title: BeWell24: development and process evaluation of a smartphone "app" to improve sleep, sedentary, and active behaviors in US Veterans with increased metabolic risk.
abstract: Lifestyle behaviors across the 24-h spectrum (i.e., sleep, sedentary, and active behaviors) drive metabolic risk. We describe the development and process evaluation of BeWell24, a multicomponent smartphone application (or "app") that targets behavior change in these interdependent behaviors. A community-embedded iterative design framework was used to develop the app. An 8-week multiphase optimization strategy design study was used to test the initial efficacy of the sleep, sedentary, and exercise components of the app. Process evaluation outcomes included objectively measured app usage statistics (e.g., minutes of usage, self-monitoring patterns), user experience interviews, and satisfaction ratings. Participants (N = 26) logged approximately 60 % of their sleep, sedentary, and exercise behaviors, which took 3-4 min/day to complete. Usage of the sleep and sedentary components peaked at week 2 and remained high throughout the intervention. Exercise component use was low. User experiences were mixed, and overall satisfaction was modest.
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3rd Street, Mail Code 9020, Phoenix, AZ, 85004-2135, USA. matthew.buman@asu.edu.
authors.forename: Matthew P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Buman
authors.affiliation: Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, 85012, USA.|College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
authors.forename: Dana R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3rd Street, Mail Code 9020, Phoenix, AZ, 85004-2135, USA.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.affiliation: Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, 85012, USA.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Herb
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3rd Street, Mail Code 9020, Phoenix, AZ, 85004-2135, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hollingshead
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3rd Street, Mail Code 9020, Phoenix, AZ, 85004-2135, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Huberty
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3rd Street, Mail Code 9020, Phoenix, AZ, 85004-2135, USA.
authors.forename: Eric B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Hekler
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3rd Street, Mail Code 9020, Phoenix, AZ, 85004-2135, USA.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vega-López
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3rd Street, Mail Code 9020, Phoenix, AZ, 85004-2135, USA.
authors.forename: Punam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ohri-Vachaspati
authors.affiliation: Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, 85012, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Hekler
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
authors.forename: Carol M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Baldwin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D063731:Mobile Applications / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012306:Risk; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D000068997:Smartphone; D014728:Veterans / Q000193:education*
keywords: Diabetes; Exercise; Insomnia; Physical activity; Sitting; mHealth