title: New horizon for infection prevention technology and implantable device.
abstract: There has been a significant increase in the number of patients receiving cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIED) over the last two decades. CIED infection represents a serious complication after CIED implantation and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Recently, newly advanced technologies have offered attractive and suitable therapeutic alternatives. Notably, the leadless pacemaker and anti-bacterial envelope decrease the potential risk of CIED infection and the resulting mortality, when it does occur. A completely subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator is also an alternative to the transvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), as it does not require implantation of any transvenous or epicardial leads. Among the patients who require ICD removal and subsequent antibiotics secondary to infection, the wearable cardioverter defibrillator represents an alternative approach to inpatient monitoring for the prevention of sudden cardiac death. In this review paper, we aimed to introduce the advanced technologies and devices for prevention of CIED infection.
authors: Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Cardiology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
authors: Yusuke
authors: Y
authors: Kondo
authors: Department of Cardiology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
authors: Marehiko
authors: M
authors: Ueda
authors: Department of Cardiology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
authors: Yoshio
authors: Y
authors: Kobayashi
authors: Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
authors: Joerg O
authors: JO
authors: Schwab
keywords: Anti-bacterial envelope; Cardiac implantable electronic devices infection (CIED) infection; Leadless pacemaker; Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S-ICD); Wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD)