title: Barriers to the Role of the Head Athletic Trainer for Women in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II and III Settings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Very few women assume the role of head athletic trainer (AT). Reasons for this disparity include discrimination, motherhood, and a lack of interest in the position. However, data suggest that more women seek the head AT position in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II and III settings.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the barriers female ATs face as they transition to the role of head AT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Divisions II and III.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 77 female ATs participated in our study. Our participants (38 ± 9 years old) were employed as head ATs at the Division II or III level.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted online interviews with all participants. They journaled their reflections to a series of open-ended questions pertaining to their experiences as head ATs. Data were analyzed following a general inductive approach. Credibility was secured by peer review and researcher triangulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Organizational and personal factors emerged as the 2 major themes that described challenges for women assuming the role of the head AT. Organizational barriers were defined by gender stereotyping and the "good old boys" network. Personal influences included a lack of leadership aspirations, motherhood and family, and a lack of mentors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Female ATs working in Divisions II or III experienced similar barriers to assuming the role of the head AT as those working in the Division I setting. Stereotyping still exists within collegiate athletics, which limits the number of women in higher-ranking positions; however, a lack of desire to assume a higher position and the desire to balance work and home inhibit some women from moving up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, Athletic Training Program, University of Connecticut, Storrs.
authors.forename: Stephanie M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mazerolle
authors.affiliation: Department of Athletic Training and Exercise Science, Lasell College, Newton, MA.
authors.forename: Christianne M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Eason
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003144:Communication Barriers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D008611:Mentors / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009939:Organizations, Nonprofit; D036301:Qualitative Research; D063507:Sexism; D013177:Sports / Q000523:psychology / Q000592:standards; D013240:Stereotyping; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014931:Women, Working / Q000523:psychology*; D014937:Work; D017132:Workplace
keywords: leadership; motherhood; sex; stereotyping