title: Quantitative phase imaging for medical diagnosis.
abstract: Optical microscopy is an indispensable diagnostic tool in modern healthcare. As a prime example, pathologists rely exclusively on light microscopy to investigate tissue morphology in order to make a diagnosis. While advances in light microscopy and contrast markers allow pathologists to visualize cells and tissues in unprecedented detail, the interpretation of these images remains largely subjective, leading to inter- and intra-observer discrepancy. Furthermore, conventional microscopy images capture qualitative information which makes it difficult to automate the process, reducing the throughput achievable in the diagnostic workflow. Quantitative Phase Imaging (QPI) techniques have been advanced in recent years to address these two challenges. By quantifying physical parameters of cells and tissues, these systems remove subjectivity from the disease diagnosis process and allow for easier automation to increase throughput. In addition to providing quantitative information, QPI systems are also label-free and can be easily assimilated into the current diagnostic workflow in the clinic. In this paper we review the advances made in disease diagnosis by QPI techniques. We focus on the areas of hematological diagnosis and cancer pathology, which are the areas where most significant advances have been made to date. [Image adapted from Y. Park, M. Diez-Silva, G. Popescu, G. Lykotrafitis, W. Choi, M. S. Feld, and S. Suresh, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 105, 13730-13735 (2008).].
authors.affiliation: Quantitative Light Imaging Lab, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Hassaan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Majeed
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California Davis, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility #2603B, 451 Health Science Dr., Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Shamira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sridharan
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 485 Li Ka Shing Center, 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mir
authors.affiliation: Institute of Information Optics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
authors.forename: Lihong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eunjung
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.|Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Woonggyu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Quantitative Light Imaging Lab, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Popescu
mesh_terms: D001331:Automation; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008853:Microscopy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
keywords: cancer diagnosis; hematological disorders; interferometry; label free imaging; microscopy; pathology; quantitative phase imaging