title: Endoscopic Techniques in Tympanoplasty.
abstract: The endoscope has transformed the way we observe, understand, and treat chronic ear disease. Improved view, exclusive transcanal techniques, assessment of ventilation routes and mastoid tissue preservation have led to decreased morbidity and functional enhancement of minimally invasive reconstruction of the middle ear. The philosophical identity of endoscopic ear surgery is evolving; new research, long-term results, and widespread acknowledgement of its postulates will undoubtedly define its role in otology.
authors: Otolaryngology & Skull Base Surgery, Centro Médico de Caracas. San Bernardino, Caracas 1010, Distrito Federal, Venezuela. Electronic address: jfrancoanzola@gmail.com.
authors: Jesus Franco
authors: JF
authors: Anzola
authors: Sinus & Oto Centro, Hospital Geral de Fortaleza, Rua Dr. José Furtado 1480, Fortaleza 60822-300, Brazil.
authors: João Flávio
authors: JF
authors: Nogueira
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000637:transplantation; D002356:Cartilage / Q000637:transplantation; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005205:Fascia / Q000637:transplantation; D006801:Humans; D018058:Tympanic Membrane Perforation / Q000601:surgery*; D014433:Tympanoplasty / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Endoscopic ear surgery; Endoscopic myringoplasty; Endoscopic tympanoplasty; Inlay; Interlay; Overlay; Underlay