title: Antiepileptic dosing for critically ill adult patients receiving renal replacement therapy.
abstract: The aim of this review was to evaluate current literature for dosing recommendations for the use of antiepileptic medications in patients receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT).
  
  
  
  With the assistance of an experienced medical librarian specialized in pharmacy and toxicology, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, WorldCat, and Scopus through May 2016.
  
  
  
  Four hundred three articles were screened for inclusion, of which 130 were identified as potentially relevant. Micromedex® DRUGDEX as well as package inserts were used to obtain known pharmacokinetic properties and dosage adjustment recommendations in RRT if known.
  
  
  
  Data regarding antiepileptic drug use in RRT are limited and mostly consist of case reports limiting our proposed dosing recommendations. Known pharmacokinetic parameters should guide dosing, and recommendations are provided where possible.
  
  
  
  Additional studies are necessary before specific dosing recommendations can be made for most antiepileptic drugs in critically ill patients receiving RRT, specifically with newer agents.
authors.affiliation: University of Kentucky HealthCare, Department of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY. Electronic address: ksmetana0427@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Keaton S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Smetana
authors.affiliation: University of Kentucky HealthCare, Department of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY; University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science (UK College of Pharmacy), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY. Electronic address: amcook0@uky.edu.
authors.forename: Aaron M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.affiliation: University of Kentucky HealthCare, Department of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY; University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science (UK College of Pharmacy), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY. Electronic address: mlthompson@uky.edu.
authors.forename: Melissa L Thompson
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bastin
authors.affiliation: University of Kentucky HealthCare, Department of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY; University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science (UK College of Pharmacy), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY. Electronic address: doug.oyler@uky.edu.
authors.forename: Douglas R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Oyler
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D000588:Amines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002219:Carbamates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016638:Critical Illness; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003984:Dibenzazepines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005013:Ethosuximide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000078328:Felbamate; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000077206:Gabapentin; D006801:Humans; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000078334:Lacosamide; D000077213:Lamotrigine; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000008:administration & dosage; D048448:Phenylcarbamates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010655:Phenylenediamines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010889:Piracetam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D011409:Propylene Glycols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy; D012640:Seizures / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077236:Topiramate; D014227:Triazines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000078305:Zonisamide; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D000588:Amines; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002219:Carbamates; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D003984:Dibenzazepines; D007555:Isoxazoles; D048448:Phenylcarbamates; D010655:Phenylenediamines; D011409:Propylene Glycols; D014227:Triazines; D000077236:Topiramate; C101866:ezogabine; D005632:Fructose; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D000078305:Zonisamide; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D000078334:Lacosamide; D005013:Ethosuximide; D014635:Valproic Acid; D010672:Phenytoin; D000077206:Gabapentin; D000077213:Lamotrigine; D000078328:Felbamate; D010634:Phenobarbital; D010889:Piracetam
keywords: Anticonvulsants; Continuous renal replacement therapy; Hemodialysis; Intensive care