title: Medical comorbidity of binge eating disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To gain further understanding of the general medical comorbidity of binge eating disorder (BED) beyond its association with obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed studies of general medical comorbidity in people with BED or clinically significant binge eating behavior beyond obesity. We also reviewed studies of BED in specific medical conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three broad study categories of medical comorbidity in BED were found: cross-sectional studies of medical conditions in BED; prospective studies of medical conditions in BED; and studies of BED in specific medical conditions. Cross-sectional epidemiologic data suggest that BED is associated with medical conditions related to obesity, including diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemias, sleep problems/disorders, and pain conditions, and that BED may be related to these conditions independent of obesity and co-occurring psychiatric disorders. Prospective data suggest that BED may be associated with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. BED or binge eating behavior is also associated with asthma and gastrointestinal symptoms and disorders, and among women, menstrual dysfunction, pregnancy complications, intracranial hypertension, and polycystic ovary syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BED is associated with substantial medical comorbidity beyond obesity. Further study of the general medical comorbidity of BED and its relationship to obesity and co-occurring psychiatric disorders is greatly needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Clinica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.|Mental Health Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Clinico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Olguin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Clinica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fuentes
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Clinica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gabler
authors.affiliation: Lindner Center of HOPE, 4075 Old Western Row Road, Mason, OH, 45040, USA. anna.guerdjikova@lindnercenter.org.|Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA. anna.guerdjikova@lindnercenter.org.
authors.forename: Anna I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Guerdjikova
authors.affiliation: Lindner Center of HOPE, 4075 Old Western Row Road, Mason, OH, 45040, USA.|Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Keck
authors.affiliation: Lindner Center of HOPE, 4075 Old Western Row Road, Mason, OH, 45040, USA.|Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: McElroy
mesh_terms: D056912:Binge-Eating Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010146:Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: Binge eating; Diabetes; Medical comorbidity; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity