title: Forest edges have high conservation value for bird communities in mosaic landscapes.
abstract: A major conservation challenge in mosaic landscapes is to understand how trait-specific responses to habitat edges affect bird communities, including potential cascading effects on bird functions providing ecosystem services to forests, such as pest control. Here, we examined how bird species richness, abundance and community composition varied from interior forest habitats and their edges into adjacent open habitats, within a multi-regional sampling scheme. We further analyzed variations in Conservation Value Index (CVI), Community Specialization Index (CSI) and functional traits across the forest-edge-open habitat gradient. Bird species richness, total abundance and CVI were significantly higher at forest edges while CSI peaked at interior open habitats, i.e., furthest from forest edge. In addition, there were important variations in trait- and species-specific responses to forest edges among bird communities. Positive responses to forest edges were found for several forest bird species with unfavorable conservation status. These species were in general insectivores, understorey gleaners, cavity nesters and long-distance migrants, all traits that displayed higher abundance at forest edges than in forest interiors or adjacent open habitats. Furthermore, consistently with predictions, negative edge effects were recorded in some forest specialist birds and in most open-habitat birds, showing increasing densities from edges to interior habitats. We thus suggest that increasing landscape-scale habitat complexity would be beneficial to declining species living in mosaic landscapes combining small woodlands and open habitats. Edge effects between forests and adjacent open habitats may also favor bird functional guilds providing valuable ecosystem services to forests in longstanding fragmented landscapes.
authors.affiliation: Section of Ecology Department of Biology University of Turku FIN-20014 Turku Finland; Biogeco INRA Univ. Bordeaux F-33610 Cestas France.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Terraube
authors.affiliation: Irstea UR EFNO F-45290 Nogent-sur-Vernisson France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Archaux
authors.affiliation: Dynafor INPT EI Purpan INRA Univ. Toulouse F-31320 Auzeville France.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deconchat
authors.affiliation: Biogeco INRA Univ. Bordeaux F-33610 Cestas France.
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: van Halder
authors.affiliation: Biogeco INRA Univ. Bordeaux F-33610 Cestas France.
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jactel
authors.affiliation: Biogeco INRAUniv. Bordeaux F-33610 Cestas France; Dynafor INPT EI Purpan INRA Univ. Toulouse F-31320 Auzeville France.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barbaro
keywords: Biodiversity; community specialization index; conservation value index; ecosystem services; foraging guilds; fragmented forests; functional traits