title: Race-specific trends in HPV vaccinations and provider recommendations: persistent disparities or social progress?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although racial and ethnic differences in HPV vaccination initiation are well established, it is unclear whether these disparities have changed over time. The role of health provider recommendations in reducing any racial and ethnic inequalities is also uncertain. This study addresses these gaps in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Repeated cross-sectional design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using data from the National Immunization Survey-Teen (2008-2013), we estimated a series of binary logistic regressions to model race-specific trends in (1) provider recommendations to vaccinate against HPV and (2) HPV vaccine initiation for males (n = 56,632) and females (n = 77,389).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Provider recommendations to vaccinate and HPV vaccination uptake have increased over time for adolescent males and females and across all racial and ethnic groups. Among girls, minority youths have seen a sharper increase in provider recommendations and HPV vaccination uptake than their White counterparts. Among boys, minority teens maintain higher overall rates of HPV vaccine uptake, however, Hispanics have lagged behind non-Hispanic Whites in the rate of increase in provider recommendations and HPV vaccinations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that racial and ethnic disparities in provider recommendations and HPV vaccinations have waned over time among males and females. While these trends are welcomed, additional interventions are warranted to increase overall rates of vaccination across race, ethnicity, and gender.
authors: Department of Sociology and Pepper Institute for Aging and Public Policy, Florida State University, USA. Electronic address: aburdette@fsu.edu.
authors: Amy M
authors: AM
authors: Burdette
authors: Department of Sociology and Pepper Institute for Aging and Public Policy, Florida State University, USA.
authors: Noah S
authors: NS
authors: Webb
authors: School of Sociology, University of Arizona, USA.
authors: Terrence D
authors: TD
authors: Hill
authors: University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, USA.
authors: Hanna
authors: H
authors: Jokinen-Gordon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000208:ethnology*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008913:Minority Groups; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000208:ethnology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines
keywords: Health disparities; Race and ethnicity; Vaccination HPV