title: Change in Dietary Patterns and Change in Waist Circumference and DXA Trunk Fat Among Postmenopausal Women.
abstract: To examine whether changes in diet quality predict changes in central adiposity among postmenopausal women.
  
  
  
  At baseline and 3-year follow-up, Women's Health Initiative Observational Study participants completed food frequency questionnaires, and waist circumference was measured (WC, n = 67,175). In a subset, trunk fat was measured via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA, n = 4,254). Using multivariable linear regression, 3-year changes in dietary patterns (Healthy Eating Index-2010, Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010, Alternate Mediterranean Diet, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) were examined as predictors of concurrent changes in WC and, secondarily, DXA.
  
  
  
  Mean (SD) age and 3-year changes in weight and WC were 63 (7) years, 0.52 (4.26) kg, and 0.94 (6.65) cm. A 10% increase in any dietary pattern score, representing improved diet quality, was associated with 0.07 to 0.43 cm smaller increase in WC over 3 years (all P < 0.05). After adjusting for weight change, associations attenuated to 0.02 to 0.10 cm but remained statistically significant for all patterns except Alternate Mediterranean Diet. Results were similar for DXA trunk fat.
  
  
  
  Three-year improvements in diet quality are modestly protective against gain in WC and partially explained by lesser weight gain. Achieving and maintaining a healthful diet after menopause may protect against gains in central adiposity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA. elizabeth.m.cespedes@kp.org.
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Cespedes Feliciano
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Lesley
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tinker
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: JoAnn E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Manson
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Allison
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rohan
authors.affiliation: Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Oleg
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zaslavsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.|Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Molly E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Waring
authors.affiliation: Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asao
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Milagros
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosal
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Marian L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Neuhouser
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D004032:Diet; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology*; D060726:Torso / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D055105:Waist Circumference / Q000502:physiology*