title: Typical pure nonequilibrium steady states and irreversibility for quantum transport.
abstract: It is known that each single typical pure state in an energy shell of a large isolated quantum system well represents a thermal equilibrium state of the system. We show that such typicality holds also for nonequilibrium steady states (NESS's). We consider a small quantum system coupled to multiple infinite reservoirs. In the long run, the total system reaches a unique NESS. We identify a large Hilbert space from which pure states of the system are to be sampled randomly and show that the typical pure states well describe the NESS. We also point out that the irreversible relaxation to the unique NESS is important to the typicality of the pure NESS's.
authors: Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Seikei University, Tokyo 180-8633, Japan.
authors: Takaaki
authors: T
authors: Monnai
authors: Department of Physics, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
authors: Kazuya
authors: K
authors: Yuasa