title: Therapeutic drug monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: There are an expanding number of therapies available to treat pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). As pediatric gastroenterologists attempt to achieve complete intestinal mucosal healing for their patients, it has become more important to gain an understanding of how to maximize the efficacy of our medications while minimizing their toxicities. We aim to provide an overview of therapeutic drug monitoring in IBD with an emphasis on the biologic therapies (antitumor necrosis factor and anti-integrin monoclonal antibodies).
  
  
  
  Recent findings do support optimized drug dosing for infliximab based on early trough levels, but question the utility of checking these values in patients doing well in maintenance therapy. Patients with severe colonic inflammation may be at increased risk for needing optimization with dose escalation because of medication loss in the stool. Dose escalation can recapture response in some patients with a secondary loss of response, including those with low level antibody formation. The monitoring of nontrough drug levels to allow timelier dose adjustment as well as the role of drug monitoring with anti-integrin therapy are areas of active research.
  
  
  
  Therapeutic drug monitoring is an effective strategy in the management of pediatric IBD that can help patients achieve mucosal healing and aid the clinical decision-making of the pediatric gastroenterologist.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA.
authors: Jacqueline
authors: J
authors: Jossen
authors: Marla
authors: M
authors: Dubinsky
mesh_terms: D000068879:Adalimumab / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D000069285:Infliximab / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000069285:Infliximab; D000068879:Adalimumab; D001379:Azathioprine