title: Subcortical encoding of speech cues in children with congenital blindness.
abstract: Congenital visual deprivation underlies neural plasticity in different brain areas, and provides an outstanding opportunity to study the neuroplastic capabilities of the brain.
  
  
  
  The present study aimed to investigate the effect of congenital blindness on subcortical auditory processing using electrophysiological and behavioral assessments in children.
  
  
  
  A total of 47 children aged 8-12 years, including 22 congenitally blind (CB) children and 25 normal-sighted (NS) control, were studied. All children were tested using an auditory brainstem response (ABR) test with both click and speech stimuli. Speech recognition and musical abilities were tested using standard tools.
  
  
  
  Significant differences were observed between the two groups in speech ABR wave latencies A, F and O (p≤0.043), wave amplitude F (p = 0.039), V-A slope (p = 0.026), and three spectral magnitudes F0, F1 and HF (p≤0.002). CB children showed a superior performance compared to NS peers in all the subtests and the total score of musical abilities (p≤0.003). Moreover, they had significantly higher scores during the nonsense syllable test in noise than the NS children (p = 0.034). Significant negative correlations were found only in CB children between the total music score and both wave A (p = 0.039) and wave F (p = 0.029) latencies, as well as nonsense-syllable test in noise and the wave A latency (p = 0.041).
  
  
  
  Our results suggest that neuroplasticity resulting from congenital blindness can be measured subcortically and has a heightened effect on temporal, musical and speech processing abilities. The findings have been discussed based on models of plasticity and the influence of corticofugal modulation in synthesizing complex auditory stimuli.
authors: Rehabilitation Research Center (RRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.|Department of Basic Sciences in Rehabilitation, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.|Canadian Center for Behavioral Neuroscience (CCBN), University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.
authors: Zahra
authors: Z
authors: Jafari
authors: NEWSHA Hearing Institute, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Saeed
authors: S
authors: Malayeri
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D001766:Blindness / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002648:Child; D003463:Cues; D004569:Electroencephalography; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009146:Music; D013060:Speech; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Congenitally-blind; auditory brainstem response; corticofugal modulation; speech