title: Risk assessment of back pain in youth soccer players.
abstract: The purpose of this study is to identify several responsible parameters for back pain (BP) in youth soccer players to create a risk assessment tool for early prevention. An iPad-based survey was used to screen for parameters in a cross-sectional study. This questionnaire includes items regarding anthropometric data, training habits and sports injuries and was put into practice with 1110 athletes. Sex (odds ratio (OR): 1.84), age group (1.48) and playing surface (1.56) were significantly associated with BP. A history of injuries especially to the spine and hip/groin increased the likelihood for evolving recurrent BP (1.74/1.40). Overall 15 factors seem to influence the appearance of pain and were integrated into a feasible nomogram. The nomogram provides a practical tool to identify the risks of developing BP for youth soccer players. Although most factors we identified are non-modifiable, this method allows to rank the importance of factors and especially their prevention treatments for athletes.
authors.affiliation: a Sportorthopaedic Institute, FIFA MCE , Schön Klinik München Harlaching , Munich , Germany.|b Academic Teaching Hospital and Spine Research Institute of the Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg (PMU) , Austria.
authors.forename: Thore-Björn
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Haag
authors.affiliation: a Sportorthopaedic Institute, FIFA MCE , Schön Klinik München Harlaching , Munich , Germany.|b Academic Teaching Hospital and Spine Research Institute of the Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg (PMU) , Austria.
authors.forename: H Michael
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.affiliation: a Sportorthopaedic Institute, FIFA MCE , Schön Klinik München Harlaching , Munich , Germany.
authors.forename: Alexandra S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: a Sportorthopaedic Institute, FIFA MCE , Schön Klinik München Harlaching , Munich , Germany.|c Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand , Auckland University of Technology , Auckland , New Zealand.
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Rumpf
authors.affiliation: a Sportorthopaedic Institute, FIFA MCE , Schön Klinik München Harlaching , Munich , Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Handel
authors.affiliation: a Sportorthopaedic Institute, FIFA MCE , Schön Klinik München Harlaching , Munich , Germany.|b Academic Teaching Hospital and Spine Research Institute of the Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg (PMU) , Austria.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001416:Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D049451:Nomograms; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012916:Soccer / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adolescent; prevention; risk factor; spine