title: How effective has tobacco tax increase been in the Gambia? A case study of tobacco control.
abstract: The objective of the present study was to evaluate how effective tobacco tax increase has been in increasing price of tobacco products and reducing tobacco consumption in the Gambia. In addition, it tests the hypothesis that tobacco tax revenue grows while tobacco consumption decreases as a result of tax and price increase.
  
  
  
  The study is designed at the macroeconomic level to examine the import of tobacco products and revenue collected from tobacco taxation in a low-income setting.
  
  
  
  The participants of this study are the government officials employed in the Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs (MoFEA), the Gambia and the Gambia Revenue Authority, who are in charge of planning and implementing the tobacco tax policy in the Gambia.
  
  
  
  The study includes 2 consecutive interventions in tobacco tax policy in the Gambia. The first intervention was moving the tax base for the uniform specific excise tax on cigarettes from weight to pack of cigarettes in 2013. The second intervention involved increasing the excise and the environmental tax on tobacco products in 2014.
  
  
  
  The primary outcome measures were the cost, insurance and freight value and the price of tobacco products. The secondary outcome measures included the import of tobacco products and tobacco tax revenue.
  
  
  
  In 2013-2014, the Gambia MoFEA raised the specific excise rate, which increased price, reduced consumption and generated significantly more government revenue from tobacco products. This is a clear evidence of the win-win outcome of raising tobacco tax. In addition, the Gambia has set the example of harmonising tax rates between tobacco products that reduces the substitution between tobacco products.
  
  
  
  The Gambia presents the best practice in tobacco taxation. There is need for documenting more country-specific evidence on the win-win outcome of raising tobacco tax.
authors: American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors: Nigar
authors: N
authors: Nargis
authors: Gambia Revenue Authority, Banjul, The Gambia.
authors: Yahya
authors: Y
authors: Manneh
authors: Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs, Banjul, The Gambia.
authors: Bakary
authors: B
authors: Krubally
authors: Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs, Banjul, The Gambia.
authors: Baboucarr
authors: B
authors: Jobe
authors: World Health Organization, Brazzaville, Congo-Brazzaville.
authors: Ahmed E Ogwell
authors: AE
authors: Ouma
authors: World Health Organization, Brazzaville, Congo-Brazzaville.
authors: Noureiny
authors: N
authors: Tcha-Kondor
authors: World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors: Evan H
authors: EH
authors: Blecher
mesh_terms: D003132:Commerce / Q000639:trends*; D005714:Gambia; D006801:Humans; D012907:Smoking / Q000191:economics*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D013660:Taxes / Q000639:trends*; D019460:Tobacco Industry / Q000191:economics*
keywords: HEALTH ECONOMICS; PUBLIC HEALTH; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH