title: Nomogram for predicting recurrence in stage II colorectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There have been no established criteria to distinguish patients at high and low risk of recurrence in stage II colorectal cancer. Several risk factors have been identified but recurrence could not be fully predicted by each factor alone. This retrospective study sought to develop a nomogram for accurate prediction of recurrence in stage II colorectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the data for 4167 patients with stage II colorectal cancer who underwent surgery between January 1997 and December 2006. The risk factors for recurrence were identified, and a nomogram for recurrence was created using the factors. The performance of the nomogram was assessed with a bootstrapped-concordance index and calibration plots.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sex, carcinoembryonic antigen, tumor location, tumor depth, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion and number of lymph nodes studied were significantly associated with recurrence. A nomogram for five-year freedom from recurrence was created with these factors. The bootstrapped-concordance index of the nomogram was 0.64, and it was well calibrated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our nomogram can be a useful tool for accurate prediction of recurrence in stage II colorectal cancer.
authors: a Department of Surgery , Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan.
authors: Nobuaki
authors: N
authors: Hoshino
authors: b Department of Surgery , Fukuoka University Hospital , Fukuoka , Japan.
authors: Suguru
authors: S
authors: Hasegawa
authors: a Department of Surgery , Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan.
authors: Koya
authors: K
authors: Hida
authors: a Department of Surgery , Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan.
authors: Kenji
authors: K
authors: Kawada
authors: a Department of Surgery , Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan.
authors: Riki
authors: R
authors: Ganeko
authors: c Department of Surgical Oncology , Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo , Japan.
authors: Kenichi
authors: K
authors: Sugihara
authors: a Department of Surgery , Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan.
authors: Yoshiharu
authors: Y
authors: Sakai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D003107:Colorectal Surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D049451:Nomograms; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate