title: Dietary supplementation of L-glutamine and L-glutamate in broiler chicks subjected to delayed placement.
abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary glutamine (Gln) + glutamic acid (Glu) supplementation on growth performance and physiological stress response in broiler chickens subjected to 24 h delay in placement. Equal number of day-old broiler chicks were assigned to either immediate placement or with 24 h delay in placement with no access to feed and water. Chicks from each placement group were fed either standard starter diet (control) or standard starter diet +1% AminoGut (AG; mixture of 10% Gln and 10% Glu) from 1 to 21 d. Blood and duodenal samples were collected at 21 d for analysis of serum levels of ceruloplasmin (CER), ovotransferin (OVT) and α-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP), duodenal heat shock protein (HSP) 70 expression, and villi length and crypt depth. Results showed that delayed placement for 24 h was detrimental to weight gain during the starter phase (1 to 21 d) but not thereafter. AG supplementation was not able to eliminate that reduction in weight gain and feed intake during the starter stage. However, the observed enhancement in villi length and crypt depth at d 21 resulted in improvement of FCR and weight gain during the finisher stage (22 to 42 d) and consequently the overall period (1 to 42 d). Broiler chickens supplemented with AG also showed lower mortality rate, and higher AGP, OVT, CER, and HSP 70 expression compared to their control counterparts. Based on AGP, OVT, CER, and HSP 70 expression, there is no indication that delayed placement was physiologically stressful to the broiler chickens at 21 d of age.
authors: Institute of Tropical Agriculture zulidrus@upm.edu.my.|Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Zulkifli
authors: Institute of Tropical Agriculture.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Shakeri
authors: Institute of Tropical Agriculture.
authors: A F
authors: AF
authors: Soleimani
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005508:Food Deprivation / Q000502:physiology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005973:Glutamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014868:Water Deprivation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005973:Glutamine; D018698:Glutamic Acid
keywords: HSP 70; acute phase protein; broiler; delayed placement; glutamine