title: Cysteine residues mediate high-affinity binding of thioredoxin to ASK1.
abstract: Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1, MAP3K5) activates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase in response to proinflammatory and stress signals. In nonstress conditions, ASK1 is inhibited by association with thioredoxin (TRX) which binds to the TRX-binding domain (ASK1-TBD) at the N terminus of ASK1. TRX dissociates in response to oxidative stress allowing the ASK1 activation. However, the molecular basis for the ASK1:TRX1 complex dissociation is still not fully understood. Here, the role of cysteine residues on the interaction between TRX1 and ASK1-TBD in both reducing and oxidizing conditions was investigated. We show that from the two catalytic cysteines of TRX1 the residue C32 is responsible for the high-affinity binding of TRX1 to ASK1-TBD in reducing conditions. The disulfide bond formation between C32 and C35 within the active site of TRX1 is the main factor responsible for the TRX1 dissociation upon its oxidation as the formation of the second disulfide bond between noncatalytic cysteines C62 and C69 did not have any additional effect. ASK1-TBD contains seven conserved cysteine residues which differ in solvent accessibility with the residue C250 being the only cysteine which is both solvent exposed and essential for TRX1 binding in reducing conditions. Furthermore, our data show that the catalytic site of TRX1 interacts with ASK1-TBD region containing cysteine C200 and that the oxidative stress induces intramolecular disulfide bond formation within ASK1-TBD and affects its structure in regions directly involved and/or important for TRX1 binding.
authors: Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.|Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors: Salome
authors: S
authors: Kylarova
authors: Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.|Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors: Dalibor
authors: D
authors: Kosek
authors: Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.|Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors: Olivia
authors: O
authors: Petrvalska
authors: Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.|Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors: Katarina
authors: K
authors: Psenakova
authors: BioCeV - Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.|Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors: Petr
authors: P
authors: Man
authors: Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors: Jaroslav
authors: J
authors: Vecer
authors: Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors: Petr
authors: P
authors: Herman
authors: Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic. veronika.obsilova@fgu.cas.cz.
authors: Veronika
authors: V
authors: Obsilova
authors: Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. obsil@natur.cuni.cz.|Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic. obsil@natur.cuni.cz.
authors: Tomas
authors: T
authors: Obsil
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D003545:Cysteine / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D048848:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011487:Protein Conformation; D000072417:Protein Domains; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013879:Thioredoxins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C491203:TXN protein, human; D013879:Thioredoxins; D048848:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5; C482858:MAP3K5 protein, human; D003545:Cysteine
keywords: 
  TRX
  ; ASK1; cysteine; disulfide bond; mass spectrometry