title: Write-Read 3D Patterning with a Dual-Channel Nanopipette.
abstract: Nanopipettes are becoming extremely versatile and powerful tools in nanoscience for a wide variety of applications from imaging to nanoscale sensing. Herein, the capabilities of nanopipettes to build complex free-standing three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures are demonstrated using a simple double-barrel nanopipette device. Electrochemical control of ionic fluxes enables highly localized delivery of precursor species from one channel and simultaneous (dynamic and responsive) ion conductance probe-to-substrate distance feedback with the other for reliable high-quality patterning. Nanopipettes with 30-50 nm tip opening dimensions of each channel allowed confinement of ionic fluxes for the fabrication of high aspect ratio copper pillar, zigzag, and Γ-like structures, as well as permitted the subsequent topographical mapping of the patterned features with the same nanopipette probe as used for nanostructure engineering. This approach offers versatility and robustness for high-resolution 3D "printing" (writing) and read-out at the nanoscale.
authors: Department of Chemistry and ‡MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick , Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
authors: Dmitry
authors: D
authors: Momotenko
authors: Department of Chemistry and ‡MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick , Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
authors: Ashley
authors: A
authors: Page
authors: Department of Chemistry and ‡MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick , Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Adobes-Vidal
authors: Department of Chemistry and ‡MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick , Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
authors: Patrick R
authors: PR
authors: Unwin
keywords: electrochemical imaging; electrodeposition; nanopipette; scanning ion conductance microscopy