title: Short-Term Responses of Soil Respiration and C-Cycle Enzyme Activities to Additions of Biochar and Urea in a Calcareous Soil.
abstract: Biochar (BC) addition to soil is a proposed strategy to enhance soil fertility and crop productivity. However, there is limited knowledge regarding responses of soil respiration and C-cycle enzyme activities to BC and nitrogen (N) additions in a calcareous soil. A 56-day incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the combined effects of BC addition rates (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0% by mass) and urea (U) application on soil nutrients, soil respiration and C-cycle enzyme activities in a calcareous soil in the North China Plain. Our results showed soil pH values in both U-only and U plus BC treatments significantly decreased within the first 14 days and then stabilized, and CO2emission rate in all U plus BC soils decreased exponentially, while there was no significant difference in the contents of soil total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen (TN), and C/N ratio in each treatment over time. At each incubation time, soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), TOC, TN, C/N ratio, DOC and cumulative CO2 emission significantly increased with increasing BC addition rate, while soil potential activities of the four hydrolytic enzymes increased first and then decreased with increasing BC addition rate, with the largest values in the U + 1.0%BC treatment. However, phenol oxidase activity in all U plus BC soils showed a decreasing trend with the increase of BC addition rate. Our results suggest that U plus BC application at a rate of 1% promotes increases in hydrolytic enzymes, does not highly increase C/N and C mineralization, and can improve in soil fertility.
authors: Institute of Agricultural Resource and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Lab of Plant Nutrition and Nutrient Cycling, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.|Southwest University, Chong Qing 400715, China.
authors: Dali
authors: D
authors: Song
authors: Southwest University, Chong Qing 400715, China.
authors: Xiangyin
authors: X
authors: Xi
authors: Institute of Plant Nutrient and Environmental Resources, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
authors: Shaomin
authors: S
authors: Huang
authors: Institute of Agricultural Resource and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Lab of Plant Nutrition and Nutrient Cycling, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
authors: Guoqing
authors: G
authors: Liang
authors: Institute of Agricultural Resource and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Lab of Plant Nutrition and Nutrient Cycling, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
authors: Jingwen
authors: J
authors: Sun
authors: Institute of Agricultural Resource and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Lab of Plant Nutrition and Nutrient Cycling, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Zhou
authors: Institute of Agricultural Resource and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Lab of Plant Nutrition and Nutrient Cycling, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
authors: Xiubin
authors: X
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis*; D002606:Charcoal; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D014508:Urea
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; C540010:biochar; D002606:Charcoal; D002244:Carbon; D014508:Urea; D009584:Nitrogen