title: Associations Between Serum Inflammatory Markers and Hippocampal Volume in a Community Sample.
abstract: To quantify associations between inflammatory biomarkers and hippocampal volume (HV) and to examine effect modification according to sex, race, and age.
  
  
  
  Cross-sectional analyses using generalized estimating equations to account for familial clustering; standardized β-coefficients adjusted for age, sex, race, and education.
  
  
  
  Community cohorts in Jackson, Mississippi and Rochester, Minnesota.
  
  
  
  The Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy study.
  
  
  
  C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 (sTNFR-1) and 2 (sTNFR-2) from peripheral blood were measured in a sample of 773 non-Hispanic whites (61% women, aged 60.2 ± 9.8) and 514 African Americans (70% women, aged 63.9 ± 8.1) who also underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging. Biomarkers were standardized and compared according to sex, race and age with HV.
  
  
  
  In the full sample, higher sTNFR-1 and sTNFR-2 were associated with smaller HV. Each standard deviation (SD) increase in sTNFR-1 was associated with 59.1 mm(3) (95% confidence interval (CI) = -101.4 to -16.7 mm(3) ) smaller HV and each SD increase in sTNFR-2 associated with 48.8 mm(3) (95% CI = -92.2 to -5.3 mm(3) ) smaller HV. Relationships were stronger for sTNFR-2 in men (HV = -116.6 mm(3) for each SD increase, 95% CI = -201.0 to -32.1) than women (HV = -26.0 per SD increase, 95% CI = -72.4-20.5) and sTNFR-1 in non-Hispanic whites (HV = -84.7 mm(3) per SD increase, 95% CI = -142.2 to -27.1) than African Americans (HV = -14.1 mm(3) per SD increase, 95% CI = -78.3-50.1). Associations between IL-6 or CRP and HV were not supported.
  
  
  
  Higher levels of sTNFRs were associated cross-sectionally with smaller hippocampi. Longitudinal data are needed to determine whether these biomarkers may help to identify risk of late-life cognitive impairment.
authors.affiliation: Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.|Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.
authors.forename: Mike F
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4721-1457
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.
authors.forename: Kevin B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.
authors.forename: Beverly G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Windham
authors.affiliation: Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Griswold
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Iftikhar J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Kullo
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Stephen T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi. tmosley@umc.edu.
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Mosley
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size / Q000502:physiology; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: C508600:IL6 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: TNF
  α; hippocampus; inflammation