title: Altered Glutamate and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Levels in Schizophrenia: A1H-MRS and pCASL study.
abstract: The neurobiology of schizophrenia (SZ) may be altered in older versus younger adults with SZ, as less frequent episodes of symptom exacerbation and increased sensitivity to medications are observed in older age. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of age and diagnosis on glutamate and cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in adults with SZ and healthy controls. Young and older adults with SZ and healthy controls were recruited to participate in this study. Participants completed a neuropsychological battery and neuroimaging that included optimized magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure anterior cingulate (AC) glutamate (Glu) and glutamine (Gln) and arterial spin labeling evaluation for rCBF. Regression analyses revealed significant effects of age with Glu, Gln, Gln/Glu, and AC white matter (WM) rCBF. Glu and WM rCBF decreased linearly with age while Gln and Gln/Glu increased linearly with age. Glu was lower in adults with SZ compared with healthy controls and in older adults versus younger adults but there was no interaction. Glu and WM rCBF were correlated with the UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) and processing speed, and the correlations were stronger in the SZ group. In the largest sample to date, lower Glu and elevated Gln/Glu levels were observed in adults with SZ and in older subjects. Contrary to expectation, these results do not show evidence of accelerated Glu aging in the anterior cingulate region in SZ compared with healthy controls.
authors: Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: S Andrea
authors: SA
authors: Wijtenburg
authors: Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Susan N
authors: SN
authors: Wright
authors: Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Stephanie A
authors: SA
authors: Korenic
authors: Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Frank E
authors: FE
authors: Gaston
authors: Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Nkemdilim
authors: N
authors: Ndubuizu
authors: Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Joshua
authors: J
authors: Chiappelli
authors: Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Robert P
authors: RP
authors: McMahon
authors: Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Hongji
authors: H
authors: Chen
authors: Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Anya
authors: A
authors: Savransky
authors: Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Xiaoming
authors: X
authors: Du
authors: Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors: Danny J J
authors: DJ
authors: Wang
authors: Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.|Department of Physics, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Kochunov
authors: Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: L Elliot
authors: LE
authors: Hong
authors: Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.|Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.|Department of Psychology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Laura M
authors: LM
authors: Rowland
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging; D005260:Female; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D066127:White Matter / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005973:Glutamine; D018698:Glutamic Acid