title: Assessing Initial Validity and Reliability of a Beverage Intake Questionnaire in Hispanic Preschool-Aged Children.
abstract: Understanding the relationship between high-calorie beverage consumption and weight gain requires an accurate report of dietary intake. A critical need exists to develop and test the psychometrics of brief quantitative tools for minority pediatric populations.
  
  
  
  To modify the adult beverage intake questionnaire (BEVQ-15) for Hispanic preschool-aged children (BEVQ-PS) and test its validity and test-retest reliability in children aged 3 to 5 years.
  
  
  
  Cross-sectional. The modified quantitative 12-beverage category questionnaire assessed consumption of water, fruit juice, sweetened juice drinks, whole milk, reduced-fat milk, low-fat milk, flavored milk, carbonated sweetened drinks, diet carbonated drinks, sweet tea, tea with or without artificial sweetener, and sport drinks consumed during the past month. Hispanic mothers (n=109) recruited from day-care centers provided one 4-day food intake record (FIR) and completed two BEVQ-PS surveys during a 2-week period for their preschool-aged child. Data collection was conducted through one-on-one interviews in Spanish. Validity was assessed by comparing amounts (in grams) and energy intake (in kilocalories) for each beverage category between the first BEVQ-PS and the mean of the FIRs using paired t tests and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Criteria for validity were nonsignificant mean differences in grams and kilocalories from the first BEVQ-PS and mean of the FIRs beverage categories, and significant correlation coefficients between beverage categories. Test-retest reliability was assessed by comparing grams and kilocalories for each beverage category in the first BEVQ-PS with those from the second BEVQ-PS using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The criterion for reliability was a significant correlation coefficient between beverage categories. Significance was set at P<0.05.
  
  
  
  Mean differences between the first BEVQ-PS and FIR for water (42.4±23.1 g), sweetened juice drinks (-1.6±11.0 g), whole milk (18.3±9.91 g), sweetened carbonated drinks (-13.0±7.9 g), and total sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) (1.4±8.9 g) were not significantly different, but were significantly correlated (r=0.20 to 0.37; P<0.05). Thus, validity criteria were met. With the exception of flavored milk and tea with or without artificial sweeteners, the remaining beverage categories-total beverages and SSB-in the first BEVQ-PS were correlated with those from the second BEVQ-PS (r=0.20 to 0.68; P<0.05), meeting reliability criteria.
  
  
  
  Researchers and clinicians may use the BEVQ-PS to assess SSB, water, and whole-milk intake in Hispanic children. Additional modifications should be evaluated to assess total beverage intake.
authors.forename: Karina R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Lora
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Davy
authors.forename: Valisa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hedrick
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ferris
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Dorothy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wakefield
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004034:Diet Surveys; D002149:Energy Intake; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D064427:Nutritive Sweeteners / Q000008:administration & dosage; D064787:Portion Size; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D064427:Nutritive Sweeteners
keywords: Beverages; Hispanic; Preschoolers; Reliability; Validity