title: A chimeric virus created by DNA shuffling of the capsid genes of different subtypes of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in the backbone of the non-pathogenic PCV1 induces protective immunity against the predominant PCV2b and the emerging PCV2d in pigs.
abstract: Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the primary causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD). Available commercial vaccines all target PCV2a subtype, although the circulating predominant subtype worldwide is PCV2b, and the emerging PCV2d subtype is also increasingly associated with PCVAD. Here we molecularly bred genetically-divergent strains representing PCV2a, PCV2b, PCV2c, PCV2d, and "divergent PCV2a" subtypes by DNA-shuffling of the capsid genes to produce a chimeric virus representing PCV2 global genetic diversity. When placed in the PCV2a backbone, one chimeric virus (PCV2-3cl14) induced higher neutralizing antibody titers against different PCV2 subtypes. Subsequently, a candidate vaccine (PCV1-3cl14) was produced by cloning the shuffled 3cl14 capsid into the backbone of the non-pathogenic PCV1. A vaccine efficacy study revealed that chimeric virus PCV1-3cl14 induces protective immunity against challenge with PCV2b or PCV2d in pigs. The chimeric PCV1-3cl14 virus is a strong candidate for a novel vaccine in pigs infected with variable PCV2 strains.
authors: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States.
authors: Shannon R
authors: SR
authors: Matzinger
authors: The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK.
authors: Tanja
authors: T
authors: Opriessnig
authors: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
authors: Chao-Ting
authors: CT
authors: Xiao
authors: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States.
authors: Nicholas
authors: N
authors: Catanzaro
authors: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States.
authors: Nathan M
authors: NM
authors: Beach
authors: Zoetis Inc, Kalamazoo, MI, United States.
authors: David E
authors: DE
authors: Slade
authors: Zoetis Inc, Kalamazoo, MI, United States.
authors: Gregory P
authors: GP
authors: Nitzel
authors: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States. Electronic address: xjmeng@vt.edu.
authors: Xiang-Jin
authors: XJ
authors: Meng
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000276:immunology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D002460:Cell Line; D018173:Circoviridae Infections / Q000662:veterinary*; D017925:Circovirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D003429:Cross Reactions / Q000276:immunology; D032621:DNA Shuffling; D004279:DNA, Viral; D007114:Immunization; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D010802:Phylogeny; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D019562:Viral Load; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D004279:DNA, Viral; D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: Capsid; DNA shuffling; Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2); Porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD); Vaccine