title: Enhanced rhizobial symbiotic capacity in an allopolyploid species of Glycine (Leguminosae).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have shown that polyploidy can alter biotic interactions, and it has been suggested that these effects may contribute to the increased ability for colonization of new habitats shown by many allopolyploids. Little is known, however, about the effects of allopolyploidy, which combines hybridity and genome doubling, on symbiotic interactions with rhizobial bacteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined interactions of the allopolyploid Glycine dolichocarpa (designated T2) with novel rhizobial partners, such as might occur in a context of colonization, and compared these with the responses of its diploid progenitors, G. tomentella (D3) and G. syndetika (D4). We assessed root hair response, nodule formation, nodule mass, nodule number, and plant biomass.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The allopolyploid (T2) showed a greater root hair deformation response when exposed to rhizobia, compared with either diploid. T2 had a greater probability of forming nodules with NGR234 compared with diploid D4, and greater total nodule mass per nodulated plant compared with diploid D3. T2 also had greater plant biomass responses to nitrogen and when exposed to NGR234.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The allopolyploid is characterized by transgressive responses to rhizobia for some variables, while also combining certain parental diploid responses such that its capacity for interactions with rhizobia appears to be greater than for either diploid progenitor. This overall enhanced nodulation capacity and the ability to make greater gains from exposure to both rhizobia and additional nitrogen indicate a greater potential of the allopolyploid to benefit from these factors both generally and in a context of colonization.
authors: Cornell University, Section of Plant Biology, 412 Mann Library, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 USA.
authors: Adrian F
authors: AF
authors: Powell
authors: Cornell University, Section of Plant Biology, 412 Mann Library, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 USA jjd5@cornell.edu.|Cornell University, Section of Plant Breeding and Genetics, 240 Emerson Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 USA.
authors: Jeff J
authors: JJ
authors: Doyle
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D020369:Bradyrhizobium / Q000502:physiology*; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology*; D055170:Plant Root Nodulation; D011123:Polyploidy; D020579:Sinorhizobium / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Glycine dolichocarpa; Glycine syndetika; Glycine tomentella; Leguminosae; allopolyploidy; nodulation; rhizobia