title: Multicollinearity is a red herring in the search for moderator variables: A guide to interpreting moderated multiple regression models and a critique of Iacobucci, Schneider, Popovich, and Bakamitsos (2016).
abstract: Multicollinearity is irrelevant to the search for moderator variables, contrary to the implications of Iacobucci, Schneider, Popovich, and Bakamitsos (Behavior Research Methods, 2016, this issue). Multicollinearity is like the red herring in a mystery novel that distracts the statistical detective from the pursuit of a true moderator relationship. We show multicollinearity is completely irrelevant for tests of moderator variables. Furthermore, readers of Iacobucci et al. might be confused by a number of their errors. We note those errors, but more positively, we describe a variety of methods researchers might use to test and interpret their moderated multiple regression models, including two-stage testing, mean-centering, spotlighting, orthogonalizing, and floodlighting without regard to putative issues of multicollinearity. We cite a number of recent studies in the psychological literature in which the researchers used these methods appropriately to test, to interpret, and to report their moderated multiple regression models. We conclude with a set of recommendations for the analysis and reporting of moderated multiple regression that should help researchers better understand their models and facilitate generalizations across studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, CB 345, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309-0345, USA. gary.mcclelland@colorado.edu.
authors.forename: Gary H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: McClelland
authors.affiliation: University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Julie R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.affiliation: Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Disatnik
authors.affiliation: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Liron
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sivan
mesh_terms: D034462:Dissent and Disputes; D015987:Effect Modifier, Epidemiologic; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012107:Research Design
keywords: Interactions; Moderated multiple regression; Multicollinearity; Regression analysis; Tutorial