title: Low Physical Activity and Its Association with Diabetes and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study.
abstract: Low physical activity (PA), or sedentary lifestyle, is associated with the development of several chronic diseases. We aimed to investigate current prevalence of sedentariness and its association with diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors. PA was evaluated in a population-based, cross-sectional, randomly sampled study conducted in 2009-2010 in Spain. International Physical Activity Questionnaire (SF-IPAQ) was used to assess PA. 4991 individuals (median age 50 years, 57% women) were studied. Prevalence of sedentariness was 32.3% for men and 39% for women (p < 0.0001). Sex differences were particularly notable (age*sex interaction, p = 0.0024) at early and older ages. Sedentary individuals had higher BMI (28 vs. 27 kg/m2) and obesity prevalence (37 vs. 26%). Low PA was present in 44, 43, and 38% of individuals with known diabetes (KDM), prediabetes/unknown-diabetes (PREDM/UKDM), and normal glucose regulation (p = 0.0014), respectively. No difference between KDM and PREDM/UKDM (p = 0.72) was found. Variables independently associated (p < 0.05) with sedentariness were age, sex, BMI, central obesity, Mediterranean diet adherence, smoking habit, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and dyslipidemia. Low PA is on the rise in Spain, especially among women. Sedentariness is associated with several cardiovascular risk factors and may be responsible for the increasing prevalence of obesity and diabetes in this country.
authors.affiliation: CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain.|IDIBAPS-August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute / Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brugnara
authors.affiliation: CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain.|IDIBAPS-August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute / Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Serafín
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murillo
authors.affiliation: CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain.|IDIBAPS-August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute / Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Novials
authors.affiliation: CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain.|Hospital Universitario Carlos Haya, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rojo-Martínez
authors.affiliation: CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain.|Hospital Universitario Carlos Haya, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Soriguer
authors.affiliation: Hospital del Mar, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goday
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calle-Pascual
authors.affiliation: CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain.|Hospital Universitario de Cruces, UPV-EHU, Diabetes Research Group, Baracaldo, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Castaño
authors.affiliation: CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain.|Hospital Universitario de Cruces, UPV-EHU, Diabetes Research Group, Baracaldo, Spain.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gaztambide
authors.affiliation: CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain.|Hospital Universitario Carlos Haya, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Valdés
authors.affiliation: EAP Raval Sud, Institut Català de la Salut, Red GEDAPS, IDIAP, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Franch
authors.affiliation: Public Health Division, Autonomous Government of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Conxa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Castell
authors.affiliation: CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vendrell
authors.affiliation: CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain.|IDIBAPS-August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute / Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Roser
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Casamitjana
authors.affiliation: CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain.|IDIBAPS-August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute / Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bosch-Comas
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bordiú
authors.affiliation: CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Medicine and Endocrinology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carmena
authors.affiliation: CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Medicine and Endocrinology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Catalá
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.affiliation: Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Girbés
authors.affiliation: Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Spain.
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López-Alba
authors.affiliation: CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain.|CIBEROBN-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity.
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Martínez-Larrad
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
authors.forename: Edelmiro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Menéndez
authors.affiliation: Canarian Health Service, San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mora-Peces
authors.affiliation: CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain.|IDIBAPS-August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute / Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pascual-Manich
authors.affiliation: CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain.|Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serrano-Ríos
authors.affiliation: CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain.|IDIBAPS-August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute / Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gomis
authors.affiliation: CIBEROBN-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity.|Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, ICMDM, Hospital Clinic Barcelona.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ortega
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012737:Sex Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult