title: RNA sequencing from neural ensembles activated during fear conditioning in the mouse temporal association cortex.
abstract: The stable formation of remote fear memories is thought to require neuronal gene induction in cortical ensembles that are activated during learning. However, the set of genes expressed specifically in these activated ensembles is not known; knowledge of such transcriptional profiles may offer insights into the molecular program underlying stable memory formation. Here we use RNA-Seq to identify genes whose expression is enriched in activated cortical ensembles labeled during associative fear learning. We first establish that mouse temporal association cortex (TeA) is required for remote recall of auditory fear memories. We then perform RNA-Seq in TeA neurons that are labeled by the activity reporter Arc-dVenus during learning. We identify 944 genes with enriched expression in Arc-dVenus+ neurons. These genes include markers of L2/3, L5b, and L6 excitatory neurons but not glial or inhibitory markers, confirming Arc-dVenus to be an excitatory neuron-specific but non-layer-specific activity reporter. Cross comparisons to other transcriptional profiles show that 125 of the enriched genes are also activity-regulated in vitro or induced by visual stimulus in the visual cortex, suggesting that they may be induced generally in the cortex in an experience-dependent fashion. Prominent among the enriched genes are those encoding potassium channels that down-regulate neuronal activity, suggesting the possibility that part of the molecular program induced by fear conditioning may initiate homeostatic plasticity.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Genetics Department, 77 Ave Louis Pasteur NRB Room 356, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Jin-Hyung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Genetics Department, 77 Ave Louis Pasteur NRB Room 356, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.|University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Ben S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Genetics Department, 77 Ave Louis Pasteur NRB Room 356, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Jesse M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gray
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003214:Conditioning, Classical; D005239:Fear; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006706:Homeostasis; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D012313:RNA / Q000032:analysis*; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D012313:RNA