title: Impact of structured verbal feedback module in medical education: A questionnaire- and test score-based analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Feedback is a divalent bond between the supplier (teacher) and the recipient (student). The strength of the bond depends on the instructional design of the feedback. Feedback is central to medical education in promoting self-directed learning in students. In the present study, a structured verbal feedback module was prepared, implemented, and evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was done on 280 students from four consecutive batches (2011 to 2014) of the 1(st) year MBBS students exposed to different types and modes of feedback. Analysis was done using student feedback questionnaire for the perception of students to verbal feedback. Quantitative analysis using post hoc test and ANOVA for the impact of type of feedback (verbal or written) and effect of modes (individual or group) of verbal feedback on test score performance were done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, ≥95% of the students preferred verbal feedback of both positive and negative attributes in student questionnaires. It was observed that verbal feedback sessions made a difference of up to 2-2.4 grade points in the mean score of batch when compared to the written feedback. The initial mean test score (T1) of 2011 + 2012 and 2013 + 2014 was not statistically significant (P = 0.113). But, in all subsequent tests (T2, T3, and T4), there was a statistically significant difference in the mean test scores (P = 0.000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) Students prefer verbal one-to-one feedback over written feedback. (2) Verbal feedback changes learning process and causes sustained improvement in learning strategies.
authors: Department of Anatomy, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
authors: Meenakshi
authors: M
authors: Aggarwal
authors: Department of Anatomy, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
authors: Sonia
authors: S
authors: Singh
authors: Department of Anatomy, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
authors: Anu
authors: A
authors: Sharma
authors: Department of Anatomy, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
authors: Poonam
authors: P
authors: Singh
authors: Department of SPM, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
authors: Priya
authors: P
authors: Bansal
keywords: Feedback; formative; learning process; performance; self-directed learning; test score