title: Psychotic experiences and incident suicidal ideation and behaviour: Disentangling the longitudinal associations from connected psychopathology.
abstract: This study examines the longitudinal associations between psychotic experiences (PE) and incident suicidal ideation and behaviour in the general population, and to what degree the association may be confounded by non-psychotic psychopathology. Data from three prospective, general population cohorts were combined into one dataset (n=15,837) and analysed using logistic regression, controlling for continuous measures of depression, anxiety and mania symptoms. Analyses were conducted in the entire sample, and in subsamples stratified by presence or absence of mental disorders. The presence of PE at baseline increased the risk of incident suicidal ideation and behaviour. However, adjustment for dimensional measures of psychopathology reduced effect sizes, although PE remained significantly associated with suicide attempts. Further examination of the associations revealed that PE were only associated with suicide attempts in individuals with at least one mental disorder. Similarly, in individuals without mental disorders, the risk of suicidal ideation increased as PE co-occurred with more symptom domains. The results of this study confirm that individuals with PE are at increased risk of suicidal ideation and behaviour. However, these associations are not specific, but reflect the increased risk of suicidal ideation in individuals with subthreshold multidimensional psychopathology and suicide attempts in individuals with co-occurring mental disorders.
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors: Steven
authors: S
authors: Honings
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors: Marjan
authors: M
authors: Drukker
authors: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Neuroscience, Research Group Psychiatry, Centre for Contextual Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Martine
authors: M
authors: van Nierop
authors: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Neuroscience, Research Group Psychiatry, Centre for Contextual Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium; University Psychiatric Center Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Campus Kortenberg, Leuvensesteenweg, Kortenberg, Belgium.
authors: Ruud
authors: R
authors: van Winkel
authors: Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
authors: Hans-Ulrich
authors: HU
authors: Wittchen
authors: Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors: Roselind
authors: R
authors: Lieb
authors: Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Margreet
authors: M
authors: Ten Have
authors: Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Ron
authors: R
authors: de Graaf
authors: Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Saskia
authors: S
authors: van Dorsselaer
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; King's College London, King's Health Partners, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK. Electronic address: j.vanos@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors: Jim
authors: J
authors: van Os
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D013406:Suicide, Attempted; D055815:Young Adult