title: Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy: long-term experience and outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report our experience in endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy in treating nasolacrimal duct obstruction over a 14-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series carried out over a 14-year period from 1999 to 2014. A total of 624 endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy procedures were performed in 442 patients who were diagnosed with persistent epiphora.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 624 procedures in a total of 442 patients (<18 yo: 36 and >18 yo: 406) were included. Patients' records were assessed for demographics, intra- and postoperative complications, outcome and follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 442 patients underwent an endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. There were 342 females (77.3%) and 100 males with a mean age of 50.2 years. All patients presented with epiphora: 33 congenital (7.5%), 357 acquired (80.7%) and 52 functional cases (11.8%). The adult dacryocystorhinostomy (n = 577) had an anatomical success of 90.1%. Children's group (<18 yo) n = 36 with a total of 47 procedures and an anatomical success of 91.5%. Functional cases (all adults - n = 52) showed a 91% benefit after operation. In 624 DCRs, we found a complication rate of 3.2%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy offers good success rates with a safety profile and efficacy equivalent to the traditional external approach is an effective treatment with good outcome results in adults and children with persistent or functional epiphora.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Orbital Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Adriaan D
authors: AD
authors: Coumou
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors: Stijn W
authors: SW
authors: Genders
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Orbital Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Trudy M
authors: TM
authors: Smid
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Orbital Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Peerooz
authors: P
authors: Saeed
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003608:Dacryocystorhinostomy / Q000379:methods*; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007440:Intubation; D007767:Lacrimal Duct Obstruction / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009301:Nasolacrimal Duct / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: endonasal; endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy; epiphora; nasolacrimal duct obstruction