title: Biomechanics of Borrelia burgdorferi Vascular Interactions.
abstract: Systemic dissemination of microbes is critical for progression of many infectious diseases and is associated with most mortality due to bacterial infection. The physical mechanisms mediating a key dissemination step, bacterial association with vascular endothelia in blood vessels, remain unknown. Here, we show that endothelial interactions of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi under physiological shear stress mechanistically resemble selectin-dependent leukocyte rolling. Specifically, these interactions are mediated by transfer of mechanical load along a series of adhesion complexes and are stabilized by tethers and catch bond properties of the bacterial adhesin BBK32. Furthermore, we found that the forces imposed on adhesive bonds under flow may be small enough to permit active migration driven by bacterial flagellar motors. These findings provide insight into the biomechanics of bacterial-vascular interactions and demonstrate that disseminating bacteria and circulating host immune cells share widely conserved mechanisms for interacting with endothelia under physiological shear stress.
authors: Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, #241 Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada.
authors: Rhodaba
authors: R
authors: Ebady
authors: Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, #241 Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada.
authors: Alexandra F
authors: AF
authors: Niddam
authors: Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, #241 Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada.
authors: Anna E
authors: AE
authors: Boczula
authors: Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, #241 Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada.
authors: Yae Ram
authors: YR
authors: Kim
authors: Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, #241 Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada.
authors: Nupur
authors: N
authors: Gupta
authors: Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, #241 Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada.
authors: Tian Tian
authors: TT
authors: Tang
authors: Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, #241 Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada.
authors: Tanya
authors: T
authors: Odisho
authors: Department of Microbial Pathogenesis & Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 8447 State Highway 47, MREB #3107, Bryan, TX 77807, USA.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Zhi
authors: Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, #241 Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada; Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science & Engineering, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, 14(th) floor, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
authors: Craig A
authors: CA
authors: Simmons
authors: Department of Microbial Pathogenesis & Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 8447 State Highway 47, MREB #3107, Bryan, TX 77807, USA.
authors: Jon T
authors: JT
authors: Skare
authors: Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, #241 Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, #241 Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada. Electronic address: tara.moriarty@utoronto.ca.
authors: Tara J
authors: TJ
authors: Moriarty
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D025065:Borrelia burgdorferi / Q000502:physiology*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D036904:Leukocyte Rolling; D008954:Models, Biological; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D012399:Rotation; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D019415:Torque; D014699:Venules / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; C106209:p35 antigen, Borrelia
keywords: Lyme disease; bacteria; biomechanics; catch bond; dissemination; endothelial; infection; motility; tether; vascular