title: The expanding world of DNA and RNA.
abstract: DNA and RNA are remarkable because they can both encode information and possess desired properties, including the ability to bind specific targets or catalyze specific reactions. Nucleotide modifications that do not interfere with enzymatic synthesis are now being used to bestow DNA or RNA with properties that further increase their utility, including phosphate and sugar modifications that increase nuclease resistance, nucleobase modifications that increase the range of activities possible, and even whole nucleobase replacement that results in selective pairing and the creation of unnatural base pairs that increase the information content. These modifications are increasingly being applied both in vitro and in vivo, including in efforts to create semi-synthetic organisms with altered or expanded genetic alphabets.
authors: Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors: Tingjian
authors: T
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors: Narupat
authors: N
authors: Hongdilokkul
authors: Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors: Zhixia
authors: Z
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors: Deepak
authors: D
authors: Thirunavukarasu
authors: Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA. Electronic address: floyd@scripps.edu.
authors: Floyd E
authors: FE
authors: Romesberg
mesh_terms: D020029:Base Pairing; D002384:Catalysis; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism*; D052156:SELEX Aptamer Technique
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D012313:RNA; D004247:DNA