title: Development of three-layered rumen escapable capsules for cattle.
abstract: A new rumen escapable tool is presented for cattle in prospect of developing medical treatment or supplementing trace elements for disease prevention. This tool consists of a three-layered capsule that dissolves in the lower digestive tract, but not in the rumen. The capsule was manufactured by capsule-forming techniques through the use of liquid surface tension. This method does not involve high-temperature treatment, so the capsule can contain not only lipophilic substances but also hydrophilic or heat-sensitive substances. Furthermore, the capsule has a specific gravity of 1.3 and diameter of 6.0 mm, which were previously shown to be appropriate to avoid rumination. The objective of this study was to confirm the effectiveness of the capsule pertinent to rumen escaping. In order to validate rumen escape, capsules containing 30 g of water-soluble vitamin (thiamine hydrochloride) per head were administered to four lactating cows assigned in a crossover trial. In the group administered encapsulated thiamine hydrochloride, blood thiamine levels increased from 12.4 ± 1.03 ng/ml before administration to 54.8 ± 2.21 ng/ml at 6 hr following administration, whereas the level remained at 13.3 ± 2.05 ng/ml in the control group administered via aqueous solution. This indicates that the three-layered capsules passed through the rumen and dissolved in the lower digestive tract, thus functioning as a rumen escapable tool.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Research, Local Incorporated Administrative Agency Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture, 442 Syakudo, Habikino, Osaka 583-0862, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seyama
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirayasu
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamawaki
authors.forename: Takuhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kasai
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002214:Capsules; D002417:Cattle; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation; D012417:Rumen; D013831:Thiamine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D013831:Thiamine