title: Isotope Effect in Tunneling Ionization of Neutral Hydrogen Molecules.
abstract: It has been recently predicted theoretically that due to nuclear motion light and heavy hydrogen molecules exposed to strong electric field should exhibit substantially different tunneling ionization rates [O. I. Tolstikhin, H. J. Worner, and T. Morishita, Phys. Rev. A 87, 041401(R) (2013)]. We studied that isotope effect experimentally by measuring relative ionization yields for each species in a mixed H_{2}/D_{2} gas jet interacting with intense femtosecond laser pulses. In a reaction microscope apparatus, we detected ionic fragments from all contributing channels (single ionization, dissociation, and sequential double ionization) and determined the ratio of total single ionization yields for H_{2} and D_{2}. The measured ratio agrees quantitatively with the prediction of the generalized weak-field asymptotic theory in an apparent failure of the frozen-nuclei approximation.
authors: Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.|School of Nuclear Science & Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Xu
authors: Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Atia-Tul-Noor
authors: School of Nuclear Science & Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
authors: B T
authors: BT
authors: Hu
authors: Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.|ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Kielpinski
authors: Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.|ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.
authors: R T
authors: RT
authors: Sang
authors: Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.
authors: I V
authors: IV
authors: Litvinyuk