title: Sensitive biomarker responses of the shrimp Palaemonetes argentinus exposed to chlorpyrifos at environmental concentrations: Roles of alpha-tocopherol and metallothioneins.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) at environmental concentrations on the shrimp Palaemonetes argentinus, a South American native species. Organisms were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of CPF (from 3.5 to 94.5ngCPFL(-1)) at laboratory conditions for 96h. A wide battery of biochemical responses including bioaccumulation, damage and defense biomarkers were measured in cephalothorax and abdomen of shrimp. The concentration of CPF was below the detection limit of the method in both body sectors (8ngCPFg(-1)ww), probably indicating fast biotransformation of the parental compound. Our results showed that CPF exposure inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity from 3.5ngCPFL(-1), a concentration below the suggested Argentinean guidelines for the protection of aquatic biota. Moreover, oxidative stress was evidenced by increased H2O2 content and increased levels of TBARs and carbonyl groups in proteins. The induction of antioxidant enzymes like catalase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase seems not be sufficient to prevent oxidative damages. In addition, the mobilization of α-tocopherol from abdomen to cephalothorax was observed and reported for the first time in non-reproductive condition. Likewise, a strong diminution of metallothioneins occurred in cephalothorax from the lowest CPF concentration while induction occurred from the same treatment in abdomen as an oxidative stress response. Finally, significant correlation between Integrated Biomarker Response values and exposure concentrations suggest the usefulness of P. argentinus as bioindicator of CPF exposure at concentrations as low as environmental ones.
authors: Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-CIBICI, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET, UNC, Haya de la Torre esq., Medina Allende, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
authors: Lidwina
authors: L
authors: Bertrand
authors: Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba-ICYTAC, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET, UNC, Av. Juan Filloy s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
authors: Magadalena Victoria
authors: MV
authors: Monferrán
authors: Université Catholique de l'Ouest, MMS EA2160, LUNAM Université, 3 Place André Leroy, BP10808, 49008 Angers Cedex 01, France.
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Mouneyrac
authors: Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-CIBICI, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET, UNC, Haya de la Torre esq., Medina Allende, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
authors: Rocio Inés
authors: RI
authors: Bonansea
authors: Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-CIBICI, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET, UNC, Haya de la Torre esq., Medina Allende, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
authors: Ramón
authors: R
authors: Asis
authors: Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-CIBICI, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET, UNC, Haya de la Torre esq., Medina Allende, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina. Electronic address: vame@fcq.unc.edu.ar.
authors: María Valeria
authors: MV
authors: Amé
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000633:toxicity*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D033541:Palaemonidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D007306:Insecticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D008668:Metallothionein; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol; D004390:Chlorpyrifos
keywords: Alpha tocopherol; Metallothioneins; Native species; Organophosphate insecticide; Oxidative stress; Palaemonetes argentinus