title: How do Indonesian youth perceive cigarette advertising? A cross-sectional study among Indonesian high school students.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have reported an association between cigarette advertising and smoking behavior. Although this has been reported extensively in the West, it has been reported less in Southeast Asian countries that have not completely banned tobacco advertising promotion and sponsorship (TAPS). Indonesia is the only ASEAN country that has not ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, so TAPS regulation is limited. This study aimed to assess the association between youths' perceptions of cigarette ads and smoking initiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 2,115 high school students aged 13-18 years in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to gauge the perception of cigarette ads and initiation to smoking. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) between the perception of cigarette ads and smoking initiation, adjusting for sociodemographic and psychosocial variables. The sociodemographic variables included in the final model were age and sex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final multivariate model showed an association between perception of tobacco ads encouraging youths to smoke and smoking initiation (OR 2.70) and current smoking (OR 7.63). Attitude toward TAPS was associated with smoking initiation (OR 1.51) and current smoking (OR 3.32). Exposure to cigarette ads had an association with smoking initiation only (OR 1.27) and did not have an association with current smoking. Having friends and family who smoked was associated with smoking initiation and current smoking in the final multivariate model. Smoking initiation and current smoking were also related to the susceptibility to smoke.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study revealed that cigarette ads were perceived as encouraging youths to smoke and that smoking status was consistently associated with perception of cigarette ads targeted at youths, attitude toward TAPS, and susceptibility as well as smoking friends and family. Regulations to ban TAPS, particularly cigarette ads for preventing youths from smoking, should be adopted rapidly in Indonesia, where tobacco control remains limited.
authors: Department of Health Behavior, Environment Health & Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas GadjahMada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.|Quit Tobacco Indonesia, Center for Health Behavior and Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; yayisuryo@ugm.ac.id.
authors: Yayi Suryo
authors: YS
authors: Prabandari
authors: Quit Tobacco Indonesia, Center for Health Behavior and Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
authors: Arika
authors: A
authors: Dewi
keywords: Indonesia; cigarette ads; perception; smoking status