title: Factors that influence delivery of tobacco cessation support in general dental practice: a narrative review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the literature reporting factors that are associated with the delivery of lifestyle support in general dental practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of the quantitative observational studies describing activities to promote the general health of adults in primary care general dental practice. Behavior change included tobacco cessation, alcohol reduction, diet, weight management, and physical activity. Tooth brushing and oral hygiene behaviors were excluded as the focus of this review was on the common risk factors that affect general health as well as oral health.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six cross sectional studies met the inclusion criteria. Five studies only reported activities to support tobacco cessation. As well as tobacco cessation one study also reported activities related to alcohol usage, physical activity, and Body Mass Index. Perceptions of time availability consistently correlated with activities and beliefs about tobacco cessation, alongside the smoking status of the dental professional. Dentists who perceive having more available time were more likely to discuss smoking with patients, prescribe smoking cessation treatments and direct patients toward (signpost to) lifestyle support services. Dental professionals who smoke were less likely to give smoking cessation advice and counselling than nonsmokers. Finally, the data showed that professional support may be relevant. Professionals who work in solo practices or those who felt a lack of support from the wider professional team (peer support) were more likely to report barriers to delivering lifestyle support.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Organizational changes in dental practices to encourage more team working and professional time for lifestyle support may influence delivery. Dental professionals who are smokers may require training to develop their beliefs about the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions.
authors: School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors: Rizwana
authors: R
authors: Lala
authors: Leeds School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Csikar
authors: Leeds School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors: Gail
authors: G
authors: Douglas
authors: Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors: Jenni
authors: J
authors: Muarry
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003812:Dentist-Patient Relations; D005792:General Practice, Dental; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D019239:Practice Patterns, Dentists'; D020340:Tobacco Use Cessation
keywords: dental; general practice; lifestyle; prevention; primary health care