title: Visualizing the Choriocapillaris Under Drusen: Comparing 1050-nm Swept-Source Versus 840-nm Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.
abstract: To investigate the appearance of choriocapillaris (CC) flow under drusen by comparing long-wavelength (1050 nm) swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) angiography with shorter-wavelength (840 nm) spectral-domain (SD) OCT angiography.
  
  
  
  Patients with drusen imaged on both devices on the same day were selected and graded. Ambiguous OCT angiography (OCTA) signal loss was defined as low OCTA signal on the en face OCTA CC image that also had low OCT signal in the corresponding area on the en face OCT CC image and OCT B-scans. Unambiguous OCTA signal loss was defined as low OCTA signal on the en face OCTA CC image that did not have low OCT signal in the corresponding area on the en face OCT CC image and OCT B-scans. False-positive flow impairment on SS-OCTA was defined as ambiguous OCTA signal loss on SS-OCTA but no OCTA signal loss on SD-OCTA. False-positive flow impairment on SD-OCTA was defined as ambiguous OCTA signal loss on SD-OCTA but no OCTA signal loss on SS-OCTA.
  
  
  
  Nine eyes from seven patients were enrolled, 23 drusen were analyzed. On 840-nm SD-OCTA, 17 drusen (73.9%) exhibited OCTA signal loss. Fourteen (82.4%) were classified as ambiguous, and three (17.6%) were classified as unambiguous; 10 (58.8%) were classified as having false-positive flow impairment. On 1050-nm SS-OCTA, seven drusen (30.4%) exhibited OCTA signal loss and were classified as unambiguous; none were classified as having false-positive flow impairment.
  
  
  
  Results showed that 1050-nm SS-OCTA appears less prone to producing areas of false-positive flow impairment under drusen.
authors.affiliation: New England Eye Center Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 2Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Moult
authors.affiliation: New England Eye Center Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 4Federal University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Novais
authors.affiliation: New England Eye Center Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 5Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Louzada
authors.affiliation: New England Eye Center Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
authors.forename: Emily D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.
authors.forename: ByungKun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States 6Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Husvogt
authors.affiliation: NIHR Biomedical Research Center for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Pearse A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Keane
authors.affiliation: Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom 8Birmingham & Midland Eye Center, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Alastair K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Denniston
authors.affiliation: New England Eye Center Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
authors.forename: André J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Witkin
authors.affiliation: New England Eye Center Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
authors.forename: Caroline R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Baumal
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.affiliation: New England Eye Center Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
authors.forename: Jay S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Duker
authors.affiliation: New England Eye Center Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
authors.forename: Nadia K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Waheed
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002196:Capillaries / Q000473:pathology; D002829:Choroid / Q000098:blood supply*; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015593:Retinal Drusen / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*