title: Antipsychotic medications and dental caries in newly diagnosed schizophrenia: A nationwide cohort study.
abstract: We investigated the association between antipsychotic medications and the risk of dental caries in patients with schizophrenia. We enroled a nationwide cohort of patients with newly diagnosed schizophrenia within 1 year of dental caries development. Exposure to antipsychotics and other medications was categorised according to their type and duration, and the association between exposure and dental caries was assessed through logistic regressions. Of the 3610 patients with newly diagnosed schizophrenia, 2149 (59.5%) exhibited an incidence of treated dental caries. Logistic regression analysis identified a younger age, female sex, high income, a 2-year history of dental caries, and exposure to first-generation antipsychotics, and antihypertensives as independent risk factors for treated dental caries in patients with schizophrenia. Hyposalivation, the adverse effect of first-generation antipsychotics and antihypertensives, was associated with an increased risk of treated dental caries. However, hypersalivation from first-generation antipsychotics for dental caries was associated with a protective factor. These findings suggest that clinicians should pay attention to the aforementioned risk factors for dental caries in patients with schizophrenia, particularly while prescribing first-generation antipsychotics and antihypertensives to such patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Periodontics, Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kai-Fang
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontics, Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Hsiang
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yen-Hsia
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kun-Pin
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical College, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. Electronic address: faanvangogh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jui-Hsiu
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pinchen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Hsin
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Hung Richard
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065840:Protective Factors; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013624:Taiwan; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents
keywords: Antipsychotics; Dental caries; Hypersalivation; Hyposalivation; Schizophrenia