title: GM-CSF as successful salvage therapy of metamizole (dipyrone)-induced agranulocytosis with Fournier's gangrene and severe septic shock in an adolescent.
abstract: This case report describes the successful use of granulocyte and macrophage colony-stimulating factor as salvage therapy and an alternative to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a 14-year-old adolescent with metamizole (dipyrone)-induced agranulocytosis and severe septic shock.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany.
authors.forename: Annegret
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany.
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kietz
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany.
authors.forename: Hagen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bahlmann
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany.
authors.forename: Gunel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jafarzade
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany.
authors.forename: Holger N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Lode
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heckmann
keywords: Agranulocytosis; filgrastim; metamizole (dipyrone); sargramostim; septic shock