title: Impulsive-compulsive behaviors in parkin-associated Parkinson disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this multicenter, case-control study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of impulsive-compulsive behaviors (ICBs) in a cohort of patients with parkin-associated Parkinson disease (PD) compared to a group of patients without the mutation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared 22 patients with biallelic parkin mutations (parkin-PD) and 26 patients negative for parkin, PINK1, DJ-1, and GBA mutations (PD-NM), matched for age at onset, disease duration, levodopa, and dopamine agonist equivalent daily dose. A semistructured interview was used to diagnose each of the following ICBs: compulsive sexual behavior, compulsive buying, binge eating, punding, hobbyism, and compulsive medication use. The Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease-Rating Scale (QUIP-RS) was adopted to rate ICB severity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Frequency of patients with at least one ICB was comparable between parkin-PD and PD-NM. Nevertheless, when analyzing the distribution of specific ICBs, a higher frequency of compulsive shopping, binge eating, and punding/hobbyism was found in the parkin-PD group. Compared to PD-NM, parkin-PD patients with ICB had younger onset age and higher frequency of smokers; in 5 patients, ICB had predated PD onset. Total and partial (compulsive buying, compulsive sexual behavior, binge eating, hobbyism/punding) QUIP-RS scores were higher in patients with parkin-PD compared to patients with PD-NM. Logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of parkin mutations was associated with smoking status and higher QUIP-RS total score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data expand the parkin-associated phenotypic spectrum demonstrating higher frequency and severity of specific ICBs, and suggesting an association between the parkin genotype, smoking status, and ICB severity.
authors: From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (F.M., C.S.), University of Messina, Italy; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (S.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (L.R.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics (F.B., A.R.B.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (C.C., M.M., A.D.R., G.D.M.), Federico II University, Naples; Department of Medicine and Surgery (M.G., M.M., P.B., M.T.P., E.M.V.), Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy. fmorgante@gmail.com.
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Morgante
authors: From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (F.M., C.S.), University of Messina, Italy; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (S.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (L.R.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics (F.B., A.R.B.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (C.C., M.M., A.D.R., G.D.M.), Federico II University, Naples; Department of Medicine and Surgery (M.G., M.M., P.B., M.T.P., E.M.V.), Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
authors: Alfonso
authors: A
authors: Fasano
authors: From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (F.M., C.S.), University of Messina, Italy; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (S.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (L.R.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics (F.B., A.R.B.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (C.C., M.M., A.D.R., G.D.M.), Federico II University, Naples; Department of Medicine and Surgery (M.G., M.M., P.B., M.T.P., E.M.V.), Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
authors: Monia
authors: M
authors: Ginevrino
authors: From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (F.M., C.S.), University of Messina, Italy; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (S.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (L.R.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics (F.B., A.R.B.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (C.C., M.M., A.D.R., G.D.M.), Federico II University, Naples; Department of Medicine and Surgery (M.G., M.M., P.B., M.T.P., E.M.V.), Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
authors: Simona
authors: S
authors: Petrucci
authors: From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (F.M., C.S.), University of Messina, Italy; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (S.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (L.R.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics (F.B., A.R.B.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (C.C., M.M., A.D.R., G.D.M.), Federico II University, Naples; Department of Medicine and Surgery (M.G., M.M., P.B., M.T.P., E.M.V.), Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
authors: Lucia
authors: L
authors: Ricciardi
authors: From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (F.M., C.S.), University of Messina, Italy; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (S.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (L.R.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics (F.B., A.R.B.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (C.C., M.M., A.D.R., G.D.M.), Federico II University, Naples; Department of Medicine and Surgery (M.G., M.M., P.B., M.T.P., E.M.V.), Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Bove
authors: From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (F.M., C.S.), University of Messina, Italy; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (S.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (L.R.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics (F.B., A.R.B.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (C.C., M.M., A.D.R., G.D.M.), Federico II University, Naples; Department of Medicine and Surgery (M.G., M.M., P.B., M.T.P., E.M.V.), Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
authors: Chiara
authors: C
authors: Criscuolo
authors: From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (F.M., C.S.), University of Messina, Italy; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (S.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (L.R.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics (F.B., A.R.B.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (C.C., M.M., A.D.R., G.D.M.), Federico II University, Naples; Department of Medicine and Surgery (M.G., M.M., P.B., M.T.P., E.M.V.), Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
authors: Marcello
authors: M
authors: Moccia
authors: From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (F.M., C.S.), University of Messina, Italy; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (S.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (L.R.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics (F.B., A.R.B.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (C.C., M.M., A.D.R., G.D.M.), Federico II University, Naples; Department of Medicine and Surgery (M.G., M.M., P.B., M.T.P., E.M.V.), Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: De Rosa
authors: From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (F.M., C.S.), University of Messina, Italy; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (S.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (L.R.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics (F.B., A.R.B.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (C.C., M.M., A.D.R., G.D.M.), Federico II University, Naples; Department of Medicine and Surgery (M.G., M.M., P.B., M.T.P., E.M.V.), Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
authors: Chiara
authors: C
authors: Sorbera
authors: From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (F.M., C.S.), University of Messina, Italy; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (S.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (L.R.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics (F.B., A.R.B.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (C.C., M.M., A.D.R., G.D.M.), Federico II University, Naples; Department of Medicine and Surgery (M.G., M.M., P.B., M.T.P., E.M.V.), Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
authors: Anna Rita
authors: AR
authors: Bentivoglio
authors: From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (F.M., C.S.), University of Messina, Italy; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (S.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (L.R.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics (F.B., A.R.B.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (C.C., M.M., A.D.R., G.D.M.), Federico II University, Naples; Department of Medicine and Surgery (M.G., M.M., P.B., M.T.P., E.M.V.), Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Barone
authors: From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (F.M., C.S.), University of Messina, Italy; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (S.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (L.R.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics (F.B., A.R.B.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (C.C., M.M., A.D.R., G.D.M.), Federico II University, Naples; Department of Medicine and Surgery (M.G., M.M., P.B., M.T.P., E.M.V.), Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: De Michele
authors: From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (F.M., C.S.), University of Messina, Italy; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (S.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (L.R.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics (F.B., A.R.B.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (C.C., M.M., A.D.R., G.D.M.), Federico II University, Naples; Department of Medicine and Surgery (M.G., M.M., P.B., M.T.P., E.M.V.), Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
authors: Maria Teresa
authors: MT
authors: Pellecchia
authors: From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (F.M., C.S.), University of Messina, Italy; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (S.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (L.R.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics (F.B., A.R.B.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (C.C., M.M., A.D.R., G.D.M.), Federico II University, Naples; Department of Medicine and Surgery (M.G., M.M., P.B., M.T.P., E.M.V.), Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
authors: Enza Maria
authors: EM
authors: Valente
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D007174:Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D015995:Prevalence; D000071617:Protein Deglycase DJ-1 / Q000235:genetics; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics*; D000099202:PTEN-Induced Putative Kinase
chemical_list: D000071617:Protein Deglycase DJ-1; D011494:Protein Kinases; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D000099202:PTEN-Induced Putative Kinase; C111567:parkin protein; C105131:PARK7 protein, human