title: Flexible Coupling of Respiration and Vocalizations with Locomotion and Head Movements in the Freely Behaving Rat.
abstract: Quadrupedal mammals typically synchronize their respiration with body movements during rhythmic locomotion. In the rat, fast respiration is coupled to head movements during sniffing behavior, but whether respiration is entrained by stride dynamics is not known. We recorded intranasal pressure, head acceleration, instantaneous speed, and ultrasonic vocalizations from male and female adult rats while freely behaving in a social environment. We used high-speed video recordings of stride to understand how head acceleration signals relate to locomotion and developed techniques to identify episodes of sniffing, walking, trotting, and galloping from the recorded variables. Quantitative analysis of synchrony between respiration and head acceleration rhythms revealed that respiration and locomotion movements were coordinated but with a weaker coupling than expected from previous work in other mammals. We have recently shown that rats behaving in social settings produce high rates of ultrasonic vocalizations during locomotion bouts. Accordingly, rats emitted vocalizations in over half of the respiratory cycles during fast displacements. We present evidence suggesting that emission of these calls disrupts the entrainment of respiration by stride. The coupling between these two variables is thus flexible, such that it can be overridden by other behavioral demands.
authors.affiliation: Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Nascimento de Castro 2155, 59056-450 Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Joseph Andrews
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Nascimento de Castro 2155, 59056-450 Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Barbara Ciralli
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Boerner
authors.affiliation: Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Nascimento de Castro 2155, 59056-450 Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Diego Andrés
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5860-1667
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Laplagne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D019416:Head Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D008124:Locomotion / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology*; D014828:Vocalization, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology