title: Anti-inflammatory Effects of Phyllanthus emblica L on Benzopyrene-Induced Precancerous Lung Lesion by Regulating the IL-1β/miR-101/Lin28B Signaling Pathway.
abstract: Phyllanthus emblica L (PEL), a well-known medical plant, has been used in Asian countries for a long time. Increasing evidence suggests that it can prevent the tumorigenesis of cancer associated with nonresolving inflammation. However, the possible anti-inflammatory mechanism responsible for preventing tumorigenesis of precancerous lung lesions is not well elucidated.
  
  
  
  Male A/J mice were randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 mice in each group: (1) blank group (saline), (2) benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] group, (3) and (4) B(a)P + PEL (5 g/kg/d, 10 g/kg/d, administered by gavage), (5) B(a)P + celecoxib (30 mg/kg/d, administered by gavage). Nodes on the lung surface were observed and calculated. The levels of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-α), IL-1β, miR-101, and Lin28B protein levels were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.
  
  
  
  PEL extract treatment significantly reduced the number of nodes on the lung surface and attenuated B(a)P-induced levels of proinflammatory cytokines MIP-2, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in lung tissue. The protein expressions of COX-2 and HIF-α were significantly decreased by the treatment of PEL. In addition, both PEL extract and celecoxib markedly upregulate the expression of miR-101 while downregulating IL-1β and Lin28B levels.
  
  
  
  Our study indicated that treatment with PEL extract can not only protect the lung from inflammatory injury but effectively prevent precancerous lung lesions through regulating the IL-1β/miR-i101/Lin28B signaling pathway.
authors: 1 Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, P R China.|2 Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, P R China.
authors: Cheng-Cheng
authors: CC
authors: Wang
authors: 1 Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, P R China.|2 Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, P R China.
authors: Jia-Rui
authors: JR
authors: Yuan
authors: 2 Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, P R China.|3 Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
authors: Chun-Fei
authors: CF
authors: Wang
authors: 1 Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, P R China.|2 Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, P R China.
authors: Nan
authors: N
authors: Yang
authors: 1 Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, P R China.|2 Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, P R China.
authors: Juan
authors: J
authors: Chen
authors: 2 Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, P R China.
authors: Dan
authors: D
authors: Liu
authors: 2 Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, P R China.
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Song
authors: 2 Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, P R China.|4 Third School of Clinical Medical of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, P R China.
authors: Liang
authors: L
authors: Feng
authors: 2 Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, P R China.|4 Third School of Clinical Medical of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, P R China.
authors: Xiao-Bin
authors: XB
authors: Tan
authors: 2 Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, P R China.|4 Third School of Clinical Medical of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, P R China.
authors: Xiao-Bin
authors: XB
authors: Jia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001580:Benzopyrenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D029842:Phyllanthus emblica / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001580:Benzopyrenes; D016207:Cytokines; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; C570876:Lin28b protein, mouse; C581233:MIRN101 microRNA, mouse; D035683:MicroRNAs; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2
keywords: IL-1β/miR-101/Lin28B signaling pathway; Phyllanthus emblica L; anti-inflammatory; precancerous lung lesion