title: Sedentary bout durations and metabolic syndrome among working adults: a prospective cohort study.
abstract: This study aimed to examine the associations between time spent in prolonged and non-prolonged sedentary bouts and the development of metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  
  We used data from a prospective study of Japanese workers. Baseline examination was conducted between 2010 and 2011. A total of 430 office workers (58 women) aged 40-64 years without metabolic syndrome were followed up by annual health checkups until 2014. Metabolic syndrome was defined as having ≥ 3 out of 5 diagnostic criteria from the Joint Interim Statement 2009 definition. Sedentary time was assessed using a tri-axial accelerometer. Time spent in total, prolonged (accumulated ≥ 30 min) and non-prolonged sedentary bouts (accumulated < 30 min) was calculated. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risk of developing metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  
  During a median follow-up of 3 years, 83 participants developed metabolic syndrome. After adjustment for age, sex, education, smoking, and family income, positive associations were observed between time spent in prolonged sedentary bouts and the development of metabolic syndrome. After additional adjustment for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, those in the three highest quartiles of time spent in prolonged sedentary bouts showed higher risk of metabolic syndrome compared to the lowest quartile group, with adjusted hazard ratios (95 % confidence intervals) of 2.72 (1.30 - 5.73), 2.42 (1.11 - 5.50), and 2.85 (1.31 - 6.18), respectively. No associations were seen for time spent in total and non-prolonged sedentary bouts.
  
  
  
  Sedentary behavior accumulated in a prolonged manner was associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome. In devising public health recommendations for the prevention of metabolic disease, the avoidance of prolonged uninterrupted periods of sedentary behavior should be considered.
authors: Department of Behavior and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga kouen, Kasuga City, Fukuoka Prefecture, 816-8580, Japan.|Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka Prefecture, 812-8582, Japan.|Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan.
authors: Takanori
authors: T
authors: Honda
authors: Department of Behavior and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga kouen, Kasuga City, Fukuoka Prefecture, 816-8580, Japan.
authors: Sanmei
authors: S
authors: Chen
authors: Biostatistics Center, Kurume University, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka Prefecture, 830-0011, Japan.
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Yonemoto
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka Prefecture, 812-8582, Japan.
authors: Hiro
authors: H
authors: Kishimoto
authors: Department of Behavior and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga kouen, Kasuga City, Fukuoka Prefecture, 816-8580, Japan.
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Socio-Environmental Studies, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, 3-30-1 Wajiro-higashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka Prefecture, 811-0295, Japan.
authors: Kenji
authors: K
authors: Narazaki
authors: Department of Behavior and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga kouen, Kasuga City, Fukuoka Prefecture, 816-8580, Japan.
authors: Yuka
authors: Y
authors: Haeuchi
authors: Department of Behavior and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga kouen, Kasuga City, Fukuoka Prefecture, 816-8580, Japan. shuzo@ihs.kyushu-u.ac.jp.|Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga kouen, Kasuga City, Fukuoka Prefecture, 816-8580, Japan. shuzo@ihs.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
authors: Shuzo
authors: S
authors: Kumagai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D057185:Sedentary Behavior
keywords: Accelerometry; Central obesity; Epidemiology; Metabolic syndrome; Physical activity; Sedentary lifestyle