title: Validity of three screening questions (3Q/TMD) in relation to the DC/TMD.
abstract: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are common but seem to be largely undetected within general dental care. To improve dentists' awareness of these symptoms, three screening questions (3Q/TMD) have been introduced. Our aim was to validate 3Q/TMD in relation to the diagnostic criteria for TMD (DC/TMD), while taking into account the severity level of the symptoms. The study population consisted of 7831 individuals 20-69 years old, who had their routine dental check-up at the Public Dental Health Service in Västerbotten, Sweden. All patients answered a health declaration, including the 3Q/TMD regarding frequent temporomandibular pain, pain on movement and catching/locking of the jaw. All 3Q-positives (at least one affirmative) were invited for examination in randomised order. For each 3Q-positive, a matched 3Q-negative was invited. In total, 152 3Q-positives and 148 3Q-negatives participated. At examination, participants answered 3Q/TMD a second time, before they were examined and diagnosed according to DC/TMD. To determine symptom's severity, the Graded Chronic Pain Scale and Jaw Functional Limitation Scale-20 (JFLS-20) were used. In total, 74% of 3Q-positives and 16% of 3Q-negatives met the criteria for DC/TMD pain or dysfunction (disc displacements with reduction and degenerative joint disorder were excluded). Fifty-five per cent of 3Q-positives had a TMD diagnosis and CPI score ≥3 or a JFLS-20 score ≥5, compared to 4% of 3Q-negatives. The results show that the 3Q/TMD is an applicable, cost-effective and valid tool for screening a general adult population to recognise patients in need of further TMD examination and management.
authors: Department of Clinical Oral Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden. anna.lovgren@umu.se.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Lövgren
authors: Department of Oral Kinesiology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: C M
authors: CM
authors: Visscher
authors: Department of Clinical Oral Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden.|Department of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Häggman-Henrikson
authors: Department of Oral Kinesiology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Lobbezoo
authors: Department of Clinical Oral Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Marklund
authors: Department of Clinical Oral Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Wänman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002012:Bruxism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003729:Dental Care; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D019239:Practice Patterns, Dentists' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D011636:Public Health Dentistry / Q000191:economics; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: diagnostic test; epidemiology; health services research; oro-facial pain/TMD; practice guidelines as topic; routine; temporomandibular disorders