title: Spermine reduces reactive oxygen species levels and decreases cryocapacitation in canine sperm cryopreservation.
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the ability of spermine to act as an antioxidant in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), maintaining sperm function and decreasing cryocapacitation after cryopreservation. Although motility did not increase with spermine treatment, values for membrane integrity were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Higher percentages of linearity and straightness with a lower amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) indicated that spermine inhibits hyperactivation. Concentrations of intracellular and extracellular ROS were decreased in the treatment group (P < 0.05). Higher expression of an anti-apoptotic gene (Bcl-2) and lower expression of a pro-apoptotic gene (Bax), together with decreased expression of the mitochondrial ROS modulator ROMO1, DNA repair due to oxidative damage (OGG1), spermine synthase (SMS), NADPH oxidase associated with motility (NOX5) and spermine amino oxidase (SMOX), all showed that 5.0 mM spermine treatment was beneficial to spermatozoa. Furthermore, the proportion of live spermatozoa with intact acrosomes after thawing in the treatment group was higher than in the control. After incubation in canine capacitating medium, numbers of live capacitated spermatozoa with reacted acrosomes were higher than in the control. Our results indicate that 5.0 mM spermine is an optimal concentration for maintaining sperm function, reducing ROS production, preventing apoptosis and adverse effects of cryocapacitation during canine sperm cryopreservation.
authors: Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors: Erif Maha Nugraha
authors: EMN
authors: Setyawan
authors: Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors: Min Jung
authors: MJ
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hyun Ju
authors: HJ
authors: Oh
authors: Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors: Geon A
authors: GA
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors: Young Kwang
authors: YK
authors: Jo
authors: Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors: Seok Hee
authors: SH
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yoo Bin
authors: YB
authors: Choi
authors: Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: bclee@snu.ac.kr.
authors: Byeong Chun
authors: BC
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004285:Dogs; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000379:methods; D013075:Sperm Capacitation / Q000187:drug effects; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013096:Spermine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013096:Spermine
keywords: Cryocapacitation; Cryopreservation; Reactive oxygen species; Sperm function; Spermine