title: [Association of urinary metals and lung function in general Chinese population of Wuhan].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between levels of 23 urinary metals and lung function, and explore their does-response relationships in the general population of Wuhan province, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study that enrolled volunteers from two communities of Wuhan between April and May 2011. All volunteers had resided in Wuhan for at least 5 years. Information from questionnaires and physical examinations were collected and lung function was assessed. Data from 2 540 volunteers were included. Urinary levels of 23 metals were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The relationship between urinary metals and lung function was analyzed with single and multiple regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the study population was 52.8 years. Mean levels of urinary metals, after adjustment for creatinine, including cobalt, copper, zinc, nickel, antimony and barium were 0.02, 0.68, 23.80, 0.20, 0.10, 0.34 and 0.26 μg/g creatinine, respectively. There were significant concentration-response relationships between increases in some urinary metals and reduced lung function. Single-metal regression models demonstrated that for each 1-unit increase in urinary levels of cobalt, lncopper, lnzinc, lnantimony, there was a reduction in forced vital capacity (FVC) of 0.091 L (95%CI: -0.155--0.027), 0.101 L (95%CI: -0.178--0.025), 0.094 L (95%CI: -0.172--0.027) and 0.118 L (95% CI: -0.203--0.033), respectively. Each 1-unit-increase in urinary lncobalt, lnnickel, lnstrontium, lnantimony, lnthallium, lnlead was associated with a reductions in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) of 0.070 L (95%CI: -0.124--0.016), 0.063 L (95%CI: -0.118--0.007), 0.063 L (95%CI: -0.124--0.002), 0.092 L (95%CI: -0.164--0.020), 0.055 L (95%CI: -0.105--0.005), 0.081 L (95%CI: -0.148--0.014), and 0.097 L (95% CI: -0.151--0.042), respectively. With respect to metal co-exposure, FVC was significantly associated with elevated urinary levels of cobalt, Cu and Sb, with reductions of 0.126 L (95%CI: 0.037-0.216) and 0.106 L (95% CI: 0.021-0.192), respectively, while FEV1 was significantly associated with elevated urinary Co, Sb, Ba and Pb, with reductions of 0.067 L (95% CI: -0.129--0.005), 0.142 L (95% CI: -0.247--0.037), 0.073 L (95% CI: -0.142--0.003) and 0.104 L (95% CI: -0.175--0.034), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Certain urinary metals were potentially associated, in a dose-dependent manner, with reduced lung function in the general population. Co-exposure to metals had stimulative and anti-stimulative effects on lung function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: X Q
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: X J
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003035:Cobalt; D003300:Copper; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000652:urine*; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008670:Metals / Q000652:urine*; D008875:Middle Aged; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000502:physiology*; D015032:Zinc
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D008670:Metals; D003035:Cobalt; D003300:Copper; D015032:Zinc