title: Immunochemical Methods Applied to Art-Historical Materials: Identification and Localization of Proteins by ELISA and IFM.
abstract: Despite the large diffusion of natural organic substances in art-historical materials, their characterization presents many challenges due to the chemical complexity and instability with respect to degradation processes. Among natural products, proteins have been largely used in the past as binders but also as adhesives or additives in coating layers. Nevertheless, biological identification of proteins in art-historical objects is one of the most recent achievements obtained in heritage science thanks to the development of specifically tailored bio-analytical strategies. In the context of this active emerging discipline, immunological methods stand out for sensitivity, specificity and versatility for both protein recognition and localization in micro-samples. Furthermore, the growing use of immunological techniques for advanced diagnostics and clinical applications ensures continuous improvement in their analytical performance. Considering such, this review provides an overview of the most recent applications of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence microscopy techniques in the field of heritage materials. Specifically, the main strengths and potentials of the two techniques as well as their limits and drawbacks are presented and discussed herein.
authors: Isitituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, ISTM-CNR, 06123, Perugia, Italy. laura.cartechini@cnr.it.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Cartechini
authors: Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy.|Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
authors: Melissa
authors: M
authors: Palmieri
authors: Laboratorio di Diagnostica per i Beni Culturali di Spoleto, 06049, Spoleto, Italy.
authors: Manuela
authors: M
authors: Vagnini
authors: Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
authors: Lucia
authors: L
authors: Pitzurra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002364:Caseins / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000032:analysis; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D011506:Proteins; D010047:Ovalbumin
keywords: ELISA; Heritage materials; IFM; Imaging; Painting cross-section; Proteinaceous binders