title: Three dimensional structural insight of laser drilled orifices in osmotic pump tablets.
abstract: The orifice drilled in the membrane as a channel for drug delivery is the key functional part of the osmotic pumps for a controlled drug release system. Reported conventional microscopic evaluations of these orifices have been limited to measurement of two-dimensional cross-section diameters. This study was aimed at establishing a novel method to measure quantitatively the three-dimensional architectures of orifices based on synchrotron radiation X-ray microcomputed tomography (SR-μCT). Quantitative analysis of architectures extracted from captopril osmotic pumps drilled by a range of operating parameters indicated that laser power correlated with the cross section area, volume, surface area and depth of the orifices, while scanning speed of laser beam showed inverse relationships with the above structure characters. The synchrotron radiation based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy mapping showed that there was no apparent chemical change in the surrounding area of the orifice compared with the normal membrane region. Thus SR-μCT was successfully applied to marketed felodipine osmotic pumps for architectural evaluation of the orifices. In conclusion, the first three-dimensional structural insight of orifices in osmotic pump tablets by SR-μCT and structural reconstruction for the architectures has provided deeper insight into improving the design of advanced osmotic pumps for controlled drug release.
authors: School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Wu
authors: Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
authors: Lebing
authors: L
authors: Wang
authors: Qingdao Kangland Biotech Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266000, China.
authors: Shuxia
authors: S
authors: Wang
authors: Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China.
authors: Tiqiao
authors: T
authors: Xiao
authors: Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China.
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Chen
authors: Institute of Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, United Kingdom.
authors: Qun
authors: Q
authors: Shao
authors: Institute of Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, United Kingdom.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: York
authors: Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.
authors: Vikaramjeet
authors: V
authors: Singh
authors: Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, United Kingdom. Electronic address: xzyin@mail.shcnc.ac.cn.
authors: Xianzhen
authors: X
authors: Yin
authors: School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China. Electronic address: gujk@jlu.edu.cn.
authors: Jingkai
authors: J
authors: Gu
authors: School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China. Electronic address: jwzhang@simm.ac.cn.
authors: Jiwen
authors: J
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D015736:Felodipine / Q000737:chemistry; D007834:Lasers; D009995:Osmosis; D017356:Synchrotrons; D013607:Tablets / Q000737:chemistry*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D013607:Tablets; D015736:Felodipine
keywords: Laser drilling; Osmotic pump tablet; Structure; Synchrotron radiation X-ray microcomputed tomography