title: Laparoscopically assisted suprapubic surgery for adnexal tumors under epidural anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopically assisted surgery for benign ovarian tumors via a single suprapubic incision under epidural anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three patients underwent laparoscopically assisted surgery via a single suprapubic incision under epidural anesthesia. Types of surgery were classified as follows: type I - suprapubic incision surgery without laparoscopic support, type II - suprapubic incision surgery with laparoscopic support but without CO2inflation; and type III - suprapubic incision surgery with laparoscopic support and CO2inflation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Type I, II, and III procedures were performed on 16, 21, and six patients, respectively. Most patients (n = 35) were discharged on postoperative day 1 or 2. No surgical complication was encountered. Types of surgery exhibited different surgical characteristics. Type I was adopted for larger diameter tumors than types II or III (p = .016), whereas type III had a longer operative time (p = .024) than types I and II. Other characteristics, such as age, body mass index, and length of hospital stay, did not differ significantly among surgical types.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopically assisted surgery for adnexal tumors via a single suprapubic incision under epidural anesthesia is feasible and safe, and should be viewed as an alternative approach to conventional minimally invasive surgery.
authors: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Pusan National University School of Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital , Busan , Korea.
authors: Ki Hyung
authors: KH
authors: Kim
authors: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Pusan National University School of Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital , Busan , Korea.
authors: Yoon Hwa
authors: YH
authors: Kim
authors: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Pusan National University School of Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital , Busan , Korea.
authors: Ka Yeong
authors: KY
authors: Yun
authors: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Pusan National University School of Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital , Busan , Korea.
authors: Si Eun
authors: SE
authors: Han
authors: b Department of Anesthesiology , Pusan National University School of Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital , Busan , Korea.
authors: Eun Soo
authors: ES
authors: Kim
authors: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Pusan National University School of Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital , Busan , Korea.
authors: Byung Su
authors: BS
authors: Kwon
authors: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Pusan National University School of Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital , Busan , Korea.
authors: Dong Soo
authors: DS
authors: Suh
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000601:surgery*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D061646:Operative Time; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D047368:Tumor Burden; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Laparoscopically assisted; epidural anesthesia; suprapubic