title: Improving the bioremoval of sulfamethoxazole and alleviating cytotoxicity of its biotransformation by laccase producing system under coculture of Pycnoporus sanguineus and Alcaligenes faecalis.
abstract: The occurrence of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in aquatic environment is a health concern. The presence of SMX significantly inhibited the laccase activity of Pycnoporus sanguineus with a lower removal efficiency of SMX. Although a laccase system with 2,20-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) eliminated 100% SMX within 6h, ABTS might cause an environmental issue. An alternative to SMX elimination is the coculture of Alcaligenes faecalis and P. sanguineus. The SMX removal efficiency at 48h under the coculture with vitamins was higher than that under their pure culture alone, indicating that a coculture was more efficient in eliminating SMX than a pure culture. Only 1% SMX was detected in mycelia, indicating that SMX elimination is achieved primarily through biotransformation rather than adsorption. Laccase production by the coculture effectively inhibited the accumulations of N4-acetyl-SMX and N-hydroxy-SMX and alleviated the cytotoxicity of SMX transformation products. The mixture of SMX and sulfadiazine inhibited their removal efficiency.
authors: Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education (Tianjin University), Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, People's Republic of China.
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China.
authors: Qiu-Man
authors: QM
authors: Xu
authors: Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education (Tianjin University), Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: jscheng@tju.edu.cn.
authors: Jing-Sheng
authors: JS
authors: Cheng
authors: Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education (Tianjin University), Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, People's Republic of China.
authors: Ying-Jin
authors: YJ
authors: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D042481:Alcaligenes faecalis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D042845:Laccase / Q000378:metabolism; D055494:Pycnoporus / Q000378:metabolism*; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D055454:Trametes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D042845:Laccase; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole
keywords: Antibiotic removal; Laccase; Mixed culture; Pycnoporus sanguineus; Sulfamethoxazole