title: Retrospective evaluation of COX-2 expression, histological and clinical factors as prognostic indicators in dogs with renal cell carcinomas undergoing nephrectomy.
abstract: Limited veterinary literature is available regarding prognostic markers for canine renal cell carcinoma (CRCC). We retrospectively evaluated COX-2 expression, histological and clinical features associated with prognosis of CRCC. Sixty-four cases post-nephrectomy were included, 54 had histopathological assessment and 30 had COX-2 immunostaining performed. Eight dogs (13%) had metastatic disease at initial diagnosis. Twenty-seven dogs (42%) received adjuvant therapy after nephrectomy. On univariate analysis, COX-2 expression, mitotic index (MI), histologic type, vascular invasion, neoplastic invasiveness and metastasis at diagnosis were significantly associated with overall median survival time (MST). COX-2 score (COX-2 score > 3 MST 420 days versus 1176 days if COX-2 score <3; P = 0.011) and MI (MI > 30 MST 120 days versus 540 days for MI < 30; P = 0.003) were the only variables associated with CRCC outcome on multivariate analysis. The addition of MI and COX-2 immunostaining to standard histopathological evaluation would help predicting outcome in CRCC patients.
authors: Oncology Service, Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Carvalho
authors: Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK.
authors: A L
authors: AL
authors: Stoll
authors: Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK.
authors: S L
authors: SL
authors: Priestnall
authors: Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary School, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Suarez-Bonnet
authors: Veterinary Medical Centre of Central New York, New York, USA.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Rassnick
authors: Davies Veterinary Specialists, Hitchin, UK.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Lynch
authors: Tierklinik Hofheim, Hofheim, Germany.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Schoepper
authors: Clinica Veterinaria Nerviano, Nerviano MI, Italy.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Romanelli
authors: Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Buracco
authors: University of Glasgow School of Veterinary Medicine Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Atherton
authors: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Facultad de Veterinaria Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors: E M
authors: EM
authors: de Merlo
authors: Oncology Service, Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Lara-Garcia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D008940:Mitotic Index / Q000662:veterinary; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000662:veterinary*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2
keywords: COX-2 expression; canine renal cell carcinoma; chemotherapy; histologic type; metastasis; mitotic index; poorly differentiated tubular