title: Perception of dental visit pictures in children with autism spectrum disorder and their caretakers: A qualitative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  One of the most common ways to communicate to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is by using pictures. This study was conducted to identify the easiest perception of dental visit by children with ASD when using pictures as printed photographs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants from a school for children with special needs in south Jakarta. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 autistic children aged 13-17 years, 2 parents, and 2 teachers. Open-ended questions were asked to participants regarding pictures of dental clinic personnel and activity. Conversations were noted, tape recorded, and then categorized to extract a theme. The data were analyzed using Dedoose mixed methods software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most respondents showed a positive perception of the dental visit pictures. Many of the pictures were easily recognized by children with ASD, but some failed to be understood. Caretakers not only gave their perception but also recommendations for improvement of the pictures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dental visit pictures could be used as useful communication tools for children with ASD. Based on the results, the pictures related to dental visit were generally easy to understand, however, some needed correction to be comprehensible.
authors: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors: Witriana L
authors: WL
authors: Wibisono
authors: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors: Margaretha
authors: M
authors: Suharsini
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors: Tjhin
authors: T
authors: Wiguna
authors: Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors: Budiharto
authors: B
authors: Sudiroatmodjo
authors: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors: Sarworini B
authors: SB
authors: Budiardjo
authors: Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors: Elza I
authors: EI
authors: Auerkari
keywords: Autism spectrum disorder; dental visit picture; visual perception