title: Exploring Post-Treatment Reversion of Antimicrobial Resistance in Enteric Bacteria of Food Animals as a Resistance Mitigation Strategy.
abstract: Antimicrobial drug use in food animals is associated with an elevation in relative abundance of bacteria resistant to the drug among the animal enteric bacteria. Some of these bacteria are potential foodborne pathogens. Evidence suggests that at least in the enteric nontype-specific Escherichia coli, after treatment the resistance abundance reverts to the background pre-treatment levels, without further interventions. We hypothesize that it is possible to define the distribution of the time period after treatment within which resistance to the administered drug, and possibly other drugs in case of coselection, in fecal bacteria of the treated animals returns to the background pre-treatment levels. Furthermore, it is possible that a novel resistance mitigation strategy for microbiological food safety could be developed based on this resistance reversion phenomenon. The strategy would be conceptually similar to existing antimicrobial drug withdrawal periods, which is a well-established and accepted mitigation strategy for avoiding violative drug residues in the edible products from the treated animals. For developing resistance-relevant withdrawals, a mathematical framework can be used to join the necessary pharmacological, microbiological, and animal production components to project the distributions of the post-treatment resistance reversion periods in the production animal populations for major antimicrobial drug classes in use. The framework can also help guide design of empirical studies into the resistance-relevant withdrawal periods and development of mitigation approaches to reduce the treatment-associated elevation of resistance in animal enteric bacteria. We outline this framework, schematically and through exemplar equations, and how its components could be formulated.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas.
authors.forename: Victoriya V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Volkova
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas.
authors.forename: Butch
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: KuKanich
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas.
authors.forename: Jim E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Riviere
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000592:standards / Q000633:toxicity; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D055317:Evidence-Based Practice; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D059022:Food Safety; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D058751:Livestock / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D055502:Secondary Prevention / Q000592:standards; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents
keywords: antimicrobial resistance ecology; antimicrobial resistance in bacteria of animal origin; antimicrobial use in livestock; population pharmacokinetics; pre-harvest food safety