title: Randomized Clinical Trial of 24% Oral Sucrose to Decrease Pain Associated With Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Insertion in Preterm and Term Newborns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether 24% sucrose solution given orally before insertion of a peripheral intravenous (PIV) catheter decreases neonatal pain.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Prior studies of pain caused by heel and arterial needlesticks found oral administration of 24% sucrose to significantly blunt pain during these painful procedures. No studies have evaluated this treatment with needlestick pain associated with PIV catheter insertion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oral 24% sucrose or placebo solution was administered 2 minutes prior to PIV catheter insertion. Outcome measures were obtained prior to, during, and for 5 minutes after PIV catheter insertion. Investigators and caregivers were blinded to group assignment. Data were analyzed with longitudinal analysis of repeated measures, with P < .05 for significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 40 neonates (24% sucrose: N = 20; placebo: N = 20) were studied. Pain scores significantly increased from 3.2 ± 1.6 to a maximum of 7.6 ± 3.8 at the time of catheter insertion, returning to baseline levels 8 minutes after PIV catheter insertion (P < .001). No significant differences were found in pain, heart rate, or noninvasive oxygen saturation (SpO2) between the sucrose and placebo groups (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results from this study did not find that 24% sucrose administered prior to PIV catheter insertion altered the infant's pain response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since this is the first study to evaluate the pain-blunting effects of 24% sucrose administration before PIV catheter insertion, replication of this study is needed before widespread application of findings.
authors.affiliation: Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, Georgia (Mss Cook, Nichols-Dada, Damani, Lawrence, Layson, Mitchell, Muhammad, Samaniego-Yamin, Talley, VanNatta, and Cooley); and Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Higgins).
authors.forename: Linda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Jacinth
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nichols-Dada
authors.forename: Samina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Damani
authors.forename: Vickie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Layson
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Shaqunna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Samaniego-Yamin
authors.forename: Jacquelyn Walters
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Talley
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: VanNatta
authors.forename: Melinda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cooley
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D010092:Oximetry; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D013395:Sucrose / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D013549:Sweetening Agents; D013395:Sucrose