title: Enhancement of Pathologist's Routine Practice: Reuse of DNA Extracted from Immunostained Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded (FFPE) Slides in Downstream Molecular Analysis of Cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To date, the conventional formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) technique is the gold-standard for preserving histomorphology. Once FFPE tissues are stained, slides are routinely archived along with their blocks at biobanks/hospitals. However, the reuse of fixed and stained biospecimens as DNA source is not a common routine practice worldwide and, thus, indicates the need of studies to investigate the feasibility of extracting DNA from already immunohistochemistry (IHC) FFPE-stained slides and its possible reuse in subsequent downstream molecular analyses.
  
  
  METHODS
  FFPE IHC slides from colorectal cancer (CRC) patients were prepared and stored in the CEGMR Biobank. The workflow consists of digitalization of IHC stained slide's image, removing the slide cover-slip, crude dissection and DNA extraction. Following DNA quality assessment, mutation analysis of CTNNB1 and methylation profile of CDH1 were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High-quality DNA was obtained allowing 60% concordance between CDH1 methylation and membranous E-cadherin expression pattern. Clean CTNNB1 DNA chromatograms with evenly-spaced peaks were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is a proof of concept to recycle and reuse DNA from IHC stained slides with suitable concentration and integrity for further downstream molecular applications. These findings will enhance the pathologists' knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards the use of these biospecimens and support the implementation of this approach in clinical pathology practice. Therefore, the scientific community will benefit from the largest comprehensive database of human fully annotated FFPE biospecimens already available at their disposal in order to demystify the complexity and the heterogeneity of many challenging diseases and foster the transition towards precision medicine.
authors: Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors: Asmaa
authors: A
authors: Al-Attas
authors: Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia KACST Technology Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors: Mourad
authors: M
authors: Assidi
authors: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors: Jaudah
authors: J
authors: Al-Maghrabi
authors: Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia KACST Technology Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors: Ashraf
authors: A
authors: Dallol
authors: Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors: Hans-Juergen
authors: HJ
authors: Schulten
authors: Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors: Muhammad
authors: M
authors: Abu-Elmagd
authors: Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors: Adeel
authors: A
authors: Chaudhary
authors: Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia KACST Technology Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors: Adel
authors: A
authors: Abuzenadah
authors: Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Institute of Applied Genetics, Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, U.S.A.
authors: Bruce
authors: B
authors: Budowle
authors: Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia abuhme@utu.fi.
authors: Abdelbaset
authors: A
authors: Buhmeida
authors: Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors: Mohammed
authors: M
authors: Al-Qahtani
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019175:DNA Methylation; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; D009154:Mutation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000072142:Pathologists; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D057188:Workflow
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: DNA reuse; FFPE; IHC; methylation; mutation analysis; slide image digitalization