title: Nutrient patterns and their relationship to metabolic syndrome in Iranian adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing globally. It is associated with a significant risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The relationship between adherence to several different dietary patterns and the presence of MetS was explored in an Iranian population sample of 5764 subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed that the prevalence of MetS was 13% and 18% in men and women, respectively. There were three main dietary patterns: the first pattern was characterized by protein, carbohydrate, starch, glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, dietary fibre, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, manganese, thiamine, riboflavin, carotene, vitamin c and lactose; second representative of fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, calcium, zinc, phosphorus, iodine, vitamin D, chloride, betaine, niacin; third consisting of copper, selenium, vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin B12. In this dietary pattern, individuals in first quintile had a higher consumption of total fat, saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid, cholesterol and vitamin A. In the second pattern, individuals in the fifth quintile ate less carbohydrate, dietary fibre, glucose, Fructose, potassium compared to first quintile. We found that individuals in the first quintile in pattern 3 had higher intakes of protein, zinc and calcium compared to other quintiles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have found that a nutrient pattern which mostly characterized by dietary protein, carbohydrate, starch, glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose was associated with a higher risk of MetS in both genders, while a pattern which was represent of copper, selenium, Vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin B12 was associated with greater odds of Mets, in women.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Sayyed Saeid
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Khayyatzadeh
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moohebati
authors.affiliation: Key State Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazidi
authors.affiliation: Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avan
authors.affiliation: Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tayefi
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Parizadeh
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heidari-Bakavoli
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. azarpazhoohmr@mums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mahmoud Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Azarpazhooh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Habibollah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Esmaily
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, UK.
authors.forename: Gordon A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Ferns
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nematy
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Safarian
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. ghayourm@mums.ac.ir.|Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. ghayourm@mums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghayour-Mobarhan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D005632:Fructose / Q000009:adverse effects; D005947:Glucose / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008320:Maltose / Q000009:adverse effects; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008903:Minerals / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013213:Starch / Q000009:adverse effects; D013395:Sucrose / Q000009:adverse effects; D014815:Vitamins / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D008903:Minerals; D014815:Vitamins; D005632:Fructose; D013395:Sucrose; D008320:Maltose; D013213:Starch; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Factor analyses; metabolic syndrome; nutrient pattern