title: Korean Ginseng Berry Fermented by Mycotoxin Non-producing Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae: Ginsenoside Analyses and Anti-proliferative Activities.
abstract: To transform ginsenosides, Korean ginseng berry (KGB) was fermented by mycotoxin non-producing Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae. Changes of ginsenoside profile and anti-proliferative activities were observed. Results showed that A. niger tended to efficiently transform protopanaxadiol (PPD) type ginsenosides such as Rb1, Rb2, Rd to compound K while A. oryzae tended to efficiently transform protopanaxatriol (PPT) type ginsenoside Re to Rh1 via Rg1. Butanol extracts of fermented KGB showed high cytotoxicity on human adenocarcinoma HT-29 cell line and hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell line while that of unfermented KGB showed little. The minimum effective concentration of niger-fermented KGB was less than 2.5 µg/mL while that of oryzae-fermented KGB was about 5 µg/mL. As A. niger is more inclined to transform PPD type ginsenosides, niger-fermented KGB showed stronger anti-proliferative activity than oryzae-fermented KGB.
authors: Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University.
authors: Zhipeng
authors: Z
authors: Li
authors: Hyung Jin
authors: HJ
authors: Ahn
authors: Nam Yeon
authors: NY
authors: Kim
authors: Yu Na
authors: YN
authors: Lee
authors: Geun Eog
authors: GE
authors: Ji
mesh_terms: D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000378:metabolism*; D001236:Aspergillus oryzae / Q000378:metabolism*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D005285:Fermentation; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D019073:HT29 Cells; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D009183:Mycotoxins; D005894:Panax; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides; D009183:Mycotoxins; D010936:Plant Extracts