title: Effect of hypoxia on the expression of genes encoding insulin-like growth factors and some related proteins in U87 glioma cells without IRE1 function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of hypoxia on the expression of genes encoding insulin-like growth factors (IGF1 and IGF2), their receptor (IGF1R), binding protein-4 (IGFBP4), and stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) in U87 glioma cells in relation to inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling mediated by IRE1 (inositol requiring enzyme 1) for evaluation of their possible significance in the control of tumor growth.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of IGF1, IGF2, IGF1R, IGFBP4, and STC2 genes in U87 glioma cells transfected by empty vector pcDNA3.1 (control) and cells without IRE1 signaling enzyme function (transfected by dnIRE1) upon hypoxia was studied by qPCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of IGF1 and IGF2 genes is down-regulated in glioma cells without IRE1 signaling enzyme function in comparison with the control cells. At the same time, the expression of IGF1R, IGFBP4, and STC2 genes was up-regulated in glioma cells upon inhibition of IRE1, with more significant changes for IGFBP4 and STC2 genes. We also showed that hypoxia does not change significantly the expression of IGF1, IGF2, and IGF1R genes but up-regulated IGFBP4 and STC2 genes expression in control glioma cells. Moreover, the inhibition of both enzymatic activities (kinase and endoribonuclease) of IRE1 in glioma cells does not change significantly the effect of hypoxia on the expression of IGF1, IGF1R, and IGFBP4 genes but introduces sensitivity of IGF2 gene to hypoxic condition. Thus, the expression of IGF2 gene is resistant to hypoxia only in control glioma cells and significantly down-regulated in cells without functional activity of IRE1 signaling enzyme, which is central mediator of the unfolded protein response and an important component of the tumor growth as well as metabolic diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this study demonstrate that the expression of IGF1 and IGF1R genes is resistant to hypoxic condition both in control U87 glioma cells and cells without IRE1 signaling enzyme function. However, hypoxia significantly up-regulates the expression of IGFBP4 gene independently on the inhibition of IRE1 enzyme. These data show that proteins encoded by these genes are resistant to hypoxia except IGFBP4 and participate in the regulation of metabolic and proliferative processes through IRE1 signaling.
authors: Dmytro O
authors: DO
authors: Minchenko
authors: A P
authors: AP
authors: Kharkova
authors: O V
authors: OV
authors: Halkin
authors: L L
authors: LL
authors: Karbovskyi
authors: O H
authors: OH
authors: Minchenko
mesh_terms: D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004722:Endoribonucleases / Q000502:physiology*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D018974:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4 / Q000235:genetics*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013002:Somatomedins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D018974:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C114997:STC2 protein, human; D013002:Somatomedins; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1; C528229:ERN1 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D004722:Endoribonucleases