title: Pancreatic injury in patients with septic shock: A literature review.
abstract: Sepsis and septic shock are life threatening condition associated with high mortality rate in critically-ill patients. This high mortality is mainly related to the inadequacy between oxygen delivery and cellular demand leading to the onset of multiorgan dysfunction. Whether this multiorgan failure affect the pancreas is not fully investigated. In fact, pancreatic injury may occur because of ischemia, overwhelming inflammatory response, oxidative stress, cellular apoptosis and/or metabolic derangement. Increased serum amylase and/or lipase levels are common in patients with septic shock. However, imaging test rarely reveal significant pancreatic damage. Whether pancreatic dysfunction does affect the prognosis of patients with septic shock or not is still a matter of debate. In fact, only few studies with limited sample size assessed the clinical relevance of the pancreatic injury in this group of patients. In this review, we aimed to describe the epidemiology and the physiopathology of pancreatic injury in septic shock patients, to clarify whether it requires specific management and to assess its prognostic value. Our main finding is that pancreatic injury does not significantly affect the outcome in septic shock patients. Hence, increased serum pancreatic enzymes without clinical features of acute pancreatitis do not require further imaging investigations and specific therapeutic intervention.
authors: Anis Chaari, Karim Abdel Hakim, Kamel Bousselmi, Mahmoud Etman, Mohamed El Bahr, Ahmed El Saka, Eman Hamza, Mohamed Ismail, Elsayed Mahmoud Khalil, Vipin Kauts, William Francis Casey, Department of Intensive Care, King Hamed University Hospital, Al Muharaq 24343, Bahrain.
authors: Anis
authors: A
authors: Chaari
authors: Anis Chaari, Karim Abdel Hakim, Kamel Bousselmi, Mahmoud Etman, Mohamed El Bahr, Ahmed El Saka, Eman Hamza, Mohamed Ismail, Elsayed Mahmoud Khalil, Vipin Kauts, William Francis Casey, Department of Intensive Care, King Hamed University Hospital, Al Muharaq 24343, Bahrain.
authors: Karim
authors: K
authors: Abdel Hakim
authors: Anis Chaari, Karim Abdel Hakim, Kamel Bousselmi, Mahmoud Etman, Mohamed El Bahr, Ahmed El Saka, Eman Hamza, Mohamed Ismail, Elsayed Mahmoud Khalil, Vipin Kauts, William Francis Casey, Department of Intensive Care, King Hamed University Hospital, Al Muharaq 24343, Bahrain.
authors: Kamel
authors: K
authors: Bousselmi
authors: Anis Chaari, Karim Abdel Hakim, Kamel Bousselmi, Mahmoud Etman, Mohamed El Bahr, Ahmed El Saka, Eman Hamza, Mohamed Ismail, Elsayed Mahmoud Khalil, Vipin Kauts, William Francis Casey, Department of Intensive Care, King Hamed University Hospital, Al Muharaq 24343, Bahrain.
authors: Mahmoud
authors: M
authors: Etman
authors: Anis Chaari, Karim Abdel Hakim, Kamel Bousselmi, Mahmoud Etman, Mohamed El Bahr, Ahmed El Saka, Eman Hamza, Mohamed Ismail, Elsayed Mahmoud Khalil, Vipin Kauts, William Francis Casey, Department of Intensive Care, King Hamed University Hospital, Al Muharaq 24343, Bahrain.
authors: Mohamed
authors: M
authors: El Bahr
authors: Anis Chaari, Karim Abdel Hakim, Kamel Bousselmi, Mahmoud Etman, Mohamed El Bahr, Ahmed El Saka, Eman Hamza, Mohamed Ismail, Elsayed Mahmoud Khalil, Vipin Kauts, William Francis Casey, Department of Intensive Care, King Hamed University Hospital, Al Muharaq 24343, Bahrain.
authors: Ahmed
authors: A
authors: El Saka
authors: Anis Chaari, Karim Abdel Hakim, Kamel Bousselmi, Mahmoud Etman, Mohamed El Bahr, Ahmed El Saka, Eman Hamza, Mohamed Ismail, Elsayed Mahmoud Khalil, Vipin Kauts, William Francis Casey, Department of Intensive Care, King Hamed University Hospital, Al Muharaq 24343, Bahrain.
authors: Eman
authors: E
authors: Hamza
authors: Anis Chaari, Karim Abdel Hakim, Kamel Bousselmi, Mahmoud Etman, Mohamed El Bahr, Ahmed El Saka, Eman Hamza, Mohamed Ismail, Elsayed Mahmoud Khalil, Vipin Kauts, William Francis Casey, Department of Intensive Care, King Hamed University Hospital, Al Muharaq 24343, Bahrain.
authors: Mohamed
authors: M
authors: Ismail
authors: Anis Chaari, Karim Abdel Hakim, Kamel Bousselmi, Mahmoud Etman, Mohamed El Bahr, Ahmed El Saka, Eman Hamza, Mohamed Ismail, Elsayed Mahmoud Khalil, Vipin Kauts, William Francis Casey, Department of Intensive Care, King Hamed University Hospital, Al Muharaq 24343, Bahrain.
authors: Elsayed Mahmoud
authors: EM
authors: Khalil
authors: Anis Chaari, Karim Abdel Hakim, Kamel Bousselmi, Mahmoud Etman, Mohamed El Bahr, Ahmed El Saka, Eman Hamza, Mohamed Ismail, Elsayed Mahmoud Khalil, Vipin Kauts, William Francis Casey, Department of Intensive Care, King Hamed University Hospital, Al Muharaq 24343, Bahrain.
authors: Vipin
authors: V
authors: Kauts
authors: Anis Chaari, Karim Abdel Hakim, Kamel Bousselmi, Mahmoud Etman, Mohamed El Bahr, Ahmed El Saka, Eman Hamza, Mohamed Ismail, Elsayed Mahmoud Khalil, Vipin Kauts, William Francis Casey, Department of Intensive Care, King Hamed University Hospital, Al Muharaq 24343, Bahrain.
authors: William Francis
authors: WF
authors: Casey
keywords: Amylase; Lipase; Pancreas; Prognosis; Septic shock