title: Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, and neurotrophin-3 levels in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: It has been suggested that neurotrophins are involved in the etiopathogenesis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to investigate whether there are differences in serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and neurotrophin-3 (NTF3) levels between children with ADHD and healthy controls. A total of 110 treatment-naive children with the combined presentation of ADHD and 44 healthy controls aged 8-18 years were enrolled in this study. The severity of ADHD symptoms was determined by scores on the Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised Short and Conners' Teacher Rating Scale-Revised Short. The severity of depression and anxiety symptoms of the children were evaluated by the self-report inventories. Serum levels of neurotrophins were measured using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) revealed a significant main effect of groups in the levels of serum neurotrophins, an effect that was independent of age, sex, and the severity of the depression and anxiety. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) indicated that the mean serum GDNF and NTF3 levels of ADHD patients were significantly higher than that of controls. However, serum BDNF and NGF levels did not show any significant differences between groups. No correlations between the levels of serum neurotrophins and the severity of ADHD were observed. These results suggest that elevated serum GDNF and NTF3 levels may be related to ADHD in children.
authors: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090, Meram/Konya, Turkey. bilgicayhan@yahoo.com.
authors: Ayhan
authors: A
authors: Bilgiç
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
authors: Aysun
authors: A
authors: Toker
authors: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090, Meram/Konya, Turkey.
authors: Ümit
authors: Ü
authors: Işık
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
authors: İbrahim
authors: İ
authors: Kılınç
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D020933:Neurotrophin 3 / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D057566:Self Report
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; C495039:GDNF protein, human; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; C502240:NGF protein, human; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D020933:Neurotrophin 3; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor
keywords: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; Glial-derived neurotrophic factor; Nerve growth factor; Neurotrophin-3