title: The current status of immunotherapy in peritoneal carcinomatosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is a cancer disease with an urgent need for effective treatment. Conventional chemotherapy failed to show acceptable results. Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic chemoperfusion (HIPEC) are only beneficial in few patients with resectable peritoneal metastasis. Immunotherapy could be attractive against PC, as all requirements for immunotherapy are available in the peritoneal cavity.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review analyzes the present literature for immunotherapy of PC. Advances from immune stimulators, radionucleotide-conjugated- and bispecific antibodies to future developments like adoptive engineered T-cells with chimeric receptors are discussed. The clinical development of catumaxomab, which was the first intraperitoneal immunotherapy to be approved for clinical treatment, is discussed. The requirements for future developments are illustrated. Expert commentary: Immunotherapy of peritoneal carcinomatosis is manageable, showing striking cancer cell killing. Improved profiles of adverse events by therapy-induced cytokine release, enhanced specific killing and optimal treatment schedules within multimodal treatment will be key factors.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Abdominal, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Cologne Merheim Medical Center , Witten/Herdecke University , Cologne , Germany.
authors.forename: Michael Alfred
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ströhlein
authors.affiliation: a Department of Abdominal, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Cologne Merheim Medical Center , Witten/Herdecke University , Cologne , Germany.
authors.forename: Markus Maria
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Heiss
authors.affiliation: b Medical Center of the Ludwig Maximilian University Munich , Munich , Germany.
authors.forename: Karl-Walter
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Jauch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018033:Antibodies, Bispecific / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D065426:Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000379:methods; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D018033:Antibodies, Bispecific; D016207:Cytokines; C522419:catumaxomab
keywords: Immunotherapy; adoptive immunotherapy; bispecific antibodies; peritoneal carcinomatosis; peritoneal metastasis; trifunctional antibodies