title: Cancers of the brain and CNS: global patterns and trends in incidence.
abstract: Cancers of the brain and CNS constitute a group of rare and heterogeneous tumors. Increasing incidence in Western populations has been linked to improvements in diagnostic technology, although interpretation is hampered by changes in diagnosis and reporting. The present study examines geographic and temporal variations in incidence rates of brain and CNS cancers worldwide.
  
  
  
  Data from successive volumes of Cancer Incidence in Five Continents were used, including 96 registries in 39 countries. We used Joinpoint regression to estimate the average annual percentage change and its 95% CI.
  
  
  
  Globally, a large variability in the magnitude of the diagnosis of new cases of brain and CNS cancer was found, with a 5-fold difference between the highest rates (mainly in Europe) and the lowest (mainly in Asia). Increasing rates of brain and CNS cancer were found in South America, namely in Ecuador, Brazil, and Colombia; in eastern Europe (Czech Republic and Russia), in southern Europe (Slovenia), and in the 3 Baltic countries. Trends were similar between sexes, although decreasing trends in men and women were seen in Japan and New Zealand.
  
  
  
  Important regional variations in brain and CNS cancers exist, and given an increasing burden and risk worldwide, there is a need for further etiological research that focuses on the elucidation of environmental risk. The trends are sufficiently complex and diffuse, however, to warrant a cautious approach to interpretation.
authors: National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.|Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors: Adalberto
authors: A
authors: Miranda-Filho
authors: Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors: Marion
authors: M
authors: Piñeros
authors: Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors: Isabelle
authors: I
authors: Soerjomataram
authors: Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors: Isabelle
authors: I
authors: Deltour
authors: Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors: Freddie
authors: F
authors: Bray
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000569:Americas / Q000453:epidemiology; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016543:Central Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007390:International Agencies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D044349:Oceania / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012737:Sex Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: brain and CNS tumors; cancer registries; epidemiology; incidence; time trends