title: Low-grade serous ovarian cancer: A review.
abstract: Epithelial ovarian cancers can be divided into the more common, aggressive type II cancers and the less common, slow-growing type I cancers. Under this model, serous ovarian carcinomas can be subdivided into high-grade (type II) and low-grade (type I) tumours. The two-tier system for grading serous ovarian carcinomas is superior to more detailed grading systems in terms of predicting survival. Low-grade serous carcinomas typically present in young women and have a relatively good prognosis, despite being resistant to chemotherapy. Low-grade serous cancers have a high prevalence of KRAS and BRAF mutations, but a low prevalence of TP53 mutations (which are characteristic of high-grade serous cancers). Among women with low-grade serous ovarian cancer, the presence of a KRAS/BRAF mutation is a favorable prognostic factor. Studies of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor in low-grade serous ovarian cancer suggest that identifying MAPK mutations might eventually be useful in guiding treatment.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
authors: Anis
authors: A
authors: Kaldawy
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
authors: Yakir
authors: Y
authors: Segev
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
authors: Ofer
authors: O
authors: Lavie
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
authors: Ron
authors: R
authors: Auslender
authors: Women's College Research Institute, Familial Breast Cancer Research Unit, Toronto, Canada.
authors: Victoria
authors: V
authors: Sopik
authors: Women's College Research Institute, Familial Breast Cancer Research Unit, Toronto, Canada. Electronic address: steven.narod@wchospital.ca.
authors: Steven A
authors: SA
authors: Narod
mesh_terms: D018394:CA-125 Antigen / Q000097:blood; D000077216:Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; D018284:Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D016158:Genes, p53; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009375:Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018394:CA-125 Antigen; C482653:ITPRID2 protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; C482119:BRAF protein, human; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf
keywords: BRAF mutations; Epithelial ovarian cancer; High-grade serous ovarian cancer; Low-grade serous ovarian cancer; MAPK inhibitors