title: Protective effect of active perfusion in porcine models of acute myocardial ischemia.
abstract: Mortality rates associated with off‑pump coronary artery bypass (CAB) are relatively high, as the majority of patients requiring CAB are at a high risk for cardiac events. The present study aimed to establish porcine models of acute myocardial ischemia, and evaluate the protective role of shunt and active perfusion. A total of 30 pigs were randomly assigned to five groups, as follows: i) Sham (control); ii) A1 (shunt; stenosis rate, 55%); iii) A2 (shunt; stenosis rate, 75%); iv) B1 (active perfusion; stenosis rate, 55%); and v) B2 (active perfusion; stenosis rate, 75%) groups. Aortic pressure (P0), left anterior descending coronary pressure (P1), and coronary effective perfusion pressure (P1/P0) were measured. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α), cardiac troponin (cTnI), creatine kinase‑myocardial band (CK‑MB), interleukin (IL)‑6, IL‑10, B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2), and caspase‑3 were detected using enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay or western blotting. The myocardial apoptosis rate was determined using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. Ischemia models with stenosis rates of 55 and 75% were successfully constructed following suturing of the descending artery. Compared with the control, the 55 and 75% stenosis groups demonstrated significantly decreased P1/P0, increased expression levels of TNF‑α, cTnI, CK‑MB, IL‑6, IL‑10 and caspase‑3, an increased rate of myocardial apoptosis, and a decreased expression level of anti‑apoptotic protein, Bcl‑2. At 30 min following successful establishment of the model (ST segment elevation to 1 mm), group B demonstrated significantly increased P1/P0, decreased expression levels of TNF‑α, cTnI, CK‑MB, IL‑6, IL‑10 and caspase‑3, a decreased rate of myocardial apoptosis, and an increased expression level of anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl‑2. Furthermore, the current study indicated that active perfusion was more efficacious in maintaining myocardial perfusion and alleviating ischemic injury when compared with traditional shunt perfusion.
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.
authors: Zanxiang
authors: Z
authors: Feng
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.
authors: Zhifu
authors: Z
authors: Mao
authors: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, P.R. China.
authors: Shengjun
authors: S
authors: Dong
authors: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, P.R. China.
authors: Baohui
authors: B
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000032:analysis; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D047549:Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump / Q000009:adverse effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D010477:Perfusion / Q000379:methods*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000032:analysis; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D053148:Caspase 3