title: Nitric oxide inhibitory xanthones from the pericarps of Garcinia mangostana.
abstract: Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana, Clusiaceae) is called "queen of fruit" in Southeast Asia. In the current study, three dimeric xanthones, garcinoxanthones A-C, and four monomeric xanthones, garcinoxanthones D-G, together with 18 known xanthones, were isolated from the pericarps of G. mangostana, collected in Thailand. The structures of garcinoxanthones A-G were elucidated by analysis of their 1D and 2D NMR and other spectroscopic data, and their absolute configurations were determined by the CD spectra. All seven compounds were tested for nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Garcinoxanthones B and C significantly inhibited NO production with IC50values of 11.3 ± 1.7 and 18.0 ± 1.8 μM, respectively, which were comparable with the positive control indomethacin (IC503.9 ± 0.3 μM). Moreover, garcinoxanthone B suppressed inducible NO synthase expression in a dose-dependent manner. These results reveal the presence of rare dimeric xanthones in G. mangostana and their NO inhibitory effect on LPS-stimulated murine macrophage cells.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
authors: Qianyu
authors: Q
authors: Liu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
authors: Dan
authors: D
authors: Li
authors: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
authors: Anqi
authors: A
authors: Wang
authors: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
authors: Zhen
authors: Z
authors: Dong
authors: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
authors: Sheng
authors: S
authors: Yin
authors: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
authors: Qingwen
authors: Q
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Ye
authors: School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621010, China. Electronic address: lilc76@gmail.com.
authors: Liangchun
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China. Electronic address: ligenl@umac.mo.
authors: Ligen
authors: L
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D029762:Garcinia mangostana / Q000737:chemistry*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D013785:Thailand; D044004:Xanthones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D044004:Xanthones; C000614493:garcinoxanthone A; C000614491:garcinoxanthone B; C000614492:garcinoxanthone C; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
keywords: Clusiaceae; Dimeric xanthones; Garcinia mangostana; NO inhibition; Xanthones; iNOS