title: Application of mathematical expectation (ME) strategy for detecting low frequency mutations: An example for evaluating 14-bp insertion/deletion (indel) within the bovine PRNP gene.
abstract: The detection method based on the mathematical expectation (ME) strategy is fast and accuracy for low frequency mutation screening in large samples. Previous studies have found that the 14-bp insertion/deletion (indel) variants of the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) within bovine PRNP gene have been characterized with low frequency (≤5%) in global breeds outside China, which has not been determined in Chinese cattle breeds yet. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the 14-bp indel within PRNP gene in 5 major Chinese indigenous cattle breeds and to evaluate its associations with phenotypic traits. It was the first time to use ME strategy to detect low frequency indel polymorphisms and found that minor allele frequency was 0.038 (Qinchuan), 0.033 (Xianan), 0.013 (Nanyang), 0.003 (Jiaxian), and zero (Ji'an), respectively. Compared to the traditional detection method by which the sample was screened one by one, the reaction time by using the ME method was decreased 62.5%, 64.9%, 77.6%, 88.9% and 66.4%, respectively. In addition, the 14-bp indel was significantly associated with the growth traits in 2 cattle breeds, with the body length of Qinchuan cattle as well as the body weight and waistline of Xianan cattle. Our results have uncovered that the method based on ME strategy is rapid, reliable, and cost-effective for detecting the low frequency mutation as well as our findings provide a potential valuable theoretical basis for the marker-assisted selection (MAS) in beef cattle.
authors: a Innovation Experimental College , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , P. R. China.|b College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture , Yangling , Shaanxi , P. R. China.
authors: Qing
authors: Q
authors: Yang
authors: b College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture , Yangling , Shaanxi , P. R. China.
authors: Sihuan
authors: S
authors: Zhang
authors: c School of Statistics and Information , ShangHai University of International Business and Economics , Shanghai , P. R. China.
authors: Liangliang
authors: L
authors: Liu
authors: b College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture , Yangling , Shaanxi , P. R. China.
authors: Xiukai
authors: X
authors: Cao
authors: b College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture , Yangling , Shaanxi , P. R. China.
authors: Chuzhao
authors: C
authors: Lei
authors: d Xianan Cattle Technology Development Company , Biyang , Henan , P. R. China.|e Bureau of Animal Husbandry , Biyang , Henan , P. R. China.
authors: Xinglei
authors: X
authors: Qi
authors: d Xianan Cattle Technology Development Company , Biyang , Henan , P. R. China.|e Bureau of Animal Husbandry , Biyang , Henan , P. R. China.
authors: Fengpeng
authors: F
authors: Lin
authors: e Bureau of Animal Husbandry , Biyang , Henan , P. R. China.
authors: Weidong
authors: W
authors: Qu
authors: e Bureau of Animal Husbandry , Biyang , Henan , P. R. China.
authors: Xingshan
authors: X
authors: Qi
authors: f Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Station of Jiangxi , Nanchang , Jiangxi , P. R. China.
authors: Jiming
authors: J
authors: Liu
authors: f Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Station of Jiangxi , Nanchang , Jiangxi , P. R. China.
authors: Rongmin
authors: R
authors: Wang
authors: b College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture , Yangling , Shaanxi , P. R. China.
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Chen
authors: b College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture , Yangling , Shaanxi , P. R. China.
authors: Xianyong
authors: X
authors: Lan
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D000818:Animals; D020029:Base Pairing; D002417:Cattle; D054643:INDEL Mutation; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D000072002:Prion Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D000072002:Prion Proteins
keywords: association; bovine; growth traits; insertion/deletion (indel); low frequency; prion protein (PRNP) gene