title: Interventions to improve physical activity during pregnancy: a systematic review on issues of internal and external validity using the RE-AIM framework.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Physical activity (PA) during pregnancy has significant health benefits for the mother and her child; however, many women reduce their activity levels during pregnancy and most are not sufficiently active. Given the important health benefits of PA during pregnancy, evidence that supports research translation is vital.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the extent to which physical activity interventions for pregnant women report on internal and external validity factors using the RE-AIM framework (reach, efficacy/effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten databases were searched up to 1 June 2015. Eligible published papers and unpublished/grey literature were identified using relevant search terms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies had to report on physical activity interventions during pregnancy, including measures of physical activity during pregnancy at baseline and at least one point post-intervention. Randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies that had a comparator group were included.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reporting of RE-AIM dimensions were summarised and synthesised across studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The reach (72.1%) and efficacy/effectiveness (71.8%) dimensions were commonly reported; however, the implementation (28.9%) and adoption (23.2%) dimensions were less commonly reported and no studies reported on maintenance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review highlights the under-reporting of issues of contextual factors in studies of physical activity during pregnancy. The translation of physical activity interventions during pregnancy could be improved through reporting of representativeness of participants, clearer reporting of outcomes, more detail on the setting and staff who deliver interventions, costing of interventions and the inclusion of process evaluations and qualitative data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The systematic review highlights the under-reporting of contextual factors in studies of physical activity during pregnancy.
authors: Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.|Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development (SEED), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Craike
authors: Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development (SEED), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Hill
authors: Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development (SEED), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
authors: C J
authors: CJ
authors: Gaskin
authors: Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development (SEED), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Skouteris
mesh_terms: D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
keywords: Internal/external validity; RE-AIM; intervention; physical activity; pregnancy; translation