title: Associations between Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and Lipids, Lipoprotein Cholesterols, and Homocysteine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels are inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, mediated in part by independent positive relationships with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and inverse relationships with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), triglyceride, and homocysteine.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we assessed relationships between fasting serum vitamin D and lipids, lipoprotein cholesterols, and homocysteine.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 1534 patients sequentially referred to our center from 2007 to 2016. Fasting serum total 25(OH) vitamin D, plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, HDLC, LDLC, and homocysteine were measured. Stepwise regression models were used with total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDLC, LDLC, and homocysteine as dependent variables and explanatory variables age, race, gender, body mass index (BMI), and serum vitamin D levels. Relationships between quintiles of serum vitamin D and triglycerides, HDLC, LDLC, and homocysteine were assessed after covariance adjusting for age, race, gender, and BMI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fasting serum vitamin D was positively correlated with age, HDLC, and White race, and was inversely correlated with BMI, total and LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and fasting serum homocysteine (P ≤ 0.0001 for all). Serum vitamin D was a significant independent inverse explanatory variable for total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL cholesterol, and accounted for the largest amount of variance in serum total cholesterol (partial R (2) =3.6%), triglyceride (partial R (2) =3.1%), and LDLC (partial R (2) =2.9%) (P < 0.0001 for all). Serum vitamin D was a significant positive explanatory variable for HDLC (partial R (2) = 1.4%, P < 0.0001), and a significant inverse explanatory variable for homocysteine (partial R (2) = 6.0-12.6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In hyperlipidemic patients, serum vitamin D was a significant independent inverse determinant of total cholesterol, LDLC, triglyceride, and homocysteine, and a significant independent positive determinant of HDLC. Thus, serum vitamin D might be protective against CVD.
authors: The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors: Charles J
authors: CJ
authors: Glueck
authors: The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors: Vybhav
authors: V
authors: Jetty
authors: The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors: Matan
authors: M
authors: Rothschild
authors: The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors: Gregory
authors: G
authors: Duhon
authors: The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors: Parth
authors: P
authors: Shah
authors: The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors: Marloe
authors: M
authors: Prince
authors: The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors: Kevin
authors: K
authors: Lee
authors: The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Goldenberg
authors: The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors: Ashwin
authors: A
authors: Kumar
authors: The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors: Naila
authors: N
authors: Goldenberg
authors: The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors: Ping
authors: P
authors: Wang
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Vitamin D; cholesterol; estimated glomerular filtration rate; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; homocysteine; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; myocardial infarction; triglycerides