title: Visceral motor neuron diversity delineates a cellular basis for nipple- and pilo-erection muscle control.
abstract: Despite the variety of physiological and target-related functions, little is known regarding the cellular complexity in the sympathetic ganglion. We explored the heterogeneity of mouse stellate and thoracic ganglia and found an unexpected variety of cell types. We identified specialized populations of nipple- and pilo-erector muscle neurons. These neurons extended axonal projections and were born among other neurons during embryogenesis, but remained unspecialized until target organogenesis occurred postnatally. Target innervation and cell-type specification was coordinated by an intricate acquisition of unique combinations of growth factor receptors and the initiation of expression of concomitant ligands by the nascent erector muscles. Overall, our results provide compelling evidence for a highly sophisticated organization of the sympathetic nervous system into discrete outflow channels that project to well-defined target tissues and offer mechanistic insight into how diversity and connectivity are established during development.
authors: Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Alessandro
authors: A
authors: Furlan
authors: Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Gioele
authors: G
authors: La Manno
authors: Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Moritz
authors: M
authors: Lübke
authors: Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Häring
authors: Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Hind
authors: H
authors: Abdo
authors: Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Hannah
authors: H
authors: Hochgerner
authors: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Jussi
authors: J
authors: Kupari
authors: Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Dmitry
authors: D
authors: Usoskin
authors: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Matti S
authors: MS
authors: Airaksinen
authors: Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors: Guillermo
authors: G
authors: Oliver
authors: Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Sten
authors: S
authors: Linnarsson
authors: Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Patrik
authors: P
authors: Ernfors
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005728:Ganglia, Sympathetic / Q000502:physiology; D051097:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009558:Nipples / Q000502:physiology*; D010863:Piloerection / Q000502:physiology*; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret / Q000378:metabolism; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000098551:Prospero-Related Homeobox 1 Protein
chemical_list: D051097:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D000098551:Prospero-Related Homeobox 1 Protein; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; C494999:Ret protein, mouse