title: Compensatory Renal Hypertrophy and the Uptake of Cysteine S-Conjugates of Hg2+ in Isolated S2 Proximal Tubular Segments.
abstract: Chronic kidney disease is characterized by a progressive and permanent loss of functioning nephrons. In order to compensate for this loss, the remaining functional nephrons undergo significant structural and functional changes. We hypothesize that luminal uptake of inorganic mercury (Hg2+), as a conjugate of cysteine (Cys; Cys-S-Hg-S-Cys), is enhanced in S2 segments of proximal tubules from the remnant kidney of uninephrectomized (NPX) rabbits. To test this hypothesis, we measured uptake and accumulation of Cys-S-Hg-S-Cys in isolated perfused S2 segments of proximal tubules from normal (control) and NPX rabbits. The remnant kidney in NPX rabbits undergoes significant hypertrophy during the initial 3 weeks following surgery. Tubules isolated from NPX rabbits were significantly larger in diameter and volume than those from control rabbits. Moreover, real-time PCR analyses of proximal tubules indicated that the expression of selected membrane transporters was greater in kidneys of NPX animals than in kidneys of control animals. When S2 segments from control and NPX rabbits were perfused with cystine or Cys-S-Hg-S-Cys, we found that the rates of luminal disappearance and tubular accumulation of Hg2+were greater in tubules from NPX animals. These increases were inhibited by the addition of various amino acids to the perfusate. Taken together, our data suggest that hypertrophic changes in proximal tubules lead to an enhanced ability of these tubules to take up and accumulate Hg2.
authors: Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, Georgia bridges_cc@mercer.edu.
authors: Christy C
authors: CC
authors: Bridges
authors: Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, Georgia.
authors: Delon W
authors: DW
authors: Barfuss
authors: Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, Georgia.
authors: Lucy
authors: L
authors: Joshee
authors: Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, Georgia.
authors: Rudolfs K
authors: RK
authors: Zalups
mesh_terms: D026923:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Basic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D026921:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D003545:Cysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006984:Hypertrophy; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009392:Nephrectomy; D027362:Organic Anion Transport Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009941:Organomercury Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D010477:Perfusion; D011817:Rabbits; D065608:Renal Reabsorption; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C494607:2-amino-3-(2-amino-2-carboxyethylsulfanyl-mercuricsulfanyl)-propionic acid; D026923:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Basic; D026921:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; D027362:Organic Anion Transport Protein 1; D009941:Organomercury Compounds; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D003545:Cysteine
keywords: chronic kidney disease; compensatory hypertrophy; mercury; proximal tubule; transport.