title: Cells must express components of the planar cell polarity system and extracellular matrix to support cytonemes.
abstract: Drosophila dorsal air sac development depends on Decapentaplegic (Dpp) and Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) proteins produced by the wing imaginal disc and transported by cytonemes to the air sac primordium (ASP). Dpp and FGF signaling in the ASP was dependent on components of the planar cell polarity (PCP) system in the disc, and neither Dpp- nor FGF-receiving cytonemes extended over mutant disc cells that lacked them. ASP cytonemes normally navigate through extracellular matrix (ECM) composed of collagen, laminin, Dally and Dally-like (Dlp) proteins that are stratified in layers over the disc cells. However, ECM over PCP mutant cells had reduced levels of laminin, Dally and Dlp, and whereas Dpp-receiving ASP cytonemes navigated in the Dally layer and required Dally (but not Dlp), FGF-receiving ASP cytonemes navigated in the Dlp layer, requiring Dlp (but not Dally). These findings suggest that cytonemes interact directly and specifically with proteins in the stratified ECM.
authors: Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.
authors: Hai
authors: H
authors: Huang
authors: Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.
authors: Thomas B
authors: 0000-0002-6879-7066
authors: TB
authors: Kornberg
mesh_terms: D000400:Air Sacs / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000235:genetics; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000235:genetics; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D060227:Imaginal Discs / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014921:Wings, Animal / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011509:Proteoglycans; C098128:dally protein, Drosophila; C420997:dlp protein, Drosophila; C064196:dpp protein, Drosophila; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors
keywords: D. melanogaster; Heparan sulfate proteoglycan; cell biology; cytoneme; developmental biology; extracellular matrix; planar cell polarity; stem cells