title: Kinetics of chemotaxis, cytokine, and chemokine release of NR8383 macrophages after exposure to inflammatory and inert granular insoluble particles.
abstract: Accumulation of macrophages and neutrophil granulocytes in the lung are key events in the inflammatory response to inhaled particles. The present study aims at the time course of chemotaxis in vitro in response to the challenge of various biopersistent particles and its functional relation to the transcription of inflammatory mediators. NR8383 rat alveolar macrophages were challenged with particles of coarse quartz, barium sulfate, and nanosized silica for one, four, and 16h and with coarse and nanosized titanium dioxide particles (rutile and anatase) for 16h only. The cell supernatants were used to investigate the chemotaxis of unexposed NR8383 macrophages. The transcription of inflammatory mediators in cells exposed to quartz, silica, and barium sulfate was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Challenge with quartz, silica, and rutile particles induced significant chemotaxis of unexposed NR8383 macrophages. Chemotaxis caused by quartz and silica was accompanied by an elevated transcription of CCL3, CCL4, CXCL1, CXCL3, and TNFα. Quartz exposure showed an earlier onset of both effects compared to the nanosized silica. The strength of this response roughly paralleled the cytotoxic effects. Barium sulfate and anatase did not induce chemotaxis and barium sulfate as well caused no elevated transcription. In conclusion, NR8383 macrophages respond to the challenge with inflammatory particles with the release of chemotactic compounds that act on unexposed macrophages. The kinetics of the response differs between the various particles.
authors: Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance - Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany. Electronic address: schremmer@ipa-dguv.de.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Schremmer
authors: Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance - Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany. Electronic address: bryk@ipa-dguv.de.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Brik
authors: Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance - Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany. Electronic address: weber@ipa-dguv.de.
authors: D G
authors: DG
authors: Weber
authors: Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance - Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany. Electronic address: rosenkranz@ipa-dguv.de.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Rosenkranz
authors: Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany. Electronic address: alexander.rostek@uni-due.de.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Rostek
authors: Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany. Electronic address: kateryna.loza@uni-due.de.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Loza
authors: Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance - Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany. Electronic address: bruening@ipa-dguv.de.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Brüning
authors: Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance - Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany. Electronic address: johnen@ipa-dguv.de.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Johnen
authors: Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany. Electronic address: matthias.epple@uni-due.de.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Epple
authors: Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance - Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany. Electronic address: schremmer@ipa-dguv.de.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Bünger
authors: Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance - Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany. Electronic address: schremmer@ipa-dguv.de.
authors: G A
authors: GA
authors: Westphal
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001466:Barium Sulfate / Q000633:toxicity; D002460:Cell Line; D054442:Cell Migration Assays, Macrophage; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000187:drug effects*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D007700:Kinetics; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D011791:Quartz / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000633:toxicity; D014025:Titanium / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D052638:Particulate Matter; D011791:Quartz; C009495:titanium dioxide; D001466:Barium Sulfate; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Cell migration assay; Chemotaxis; Inflammation; NR8383 cells; Particles