title: Mucosal Interactions between Genetics, Diet, and Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
abstract: Numerous reviews have discussed gut microbiota composition changes during inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), particularly Crohn's disease (CD). However, most studies address the observed effects by focusing on studying the univariate connection between disease and dietary-induced alterations to gut microbiota composition. The possibility that these effects may reflect a number of other interconnected (i.e., pantropic) mechanisms, activated in parallel, particularly concerning various bacterial metabolites, is in the process of being elucidated. Progress seems, however, hampered by various difficult-to-study factors interacting at the mucosal level. Here, we highlight some of such factors that merit consideration, namely: (1) the contribution of host genetics and diet in altering gut microbiome, and in turn, the crosstalk among secondary metabolic pathways; (2) the interdependence between the amount of dietary fat, the fatty acid composition, the effects of timing and route of administration on gut microbiota community, and the impact of microbiota-derived fatty acids; (3) the effect of diet on bile acid composition, and the modulator role of bile acids on the gut microbiota; (4) the impact of endogenous and exogenous intestinal micronutrients and metabolites; and (5) the need to consider food associated toxins and chemicals, which can introduce confounding immune modulating elements (e.g., antioxidant and phytochemicals in oils and proteins). These concepts, which are not mutually exclusive, are herein illustrated paying special emphasis on physiologically inter-related processes.
authors.affiliation: Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA.
authors.forename: Abigail
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basson
authors.affiliation: Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trotter
authors.affiliation: Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Palacios
authors.affiliation: Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cominelli
keywords: Crohn’s disease; diet; fatty acids; gut microbiota; inflammation; inflammatory bowel disease; mucosal