title: Multilocus phylogenetic reconstruction of the Clavariaceae (Agaricales) reveals polyphyly of agaricoid members.
abstract: The genus Camarophyllopsis contains species with lamellate (agaricoid) basidiomes in the family Clavariaceae (Agaricales), a group otherwise dominated by club-like (clavarioid) or branched (coralloid) forms. Previous studies have suggested that species classified in Camarophyllopsis occur in two independent lineages. We reconstructed a multilocus phylogeny of the Clavaria-Camarophyllopsis-Clavicorona clade in the Clavariaceae using RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), nuclear ribosomal 28S, and nuclear ribosomal ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions data and detected three independent groups of agaricoid fungi, including the genera Camarophyllopsis, Hodophilus, and Lamelloclavaria gen. nov, which distinctly differ in their pileipellis structure. In all, nine major lineages within the Clavaria-Camarophyllopsis-Clavicorona clade were recovered: Clavaria sensu stricto, Camarophyllopsis sensu stricto, Hodophilus, the Clavaria pullei clade, the Clavaria fumosa clade, Lamelloclavaria gen. nov., the Clavaria atrofusca clade, Holocoryne (= Clavaria sect. Holocoryne), and Clavicorona Clavaria is paraphyletic and represented by five clades. Additional gene sampling is necessary to determine and confirm relatedness of these lineages before splitting Clavaria into additional genera.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 332 Hesler, Biology Building, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1610.
authors.forename: Joshua M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Birkebak
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 332 Hesler, Biology Building, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1610 slavomir.adamcik@savba.sk.
authors.forename: Slavomír
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adamčík
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 332 Hesler, Biology Building, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1610.
authors.forename: Brian P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Looney
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 332 Hesler, Biology Building, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1610.
authors.forename: P Brandon
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Matheny
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000235:genetics; D012339:RNA, Ribosomal, 28S / Q000235:genetics; D012340:RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D012339:RNA, Ribosomal, 28S; D012340:RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S; D012319:RNA Polymerase II; C410949:RNA polymerase II largest subunit
keywords: Agaricomycetes; Basidiomycota; evolution; systematics