title: Comparison of peri-implant clinical and radiographic inflammatory parameters and whole salivary destructive inflammatory cytokine profile among obese and non-obese men.
abstract: The aim of the present cross-sectional retrospective study was to compare the peri-implant clinical and radiographic inflammatory parameters and whole salivary destructive inflammatory cytokine profile among obese and non-obese men. Thirty-five obese and 37 non-obese men were included. Information regarding age, obesity, systemic health status, and habits was collected using a questionnaire. Clinical examination to evaluate peri-implant parameters and radiographic examination to assess marginal bone loss were conducted. Levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β in collected un-stimulated whole saliva were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data was statistically analyzed using Kruskal Wallis test. The mean scores of peri-implant bleeding on probing (P<0.05) and peri-implant probing depth (P<0.05) were significantly higher among obese compared with non-obese individuals. The mean marginal bone loss was also statistically significantly higher among individuals in the test-group compared with the control-group (P<0.05). Whole salivary IL-1β (P<0.001) and IL-6 (P<0.001) levels were significantly higher among individuals in the test-group compared with the control-group. Clinical and radiographic peri-implant inflammatory parameters were worse, and whole salivary IL-6 and IL-1β were higher in obese than non-obese subjects. Obese patients are at greater risk of peri-implant inflammation than non-obese healthy subjects. It is highly recommended that clinicians should educate obese patients seeking implant treatment regarding the association between obesity and peri-implant inflammation. In addition, obese patients with osseointegrated implants must follow strict oral hygiene regimen to prevent inflammation and maintain optimum peri-implant tissue health.
authors: Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Tariq
authors: T
authors: Abduljabbar
authors: Intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Faisal
authors: F
authors: Al-Sahaly
authors: Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, NY, USA.
authors: Sergio Varela
authors: SV
authors: Kellesarian
authors: College of Health Sciences, Barry University, Miami Shores, FL, USA.
authors: Tammy Varela
authors: TV
authors: Kellesarian
authors: Intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Mohammed
authors: M
authors: Al-Anazi
authors: Intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Mohammed
authors: M
authors: Al-Khathami
authors: Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, NY, USA.
authors: Fawad
authors: F
authors: Javed
authors: Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: fahimvohra@yahoo.com.
authors: Fahim
authors: F
authors: Vohra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; C508585:IL1B protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides
keywords: Bleeding on probing; Bone loss; Cytokine; Dental implant; Inflammation; Obesity