title: Wide-field optical mapping of neural activity and brain haemodynamics: considerations and novel approaches.
abstract: Although modern techniques such as two-photon microscopy can now provide cellular-level three-dimensional imaging of the intact living brain, the speed and fields of view of these techniques remain limited. Conversely, two-dimensional wide-field optical mapping (WFOM), a simpler technique that uses a camera to observe large areas of the exposed cortex under visible light, can detect changes in both neural activity and haemodynamics at very high speeds. Although WFOM may not provide single-neuron or capillary-level resolution, it is an attractive and accessible approach to imaging large areas of the brain in awake, behaving mammals at speeds fast enough to observe widespread neural firing events, as well as their dynamic coupling to haemodynamics. Although such wide-field optical imaging techniques have a long history, the advent of genetically encoded fluorophores that can report neural activity with high sensitivity, as well as modern technologies such as light emitting diodes and sensitive and high-speed digital cameras have driven renewed interest in WFOM. To facilitate the wider adoption and standardization of WFOM approaches for neuroscience and neurovascular coupling research, we provide here an overview of the basic principles of WFOM, considerations for implementation of wide-field fluorescence imaging of neural activity, spectroscopic analysis and interpretation of results.This article is part of the themed issue 'Interpreting BOLD: a dialogue between cognitive and cellular neuroscience'.
authors: Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Ma
authors: Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
authors: Mohammed A
authors: MA
authors: Shaik
authors: Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
authors: Sharon H
authors: 0000-0002-5044-5177
authors: SH
authors: Kim
authors: Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
authors: Mariel G
authors: MG
authors: Kozberg
authors: Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
authors: David N
authors: DN
authors: Thibodeaux
authors: Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
authors: Hanzhi T
authors: HT
authors: Zhao
authors: Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
authors: Hang
authors: H
authors: Yu
authors: Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA eh2245@columbia.edu.
authors: Elizabeth M C
authors: 0000-0001-5511-1451
authors: EM
authors: Hillman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats
keywords: GCaMP; fluorescence; haemodynamics; neurovascular coupling; optical imaging; spectroscopy