title: Cancer Screening Recommendations for Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines.
abstract: Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are at increased risk of developing and dying from cancer. However, controversies exist around cancer screening in this population owing to reduced life expectancy and competing causes of death. This systematic review assesses the availability, quality and consistency of cancer screening recommendations in clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). We systematically searched bibliographic databases and gray literature to identify CPGs and assessed their quality using AGREE II. Recommendations were extracted along with their supporting evidence. Thirteen guidelines were included in the review. CPGs for kidney recipients were the most frequent source of screening recommendations, and recommendations for skin cancer screening were most frequently presented. Some screening recommendations differed from those for the general population, based on literature demonstrating higher cancer incidence among SOTRs versus direct evidence of screening effectiveness. Relevant stakeholders such as oncology specialists, primary care providers and public health experts were not involved in the formulation of the screening recommendations. In conclusion, although several guidelines make recommendations for cancer screening in SOTRs, the availability of cancer screening recommendations varied considerably by transplanted organ. More studies are required to inform cancer screening recommendations in SOTRs, and guideline development should involve transplant patients, oncologists and cancer screening specialists.
authors: Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.|Department of Surgery, Li Ki Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
authors: S A
authors: 0000-0002-6266-2136
authors: SA
authors: Acuna
authors: Department of Surgery, Li Ki Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
authors: J W
authors: JW
authors: Huang
authors: Department of Surgery, Li Ki Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
authors: A L
authors: AL
authors: Scott
authors: Department of Surgery, Li Ki Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Micic
authors: Department of Surgery, Li Ki Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Daly
authors: Division of Hematology/Oncology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.|Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Brezden-Masley
authors: Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.|Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.|Division of Nephrology and the Kidney Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Kim
authors: Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.|Department of Surgery, Li Ki Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.|Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors: N N
authors: NN
authors: Baxter
mesh_terms: D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D011379:Prognosis; D066027:Transplant Recipients
keywords: cancer/malignancy/neoplasia; clinical research/practice; complication: malignant; diagnostic techniques and imaging; ethics and public policy; guidelines; organ transplantation in general