title: Metagenomic Analysis of Some Potential Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria in Arable Soils at Different Formation Processes.
abstract: The main goal of the study was to determine the diversity of the potential nitrogen-fixing (PNF) bacteria inhabiting agricultural (A) soils versus wastelands serving as controls (C). The soils were classified into three groups based on the formation process: autogenic soils (Albic Luvisols, Brunic Arenosols, Haplic Phaeozem) formed on loess material, hydrogenic soils (Mollic Gleysols, Eutric Fluvisol, Eutric Histosol) formed under the effect of stagnant water and lithogenic soils (Rendzina Leptosols) formed on limestone. In order to determine the preferable conditions for PNF bacteria, the relationships between the soil chemical features and bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were tested. Additionally, the nitrogen content and fertilisation requirement of the lithogenic (LG), autogenic (AG) and hydrogenic (HG) soils were discussed. The composition of the bacterial communities was analysed with the next-generation sequencing (NGS) by the Ion Torrent™ technology. The sequences were clustered into OTU based on a 99 % similarity threshold. The arable soils tested were distinctly dominated by β-Proteobacteria representatives of PNF bacteria belonging to the genus Burkholderia. Bacteria from the α-Proteobacteria class and Devosia genus were subdominants. A free-living Cyanobacteria population dominated in A rather than in C soils. We have found that both soil agricultural management and soil formation processes are the most conducive factors for PNF bacteria, as a majority of these microorganisms inhabit the AG group of soils, whilst the LG soils with the lowest abundance of PNF bacteria revealed the need for additional mineral fertilisation. Our studies have also indicated that there are close relationships between soil classification with respect to soil formation processes and PNF bacteria preference for occupation of soil niches.
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 1 I Konstantynów Str, 20-708, Lublin, Poland. awolin@kul.pl.
authors: Agnieszka
authors: A
authors: Wolińska
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 1 I Konstantynów Str, 20-708, Lublin, Poland.
authors: Agnieszka
authors: A
authors: Kuźniar
authors: Department of Microbial Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, 5a Pawińskiego Str, 02-206, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Urszula
authors: U
authors: Zielenkiewicz
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 1 I Konstantynów Str, 20-708, Lublin, Poland.
authors: Artur
authors: A
authors: Banach
authors: Department of Microbial Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, 5a Pawińskiego Str, 02-206, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Dariusz
authors: D
authors: Izak
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 1 I Konstantynów Str, 20-708, Lublin, Poland.
authors: Zofia
authors: Z
authors: Stępniewska
authors: Department of Microbial Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159 Str, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Mieczysław
authors: M
authors: Błaszczyk
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D044822:Biodiversity; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D054892:Metagenome / Q000235:genetics; D000072738:Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011044:Poland; D020560:Proteobacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D012987:Soil
keywords: Arable soils; Next-generation sequencing; Nitrogen-fixing bacteria; Soil metagenomes; Wastelands