title: Factors affecting short- and long-term outcomes of manipulation under anaesthesia in patients with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study aimed to evaluate and determine the factors that affect short- and long-term outcome following manipulation under anaesthesia (MUA) of patients with adhesive capsulitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients recruited from January 1999 to January 2010 were retrospectively analyzed and classified as having primary or secondary adhesive capsulitis. All patients were assessed for range of movement (ROM) and Oxford Shoulder Scores (OSS) before and immediately postoperatively, as well as for OSS more than 1 year post MUA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 295 patients (315 shoulders) were sequentially recruited, and information was collected at baseline, as well as at a mean follow-up of 28 days and 3.6 years. A significant improvement in OSS and ROM was noted 1 month post MUA (p < 0.0001) with females benefiting more than males (p < 0.0025). Long-term follow-up revealed that the improvement in OSS was maintained (p < 0.0001). Secondary adhesive capsulitis significantly reduced the efficacy of MUA as assessed by ROM (p < 0.0001). Other factors (age, initial ROM and OSS, and length of symptoms prior to MUA) did not significantly affect the outcome over the short- or long-term.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of the present study show that all patient groups had a significantly improved ROM and OSS in the short-term with long-term maintenance of improved OSS.
authors: Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon, UK.
authors: Anthony A
authors: AA
authors: Theodorides
authors: Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon, UK.
authors: John M
authors: JM
authors: Owen
authors: School of Social and Community Based Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors: Adrian E
authors: AE
authors: Sayers
authors: Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon, UK; Ridgeway Hospital, Wroughton, Swindon, UK.
authors: David A
authors: DA
authors: Woods
keywords: Adhesive capsulitis; frozen shoulder; long-term; manipulation; outcome; primary; secondary; short-term