title: Removing Orientation-Induced Localization Biases in Single-Molecule Microscopy Using a Broadband Metasurface Mask.
abstract: Nanoscale localization of single molecules is a crucial function in several advanced microscopy techniques, including single-molecule tracking and wide-field super-resolution imaging1. To date, a central consideration of such techniques is how to optimize the precision of molecular localization. However, as these methods continue to push toward the nanometre size scale, an increasingly important concern is the localization accuracy. In particular, single fluorescent molecules emit with an anisotropic radiation pattern of an oscillating electric dipole, which can cause significant localization biases using common estimators2-5. Here we present the theory and experimental demonstration of a solution to this problem based on azimuthal filtering in the Fourier plane of the microscope. We do so using a high efficiency dielectric metasurface polarization/phase device composed of nanoposts with sub-wavelength spacing6. The method is demonstrated both on fluorophores embedded in a polymer matrix, and in dL5 protein complexes that bind Malachite green7, 8.
authors: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 375 North-South Mall, Stanford, CA 94305.
authors: Mikael P
authors: MP
authors: Backlund
authors: T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125.
authors: Amir
authors: A
authors: Arbabi
authors: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 375 North-South Mall, Stanford, CA 94305.
authors: Petar N
authors: PN
authors: Petrov
authors: T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125.
authors: Ehsan
authors: E
authors: Arbabi
authors: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 375 North-South Mall, Stanford, CA 94305.
authors: Saumya
authors: S
authors: Saurabh
authors: T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125.
authors: Andrei
authors: A
authors: Faraon
authors: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 375 North-South Mall, Stanford, CA 94305.
authors: W E
authors: WE
authors: Moerner