title: Gender, apolipoprotein E genotype, and mesial temporal atrophy: 2-year follow-up in patients with stable mild cognitive impairment and with progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to examine the relationship between gender, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, and mesial temporal atrophy in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with and without progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 236 MCI patients with (n = 121) and without (n = 115) AD progression. Longitudinal MRI-based hippocampal volumes (HV) and entorhinal cortex (ERC) thickness were obtained. The Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) score was used to assess disease severity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a significant effect of APOE, gender, and clinical course (stable MCI versus MCI-AD progression) on HV. There was a significant effect of clinical course and APOE, but not gender, on ERC. Baseline HV and APOE4 status predicted MCI-AD progression in women. Baseline ERC and APOE4 status predicted MCI-AD progression in men. There were significant differences in CDR-SB scores between patients with and without MCI-AD progression, but not between males and females, or APOE4 carriers and non-carriers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HV, but not ERC, is strongly influenced by gender in MCI. The effects of gender and APOE4 on neuroimaging biomarkers have potentially important implications in the prediction of MCI-AD progression and should be taken into account in clinical trials.
authors: Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, MSC 323, Charleston, SC, 29401, USA. spampin@musc.edu.
authors: M V
authors: MV
authors: Spampinato
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
authors: B R
authors: BR
authors: Langdon
authors: Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, MSC 323, Charleston, SC, 29401, USA.
authors: K E
authors: KE
authors: Patrick
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors: R O
authors: RO
authors: Parker
authors: Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, MSC 323, Charleston, SC, 29401, USA.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Collins
authors: Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, MSC 323, Charleston, SC, 29401, USA.|Department of Neuroradiology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Pravata'
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D001284:Atrophy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D015984:Causality; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D015897:Comorbidity; D018450:Disease Progression; D018728:Entorhinal Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E
keywords: Apolipoprotein E4; Entorhinal cortex; Hippocampus; MRI; Mild cognitive impairment; Sex differences