title: A Randomized Trial of Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Essential Tremor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Uncontrolled pilot studies have suggested the efficacy of focused ultrasound thalamotomy with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance for the treatment of essential tremor.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled patients with moderate-to-severe essential tremor that had not responded to at least two trials of medical therapy and randomly assigned them in a 3:1 ratio to undergo unilateral focused ultrasound thalamotomy or a sham procedure. The Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor and the Quality of Life in Essential Tremor Questionnaire were administered at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Tremor assessments were videotaped and rated by an independent group of neurologists who were unaware of the treatment assignments. The primary outcome was the between-group difference in the change from baseline to 3 months in hand tremor, rated on a 32-point scale (with higher scores indicating more severe tremor). After 3 months, patients in the sham-procedure group could cross over to active treatment (the open-label extension cohort).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-six patients were included in the analysis. Hand-tremor scores improved more after focused ultrasound thalamotomy (from 18.1 points at baseline to 9.6 at 3 months) than after the sham procedure (from 16.0 to 15.8 points); the between-group difference in the mean change was 8.3 points (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.9 to 10.7; P<0.001). The improvement in the thalamotomy group was maintained at 12 months (change from baseline, 7.2 points; 95% CI, 6.1 to 8.3). Secondary outcome measures assessing disability and quality of life also improved with active treatment (the blinded thalamotomy cohort)as compared with the sham procedure (P<0.001 for both comparisons). Adverse events in the thalamotomy group included gait disturbance in 36% of patients and paresthesias or numbness in 38%; these adverse events persisted at 12 months in 9% and 14% of patients, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRI-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy reduced hand tremor in patients with essential tremor. Side effects included sensory and gait disturbances. (Funded by InSightec and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01827904.).
authors.affiliation: From the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (W.J.E., B.B.S., D.H., R.F.D.); Toronto Western Hospital (N.L., A.M.L.) and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.S., K.H.), Toronto; Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston (W.G.O.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (P.G., C.H.H., K.B.P.); Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Y.G.K., W.L., J.W.C.); Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle (R.G., J.W., S.R., R.C.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (H.M.E., P.S.F., D.G.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami (T.S.T.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (M.T.H., G.R.C.); and Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki (T.Y.), and Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.A., T.T.) - both in Japan.
authors.forename: W Jeffrey
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Elias
authors.affiliation: From the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (W.J.E., B.B.S., D.H., R.F.D.); Toronto Western Hospital (N.L., A.M.L.) and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.S., K.H.), Toronto; Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston (W.G.O.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (P.G., C.H.H., K.B.P.); Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Y.G.K., W.L., J.W.C.); Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle (R.G., J.W., S.R., R.C.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (H.M.E., P.S.F., D.G.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami (T.S.T.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (M.T.H., G.R.C.); and Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki (T.Y.), and Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.A., T.T.) - both in Japan.
authors.forename: Nir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lipsman
authors.affiliation: From the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (W.J.E., B.B.S., D.H., R.F.D.); Toronto Western Hospital (N.L., A.M.L.) and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.S., K.H.), Toronto; Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston (W.G.O.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (P.G., C.H.H., K.B.P.); Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Y.G.K., W.L., J.W.C.); Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle (R.G., J.W., S.R., R.C.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (H.M.E., P.S.F., D.G.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami (T.S.T.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (M.T.H., G.R.C.); and Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki (T.Y.), and Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.A., T.T.) - both in Japan.
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Ondo
authors.affiliation: From the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (W.J.E., B.B.S., D.H., R.F.D.); Toronto Western Hospital (N.L., A.M.L.) and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.S., K.H.), Toronto; Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston (W.G.O.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (P.G., C.H.H., K.B.P.); Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Y.G.K., W.L., J.W.C.); Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle (R.G., J.W., S.R., R.C.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (H.M.E., P.S.F., D.G.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami (T.S.T.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (M.T.H., G.R.C.); and Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki (T.Y.), and Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.A., T.T.) - both in Japan.
authors.forename: Pejman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ghanouni
authors.affiliation: From the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (W.J.E., B.B.S., D.H., R.F.D.); Toronto Western Hospital (N.L., A.M.L.) and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.S., K.H.), Toronto; Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston (W.G.O.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (P.G., C.H.H., K.B.P.); Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Y.G.K., W.L., J.W.C.); Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle (R.G., J.W., S.R., R.C.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (H.M.E., P.S.F., D.G.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami (T.S.T.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (M.T.H., G.R.C.); and Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki (T.Y.), and Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.A., T.T.) - both in Japan.
authors.forename: Young G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: From the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (W.J.E., B.B.S., D.H., R.F.D.); Toronto Western Hospital (N.L., A.M.L.) and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.S., K.H.), Toronto; Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston (W.G.O.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (P.G., C.H.H., K.B.P.); Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Y.G.K., W.L., J.W.C.); Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle (R.G., J.W., S.R., R.C.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (H.M.E., P.S.F., D.G.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami (T.S.T.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (M.T.H., G.R.C.); and Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki (T.Y.), and Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.A., T.T.) - both in Japan.
authors.forename: Wonhee
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: From the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (W.J.E., B.B.S., D.H., R.F.D.); Toronto Western Hospital (N.L., A.M.L.) and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.S., K.H.), Toronto; Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston (W.G.O.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (P.G., C.H.H., K.B.P.); Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Y.G.K., W.L., J.W.C.); Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle (R.G., J.W., S.R., R.C.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (H.M.E., P.S.F., D.G.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami (T.S.T.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (M.T.H., G.R.C.); and Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki (T.Y.), and Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.A., T.T.) - both in Japan.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.affiliation: From the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (W.J.E., B.B.S., D.H., R.F.D.); Toronto Western Hospital (N.L., A.M.L.) and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.S., K.H.), Toronto; Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston (W.G.O.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (P.G., C.H.H., K.B.P.); Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Y.G.K., W.L., J.W.C.); Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle (R.G., J.W., S.R., R.C.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (H.M.E., P.S.F., D.G.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami (T.S.T.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (M.T.H., G.R.C.); and Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki (T.Y.), and Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.A., T.T.) - both in Japan.
authors.forename: Kullervo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hynynen
authors.affiliation: From the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (W.J.E., B.B.S., D.H., R.F.D.); Toronto Western Hospital (N.L., A.M.L.) and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.S., K.H.), Toronto; Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston (W.G.O.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (P.G., C.H.H., K.B.P.); Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Y.G.K., W.L., J.W.C.); Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle (R.G., J.W., S.R., R.C.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (H.M.E., P.S.F., D.G.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami (T.S.T.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (M.T.H., G.R.C.); and Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki (T.Y.), and Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.A., T.T.) - both in Japan.
authors.forename: Andres M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lozano
authors.affiliation: From the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (W.J.E., B.B.S., D.H., R.F.D.); Toronto Western Hospital (N.L., A.M.L.) and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.S., K.H.), Toronto; Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston (W.G.O.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (P.G., C.H.H., K.B.P.); Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Y.G.K., W.L., J.W.C.); Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle (R.G., J.W., S.R., R.C.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (H.M.E., P.S.F., D.G.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami (T.S.T.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (M.T.H., G.R.C.); and Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki (T.Y.), and Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.A., T.T.) - both in Japan.
authors.forename: Binit B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: From the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (W.J.E., B.B.S., D.H., R.F.D.); Toronto Western Hospital (N.L., A.M.L.) and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.S., K.H.), Toronto; Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston (W.G.O.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (P.G., C.H.H., K.B.P.); Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Y.G.K., W.L., J.W.C.); Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle (R.G., J.W., S.R., R.C.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (H.M.E., P.S.F., D.G.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami (T.S.T.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (M.T.H., G.R.C.); and Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki (T.Y.), and Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.A., T.T.) - both in Japan.
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huss
authors.affiliation: From the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (W.J.E., B.B.S., D.H., R.F.D.); Toronto Western Hospital (N.L., A.M.L.) and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.S., K.H.), Toronto; Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston (W.G.O.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (P.G., C.H.H., K.B.P.); Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Y.G.K., W.L., J.W.C.); Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle (R.G., J.W., S.R., R.C.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (H.M.E., P.S.F., D.G.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami (T.S.T.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (M.T.H., G.R.C.); and Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki (T.Y.), and Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.A., T.T.) - both in Japan.
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Dallapiazza
authors.affiliation: From the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (W.J.E., B.B.S., D.H., R.F.D.); Toronto Western Hospital (N.L., A.M.L.) and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.S., K.H.), Toronto; Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston (W.G.O.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (P.G., C.H.H., K.B.P.); Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Y.G.K., W.L., J.W.C.); Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle (R.G., J.W., S.R., R.C.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (H.M.E., P.S.F., D.G.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami (T.S.T.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (M.T.H., G.R.C.); and Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki (T.Y.), and Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.A., T.T.) - both in Japan.
authors.forename: Ryder
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gwinn
authors.affiliation: From the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (W.J.E., B.B.S., D.H., R.F.D.); Toronto Western Hospital (N.L., A.M.L.) and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.S., K.H.), Toronto; Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston (W.G.O.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (P.G., C.H.H., K.B.P.); Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Y.G.K., W.L., J.W.C.); Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle (R.G., J.W., S.R., R.C.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (H.M.E., P.S.F., D.G.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami (T.S.T.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (M.T.H., G.R.C.); and Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki (T.Y.), and Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.A., T.T.) - both in Japan.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Witt
authors.affiliation: From the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (W.J.E., B.B.S., D.H., R.F.D.); Toronto Western Hospital (N.L., A.M.L.) and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.S., K.H.), Toronto; Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston (W.G.O.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (P.G., C.H.H., K.B.P.); Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Y.G.K., W.L., J.W.C.); Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle (R.G., J.W., S.R., R.C.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (H.M.E., P.S.F., D.G.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami (T.S.T.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (M.T.H., G.R.C.); and Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki (T.Y.), and Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.A., T.T.) - both in Japan.
authors.forename: Susie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ro
authors.affiliation: From the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (W.J.E., B.B.S., D.H., R.F.D.); Toronto Western Hospital (N.L., A.M.L.) and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.S., K.H.), Toronto; Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston (W.G.O.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (P.G., C.H.H., K.B.P.); Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Y.G.K., W.L., J.W.C.); Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle (R.G., J.W., S.R., R.C.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (H.M.E., P.S.F., D.G.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami (T.S.T.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (M.T.H., G.R.C.); and Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki (T.Y.), and Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.A., T.T.) - both in Japan.
authors.forename: Howard M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
authors.affiliation: From the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (W.J.E., B.B.S., D.H., R.F.D.); Toronto Western Hospital (N.L., A.M.L.) and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.S., K.H.), Toronto; Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston (W.G.O.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (P.G., C.H.H., K.B.P.); Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Y.G.K., W.L., J.W.C.); Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle (R.G., J.W., S.R., R.C.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (H.M.E., P.S.F., D.G.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami (T.S.T.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (M.T.H., G.R.C.); and Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki (T.Y.), and Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.A., T.T.) - both in Japan.
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Fishman
authors.affiliation: From the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (W.J.E., B.B.S., D.H., R.F.D.); Toronto Western Hospital (N.L., A.M.L.) and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.S., K.H.), Toronto; Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston (W.G.O.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (P.G., C.H.H., K.B.P.); Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Y.G.K., W.L., J.W.C.); Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle (R.G., J.W., S.R., R.C.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (H.M.E., P.S.F., D.G.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami (T.S.T.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (M.T.H., G.R.C.); and Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki (T.Y.), and Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.A., T.T.) - both in Japan.
authors.forename: Dheeraj
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gandhi
authors.affiliation: From the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (W.J.E., B.B.S., D.H., R.F.D.); Toronto Western Hospital (N.L., A.M.L.) and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.S., K.H.), Toronto; Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston (W.G.O.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (P.G., C.H.H., K.B.P.); Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Y.G.K., W.L., J.W.C.); Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle (R.G., J.W., S.R., R.C.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (H.M.E., P.S.F., D.G.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami (T.S.T.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (M.T.H., G.R.C.); and Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki (T.Y.), and Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.A., T.T.) - both in Japan.
authors.forename: Casey H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Halpern
authors.affiliation: From the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (W.J.E., B.B.S., D.H., R.F.D.); Toronto Western Hospital (N.L., A.M.L.) and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.S., K.H.), Toronto; Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston (W.G.O.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (P.G., C.H.H., K.B.P.); Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Y.G.K., W.L., J.W.C.); Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle (R.G., J.W., S.R., R.C.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (H.M.E., P.S.F., D.G.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami (T.S.T.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (M.T.H., G.R.C.); and Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki (T.Y.), and Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.A., T.T.) - both in Japan.
authors.forename: Rosalind
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: From the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (W.J.E., B.B.S., D.H., R.F.D.); Toronto Western Hospital (N.L., A.M.L.) and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.S., K.H.), Toronto; Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston (W.G.O.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (P.G., C.H.H., K.B.P.); Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Y.G.K., W.L., J.W.C.); Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle (R.G., J.W., S.R., R.C.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (H.M.E., P.S.F., D.G.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami (T.S.T.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (M.T.H., G.R.C.); and Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki (T.Y.), and Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.A., T.T.) - both in Japan.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Butts Pauly
authors.affiliation: From the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (W.J.E., B.B.S., D.H., R.F.D.); Toronto Western Hospital (N.L., A.M.L.) and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.S., K.H.), Toronto; Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston (W.G.O.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (P.G., C.H.H., K.B.P.); Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Y.G.K., W.L., J.W.C.); Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle (R.G., J.W., S.R., R.C.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (H.M.E., P.S.F., D.G.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami (T.S.T.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (M.T.H., G.R.C.); and Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki (T.Y.), and Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.A., T.T.) - both in Japan.
authors.forename: Travis S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Tierney
authors.affiliation: From the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (W.J.E., B.B.S., D.H., R.F.D.); Toronto Western Hospital (N.L., A.M.L.) and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.S., K.H.), Toronto; Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston (W.G.O.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (P.G., C.H.H., K.B.P.); Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Y.G.K., W.L., J.W.C.); Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle (R.G., J.W., S.R., R.C.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (H.M.E., P.S.F., D.G.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami (T.S.T.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (M.T.H., G.R.C.); and Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki (T.Y.), and Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.A., T.T.) - both in Japan.
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.affiliation: From the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (W.J.E., B.B.S., D.H., R.F.D.); Toronto Western Hospital (N.L., A.M.L.) and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.S., K.H.), Toronto; Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston (W.G.O.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (P.G., C.H.H., K.B.P.); Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Y.G.K., W.L., J.W.C.); Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle (R.G., J.W., S.R., R.C.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (H.M.E., P.S.F., D.G.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami (T.S.T.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (M.T.H., G.R.C.); and Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki (T.Y.), and Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.A., T.T.) - both in Japan.
authors.forename: G Rees
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Cosgrove
authors.affiliation: From the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (W.J.E., B.B.S., D.H., R.F.D.); Toronto Western Hospital (N.L., A.M.L.) and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.S., K.H.), Toronto; Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston (W.G.O.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (P.G., C.H.H., K.B.P.); Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Y.G.K., W.L., J.W.C.); Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle (R.G., J.W., S.R., R.C.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (H.M.E., P.S.F., D.G.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami (T.S.T.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (M.T.H., G.R.C.); and Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki (T.Y.), and Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.A., T.T.) - both in Japan.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: From the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (W.J.E., B.B.S., D.H., R.F.D.); Toronto Western Hospital (N.L., A.M.L.) and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.S., K.H.), Toronto; Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston (W.G.O.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (P.G., C.H.H., K.B.P.); Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Y.G.K., W.L., J.W.C.); Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle (R.G., J.W., S.R., R.C.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (H.M.E., P.S.F., D.G.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami (T.S.T.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (M.T.H., G.R.C.); and Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki (T.Y.), and Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.A., T.T.) - both in Japan.
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: From the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (W.J.E., B.B.S., D.H., R.F.D.); Toronto Western Hospital (N.L., A.M.L.) and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.S., K.H.), Toronto; Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston (W.G.O.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (P.G., C.H.H., K.B.P.); Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Y.G.K., W.L., J.W.C.); Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle (R.G., J.W., S.R., R.C.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (H.M.E., P.S.F., D.G.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami (T.S.T.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (M.T.H., G.R.C.); and Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki (T.Y.), and Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.A., T.T.) - both in Japan.
authors.forename: Takaomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taira
authors.affiliation: From the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville (W.J.E., B.B.S., D.H., R.F.D.); Toronto Western Hospital (N.L., A.M.L.) and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.S., K.H.), Toronto; Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston (W.G.O.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (P.G., C.H.H., K.B.P.); Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Y.G.K., W.L., J.W.C.); Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle (R.G., J.W., S.R., R.C.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (H.M.E., P.S.F., D.G.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami (T.S.T.); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (M.T.H., G.R.C.); and Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki (T.Y.), and Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.A., T.T.) - both in Japan.
authors.forename: Jin W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D020329:Essential Tremor / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011788:Quality of Life; D013788:Thalamus / Q000601:surgery*; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional