title: Gold Nanomaterials in Consumer Cosmetics Nanoproducts: Analyses, Characterization, and Dermal Safety Assessment.
abstract: Establishment of analytical methods of engineered nanomaterials in consumer products for their human and environmental risk assessment becomes urgent for both academic and industrial needs. Owing to the difficulties and challenges around nanomaterials in complex media, proper chemical separation and biological assays of nanomaterials from nanoproducts needs to be firstly developed. Herein, a facile and rapid method to separate and analyze gold nanomaterials in cosmetics is reported. Gold nanomaterials are successfully separated from different facial or eye creams and their physiochemical properties are analyzed by quantitative and qualitative state-of-the art techniques with high sensitivity or high spatial resolution. In turn, a protocol including quantification of gold by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and thorough characterization of morphology, size distribution, and surface property by electron microscopes, atomic force microscope, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope is developed. Subsequently, the preliminary toxicity assessment indicates that gold nanomaterials in cosmetic creams have no observable toxicity to human keratinocytes even after 24 h exposure up to a concentration of 200 μg mL-1. The environmental scanning electron microscope reveals that gold nanomaterials are mostly attached on the cell membrane. Thus, the present study provides a full analysis protocol for toxicity assessment of gold nanomaterials in consumer products (cosmetic creams).
authors: CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 11, Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
authors: Mingjing
authors: M
authors: Cao
authors: CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 11, Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
authors: Jiayang
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 11, Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
authors: Jinglong
authors: J
authors: Tang
authors: CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 11, Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China. chenchy@nanoctr.cn.
authors: Chunying
authors: C
authors: Chen
authors: CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 11, Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China. zhaoyl@nanoctr.cn.
authors: Yuliang
authors: Y
authors: Zhao
mesh_terms: D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D003358:Cosmetics; D006046:Gold / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D010316:Particle Size; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D006046:Gold
keywords: characterization; cosmetic creams; gold nanomaterials; separation; toxicity assessment