title: Altered apolipoprotein C expression in association with cognition impairments and hippocampus volume in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
abstract: Proteomic analyses facilitate the interpretation of molecular biomarker probes which are very helpful in diagnosing schizophrenia (SZ). In the current study, we attempt to test whether potential differences in plasma protein expressions in SZ and bipolar disorder (BD) are associated with cognitive deficits and their underlying brain structures. Forty-two plasma proteins of 29 SZ patients, 25 BD patients and 93 non-clinical controls were quantified and analysed using multiple reaction monitoring-based triple quadrupole mass spectrometry approach. We also computed group comparisons of protein expressions between patients and controls, and between SZ and BD patients, as well. Potential associations of protein levels with cognitive functioning (psychomotor speed, executive functioning, crystallised intelligence) as well as underlying brain volume in the hippocampus were explored, using bivariate correlation analyses. The main finding of this study was that apolipoprotein expression differed between patients and controls and that these alterations in both disease groups were putatively related to cognitive impairments as well as to hippocampus volumes. However, none of the protein level differences were related to clinical symptom severity. In summary, altered apolipoprotein expression in BD and SZ was linked to cognitive decline and underlying morphological changes in both disorders. Our results suggest that the detection of molecular patterns in association with cognitive performance and its underlying brain morphology is of great importance for understanding of the pathological mechanisms of SZ and BD, as well as for supporting the diagnosis and treatment of both disorders.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Christian.Knoechel@kgu.de.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Knöchel
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kniep
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Jason D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.|Brain Imaging Centre, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stäblein
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.|Brain Imaging Centre, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wenzler
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sarlon
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prvulovic
authors.affiliation: MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: David E J
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Linden
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bahn
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.|Psynova Neurotech Ltd, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Pawel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stocki
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Sureyya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozcan
authors.affiliation: Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andre F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reif
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Viola
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Oertel-Knöchel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001056:Apolipoproteins C / Q000378:metabolism*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D001056:Apolipoproteins C; D001798:Blood Proteins
keywords: APOC; Bipolar; MRM; Proteomics; Psychosis spectrum; SMRT; Schizophrenia