title: Non-genetic sources of variation and temporal variability in growth and feed efficiency traits among phylogenetically distinct clusters of indigenous chicken in Kenya.
abstract: This study aims to investigate the influence of non-genetic factors on feed efficiency in indigenous chicken. Residual feed intake (RFI), residual gain (RG) and residual intake and gain (RIG) were used as measures of feed efficiency. Feed intake and body weight data were collected on 107 experimental birds on a daily and weekly basis, respectively, from ages 11 to 20 weeks. A general linear model was fitted to determine the effect of sex, cluster, genotype and hatch group on mean performance and to assess temporal variation across clusters. The overall mean performance for daily gain (ADG), daily feed intake (ADFI), weekly metabolic body weight (MBW), RFI, RG and RIG was 10.38 g/day, 133.01 g/day, 164.12 g/day, 0.00 (±14.23), 0.00 (±1.83) and 0.00 (±14.64), respectively. Sex significantly influenced variation in ADG and RG while hatch group influenced all traits except ADFI. Cluster and genotype had no effect on the traits. Interaction between sex and cluster significantly influenced ADFI, RFI and RIG. There was a significant temporal variation within and among clusters resulting in re-ranking of the phylogenetic groups in efficiency across the test period. Results indicate that growth and feed efficiency traits are influenced by non-genetic factors which should be accounted for, to reduce bias and improve accuracy of performance evaluations in the indigenous chicken.
authors: Smallholder IC Improvement Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, PO Box 536, 20115, Egerton, Kenya.
authors: Sophie
authors: S
authors: Miyumo
authors: Animal Breeding and Genomics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, PO Box 536, 20115, Egerton, Kenya.
authors: Alexander K
authors: AK
authors: Kahi
authors: Department of Animal Sciences, Maseno University, PO private bag 40105, Maseno, Kenya. wasikebwire@yahoo.co.uk.
authors: Chrilukovian B
authors: CB
authors: Wasike
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D007630:Kenya; D008297:Male; D010375:Pedigree; D010802:Phylogeny; D014329:Tropical Climate; D015430:Weight Gain
keywords: Feed efficiency; Indigenous chicken; Non-genetic factors