title: Essential oil components of orange peels and antimicrobial activity.
abstract: In this study, the orange peel of 12 cultivars of Citrus sinensis from central-eastern Sicily was employed to obtain essential oils and extracts. The ones were extracted through steam distillation, the others through extraction in hexane. Chemical constituents were evaluated in terms of qualitative and quantitative analyses by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Fifty-four components were identified in the steam essential oils and 44 in the extracts. In all the cultivars, the main component is d-limonene (73.9-97%); discrete percentages of linalool, geraniol and nerol were also found. Cluster analysis based on essential oils composition showed a certain degree of affinity between cultivars of the same type. The antimicrobial activity was investigated against three micro-organisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). 'Sanguinello' and 'Solarino Moro' essential oils are significantly active against L. monocytogenes, while 'Valencia' hexanic extract against all the tested micro-organisms.
authors.affiliation: a Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF) , Università di Palermo , Palermo , Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Geraci
authors.affiliation: a Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF) , Università di Palermo , Palermo , Italy.
authors.forename: Vita
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Di Stefano
authors.affiliation: a Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF) , Università di Palermo , Palermo , Italy.
authors.forename: Enrica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Di Martino
authors.affiliation: a Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF) , Università di Palermo , Palermo , Italy.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schillaci
authors.affiliation: b Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali (SAF) Università di Palermo Viale delle Scienze , Palermo , Italy.
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schicchi
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D032084:Citrus sinensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012802:Sicily
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Citrus sinensis cultivars; Sicily; essential oils; gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; volatile compounds