title: Health-related quality of life and self-reported long-term conditions: a population-based survey.
abstract: To estimate and compare the effect of self-reported long-term health conditions and sociodemographic factors on perceived health-related quality of life (HRQoL).
  A population-based survey of adults (18 to 65 years) living in Brasilia, Brazil, was conducted in 2012. Descriptive and multivariate analyses using a Tobit model were performed with data on sociodemographic variables, self-reported conditions, and the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) health states, providing utility scores (preferred health state) between 0 and 1 for HRQoL estimates.
  The mean utility of 1,820 adults interviewed (mean age: 38.4±12.6 years) was 0.883 (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.874-0.892), with 76.2% in the highest utility range (0.8 to 1.0). EQ-5D dimensions with moderate problems were pain/discomfort (33.8%) and anxiety/depression (20.5%). Serious problems were reported by only 0.3% of the sample in the mobility and self-care domain and by 3.1% in the pain/discomfort domain. Multivariate analysis revealed reduced HRQoL in individuals with depression, diabetes, and hypertension. Living in satellite towns (outside the city core), belonging to a lower economic class, or not being formally employed were also associated with decreased HRQoL. Beta coefficients for these impacts ranged from -0.033 (not formally employed) to -0.141 (depression), reflecting the strongest impact.
  Of the long-term health conditions studied, depression had the greatest impact on HRQoL. Social class, employment status, and place of residence also affected HRQoL.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ivan R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcus T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP.
authors.forename: Tais F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Galvao
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mauricio G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Pereira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001938:Brazil; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012649:Self Concept; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult