title: Limited capsular release and controlled manipulation under anaesthesia for the treatment of frozen shoulder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In light of recent interest in the cost-effectiveness of the treatment options available for frozen shoulder, we aimed to determine the results of limited anterior capsular release and controlled manipulation under anaesthesia (MUA) in the treatment of primary frozen shoulder in terms of patient-related outcomes measure, range of motion and re-intervention rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  This single-surgeon series included prospectively collected data on all patients undergoing capsular release with MUA from March 2011 until June 2013, with a minimum follow-up of 6 months from the index procedure. Outcome measures included pre- and postoperative Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), range of motion and need for re-intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-four procedures were performed in 52 patients. Mean age 50 years (range 42 years to 59 years); male: female ratio = 11: 41. There was a highly statistically significant improvement in both pain and function modules of the OSS (p < 0.005) and range of motion (p < 0.005) at 6 months. The median postoperative score was 41 from a maximum of 48 points, with an average mean improvement of 24 points. Seventeen patients were diabetics. There was no significant difference in pre-operative and postoperative OSS or range of motion between the diabetic group and the non-diabetic groups. No patients required surgical re-intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A combination of limited capsular release and MUA for the treatment of primary frozen shoulder is a safe and effective procedure resulting in marked improvement in pain, function and range of motion.
authors: Liverpool Upper Limb Unit, Broadgreen Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
authors: Amit S
authors: AS
authors: Bidwai
authors: Liverpool Upper Limb Unit, Broadgreen Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
authors: Alistair Iw
authors: AI
authors: Mayne
authors: Liverpool Upper Limb Unit, Broadgreen Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
authors: Maryke
authors: M
authors: Nielsen
authors: Liverpool Upper Limb Unit, Broadgreen Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Brownson
keywords: adhesive capsulitis; arthoscopy; capsular release; frozen shoulder