title: Natural Phyto-Bioactive Compounds for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: Inflammation as a Target.
abstract: Diabetes is a metabolic, endocrine disorder which is characterized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance due to insulin resistance. Extensive research has confirmed that inflammation is closely involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. Patients with diabetes display typical features of an inflammatory process characterized by the presence of cytokines, immune cell infiltration, impaired function and tissue destruction. Numerous anti-diabetic drugs are often prescribed to diabetic patients, to reduce the risk of diabetes through modulation of inflammation. However, those anti-diabetic drugs are often not successful as a result of side effects; therefore, researchers are searching for efficient natural therapeutic targets with less or no side effects. Natural products' derived bioactive molecules have been proven to improve insulin resistance and associated complications through suppression of inflammatory signaling pathways. In this review article, we described the extraction, isolation and identification of bioactive compounds and its molecular mechanisms in the prevention of diabetes associated complications.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia. gothai_86@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Sivapragasam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gothai
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Applied Life Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea. palanivel67@gmail.com.|Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea. palanivel67@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Palanivel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ganesan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea. ifresha@nate.com.
authors.forename: Shin-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia. sharida.fakurazi@gmail.com.|Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia. sharida.fakurazi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sharida
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fakurazi
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Applied Life Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea. choidk@kku.ac.kr.|Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea. choidk@kku.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Dong-Kug
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia. arulbio@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Palanisamy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arulselvan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D004063:Digestion; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008954:Models, Biological; D015394:Molecular Structure; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D064209:Phytochemicals
keywords: diabetic complications; inflammatory mediators; insulin resistance; polyphenols; type 2 diabetes mellitus