title: [Antipsychotic-induced tardive syndromes].
abstract: Tardive dyskinesia (TD) remains a relevant clinical problem despite the increasing use of new-generation antipsychotics. Antipsychotic-induced tardive syndromes are difficult to treat and have a low tendency of remission. Therefore, prophylaxis is of utmost importance, with the responsible use of antipsychotics as a prime desideratum. With respect to managing tardive dyskinesia, discontinuing the antipsychotic, if possible, albeit not backed up by unequivocal evidence, is still the main recommendation. If this is not possible, the switch to an antipsychotic with a lower TD risk is the next-preferred option. Other symptomatic treatments have been explored, but clinical trials have provided inhomogeneous results and only very few compounds are approved for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. This manuscript summarizes the current evidence with respect to the phenomenology, course, prevention and treatment of tardive syndromes.
authors: Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie I, Department für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Österreich. wolfgang.fleischhacker@i-med.ac.at.
authors: W Wolfgang
authors: WW
authors: Fleischhacker
authors: Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie I, Department für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Österreich.
authors: Alex
authors: A
authors: Hofer
authors: Abteilung für Alterspsychiatrie und Alterspsychotherapie, LKH Graz Süd-West, Graz, Österreich.
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Jagsch
authors: Wilhelminenspital, Wien, Österreich.
authors: Walter
authors: W
authors: Pirker
authors: Psychosozialer Dienst, Wien, Österreich.
authors: Georg
authors: G
authors: Psota
authors: Psychiatrische Abteilung 1, Landes-Nervenklinik Wagner-Jauregg, Linz, Österreich.
authors: Hans
authors: H
authors: Rittmannsberger
authors: Universitätsklinik für Neurologie, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Österreich.
authors: Klaus
authors: K
authors: Seppi
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D057915:Drug Substitution; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D000071057:Tardive Dyskinesia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents
keywords: Antipsychotic; Prophylaxis; Tardive dyskinesia; Tardive syndrome; Treatment