title: Botulinum toxin type A in motor nervous system: unexplained observations and new challenges.
abstract: In the motor system, botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) actions were classically attributed to its well-known peripheral anticholinergic actions in neuromuscular junctions. However, the enzymatic activity of BoNT/A, assessed by the detection of cleaved synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25), was recently detected in motor and sensory regions of the brainstem and spinal cord after toxin peripheral injection in rodents. In sensory regions, the function of BoNT/A activity is associated with its antinociceptive effects, while in motor regions we only know that BoNT/A activity is present. Is it possible that BoNT/A presence in central motor nuclei is without any function? In this brief review, we analyze this question. Limited data available in the literature warrant further investigations of BoNT/A actions in motor nervous system.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 11, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia. ivica.matak@mef.hr.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Matak
authors: Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 11, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Lacković
authors: Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Centre, Clinical Medical Centre, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Relja
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009420:Nervous System / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A
keywords: Botulinum toxin type A; Central effect; Motor regions; Synaptosomal-associated protein 25