title: Fungal community composition in soils subjected to long-term chemical fertilization is most influenced by the type of organic matter.
abstract: Organic matter application is a widely used practice to increase soil carbon content and maintain soil fertility. However, little is known about the effect of different types of organic matter, or the input of exogenous species from these materials, on soil fungal communities. In this study, fungal community composition was characterized from soils amended with three types of organic matter over a 30-year fertilization experiment. Chemical fertilization significantly changed soil fungal community composition and structure, which was exacerbated by the addition of organic matter, with the direction of change influenced by the type of organic matter used. The addition of organic matter significantly increased soil fungal richness, with the greatest richness achieved in soils amended with pig manure. Importantly, following addition of cow and pig manure, fungal taxa associated with these materials could be found in the soil, suggesting that these exogenous species can augment soil fungal composition. Moreover, the addition of organic matter decreased the relative abundance of potential pathogenic fungi. Overall, these results indicate that organic matter addition influences the composition and structure of soil fungal communities in predictable ways.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road 71, Nanjing, 210008, China.
authors: Ruibo
authors: R
authors: Sun
authors: Marine Biological Laboratory, University of Chicago, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.|Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
authors: Melissa
authors: M
authors: Dsouza
authors: Marine Biological Laboratory, University of Chicago, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.|Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.|Argonne National Laboratory, Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA.
authors: Jack A
authors: JA
authors: Gilbert
authors: Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Resources Environment of Anhui Province, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Nongke Road 40, Hefei, 230031, China.
authors: Xisheng
authors: X
authors: Guo
authors: Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Resources Environment of Anhui Province, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Nongke Road 40, Hefei, 230031, China.
authors: Daozhong
authors: D
authors: Wang
authors: Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Resources Environment of Anhui Province, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Nongke Road 40, Hefei, 230031, China.
authors: Zhibin
authors: Z
authors: Guo
authors: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road 71, Nanjing, 210008, China.
authors: Yingying
authors: Y
authors: Ni
authors: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road 71, Nanjing, 210008, China.
authors: Haiyan
authors: H
authors: Chu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D002417:Cattle; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000032:analysis*; D005658:Fungi / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D008372:Manure; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012987:Soil