title: Prosteatotic and Protective Components in a Unique Model of Fatty Liver: Gut Microbiota and Suppressed Complement System.
abstract: Goose can develop severe hepatic steatosis without overt injury, thus it may serve as a unique model for uncovering how steatosis-related injury is prevented. To identify the markedly prosteatotic and protective mechanisms, we performed an integrated analysis of liver transcriptomes and gut microbial metagenomes using samples collected from overfed and normally-fed geese at different time points. The results indicated that the fatty liver transcriptome, initially featuring a 'metabolism' pathway, was later joined by 'cell growth and death' and 'immune diseases' pathways. Gut microbiota played a synergistic role in the liver response as microbial and hepatic genes affected by overfeeding shared multiple pathways. Remarkably, the complement system, an inflammatory component, was comprehensively suppressed in fatty liver, which was partially due to increased blood lactic acid from enriched Lactobacillus. Data from in vitro studies suggested that lactic acid suppressed TNFα via the HNF1α/C5 pathway. In conclusion, gut microbes and their hosts respond to excess energy influx as an organic whole, severe steatosis and related tolerance of goose liver may be partially attributable to gut microbiotic products and suppressed complement system, and lactic acid from gut microbiota participates in the suppression of hepatic TNFα/inflammation through the HNF1α/C5 pathway.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
authors.forename: Qianqian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
authors.forename: Yihui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
authors.forename: Tuoyu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
authors.forename: Daoqing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D005777:Geese; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D051538:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D054892:Metagenome; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism; D059467:Transcriptome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051538:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha; D035683:MicroRNAs; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019344:Lactic Acid; D003165:Complement System Proteins