title: The Effects of Inflammatory Tooth Pain on Anxiety in Adult Male Rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to examine the effects of induced inflammatory tooth pain on anxiety level in adult male rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The mandibular incisors of 56 adult male rats were cut off and prefabricated crowns were fixed on the teeth. Formalin and capsaicin were injected intradentally to induce inflammatory tooth pain. Diazepam treated group received diazepam 30 minutes before intradental injection. The anxiety-related behavior was evaluated with elevated plus maze test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intradental application of chemical noxious stimuli, capsaicin and formalin, significantly affected nociceptive behaviors (P<0.001). Capsaicin (P<0.001) and formalin (P<0.01) significantly increased the anxiety levels in rats by decrease in the duration of time spent in open arm and increase in the duration of time spent in closed arm. Rats that received capsaicin made fewer open arm entries compared to the control animals (P<0.05). Capsaicin (P<0.001) and formalin (P<0.01) treated rats showed more stretch attend postures compared to the control and sham operated animals. In diazepampretreated rats, capsaicin induced algesic effect was prevented (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inflammatory pulpal pain has anxiogenic effect on rats, whereas diazepam premedication showed both anxiolytic and pain reducing effects.
authors: Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors: Maryam
authors: M
authors: Raoof
authors: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors: Hamed
authors: H
authors: Ebrahimnejad
authors: Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
authors: Mehdi
authors: M
authors: Abbasnejad
authors: Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors: Ladan
authors: L
authors: Amirkhosravi
authors: Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors: Ramin
authors: R
authors: Raoof
authors: Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors: Saeed
authors: S
authors: Esmaeili Mahani
authors: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran.
authors: Mohsen
authors: M
authors: Ramazani
authors: Dental Research Center, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Noushin
authors: N
authors: Shokouhinejad
authors: Dental Research Center, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Mehrfam
authors: M
authors: Khoshkhounejad
keywords: Anxiety; Capsaicin; Diazepam; Elevated plus maze; Formalin; Odontalgia