title: Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Attenuates Oxidative Stress during Cardiopulmonary Bypass.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) is used to overcome the threat of cerebral ischemia during complex surgical operations of the heart and the aortic arch. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) has been shown to mitigate neurological damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed blood samples in a consecutive series of 52 piglets that underwent a 60-min period of DHCA with RIPC (the RIPC group) or without (the control group), to reveal whether the protective effect to oxidative stress could be seen by measuring serum 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). The piglets were cannulated and cooled to 18°C using a heart-lung machine, for the DHCA. The piglets were then rewarmed to normothermic temperature. Blood sampling was taken at baseline, after 30 minutes of cooling, 2 hours postoperatively, and 8 hours postoperatively, and analyzed. 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) from blood samples was analyzed by using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum 8-OHdG concentration was lower in the RIPC group after the cooling phase, 1.84 (1.44-2.17) ng/mL, and at 8 hours after HCA 1.48 (1.39-1.69) ng/mL, when compared with the control group, where the values were 2.14 (1.81-2.56) and 1.84 (1.62-2.44) ng/mL, respectively (P = .025) and (P = .004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Remote ischemic preconditioning lowers oxidative stress during cardiopulmonary bypass.
authors: Research Unit of Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Oulu and MRC Oulu, Finland.
authors: Oiva
authors: O
authors: Arvola
authors: Research Unit of Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Oulu and MRC Oulu, Finland.
authors: Henri
authors: H
authors: Haapanen
authors: Research Unit of Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Oulu and MRC Oulu, Finland.
authors: Johanna
authors: J
authors: Herajärvi
authors: Research Unit of Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Oulu and MRC Oulu, Finland.
authors: Tuomas
authors: T
authors: Anttila
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland.
authors: Ulla
authors: U
authors: Puistola
authors: Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland.
authors: Peeter
authors: P
authors: Karihtala
authors: Research Unit of Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Oulu and MRC Oulu, Finland.
authors: Vesa
authors: V
authors: Anttila
authors: Research Unit of Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Oulu and MRC Oulu, Finland.|Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart and Lung Center HUCH, Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Tatu
authors: T
authors: Juvonen
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D050792:Circulatory Arrest, Deep Hypothermia Induced / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006147:Guanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D013552:Swine; D013686:Telemetry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006147:Guanine; C078307:8-oxo-7,8-dihydrodeoxyguanine; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine