title: In Vivo Endoluminal Ultrasound Biomicroscopy and Endoscopy of Inflamed Rat Esophagus.
abstract: The development of high-frequency endoscopic ultrasound for the investigation of models of esophageal disease may offer insights for future translation to human imaging. With respect to small animal models of esophageal diseases, ultrasound imaging instrumentation must employ frequencies scaled up to maintain the compromise between image resolution and inspected region. In this sense, a 40-MHz endoluminal ultrasound biomicroscopy (eUBM) system and an endoscope were tested as diagnostic methods of imaging rat esophageal lesions in the acute and chronic phases caused by sodium hydroxide. Although endoscopy allowed grading of the esophagus in accordance with a classification specific to the epithelial alterations and including hyperemia, edema, exudates, fibrin and superficial and deep ulcerations, the eUBM images yielded the detection of superficial and deep ulcerations, as well as wall alterations caused by edema and inflammatory infiltrate in the submucosa. Additionally, eUBM enabled wall thickness measurements, which were statistically significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the acute phase.
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Magalhães Gomes
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Unit, Universidade Estadual da Zona Oeste, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rossana C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Soletti
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mônica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soldan
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kalil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Madi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: F Stuart
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Electronic address: jcm@peb.ufrj.br.
authors.forename: João C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Machado
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D004941:Esophagitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D004947:Esophagus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D033401:Microscopy, Acoustic / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
keywords: Animal model; Biomicroscopy; Endoscopy; Esophagitis; Rat; Ultrasound