title: Trends in diabetes in pregnancy in Sweden 1998-2012.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diabetes in pregnancy has been shown to increase in parallel with the increasing prevalence of obesity. In this national population-based study, we analyzed the trends for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), type 1 diabetes in pregnancy, and type 2 diabetes in pregnancy in Sweden between 1998 and 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based cohort study using the Swedish national medical birth registry data. The time periods were categorized into 3-year intervals and adjusted for maternal body mass index (BMI), ethnicity, and age in a logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each type of diabetes increased over the studied 15-year period. Type 1 diabetes increased by 33.2% (22.2-45.3) and type 2 diabetes by 111% (62.2-174.4) in the adjusted model. Nordic women had the highest prevalence of type 1 diabetes (0·47%) compared with other ethnic groups. The increase in GDM and, to a lesser extent, type 2 diabetes was explained by country of birth, BMI, and maternal age. The prevalence of GDM in Nordic women (0.7-0.8%) did not increase significantly over the time period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All types of diabetes in pregnancy increased over the 15-year time period in Sweden. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI remains the key factor explaining the increase in GDM/type 2 diabetes. How to turn around the growing prevalence of diabetes in pregnancy, with its short-term and long-term health effects on both mother and child, requires population-based interventions that reduce the likelihood of entering pregnancy with a raised BMI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , School of Medical Health and Sciences, Örebro University , Örebro Sweden.
authors.forename: Helena E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Fadl
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Western Sydney University , Campbelltown, New South Wales , Australia.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Simmons
keywords: Ethnicity; Gestational Diabetes Mellitus; Pregestational Diabetes; Pregnancy