title: 6-Shogaol, an active compound of ginger, alleviates allergic dermatitis-like skin lesions via cytokine inhibition by activating the Nrf2 pathway.
abstract: Allergic dermatitis (AD) clinically presents with skin erythematous plaques, eruption, and elevated serum IgE, and T helper cell type 2 and 1 (Th2 and Th1) cytokine levels. 6-Shogaol [1-(4-hydroxy-methoxyphenyl)-4-decen-one], a pungent compound isolated from ginger, has shown anti-inflammatory effects, but its inhibitory effects on AD are unknown. The aim of this study was to examine whether 6-shogaol inhibits AD-like skin lesions and their underlying mechanism in vivo and in vitro. An AD-like response was induced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)+IFN-γ in human keratinocytes or by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in mice. In vivo, 6-shogaol inhibited the development of DNCB-induced AD-like skin lesions and scratching behavior, and showed significant reduction in Th2/1-mediated inflammatory cytokines, IgE, TNF-α, IFN-γ, thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, IL-1, 4, 12, and 13, cyclooxygenase-2, and nitric oxide synthase levels. In vitro, 6-shogaol inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling, and increased the levels of total glutathione, heme oxygenase-1, and quinone 1 via nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. 6-Shogaol can alleviate AD-like skin lesions by inhibiting immune mediators via regulating the ROS/MAPKs/Nrf2 signaling pathway, and may be an effective alternative therapy for AD.
authors: The K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: uranos5@kiom.re.kr.
authors: Gunhyuk
authors: G
authors: Park
authors: The K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
authors: Dal-Seok
authors: DS
authors: Oh
authors: Major in Cosmeceutical Science, Division of Bio-technology and Convergence, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.
authors: Mi Gi
authors: MG
authors: Lee
authors: Major in Cosmeceutical Science, Division of Bio-technology and Convergence, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.
authors: Chang Eon
authors: CE
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Biomedical Science, Daegu Haany University, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ykim@dhu.ac.kr.
authors: Yong-Ung
authors: YU
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002396:Catechols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004137:Dinitrochlorobenzene / Q000494:pharmacology; D020939:Zingiber officinale / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002396:Catechols; D016207:Cytokines; D004137:Dinitrochlorobenzene; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495636:Nfe2l2 protein, mouse; C040115:shogaol
keywords: 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene; 6-Shogaol; Allergic dermatitis; Antiinflammation; Antioxidant; Nrf2