title: The high prevalence of impulse control behaviors in patients with early-onset Parkinson's disease: A cross-sectional multicenter study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Parkinson's disease patients, impulse control disorders (ICDs) have been associated with younger age and early disease onset, yet the prevalence of ICDs in early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) patients has yet to be studied. Thus, we set out to compare the prevalence of impulse control behaviors (ICBs) in a cohort of EOPD patients with that in age and gender matched healthy controls (HCs), as well as to analyze the association of these symptoms with the use of dopaminergic drugs and other clinical or demographic factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional, multicenter study was carried out on patients recruited from outpatient Movement Disorder Clinics, assessing ICBs using the short form of the Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease (QUIP). In addition, depression and quality of life (QoL) were measured, along with other demographic and clinical variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 87 EOPD patients, 49 (58.3%) displayed an ICB, as did 28 of the 87 HCs (32.9%; p=0.001). Most of the EOPD patients that displayed an ICB (91.8%) were medicated with a dopamine agonist (DA) and accordingly, DA treatment was associated with a 7-fold increased risk of developing an ICB. Patients with ICBs had a higher depression score and a worse QoL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ICBs are much more prevalent in EOPD patients than in HCs and they are associated with DA intake, depression and a worse QoL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hospital Fundacion Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: lvela@fhalcorcon.es.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vela
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Martínez Castrillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: García Ruiz
authors.affiliation: M CINAC- Hospital U HM Puerta del Sur, Mostoles. Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gasca-Salas
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hospital Fundacion Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Macías Macías
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hospital Fundacion Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pérez Fernández
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hospital U La Paz, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ybot
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lopez Valdés
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kurtis
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Posada Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mata
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hospital Nuestra Señora del Rosario, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruiz Huete
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hospital de Torrejón, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eimil
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hospital Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Borrue
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Del Val
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: López-Manzanares
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hospital Príncipe de Asturias - Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rojo Sebastian
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hospital de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marasescu
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D007174:Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D012306:Risk; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D018491:Dopamine Agonists
keywords: Dopamine agonist; Early-onset; Impulse control behavior; Impulse control disorders; Parkinson's disease; Quality of life