title: High Prevalence and Increased Severity of Norovirus Mixed Infections Among Children 12-24 Months of Age Living in the Suburban Areas of Lima, Peru.
abstract: In an active diarrhea surveillance study of children aged 12-24 months in Lima, Peru, norovirus was the most common pathogen identified. The percentage of mixed (bacterial and noroviral) infections was significantly higher among norovirus-positive samples (53%) than among norovirus-negative samples (12%). The combination of norovirus with the most common bacterial pathogens was associated with increased clinical severity over that of either single-pathogen norovirus or single-pathogen bacterial infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas, Houston.
authors.forename: Mara
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zambruni
authors.affiliation: US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Giannina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Luna
authors.affiliation: US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.
authors.forename: Daniel G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Bausch
authors.affiliation: Departament of Pediatrics.
authors.forename: Fulton P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.affiliation: Departament of Pediatrics.
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Velapatino
authors.affiliation: Departament of Mathematics, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: Departament of Pediatrics.
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chea-Woo
authors.affiliation: Departament of Pediatrics.
authors.forename: Nelly
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Baiocchi
authors.affiliation: Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston.
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Cleary
authors.affiliation: Departament of Pediatrics Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston.
authors.forename: Theresa J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Ochoa
mesh_terms: D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D060085:Coinfection / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010568:Peru / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D013383:Suburban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: childhood diarrhea; enteropathy; gastroenteritis; norovirus