title: Impact of 9/11-related chronic conditions and PTSD comorbidity on early retirement and job loss among World Trade Center disaster rescue and recovery workers.
abstract: The economic impact of the 9/11 terrorist attacks has rarely been studied. We examined the association between 9/11-related chronic health conditions with or without post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and one important aspect of the economic impact, retirement, and job loss before age 60.
  
  
  
  A total of 7,662 workers who participated in the World Trade Center Health Registry surveys were studied. Logistic regression models examined the association of 9/11-related health and labor force exit.
  
  
  
  Workers with chronic conditions were more likely to experience early retirement and job loss, and the association was stronger in the presence of PTSD comorbidity: the odds ratios for reporting early retirement or job loss were increased considerably when chronic conditions were comorbid with PTSD.
  
  
  
  Disaster-related health burden directly impacts premature labor force exit and income. Future evaluation of disaster outcome should include its long-term impact on labor force. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:731-741, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, New York.
authors: Shengchao
authors: S
authors: Yu
authors: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, New York.
authors: Robert M
authors: RM
authors: Brackbill
authors: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, New York.
authors: Sean
authors: S
authors: Locke
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York.
authors: Steven D
authors: SD
authors: Stellman
authors: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, New York.
authors: Lisa M
authors: LM
authors: Gargano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003132:Commerce / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015897:Comorbidity; D060389:Construction Industry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004522:Educational Status; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D019981:Health Care Sector / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D012042:Registries; D018635:Rescue Work / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012179:Retirement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D047851:September 11 Terrorist Attacks; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014478:Unemployment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: 9/11 health impact; comorbidity; disaster; early retirement; economic impact; employment; job loss; post-traumatic stress disorder