title: High trans but not saturated fat beverage causes an acute reduction in postprandial vascular endothelial function but not arterial stiffness in humans.
abstract: A diet high in trans-fatty acids (TFAs) is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than a diet high in saturated fatty acids (SFAs), but the mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that a beverage high in TFAs would cause a larger reduction in postprandial endothelial function and an increase in arterial stiffness, in part from greater reductions in insulin sensitivity, compared with a beverage high in SFAs. Eleven healthy adults (aged 47±5 years) ingested a warm test beverage (520 kcal, 56 g total fat, 5 g carbohydrate, 1 g protein) high in either TFAs or SFAs in a randomized cross-over study. Ingestion of the beverage high in TFAs (p<0.01) but not high in SFAs (p=0.49) decreased endothelial function (brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, mmΔ) at 3-4 hours (p<0.01 for time; p=0.034 for interaction), but did not alter aortic stiffness or carotid β-stiffness. The homeostasis model of insulin resistance (interaction p=0.062) tended to decrease after SFAs but not TFAs. A beverage high in TFAs but not SFAs results in a postprandial reduction in endothelial function and a trend for decreased insulin sensitivity, potentially explaining the higher risk of CVD with a diet high in TFAs.
authors: Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors: Abbi D
authors: AD
authors: Lane-Cordova
authors: Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors: Jordan R
authors: JR
authors: Witmer
authors: Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors: Kaitlyn
authors: K
authors: Dubishar
authors: Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors: Lyndsey E
authors: LE
authors: DuBose
authors: Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors: Catherine A
authors: CA
authors: Chenard
authors: Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors: Kyle J
authors: KJ
authors: Siefers
authors: Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors: Janie E
authors: JE
authors: Myers
authors: Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors: Lauren J
authors: LJ
authors: Points
authors: Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA gary-pierce@uiowa.edu.|Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.|Center for Hypertension Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.|Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors: Gary L
authors: GL
authors: Pierce
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000074263:Coconut Oil; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007484:Iowa; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012307:Risk Factors; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000187:drug effects*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D010938:Plant Oils; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids; D013024:Soybean Oil; D000074263:Coconut Oil
keywords: cardiovascular disease; flow-mediated dilation; high-fat diet; pulse wave velocity; trans-fatty acid