title: Chemotherapy for advanced biliary tract carcinoma: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although gemcitabine and platinum-based agents (GP) are currently regarded as the standard chemotherapy for advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC), the prognosis remains poor. Combinations with fluoropyrimidines and targeted therapy have demonstrated modest benefits. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy of different chemotherapy regimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov registries were searched for studies published until April 2016. A meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the pooled effect size by using random effects models. Treatment efficacies were measured using progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival. The secondary outcomes included the objective response rate (ORR), 1-year survival rate, quality of life, disease control rate, and adverse events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen trials that involved examining 1775 patients were reviewed. Patients who received epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapy in addition to standard GP chemotherapy exhibited a significantly higher median PFS (weighted mean difference = -1.49; 95% confidence interval -2.56 to -0.43), PFS (hazard ratio = 0.79; 95% confidence interval 0.63-0.99), and ORR (odd ratio = 0.56; 95% confidence interval 0.38-0.82). Combining GP with fluoropyrimidines or vascular EGFR inhibitors (VEGFR) did not improve patient outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combining EGFR-targeted therapy with the current standard GP chemotherapy is a safe and viable option that may improve the median PFS, PFS, and ORR in patients with advanced BTC. Further research investigating the optimal dosage and drug type of EGFR inhibitors for specific BTC patient groups is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Center for Evidence-based Health Care, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City Cochrane Taiwan Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical, University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chiehfeng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Ka-Wai
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Tam
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001661:Biliary Tract Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome