title: Guidelines for the use of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing and monitoring the treatment of multiple sclerosis: recommendations of the Swedish Multiple Sclerosis Association and the Swedish Neuroradiological Society.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with inflammatory lesions in the brain and spinal cord. The detection of such inflammatory lesions using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is important in the consideration of the diagnosis and differential diagnoses of MS, as well as in the monitoring of disease activity and predicting treatment efficacy. Although there is strong evidence supporting the use of MRI for both the diagnosis and monitoring of disease activity, there is a lack of evidence regarding which MRI protocols to use, the frequency of examinations, and in what clinical situations to consider MRI examination. A national workshop to discuss these issues was held in Stockholm, Sweden, in August 2015, which resulted in a Swedish consensus statement regarding the use of MRI in the care of individuals with MS. The aim of this consensus statement is to provide practical advice for the use of MRI in this setting. The recommendations are based on a review of relevant literature and the clinical experience of workshop attendees. It is our hope that these recommendations will benefit individuals with MS and guide healthcare professionals responsible for their care.
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Vågberg
authors: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Axelsson
authors: Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Birgander
authors: Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Burman
authors: Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Department of Radiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Cananau
authors: Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Department of Radiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Forslin
authors: Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Department of Radiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Granberg
authors: Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Gunnarsson
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: von Heijne
authors: Department of Neuroradiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Jönsson
authors: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: V D
authors: VD
authors: Karrenbauer
authors: Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors: E-M
authors: EM
authors: Larsson
authors: Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Lindqvist
authors: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Lycke
authors: Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Department of Radiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Lönn
authors: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Mentesidou
authors: Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Department of Radiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Müller
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Nilsson
authors: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Piehl
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Svenningsson
authors: Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Vrethem
authors: Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Wikström
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009462:Neurology / Q000458:organization & administration; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012955:Societies, Medical; D013548:Sweden
keywords: guidelines; magnetic resonance imaging; multiple sclerosis; recommendations