title: Systematic Review of Childhood Sedentary Behavior Questionnaires: What do We Know and What is Next?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accurate measurement of child sedentary behavior is necessary for monitoring trends, examining health effects, and evaluating the effectiveness of interventions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We therefore aimed to summarize studies examining the measurement properties of self-report or proxy-report sedentary behavior questionnaires for children and adolescents under the age of 18 years. Additionally, we provided an overview of the characteristics of the evaluated questionnaires.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed systematic literature searches in the EMBASE, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus electronic databases. Studies had to report on at least one measurement property of a questionnaire assessing sedentary behavior. Questionnaire data were extracted using a standardized checklist, i.e. the Quality Assessment of Physical Activity Questionnaire (QAPAQ) checklist, and the methodological quality of the included studies was rated using a standardized tool, i.e. the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-six studies on 46 questionnaires met our inclusion criteria, of which 33 examined test-retest reliability, nine examined measurement error, two examined internal consistency, 22 examined construct validity, eight examined content validity, and two examined structural validity. The majority of the included studies were of fair or poor methodological quality. Of the studies with at least a fair methodological quality, six scored positive on test-retest reliability, and two scored positive on construct validity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  None of the questionnaires included in this review were considered as both valid and reliable. High-quality studies on the most promising questionnaires are required, with more attention to the content validity of the questionnaires. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42016035963.
authors: Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. l.hidding@vumc.nl.
authors: Lisan M
authors: LM
authors: Hidding
authors: Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Teatske M
authors: TM
authors: Altenburg
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1089a, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Lidwine B
authors: LB
authors: Mokkink
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1089a, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Caroline B
authors: CB
authors: Terwee
authors: Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Mai J M
authors: MJM
authors: Chinapaw
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D057189:Checklist; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*