title: Advanced Cellulose Fibers for Efficient Immobilization of Enzymes.
abstract: Biocatalytic pulp fibers were prepared using surface functionalization of bleached kraft pulp with amino groups (F) and further immobilization of a cross-linked glucose oxidase (G*) from Aspergillus niger. The cross-linked enzymes (G*) were characterized using X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic scanning calorimetry, and dynamic light scattering. According to standard assays, the G* content on the resulting fibers (FG*) was of 11 mg/g of fiber, and enzyme activity was of 215 U/g. The results from confocal- and stimulated emission depletion microscopy techniques demonstrated that glucose oxidase do not penetrate the interlayers of fibers. The benefit of pulp fiber functionalization was evident in the present case, as the introduction of amino groups allowed the immobilization of larger amount of enzymes and rendered more efficient systems. Using the approach described on this paper, several advanced materials from wood pulp fibers and new bioprocesses might be developed by selecting the correct enzyme for the target applications.
authors: Fibre and Cellulose Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University , Porthansgatan 3, FI 20500 Åbo, Finland.
authors: Iris Beatriz
authors: IB
authors: Vega Erramuspe
authors: Laboratory of Biophysics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku , Tykistökatu 6A, 5th Floor, FI 20520 Turku, Finland.
authors: Elnaz
authors: E
authors: Fazeli
authors: Laboratory of Biophysics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku , Tykistökatu 6A, 5th Floor, FI 20520 Turku, Finland.|Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , von Eulers väg 3, SE 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Tuomas
authors: T
authors: Näreoja
authors: Fibre and Cellulose Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University , Porthansgatan 3, FI 20500 Åbo, Finland.
authors: Jani
authors: J
authors: Trygg
authors: Laboratory of Biophysics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku , Tykistökatu 6A, 5th Floor, FI 20520 Turku, Finland.
authors: Pekka
authors: P
authors: Hänninen
authors: Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research at Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena , Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Heinze
authors: Fibre and Cellulose Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University , Porthansgatan 3, FI 20500 Åbo, Finland.|Department of Chemical Engineering (CIT), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Pedro
authors: P
authors: Fardim
mesh_terms: D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D002151:Calorimetry; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D000067493:Dynamic Light Scattering; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014934:Wood / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D002482:Cellulose; D005949:Glucose Oxidase