title: Evidence of cellular stress and caspase-3 resulting from a combined two-frequency signal in the cerebrum and cerebellum of sprague-dawley rats.
abstract: Multiple simultaneous exposures to electromagnetic signals induced adjustments in mammal nervous systems. In this study, we investigated the non-thermal SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) in the cerebral or cerebellar hemispheres of rats exposed in vivo to combined electromagnetic field (EMF) signals at 900 and 2450 MHz.Forty rats divided into four groups of 10 were individually exposed or not exposed to radiation in a GTEM chamber for one or two hours. After radiation, we used the Chemiluminescent Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ChELISA) technique to measure cellular stress levels, indicated by the presence of heat shock proteins (HSP) 90 and 70, as well as caspase-3-dependent pre-apoptotic activity in left and right cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres of Sprague Dawley rats.Twenty-four hours after exposure to combined or single radiation, significant differences were evident in HSP 90 and 70 but not in caspase 3 levels between the hemispheres of the cerebral cortex at high SAR levels. In the cerebellar hemispheres, groups exposed to a single radiofrequency (RF) and high SAR showed significant differences in HSP 90, 70 and caspase-3 levels compared to control animals. The absorbed energy and/or biological effects of combined signals were not additive, suggesting that multiple signals act on nervous tissue by a different mechanism.
authors: Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: López-Furelos
authors: Institute of Alimentary Analysis, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors: José Manuel
authors: JM
authors: Leiro-Vidal
authors: Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors: Aarón Ángel
authors: AÁ
authors: Salas-Sánchez
authors: Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors: Francisco José
authors: FJ
authors: Ares-Pena
authors: Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors: María Elena
authors: ME
authors: López-Martín
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D054022:Cerebrum / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000528:radiation effects*; D060733:Electromagnetic Radiation; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009417:Nerve Tissue / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011827:Radiation; D011846:Radio Waves; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; D053148:Caspase 3
keywords: Pathology Section; caspase-3; cerebral cortex; heat shock proteins; multiple electromagnetic fields; specific absorption rate