title: Effects of text messaging in addition to emails on physical activity among university and college employees in the UK.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the effects of adding text messages to weekly email communications on recipients' total physical activity (leisure-time; workplace; domestic and garden; and active transportation) in employees of universities and colleges in the UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomised trial with two study groups (email only or email plus text messaging for 12 weeks) was implemented at five workplaces. Data were collected at baseline, immediately after, and four weeks after the intervention. Intervention effects on physical activity were evaluated using latent growth modelling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total physical activity decreased over time in both groups but the decrease was non-significant. The only significant difference between groups was found for workplace physical activity, with the group receiving emails and text messages having a linear decrease of 2.81 Metabolic Equivalent h/week (β = -0.31, p = 0.035) compared to the email only group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sending employees two additional text messages resulted in less physical activity. Further investigation is needed to understand whether text messaging may play a beneficial role in promoting physical activity in workplace settings.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor of Social Marketing, Head of BeCHANGE Research Group, Institute for Public Communication, Università della Svizzera italiana, Switzerland suggs@suggs.info.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suggs
authors.affiliation: Lecturer in Behavioural Sciences, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Physiotherapy, University of Nottingham Medical School, UK.
authors.forename: Holly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.affiliation: Post-doctoral Research Fellow, BeCHANGE Research Group, Institute for Public Communication, Università della Svizzera italiana, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bardus
authors.affiliation: Health Improvement Specialist, Public Health Directorate, Redcar & Cleveland Borough Council, UK.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lloyd
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D034742:Electronic Mail; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D060145:Text Messaging; D006113:United Kingdom; D014495:Universities
keywords: e-health; physical activity; worksite health promotion