title: Restricted access supramolecular solvents for sample treatment in enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay of mycotoxins in food.
abstract: A restricted access supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS-RAM) made up of tetradecanoic acid reverse micelles is proposed as a wide-scope and low-cost strategy for the treatment of agrifood samples prior to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The approach was assessed for the determination of ochratoxin A (OTA) in wines and spices and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in cereals, two ubiquitous mycotoxins that were selected as representative contaminants for this study. The samples were selected to cover a variety of matrices in terms diverse composition and high complexity. Macromolecules such as proteins and carbohydrates were not-co-extracted due to the restricted access properties of the SUPRAS that are provided by chemical and physical mechanisms. In this sense, analyte extraction and clean-up were carried out in a single step. Parameters determining the extraction efficiency were studied and optimized. Certified reference materials were used for method validation. Recoveries of OTA ranged between 83% and 96% in wines (with relative standard deviation, RSD, of about 10%) and between 81% and 93% in spices (RSD 7%). Recoveries for AFB1 in wheat ranged from 75% to 85% (RSD 8%). The detection limits were all below the maximum levels established for OTA and for AFB1 by EU directives. This method offers a green and low-cost alternative to the organic solvent-based extraction and/or immunoaffinity columns-based cleanup of complex samples prior to ELISA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Edificio Anexo Marie Curie, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: García-Fonseca
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Edificio Anexo Marie Curie, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ballesteros-Gómez
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Edificio Anexo Marie Curie, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain. Electronic address: qa1rubrs@uco.es.
authors.forename: Soledad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rubio
mesh_terms: D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D046911:Macromolecular Substances / Q000737:chemistry; D008823:Micelles; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D019814:Myristic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008823:Micelles; D009183:Mycotoxins; D012997:Solvents; D019814:Myristic Acid
keywords: Aflatoxin B1; ELISA; Mycotoxins; Ochratoxin A; Restricted access materials; Supramolecular solvents