title: Comparative Studies of Actin- and Rho-Specific ADP-Ribosylating Toxins: Insight from Structural Biology.
abstract: Mono-ADP-ribosylation is a major post-translational modification performed by bacterial toxins, which transfer an ADP-ribose moiety to a substrate acceptor residue. Actin- and Rho-specific ADP-ribosylating toxins (ARTs) are typical ARTs known to have very similar tertiary structures but totally different targets. Actin-specific ARTs are the A components of binary toxins, ADP-ribosylate actin at Arg177, leading to the depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton. On the other hand, C3-like exoenzymes are Rho-specific ARTs, ADP-ribosylate Rho GTPases at Asn41, exerting an indirect effect on the actin cytoskeleton. This review focuses on the differences and similarities of actin- and Rho-specific ARTs, especially with respect to their substrate recognition and cell entry mechanisms, based on structural studies.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan. tsuge@cc.kyoto-su.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuge
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsurumura
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiyuki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toda
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Waraphan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Toniti
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose