title: Polychlorinated biphenyls in agricultural soils from the Yangtze River Delta of China: Regional contamination characteristics, combined ecological effects and human health risks.
abstract: The current contamination status of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was studied in the agricultural soils of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), one of the largest economic zones in China. The concentrations of PCBs ranged from <0.1 to 130 ng/g dry weight. Higher concentrations of PCBs were observed in the 0-30 cm surface layers relative to the subsurface soils. A distinct spatial distribution was observed with a declining concentration gradient from the northwest to the southeast of the region. The composition of PCBs in the soils was consistent with the Chinese commercial PCB mixtures, but different from the compositions in global background soil. Local sources including large-scale use and disposal of PCB-containing products were the main potential sources to soil. The ecological effects and human health risks associated with combined persistent organic pollutants, including PCBs, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), phthalate esters (PAEs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), were further estimated. The four toxic organic compounds and seven physicochemical parameters together could only explain 12.7% of the variation in microbial community composition, suggesting the soil ecosystem function was not strongly influenced by the combined pollution at low concentrations. However, the potential health risks to residents via multiple pathways were notably higher for PCBs than other chemicals. The potential risks were mainly derived from PCB-126, 81, and 169.
authors: Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
authors: Jianteng
authors: J
authors: Sun
authors: Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
authors: Lili
authors: L
authors: Pan
authors: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
authors: Daniel C W
authors: DCW
authors: Tsang
authors: Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Zhan
authors: Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors: Wenxin
authors: W
authors: Liu
authors: Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors: Xilong
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China. Electronic address: zlz@zju.edu.cn.
authors: Lizhong
authors: L
authors: Zhu
authors: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
authors: Xiangdong
authors: X
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000383:Agriculture; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004952:Esters / Q000032:analysis; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D045483:Rivers; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004952:Esters; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D010575:Pesticides; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C032279:phthalic acid
keywords: Agricultural soil; Combined pollution; Health risks; Microbial communities; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Yangtze River Delta