title: Reduced small world brain connectivity in probands with a family history of epilepsy.
abstract: The role of inheritance in ascertaining susceptibility to epilepsy is well established, although the pathogenetic mechanisms are still not very clear. Interviewing for a positive family history is a popular epidemiological tool in the understanding of this susceptibility. Our aim was to visualize and localize network abnormalities that could be associated with a positive family history in a group of patients with hot water epilepsy (HWE) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI).
  
  
  
  Graph theory analysis of rsfMRI (clustering coefficient γ; path length λ; small worldness σ) in probands with a positive family history of epilepsy (FHE+, 25) were compared with probands without FHE (FHE-, 33). Whether a closer biological relationship was associated with a higher likelihood of network abnormalities was also ascertained.
  
  
  
  A positive family history of epilepsy had decreased γ, increased λ and decreased σ in bilateral temporofrontal regions compared to FHE- (false discovery rate corrected P ≤ 0.0062). These changes were more pronounced in probands having first degree relatives and siblings with epilepsy. Probands with multiple types of epilepsy in the family showed decreased σ in comparison to only HWE in the family.
  
  
  
  Graph theory analysis of the rsfMRI can be used to understand the neurobiology of diseases like genetic susceptibility in HWE. Reduced small worldness, proportional to the degree of relationship, is consistent with the current understanding that disease severity is higher in closer biological relations.
authors: Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
authors: R D
authors: RD
authors: Bharath
authors: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.|Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Chaitanya
authors: Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Panda
authors: Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Raghavendra
authors: Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Sinha
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT), Newark, NJ, USA.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Sahoo
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT), Newark, NJ, USA.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Gohel
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT), Newark, NJ, USA.
authors: B B
authors: BB
authors: Biswal
authors: Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Satishchandra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002648:Child; D063132:Connectome; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D059907:Functional Neuroimaging; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D035781:Siblings; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: clustering coefficient; family history of epilepsy; hot water epilepsy; path length; small worldness