title: Fiber-based monolithic columns for liquid chromatography.
abstract: Fiber-based monoliths for use in liquid chromatographic separations are defined by columns packed with aligned fibers, woven matrices, or contiguous fiber structures capable of achieving rapid separations of proteins, macromolecules, and low molecular weight components. A common denominator and motivating driver for this approach, first initiated 25 years ago, was reducing the cost of bioseparations in a manner that also reduced residence time of retained components while achieving a high ratio of mass to momentum transfer. This type of medium, when packed into a liquid chromatography column, minimized the fraction of stagnant liquid and resulted in a constant plate height for non-adsorbing species. The uncoupling of dispersion from eluent flow rate enabled the surface chemistry of the stationary phase to be considered separately from fluid transport phenomena and pointed to new ways to apply chemistry for the engineering of rapid bioseparations. This paper addresses developments and current research on fiber-based monoliths and explains how the various forms of this type of chromatographic stationary phase have potential to provide new tools for analytical and preparative scale separations. The different stationary phases are discussed, and a model that captures the observed constant plate height as a function of mobile phase velocity is reviewed. Methods that enable hydrodynamically stable fiber columns to be packed and operated over a range of mobile phase flow rates, together with the development of new fiber chemistries, are shown to provide columns that extend the versatility of liquid chromatography using monoliths, particularly at the preparative scale. Graphical Abstract Schematic representation of a sample mixture being separated by a rolled-stationary phase column, resulting separated peaks shown in the chromatogram.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2022, USA. ladisch@purdue.edu.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ladisch
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2022, USA.
authors.forename: Leyu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D056656:Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011506:Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D011506:Proteins; C005062:acetylcellulose; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D002482:Cellulose
keywords: Aligned fiber stationary phases; Fiber staple; Liquid chromatography; Press-fit devices; Protein separations; Rolled stationary phases