title: Strong evidence for the presence of the tick Hyalomma marginatum Koch, 1844 in southern continental France.
abstract: Hyalomma ticks can transmit several human and animal pathogens in Eurasia and Africa. Interest in Hyalomma marginatum has increased since the recent (re)emergence of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever in the Palearctic region. Until now, continental France has been considered free of this tick species. Nevertheless, the existence of incomplete and occasionally incorrect records has maintained confusion about its status. Based on several tick sampling campaigns conducted on horses and birds from 2007 to 2016, we provided very strong evidence for the presence of reproducing populations of H. marginatum in parts of southern continental France. We also confirmed the introduction of immature developmental stages of H. marginatum, as well as H. rufipes, into France probably through trans-Mediterranean bird migrations.
authors: CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France. Electronic address: laurence.vial@cirad.fr.
authors: Laurence
authors: L
authors: Vial
authors: CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France. Electronic address: frederic.stachurski@cirad.fr.
authors: Frédéric
authors: F
authors: Stachurski
authors: EPIA, INRA, Animal Epidemiology and Equine Department, VetAgroSup, F-69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France. Electronic address: agnes.leblond@vetagro-sup.fr.
authors: Agnès
authors: A
authors: Leblond
authors: CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; CMAEE, INRA, CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier, France. Electronic address: karine.huber@cirad.fr.
authors: Karine
authors: K
authors: Huber
authors: EPIA, INRA, F-63122 Saint Genès Champanelle, France. Electronic address: gwenael.vourch@clermont.inra.fr.
authors: Gwenaël
authors: G
authors: Vourc'h
authors: EPIA, INRA, Animal Epidemiology and Equine Department, VetAgroSup, F-69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France. Electronic address: magalie.renemartellet@vetagro-sup.fr.
authors: Magalie
authors: M
authors: René-Martellet
authors: EPIA, INRA, Animal Epidemiology and Equine Department, VetAgroSup, F-69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France. Electronic address: isabelle.desjardins@vetagro-sup.fr.
authors: Isabelle
authors: I
authors: Desjardins
authors: CIRAD, UR AGIRS, F-34398 Montpellier, France. Electronic address: gilles.balanca@cirad.fr.
authors: Gilles
authors: G
authors: Balança
authors: CIRAD, UR AGIRS, F-34398 Montpellier, France. Electronic address: vladimir.grosbois@cirad.fr.
authors: Vladimir
authors: V
authors: Grosbois
authors: IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France. Electronic address: s.pradier@envt.fr.
authors: Sophie
authors: S
authors: Pradier
authors: CIRAD, UR AGIRS, F-34398 Montpellier, France. Electronic address: marie.gely@cirad.fr.
authors: Marie
authors: M
authors: Gély
authors: Mas de la Lauze, Route de Ferrières/Route de Montpellier, 30170 Pompignan, France. Electronic address: anais.appelgren@gmail.com.
authors: Anaïs
authors: A
authors: Appelgren
authors: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: aestrada@unizar.es.
authors: Agustin
authors: A
authors: Estrada-Peña
mesh_terms: D063147:Animal Distribution / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D005602:France; D026863:Ixodidae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D010802:Phylogeny
keywords: Bird migration; France; Hyalomma; Introduction; Presence; Ticks