title: Racial and insurance disparities in the utilization of supportive care after inpatient admission for proximal humerus fracture.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Post-discharge supportive services such as home health assistance and rehabilitation or skilled nursing facilities are often utilized after inpatient care for fracture of the proximal humerus. It is unclear whether sociodemographic disparities exist in the utilization of post-hospital supportive care. The present study aimed to evaluate the individual and combined effects of race and insurance status on the utilization of supportive services after hospital admission for fracture of the proximal humerus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among the more than 40,000 patients with a proximal humerus fracture identified in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2008 to 2011), 85% were white, 7.7% were Hispanic and 7.0% were black. More black patients (19%) and Hispanic patients (15%) were uninsured compared to white patients (8.7%). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the effect of race/ethnicity and insurance status on the utilization of post-hospital supportive care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-nine percent of patients were discharged home, 13% went to home health care and 15% went to rehabilitation or skilled nursing facilities. Compared to white patients, Hispanic patients [odds ratio (OR) = 0.71; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.64 to 0.79] and black patients (OR = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.71 to 0.88) exhibited lower odds for the utilization of specialized post-hospital supportive services. Uninsured patients were significantly less likely to use post-discharge supportive services (OR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.33 to 0.42) compared to privately insured patients. Even when insured at levels comparable to whites, Hispanic and black patients tended to experience decreased rates of discharge to post-acute supportive care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The utilization of post-hospital supportive services varies by race, ethnicity and insurance status after an inpatient admission for proximal humerus fracture.
authors: Orthopaedic Hand and Upper Extremity Service, Yawkey Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Mariano E
authors: ME
authors: Menendez
authors: Orthopaedic Hand and Upper Extremity Service, Yawkey Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Ring
keywords: Discharge disposition; disparities; insurance; proximal humerus fracture; race; rehabilitation; supportive care