title: Review of perioperative pain management of opioid-dependent patients.
abstract: Opioid dependence can occur due to prescription opioid use, recreational opioid use, or as a result of opioid use for the treatment of drug addiction. Pain control in these patients is truly a challenge. It is important to understand the patient's condition such as the phenomenon of drug dependence, drug addiction, and pseudoaddiction to provide effective analgesia. This may be accomplished using appropriate multimodal therapies and by treatment of coexisting diseases such as anxiety. The goal is to provide effective analgesia, prevent cognitive and emotional problems, and produce a positive postoperative rehabilitation process. Multimodal options include pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches, psychological support, and interventional pain procedures, all focused toward providing optimal pain control while preventing undertreatment, withdrawal symptoms, and other complications.
authors: Associate Professor of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors: Nalini
authors: N
authors: Vadivelu
authors: Professor of Anaesthesiology, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India.
authors: Sukanya
authors: S
authors: Mitra
authors: Medical Student, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York.
authors: Alice M
authors: AM
authors: Kai
authors: Medical Student, California North State University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, California.
authors: Gopal
authors: G
authors: Kodumudi
authors: Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine, Regional Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
authors: Karina
authors: K
authors: Gritsenko
mesh_terms: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid