title: Self-gated 4D multiphase, steady-state imaging with contrast enhancement (MUSIC) using rotating cartesian K-space (ROCK): Validation in children with congenital heart disease.
abstract: To develop and validate a cardiac-respiratory self-gating strategy for the recently proposed multiphase steady-state imaging with contrast enhancement (MUSIC) technique.
  
  
  
  The proposed SG strategy uses the ROtating Cartesian K-space (ROCK) sampling, which allows for retrospective k-space binning based on motion surrogates derived from k-space center line. The k-space bins are reconstructed using a compressed sensing algorithm. Ten pediatric patients underwent cardiac MRI for clinical reasons. The original MUSIC and 2D-CINE images were acquired as a part of the clinical protocol, followed by the ROCK-MUSIC acquisition, all under steady-state intravascular distribution of ferumoxytol. Subjective scores and image sharpness were used to compare the images of ROCK-MUSIC and original MUSIC.
  
  
  
  All scans were completed successfully without complications. The ROCK-MUSIC acquisition took 5 ± 1 min, compared to 8 ± 2 min for the original MUSIC. Image scores of ROCK-MUSIC were significantly better than original MUSIC at the ventricular outflow tracts (3.9 ± 0.3 vs. 3.3 ± 0.6, P < 0.05). There was a strong trend toward superior image scores for ROCK-MUSIC in the other anatomic locations.
  
  
  
  ROCK-MUSIC provided images of equal or superior image quality compared to original MUSIC, and this was achievable with 40% savings in scan time and without the need for physiologic signal. Magn Reson Med 78:472-483, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.|Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.|Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Ziwu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Harvard Westlake School, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.|Biomedical Physics Inter-Departmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.|Division of Cardiology, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Kim-Lien
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: J Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Finn
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.|Biomedical Physics Inter-Departmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007223:Infant; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide
keywords: MR angiography; cardiac CINE; motion compensation; pediatric congenital heart disease; self-gating