title: Protection of kinsenoside against AGEs-induced endothelial dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Kinsenoside is the major ingredient of Anoectochilus roxburghii which is a traditional Chinese herb using for the treatment of diabetes. The present study investigated the safety and vascular protection of kinsenoside related to advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the underlying mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  HUVECs were pre-incubated with AGEs (200μg/mL) for 1h, and then co-treated with different concentrations of kinsenoside (10-30μg/mL) for another 48h. After the supernatant was collected, the contents of nitric oxide (NO), the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines, and the expressions of AGEs receptor (RAGE) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant changes in cell viability were found in kinsenoside-treated cells at the range of 10-70μg/mL. Pretreatment with kinsenoside induced a significant increase in NO production in AGEs-induced cells. In addition, kinsenoside not only inhibited the expression of RAGE but also decreased intracellular ROS generation induced by AGEs. Furthermore, kinsenoside suppressed the protein and gene expression of NF-κB, and reduced the release of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and human monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in a dose-dependent manner remarkably.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicated that kinsenoside might attenuate AGEs-induced endothelial dysfunction via AGEs-RAGE-NF-κB pathway. Considering the relatively low toxicity of kinsenoside, it might be a promising agent for treatment of vasculopathy in diabetic patients.
authors: Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian province, PR China. Electronic address: liuq@hqu.edu.cn.
authors: Qing
authors: Q
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian province, PR China.
authors: Ai-Min
authors: AM
authors: Qiao
authors: Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian province, PR China. Electronic address: litaoyi@hqu.edu.cn.
authors: Li-Tao
authors: LT
authors: Yi
authors: State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
authors: Zhen-Ling
authors: ZL
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian province, PR China.
authors: Shi-Mei
authors: SM
authors: Sheng
mesh_terms: D015107:4-Butyrolactone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: C422363:3-glucopyranosyloxybutanolide; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D009005:Monosaccharides; D015107:4-Butyrolactone
keywords: AGEs; Anoectochilus roxburghii; Kinsenoside; Toxicity; Vascular protection