title: Bioavailability and bioaccessibility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in historically contaminated soils after lab incubation with sewage sludge-derived biochars.
abstract: The objective of this study was to estimate the effectiveness of application of sewage sludge-derived biochars for the immobilisation of freely dissolved (Cfree) and bioaccessible (Cbioacc) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in contaminated soils. Soil SL-COK collected from the area of a coking plant and soil SL-BIT collected from the area of a plant producing bituminous materials were chosen for the study. The biochars were produced from sewage sludge at temperatures of 500 °C (BC500) or 700 °C (BC700). The biochars were mixed with the soil at the dose of 5% and incubated for a period of 60 d. The content of PAHs was determined with the use of polyoxymethylene (POM) (Cfree) or a solution of cyclodextrins and silicon rod elastomer (Cbioacc). Biochars reduced the content of Cfree and Cbioacc PAHs in soils. A higher level of reduction was noted for Cfree PAHs than for Cbioacc PAHs. Biochar produced at 700 °C was more effective in the reduction of Cfree and Cbioacc PAHs than biochar produced at 500 °C. It was found that in the soil in which the source of contamination were processes related with the production of bituminous materials (SL-BIT), the effect of reduction of Cfree and Cbioacc was greater than in soil SL-COK where the source of PAHs were coking processes. It also needs to be emphasised that soil SL-BIT, for which better reduction of PAHs was noted, was also characterised by a lower affinity towards those compounds than soil SL-COK.
authors: Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031, Lublin, Poland.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Zielińska
authors: Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031, Lublin, Poland. Electronic address: patryk.oleszczuk@poczta.umcs.lublin.pl.
authors: Patryk
authors: P
authors: Oleszczuk
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D003505:Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry*; D012117:Resins, Synthetic / Q000737:chemistry; D012722:Sewage; D012825:Silicon / Q000737:chemistry; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D003505:Cyclodextrins; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; D012722:Sewage; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C540010:biochar; D002606:Charcoal; D002244:Carbon; C010102:delrin; D012825:Silicon
keywords: Bioaccessibility; Bioavailability; Biochar; Biochar-amended soil; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Sewage sludge