title: Ex vivo ovine model for suspension microlaryngoscopy training.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop an ovine model for teaching suspension laryngoscopy and phonosurgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The head and neck from 10 pre-pubescent sheep were harvested following humane euthanasia at the end of an in vivo protocol. No live animals were used in this study. The tissues were saline-perfused and refrigerated for 1-5 days. Suspension laryngoscopy was performed using adolescent Parsons and adult Kantor-Berci laryngoscopes suspended with a Benjamin-Parsons laryngoscope holder. Visualisation was achieved with 0° and 30° telescopes, and a three-chip camera and video system. Shapshay-Ossoff microlaryngeal instruments were used for endolaryngeal dissection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Experienced laryngologists led a second year medical student through several procedures including injection laryngoplasty, hydrodissection and incision, endolaryngeal suturing, and partial cordectomy. Despite expected anatomical differences, the model proved highly realistic for suspension microlaryngoscopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sheep head and neck model provides an inexpensive, safe model for developing skills in suspension laryngoscopy and basic phonosurgery.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery,Lewis Katz School of Medicine,Temple University,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,USA.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Isaacson
authors: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery,Lewis Katz School of Medicine,Temple University,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,USA.
authors: D C
authors: DC
authors: Ianacone
authors: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery,Lewis Katz School of Medicine,Temple University,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,USA.
authors: A M S
authors: AM
authors: Soliman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004210:Dissection / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D020704:Laryngoscopes; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000193:education* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000193:education* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D023421:Models, Animal; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000193:education*; D012756:Sheep; D013663:Teaching
keywords: Airway Surgery; Injection Laryngoplasty; Laryngoscopy; Microlaryngoscopy; Sheep; Surgical Simulation