title: Stiffness of benign and malignant prostate tissue measured by shear-wave elastography: a preliminary study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure benign and malignant prostate tissue stiffness using shear-wave elastography (SWE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty consecutive patients underwent transrectal SWE in the axial and sagittal planes before prostatectomy. After reviewing prostatectomy specimens, two radiologists measured stiffness in regions corresponding to cancers, lateral and median benign peripheral zone (PZ) and benign transition zone (TZ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cancers were stiffer than benign PZ and TZ. All tissue classes were stiffer on sagittal than on axial imaging, in TZ than in PZ, and in median PZ than in lateral PZ. At multivariate analysis, the nature of tissue (benign or malignant; P < 0.00001), the imaging plane (axial or sagittal; P < 0.00001) and the location within the prostate (TZ, median PZ or lateral PZ; P = 0.0065) significantly and independently influenced tissue stiffness. On axial images, the thresholds maximising the Youden index in TZ, lateral PZ and median PZ were respectively 62 kPa, 33 kPa and 49 kPa. On sagittal images, the thresholds were 76 kPa, 50 kPa and 72 kPa, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SWE can distinguish prostate malignant and benign tissues. Tissue stiffness is influenced by the imaging plane and the location within the gland.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • Prostate cancers were stiffer than the benign peripheral zone • All tissue classes were stiffer on sagittal than on axial imaging • All tissue classes were stiffer in the transition zone than in the peripheral zone • All tissue classes were stiffer in the median than in the lateral peripheral zone • Taking into account imaging plane and zonal anatomy can improve cancer detection.
authors.affiliation: Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Urinary and Vascular Radiology, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, 69437, France. olivier.rouviere@netcourrier.com.|Université de Lyon, Lyon, 69003, France. olivier.rouviere@netcourrier.com.|Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, 69003, France. olivier.rouviere@netcourrier.com.|Inserm, U1032, LabTau, Lyon, 69003, France. olivier.rouviere@netcourrier.com.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0030-478X
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rouvière
authors.affiliation: Université Joseph Fourier, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, BP 53, Grenoble, 38041, France.|CNRS, UMR 5553, BP 53, Grenoble, 38041, France.
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Melodelima
authors.affiliation: Inserm, U1032, LabTau, Lyon, 69003, France.
authors.forename: Au
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoang Dinh
authors.affiliation: Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Urinary and Vascular Radiology, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, 69437, France.|Université de Lyon, Lyon, 69003, France.|Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, 69003, France.|Inserm, U1032, LabTau, Lyon, 69003, France.
authors.forename: Flavie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bratan
authors.affiliation: Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Urinary and Vascular Radiology, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, 69437, France.
authors.forename: Gaele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pagnoux
authors.affiliation: Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Urinary and Vascular Radiology, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, 69437, France.|Université de Lyon, Lyon, 69003, France.|Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, 69003, France.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sanzalone
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, Lyon, 69003, France.|Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, 69003, France.|Inserm, U1032, LabTau, Lyon, 69003, France.|Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Urology, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, 69437, France.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crouzet
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, Lyon, 69003, France.|Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, 69003, France.|Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Urology, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, 69437, France.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colombel
authors.affiliation: Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Pathology, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, 69437, France.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mège-Lechevallier
authors.affiliation: Inserm, U1032, LabTau, Lyon, 69003, France.
authors.forename: Rémi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Souchon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: Elasticity imaging techniques; Prostatectomy; Prostatic neoplasms; Shear waves; Ultrasound