title: Heterarchic reinstatement of long-term memory: A concept on hippocampal amnesia in rodent memory research.
abstract: Evidence from clinical and animal research highlights the role of the hippocampus in long-term memory (LTM). Decades of experimental work have produced numerous theoretical accounts of the hippocampus in LTM, and each suggests that hippocampal disruption produces amnesia for specific categories of memory. These accounts also imply that hippocampal disruption before or soon after a learning episode should have equivalent amnestic effects. Recent evidence from lesion and inactivation experiments in rodents illustrates that hippocampal disruption after a learning episode causes memory impairment in a wider range of memory tasks than if the same disruption occurs before learning. Although this finding supports that multiple circuits can acquire and retrieve similar information, it also suggests they do not do so independently. In addition, damage after learning produces amnesia for simple elements of a task as well as complex, conjunctive features. Here we develop an explanation for why anterograde and retrograde hippocampal effects differ. This explanation, the heterarchic reinstatement view, also generates novel predictions.
authors: Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada; University of Lethbridge 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. Electronic address: justin.lee@uleth.ca.
authors: Justin Q
authors: JQ
authors: Lee
authors: Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada; University of Lethbridge 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.
authors: Erin L
authors: EL
authors: Zelinski
authors: Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada; University of Lethbridge 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.
authors: Robert J
authors: RJ
authors: McDonald
authors: Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada; University of Lethbridge 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.
authors: Robert J
authors: RJ
authors: Sutherland
mesh_terms: D000647:Amnesia; D000648:Amnesia, Retrograde; D000818:Animals; D006624:Hippocampus; D006801:Humans; D057567:Memory, Long-Term
keywords: Heterarchic reinstatement; Hippocampus; Long-term memory; Rodents