title: Inducing Sadness and Anxiousness through Visual Media: Measurement Techniques and Persistence.
abstract: The persistence of negative moods (sadness and anxiousness) induced by three visual Mood Induction Procedures (MIP) was investigated. The evolution of the mood after the MIP was monitored for a period of 8 min with the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM; every 2 min) and with recordings of skin conductance level (SCL) and electrocardiography (ECG). The SAM pleasure ratings showed that short and longer film fragments were effective in inducing a longer lasting negative mood, whereas the negative mood induced by the IAPS slideshow was short lived. The induced arousal during the anxious MIPs diminished quickly after the mood induction; nevertheless, the SCL data suggest longer lasting arousal effects for both movies. The decay of the induced mood follows a logarithmic function; diminishing quickly in the first minutes, thereafter returning slowly back to baseline. These results reveal that caution is needed when investigating the effects of the induced mood on a task or the effect of interventions on induced moods, because the induced mood diminishes quickly after the mood induction.
authors.affiliation: Human-Technology Interaction Group, Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuijsters
authors.affiliation: Multimedia Computing Group, Department of Intelligent Systems, Delft University of TechnologyDelft, Netherlands; Distributed and Interactive Systems Group, Centrum Wiskunde en InformaticaAmsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Redi
authors.affiliation: Brain, Cognition and Perception Group, Philips Research Eindhoven, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Ruyter
authors.affiliation: Human-Technology Interaction Group, Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Heynderickx
keywords: IAPS; MIP; anxiousness; mood; persistence; sadness