title: Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of Baccharis psiadioides essential oil against antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus faecalis strains.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Baccharis psiadioides (Less.) Joch. Müller (Asteraceae) is considered as a producer of bioactive essential oils and is used in south Brazilian folk medicine for its proprieties as stimulant, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and as an antidote for snake bites.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To verify the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of the essential oil of B. psiadioides (EOBP) against antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus faecalis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The initial evaluation of EOBP activity was conducted by the agar and microdilution methods against 13 antibiotic-resistant E. faecalis strains. The antibiofilm effect was determined by the application of EOBP in the earlier adherent cells or to the stabilized biofilm for 24 h and was evaluated by crystal violet, viability and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) assays. Chemical composition of EOBP was determined by gas chromatography (GC/FID - GC/MS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MIC values for EOBP were at least 1.25% and 4-16% for agar and microdilution assays, respectively. The EOBP reduced the microbial adherence and the viability of the cells, but did not cause the complete disruption of biofilms. SEM images indicate that EOBP influences the adherence of cells to a surface. The monoterpene β-pinene was the major constituent identified in EOBP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This research shows the ability of EOBP to control resistant E. faecalis strains and to reduce the biofilm amount attached to abiotic surfaces, indicating its role as a promising new natural antimicrobial agent. Moreover, these results further contribute to the growing number of studies of plant natural products which suggest that these compounds can combat resistant microorganisms.
authors: a Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil.|b Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Agronomia, Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil.
authors: Mateus de Oliveira
authors: MO
authors: Negreiros
authors: b Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Agronomia, Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil.
authors: Ângela
authors: Â
authors: Pawlowski
authors: c Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Instituto de Química , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Agronomia, Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil.
authors: Cláudia Alcaraz
authors: CA
authors: Zini
authors: b Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Agronomia, Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil.
authors: Geraldo Luiz Gonçalves
authors: GL
authors: Soares
authors: a Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil.
authors: Amanda de Souza
authors: AS
authors: Motta
authors: a Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil.
authors: Ana Paula Guedes
authors: AP
authors: Frazzon
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031175:Baccharis; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Beta-pinene; monoterpe; natural product