title: A Genome-Wide Association Study of Field Resistance to Magnaporthe Oryzae in Rice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Breeding of rice cultivars with long-lasting resistance to the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is difficult, and identification of new resistance genes is essential. Most of the loci associated with blast resistance against M. oryzae in rice have been identified in controlled environments and with single isolates, and such loci may confer resistance to only a small faction of the M. oryzae strains. In the field, however, rice is commonly attacked by multiple strains. Research is therefore needed to identify loci that confer resistance in the field, i.e., "field blast resistance". To identify loci associated with field blast resistance (LAFBRs), we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using the rice diversity panel 1 (RDP1) cultivars. These cultivars were evaluated in the field in three major rice production areas of China.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GWAS identified 16 LAFBRs. Among them, 13 are novel and the other three are co-localized with known blast resistance regions. Seventy-four candidate genes are identified in the 16 LAFBR regions, which encode receptor-like protein kinases, transcription factors, and other defense-related proteins. Using the rice transcriptome data, compared with the rice-rice blast compatible interaction, we identified seven candidate genes that are significantly up-regulated and five genes that are significantly down-regulated in the incompatible interaction among the candidate genes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified 16 LAFBRs involved in field resistance to M. oryzae and 20 cultivars that exhibit high levels of resistance in both the field and growth chamber. The resistant cultivars and the SNP markers identified in this study should be useful for marker-assisted selection of new rice cultivars that confer high levels of resistance against M. oryzae field populations.
authors: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.|Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization and College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, People's Republic of China.
authors: Dan
authors: D
authors: Zhu
authors: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors: Houxiang
authors: H
authors: Kang
authors: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors: Zhiqiang
authors: Z
authors: Li
authors: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.|Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization and College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, People's Republic of China.
authors: Minghao
authors: M
authors: Liu
authors: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors: Xiaoli
authors: X
authors: Zhu
authors: Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization and College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yue
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization and College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, People's Republic of China.
authors: Dan
authors: D
authors: Wang
authors: Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization and College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, People's Republic of China.
authors: Zhilong
authors: Z
authors: Wang
authors: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors: Wende
authors: W
authors: Liu
authors: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China. wang.620@osu.edu.|Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization and College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, People's Republic of China. wang.620@osu.edu.|Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. wang.620@osu.edu.
authors: Guo-Liang
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8877-3064
authors: GL
authors: Wang
keywords: Field blast resistance; GWAS; LAFBR; Magnaporthe oryzae; Rice