title: Water Concentration Analysis by Raman Spectroscopy to Determine the Location of the Tumor Border in Oral Cancer Surgery.
abstract: Adequate resection of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) means complete tumor removal with a clear margin of more than 5 mm. For OCSCC, 85% of the surgical resections appear inadequate. Raman spectroscopy is an objective and fast tool that can provide real-time information about the molecular composition of tissue and has the potential to provide an objective and fast intraoperative assessment of the entire resection surface. A previous study demonstrated that OCSCC can be discriminated from healthy surrounding tissue based on the higher water concentration in tumor. In this study, we investigated how the water concentration changes across the tumor border toward the healthy surrounding tissue on freshly excised specimens from the oral cavity. Experiments were performed on tissue sections from 20 patients undergoing surgery for OCSCC. A transition from a high to a lower water concentration, from tumor (76% ± 8% of water) toward healthy surrounding tissue (54% ± 24% of water), takes place over a distance of about 4 to 6 mm across the tumor border. This was accompanied by an increase of the heterogeneity of the water concentration in the surrounding healthy tissue. The water concentration distributions between the regions were significantly different (P < 0.0001). This new finding highlights the potential of Raman spectroscopy for objective intraoperative assessment of the resection margins. Cancer Res; 76(20); 5945-53. ©2016 AACR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care, and Orthodontics, Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Elisa M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Barroso
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Roeland W H
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Smits
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cornelia G F
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: van Lanschot
authors.affiliation: Center for Optical Diagnostics & Therapy, Department of Dermatology, Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. RiverD International BV, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Caspers
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care, and Orthodontics, Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ten Hove
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care, and Orthodontics, Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hetty
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mast
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Aniel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sewnaik
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hardillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cees A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Meeuwis
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Verdijk
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Noordhoek Hegt
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Baatenburg de Jong
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care, and Orthodontics, Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eppo B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Wolvius
authors.affiliation: Center for Optical Diagnostics & Therapy, Department of Dermatology, Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. RiverD International BV, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. t.bakkerschut@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: Tom C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Bakker Schut
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Senada
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koljenović
authors.affiliation: Center for Optical Diagnostics & Therapy, Department of Dermatology, Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. RiverD International BV, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gerwin J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Puppels
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014867:Water