title: 1RM prediction: a novel methodology based on the force-velocity and load-velocity relationships.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of a novel approach for predicting the one-repetition maximum (1RM). The prediction is based on the force-velocity and load-velocity relationships determined from measured force and velocity data collected during resistance-training exercises with incremental submaximal loads. 1RM was determined as the load corresponding to the intersection of these two curves, where the gravitational force exceeds the force that the subject can exert.
  
  
  METHODS
  The proposed force-velocity-based method (FVM) was tested on 37 participants (23.9 ± 3.1 year; BMI 23.44 ± 2.45) with no specific resistance-training experience, and the predicted 1RM was compared to that achieved using a direct method (DM) in chest-press (CP) and leg-press (LP) exercises.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean 1RM in CP was 99.5 kg (±27.0) for DM and 100.8 kg (±27.2) for FVM (SEE = 1.2 kg), whereas the mean 1RM in LP was 249.3 kg (±60.2) for DM and 251.1 kg (±60.3) for FVM (SEE = 2.1 kg). A high correlation was found between the two methods for both CP and LP exercises (0.999, p < 0.001). Good agreement between the two methods emerged from the Bland and Altman plot analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest the use of the proposed methodology as a valid alternative to other indirect approaches for 1RM prediction. The mathematical construct is simply based on the definition of the 1RM, and it is fed with subject's muscle strength capacities measured during a specific exercise. Its reliability is, thus, expected to be not affected by those factors that typically jeopardize regression-based approaches.
authors: Faculty of Psychology, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, 'eCampus' University, Via Isimbardi 10, 22060, Novedrate CO, Italy. pietro.picerno@uniecampus.it.
authors: Pietro
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3478-7692
authors: P
authors: Picerno
authors: Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy.
authors: Danilo
authors: D
authors: Iannetta
authors: Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy.
authors: Stefania
authors: S
authors: Comotto
authors: , Rome, Italy.
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Donati
authors: Institute for Research on Population and Social Policies, National Research Council, Rome, Italy.
authors: Fabrizio
authors: F
authors: Pecoraro
authors: United States Olympic Committee, Colorado, USA.
authors: Mounir
authors: M
authors: Zok
authors: Faculty of Psychology, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, 'eCampus' University, Via Isimbardi 10, 22060, Novedrate CO, Italy.
authors: Giorgio
authors: G
authors: Tollis
authors: , Rome, Italy.
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Figura
authors: Italian Weightlifting Federation, Rome, Italy.
authors: Carlo
authors: C
authors: Varalda
authors: Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy.
authors: Davide
authors: D
authors: Di Muzio
authors: Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy.
authors: Federica
authors: F
authors: Patrizio
authors: Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy.
authors: Maria Francesca
authors: MF
authors: Piacentini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014891:Weight Lifting / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Force–velocity relationship; Muscle strength assessment; One-repetition maximum; Resistance training