title: Reconciling the evolutionary origin of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum).
abstract: The origin of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum; AABBDD) has been a subject of controversy and of intense debate in the scientific community over the last few decades. In 2015, three articles published in New Phytologist discussed the origin of hexaploid bread wheat (AABBDD) from the diploid progenitors Triticum urartu (AA), a relative of Aegilops speltoides (BB) and Triticum tauschii (DD). Access to new genomic resources since 2013 has offered the opportunity to gain novel insights into the paleohistory of modern bread wheat, allowing characterization of its origin from its diploid progenitors at unprecedented resolution. We propose a reconciled evolutionary scenario for the modern bread wheat genome based on the complementary investigation of transposable element and mutation dynamics between diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheat. In this scenario, the structural asymmetry observed between the A, B and D subgenomes in hexaploid bread wheat derives from the cumulative effect of diploid progenitor divergence, the hybrid origin of the D subgenome, and subgenome partitioning following the polyploidization events.
authors.affiliation: INRA/UBP UMR 1095 GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, Clermont Ferrand, 63100, France.
authors.forename: Moaine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El Baidouri
authors.affiliation: INRA/UBP UMR 1095 GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, Clermont Ferrand, 63100, France.
authors.forename: Florent
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Murat
authors.affiliation: INRA/UBP UMR 1095 GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, Clermont Ferrand, 63100, France.
authors.forename: Maeva
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Veyssiere
authors.affiliation: INRA/UBP UMR 1095 GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, Clermont Ferrand, 63100, France.
authors.forename: Mélanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Molinier
authors.affiliation: INRA UR1164 URGI (Research Unit in Genomics-Info), Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78026, France.
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.affiliation: INRA UR1164 URGI (Research Unit in Genomics-Info), Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78026, France.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Burlot
authors.affiliation: INRA UR1164 URGI (Research Unit in Genomics-Info), Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78026, France.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alaux
authors.affiliation: INRA UR1164 URGI (Research Unit in Genomics-Info), Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78026, France.
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Quesneville
authors.affiliation: INRA/UBP UMR 1095 GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, Clermont Ferrand, 63100, France.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pont
authors.affiliation: INRA/UBP UMR 1095 GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, Clermont Ferrand, 63100, France.
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salse
mesh_terms: D005075:Biological Evolution; D001939:Bread; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics; D018745:Genome, Plant; D008957:Models, Genetic; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D026801:Synteny / Q000235:genetics; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements
keywords: ancestor; evolution; origin; polyploidization; wheat