title: Ebola Virus Disease Diagnostics, Sierra Leone: Analysis of Real-time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction Values for Clinical Blood and Oral Swab Specimens.
abstract: During the Ebola virus outbreak of 2013-2016, the Viral Special Pathogens Branch field laboratory in Sierra Leone tested approximately 26 000 specimens between August 2014 and October 2015. Analysis of the B2M endogenous control Ct values showed its utility in monitoring specimen quality, comparing results with different specimen types, and interpretation of results. For live patients, blood is the most sensitive specimen type and oral swabs have little diagnostic utility. However, swabs are highly sensitive for diagnostic testing of corpses.
authors: Viral Special Pathogens Branch.
authors: Bobbie R
authors: BR
authors: Erickson
authors: Viral Special Pathogens Branch.
authors: Tara K
authors: TK
authors: Sealy
authors: Viral Special Pathogens Branch.
authors: Tim
authors: T
authors: Flietstra
authors: Viral Special Pathogens Branch.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Morgan
authors: Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
authors: Brima
authors: B
authors: Kargbo
authors: Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
authors: Victor E
authors: VE
authors: Matt-Lebby
authors: Viral Special Pathogens Branch.
authors: Aridth
authors: A
authors: Gibbons
authors: Viral Special Pathogens Branch.
authors: Ayan K
authors: AK
authors: Chakrabarti
authors: Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch.
authors: James
authors: J
authors: Graziano
authors: Viral Special Pathogens Branch.
authors: Lance
authors: L
authors: Presser
authors: Viral Special Pathogens Branch.
authors: Mike
authors: M
authors: Flint
authors: Viral Special Pathogens Branch.
authors: Brian H
authors: BH
authors: Bird
authors: Viral Special Pathogens Branch.
authors: Shelley
authors: S
authors: Brown
authors: Division of Global Health Protection, CDC, Beijing, China.
authors: John D
authors: JD
authors: Klena
authors: Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch.
authors: Dianna M
authors: DM
authors: Blau
authors: Arboviral Diseases Branch.
authors: Aaron C
authors: AC
authors: Brault
authors: Influenza Division, Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch.
authors: Jessica A
authors: JA
authors: Belser
authors: Pox and Rabies Branch.
authors: Johanna S
authors: JS
authors: Salzer
authors: Viral Special Pathogens Branch.
authors: Amy J
authors: AJ
authors: Schuh
authors: Viral Special Pathogens Branch.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Lo
authors: Viral Special Pathogens Branch.
authors: Marko
authors: M
authors: Zivcec
authors: Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch.
authors: Rachael A
authors: RA
authors: Priestley
authors: Division of Blood Disorders.
authors: Meredith
authors: M
authors: Pyle
authors: Arboviral Diseases Branch.
authors: Christin
authors: C
authors: Goodman
authors: Bacterial Diseases Branch, CDC, Fort Collins, Colorado.
authors: Scott
authors: S
authors: Bearden
authors: Viral Special Pathogens Branch.
authors: Brian R
authors: BR
authors: Amman
authors: Arboviral Diseases Branch.
authors: Alison
authors: A
authors: Basile
authors: Viral Special Pathogens Branch.
authors: Éric
authors: É
authors: Bergeron
authors: Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Virus Laboratory Branch.
authors: Michael D
authors: MD
authors: Bowen
authors: School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis.
authors: Kimberly A
authors: KA
authors: Dodd
authors: Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch.
authors: Molly M
authors: MM
authors: Freeman
authors: Viral Special Pathogens Branch.
authors: Laura K
authors: LK
authors: McMullan
authors: Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch.
authors: Christopher D
authors: CD
authors: Paddock
authors: Arboviral Diseases Branch.
authors: Brandy J
authors: BJ
authors: Russell
authors: Office of Technology and Innovation.
authors: Angela J
authors: AJ
authors: Sanchez
authors: Viral Special Pathogens Branch.
authors: Jonathan S
authors: JS
authors: Towner
authors: Influenza Division, Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Wang
authors: Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch.
authors: Galina E
authors: GE
authors: Zemtsova
authors: Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch.
authors: Robyn A
authors: RA
authors: Stoddard
authors: Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch.
authors: Maryann
authors: M
authors: Turnsek
authors: Viral Special Pathogens Branch.
authors: Lisa Wiggleton
authors: LW
authors: Guerrero
authors: Influenza Division, Virology, Surveillance, and Diagnosis Branch.
authors: Shannon L
authors: SL
authors: Emery
authors: Arboviral Diseases Branch.
authors: Janae
authors: J
authors: Stovall
authors: Viral Special Pathogens Branch.
authors: Markus H
authors: MH
authors: Kainulainen
authors: Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch.
authors: Jamie L
authors: JL
authors: Perniciaro
authors: Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Virus Laboratory Branch.
authors: Slavica
authors: S
authors: Mijatovic-Rustempasic
authors: Inorganic and Radiation Analytical Toxicology Branch.
authors: Gulchekhra
authors: G
authors: Shakirova
authors: Influenza Division, Virology, Surveillance, and Diagnosis Branch.
authors: Jörn
authors: J
authors: Winter
authors: Bacterial Diseases Branch, CDC, Fort Collins, Colorado.
authors: Christopher
authors: C
authors: Sexton
authors: Influenza Division, Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch.
authors: Feng
authors: F
authors: Liu
authors: Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch.
authors: Kimetha
authors: K
authors: Slater
authors: Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Herpes Virus Laboratory Branch.
authors: Raydel
authors: R
authors: Anderson
authors: Laboratory Preparedness and Response Branch.
authors: Lauren
authors: L
authors: Andersen
authors: Viral Special Pathogens Branch.
authors: Cheng-Feng
authors: CF
authors: Chiang
authors: Influenza Division, Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch.
authors: Wen-Pin
authors: WP
authors: Tzeng
authors: Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch.
authors: Samuel J
authors: SJ
authors: Crowe
authors: Developmental Disabilities Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia.
authors: Matthew J
authors: MJ
authors: Maenner
authors: Viral Special Pathogens Branch.
authors: Christina F
authors: CF
authors: Spiropoulou
authors: Viral Special Pathogens Branch.
authors: Stuart T
authors: ST
authors: Nichol
authors: Viral Special Pathogens Branch.
authors: Ute
authors: U
authors: Ströher
mesh_terms: D064790:Clinical Laboratory Services; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D029043:Ebolavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019142:Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007753:Laboratories; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012807:Sierra Leone / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: Ebola virus; West Africa; endogenous control; housekeeping gene; qRT-PCR