title: Abnormal Grey Matter Arteriolar Cerebral Blood Volume in Schizophrenia Measured With 3D Inflow-Based Vascular-Space-Occupancy MRI at 7T.
abstract: Metabolic dysfunction and microvascular abnormality may contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Most previous studies of cerebral perfusion in schizophrenia measured total cerebral blood volume (CBV) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the brain, which reflect the ensemble signal from the arteriolar, capillary, and venular compartments of the microvasculature. As the arterioles are the most actively regulated blood vessels among these compartments, they may be the most sensitive component of the microvasculature to metabolic disturbances. In this study, we adopted the inflow-based vascular-space-occupancy (iVASO) MRI approach to investigate alterations in the volume of small arterial (pial) and arteriolar vessels (arteriolar cerebral blood volume [CBVa]) in the brain of schizophrenia patients. The iVASO approach was extended to 3-dimensional (3D) whole brain coverage, and CBVa was measured in the brains of 12 schizophrenia patients and 12 matched controls at ultra-high magnetic field (7T). Significant reduction in grey matter (GM) CBVa was found in multiple areas across the whole brain in patients (relative changes of 14%-51% and effect sizes of 0.7-2.3). GM CBVa values in several regions in the temporal cortex showed significant negative correlations with disease duration in patients. GM CBVa increase was also found in a few brain regions. Our results imply that microvascular abnormality may play a role in schizophrenia, and suggest GM CBVa as a potential marker for the disease. Further investigation is needed to elucidate whether such effects are due to primary vascular impairment or secondary to other causes, such as metabolic dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.|F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Allison S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: SeungWook
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas I S
authors.initials: NIS
authors.lastname: Blair
authors.affiliation: The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.|F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.|Department of Medical Imaging, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yuankui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.|Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Su
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lui
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Jaymin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Andreia V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Faria
authors.affiliation: The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.|F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Issel Anne L
authors.initials: IAL
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry Research and Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Unschuld
authors.affiliation: The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.|F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Pekar
authors.affiliation: The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.|F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Peter C M
authors.initials: PCM
authors.lastname: van Zijl
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.|Department of Neurology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.|Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.|Department of Neurology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Russell L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Margolis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001160:Arterioles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015415:Biomarkers; D000071937:Cerebral Blood Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: biomarker; high field; imaging; perfusion; psychosis; vascular