title: Miniature Surface Plasmon Polariton Amplitude Modulator by Beat Frequency and Polarization Control.
abstract: The miniaturization of modulators keeps pace for the compact devices in optical applications. Here, we present a miniature surface plasmon polariton amplitude modulator (SPPAM) by directing and interfering surface plasmon polaritons on a nanofabricated chip. Our results show that this SPPAM enables two kinds of modulations. The first kind of modulation is controlled by encoding angular-frequency difference from a Zeeman laser, with a beat frequency of 1.66 MHz; the second of modulation is validated by periodically varying the polarization states from a polarization generator, with rotation frequencies of 0.5-10 k Hz. In addition, the normalized extinction ratio of our plasmonic structure reaches 100. Such miniaturized beat-frequency and polarization-controlled amplitude modulators open an avenue for the exploration of ultrasensitive nanosensors, nanocircuits, and other integrated nanophotonic devices.
authors: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
authors: Cheng-Wei
authors: CW
authors: Chang
authors: Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 41170, Taiwan.
authors: Chu-En
authors: CE
authors: Lin
authors: Graduate Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
authors: Chih-Jen
authors: CJ
authors: Yu
authors: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
authors: Ting-Tso
authors: TT
authors: Yeh
authors: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.|Center for Nanotechnology, Materials Science, and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University., 101, Section 2 Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
authors: Ta-Jen
authors: TJ
authors: Yen