title: Assessing an imidazolium salt's performance as antifungal agent on a mouthwash formulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study demonstrates the development of a mouthwash formulation containing the imidazolium salt (IMS) 1-n-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C16MImCl), considering its stability and efficacy against Candida sp. Biofilm formation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A variety of in vitro test methods were applied, assessing contaminated acrylic resin strip specimens before and after applying the mouthwash formulations. The formulation using C16MImCl presented a similar antibiofilm activity to cetylpyridinium chloride one and a commercial mouthwash, but at a 10 times lower concentration. Scanning electron microscopy imaging demonstrated that the selected mouthwash preparation fully destroys the biofilm cells, while with the hypoallergenicity test no irritant effect was observed in ex vivo model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results presented herein indicate a high potential for imidazolium salts application as mouthwash agents that can eliminate Candida biofilm growth at very low concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates a new and effective antibiofilm formulation containing the IMS C16MImCl. These findings suggest the IMS' use as mouthwash formulations active ingredient against Candida biofilms on oral surfaces, as it outperforms the often used cetylpyridinium chloride at a 10 times lower concentration.
authors: Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.|Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors: V Z
authors: VZ
authors: Bergamo
authors: MackGraphe (Graphene and Nano-Material Research Center), Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil.|Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors: R K
authors: RK
authors: Donato
authors: Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors: M C
authors: MC
authors: Nemitz
authors: Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors: G A X
authors: GA
authors: Acasigua
authors: Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors: B S
authors: BS
authors: Selukar
authors: Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Lopes
authors: Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.|Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors: D F
authors: DF
authors: Dalla Lana
authors: Veterinary Medicine Course, Federal Institute of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors: M L
authors: ML
authors: Teixeira
authors: Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors: H F
authors: HF
authors: Teixeira
authors: Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors: H S
authors: HS
authors: Schrekker
authors: Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.|Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.|Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: Fuentefria
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C540044:1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D007093:Imidazoles; D009067:Mouthwashes
keywords: 
  Candida
  ; antibiofilm; antifungal; imidazolium salts; mouthwash