title: Frontal-view nasolabial soft tissue alterations after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery in Class III patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this before-after clinical trial was to evaluate nasolabial soft tissue changes in the frontal plane after bimaxillary surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 20 skeletal Class III Iranian patients needing bimaxillary Le Fort I osteotomy plus mandibular setback surgery were enrolled in this trial. Patients underwent 4.02 ± 1.02 mm of maxillary advancement (Le Fort I osteotomy, 4.33 ± 1.21 mm in men, 3.81 ± 0.86 mm in women) and 7.13 ± 1.74 mm of mandibular setback (intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy, 7.71 ± 2.33 mm in men, and 6.74 ± 1.16 mm in women). Data were acquired via 2D frontal photographs. We compared pretreatment baseline (T1), preoperative postorthodontic treatment (T2), and postoperative (T3) anthropometric measurements using repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (α = 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 20 patients (12 men, 8 women) were aged 21.85 ± 1.75 years. Between T1and T2, nasal width, cutaneous upper labial heights increased overall; cutaneous lower labial height decreased (P < 0.05). Between T2and T3, nasal width, widths of the philtrum and mouth, cutaneous upper-lip height, vermilion height of the lower lip, lateral upper-lip height increased; the upper-lip vermilion height and cutaneous lower lip height decreased (P < 0.05). The changes ranged between 0.5 and 5 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The applied orthognathic surgery procedures might widen the alar base and mouth width. It might increase the lateral upper-lip height, vermilion height of the lower lip, and cutaneous and overall upper-lip heights while reducing upper-lip vermilion height and shortening the overall lower-lip height.
authors: Department of Orthodontics, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Siamak
authors: S
authors: Hemmatpour
authors: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran. kadkhodaeifatemeh@gmail.com.|, No. 12, Shahed 1 Alley, Sardar Jangal Blvd, Poonak Square, Tehran, Iran. kadkhodaeifatemeh@gmail.com.
authors: Fatemeh
authors: F
authors: Kadkhodaei Oliadarani
authors: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Hasani
authors: Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.|Department of Dental Anatomy, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Vahid
authors: V
authors: Rakhshan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology*; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D060052:Nasolabial Fold / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology*; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy; Le Fort I osteotomy; Mandibular setback; Maxillary advancement; Orthognathic surgery