title: Speciation driven by hybridization and chromosomal plasticity in a wild yeast.
abstract: Hybridization is recognized as a powerful mechanism of speciation and a driving force in generating biodiversity. However, only few multicellular species, limited to a handful of plants and animals, have been shown to fulfil all the criteria of homoploid hybrid speciation. This lack of evidence could lead to the interpretation that speciation by hybridization has a limited role in eukaryotes, particularly in single-celled organisms. Laboratory experiments have revealed that fungi such as budding yeasts can rapidly develop reproductive isolation and novel phenotypes through hybridization, showing that in principle homoploid speciation could occur in nature. Here, we report a case of homoploid hybrid speciation in natural populations of the budding yeast Saccharomyces paradoxus inhabiting the North American forests. We show that the rapid evolution of chromosome architecture and an ecological context that led to secondary contact between nascent species drove the formation of an incipient hybrid species with a potentially unique ecological niche.
authors: Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, PROTEO, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, 1030 avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada.
authors: Jean-Baptiste
authors: JB
authors: Leducq
authors: Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, PROTEO, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, 1030 avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada.
authors: Lou
authors: L
authors: Nielly-Thibault
authors: Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, PROTEO, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, 1030 avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada.
authors: Guillaume
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5971-3337
authors: G
authors: Charron
authors: Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, PROTEO, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, 1030 avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada.
authors: Chris
authors: C
authors: Eberlein
authors: Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, PROTEO, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, 1030 avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada.
authors: Jukka-Pekka
authors: JP
authors: Verta
authors: Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada.
authors: Pedram
authors: P
authors: Samani
authors: Laboratory of Genetics, Genome Center of Wisconsin, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, J.F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
authors: Kayla
authors: K
authors: Sylvester
authors: Laboratory of Genetics, Genome Center of Wisconsin, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, J.F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
authors: Chris Todd
authors: CT
authors: Hittinger
authors: Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada.
authors: Graham
authors: G
authors: Bell
authors: Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, PROTEO, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, 1030 avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada.
authors: Christian R
authors: CR
authors: Landry
mesh_terms: D015825:Chromosomes, Fungal; D065928:Forests; D049810:Genetic Speciation; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D009656:North America; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D012440:Saccharomyces / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification