title: Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Is Associated With Asymptomatic Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of asymptomatic sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to determine the association between SNHL and demographic, clinical, and laboratory features and cardiovascular risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional study including consecutive female SLE patients. We performed audiometry and clinical and laboratory evaluation and determined cardiovascular risk factors in all patients. Statistical analysis included principal component analysis and logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-nine women were included with mean age of 38.98 (SD, 7.77) years and mean disease duration of 10.29 (SD, 9.19) years. Asymptomatic SNHL was observed in 14 patients (16%). In logistic regression model, only low-density lipoprotein levels (z = 2.64; P = 0.008) were associated with SNHL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed asymptomatic SNHL in 16% of SLE and an association with low-density lipoprotein levels suggesting atherosclerosis as a mechanism. Follow-up is needed to determine clinical implications.
authors.affiliation: From the *Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, and †Otolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medical Science, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Luisa V
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Calonga
authors.forename: Aline T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Lapa
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Postal
authors.forename: Nailu A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Sinicato
authors.forename: Karina O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Peliçari
authors.forename: Fernando A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Peres
authors.forename: João Paulo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soki
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Appenzeller
authors.forename: Lilian T L
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Costallat
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001299:Audiometry / Q000379:methods; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D063189:Symptom Assessment / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL