title: Pyrosequencing analysis revealed complex endogenetic microorganism community from natural DongChong XiaCao and its microhabitat.
abstract: Ophiocordyceps sinensis (DongChong XiaCao (DCXC) in Chinese), a fungal parasite of caterpillars, is a traditional Chinese medicine. Bioactive components isolated from natural DCXC possess a wide range of pharmacological actions. Many efforts have been directed towards isolating the fungi based on culture-dependent methods for investigation of fungal diversity in order to determine the anamorph of natural DCXC and find new medicinal fungi resources, and the results have been varied.
  
  
  
  In the present study, a total of 44,588 bacterial and 51,584 fungal sequences corresponding to 11,694 and 9297 putative operational taxonomic units (OTU) were respectively identified by a Roche/454-based, high throughput sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes and ITS regions. The main bacterial groups were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, while the Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Zygomycota were the main fungal phyla. Proteobacteria presented 68.4, 49.5, 38.9 and 35.6 % of all bacteria in the sclerotia, stromata, external mycelial cortices and soil, respectively. As the main fungi phyla, Ascomycota presented 21.0, 45.6 26.4 and 59.3 % in the sclerotia, stromata, external mycelial cortices and soil, respectively. Bacterial and fungal communities were more diverse in the environmental sample than in the natural DCXC sample. Microbial communities were obviously distinct in each sample. Several novel unclassifiable bacterial (10.41 %) and fungal (37.92 %) species were also detected.
  
  
  
  This study revealed an abundant endogenetic fungal and bacterial resources and a variety of genetic information in natural DCXC by high-throughput 454 sequencing technology. Microorganism that had been discovered in natural DCXC will provide sources for screening the new bioactive metabolites and its biotechnological application.
authors: Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody (Ministry of Education), and School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1-411# Agriculture and Biology Building, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.|Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, E-401-8#, Life Science Building, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China.
authors: Fei
authors: F
authors: Xia
authors: Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody (Ministry of Education), and School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1-411# Agriculture and Biology Building, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody (Ministry of Education), and School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1-411# Agriculture and Biology Building, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
authors: Meng-Yuan
authors: MY
authors: Guo
authors: Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody (Ministry of Education), and School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1-411# Agriculture and Biology Building, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
authors: Guang-Rong
authors: GR
authors: Shen
authors: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, E-401-8#, Life Science Building, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China. linjuan@fudan.edu.cn.
authors: Juan
authors: J
authors: Lin
authors: Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody (Ministry of Education), and School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1-411# Agriculture and Biology Building, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China. xuanweizhou@sjtu.edu.cn.
authors: Xuan-Wei
authors: XW
authors: Zhou
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D044822:Biodiversity; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D017753:Ecosystem; D005658:Fungi / Q000235:genetics*; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000379:methods*; D064307:Microbiota; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012987:Soil; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D018609:Tibet
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012987:Soil
keywords: Community diversity; Microhabitats; Microorganism community; Ophiocordyceps sinensis; Pyrosequencing