title: Long-Term Outcomes of Carotid Artery Stenting in Clinical Practice.
abstract: There is a lack of long-term data and data outside of controlled clinical trials in carotid artery stenting. Thus, we sought to evaluate the long-term effectiveness in stroke prevention by carotid artery stenting in a large number of patients in a real-world setting.
  
  
  
  The present work represents an all-comer registry with a strict, prospectively designed, follow-up protocol, including an independent pre- and postprocedural neurological assessment. Between November 1999 and March 2015, 1000 procedures in 901 patients were consecutively performed in a single center. Mean age was 71±9 years, and symptomatic stenosis was present in 262 patients (29.1%). The population was also characterized by a high comorbidity: 289 patients (32.1%) would have been excluded according to the CREST protocol (Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stent Trial). The median length of follow-up was 5.5 (interquartile range, 2.6-7.9) years and complete in 93% of the patients. The rate of the primary end point (composite of stroke, death, and myocardial infarction [major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular event] by day 30 plus ipsilateral stroke beyond 30 days) was 6.9% (9.9% in symptomatic versus 5.7% in asymptomatic patients; P=0.03). The rate was higher in CREST ineligible than in CREST eligible patients (11.4% versus 4.9%; P=0.001).
  
  
  
  Long-term stroke prevention by carotid artery stenting is effective in experienced centers. A high percentage of patients who would have been excluded from controlled clinical trials undergoes carotid artery stenting in daily clinical practice. However, these patients have a substantially higher risk for an acute major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular event.
authors: From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Internal Intensive Medicine, Staedtisches Klinikum München GmbH, Klinikum Neuperlach, Munich, Germany (H.M., S.S., R.H.-R., M.S., H.S., J.L.); and Department of Sociology, University of Tuebingen, Germany (H.W.). harald.mudra@klinikum-muenchen.de.
authors: Harald
authors: H
authors: Mudra
authors: From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Internal Intensive Medicine, Staedtisches Klinikum München GmbH, Klinikum Neuperlach, Munich, Germany (H.M., S.S., R.H.-R., M.S., H.S., J.L.); and Department of Sociology, University of Tuebingen, Germany (H.W.).
authors: Stephan
authors: S
authors: Staubach
authors: From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Internal Intensive Medicine, Staedtisches Klinikum München GmbH, Klinikum Neuperlach, Munich, Germany (H.M., S.S., R.H.-R., M.S., H.S., J.L.); and Department of Sociology, University of Tuebingen, Germany (H.W.).
authors: Ralph
authors: R
authors: Hein-Rothweiler
authors: From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Internal Intensive Medicine, Staedtisches Klinikum München GmbH, Klinikum Neuperlach, Munich, Germany (H.M., S.S., R.H.-R., M.S., H.S., J.L.); and Department of Sociology, University of Tuebingen, Germany (H.W.).
authors: Manuela
authors: M
authors: Segerer
authors: From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Internal Intensive Medicine, Staedtisches Klinikum München GmbH, Klinikum Neuperlach, Munich, Germany (H.M., S.S., R.H.-R., M.S., H.S., J.L.); and Department of Sociology, University of Tuebingen, Germany (H.W.).
authors: Henning
authors: H
authors: Strohm
authors: From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Internal Intensive Medicine, Staedtisches Klinikum München GmbH, Klinikum Neuperlach, Munich, Germany (H.M., S.S., R.H.-R., M.S., H.S., J.L.); and Department of Sociology, University of Tuebingen, Germany (H.W.).
authors: Hannes
authors: H
authors: Weber
authors: From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Internal Intensive Medicine, Staedtisches Klinikum München GmbH, Klinikum Neuperlach, Munich, Germany (H.M., S.S., R.H.-R., M.S., H.S., J.L.); and Department of Sociology, University of Tuebingen, Germany (H.W.).
authors: Jakob
authors: J
authors: Ledwoch
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017130:Angioplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000401:mortality; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology; D018579:Patient Selection; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: carotid artery diseases; carotid stenosis; endarterectomy, carotid; myocardial infarction; stents; stroke