title: CBCT-Aided Microscopic and Ultrasonic Treatment for Upper or Middle Thirds Calcified Root Canals.
abstract: Root canal calcification is considered a great challenge during root canal treatment. Although the application of ultrasonic instruments and dental operating microscope (DOM) has advantages, dealing with calcified root canals still suffers a great risk of failure because of limited information about the location, length, and direction of obliteration on periapical radiographs. In this work, a cone-beam computed tomography- (CBCT-) aided method aimed at solving complicated calcified root canals in which conventional approaches could not work was proposed. Thirteen teeth with sixteen calcified canals (12 calcified in the upper third, 4 calcified in the middle third), which cannot be negotiated with conventional methods, were treated with the aid of CBCT. The location of calcification and depth of instrumentation and operating direction were calculated and assessed in three dimensions with ultrasonic instruments under DOM. In all thirteen teeth, canals with upper and middle thirds calcification were treated successfully. Finally, a guideline was proposed to help achieve consistent apical patency in calcified canals.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
authors.forename: Ying-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
authors.forename: Li-Yang
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Ling
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5284-9554
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0418-1246
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D003784:Dental Pulp Calcification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy