title: The nature of self-esteem and its relationship to anxiety and depression in adult acquired brain injury.
abstract: Acquired brain injury (ABI) has a negative impact on self-esteem, which is in turn associated with mood disorders, maladaptive coping and reduced community participation. The aim of the current research was to explore self-esteem as a multi-dimensional construct and identify which factors are associated with symptoms of anxiety or depression. Eighty adults with ABI aged 17-56 years completed the Robson Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), of whom 65 also completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; 57.5% of the sample had clinically low self-esteem. The RSES had good internal consistency (α =   .89), and factor analysis identified four factors, which differed from those found previously in other populations. Multiple regression analysis revealed anxiety was differentially predicted by "Self-Worth" and "Self-Efficacy", R2=   .44, F(4, 58) =   9, p <   .001, and depression by "Self-Regard", R2=   .38, F(4, 58) =   9, p <   .001. A fourth factor, "Confidence", did not predict depression or anxiety. In conclusion, the RSES is a reliable measure of self-esteem after ABI. Self-esteem after ABI is multidimensional and differs in structure from self-esteem in the general population. A multidimensional model of self-esteem may be helpful in development of transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural accounts of adjustment.
authors: a The Oliver Zangwill Centre for Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , Cambridgeshire Community Services (NHS) Trust , Ely Cambridgeshire , UK.
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Longworth
authors: a The Oliver Zangwill Centre for Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , Cambridgeshire Community Services (NHS) Trust , Ely Cambridgeshire , UK.|b School of Psychology , University of Surrey , Guildford , UK.|c Royal Hospital for Neuro-disability , London , UK.
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Deakins
authors: b School of Psychology , University of Surrey , Guildford , UK.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Rose
authors: a The Oliver Zangwill Centre for Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , Cambridgeshire Community Services (NHS) Trust , Ely Cambridgeshire , UK.|d Department of Clinical Psychology and The Acquired Brain Injury Rehabilitation Affiliation, Faculty of Medicine and Health , University of East Anglia , Norwich , UK.
authors: Fergus
authors: F
authors: Gracey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009323:Natural Language Processing; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012649:Self Concept; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Brain injury; anxiety; cognitive therapy patient group; depression; self-esteem