title: Effects of Dispatcher-assisted Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation on Survival Outcomes in Infants, Children, and Adolescents with Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrests.
abstract: We studied the effect of a dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) program on paediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) outcomes by age groups.
  
  
  
  All emergency medical services (EMS)-treated paediatric OHCAs in Korea were enrolled between 2012 and 2014, excluding cases witnessed by EMS providers and those with unknown outcomes. The cases were divided into three groups: bystander CPR with dispatcher assistance, bystander CPR without dispatcher assistance, and no-bystander CPR. The endpoint was survival until discharge from hospital. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed. The final model with an interaction term was evaluated to compare the effects across age groups.
  
  
  
  A total of 1529 patients (32.8% bystander CPR with dispatcher assistance, 17.3% without dispatcher assistance, and 54.6% no-bystander CPR) were included. Both bystander CPR groups were more likely to have higher rate of survival to discharge (8.8% and 12.1%) compared to no-bystander CPR (3.9%). The adjusted OR (95% CI) for survival to discharge were 1.77 (1.04-3.00) in bystander CPR with dispatcher assistance and 2.86 (1.61-5.08) in without dispatcher assistance compared with no-bystander CPR. By age groups, the adjusted OR (95% CI) in bystander CPR with and without dispatcher assistance were 2.18 (1.07-4.42) and 2.27 (1.01-5.14) for the group aged 9-18 years; 2.32 (0.64-8.44) and 6.21 (1.83-21.01) for the group aged 1-8 years; 1.06 (0.41-2.77) and 2.00 (0.64-6.18) for the group aged 0-12 months, respectively.
  
  
  
  Bystander CPR, regardless of dispatcher assistance, was associated with improved survival outcomes after OHCA in the paediatric population. However, the associations between dispatcher-assisted bystander CPR and survival outcomes varied by age.
authors: Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute. Electronic address: Ro.youngsun@gmail.com.
authors: Young Sun
authors: YS
authors: Ro
authors: Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute; Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine. Electronic address: shinsangdo@gmail.com.
authors: Sang Do
authors: SD
authors: Shin
authors: Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute; Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine. Electronic address: skciva@gmail.com.
authors: Kyoung Jun
authors: KJ
authors: Song
authors: Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute; Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center. Electronic address: emkjhong@gmail.com.
authors: Ki Jeong
authors: KJ
authors: Hong
authors: Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute. Electronic address: arendt75@gmail.com.
authors: Ki Ok
authors: KO
authors: Ahn
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine. Electronic address: birdbeak@naver.com.
authors: Do Kyun
authors: DK
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine. Electronic address: yhkwak@snuh.org.
authors: Young Ho
authors: YH
authors: Kwak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000193:education / Q000401:mortality* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D000071822:Emergency Medical Dispatcher; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D058687:Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D016019:Survival Analysis
keywords: Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Cardiac Arrest; Dispatcher