title: Signal-to-noise Enhancement in Optical Detection of Single Viruses with Multi-spot Excitation.
abstract: We present fluorescence detection of single H1N1 viruses with enhanced signal to noise ratio (SNR) achieved by multi-spot excitation in liquid-core anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROWs). Solid-core Y-splitting ARROW waveguides are fabricated orthogonal to the liquid-core section of the chip, creating multiple excitation spots for the analyte. We derive expressions for theSNRincrease after signal processing, and analyze its dependence on signal levels and spot number. Very good agreement between theoretical calculations and experimental results is found.SNRenhancements up to 5x104are demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
authors.forename: Damla
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ozcelik
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602 USA.
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Stott
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
authors.forename: Joshua W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Parks
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Black
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602 USA.
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602 USA.
authors.forename: Aaron R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schmidt
keywords: Anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROWs); Y-splitters; biophotonics; integrated waveguides; liquid core waveguides; optofluidics