title: Biochemical Profile, Biological Activities, and Toxic Effects of Proteins in the Rhinella schneideri Parotoid Gland Secretion.
abstract: Parotoid glands of amphibians are known for the production of several biologically active compounds having pharmacological and toxic effects in mammals. In the present work, a protein fraction obtained from Rhinella schneideri parotoid gland (RsPP) was characterized to study its biological and toxic effects. Rhinella schneideri parotoid secretion is composed of up to 30% (w/w) of soluble proteins. Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of the RsPP identified 104 proteins, including actin, beta-actin, ribosomal proteins, catalase, galectin, and uncharacterized proteins; however, no peptidases were found, and this result was reinforced by the absence of proteolytic activity. In addition, RsPP did not exhibit pro-coagulant or antibacterial effects. However, pretreatment of mice with different doses of RsPP intraperitoneally inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema and increased tissue myeloperoxidase activity. RsPP also reduced interleukin 1β levels in the peritoneal cavities and cell migration in the peritoneal cavities of an animal model of carrageenan-induced peritonitis. Subchronic treatment of animals with RsPP for 7 consecutive days did not alter the serum biochemical, renal, or liver parameters. However, a significant reduction in blood leukocyte count was observed. Our results showed that R. schneideri parotoid secretion contains proteins with anti-inflammatory and slight toxic effects.
authors: Departamento de Biomedicina, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brasil.
authors: Luis M
authors: LM
authors: Sousa-Filho
authors: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil.
authors: Cleverson D T
authors: CD
authors: Freitas
authors: Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Fortaleza, Unifor, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil.
authors: Marina D P
authors: MD
authors: Lobo
authors: Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Fortaleza, Unifor, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil.
authors: Ana C O
authors: AC
authors: Monteiro-Moreira
authors: Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil.
authors: Renan O
authors: RO
authors: Silva
authors: Departamento de Biomedicina, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brasil.
authors: Lucas A B
authors: LA
authors: Santana
authors: Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil.
authors: Ronaldo A
authors: RA
authors: Ribeiro
authors: Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil.
authors: Marcellus H L P
authors: MH
authors: Souza
authors: Departamento de Biomedicina, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brasil.
authors: Gustavo P
authors: GP
authors: Ferreira
authors: Departamento de Biomedicina, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brasil.
authors: Anna C T C
authors: AC
authors: Pereira
authors: Departamento de Fisioterapia, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brasil.
authors: André L R
authors: AL
authors: Barbosa
authors: Departamento de Biologia, Campus Almicar Ferreira Sobral, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Floriano, Piauí, Brasil.
authors: Mauro S C S
authors: MS
authors: Lima
authors: Departamento de Biomedicina, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brasil. jsoliveira@ufpi.edu.br.
authors: Jefferson S
authors: JS
authors: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D029845:Amphibian Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D000664:Amphibian Venoms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002025:Bufonidae / Q000378:metabolism; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D005121:Extremities; D005260:Female; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000187:drug effects; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D029845:Amphibian Proteins; D000664:Amphibian Venoms; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D009195:Peroxidase