title: Molecular surveillance of traditional and emerging pathogens associated with canine infectious respiratory disease.
abstract: A molecular survey for traditional and emerging pathogens associated with canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) was conducted in Italy between 2011 and 2013 on a total of 138 dogs, including 78 early acute clinically ill CIRD animals, 22 non-clinical but exposed to clinically ill CIRD dogs and 38 CIRD convalescent dogs. The results showed that canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV) was the most commonly detected CIRD pathogen, followed by canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV), Bordetella bronchiseptica, Mycoplasma cynos, Mycoplasma canis and canine pneumovirus (CnPnV). Some classical CIRD agents, such as canine adenoviruses, canine distemper virus and canid herpesvirus 1, were not detected at all, as were not other emerging respiratory viruses (canine influenza virus, canine hepacivirus) and bacteria (Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus). Most severe forms of respiratory disease were observed in the presence of CPIV, CRCoV and M. cynos alone or in combination with other pathogens, whereas single CnPnV or M. canis infections were detected in dogs with no or very mild respiratory signs. Interestingly, only the association of M. cynos (alone or in combination with either CRCoV or M. canis) with severe clinical forms was statistically significant. The study, while confirming CPIV as the main responsible for CIRD occurrence, highlights the increasing role of recently discovered viruses, such as CRCoV and CnPnV, for which effective vaccines are not available in the market.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy. Electronic address: nicola.decaro@uniba.it.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Decaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mari
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Larocca
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Losurdo
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianvito
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lanave
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Stella
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lucente
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Marialaura
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Corrente
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Catella
authors.affiliation: Veterinari Associati, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bo
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Elia
authors.affiliation: ASL BAT, Barletta, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Torre
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grandolfo
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Vito
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martella
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Canio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buonavoglia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D060085:Coinfection; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission; D004285:Dogs; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology
keywords: Dog; Molecular survey; Pathogens; Respiratory disease