title: Differential gene expression in brain and peripheral tissues in depression across the life span: A review of replicated findings.
abstract: There is a growing body of research investigating the gene expression signature of depression at the genome-wide level, with potential for the discovery of novel pathophysiological mechanisms of depression. However, heterogeneity of depression, dynamic nature of gene expression patterns and various sources of noise have resulted in inconsistent findings. We systematically review the current state of transcriptome profiling of depression in the brain and peripheral tissues with a particular focus on replicated findings at the single gene level. By examining 16 brain regions and 5 cell types from the periphery, we identified 57 replicated differentially expressed genes in the brain and 21 in peripheral tissues. Functional overlap between brain and periphery strongly implicates shared pathways in a comorbid phenotype of depression and cardiovascular disease. The findings highlight dermal fibroblasts as a promising experimental model for depression biomarker research, provide partial support for all major theories of depression and suggest a novel candidate gene, PXMP2, which plays a critical role in lipid and reactive oxygen species metabolism.
authors: Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors: Liliana G
authors: LG
authors: Ciobanu
authors: Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia.
authors: Perminder S
authors: PS
authors: Sachdev
authors: Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia.
authors: Julian N
authors: JN
authors: Trollor
authors: Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia.
authors: Simone
authors: S
authors: Reppermund
authors: Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia.
authors: Anbupalam
authors: A
authors: Thalamuthu
authors: Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia.
authors: Karen A
authors: KA
authors: Mather
authors: School of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia.
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Cohen-Woods
authors: Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. Electronic address: bernhard.baune@Adelaide.edu.au.
authors: Bernhard T
authors: BT
authors: Baune
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain; D003863:Depression; D003866:Depressive Disorder; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D059467:Transcriptome
keywords: Depression; Genome-wide differential gene expression; Major depressive disorder; Transcriptome