title: Metabolic Modulation by Medium-Chain Triglycerides Reduces Oxidative Stress and Ameliorates CD36-Mediated Cardiac Remodeling in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat in the Initial and Established Stages of Hypertrophy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is characterized by a decrease in oxidation of long-chain fatty acids, possibly mediated by reduced expression of the cell-surface protein cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36). Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were therefore supplemented with medium-chain triglycerides (MCT), a substrate that bypasses CD36, based on the assumption that the metabolic modulation will ameliorate ventricular remodeling.
  
  
  METHODS
  The diet of 2-month-old and 6-month-old SHRs was supplemented with 5% MCT (Tricaprylin), for 4 months. Metabolic modulation was assessed by mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Blood pressure was measured noninvasively. LVH was assessed with the use of hypertrophy index, cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, mRNA expression of B-type natriuretic peptide, cardiac fibrosis, and calcineurin-A levels. Oxidative stress indicators (cardiac malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, and 3-nitrotyrosine levels), myocardial energy level (ATP, phosphocreatine), and lipid profile were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Supplementation of MCT stimulated fatty acid oxidation in animals of both age groups, reduced hypertrophy and oxidative stress along with the maintenance of energy level. Blood pressure, body weight, and lipid profile were unaffected by the treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that modulation of myocardial fatty acid metabolism by MCT prevents progressive cardiac remodeling in SHRs, possibly by maintenance of energy level and decrease in oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
authors.forename: Ismael
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Saifudeen
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Medicine, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
authors.forename: Lakshmi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Subhadra
authors.affiliation: Division of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
authors.forename: Remani
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Konnottil
authors.affiliation: Division of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India. Electronic address: renuka@sctimst.ac.in.
authors.forename: R Renuka
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Nair
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000172:deficiency; D002210:Caprylates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018955:CD36 Antigens; D002210:Caprylates; D014280:Triglycerides; C003637:tricaprylin
keywords: CD36; Left ventricular hypertrophy; Medium-chain triglyceride; Oxidative stress; Spontaneously hypertensive rat