title: Salvage therapies in relapsed and/or refractory myeloma: what is current and what is the future?
abstract: The treatment landscape for multiple myeloma (MM) is evolving with our understanding of its pathophysiology. However, given the inevitable cohort heterogeneity in salvage therapy, response to treatment and overall prognoses tend to vary widely, making meaningful conclusions about treatment efficacy difficult to derive. Despite the hurdles in current research, progress is underway toward more targeted therapeutic approaches. Several new drugs with novel mechanism of action and less toxic profile have been developed in the past decade, with the potential for use as single agents or in synergy with other treatment modalities in MM therapy. As our discovery of these emerging therapies progresses, so too does our need to reshape our knowledge on knowing how to apply them. This review highlights some of the recent landmark changes in MM management with specific emphasis on salvage drugs available for relapsed and refractory MM and also discusses some of the upcoming cutting-edge therapies that are currently in various stages of clinical development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine.
authors.forename: Nishitha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Thumallapally
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine.
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine.
authors.forename: Divya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Asti
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine.
authors.forename: Adarsh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vennepureddy
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology and Oncology, Staten Island University Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Terenig
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Terjanian
keywords: multiple myeloma; novel drugs; relapsed and refractory myeloma; salvage chemotherapy