title: Shoulder injuries in soccer goalkeepers: review and development of a FIFA 11+ shoulder injury prevention program.
abstract: In the last years, shoulder injuries have represented an increasing health problem in soccer players. The goalkeepers are more exposed to shoulder disorders than other field players. Injury prevention exercises for upper limbs were cited in few studies involving throwing athletes, but we know that goalkeepers need a specific program. The purpose of this study is to describe the development of an adapted Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) 11+ program, namely the FIFA 11+ shoulder, which targets the prevention of shoulder injuries in soccer goalkeepers. The FIFA 11+ shoulder program is structured into three parts: general warming-up exercises, exercises to improve strength and balance of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and finger muscles, and advanced exercises for core stability and muscle control. The exercises were selected based on recommendations from studies demonstrating high electromyographic activity.
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Federal University of São Paulo.
authors: Benno
authors: B
authors: Ejnisman
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Federal University of São Paulo.
authors: Gisele
authors: G
authors: Barbosa
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Federal University of São Paulo.
authors: Carlos V
authors: CV
authors: Andreoli
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Federal University of São Paulo.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: de Castro Pochini
authors: Sports Medicine Department, Santos FC, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Thiago
authors: T
authors: Lobo
authors: Sports Medicine Department, Santos FC, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Rodrigo
authors: R
authors: Zogaib
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Federal University of São Paulo.
authors: Moises
authors: M
authors: Cohen
authors: FIFA-Medical Assessment and Research Centre, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Mario
authors: M
authors: Bizzini
authors: FIFA-Medical Assessment and Research Centre, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Jiri
authors: J
authors: Dvorak
keywords: goalkeeper; injury prevention; prevention program; shoulder