title: Acetohydroxyacid synthases: evolution, structure, and function.
abstract: Acetohydroxyacid synthase, a thiamine diphosphate-dependent enzyme, can condense either two pyruvate molecules to form acetolactate for synthesizing L-valine and L-leucine or pyruvate with 2-ketobutyrate to form acetohydroxybutyrate for synthesizing L-isoleucine. Because the key reaction catalyzed by acetohydroxyacid synthase in the biosynthetic pathways of branched-chain amino acids exists in plants, fungi, archaea, and bacteria, but not in animals, acetohydroxyacid synthase becomes a potential target for developing novel herbicides and antimicrobial compounds. In this article, the evolution, structure, and catalytic mechanism of acetohydroxyacid synthase are summarized.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China.|School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
authors: Yadi
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China.
authors: Yanyan
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China. xwang@jiangnan.edu.cn.|School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. xwang@jiangnan.edu.cn.|Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. xwang@jiangnan.edu.cn.
authors: Xiaoyuan
authors: X
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000095:Acetolactate Synthase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002087:Butyrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D003067:Coenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D013835:Thiamine Pyrophosphate / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002087:Butyrates; D003067:Coenzymes; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates; D007773:Lactates; C027745:alpha-aceto-alpha-hydroxybutyrate; C006359:alpha-acetolactate; C005087:alpha-ketobutyric acid; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D000095:Acetolactate Synthase; D013835:Thiamine Pyrophosphate
keywords: AHAS; Acetohydroxyacid synthase; CALS; Catabolic acetolactate synthase; FAD; Pyruvate oxidase-like subfamily