title: Complete supine PCNL: ultrasound vs. fluoroscopic guided: a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare complications and outcomes of complete supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy (csPCNL) with ultrasound guided and fluoroscopically guided procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this randomized clinical trial study from January 2009 to September 2010, 26 of 51 patients with renal stones underwent csPCNL with ultrasonographic guidance in all steps of the procedure (group A), and the other 25 patients underwent standard fluoroscopically guided csPCNL (group B). All of the patients underwent PCNL in the complete supine position. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS16 software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean BMI was 28.14 in group A and 26.31 in group B (p=0.30). The mean stone burden was 26.48 and 30.44 in groups A and B, respectively (p=0.20). The stone free rate was 88.5% in group A and 75.5% in group B, that was no significant (p=0.16). Overall 2 patients (7.7%) in group A and 6 patients (24%) in group B had complications (p=0.11). Mean operative time in group A was 88.46 minutes, and in group B it was 79.58 minutes (p=0.39). Mean hospital stay was 69.70 and 61.79 hours in group A and B, respectively (p=0.22). There was no visceral injury in groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This randomized study showed that totally ultrasonic had the same outcomes of fluoroscopically csPCNL. Ultrasonography can be an alternative rather than fluoroscopy in PCNL. We believe that more randomized studies are needed to allow endourologists to use sonography rather than fluoroscopy in order to avoid exposition to radiation.
authors: Urology Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran.
authors: Siavash
authors: S
authors: Falahatkar
authors: Urology Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran.
authors: Aliakbar
authors: A
authors: Allahkhah
authors: Urology Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran.
authors: Majid
authors: M
authors: Kazemzadeh
authors: Urology Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran.
authors: Ahmad
authors: A
authors: Enshaei
authors: Urology Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran.
authors: Maryam
authors: M
authors: Shakiba
authors: Urology Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran.
authors: Fahimeh
authors: F
authors: Moghaddas
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000379:methods*; D056888:Patient Positioning / Q000379:methods*; D016683:Supine Position; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; Supine Position; Ultrasonography