title: Symptoms of Cardiac Anxiety in Family Members of Intensive Care Unit Patients.
abstract: Studies have shown an association between intensive care unit environments and symptoms of psychological distress in family members of critically ill patients.
  
  
  
  To investigate levels of cardiac anxiety in family members of intensive care unit patients.
  
  
  
  From March 2012 to July 2013, on the third day after the patient's admission, 223 family members of 147 patients completed the Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire. A total score was calculated from 3 subscales: fear and worry about heart sensations, avoidance of activities reproducing cardiac symptoms, and heart-focused attention and monitoring of cardiac activity.
  
  
  
  Among the family members, 142 were women (63.7%) and 81 (36.3%) were men, 150 (67.3%) were married, and 37 (16.6%) were unemployed. Their mean score for overall cardiac anxiety was 1.11 (SD, 0.64), significantly higher (P < .001) than for the general Greek population. Although all 3 subscales scores were significantly higher than for the general population, the highest score was recorded for the avoidance subscale (mean, 1.77; SD, 0.68). The relationship to the patient had a significant effect on heart-focused attention (F5 = 3.51; P = .03). The mean score for patients' siblings (2.0; SD, 0.01) differed significantly (P = .02) from the mean for other family member groups. Older adults (P = .02) and married participants (P = .05) reported higher levels of fear and worry related to cardiac stimuli, and women further reported higher levels of cardioprotective avoidance behavior (P = .02).
  
  
  
  A noticeable number of family members of critical care patients had moderate to severe cardiac anxiety during the hospitalization of their relatives.
authors: Zoe Konstanti is a nursing educator and laboratory assistant, Nursing Department, Higher Technological Educational Institution of Epirus, Ioannina, Greece. Mary Gouva is an associate professor and Elena Dragioti is a psychologist, Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families and Health Professionals, Higher Technological Educational Institution of Epirus. Georgios Nakos is professor and head and Vasilios Koulouras is an associate professor, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
authors: Zoe
authors: Z
authors: Konstanti
authors: Zoe Konstanti is a nursing educator and laboratory assistant, Nursing Department, Higher Technological Educational Institution of Epirus, Ioannina, Greece. Mary Gouva is an associate professor and Elena Dragioti is a psychologist, Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families and Health Professionals, Higher Technological Educational Institution of Epirus. Georgios Nakos is professor and head and Vasilios Koulouras is an associate professor, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
authors: Mary
authors: M
authors: Gouva
authors: Zoe Konstanti is a nursing educator and laboratory assistant, Nursing Department, Higher Technological Educational Institution of Epirus, Ioannina, Greece. Mary Gouva is an associate professor and Elena Dragioti is a psychologist, Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families and Health Professionals, Higher Technological Educational Institution of Epirus. Georgios Nakos is professor and head and Vasilios Koulouras is an associate professor, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Dragioti
authors: Zoe Konstanti is a nursing educator and laboratory assistant, Nursing Department, Higher Technological Educational Institution of Epirus, Ioannina, Greece. Mary Gouva is an associate professor and Elena Dragioti is a psychologist, Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families and Health Professionals, Higher Technological Educational Institution of Epirus. Georgios Nakos is professor and head and Vasilios Koulouras is an associate professor, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
authors: Georgios
authors: G
authors: Nakos
authors: Zoe Konstanti is a nursing educator and laboratory assistant, Nursing Department, Higher Technological Educational Institution of Epirus, Ioannina, Greece. Mary Gouva is an associate professor and Elena Dragioti is a psychologist, Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families and Health Professionals, Higher Technological Educational Institution of Epirus. Georgios Nakos is professor and head and Vasilios Koulouras is an associate professor, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece. vpkoulouras@yahoo.gr bkoulou@cc.uoi.gr.
authors: Vasilios
authors: V
authors: Koulouras
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005195:Family Relations / Q000523:psychology; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult