title: Comparing the effects of aromatherapy massage and inhalation aromatherapy on anxiety and pain in burn patients: A single-blind randomized clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anxiety and pain are recognized as major problems of burn patients; because pharmaceutical treatments for controlling anxiety and pain symptoms lead to complications and an increase in health costs, nonpharmacological nursing interventions were considered for this group of patients. This led to the present study aimed at comparing the effect of aromatherapy massage with inhalation aromatherapy for anxiety and pain in burn patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This single-blind clinical trial was carried out on 90 patients with burns <20%. Patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups, namely aromatherapy massage, inhalation aromatherapy, and control group. The patients assigned to the aromatherapy massage group received a massage for half an hour using a blend of lavender and almond oils, while a blend of rose and lavender aroma was used for the inhalation aromatherapy group. Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory was used for measuring anxiety and the visual analog scale (VAS) scale was used for measuring pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that three groups were equal in terms of demographics, disease characteristics, and scores of anxiety and pain at the baseline. The mean decreases of anxiety scores were -0.04±5.08, 6.33±12.55, and 6.43±10.60 in the control group, aromatherapy massage group, and inhalation group, respectively (p=0.007). The mean decrease of pain scores were -0.10±0.96, 1.70±1.84, and 0.97±1.56 in the control group, aromatherapy massage group, and inhalation group, respectively (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study results showed the positive effect of aromatherapy massage and inhalation aromatherapy compared with the control group in reducing both anxiety and pain of burn patients. Therefore, both interventions, which are inexpensive, and noninvasive nursing tasks can be proposed for alleviating anxiety and pain of burn patients.
authors: Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors: Alehe
authors: A
authors: Seyyed-Rasooli
authors: Drug Applied Research Center, Plastic Surgery, Department of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors: Feridoon
authors: F
authors: Salehi
authors: Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors: Asghar
authors: A
authors: Mohammadpoorasl
authors: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors: Sakineh
authors: S
authors: Goljaryan
authors: Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: Seyyediz@ymail.com.
authors: Zahra
authors: Z
authors: Seyyedi
authors: Mental Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors: Brian
authors: B
authors: Thomson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology; D019341:Aromatherapy / Q000379:methods*; D002056:Burns / Q000150:complications / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D001239:Inhalation; D007492:Iran; D008405:Massage / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anxiety; Aromatherapy; Burn; Pain; Randomized clinical trial