title: In Silico Analysis of Glutaminase from Different Species of Escherichia and Bacillus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glutaminase (EC 3.5.1.2) catalyzes the hydrolytic degradation of L-glutamine to L-glutamic acid and has been introduced for cancer therapy in recent years. The present study was an in silico analysis of glutaminase to further elucidate its structure and physicochemical properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty glutaminase protein sequences from different species of Escherichia and Bacillus obtained from the UniProt Protein Database were characterized for homology search, physiochemical properties, phylogenetic tree construction, motif, superfamily search, and multiple sequence alignment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sequence level homology was obtained among different groups of glutaminase enzymes, which belonged to superfamily serine-dependent β-lactamases and penicillin-binding proteins. The phylogenetic tree constructed indicated 2 main clusters for the glutaminases. The distribution of common β-lactamase motifs was also observed; however, various non-common motifs were also observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results showed that the existence of a conserved motif with a signature amino-acid sequence of β-lactamases could be considered for the genetic engineering of glutaminases in view of their potential application in cancer therapy. Nonetheless, further research is needed to improve the stability of glutaminases and decrease their immunogenicity in both medical and food industrial applications.
authors: Department of Public Health and Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Cambyz
authors: C
authors: Irajie
authors: Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Milad
authors: M
authors: Mohkam
authors: Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Navid
authors: N
authors: Nezafat
authors: Department of Public Health and Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Saeed
authors: S
authors: Hosseinzadeh
authors: Department of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Mahmood
authors: M
authors: Aminlari
authors: Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Younes
authors: Y
authors: Ghasemi
keywords: Bacillus; Computer simulation; Escherichia; Glutaminase