title: Internal anomalies in thalidomide embryopathy: results of imaging screening by CT and MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the prevalence and detailed radiological findings of internal anomalies in thalidomide embryopathy (TE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Whole-body image screening for internal anomalies using unenhanced whole-body computed tomography (CT) and head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 22 patients (13 women and nine men; mean age, 49 years; range, 47-51 years) with TE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 22 patients with TE, internal anomalies were detected in 19 (86.4%): anomalies of the auditory organ in 10 (45.5%), anomalies of the vascular system in six (27.3%), agenesis of the gallbladder in six (27.3%), hypoplasia or aplasia of the 7th or 8th cranial nerves in five (22.7%), block vertebrae in five (22.7%), fusion of the left lobe and quadrate lobe of the liver in three (9.1%), and others in five (22.7%), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to limb defects or hypoplasia, various internal anomalies can be detected at a high incidence in TE using CT and MRI. Understanding these characteristic radiological findings may help radiologists detect a wide range of radiological findings of internal anomalies associated with TE.
authors: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan. Electronic address: ttajima@kyj.biglobe.ne.jp.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Tajima
authors: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Wada
authors: Department of General Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Yoshizawa
authors: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Masuda
authors: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Okafuji
authors: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Nakayama
authors: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Hasuo
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015984:Causality; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008099:Liver / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D013131:Spine / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051598:Whole Body Imaging / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D013792:Thalidomide