title: Evaluation of antifungal activities and structure-activity relationships of coumarin derivatives.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Osthol is a natural coumarin and lead compound that has been developed into commercial fungicides in China. Natural coumarins comprise five major subtypes: simple coumarins, linear furanocoumarins, angular furanocoumarins, linear pyranocoumarins and angular pyranocoumarins. Studies pertaining to the antifungal activities of linear pyranocoumarins are few, and no reports exist for the antifungal activities of angular pyranocoumarins. In order to discover more antifungal natural coumarins, we synthesised a series of simple natural coumarins and isolated several plant-based furanocoumarins and pyranocoumarins using previously described methods. The compounds were biologically evaluated against some plant fungal pathogens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Several of the 35 coumarins evaluated here exhibited strong activities against specific fungal species, including compound 25 (Pd-D-V, a linear pyranocoumarin), compound 26 (libanorin, an angular furanocoumarin) and compound 34 (disenecioyl khellactone, an angular pyranocoumarin). Compound 25 exhibited a high activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (EC50= 13.2 µg mL-1); compound 34 displayed a strong antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea (EC50= 11.0 µg mL-1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that several natural coumarins (one linear pyranocoumarin and one angular pyranocoumarin in particular) exhibit strong antifungal activities. These results call for further studies, where these coumarins can be examined as potential lead compounds for developing novel antifungal agents. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors: Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.|Jiangsu Centre for Research and Development of Medicinal Plants, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors: Ping-Ping
authors: PP
authors: Song
authors: Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Zhao
authors: Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Ministry of Education, Yantai, Shandong Province, China.
authors: Zong-Liang
authors: ZL
authors: Liu
authors: Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors: Ya-Bing
authors: YB
authors: Duan
authors: Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors: Yi-Ping
authors: YP
authors: Hou
authors: Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors: Chun-Qing
authors: CQ
authors: Zhao
authors: Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Wu
authors: Jiangsu Centre for Research and Development of Medicinal Plants, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Wei
authors: Jiangsu Centre for Research and Development of Medicinal Plants, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors: Nian-He
authors: NH
authors: Wang
authors: Jiangsu Centre for Research and Development of Medicinal Plants, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors: Ye
authors: Y
authors: Lv
authors: Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors: Zhao-Jun
authors: ZJ
authors: Han
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D003374:Coumarins / Q000737:chemistry*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000737:chemistry*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D010944:Plants / Q000382:microbiology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D003374:Coumarins; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial
keywords: angular pyranocoumarin; antifungal activity; linear pyranocoumarin; natural coumarins; structure-activity relationships