title: Correlation of pre-operative CT findings with surgical & histological tumor dissemination patterns at cytoreduction for primary advanced and relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer: A retrospective evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Computed tomography (CT) is an essential part of preoperative planning prior to cytoreductive surgery for primary and relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Our aim is to correlate pre-operative CT results with intraoperative surgical and histopathological findings at debulking surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a systematic comparison of intraoperative tumor dissemination patterns and surgical resections with preoperative CT assessments of infiltrative disease at key resection sites, in women who underwent multivisceral debulking surgery due to EOC between January 2013 and December 2014 at a tertiary referral center. The key sites were defined as follows: diaphragmatic involvement(DI), splenic disease (SI), large (LBI) and small (SBI) bowel involvement, rectal involvement (RI), porta hepatis involvement (PHI), mesenteric disease (MI) and lymph node involvement (LNI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 155 patients, mostly with FIGO stage IIIC disease (65%) were evaluated (primary=105, relapsed=50). Total macroscopic cytoreduction rates were: 89%. Pre-operative CT findings displayed high specificity across all tumor sites apart from the retroperitoneal lymph node status, with a specificity of 65%. The ability however of the CT to accurately identify sites affected by invasive disease was relatively low with the following sensitivities as relating to final histology: 32% (DI), 26% (SI), 46% (LBI), 44% (SBI), 39% (RI), 57% (PHI), 31% (MI), 63% (LNI).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pre-operative CT imaging shows high specificity but low sensitivity in detecting tumor involvement at key sites in ovarian cancer surgery. CT findings alone should not be used for surgical decision making.
authors: West London Gynecological Cancer Center, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Nasser
authors: West London Gynecological Cancer Center, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Lazaridis
authors: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Huxley Building, Imperial College, Queen's Gate South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Evangelou
authors: West London Gynecological Cancer Center, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Jones
authors: West London Gynecological Cancer Center, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK; Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Center, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Nixon
authors: West London Gynecological Cancer Center, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK; Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Center, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Kyrgiou
authors: West London Gynecological Cancer Center, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK; Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Center, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Gabra
authors: Department of Radiology, Imperial College Cancer Imaging Centre, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Rockall
authors: West London Gynecological Cancer Center, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK; Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Center, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK. Electronic address: chfotopoulou@gmail.com.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Fotopoulou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000077216:Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; D065426:Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D009375:Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012007:Rectum / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
keywords: CT; Ovarian cancer; Pre-operative imaging