title: Urinary Metabolic Phenotyping Reveals Differences in the Metabolic Status of Healthy and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Children in Relation to Growth and Disease Activity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Growth failure and delayed puberty are well known features of children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in addition to the chronic course of the disease. Urinary metabonomics was applied in order to better understand metabolic changes between healthy and IBD children.
  
  
  METHODS
  21 Pediatric patients with IBD (mean age 14.8 years, 8 males) were enrolled from the Pediatric Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic over two years. Clinical and biological data were collected at baseline, 6, and 12 months. 27 healthy children (mean age 12.9 years, 16 males) were assessed at baseline. Urine samples were collected at each visit and subjected to ¹H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using ¹H NMR metabonomics, we determined that urine metabolic profiles of IBD children differ significantly from healthy controls. Metabolic differences include central energy metabolism, amino acid, and gut microbial metabolic pathways. The analysis described that combined urinary urea and phenylacetylglutamine-two readouts of nitrogen metabolism-may be relevant to monitor metabolic status in the course of disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-invasive sampling of urine followed by metabonomic profiling can elucidate and monitor the metabolic status of children in relation to disease status. Further developments of omic-approaches in pediatric research might deliver novel nutritional and metabolic hypotheses.
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. francois-pierre.martin@rd.nestle.com.
authors.forename: Francois-Pierre
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. jessica.ezri@chuv.ch.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ezri
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. ornella.cominetti@rd.nestle.com.
authors.forename: Ornella
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cominetti
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Laeticia.DaSilva@rd.nestle.com.
authors.forename: Laeticia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Da Silva
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Martin.Kussmann@rd.nestle.com.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kussmann
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Research Center, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland. jean-philippe.godin@rdls.nestle.com.
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Godin
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. andreas.nydegger@chuv.ch.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nydegger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics
keywords: Crohn’s disease; growth; inflammatory bowel disease; metabolism; pediatric; phenotype; ulcerative colitis