title: Potential Effects on Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Status After a Concurrent Strength and Endurance Training Program in Diabetes Patients - a Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Concurrent aerobic and resistance training (CART) programs have been widely recommended as an important strategy to improve physiologic and functional performance in patients with chronic diseases. However, the impact of a personalized CART program in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) requires investigation. Therefore, the primary aim of the current study is to investigate the impact of CART programs on metabolic profile, glycemic control, and exercise capacity in patients with diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 41 subjects with T2D (15 females and 19 males, 50.8 ± 7 years); subjects were randomized into two groups; sedentary (SG) and CART (CART-G). CART was performed over 1.10-h sessions (30-min aerobic and 30-min resistance exercises) three times/week for 12 weeks. Body composition, biochemical analyses, peripheral muscular strength, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing were primary measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The glycated hemoglobin HbA1c (65.4 ± 17.9 to 55.9 ± 12.7 mmol/mol), cholesterol (198.38.1 ± 50.3 to 186.8 ± 35.1 mg/dl), and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (6.4 ± 6.8 to 5.0 ± 1.4) decreased in the CART-G compared to the SG. Although body weight did not significantly change after training, skinfold measurement indicated decreased body fat in the CART-G only. CART significantly enhanced muscle strength compared to the SG (p< 0.05). CART was also associated with significant increase in peak oxygen uptake and maximal workload compared to the SG (p< 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data support CART as an important strategy in the treatment of patients with T2D, producing both physiologic and functional improvements.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Ensaiosclinicos.gov.br, RBR492q8z.
authors: Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis Km 235, Sao Carlos, SP Brazil.
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Bassi
authors: Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis Km 235, Sao Carlos, SP Brazil.
authors: Renata Gonçalves
authors: RG
authors: Mendes
authors: Department of Interunits of Bioengineer, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil.
authors: Vivian Maria
authors: VM
authors: Arakelian
authors: Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis Km 235, Sao Carlos, SP Brazil.
authors: Flávia Cristina Rossi
authors: FC
authors: Caruso
authors: Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis Km 235, Sao Carlos, SP Brazil.
authors: Ramona
authors: R
authors: Cabiddu
authors: Department of Interunits of Bioengineer, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil ; Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo, SP Brazil.
authors: José Carlos Bonjorno
authors: JC
authors: Júnior
authors: Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA ; Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
authors: Ross
authors: R
authors: Arena
authors: Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis Km 235, Sao Carlos, SP Brazil ; Department of Interunits of Bioengineer, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil.
authors: Audrey
authors: A
authors: Borghi-Silva
keywords: Concurrent training program; Diabetes mellitus; HbA1c; Metabolic profile; Oxygen uptake