title: First Symptoms and Neurocognitive Correlates of Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia.
abstract: Previous works highlight the neurocognitive differences between apathetic and disinhibited clinical presentations of the behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). However, little is known regarding how the early presentation (i.e., first symptom) is associated to the neurocognitive correlates of the disease's clinical presentation at future stages of disease.
  
  
  
  We analyzed the neurocognitive correlates of patients with bvFTD who debuted with apathy or disinhibition as first symptom of disease.
  
  
  
  We evaluated the neuropsychological, clinical, and neuroanatomical (3T structural images) correlates in a group of healthy controls (n = 30) and two groups of bvFTD patients (presented with apathy [AbvFTD, n = 18] or disinhibition [DbvFTD, n = 16]). To differentiate groups according to first symptoms, we used multivariate analyses.
  
  
  
  The first symptom in patients described the evolution of the disease. AbvFTD and DbvFTD patients showed increased brain atrophy and increased levels of disinhibition and apathy, respectively. Whole brain analyzes in AbvFTD revealed atrophy in the frontal, insular, and temporal areas. DbvFTD, in turn, presented atrophy in the prefrontal regions, temporoparietal junction, insula, and temporoparietal region. Increased atrophy in DbvFTD patients (compared to AbvFTD) was observed in frontotemporal regions. Multivariate analyses confirmed that a set of brain areas including right orbitofrontal, right dorsolateral prefrontal, and left caudate were enough to distinguish the patients' subgroups.∥Conclusion: First symptom in bvFTD patients described the neurocognitive impairments after around three years of disease, playing an important role in the early detection, disease tracking, and neuroanatomical specification of bvFTD, as well as in future research on potential disease-modifying treatments.
authors: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá, Colombia.|Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Translational and Cognitive Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.|National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.|Intellectus, Memory and cognition center. Hospital San Ignacio Bogotá, Colombia.
authors: Hernando
authors: H
authors: Santamaría-García
authors: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá, Colombia.|Intellectus, Memory and cognition center. Hospital San Ignacio Bogotá, Colombia.
authors: Pablo
authors: P
authors: Reyes
authors: Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Translational and Cognitive Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.|National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.|Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Facultad de Educación Elemental y Especial (FEEyE), Mendoza, Argentina.
authors: Adolfo
authors: A
authors: García
authors: Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Translational and Cognitive Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.|National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors: Sandra
authors: S
authors: Baéz
authors: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá, Colombia.|Université Lumière Lyon 2 - Laboratoire Dynamique du langage, Lyon, France.
authors: Angela
authors: A
authors: Martinez
authors: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá, Colombia.|Intellectus, Memory and cognition center. Hospital San Ignacio Bogotá, Colombia.|Departament de Psiquiatria i medicina legal. Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, España.
authors: José Manuel
authors: JM
authors: Santacruz
authors: Gerosciences Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Avenida Salvador 486, Providencia, Santiago, Chile.|Physiopathology Department, ICBM y East Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Salvador 486, Providencia, Santiago, Chile.|Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital del Salvador, Av. Salvador 364, Providencia, Santiago, Chile.|Center for Advanced Research in Education (CIAE), Universidad de Chile, 8330014, Santiago, Chile.|Neurology Department, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile.
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Slachevsky
authors: Universidad Torcuato di Tella Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors: Mariano
authors: M
authors: Sigman
authors: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá, Colombia.|Intellectus, Memory and cognition center. Hospital San Ignacio Bogotá, Colombia.|Instituto de envejecimiento. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia.
authors: Diana
authors: D
authors: Matallana
authors: Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Translational and Cognitive Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.|National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.|Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile.|Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Barranquilla, Colombia.|Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Australian Research Council (ACR), NSW, Australia.
authors: Agustín
authors: A
authors: Ibañez
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D057180:Frontotemporal Dementia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Apathy; apathy; behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia; first symptom; voxel-based morphometry