title: Patient Reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions: An International Survey of National Competent Authorities' Views and Needs.
abstract: Patient reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to spontaneous reporting systems can make a valuable contribution to pharmacovigilance. However, the implementation and promotion of patient reporting systems (PRSs) differ worldwide.
  
  
  
  The objective of the study was to describe attitudes toward PRSs, and progress toward implementing such systems among national competent authorities participating in the World Health Organization Programme for International Drug Monitoring.
  
  
  
  A web-based questionnaire was constructed based on qualitative interviews, and distributed through SurveyMonkey®to all countries listed on the World Health Organization Programme for International Drug Monitoring (n = 178) during November and December of 2015. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests.
  
  
  
  A total of 143 valid questionnaires were received from 141 countries (79.2 %). A spontaneous reporting system for both healthcare professionals and patients was present in 58 countries (41.1 %). An official PRS to report ADRs directly was implemented in 44 countries (31.2 %) and in a pilot stage in five countries (3.5 %). Patients were not allowed to report in 34 countries (24.1 %). The reasons for not having an official PRS were mainly a lack of resources/budget (56.5 %) or a lack of information/education for patients (56.5 %). When analyzing the attitudes among the respondents toward a PRS, most acknowledge that the general public contributes to the detection or strength of drug safety signals (82.2 % agree or strongly agree) and with information that is not present in healthcare professional reports (80.7 % agree or strongly agree). For respondents, giving feedback to patients could be an incentive for patients to report more (80.8 % agree or strongly agree). To be able to further PRSs, guidelines on promoting a PRS efficiently to the general public (87.4 % agree or strongly agree), training courses/conferences (86.7 % agree or strongly agree), or a public list of Lareb's scientific publications (86.7 % agree or strongly agree) were the support measures most well accepted by the respondents.
  
  
  
  Most countries accept ADR reports from patients by an official reporting system designed for patients or through the existing system for healthcare professionals. The main reasons for not having a PRS is financial restraints and a lack of information/education of patients. Attitudes toward a PRS are positive, but some countries fear that they will not be able to handle an increase in reports.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, C/Profesor García-González 2, 41012, Seville, Spain. cristiano.r.matos@gmail.com.
authors: Cristiano
authors: 0000-0002-6279-1421
authors: C
authors: Matos
authors: Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Pharmacovigilance in Education and Patient Reporting, Goudsbloemvallei 7, 5237 MH, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
authors: Linda
authors: L
authors: Härmark
authors: Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Pharmacovigilance in Education and Patient Reporting, Goudsbloemvallei 7, 5237 MH, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
authors: Florence
authors: F
authors: van Hunsel
mesh_terms: D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014944:World Health Organization