title: Isolation of Indole Utilizing Bacteria Arthrobacter sp. and Alcaligenes sp. From Livestock Waste.
abstract: Indole is an interspecies and interkingdom signaling molecule widespread in different environmental compartment. Although multifaceted roles of indole in different biological systems have been established, little information is available on the microbial utilization of indole in the context of combating odor emissions from different types of waste. The present study was aimed at identifying novel bacteria capable of utilizing indole as the sole carbon and energy source. From the selective enrichment of swine waste and cattle feces, we identified Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the genera Arthrobacter and Alcaligenes. Bacteria belonging to the genus Alcaligenes showed higher rates of indole utilization than Arthrobacter. Indole at 1.0 mM for growth was completely utilized by Alcaligenes sp. in 16 h. Both strains produced two intermediates, anthranilic acid and isatin, during aerobic indole metabolism. These isolates were also able to grow on several indole derivatives. Interestingly, an adaptive response in terms of a decrease in cell size was observed in both strains in the presence of indole. The present study will help to explain the degradation of indole by different bacteria and also the pathways through which it is catabolized. Furthermore, these novel bacterial isolates could be potentially useful for the in situ attenuation of odorant indole and its derivatives emitted from different types of livestock waste.
authors: School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749 Republic of Korea.
authors: Minsu
authors: M
authors: Kim
authors: School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749 Republic of Korea.
authors: Jin-Hyung
authors: JH
authors: Lee
authors: College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749 Republic of Korea.
authors: Eonmi
authors: E
authors: Kim
authors: College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749 Republic of Korea.
authors: Hyukjae
authors: H
authors: Choi
authors: Department of Animal Science and Institute of Milk Genomics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756 Republic of Korea.
authors: Younghoon
authors: Y
authors: Kim
authors: School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749 Republic of Korea.
authors: Jintae
authors: J
authors: Lee
keywords: Alcaligenes sp.; Arthrobacter sp.; Biodegradation; Environmental biotechnology; Indole