title: Anaphylaxis.
abstract: Anaphylaxis is an acute, systemic reaction mediated by immunoglobulin E hypersensitivity. Release of bioactive factors causes vasodilation and bronchiole constriction that can lead to hypotensive shock and asphyxiation. Differential diagnosis includes acute asthma, localized angioedema, syncope, and anxiety/panic attacks. Diagnostic tests lack specificity. Clinical diagnosis is based on demonstration of specific airway or cardiovascular compromise within proximity of allergen exposure. Treatment includes epinephrine, antihistamines, fluid resuscitation, and airway management. Prevention focuses on awareness/avoidance of triggers, implementation of personalized action plans, as well as immune modulation by desensitization in a closely controlled setting where available.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Papalia
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA. Electronic address: Pujalte.George@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: George G A
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Pujalte
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000367:Age Factors; D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000453:epidemiology; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006633:Histamine Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000276:immunology; D015994:Incidence; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D006633:Histamine Antagonists; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D004837:Epinephrine
keywords: Allergen; Anaphylaxis; Angioedema; Bronchospasm; Epinephrine; Hypersensitivity; IgE; Shock