title: Enamel shear bond strength of two orthodontic self-etching bonding systems compared to Transbond™ XT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) and Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) scores of two self-etching no-mix adhesives (Prompt L-Pop™ and Scotchbond™) for orthodontic appliances to the commonly used total etch system Transbond XT™ (in combination with phosphoric acid).
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 60 human premolars were randomly divided into three groups of 20 specimens each. In group 1 (control), brackets were bonded with Transbond™ XT primer. Prompt L-Pop™ (group 2) and Scotchbond™ Universal (group 3) were used in the experimental groups. Lower premolar brackets were bonded by light curing the adhesive. After 24 h of storage, the shear bond strength (SBS) was measured using a Zwicki 1120 testing machine. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was determined under 10× magnification. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to statistically compare the SBS and the ARI scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences in the SBS between any of the experimental groups were detected (group 1: 15.49 ± 3.28 MPa; group 2: 13.89 ± 4.95 MPa; group 3: 14.35 ± 3.56 MPa; p = 0.489), nor were there any significant differences in the ARI scores (p = 0.368).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using the two self-etching no-mix adhesives (Prompt L-Pop™ and Scotchbond™) for orthodontic appliances does not affect either the SBS or ARI scores in comparison with the commonly used total-etch system Transbond™ XT. In addition, Scotchbond™ Universal supports bonding on all types of surfaces (enamel, metal, composite, and porcelain) with no need for additional primers. It might therefore be helpful for simplifying bonding in orthodontic procedures.
authors: Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Strasse 3, 35039, Marburg, Germany. hellak@med.uni-marburg.de.
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Hellak
authors: Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Strasse 3, 35039, Marburg, Germany.
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Rusdea
authors: Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Strasse 3, 35039, Marburg, Germany.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Schauseil
authors: Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Strasse 3, 35039, Marburg, Germany.
authors: Steffen
authors: S
authors: Stein
authors: Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Strasse 3, 35039, Marburg, Germany.
authors: Heike Maria
authors: HM
authors: Korbmacher-Steiner
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000268:Adhesiveness / Q000528:radiation effects; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000737:chemistry*; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D055115:Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D033081:Shear Strength; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000528:radiation effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019279:Resin Cements; C065742:Transbond; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate
keywords: One-step adhesive; Orthodontic bonding; Orthodontic procedures; Prompt L-Pop™; Scotchbond™ Universal