title: Response of perennial woody plants to seed treatment by electromagnetic field and low-temperature plasma.
abstract: Radiofrequency (5.28 MHz) electromagnetic radiation and low-temperature plasma were applied as short-term (2-15 min) seed treatments to two perennial woody plant species, including Smirnov's rhododendron (Rhododendron smirnowii Trautv.) and black mulberry (Morus nigra L.). Potential effects were evaluated using germination indices and morphometry. The results suggest that treatment with electromagnetic field stimulated germination of freshly harvested R. smirnowii seeds (increased germination percentage up to 70%), but reduced germination of fresh M. nigra seeds (by 24%). Treatment with low-temperature plasma negatively affected germination for R. smirnowii, and positively for M. nigra. The treatment-induced changes in germination depended on seed dormancy state. Longer-term observations revealed that the effects persisted for more than a year; however, even negative effects on germination came out as positive effects on plant morphometric traits over time. Treatments characterized as distressful based on changes in germination and seedling length increased growth of R. smirnowii after 13 months. Specific changes included stem and root branching, as well as increased leaf count and surface area. These findings imply that longer-term patterns of response to seed stressors may be complex, and therefore, commonly used stressor-effects estimates, such as germination rate or seedling morphology, may be insufficient for qualifying stress response. Bioelectromagnetics. 37:536-548, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors: Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
authors: Vida
authors: V
authors: Mildaziene
authors: Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
authors: Giedre
authors: G
authors: Pauzaite
authors: Kaunas Botanical Garden, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
authors: Asta
authors: A
authors: Malakauskiene
authors: Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
authors: Rasa
authors: R
authors: Zukiene
authors: Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
authors: Zita
authors: Z
authors: Nauciene
authors: B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus.
authors: Irina
authors: I
authors: Filatova
authors: B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus.
authors: Viktor
authors: V
authors: Azharonok
authors: B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus.
authors: Veronika
authors: V
authors: Lyushkevich
keywords: Morus nigra; Rhododendron smirnowii; germination; plant development; pre-sowing seed treatment