title: Emerging trends in photodegradation of petrochemical wastes: a review.
abstract: Various human activities like mining and extraction of mineral oils have been used for the modernization of society and well-beings. However, the by-products such as petrochemical wastes generated from such industries are carcinogenic and toxic, which had increased environmental pollution and risks to human health several folds. Various methods such as physical, chemical and biological methods have been used to degrade these pollutants from wastewater. Advance oxidation processes (AOPs) are evolving techniques for efficient sequestration of chemically stable and less biodegradable organic pollutants. In the present review, photocatalytic degradation of petrochemical wastes containing monoaromatic and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons has been studied using various heterogeneous photocatalysts (such as TiO2, ZnO and CdS. The present article seeks to offer a scientific and technical overview of the current trend in the use of the photocatalyst for remediation and degradation of petrochemical waste depending upon the recent advances in photodegradation of petrochemical research using bibliometric analysis. We further outlined the effect of various heterogeneous catalysts and their ecotoxicity, various degradation pathways of petrochemical wastes, the key regulatory parameters and the reactors used. A critical analysis of the available literature revealed that TiO2is widely reported in the degradation processes along with other semiconductors/nanomaterials in visible and UV light irradiation. Further, various degradation studies have been carried out at laboratory scale in the presence of UV light. However, further elaborative research is needed for successful application of the laboratory scale techniques to pilot-scale operation and to develop environmental friendly catalysts which support the sustainable treatment technology with the "zero concept" of industrial wastewater. Nevertheless, there is a need to develop more effective methods which consume less energy and are more efficient in pilot scale for the demineralization of pollutant.
authors: Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT-BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India. psingh.rs.apc@itbhu.ac.in.|Department of Environmental Studies, PGDAV College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110068, India. psingh.rs.apc@itbhu.ac.in.
authors: Pardeep
authors: P
authors: Singh
authors: Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT-BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India.
authors: Ankita
authors: A
authors: Ojha
authors: Centre for Studies in Science Policy, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, 110067, India.
authors: Anwesha
authors: A
authors: Borthakur
authors: Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development (IESD), Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
authors: Rishikesh
authors: R
authors: Singh
authors: Rajghat Education Centre, KFI, Varanasi, 221005, India.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Lahiry
authors: Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT-BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India.
authors: Dhanesh
authors: D
authors: Tiwary
authors: Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT-BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India.
authors: Pradeep Kumar
authors: PK
authors: Mishra
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D000066388:Oil and Gas Industry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010578:Petroleum / Q000032:analysis*; D010782:Photolysis; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010578:Petroleum; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Ecotoxicity; Harmful effect; Heterogeneous catalysts; Petrochemical waste; Photocatalysts