title: Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep are Associated with Greater Cognitive Decline in Older Men without Dementia.
abstract: To examine the association between periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) and change in selected aspects of cognition in community-dwelling older men.
  
  
  
  We studied 2,636 older men without dementia who underwent in-home polysomnography with measurement of the periodic limb movement index (PLMI) and periodic limb movement arousal index (PLMAI) using piezoelectric sensors. Random-effects models and logistic regression were used to examine the association between PLMI, PLMAI, and 3- to 4-y change in cognition.
  
  
  
  After multivariable adjustment, men with a high PLMI had greater decline on the Trail Making Test - Part B (P trend = 0.02); those with a PLMI ≥ 30 were 48% more likely (odds ratio = 1.48, 95% confidence interval = 1.05-2.07) to experience the development of significant cognitive impairment (≥ 1 SD above mean change). Further adjustment for sleep efficiency, nocturnal hypoxemia, or dopaminergic medication use and analysis among men without Parkinson disease (n = 2,607) showed similar findings. No significant association was found for PLMAI or for Modified Mini-Mental State Examination scores.
  
  
  
  Among older men without dementia, higher PLMS frequency was associated with greater decline in cognition, particularly in executive function.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA.
authors: Yue
authors: Y
authors: Leng
authors: Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA.
authors: Terri
authors: T
authors: Blackwell
authors: Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA.
authors: Katie L
authors: KL
authors: Stone
authors: Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, CA.
authors: Tina D
authors: TD
authors: Hoang
authors: Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Redline
authors: Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA.
authors: Kristine
authors: K
authors: Yaffe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D020189:Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology
keywords: PLMS; cognition; cognitive decline; periodic limb movements; polysomnography