title: Psychometric evaluation of the French version of the Clinical Nursing Competence Questionnaire (CNCQ-22): A cross-sectional study in nursing education in Burkina Faso.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinical nursing competence (CNC) is the essence of the nursing profession. It has received attention as a central component of nursing education; however, most instruments of measure were developed in high income countries and essentially in English. To gauge the CNC of nursing students attending Bachelor of Science in Nursing programs, a specialized scale is needed. This study aimed to validate a French version of the 22-item Clinical Nursing Competence Questionnaire (CNCQ-22), designed and implemented in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional descriptive survey was carried out to assess the psychometric properties of the CNCQ-22. A total of 255 pre-graduate nursing students of three nursing campuses of Burkina Faso (École Nationale de Santé Publique) participated in the study from June to October 2009. In addition to descriptive analysis, the reliability of the instrument, test-retest, and convergent and discriminant validity were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most participants were pre-registered nursing students (66.3%), predominantly male (68.2%), and their mean age was 30.54 (±5.66) (range 21-48). The original English version of the CNCQ-22 was translated into French and yielded an internal consistency coefficient of 0.89. The instrument revealed solid stability through a test-retest that yielded a Spearman's rho of 0.61 and supported good convergent and discriminant validity. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses resulted in a three-factor solution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The French version of the CNCQ-22 demonstrates promising psychometric integrity and can be considered as a reliable and valid instrument to evaluate CNC in a French nursing education context. An accurate assessment of CNC provided by an adapted, easy-to-use CNCQ-22 may help nursing educators and academics improve the quality of training.
authors.affiliation: École Nationale de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Faculté des sciences infirmières, Université Laval, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada. Electronic address: kone23ide@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Idrissa
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Beogo
authors.affiliation: International Health Program, National Yang Ming University, 155, Sec 2, Linong St., 112 Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: mendezrojas@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Bomar Mendez
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.affiliation: Faculté des sciences infirmières, Université Laval, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada. Electronic address: marie-pierre.gagnon@fsi.ulaval.ca.
authors.forename: Marie-Pierre
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Gagnon
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, No. 365, Mingde Rd, Beitou District, Taipei City 112, Taiwan. Electronic address: chiehyu@ntunhs.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chieh-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002050:Burkina Faso; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004506:Education, Nursing / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D013624:Taiwan; D014175:Translating; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Burkina Faso; Clinical Nursing Competence Questionnaire; Confirmatory factor analysis; Nursing education