title: Sex determination by mandibular ramus: A digital orthopantomographic study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (1) To determine the usefulness of mandibular ramus as an aid in sex determination. (2) To evaluate Anteroposterior | superioinferior angle of mandibular condyle.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was conducted using orthopantomographs of 60 males and 60 females, which were taken using Kodak 8000C Digital Panoramic and Cephalometric System (73 kVp, 12 mA, 13.9 s). The age group ranged between 18 - 45 years. Mandibular ramus measurements were carried out using Master View 3.0 software. The measurements of the mandibular ramus will be subjected to Discriminant function analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maximum ramus breadth, Minimum ramus breadth, Condylar height, Projective height of ramus Coronoid height were calculated for both the sexes differently with the formula & analyzed with Discriminant function analysis using Fischer exact test. The P value was statistically significant with the P value < 0.05 for the following parameters Max. ramus breadth, Condylar height and Projective height of ramus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mandibular ramus measurements can be a useful tool for gender determination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, M M's N.G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Samatha
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, M M's N.G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Sujata Mohan
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Byahatti
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, M M's N.G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Renuka Anand
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ammanagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, M M's N.G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Praveena
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tantradi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, M M's N.G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Chandan Kaur
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Sarang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, M M's N.G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Prachi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shivpuje
keywords: Mandibualar ramus; orthopantomography; sex