title: Aircraft measurements of SO2, NOx, CO, and O3 over the coastal and offshore area of Yellow Sea of China.
abstract: In order to investigate long-range transport of the air pollution in the East Asia, air pollutants, including SO2, NOx, CO, and O3, were observed by aircraft measurement over the coastal and offshore area of Yellow Sea of China in April 2011. NOx and SO2 seemed to become moderate in recent years, and the concentrations during the whole observations ranged from 0.49 to 9.57 ppb and from 0.10 to 16.02 ppb, respectively. The high concentrations of CO were measured with an average value of 0.98 ppm. The measured O3 average concentration was 76.25 ppb, which showed a higher level comparing with the results from some previous studies. Most of the results for the concentration values generally followed the typical characteristic of vertical and spatial distribution, which were "low altitude > high altitude" and "land/coastal > sea," respectively. Transport of polluted air mass from the continent to the aircraft measurement area was confirmed in some days during the observation by the meteorological analysis, while the measurement results supposed to represent the background level of the pollutants in rest days. Additionally, some small-scale air pollution plumes were observed. Significant positive correlations between NOx and SO2 indicated that these two species originated from the same region. On the other hand, good positive correlations between NOx and O3 found during 2-day flight suggested that the O3 formation was probably under "NOx-limited" regime in these days.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China. wangxh@craes.org.cn.
authors.forename: Xinhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
authors.forename: Lihong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
authors.forename: Youjiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
authors.forename: Zhipeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000392:Air Movements; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D000401:Aircraft; D000531:Altitude; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000032:analysis; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D010126:Ozone / Q000032:analysis; D012621:Seasons; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D010126:Ozone; D002248:Carbon Monoxide
keywords: Aircraft measurement; East Asia; Gaseous pollutants; Long-range transport; Yellow Sea