title: Utilization of biochar and activated carbon to reduce Cd, Pb and Zn phytoavailability and phytotoxicity for plants.
abstract: In the present study, the content of risk elements and content of free amino acids were studied in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and mustard (Sinapis alba L.) subsequently grown on uncontaminated and contaminated soils (5 mg Cd/kg, 1000 mg Pb/kg and 400 mg Zn/kg) with the addition of activated carbon (from coconut shells) or biochar (derived from local wood residues planted for phytoextaction) in different seasons (spring, summer and autumn). The results showed that activated carbon and biochar increased biomass production on contaminated site. Application of amendments decreased Cd and Zn uptake by spinach plants. Mustard significantly increased Pb accumulation in the biomass as well in subsequently grown autumn spinach. Glutamic acid and glutamine were major free amino acids in leaves of all plants (15-34% and 3-45%) from total content. Application of activated carbon and biochar increased content of glutamic acid in all plants on uncontaminated and contaminated soils. Activated carbon and biochar treatments also induced an increase of aspartic acid in spinach plants. Biochar produced from biomass originated from phytoextraction technologies promoted higher spinach biomass yield comparing unamended control and showed a tendency to reduce accumulation of cadmium and zinc and thus it is promising soil amendment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic. Electronic address: brendova@af.czu.cz.
authors.forename: Kateřina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Břendová
authors.affiliation: Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zemanová
authors.affiliation: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pavlíková
authors.affiliation: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tlustoš
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018533:Biomass; D002104:Cadmium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002606:Charcoal; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D009149:Mustard Plant / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D018724:Spinacia oleracea / Q000378:metabolism; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C540010:biochar; D002104:Cadmium; D002606:Charcoal; D007854:Lead; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Carbonaceous amendments; Contamination; Free amino acids; Mustard; Spinach; Trace elements