title: Impact of Phosphate, Potassium, Yeast Extract, and Trace Metals on Chitosan and Metabolite Production by Mucor indicus.
abstract: In this study the effects of phosphate, potassium, yeast extract, and trace metals on the growth of Mucor indicus and chitosan, chitin, and metabolite production by the fungus were investigated. Maximum yield of chitosan (0.32 g/g cell wall) was obtained in a phosphate-free medium. Reversely, cell growth and ethanol formation by the fungus were positively affected in the presence of phosphate. In a phosphate-free medium, the highest chitosan content (0.42 g/g cell wall) and cell growth (0.66 g/g sugar) were obtained at 2.5 g/L of KOH. Potassium concentration had no significant effect on ethanol and glycerol yields. The presence of trace metals significantly increased the chitosan yield at an optimal phosphate and potassium concentration (0.50 g/g cell wall). By contrast, production of ethanol by the fungus was negatively affected (0.33 g/g sugars). A remarkable increase in chitin and decrease in chitosan were observed in the absence of yeast extract and concentrations lower than 2 g/L. The maximum chitosan yield of 51% cell wall was obtained at 5 g/L of yeast extract when the medium contained no phosphate, 2.5 g/L KOH, and 1 mL/L trace metal solution.
authors: Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran. zahra.safaie@gmail.com.
authors: Zahra
authors: Z
authors: Safaei
authors: Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran. karimi@cc.iut.ac.ir.
authors: Keikhosro
authors: K
authors: Karimi
authors: Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås 50190, Sweden. akram.zamani@hb.se.
authors: Akram
authors: A
authors: Zamani
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D048271:Chitosan / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D005285:Fermentation; D007218:Industrial Microbiology / Q000379:methods*; D008670:Metals / Q000378:metabolism; D009089:Mucor / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates / Q000378:metabolism; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000378:metabolism; D015003:Yeasts / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D008670:Metals; D010710:Phosphates; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates; D014131:Trace Elements; D048271:Chitosan; D011188:Potassium
keywords: Mucor indicus; chitosan; ethanol; phosphate; potassium; trace metals; yeast extract