title: TOPOGRAPHIC CHANGES OF THE MACULA AFTER CLOSURE OF IDIOPATHIC MACULAR HOLE.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate retinal displacement in the macula after surgical closure of idiopathic macular hole and to identify factors correlated with displacement.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective multicenter study included 73 eyes of 73 patients having idiopathic macular hole. A custom program was developed to compare the position of the retinal vessels in the macula between preoperative and postoperative photographs. En face images of a 6 mm × 6 mm optical coherence tomography volume scans were registered to calculate the scale. A grid comprising 16 sectors in 2 rings (inner; 2-4 mm and outer; 4-6 mm) was superimposed. The displacement of the retinal vessels was measured as a vector value by comparing the location of the retinal vessels in each sector. The correlation between displacement and various clinical parameters was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average displacement was 57.2 μm at an angle of -3.3° (nasal and slightly inferior). Displacement was larger in the inner ring (79.2 μm) than in the outer ring (35.3 μm, P < 0.001), and larger in the temporal sectors than in the corresponding nasal sectors (P ≤ 0.008). Inferior and superior displacement was noted in the superior and inferior sectors, respectively. Multiple regression analysis revealed that basal horizontal macular hole diameter and size of internal limiting membrane removal were independent factors of displacement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The macula was displaced centripetally, nasally, and slightly inferiorly after surgical closure of idiopathic macular hole. Hole closure, contraction of the nerve fiber layer, and gravity are the suggested mechanisms of macular displacement caused by internal limiting membrane peeling.
authors: *Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea; †Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea; ‡Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea; §Department of Ophthalmology, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea; ¶Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea; **Department of Ophthalmology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea; and ††Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Kosin University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, Korea.
authors: Kang Yeun
authors: KY
authors: Pak
authors: Keun Heung
authors: KH
authors: Park
authors: Kyong Ho
authors: KH
authors: Kim
authors: Sung Who
authors: SW
authors: Park
authors: Ik Soo
authors: IS
authors: Byon
authors: Hyun Woong
authors: HW
authors: Kim
authors: In Young
authors: IY
authors: Chung
authors: Joo Eun
authors: JE
authors: Lee
authors: Sang Joon
authors: SJ
authors: Lee
authors: Ji Eun
authors: JE
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014821:Vitrectomy