title: Anaesthesia in outer space: the ultimate ambulatory setting?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Missions to the Moon or more distant planets are planned in the next future, and will push back the limits of our experience in providing medical support in remote environments. Medical preparedness is ongoing, and involves planning for emergency surgical interventions and anaesthetic procedures. This review will summarize what principles of ambulatory anaesthesia on Earth could benefit the environment of a space mission with its unique constraints.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ambulatory anaesthesia relies on several principles such as improved patient pathway, correct patient selection, optimized procedural strategies to hasten recovery and active prevention of postoperative complications. Severe limitations in the equipment available and the skills of the crew members represent the key factors to be taken into account when designing the on-board medical system for future interplanetary space missions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The application of some of the key principles of ambulatory anaesthesia, as well as recent advances in anaesthetic techniques and better understanding of human adaptation to the space environment might allow nonanaesthesiologist physicians to perform common anaesthetic procedures, whilst maximizing crew safety and minimizing the impact of medical events on the mission.
authors: aDepartment of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine bDepartment of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London cDepartment of Intensive Care, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust dDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, South London Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK eDepartment of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors: Matthieu
authors: M
authors: Komorowski
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Fleming
authors: Jochen
authors: J
authors: Hinkelbein
mesh_terms: D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005118:Extraterrestrial Environment; D006801:Humans; D013026:Space Flight