title: Molecular mechanisms of Ebola pathogenesis.
abstract: Ebola viruses (EBOVs) and Marburg viruses (MARVs) are among the deadliest human viruses, as highlighted by the recent and widespread Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa, which was the largest and longest epidemic of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in history, resulting in significant loss of life and disruptions across multiple continents. Although the number of cases has nearly reached its nadir, a recent cluster of 5 cases in Guinea on March 17, 2016, has extended the enhanced surveillance period to June 15, 2016. New, enhanced 90-d surveillance windows replaced the 42-d surveillance window to ensure the rapid detection of new cases that may arise from a missed transmission chain, reintroduction from an animal reservoir, or more important, reemergence of the virus that has persisted in an EVD survivor. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of EBOV pathogenesis, describe vaccine and therapeutic candidates in clinical trials, and discuss mechanisms of viral persistence and long-term health sequelae for EVD survivors.
authors: Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA.
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Rivera
authors: Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA messaoud@ucr.edu.
authors: Ilhem
authors: I
authors: Messaoudi
mesh_terms: D000354:Africa, Western; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000821:virology; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D046129:Ebola Vaccines; D029043:Ebolavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D006474:Hemorrhagic Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D019142:Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy / Q000635:transmission; D058507:Host Specificity; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008231:Lymphopenia / Q000209:etiology; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011159:Population Surveillance; D013045:Species Specificity; D014774:Virulence; D017735:Virus Latency
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D046129:Ebola Vaccines
keywords: Ebola survivors; Ebola vaccines; antivirals; immunoevasion; viral hemorrhagic fever