title: Pediatric Anti-ganglionic Antibody Positive Autonomic Neuropathy: Clinical Presentation and Response to Treatment.
abstract: Autoimmune autonomic neuropathy is rare in children. There are few pediatric reports documenting anti-ganglionic antibodies.
  
  
  
  We present two children with anti-ganglionic antibody positive autonomic neuropathy, including their presentation, results of testing, and treatment course.
  
  
  
  Both children had delayed diagnoses because of the presence of vague autonomic symptoms. Treatment with multiple immunotherapies appears to bring at least a partial response and can be monitored with anti-ganglionic antibody titers.
  
  
  
  Our findings contribute to the sparse literature in pediatric autoimmune autonomic neuropathy and highlight the need for additional studies to create diagnostic criteria and define optimal treatment regimens.
authors: Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Electronic address: ntiongson@gmail.com.
authors: Emmanuelle
authors: E
authors: Tiongson
authors: Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
authors: Norianne
authors: N
authors: Pimentel
authors: Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
authors: Leigh
authors: L
authors: Ramos-Platt
authors: Department of Neurology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California.
authors: Safwan
authors: S
authors: Jaradeh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D020274:Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002675:Child, Preschool; D057210:Delayed Diagnosis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies
keywords: anti-ganglionic antibodies; autoimmune autonomic neuropathy; neuropathy; pediatric