title: Gastric cancer: texture analysis from multidetector computed tomography as a potential preoperative prognostic biomarker.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between preoperative texture analysis from multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and overall survival in patients with gastric cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained. Fifty-six patients with biopsy-proved gastric cancer were examined by MDCT and treated with surgery. Image features from texture analysis were quantified, with and without filters for fine to coarse textures. The association with survival time was assessed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The following parameters were significantly associated with a negative prognosis, according to different thresholds: energy [no filter] - Logarithm of relative risk (Log RR): 3.25; p = 0.046; entropy [no filter] (Log RR: 5.96; p = 0.002); entropy [filter 1.5] (Log RR: 3.54; p = 0.027); maximum Hounsfield unit value [filter 1.5] (Log RR: 3.44; p = 0.027); skewness [filter 2] (Log RR: 5.83; p = 0.004); root mean square [filter 1] (Log RR: - 2.66; p = 0.024) and mean absolute deviation [filter 2] (Log RR: - 4.22; p = 0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Texture analysis could increase the performance of a multivariate prognostic model for risk stratification in gastric cancer. Further evaluations are warranted to clarify the clinical role of texture analysis from MDCT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • Textural analysis from computed tomography can be applied in gastric cancer. • Preoperative non-invasive texture features are related to prognosis in gastric cancer. • Texture analysis could help to evaluate the aggressiveness of this tumour.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Centre for Experimental Imaging San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy. giganti.fra@gmail.com.|San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy. giganti.fra@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giganti
authors.affiliation: Centre for Experimental Imaging, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Antunes
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Centre for Experimental Imaging San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.|San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Annalaura
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salerno
authors.affiliation: San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ambrosi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Centre for Experimental Imaging San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.|San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marra
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Centre for Experimental Imaging San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nicoletti
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Orsenigo
authors.affiliation: San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy.|Department of Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Damiano
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chiari
authors.affiliation: Pathology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Albarello
authors.affiliation: San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy.|Department of Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Staudacher
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Centre for Experimental Imaging San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.|San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Centre for Experimental Imaging San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.|San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Del Maschio
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Centre for Experimental Imaging San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.|San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Cobelli
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D001706:Biopsy; D018279:Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Gastric cancer; Medical oncology; Multidetector computed tomography; Prognosis; Survival