title: Anti Leishmania activity of Lucilia sericata and Calliphora vicina maggots in laboratory models.
abstract: Use of sterile fly larvae (maggots) of blow flies for the treatment of many different types of skin and soft tissue wounds is called Maggot debridement therapy (MDT). The larvae of blow flies secrete a broad spectrum of compounds with diverse mechanisms of action in the gut and salivary glands called excretion/secretion (ES) products which showed to have antimicrobial activities against Gram negative and positive bacteria. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) which is the common form of leishmaniasis is difficult to treat. In this study, the effect of ES from 2ndand 3rdstages of L. sericata and C. vicina larvae on in vitro Leishmania major amastigote growth in macrophage was evaluated. The effect of ES on Leishmania growth was estimated by assessing the rate of macrophage infection and the number of amastigotes per infected macrophages. In addition, the anti Leishmania activities of larval and ES of L. sericata and C. vicina on the skin lesion induced by L. major infection was evaluated in susceptible BALB/c mice. The results showed that ES of both flies reduced the number of infected macrophages; 2.6 and 1.5-fold using L. sericata ES and C. vicina ES, respectively, and inhibited amastigotes growth in macrophages; 2.03 and 1.36-fold by L. sericata ES and C. vicina ES, respectively as compared to the control group. The results showed that L. sericata ES was significantly more effective than C. vicina ES to inhibit in vitro L. major amastigotes growth, The size of lesion was significantly smaller in BALB/c mice treated with L. sericata ES than treated with C. vicina ES. The results of in vivo experiments suggested that pre-treatment with ES derived from L. sericata may have some protective effects on the development of L. major lesion. Therefore, it seems that maggot ES might be considered as a possible candidate for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
authors: Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran; Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
authors: Alireza
authors: A
authors: Sanei-Dehkordi
authors: Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: ali.khamesipour@gmail.com.
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Khamesipour
authors: Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Kamran
authors: K
authors: Akbarzadeh
authors: Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Amir Ahmad
authors: AA
authors: Akhavan
authors: Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Akram
authors: A
authors: Mir Amin Mohammadi
authors: Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors: Younes
authors: Y
authors: Mohammadi
authors: Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Yavar
authors: Y
authors: Rassi
authors: Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Mohammad Ali
authors: MA
authors: Oshaghi
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
authors: Zahra
authors: Z
authors: Alebrahim
authors: Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Seyed Ebrahim
authors: SE
authors: Eskandari
authors: Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: jrafinejad@yahoo.com.
authors: Javad
authors: J
authors: Rafinejad
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003646:Debridement / Q000379:methods; D004175:Diptera / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007814:Larva / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D018320:Leishmania major / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000469:parasitology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011897:Random Allocation
keywords: BALB/c; Calliphora vicina; Leishmania major; Lucilia sericata; Macrophage cell line; Maggot debridement therapy