title: Near-Infrared Optical Imaging Noninvasively Detects Acutely Damaged Muscle.
abstract: Muscle damage is currently assessed through methods such as muscle biopsy, serum biomarkers, functional testing, and imaging procedures, each with its own inherent limitations, and a pressing need for a safe, repeatable, inexpensive, and noninvasive modality to assess the state of muscle health remains. Our aim was to develop and assess near-infrared (NIR) optical imaging as a novel noninvasive method of detecting and quantifying muscle damage. An immobilization-reambulation model was used for inducing muscle damage and recovery in the lower hindlimbs in mice. Confirmation of muscle damage was obtained using in vivo indocyanine green-enhanced NIR optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, and ex vivo tissue analysis. The soleus of the immobilized-reambulated hindlimb was found to have a greater amount of muscle damage compared to that in the contralateral nonimmobilized limb, confirmed by in vivo indocyanine green-enhanced NIR optical imaging (3.86-fold increase in radiant efficiency), magnetic resonance imaging (1.41-fold increase in T2), and an ex vivo spectrophotometric assay of indocyanine green uptake (1.87-fold increase in normalized absorbance). Contrast-enhanced NIR optical imaging provides a sensitive, rapid, and noninvasive screening method that can be used for imaging and quantifying muscle damage and recovery in vivo.
authors: Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
authors: Stephen M
authors: SM
authors: Chrzanowski
authors: Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
authors: Abhinandan
authors: A
authors: Batra
authors: Department of Biochemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
authors: Brittany
authors: B
authors: Lee-McMullen
authors: Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
authors: Ravneet S
authors: RS
authors: Vohra
authors: Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
authors: Sean C
authors: SC
authors: Forbes
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
authors: Huabei
authors: H
authors: Jiang
authors: Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
authors: Krista
authors: K
authors: Vandenborne
authors: Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. Electronic address: glennw@ufl.edu.
authors: Glenn A
authors: GA
authors: Walter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green