title: Effect of low oxygen tension on the biological characteristics of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: Culture of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) under ambient conditions does not replicate the low oxygen environment of normal physiological or pathological states and can result in cellular impairment during culture. To overcome these limitations, we explored the effect of hypoxia (1 % O2) on the biological characteristics of MSCs over the course of different culture periods. The following biological characteristics were examined in human bone marrow-derived MSCs cultured under hypoxia for 8 weeks: proliferation rate, morphology, cell size, senescence, immunophenotypic characteristics, and the expression levels of stemness-associated factors and cytokine and chemokine genes. MSCs cultured under hypoxia for approximately 2 weeks showed increased proliferation and viability. During long-term culture, hypoxia delayed phenotypic changes in MSCs, such as increased cell volume, altered morphology, and the expression of senescence-associated-β-gal, without altering their characteristic immunophenotypic characteristics. Furthermore, hypoxia increased the expression of stemness and chemokine-related genes, including OCT4 and CXCR7, and did not decrease the expression of KLF4, C-MYC, CCL2, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCR4 compared with levels in cells cultured under normoxia. In conclusion, low oxygen tension improved the biological characteristics of MSCs during ex vivo expansion. These data suggest that hypoxic culture could be a useful method for increasing the efficacy of MSC cell therapies.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, South Korea.|Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Dae Seong
authors: DS
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, South Korea.|Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Young Jong
authors: YJ
authors: Ko
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, South Korea. mwlee77@hanmail.net.|Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea. mwlee77@hanmail.net.
authors: Myoung Woo
authors: MW
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, South Korea.|Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Hyun Jin
authors: HJ
authors: Park
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, South Korea.|Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Yoo Jin
authors: YJ
authors: Park
authors: Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.|Division of Vascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Dong-Ik
authors: DI
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, South Korea.
authors: Ki Woong
authors: KW
authors: Sung
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, South Korea.|Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.|Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Hong Hoe
authors: HH
authors: Koo
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, South Korea. hema2170@skku.edu.|Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea. hema2170@skku.edu.|Department of Medical Device Management and Research, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea. hema2170@skku.edu.
authors: Keon Hee
authors: KH
authors: Yoo
mesh_terms: D050156:Adipogenesis; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016922:Cellular Senescence; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020219:Chondrogenesis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059805:HLA-DR alpha-Chains / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis; D010641:Phenotype; D054387:Receptors, CXCR / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C501896:ACKR3 protein, human; D015703:Antigens, CD; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D059805:HLA-DR alpha-Chains; C000715467:KLF4 protein, human; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; C494173:POU5F1 protein, human; D054387:Receptors, CXCR
keywords: Biological characteristics; Cell therapy; Hypoxia; Mesenchymal stem cell