title: Achillea schurii Flowers: Chemical, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Investigations.
abstract: This study aims to evaluate the phenolic profile, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Achillea schurii Sch.-Bip., an endemic species from Romania that has not been investigated yet. The chromatographic profile of the phenolic components was obtained using the HPLC-MS method, while the total polyphenol, flavonoid, caffeic acid derivative contents were quantified using spectrophotometric methods. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using different methods: DPPH radical scavenging, hemoglobin ascorbate peroxidase activity inhibition (HAPX), inhibition of lipid peroxidation catalyzed by cytochrome c, and direct detection of plant-derived free radicals using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The antimicrobial test was performed using the disk diffusion assay. The phenolic profile has revealed high amounts of isoquercitrin, rutin, luteolin, and apigenin. The A. schurii extract exhibited a good antioxidant capacity, and high phenolic contents (76.93 mg/g polyphenols, 18.61 mg/g flavonoids and 41.48 mg/g caffeic acid derivatives, respectively). The antimicrobial tests reveal a remarkable inhibitory activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhimurium. Considering the above, A. schurii may be deemed to offer good perspectives for pharmaceutical and industrial applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 I. Creangă Street, Cluj-Napoca 400010, Romania. dbenedec@umfcluj.ro.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Benedec
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 I. Creangă Street, Cluj-Napoca 400010, Romania. dhanganu@umfcluj.ro.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hanganu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 I. Creangă Street, Cluj-Napoca 400010, Romania. ioniga@umfcluj.ro.
authors.forename: Ilioara
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oniga
authors.affiliation: Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, Cluj-Napoca 400349, Romania. lfilip@umfcluj.ro.
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Filip
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, "Babeş-Bolyai" University, 11 A. Janos Street, Cluj-Napoca 400028, Romania. cbischin@chem.ubbcluj.ro.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bischin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, "Babeş-Bolyai" University, 11 A. Janos Street, Cluj-Napoca 400028, Romania. rsilaghi@chem.ubbcluj.ro.
authors.forename: Radu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Silaghi-Dumitrescu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 V. Babeş Street, Cluj-Napoca 400012, Romania. btiperciuc@umfcluj.ro.
authors.forename: Brînduşa
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tiperciuc
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 I. Creanga Street, Cluj-Napoca 400010, Romania. laurian.vlase@umfcluj.ro.
authors.forename: Laurian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vlase
mesh_terms: D031162:Achillea / Q000737:chemistry*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000737:chemistry; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry*; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D005609:Free Radicals; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D045304:Cytochromes c
keywords: Achillea schurii; antimicrobial; antioxidant; cytochrome c; hemoglobin; polyphenols