title: Management Strategies for Flu-Like Symptoms and Injection-Site Reactions Associated with Peginterferon Beta-1a: Obtaining Recommendations Using the Delphi Technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Flu-like symptoms (FLSs) and injection-site reactions (ISRs) have been reported with interferon beta treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS). We sought to obtain consensus on the characteristics/management of FLSs/ISRs in patients with relapsing-remitting MS based on experiences from the randomized, placebo-controlled ADVANCE study of peginterferon beta-1a.
  
  
  METHODS
  ADVANCE investigators with a predefined number of enrolled patients were eligible to participate in a consensus-generating exercise using a modified Delphi method. An independent steering committee oversaw the development of two sequential Delphi questionnaires. An average rating (AR) of 2.7 or more was defined as consensus a priori.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty and 29 investigators (ie, responders) completed questionnaires 1 and 2, respectively, representing 374 patients from ADVANCE. Responders reported that the incidence/duration of FLSs/ISRs in their typical patient generally declined after 3 months of treatment. Responders reached consensus that FLSs typically last up to 24 hours (AR = 3.17) and have mild/moderate effects on activities of daily living (AR = 3.34). Patients should initiate acetaminophen/nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug treatment on a scheduled basis (AR = 3.31) and change the timing of injection (AR = 3.28) to manage FLSs. Injection-site rotation/cooling and drug administration at room temperature (all AR ≥ 3.10) were recommended for managing ISRs. Patient education on FLSs/ISRs was advocated before treatment initiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Delphi responders agreed on the management strategies for FLSs/ISRs and agreed that patient education is critical to set treatment expectations and promote adherence.
authors.forename: June
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Halper
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Centonze
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Newsome
authors.forename: DeRen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Xiaojun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sabatella
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Evilevitch
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leahy