title: The Gesture Imitation in Alzheimer's Disease Dementia and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment.
abstract: Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) has become an important health problem in the world. Visuospatial deficits are considered to be an early symptom besides memory disorder.
  
  
  
  The gesture imitation test was devised to detect ADD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).
  
  
  
  A total of 117 patients with ADD, 118 with aMCI, and 95 normal controls were included in this study. All participants were administered our gesture imitation test, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Clock Drawing Test (CDT), and the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR).
  
  
  
  Patients with ADD performed worse than normal controls on global scores and had a lower success rate on every item (p < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) for the global scores when comparing the ADD and control groups was 0.869 (p < 0.001). Item 4 was a better discriminator with a sensitivity of 84.62% and a specificity of 67.37%. The AUC for the global scores decreased to 0.621 when applied to the aMCI and control groups (p = 0.002). After controlling for age and education, the gesture imitation test scores were positively correlated with the MMSE (r = 0.637, p < 0.001), the MoCA (r = 0.572, p < 0.001), and the CDT (r = 0.514, p < 0.001) and were negatively correlated with the CDR scores (r = -0.558, p < 0.001).
  
  
  
  The gesture imitation test is an easy, rapid tool for detecting ADD, and is suitable for the patients suspected of mild ADD and aMCI in outpatient clinics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xudong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shuhong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Senior Official Ward, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chunlei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wenjing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jinsong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiao
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000150:complications*; D003147:Communication Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005868:Gestures; D006801:Humans; D007100:Imitative Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; gesture imitation; mild cognitive impairment; neuropsychological test