title: High phenolics Rutgers Scarlet Lettuce improves glucose metabolism in high fat diet-induced obese mice.
abstract: The ability of high phenolic Rutgers Scarlet Lettuce (RSL) to attenuate metabolic syndrome and gut dysbiosis was studied in very high fat diet (VHFD)-fed mice. Phenolic absorption was assessed in vivo and in a gastrointestinal tract model.
  
  
  
  Mice were fed VHFD, VHFD supplemented with RSL (RSL-VHFD) or store-purchased green lettuce (GL-VHFD), or low-fat diet (LFD) for 13 weeks. Compared to VHFD or GL-VHFD-fed groups, RSL-VHFD group showed significantly improved oral glucose tolerance (p<0.05). Comparison of VHFD, RSL-VHFD, and GL-VHFD groups revealed no significant differences with respect to insulin tolerance, hepatic lipids, body weight gain, fat mass, plasma glucose, triglycerides, free fatty acid, and lipopolysaccharide levels, as well as relative abundances of major bacterial phyla from 16S rDNA amplicon data sequences (from fecal and cecal samples). However, RSL and GL-supplementation increased abundance of several taxa involved in plant polysaccharide degradation/fermentation. RSL phenolics chlorogenic acid, quercetin-3-glucoside, and quercetin-malonyl-glucoside were bioaccessible in the TIM-1 digestion model, but had relatively low recovery.
  
  
  
  RSL phenolics contributed to attenuation of post-prandial hyperglycemia. Changes in gut microbiota were likely due to microbiota accessible carbohydrates in RSL and GL rather than RSL phenolics, which may be metabolized, absorbed, or degraded before reaching the colon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Diana M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Diana E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Roopchand
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poulev
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Armas
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oren
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ribnicky
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Ehud
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zelzion
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Debashish
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Ilya
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Raskin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000378:metabolism; D018545:Lactuca / Q000737:chemistry*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D014280:Triglycerides; C016527:isoquercitrin; D011794:Quercetin; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Bioaccessibility; Gut microbiota; Lettuce; Metabolic syndrome; Phenolics