title: Bufei Yishen granules combined with acupoint sticking therapy suppress oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rats: Via regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma signaling.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is clinically used under the guidance of its unique theory system. Bufei Yishen (BY) granules, an oral Chinese herbal formula, is confirmed effective for treating the syndrome of lung-kidney qi deficiency in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Shu-Fei Tie ointment is another prescription for acupoint sticking (AS) therapy based on the theory of treating an internal disease by external treatment on proper acupoints. The beneficial effects of BY granules combined with Shu-Fei Tie have been proved in previous clinical trials. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study was initiated to explore the antioxidative mechanism of the integrated therapy of BY granules and acupoint sticking via regulating by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) signaling in a cigarette-smoke/bacterial exposure induced COPD rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were randomized into Control, Model, BY, AS, BY+AS and aminophylline (APL) groups. COPD rats were induced by cigarette-smoke and bacterial exposures, and were administrated with normal saline, BY granules, AS, BY+AS or aminophylline from week 9 and sacrificed at week 20. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and levels of methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined by hydroxylamine and thiobarbituric acid methods. The gene and protein expressions of PPARγ in the lung tissues were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum and BALF SOD decreased significantly in Model group (P<0.01), while MDA increased (P<0.01). Compared to COPD rats, serum SOD was higher in all treatment groups (P<0.01), and BALF SOD was higher in BY and BY+AS groups (P<0.01); serum and BALF MDA was lower in all treatment groups (P<0.01). Serum and BALF SOD was higher in BY+AS group than in AS group, while MDA was lower (P<0.05). BALF SOD increased in BY+AS group compared with APL group, while MDA decreased (P<0.05). PPARγ mRNA and protein and the phosphorylation of PPARγ (p-PPARγ) decreased in COPD rats (P<0.01), and increased in all treatment groups (P<0.01). PPARγ mRNA was higher in BY+AS group than in AS group (P<0.05), PPARγ and p-PPARγ were higher in BY+AS group than in AS and APL groups (P<0.05, P<0.01); PPARγ protein was higher in BY group than in APL group (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bufei Yishen granules, Shu-Fei Tie and their combination have beneficial effects in stable COPD, and can attenuate the oxidative stress, and the activation of PPARγ signaling might be involved in the underlying mechanisms, but there are no obvious synergistic effect of Bufei Yishen granules and Shu-Fei Tie.
authors: Institute for Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China; Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China; The Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Diseases Diagnostics, Treatment and New Drug Research and Development in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China. Electronic address: yuanfengtcm@126.com.
authors: Ya
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: The Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Diseases Diagnostics, Treatment and New Drug Research and Development in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Institute for Geriatrics, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China. Electronic address: yange0910@126.com.
authors: Yan-Ge
authors: YG
authors: Tian
authors: Institute for Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China; The Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Diseases Diagnostics, Treatment and New Drug Research and Development in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Institute for Geriatrics, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China. Electronic address: li_js8@163.com.
authors: Jian-Sheng
authors: JS
authors: Li
authors: Institute for Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China. Electronic address: dyq865239@163.com.
authors: Yu-Qiong
authors: YQ
authors: Dong
authors: Institute for Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China; The Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Diseases Diagnostics, Treatment and New Drug Research and Development in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China. Electronic address: wmh107hn@163.com.
authors: Ming-Hang
authors: MH
authors: Wang
authors: The Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Diseases Diagnostics, Treatment and New Drug Research and Development in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China. Electronic address: fengsx221@163.com.
authors: Su-Xiang
authors: SX
authors: Feng
authors: Institute for Geriatrics, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China. Electronic address: liheli90@163.com.
authors: Lin-Lin
authors: LL
authors: Li
authors: Institute for Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China. Electronic address: 13838149747@163.com.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Mao
authors: Institute for Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China. Electronic address: lucy6835@163.com.
authors: Li-Li
authors: LL
authors: Wang
authors: Institute for Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China. Electronic address: hnzyglyst@126.com.
authors: Shan
authors: S
authors: Luo
mesh_terms: D015669:Acupuncture Points; D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005260:Female; D008168:Lung / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010919:Placebos; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C574914:Bu-Fei-Yi-Shen; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010919:Placebos; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (PubChem CID:7071); Agarose (PubChem CID: 11966311).; Bufei Yishen granules; Ethanol (PubChem CID: 702); Formaldehyde (PubChem CID: 712); Hydroxylamine (PubChem CID: 787); Oxidative stress; PPARγ signaling; Phosphate-buffered saline (PubChem CID: 24978514); Sodium dodecyl sulfate (PubChem CID: 3423265); Thiobarbituric acid (PubChem CID: 2723628); Xylene (PubChem CID: 7237); acupoint sticking; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease