title: Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of intravenous ibuprofen injection in healthy Chinese volunteers: a randomized, open-label, single- and multiple-dose study .
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recently a formulation of intravenous (IV) ibuprofen was developed in China for management of mild to moderate pain in patients who could not take oral medications or where intravenous administration was preferable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties and tolerability of single and multiple doses of ibuprofen injection in healthy Chinese volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  This open-label, single- and multiple-dose study was conducted in healthy Chinese volunteers. In the single-dose phase, subjects were randomized to receive a single dose of ibuprofen injection 0.2, 0.4, or 0.8 g administered as a 30-minute IV infusion with a 1-week washout between periods. Blood samples were collected at regular intervals from 0 to 12.5 hours after drug administration and were analyzed using a validated LC-MS/MS method. In the multiple-dose phase, subjects received 0.4 g ibuprofen every 6 hours for 9 doses. Blood samples were obtained before the 7th, 8th, and 9thadministration to determine the Cminat steady state; on the 9thintravenous administration, blood samples were also collected for 12.5 hours after drug administration. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using a noncompartmental model. Tolerability was determined using clinical evaluation and monitoring of adverse events (AEs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 12 healthy male (n = 6) and female (n = 6) Chinese volunteers were enrolled and completed the trial. After IV administration of single dose, the mean (SD) Cmaxvalue increased from 35.77 (6.98) to 117.12 (19.78) µg/mL, and the mean (SD) AUC0-tvalue increased from 67.63 (10.30) to 230.50 (33.55) µg×h/mL in the range of 0.2-g to 0.8-g dose. The terminal half-life in plasma was ~ 2.0 hours. After IV administration of 9 doses of ibuprofen 400 mg every 6 hours, the mean (SD) Cmaxwas 66.49 (8.49) µg/mL, the AUC0-twas 135.65 (26.91) µg×h/mL, the t1/2was 2.14 (0.34) hours, the Cl/F was 3.34 (0.68) L/h, and the Vz/F was 10.32 (2.69) L, which were comparable with those after single dosing. The accumulation index was 1.17 (0.06), and the fluctuation was 304.0 (57.7) %. Results of the t-tests of Cmaxand AUC found no significant differences between the male and female groups. No serious AEs were reported, and there were no discontinuations due to AEs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen exhibited dose-related kinetics from the 0.2- to the 0.8-g dose. After multiple doses, the pharmacokinetic parameters of ibuprofen were consistent with those after single doses. There was no accumulation in ibuprofen exposure in healthy Chinese between multiple doses and single dose. At the doses studied, ibuprofen appeared to be well tolerated in these healthy volunteers. .
authors: Huili
authors: H
authors: Zhou
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Xu
authors: Guolan
authors: G
authors: Wu
authors: Lihua
authors: L
authors: Wu
authors: Jianzhong
authors: J
authors: Shentu
authors: Zhengfei
authors: Z
authors: Pan
authors: Shuai
authors: S
authors: Hu
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D044466:Asian People; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D007052:Ibuprofen