title: Maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by overweight and obesity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Overweight and obesity are associated with pregnancy complications and adverse perinatal outcomes, posing short and long-term risks for maternal and child health. This study evaluated maternal, delivery and neonatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by overweight and obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective cross-sectional study included 258 pregnant women. According to prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), participants were classified as normal weight, overweight, or obese. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test. Logistic regression was performed to calculate odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals (p < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most women ≥ 35 years old were overweight (22.7 %) and obese (27.6 %). Prepregnancy diabetes was significantly associated with obesity (15.7 %, p < 0.000). Obese women showed the lowest weight gain (9.6 ± 7.5Kg). Overweight and obese women practiced physical exercise more frequently (p = 0.010) than normal weight women. A greater proportion of obese mothers (13.4 %) had large for gestational age babies (p = 0.021), with higher thoracic circumference (33.6 ± 2.0 cm) and abdominal circumference (31.6 ± 2.3 cm). Obesity increased the risk of developing hypertension (OR = 7.0; 3.1-15.9), hyperglycemic disturbances (OR = 5.5; 2.9-10.6) and HbA1c ≥ 6.5 % (OR = 3.7; 1.2-11.1). The infants born to obese mothers had longer hospital stay (3.9 ± 3.9 days) (p = 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results confirm that obesity in pregnancy can lead to adverse outcomes, and underscore the importance of identifying and treating inadequate weight status during pregnancy.
authors: Graduate Program in Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - Unesp, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Joice Monaliza
authors: JM
authors: Vernini
authors: Graduate Program in Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - Unesp, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Jusciele Brogin
authors: JB
authors: Moreli
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - Unesp, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Claudia Garcia
authors: CG
authors: Magalhães
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - Unesp, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Roberto Antônio Araújo
authors: RAA
authors: Costa
authors: Graduate Program in Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - Unesp, São Paulo, Brazil.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - Unesp, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Marilza Vieira Cunha
authors: MVC
authors: Rudge
authors: Graduate Program in Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - Unesp, São Paulo, Brazil. calderon@fmb.unesp.br.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - Unesp, São Paulo, Brazil. calderon@fmb.unesp.br.
authors: Iracema Mattos Paranhos
authors: IMP
authors: Calderon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D046110:Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Maternal outcomes; Obesity; Overweight; Perinatal outcomes; Pregnancy