title: Some thoughts about the intracellular location of nanoparticles and the resulting consequences.
abstract: It is qualitatively demonstrated that the intracellular localization of particles depends on the way they are administered, their basic physicochemical properties, as well as on incubation time. For this purpose cells were exposed to fluorescently-labelled particles of different size under different exposure scenarios including incubation, microinjection, electroporation, and sonoporation. After co-exposure to cells the intracellular distribution of different particles was imaged with multicolor fluorescence microscopy. Qualitative co-localization analysis demonstrates, that different particles to which cells have been exposed in different ways did not automatically reside in the same compartment. As intracellular particle localization may influence potential toxic effects of particles on cells, studies attempting to unravel molecular mechanisms of toxicity should involve the determination of the intracellular particle distribution.
authors: Fachbereich Physik, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
authors: Joanna
authors: J
authors: Rejman
authors: Fachbereich Physik, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
authors: Moritz
authors: M
authors: Nazarenus
authors: Fachbereich Physik, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany; CIC BiomaGUNE, San Sebastian, Spain.
authors: Dorleta
authors: D
authors: Jimenez de Aberasturi
authors: Fachbereich Physik, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt.
authors: Alaa Hassan
authors: AH
authors: Said
authors: Fachbereich Physik, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
authors: Neus
authors: N
authors: Feliu
authors: Fachbereich Physik, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany; CIC BiomaGUNE, San Sebastian, Spain. Electronic address: wolfgang.parak@physik.uni-marburg.de.
authors: Wolfgang J
authors: WJ
authors: Parak
mesh_terms: D000072283:A549 Cells; D001692:Biological Transport; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D018274:Electroporation; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008845:Microinjections; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D010316:Particle Size; D000069453:Ultrasonic Waves
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes
keywords: Particle uptake; Toxicity