title: Beneficial effects of neuropeptide galanin on reinstatement of exercise-induced somatic and psychological trauma.
abstract: Galanin is a versatile neuropeptide that is distinctly upregulated by exercise in exercise-related tissues. Although benefits from exercise-induced upregulation of this peptide have been identified, many issues require additional exploration. This Review summarizes the information currently available on the relationship between galanin and exercise-induced physical and psychological damage. On the one hand, body movement, exercise damage, and exercise-induced stress and pain significantly increase local and circulatory galanin levels. On the other hand, galanin plays an exercise-protective role to inhibit the flexor reflex and prevent excessive movement of skeletal muscles through enhancing response threshold and reducing acetylcholine release. Additionally, elevated galanin levels can boost repair of the exercise-induced damage in exercise-related tissues, including peripheral nerve, skeletal muscle, blood vessel, skin, bone, articulation, and ligament. Moreover, elevated galanin levels may serve as effective signals to buffer sport-induced stress and pain via inhibiting nociceptive signal transmission and enhancing pain threshold. This Review deepens our understanding of the profitable roles of galanin in exercise protection, exercise injury repair, and exercise-induced stress and pain. Galanin and its agonists may be used to develop a novel preventive and therapeutic strategy to prevent and treat exercise-induced somatic and psychological trauma. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention Ministry of Education, School of Physical Education and Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Gerontal Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Penghua
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Gerontal Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Gerontal Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Mingyi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention Ministry of Education, School of Physical Education and Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Gerontal Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.|Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bo
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Zhenwen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D019004:Galanin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D000067073:Psychological Trauma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D019004:Galanin
keywords: exercise protection; injury repair; neuropeptide; pain; stress