title: Determination of pesticides and veterinary drug residues in food by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: A review.
abstract: Monitoring of pesticides and veterinary drug residues is required to enforce legislation and guarantee food safety. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is the prevailing technique for assessing both types of residues because LC offers a versatile and universal separation mechanism suitable for non-gas chromatography (GC) amenable and the majority of GC-amenable compounds. This characteristic becomes more relevant when LC is coupled to MS because the high sensitivity and specificity of the detector allows to apply generic sample preparation procedures, which simultaneously extract a wide variety of residues with different physico-chemical properties. Determination of metabolites and degradation products, non-target suspected screening of an increasing number of residues, and even unknowns identification are also becoming inherent LC-MS advantages thanks to the latest advances. For routine analysis and, in particular, for official surveillance purposes in food control, analytical methods properly validated following strict guidelines are needed. After a brief introduction and an outline of the legislation applicable around the world, aspects such as improvement of specificity of high-throughput methods, resolution and mass accuracy of identification strategies and quantitative accuracy are critically reviewed in this article. In them, extraction, separation and determination are emphasized. The main objective is to offer an assessment of the state of the art and identify research needs and future trends in determining pesticide and veterinary drug residues in food by LC-MS.
authors: Food and Environmental Safety Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Research Center on Desertification (CIDE, UV-CSIC-GV), Carretera Moncada-Náquera, Moncada, Spain.
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Masiá
authors: Unit of Public Health, Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Center for Advanced Research in Public Health (CSISP-FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.
authors: Maria Morales
authors: MM
authors: Suarez-Varela
authors: Unit of Public Health, Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Center for Advanced Research in Public Health (CSISP-FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.
authors: Agustin
authors: A
authors: Llopis-Gonzalez
authors: Food and Environmental Safety Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Research Center on Desertification (CIDE, UV-CSIC-GV), Carretera Moncada-Náquera, Moncada, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: Yolanda.Pico@uv.es.
authors: Yolanda
authors: Y
authors: Picó
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D019155:Veterinary Drugs / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D019155:Veterinary Drugs
keywords: Food; Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; Pesticides; Sample preparation; Veterinary drugs