title: Approaches to the induction of HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies.
abstract: A vaccine that elicits antibody responses that can neutralize the diversity of HIV clades has not yet been achieved, and is a major focus of HIV vaccine research. Here, we provide an update on the barriers to eliciting such antibodies, and how advances in immunogen design may circumvent these roadblocks, focusing on data published in the last year.
  
  
  
  Studies of how broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) develop in HIV-infected donors continue to produce key insights, suggesting that for some viral targets there are common pathways to developing breadth. Germline-targeting strategies, that aim to recruit rare precursors of bNAbs, have shown promise in immunogenicity studies, and structural biology has led to advances in immunogen design. Mapping of strain-specific tier 2 vaccine responses has highlighted the challenges that remain in driving antibodies toward breadth.
  
  
  
  Elucidation of the HIV envelope structure, together with an understanding of how bNAbs emerge in vivo has guided the design of new immunogens and vaccine strategies that show promise for eliciting protective antibodies.
authors: aCentre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory ServicebFaculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, JohannesburgcCentre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, DurbandDivision of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town; NHLS, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors: Penny L
authors: PL
authors: Moore
authors: Carolyn
authors: C
authors: Williamson
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood*; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D006678:HIV / Q000276:immunology*; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D015483:HIV Antibodies