title: Parental perceptions of children´s agency: Parental warmth, school achievement and adjustment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study examined Swedish mothers' and fathers' warmth towards their children in relation to their children´s agency. It also examined the longitudinal relation between agency and children's externalizing, internalizing, and school achievement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Swedish children's mothers and fathers (N= 103) were interviewed at three time points (when children were 8, 9, and 10 years old) about their warmth towards their children, children's agency, and children's externalizing and internalizing behaviors and school achievement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parental warmth at Time 1 was significantly correlated with child agency at Time 2, which was significantly correlated with child externalizing and internalizing behaviors and academic achievement at Time 3. There were no differences between girls and boys.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results from this study indicate that Swedish parents' warmth is directly related to subsequent perceptions of children's agency, which in turn are related to subsequently lower child externalizing and internalizing problems and higher academic achievement. These findings held in the context of a three-year longitudinal study and for both boys and girls, suggesting the importance of child agency in the link between parental warmth and children's adjustment.
authors: Centre for child and youth studies, University West, S - 461 86 Trollhättan, Sweden. sevtap.gurdal@hv.se.
authors: Sevtap
authors: S
authors: Gurdal
authors: Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Box 90545, Durham, NC 27708. lansford@duke.edu.
authors: Jennifer E
authors: JE
authors: Lansford
authors: Centre for child and youth studies, University West, S-461 86 Trollhättan, Sweden. emma.sorbring@hv.se.
authors: Emma
authors: E
authors: Sorbring
keywords: Personal agency; children´s adjustment; parental warmth; parenting; school achievement