title: The effect of experimental osteoporosis on bone regeneration: part 2, proteomics results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify and describe protein expression in a Wistar rat calvarial critical size defect (CSD) model following treatment with guided bone regeneration in healthy and osteoporotic conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six 10-month-old female Wistar rats were used. Half of them were ovariectomized (OVX) and fed with a low-calcium diet to induce an osteoporotic-like status. In each animal of both groups, two 5-mm calvarial CSDs were treated with deproteinized bovine bone mineral graft particles and a bilayer collagen membrane. Six OVX and six control rats were randomly euthanized at 7, 14, and 30 days. One defect/animal was randomly chosen for proteomic analysis. Differently expressed proteins between the two groups were identified with matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 7 days, 29 and 27 proteins were, respectively, identified in the healthy and OVX animals. At 14 days, 103 proteins were detected in the healthy controls and 20 proteins in the OVX rats, while at 30 days, 31 and 75 proteins were identified, respectively. Only limited proteins known to play a role in the later stages of bone formation and maturation were identified within the animals 'proteomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The osseous formation process was quite immature even at 30 days of healing. An overexpression of inflammatory and stress response pathways was detected in the OVX animals, as well as a tendency toward a delayed maturation of the osseous wound and a reduced/delayed differentiation of osteoblast cell precursors.
authors: Centre for Clinical Oral Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK.|Periodontology Department, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Calciolari
authors: Centre for Adult Oral Health, Bart's & The London School of Dentistry & Medicine, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Mardas
authors: Department of Periodontology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Dereka
authors: Proteomics Research Unit, Centre of Basic Research II, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors: A K
authors: AK
authors: Anagnostopoulos
authors: Proteomics Research Unit, Centre of Basic Research II, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors: G T
authors: GT
authors: Tsangaris
authors: Centre for Clinical Oral Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Donos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D003094:Collagen; D005260:Female; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery*; D040901:Proteomics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen
keywords: computational biology; guided bone regeneration; osteoporosis postmenopausal; preclinical models; proteomics