title: Psychosocial Adjustment and Perceived Risk Among Adolescent Girls From Families With BRCA1/2 or Breast Cancer History.
abstract: To evaluate the impact of breast cancer family history and maternal BRCA1/2 mutation on the psychosocial adjustment and perceived risk in girls age 11 to 19 years old.
  
  
  
  Girls age 11 to 19 years old with one or more relatives with breast cancer or a familial BRCA1/2 mutation (breast cancer family history [BCFH] positive, n = 208; n = 69 with BRCA1/2-positive mother), peers (BCFH negative, n = 112), and their mothers completed assessments of psychosocial adjustment, breast cancer-specific distress, and perceived risk of breast cancer.
  
  
  
  General psychosocial adjustment did not differ significantly between BCFH-positive and BCFH-negative girls, either by self-report or mother report, except for higher self-esteem among BCFH-positive girls (P = .01). BCFH-positive girls had higher breast cancer-specific distress than BCFH-negative girls (P < .001), but girls from BRCA1/2-positive families did not differ from other BCFH-positive peers. BCFH-positive girls were more likely to report themselves at increased self-risk for breast cancer in adulthood than BCFH-negative peers (74% v 33%, respectively; P ≤ .001). Girls from BRCA1/2-positive families were more likely than other BCFH-positive and BCFH-negative peers to report themselves at increased risk (P < .001). In all groups, perceived risk of breast cancer was associated with older age. Higher breast cancer-specific distress among adolescent girls was associated with higher self-perceived risk of breast cancer and higher maternal breast cancer-specific distress.
  
  
  
  Adolescent girls from BRCA1/2-positive and breast cancer families have higher self-esteem and do not have poorer psychosocial adjustment than peers. However, they do experience greater breast cancer-specific distress and perceived risk of breast cancer, particularly among older girls. Understanding the impact is important to optimize responses to growing up in families at familial and genetic risk for breast cancer, particularly given the debate over the genetic testing of children for cancer susceptibility in adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Angela R. Bradbury, Lisa A. Schwartz, Dare Henry-Moss, Susan M. Domchek, Rebecca Shorter, Kelsey Karpink, and Colleen Burke Sands, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Lisa A. Schwartz, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Brian L. Egleston and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System; Susan M. Domchek, The Basser Research Center for BRCA in the Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Linda Patrick-Miller, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Lisa Tuchman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Cynthia Moore and Paula K. Rauch, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA. angela.bradbury@uphs.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Angela R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Bradbury
authors.affiliation: Angela R. Bradbury, Lisa A. Schwartz, Dare Henry-Moss, Susan M. Domchek, Rebecca Shorter, Kelsey Karpink, and Colleen Burke Sands, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Lisa A. Schwartz, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Brian L. Egleston and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System; Susan M. Domchek, The Basser Research Center for BRCA in the Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Linda Patrick-Miller, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Lisa Tuchman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Cynthia Moore and Paula K. Rauch, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Patrick-Miller
authors.affiliation: Angela R. Bradbury, Lisa A. Schwartz, Dare Henry-Moss, Susan M. Domchek, Rebecca Shorter, Kelsey Karpink, and Colleen Burke Sands, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Lisa A. Schwartz, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Brian L. Egleston and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System; Susan M. Domchek, The Basser Research Center for BRCA in the Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Linda Patrick-Miller, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Lisa Tuchman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Cynthia Moore and Paula K. Rauch, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.affiliation: Angela R. Bradbury, Lisa A. Schwartz, Dare Henry-Moss, Susan M. Domchek, Rebecca Shorter, Kelsey Karpink, and Colleen Burke Sands, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Lisa A. Schwartz, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Brian L. Egleston and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System; Susan M. Domchek, The Basser Research Center for BRCA in the Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Linda Patrick-Miller, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Lisa Tuchman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Cynthia Moore and Paula K. Rauch, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Brian L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Egleston
authors.affiliation: Angela R. Bradbury, Lisa A. Schwartz, Dare Henry-Moss, Susan M. Domchek, Rebecca Shorter, Kelsey Karpink, and Colleen Burke Sands, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Lisa A. Schwartz, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Brian L. Egleston and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System; Susan M. Domchek, The Basser Research Center for BRCA in the Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Linda Patrick-Miller, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Lisa Tuchman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Cynthia Moore and Paula K. Rauch, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Dare
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Henry-Moss
authors.affiliation: Angela R. Bradbury, Lisa A. Schwartz, Dare Henry-Moss, Susan M. Domchek, Rebecca Shorter, Kelsey Karpink, and Colleen Burke Sands, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Lisa A. Schwartz, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Brian L. Egleston and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System; Susan M. Domchek, The Basser Research Center for BRCA in the Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Linda Patrick-Miller, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Lisa Tuchman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Cynthia Moore and Paula K. Rauch, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Domchek
authors.affiliation: Angela R. Bradbury, Lisa A. Schwartz, Dare Henry-Moss, Susan M. Domchek, Rebecca Shorter, Kelsey Karpink, and Colleen Burke Sands, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Lisa A. Schwartz, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Brian L. Egleston and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System; Susan M. Domchek, The Basser Research Center for BRCA in the Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Linda Patrick-Miller, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Lisa Tuchman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Cynthia Moore and Paula K. Rauch, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Mary B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.affiliation: Angela R. Bradbury, Lisa A. Schwartz, Dare Henry-Moss, Susan M. Domchek, Rebecca Shorter, Kelsey Karpink, and Colleen Burke Sands, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Lisa A. Schwartz, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Brian L. Egleston and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System; Susan M. Domchek, The Basser Research Center for BRCA in the Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Linda Patrick-Miller, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Lisa Tuchman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Cynthia Moore and Paula K. Rauch, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tuchman
authors.affiliation: Angela R. Bradbury, Lisa A. Schwartz, Dare Henry-Moss, Susan M. Domchek, Rebecca Shorter, Kelsey Karpink, and Colleen Burke Sands, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Lisa A. Schwartz, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Brian L. Egleston and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System; Susan M. Domchek, The Basser Research Center for BRCA in the Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Linda Patrick-Miller, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Lisa Tuchman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Cynthia Moore and Paula K. Rauch, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Angela R. Bradbury, Lisa A. Schwartz, Dare Henry-Moss, Susan M. Domchek, Rebecca Shorter, Kelsey Karpink, and Colleen Burke Sands, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Lisa A. Schwartz, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Brian L. Egleston and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System; Susan M. Domchek, The Basser Research Center for BRCA in the Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Linda Patrick-Miller, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Lisa Tuchman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Cynthia Moore and Paula K. Rauch, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Paula K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Rauch
authors.affiliation: Angela R. Bradbury, Lisa A. Schwartz, Dare Henry-Moss, Susan M. Domchek, Rebecca Shorter, Kelsey Karpink, and Colleen Burke Sands, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Lisa A. Schwartz, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Brian L. Egleston and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System; Susan M. Domchek, The Basser Research Center for BRCA in the Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Linda Patrick-Miller, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Lisa Tuchman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Cynthia Moore and Paula K. Rauch, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shorter
authors.affiliation: Angela R. Bradbury, Lisa A. Schwartz, Dare Henry-Moss, Susan M. Domchek, Rebecca Shorter, Kelsey Karpink, and Colleen Burke Sands, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Lisa A. Schwartz, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Brian L. Egleston and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System; Susan M. Domchek, The Basser Research Center for BRCA in the Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Linda Patrick-Miller, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Lisa Tuchman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Cynthia Moore and Paula K. Rauch, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Kelsey
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karpink
authors.affiliation: Angela R. Bradbury, Lisa A. Schwartz, Dare Henry-Moss, Susan M. Domchek, Rebecca Shorter, Kelsey Karpink, and Colleen Burke Sands, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Lisa A. Schwartz, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Brian L. Egleston and Mary B. Daly, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System; Susan M. Domchek, The Basser Research Center for BRCA in the Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Linda Patrick-Miller, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Lisa Tuchman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Cynthia Moore and Paula K. Rauch, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Colleen Burke
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Sands
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D019398:Genes, BRCA1; D024522:Genes, BRCA2; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000523:psychology; D018095:Germ-Line Mutation; D006801:Humans; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent