title: Public Perspectives on Expanding Naloxone Access to Reverse Opioid Overdoses.
abstract: Opioid overdoses can often be reversed with naloxone hydrochloride. Past studies on attitudes toward expanded naloxone access have surveyed drug users, family members, and providers.
  
  
  
  To explore how the general public perceives take-home or nonmedical first-responder access to naloxone to reverse opioid overdoses. Additionally, little is known about how support for expanded access is related to participant's endorsement of Individualism and Just World Belief-colloquially people getting what they deserve and deserving what they get.
  
  
  
  Lay participants completed an online survey examining concerns with and support for expanding naloxone access. Just World Belief, Individualism, and participants' dependence history were also measured. Four different hypothetical situations were considered, varying according to type of opioid (heroin versus nonmedical prescription opioid) and recipient (suburban middle class versus recent parolee).
  
  
  
  Most participants agreed with at least some degree of expanded access. Analyses of variance indicated that type of opioid or recipient did not affect attitudes toward expansion. Pearson correlations and multiple regressions revealed that endorsement of Just World Beliefs and Individualism were associated with greater concerns with and less support for expansion.
  
  
  
  While there is general agreement with some degree of expanding naloxone access, participants' level of endorsement was influenced by their level of individualism and belief in a just world. These factors need to be considered in how to best frame messages to maximize layperson support for expansion.
authors.affiliation: a Muhlenberg College , Allentown , Pennsylvania , USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rudski
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D062787:Drug Overdose; D006801:Humans; D009270:Naloxone; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009270:Naloxone
keywords: Heroin; Just World Belief; individualism; lay attitudes; naloxone; opioid; prescription opioid; victim blame