title: Nocturia Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Compared with Other Common Chronic Diseases.
abstract: The International Continence Society defines nocturia as the need to void one or more times during the night, with each of the voids preceded and followed by sleep. The chronic sleep disturbance and sleep deprivation experienced by patients with nocturia affects quality of life, compromising both mental and physical well-being. This paper aims to characterise the burden of nocturia by comparing published data from patients with nocturia with data from patients with any of 12 other common chronic conditions, specifically focusing on its impact on work productivity and activity impairment, as measured by the instrument of the same name (WPAI).
  
  
  
  A systematic literature review of multiple data sources identified evaluable studies for inclusion in the analysis. Study eligibility criteria included use of the WPAI instrument in patients with one of a predefined list of chronic conditions. We assessed the quality of each included study using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and extracted basic study information, work and activity impairment data. To assess how work and activity impairment from nocturia compares with impairment from other common chronic diseases, we conducted two data syntheses (pooled and unpooled).
  
  
  
  The number of evaluable studies and the range of overall work productivity impairment reported, respectively, were as follows: nocturia (3; 14-39 %), overactive bladder (5; 11-41 %), irritable bowel syndrome/constipation (14; 21-51 %), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (13; 6-42 %), asthma/allergies (11; 6-40 %), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (7; 19-42 %), sleep problems (3; 12-37 %), arthritis (13; 21-69 %), pain (9; 29-64 %), depression (4; 15-43 %) and gout (2; 20-37 %).
  
  
  
  The overall work productivity impairment as a result of nocturia is substantial and was found to be similar to impairment observed as a result of several other more frequently researched common chronic diseases. Greater awareness of the burden of nocturia, a highly bothersome and prevalent condition, will help policy makers and healthcare decision makers provide appropriate management of nocturia.
authors: Miller Economics Ltd., BioHub Alderley Edge, Alderley Park, SK10 4TG, UK. paul@millereconomicsltd.com.
authors: Paul S J
authors: PS
authors: Miller
authors: Centre for Health Economics, Institute of Population Health/School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, 4.306, Jean McFarlane Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
authors: Harry
authors: H
authors: Hill
authors: Global Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Ferring Pharmaceuticals A/S, Kay Fiskers Plads 11, 2300, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Center for Medical Technology Assessment (CMT), Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden.
authors: Fredrik L
authors: FL
authors: Andersson
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D004526:Efficiency; D006801:Humans; D053158:Nocturia / Q000150:complications*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology