title: High incidence of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in East Asian children: a nationwide survey in Japan (JP-SHINE study).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known regarding the epidemiology of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) in East Asia. Previous studies have suggested higher incidence of INS in Asian children, though decreasing trend of its incidence has also been shown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a nationwide study of Japanese children aged 6 months to 15 years with INS. Children who were newly diagnosed with INS between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2012 were eligible. Children with congenital nephrotic syndrome or nephrotic syndrome secondary to nephritis were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2099 children were initially diagnosed with INS and were followed for up to 4 years. The estimated incidence of INS was 6.49 cases/100,000 children per year, without clear correlation with geographical region. The male:female ratio was 1.9 and approximately 50 % of children were <5 years old at diagnosis. During the 1-4 years follow-up, 32.7 % developed frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome and steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on our nationwide survey, the incidence of INS in Japanese children is approximately 3-4 times higher than that in Caucasians. However, the male:female ratio and the age at onset were similar to those in previous studies. We are now planning a prospective cohort study to examine the course of INS in Japan.
authors: Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Kaori
authors: K
authors: Kikunaga
authors: Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan. kenzo@ii.e-mansion.com.|Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan. kenzo@ii.e-mansion.com.
authors: Kenji
authors: K
authors: Ishikura
authors: Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Chikako
authors: C
authors: Terano
authors: Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
authors: Mai
authors: M
authors: Sato
authors: Department of Health and Welfare Bureau, Health and Welfare Bureau Health Center of Kawasaki City, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors: Fumiyo
authors: F
authors: Komaki
authors: Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Yuko
authors: Y
authors: Hamasaki
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Sasaki
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
authors: Kazumoto
authors: K
authors: Iijima
authors: Clinical Research Center, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors: Norishige
authors: N
authors: Yoshikawa
authors: Clinical Research Center, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors: Koichi
authors: K
authors: Nakanishi
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors: Hitoshi
authors: H
authors: Nakazato
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Fussa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Matsuyama
authors: Japan Clinical Research Support Unit, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Ando
authors: Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.|Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
authors: Shuichi
authors: S
authors: Ito
authors: Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Masataka
authors: M
authors: Honda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D012008:Recurrence; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Asia; Children; Epidemiological study; Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome; Incidence; Nationwide survey