title: Distinct Bacterial Microbiomes in Sexual and Asexual Potamopyrgus antipodarum, a New Zealand Freshwater Snail.
abstract: Different reproductive strategies and the transition to asexuality can be associated with microbial symbionts. Whether such a link exists within mollusks has never been evaluated. We took the first steps towards addressing this possibility by performing pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes associated with Potamopyrgus antipodarum, a New Zealand freshwater snail. A diverse set of 60 tissue collections from P. antipodarum that were genetically and geographically distinct and either obligately sexual or asexual were included, which allowed us to evaluate whether reproductive mode was associated with a particular bacterial community. 2624 unique operational taxonomic units (OTU, 97% DNA similarity) were detected, which were distributed across ~30 phyla. While alpha diversity metrics varied little among individual samples, significant differences in bacterial community composition and structure were detected between sexual and asexual snails, as well as among snails from different lakes and genetic backgrounds. The mean dissimilarity of the bacterial communities between the sexual and asexual P. antipodarum was 90%, largely driven by the presence of Rickettsiales in sexual snails and Rhodobacter in asexual snails. Our study suggests that there might be a link between reproductive mode and the bacterial microbiome of P. antipodarum, though a causal connection requires additional study.
authors: Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America.
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Takacs-Vesbach
authors: Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors: Kayla
authors: K
authors: King
authors: Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Van Horn
authors: Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America.
authors: Katelyn
authors: K
authors: Larkin
authors: Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America.
authors: Maurine
authors: M
authors: Neiman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification*; D044822:Biodiversity; D005260:Female; D006372:Helix, Snails / Q000382:microbiology*; D060106:Lakes; D008297:Male; D064307:Microbiota; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D009520:New Zealand; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012100:Reproduction, Asexual; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S