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. berkeley.limketkai@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Berkeley N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Limketkai
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bechtold
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Nguyen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D051379:Mice; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; C579457:VDR protein, human; D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: Cholecalciferol; Ergocalciferol; Inflammatory bowel disease; Nutrition; Pathogenesis; Severity; Vitamin D