title: Is it possible to find presence of lactose in pharmaceuticals? - Preliminary studies by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics.
abstract: Lactose and saccharose have the same molecular formula; however, the arrangement of their atoms is different. A major difference between lactose and saccharose with regard to digestion and processing is that it is not uncommon for individuals to be lactose intolerant (around two thirds of the population has a limited ability to digest lactose after infancy), but it is rather unlikely to be saccharose intolerant. The pharmaceutical industry uses lactose and saccharose as inactive ingredients of drugs to help form tablets because of their excellent compressibility properties. Some patients with severe lactose intolerance may experience symptoms of many allergic reactions after taking medicine that contains this substance. People who are specifically "allergic" to lactose (not just lactose intolerant) should not use tablets containing this ingredient. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has a unique chemical fingerprinting capability and plays a significant important role in the identification and characterization of analyzed samples and hence has been widely used in pharmaceutical science. However, a typical FTIR spectrum collected from tablets contains a myriad of valuable information hidden in a family of tiny peaks. Powerful multivariate spectral data processing can transform FTIR spectroscopy into an ideal tool for high volume, rapid screening and characterization of even minor tablet components. In this paper a method for distinction between FTIR spectra collected for tablets with or without lactose is presented. The results seem to indicate that the success of identifying one component in FTIR spectra collected for pharmaceutical composition (that is tablet) is largely dependent on the choice of the chemometric technique applied.
authors.affiliation: Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, 5 Research Link, 117603 Singapore, Singapore. Electronic address: slsba@nus.edu.sg.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Banas
authors.affiliation: Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, 5 Research Link, 117603 Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Banas
authors.affiliation: Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, 5 Research Link, 117603 Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: S M P
authors.initials: SMP
authors.lastname: Kalaiselvi
authors.affiliation: Gabriel Narutowicz Hospital, Pradnicka 37, 31-202 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pawlicki
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Kwiatek
authors.affiliation: Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, 5 Research Link, 117603 Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: M B H
authors.initials: MBH
authors.lastname: Breese
mesh_terms: D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005661:Furagin / Q000737:chemistry; D007785:Lactose / Q000032:analysis*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013395:Sucrose / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D013395:Sucrose; D007785:Lactose; D005661:Furagin
keywords: Attenuated total reflection; Chemometrics; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Lactose