title: A method for dye extraction using an aqueous two-phase system: Effect of co-occurrence of contaminants in textile industry wastewater.
abstract: This paper reports a green and efficient procedure for extraction of the dyes Malachite Green (MG), Methylene Blue (MB), and Reactive Red 195 (RR) using an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS). An ATPS consists mainly of water, together with polymer and salt, and does not employ any organic solvent. The extraction efficiency was evaluated by means of the partition coefficients (K) and residual percentages (%R) of the dyes, under different experimental conditions, varying the tie-line length (TLL) of the system, the pH, the type of ATPS-forming electrolyte, and the type of ATPS-forming polymer. For MG, the best removal (K = 4.10 × 10(4), %R = 0.0069%) was obtained with the ATPS: PEO 1500 + Na2C4H4O6 (TLL = 50.21% (w/w), pH = 6.00). For MB, the maximum extraction (K = 559.9, %R = 0.258%) was achieved with the ATPS: PEO 400 + Na2SO4 (TLL = 50.31% (w/w), pH = 1.00). Finally for RR, the method that presented the best results (K = 3.75 × 10(4), %R = 0.237%) was the ATPS: PEO 400 + Na2SO4 (TLL = 50.31% (w/w), pH = 6.00). The method was applied to the recovery of these dyes from a textile effluent sample, resulting in values of K of 1.17 × 10(4), 724.1, and 3.98 × 10(4) for MG, MB, and RR, respectively, while the corresponding %R values were 0.0038, 0.154, and 0.023%, respectively. In addition, the ATPS methodology provided a high degree of color removal (96.5-97.95%) from the textile effluent.
authors: Green Analytical Solutions Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors: Gabriella Alexandre
authors: GA
authors: Borges
authors: Green Analytical Solutions Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors: Luciana Pereira
authors: LP
authors: Silva
authors: Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Morro do Cruzeiro, 35400-00, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
authors: Jussara Alves
authors: JA
authors: Penido
authors: Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, nº 5000 Campus JK, 39100-000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
authors: Leandro Rodrigues
authors: LR
authors: de Lemos
authors: Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Morro do Cruzeiro, 35400-00, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
authors: Aparecida Barbosa
authors: AB
authors: Mageste
authors: Green Analytical Solutions Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: guilhermedr@ufmg.br.
authors: Guilherme Dias
authors: GD
authors: Rodrigues
mesh_terms: D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D003116:Color; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009282:Naphthalenesulfonates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013783:Textile Industry; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D008751:Methylene Blue; D009282:Naphthalenesulfonates; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012997:Solvents; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C545303:reactive red 195; C005095:malachite green
keywords: Aqueous two-phase system; Dyes; Extraction; Textile waste