title: Soluble ST2 Levels and Left Ventricular Structure and Function in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A biomarker that is of great interest in relation to adverse cardiovascular events is soluble ST2 (sST2), a member of the interleukin family. Considering that metabolic syndrome (MetS) is accompanied by a proinflammatory state, we aimed to assess the relationship between sST2 and left ventricular (LV) structure and function in patients with MetS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicentric, cross-sectional study was conducted on180 MetS subjects with normal LV ejection fraction as determined by echocardiography. LV hypertrophy (LVH) was defined as an LV mass index greater than the gender-specific upper limit of normal as determined by echocardiography. LV diastolic dysfunction (DD) was assessed by pulse-wave and tissue Doppler imaging. sST2 was measured by using a quantitative monoclonal ELISA assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LV mass index (β=0.337, P<0.001, linear regression) was independently associated with sST2 concentrations. Increased sST2 was associated with an increased likelihood of LVH [Exp (B)=2.20, P=0.048, logistic regression] and increased systolic blood pressure [Exp (B)=1.02, P=0.05, logistic regression]. Comparing mean sST2 concentrations (adjusted for age, body mass index, gender) between different LV remodeling patterns, we found the greatest sST2 level in the group with concentric hypertrophy. There were no differences in sST2 concentration between groups with and without LV DD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased sST2 concentration in patients with MetS was associated with a greater likelihood of exhibiting LVH. Our results suggest that inflammation could be one of the principal triggering mechanisms for LV remodeling in MetS.
authors: Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.|University Hospital Centre "Dr DragisaMisovic-Dedinje", Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Vera
authors: V
authors: Celic
authors: University Hospital Centre "Dr DragisaMisovic-Dedinje", Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Anka
authors: A
authors: Majstorovic
authors: Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.|University Hospital Centre "Dr DragisaMisovic-Dedinje", Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Biljana
authors: B
authors: Pencic-Popovic
authors: University Hospital Centre "Dr DragisaMisovic-Dedinje", Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Aleksandra
authors: A
authors: Sljivic
authors: Miguel Servet Foundation-Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain.
authors: Natalia
authors: N
authors: Lopez-Andres
authors: Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors: Ignacio
authors: I
authors: Roy
authors: Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Escribano
authors: Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors: Maite
authors: M
authors: Beunza
authors: Miguel Servet Foundation-Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain.
authors: Amaia
authors: A
authors: Melero
authors: School of Medicine and Psychology, La Sapienza University, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors: Federico
authors: F
authors: Floridi
authors: School of Medicine and Psychology, La Sapienza University, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Magrini
authors: School of Medicine and Psychology, La Sapienza University, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors: Rossella
authors: R
authors: Marino
authors: School of Medicine and Psychology, La Sapienza University, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors: Gerardo
authors: G
authors: Salerno
authors: School of Medicine and Psychology, La Sapienza University, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors: Patrizia
authors: P
authors: Cardelli
authors: School of Medicine and Psychology, La Sapienza University, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy. salvatore.disomma@uniroma1.it.
authors: Salvatore
authors: S
authors: Di Somma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000072179:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve; D012737:Sex Factors; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C079241:IL1RL1 protein, human; D000072179:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein
keywords: Echocardiography; Left ventricular hypertrophy; Metabolic syndrome; Soluble ST2