title: Pharmacodynamic Comparison of Prasugrel Versus Ticagrelor in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Artery Disease: The OPTIMUS (Optimizing Antiplatelet Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus)-4 Study.
abstract: Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at increased risk of atherothrombotic events, underscoring the importance of effective platelet inhibiting therapies. Prasugrel and ticagrelor reduce thrombotic complications to a greater extent than clopidogrel. Subgroup analyses of pivotal clinical trials testing prasugrel and ticagrelor versus clopidogrel showed DM patients to have benefits that were consistent with the overall trial populations, although the magnitude of the ischemic risk reduction appeared to be enhanced with prasugrel. Whether these findings may be attributed to differences in the pharmacodynamic profiles of these drugs in DM patients remains poorly explored and represented the aim of this study.
  
  
  
  In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, crossover pharmacodynamic study, aspirin-treated DM patients (n=50) with coronary artery disease were randomly assigned to receive prasugrel (60 mg loading dose [LD]/10 mg maintenance dose once daily) or ticagrelor (180 mg LD/90 mg maintenance dose twice daily) for 1 week. Pharmacodynamic assessments were conducted using 4 different assays, including VerifyNow P2Y12, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, light transmittance aggregometry, and Multiplate, which allowed us to explore ADP- and non-ADP-induced (arachidonic acid-, collagen-, thrombin receptor-activating, peptide-induced) platelet signaling pathways. The acute (baseline, 30 minutes, and 2 hours post-LD) and maintenance (1 week) effects of therapy were assessed. The primary end point of the study was the comparison of P2Y12 reaction units determined by VerifyNow P2Y12 at 1 week between prasugrel and ticagrelor.
  
  
  
  ADP- and non-ADP-induced measures of platelet reactivity reduced significantly with both prasugrel and ticagrelor LD and maintenance dose. P2Y12 reaction units defined by VerifyNow were similar between prasugrel and ticagrelor at 30 minutes and 2 hours post-LD. At 1 week, P2Y12 reaction units were significantly lower with ticagrelor than with prasugrel (52 [32-72] versus 83 [63-103]; least-square means difference: -31; 95% confidence interval, -57 to -4; P=0.022; primary end point). Pharmacodynamic assessments measured by vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, light transmittance aggregometry, and Multiplate were similar between prasugrel and ticagrelor at each time point, including at 1 week. Rates of high on-treatment platelet reactivity were similar between groups with all assays at all time points.
  
  
  
  In DM patients with coronary artery disease, ticagrelor exerts similar or greater inhibition of ADP-induced platelet reactivity in comparison with prasugrel in the acute and chronic phases of treatment, whereas the inhibition of measures of non-ADP-induced platelet reactivity was not significantly different between the 2 agents.
  
  
  
  URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01852214.
authors: From the Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, FL.
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Franchi
authors: From the Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, FL.
authors: Fabiana
authors: F
authors: Rollini
authors: From the Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, FL.
authors: Niti
authors: N
authors: Aggarwal
authors: From the Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, FL.
authors: Jenny
authors: J
authors: Hu
authors: From the Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, FL.
authors: Megha
authors: M
authors: Kureti
authors: From the Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, FL.
authors: Ashwin
authors: A
authors: Durairaj
authors: From the Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, FL.
authors: Valeria E
authors: VE
authors: Duarte
authors: From the Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, FL.
authors: Jung Rae
authors: JR
authors: Cho
authors: From the Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, FL.
authors: Latonya
authors: L
authors: Been
authors: From the Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, FL.
authors: Martin M
authors: MM
authors: Zenni
authors: From the Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, FL.
authors: Theodore A
authors: TA
authors: Bass
authors: From the Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, FL. dominick.angiolillo@jax.ufl.edu.
authors: Dominick J
authors: DJ
authors: Angiolillo
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000068799:Prasugrel Hydrochloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077486:Ticagrelor
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D000068799:Prasugrel Hydrochloride; D000077486:Ticagrelor; D000241:Adenosine
keywords: diabetes mellitus; pharmacology; platelet activation; prasugrel hydrochloride; ticagrelor