title: Influenza Virus Induces Inflammatory Response in Mouse Primary Cortical Neurons with Limited Viral Replication.
abstract: Unlike stereotypical neurotropic viruses, influenza A viruses have been detected in the brain tissues of human and animal models. To investigate the interaction between neurons and influenza A viruses, mouse cortical neurons were isolated, infected with human H1N1 influenza virus, and then examined for the production of various inflammatory molecules involved in immune response. We found that replication of the influenza virus in neurons was limited, although early viral transcription was not affected. Virus-induced neuron viability decreased at 6 h postinfection (p.i.) but increased at 24 h p.i. depending upon the viral strain. Virus-induced apoptosis and cytopathy in primary cortical neurons were not apparent at 24 h p.i. The mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and type I interferons were upregulated at 6 h and 24 h p.i. These results indicate that the influenza virus induces inflammatory response in mouse primary cortical neurons with limited viral replication. The cytokines released in viral infection-induced neuroinflammation might play critical roles in influenza encephalopathy, rather than in viral replication-induced cytopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
authors.forename: Gefei
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3070-3586
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5127-8668
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
authors.forename: Zhiwu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
authors.forename: Yanxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8304-8207
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
authors.forename: Kangsheng
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7743-4024
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology*; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000502:physiology*; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins