title: Bioaccumulation of heavy metals, metalloids, and chlorine in ectomycorrhizae from smelter-polluted area.
abstract: Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi contribute to the survival of host trees on metal-rich soils by reducing the transfer of toxic metals into roots. However, little is known about the ability of ECM fungi to accumulate elements in ectomycorrhizae (ECMs). Here we report Ag, As, Cd, Cl, Cu, Sb, V, and Zn contents in wild-grown Norway spruce ECMs collected in a smelter-polluted area at Lhota near Příbram, Czech Republic. The ECMs data were compared with the element concentrations determined in the corresponding non-mycorrhizal fine roots, soils, and soil extracts. Bioaccumulation factors were calculated to differentiate the element accumulation ability of ECMs inhabited by different mycobionts, which were identified by ITS rDNA sequencing. Among the target elements, the highest contents were observed for Ag, Cl, Cd, and Zn; Imleria badia ECMs showed the highest capability to accumulate these elements. ECMs of Amanita muscaria, but not of other species, accumulated V. The analysis of the proportions of I. badia and A. muscaria mycelia in ECMs by using species-specific quantitative real-time PCR revealed variable extent of the colonization of roots, with median values close to 5% (w/w). Calculated Ag, Cd, Zn and Cl concentrations in the mycelium of I. badia ECMs were 1 680, 1 510, 2 670, and 37,100 mg kg-1dry weight, respectively, indicating substantial element accumulation capacity of hyphae of this species in ECMs. Our data strengthen the idea of an active role of ECM fungi in soil-fungal-plant interactions in polluted environments.
authors: Nuclear Physic Institute, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Řež 130, CZ-25068 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic; Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
authors: Jaroslava
authors: J
authors: Cejpková
authors: Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Faculty of Sciences, J. E. Purkyně University, České mládeže 8, CZ-40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic.
authors: Milan
authors: M
authors: Gryndler
authors: Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
authors: Hana
authors: H
authors: Hršelová
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, CZ-16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
authors: Pavel
authors: P
authors: Kotrba
authors: Nuclear Physic Institute, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Řež 130, CZ-25068 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic.
authors: Zdeněk
authors: Z
authors: Řanda
authors: Nuclear Physic Institute, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Řež 130, CZ-25068 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic; Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
authors: Iva
authors: I
authors: Synková
authors: Nuclear Physic Institute, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Řež 130, CZ-25068 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic; Institute of Geology, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic. Electronic address: bore.bor@gmail.com.
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Borovička
mesh_terms: D002713:Chlorine / Q000378:metabolism*; D018153:Czech Republic; D058955:Metalloids / Q000378:metabolism*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000378:metabolism*; D025282:Mycelium / Q000378:metabolism; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D058955:Metalloids; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002713:Chlorine
keywords: Cadmium; Ectomycorrhiza; Ectomycorrhizal fungi; Quantitative real-time PCR; Roots; Silver; Soil