title: Do healthier foods cost more in Saudi Arabia than less healthier options?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether healthy foods in Saudi Arabia cost more compared with less healthy options.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia during June and July 2015. The study targeted well-known market chains in the city of Riyadh. The selection of food items was purposive to include healthy and less healthy food items in each category. Price, caloric value, salt, fat, sugar, and fiber contents for each food item were collected. To test for the correlation between nutritional contents and average price, Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to test for the presence of average price difference between healthy and less healthy food items.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 162 food items were collected. Sixty-six food items were classified as healthy compared with 96 less healthier options. The calculated correlation coefficients indicate an association between increased cost of food with increased caloric values (0.649 p=0.0000001), increased fat content (0.610 p=0.0000003), and increased salt contents (0.273 p=0.001). Prices of food items with higher fiber contents showed a weaker association (0.191 p=0.015). The overall average cost of healthy food was approximately 10 Saudi riyals cheaper than less healthy food (p=0.000001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of the study suggest that the cost of healthy food is lower than that of less healthy items in the Saudi market.
authors: Prince Sattam Chair for Epidemiology and Public Health Research, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail. gossady@hotmail.com.
authors: Ibrahim M
authors: IM
authors: Gosadi
authors: Muner A
authors: MA
authors: Alshehri
authors: Saud H
authors: SH
authors: Alawad
mesh_terms: D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005502:Food / Q000191:economics*; D012529:Saudi Arabia