title: Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Influence and Implications in Reproduction.
abstract: The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) continues to rise with time, signifying its emergence as a global disease. Clinical onset of IBD, comprising Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, typically occurs before or at peak reproductive age. Although active disease in female patients is associated with reduced fertility and adverse obstetric outcomes in pregnancy, the molecular mechanisms underlying this altered reproductive course, and its impact on IBD transmission to offspring, remain poorly understood. Clinical and experimental studies have now begun to elucidate the hormonal, environmental, and microbial factors that modulate immune-reproductive cross talk in IBD and define their impact on maternal health, fetal development, and heritability of disease risk. Evolving insight into maternal-fetal imprinting in IBD has important implications for patient counseling and disease management during pregnancy and may help predict clinical outcomes for both mother and child.
authors.affiliation: *Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; †Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and ‡Merrion Fertility Clinic (MFC), National Maternity Hospital and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Louise E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Glover
authors.forename: Blair
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fennimore
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wingfield
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology*