title: Behavioral and neural inhibitory control moderates the effects of reward sensitivity on adolescent substance use.
abstract: The developmental period of adolescence is characterized by increasing incidence of health risk behaviors, including experimenting with drugs and alcohol. We examined how inhibitory control interacts with reward and punishment sensitivity to predict substance use severity and age of onset among early adolescents. The sample was comprised of 157 early adolescents (13-14 years of age, 52% male). Composite scores for behavioral activation system (BAS), behavioral inhibition system (BIS), and substance use severity and onset were computed using adolescents' questionnaire data, and inhibitory control was assessed based on adolescents' behavioral performance and brain imaging during the Multiple Source Interference Task (MSIT). Structural equation modeling analyses indicated that for both behavioral performance and neural activity indicators of inhibitory control, high levels of BAS predicted earlier onset of substance use among adolescents with low inhibitory control-but not among adolescents with high inhibitory control. BIS was not related to substance use severity and onset among adolescents. The results support the theoretically hypothesized moderating role of inhibitory control and its associated frontal cortex functioning, and offer new insights into the identification of adolescents with neurobehavioral vulnerabilities to developing maladaptive substance use behaviors.
authors: Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, United States. Electronic address: jungmeen@vt.edu.
authors: Jungmeen
authors: J
authors: Kim-Spoon
authors: Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States.
authors: Kirby
authors: K
authors: Deater-Deckard
authors: Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
authors: Christopher
authors: C
authors: Holmes
authors: Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, United States.
authors: Jacob
authors: J
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, United States; Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, United States.
authors: Pearl
authors: P
authors: Chiu
authors: Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, United States; Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, United States.
authors: Brooks
authors: B
authors: King-Casas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012201:Reward; D012309:Risk-Taking; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Adolescent Substance Use; Brain Imaging; Inhibitory Control; Regulation; Reward Sensitivity