title: Involvement of glutathione in β-cyclodextrin-hemin complex-induced lateral root formation in tomato seedlings.
abstract: β-cyclodextrin-hemin complex (β-CDH) was shown to induce lateral root (LR) formation in tomato. However, the molecular mechanism is still elusive. In this report, the role of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the induction of lateral root triggered by β-CDH was investigated. Similar to the responses of β-CDH, exogenously applied with 0.1 mΜ GSH not only increased endogenous GSH content determined by spectrophotography and the monochlorobimane (MCB)-dependent fluorescent analysis, but also induced, thereafter, LR formation. Meanwhile, both β-CDH- and GSH-induced lateral root primordia (LRP) exhibited a similar accelerated anatomic structure. Above inducible responses were blocked significantly when theL-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), a potent and specific inhibitor of the enzyme catalyzing the first step of GSH biosynthesis, was separately applied. Upon β-CDH treatment, the changes of endogenous GSH content determined by spectrophotography and fluorescent analysis were consistent with the transcripts of two GSH synthetic genes, GSH1 and GSH2 encoding γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase, respectively. Exogenously applied with β-CDH could rescue N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA; IAA depletion)-triggered inhibition of LR formation. Further molecular evidence revealed that both β-CDH and GSH modulated gene expression of cell cycle regulatory genes (CYCA2;1, CYCA3;1, CYCD3;1, and CDKA1) and auxin signaling genes (ARF7 and RSI-1), six marker genes responsible for LR formation. By contrast, above changes were sensitive to the co-treatment with BSO. All together, these results suggest a role for GSH in the regulation of tomato LR development triggered by β-CDH.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Yudong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.affiliation: College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Yujian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Dekun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Supramolecular Medicinal and Applications, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Wenbiao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Nanjing Foreign Language School, Nanjing 210008, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Nanjing Foreign Language School, Nanjing 210008, China.
authors.forename: Lingxi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. Electronic address: lqhuangs@njau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Liqin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D017343:Genes, Plant; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006427:Hemin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine; D006427:Hemin; D005978:Glutathione; C031215:betadex
keywords: Cell cycle regulatory gene; Lateral root formation; Reduced glutathione (GSH); Solanum lycopersicum; β-Cyclodextrin-hemin complex (β-CDH)