title: Development of an Improved Animal Model of Overactive Bladder: Transperineal Ligation versus Transperitoneal Ligation in Male Rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared a transperineal ligation model and a transperitoneal ligation model in male rats to determine which animal model of overactive bladder (OAB) was more useful based on cystometrography, estimations of oxidative stress, and measurements of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=15 in each): the control group, the transperineal ligation group, and the transperitoneal ligation group. Four weeks after the ligation procedure, cystometrography was performed and oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and histologic changes were evaluated. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring 8-hydroxy-20-deoxyguanosine and superoxide dismutase, and pro-inflammatory cytokine activity was investigated by measuring levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The transperineal model led to results similar to those observed for the transperitoneal model, namely (1) increased voiding frequency and reductions in the non-voiding contraction interval and the maximal vesical pressure, (2) increased levels of oxidative stress markers, (3) increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and (4) fibrotic changes in the bladder tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest that the transperineal procedure can be used as an alternative OAB model in male rats.
authors: Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Woo Hyun
authors: WH
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.; Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Woong Jin
authors: WJ
authors: Bae
authors: Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Jung Woo
authors: JW
authors: Park
authors: Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Jin Bong
authors: JB
authors: Choi
authors: Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Su Jin
authors: SJ
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Hyuk Jin
authors: HJ
authors: Cho
authors: Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors: U Syn
authors: US
authors: Ha
authors: Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Sung Hoo
authors: SH
authors: Hong
authors: Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Ji Youl
authors: JY
authors: Lee
authors: Korea Bio Medical Science Institute, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Sung Yeoun
authors: SY
authors: Hwang
authors: Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.; Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Sae Woong
authors: SW
authors: Kim
keywords: Rats; Urinary bladder neck obstruction; Urinary bladder, overactive