title: Animated educational video to prepare children for MRI without sedation: evaluation of the appeal and value.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  MRI scans can be distressing for children and often require sedation. Educating children about what to expect reduces anxiety and increases likelihood of successful non-sedated MRI scans. Multimedia tools are a popular means of education. Animated video could provide a free, accessible method of preparing children for MRI scans.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate a new animation video for preparing children for MRI, specifically for decreasing in-scanner motion and examination failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 24 healthy children ages 5-11 years. Participants underwent pre- and post-viewing questionnaires and structured interviews. We then compared median Likert scale score changes between pre- and post-animation questions and analyzed the interview framework. Participants were filmed viewing the animation to calculate time spent looking at the screen to assess how well the video retained children's attention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant improvements in median scores regarding what to expect, checking for metal and keeping still. There were no significant changes in other knowledge-based topics. There were significant improvements in median scores for anxiety-based topics. On average, children watched the screen for 98.9% of the 174-s animation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The animation improved knowledge, reduced anxiety, retained attention and was enjoyed by participants. It can be accessed freely via the Internet to help prepare children ages 5-11 for having an MRI scan.
authors: Radiological Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby Road, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
authors: Szofia
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4867-6977
authors: S
authors: Szeszak
authors: School of Art & Design, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.
authors: Rachel
authors: R
authors: Man
authors: School of Art & Design, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Love
authors: Health E-learning and Media group, School of Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors: Gill
authors: G
authors: Langmack
authors: Health E-learning and Media group, School of Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors: Heather
authors: H
authors: Wharrad
authors: Radiological Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby Road, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK. rob.dineen@nottingham.ac.uk.|Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby Road, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK. rob.dineen@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors: Robert A
authors: RA
authors: Dineen
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000523:psychology*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002359:Cartoons as Topic / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014743:Videotape Recording
keywords: Child; Education; Magnetic resonance imaging; Multi-media; Preparation