title: Enuresis and overactive bladder in children: what is the relationship between these two conditions?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate clinical aspects associated with the presence of nocturnal enuresis (NE) in children with a diagnosis of overactive bladder (OAB).
  
  
  METHODS
  A data base of 200 children who were evaluated by a structured questionnaire was analysed retrospectively . OAB was defined as the presence of urinary urgency (n=183 cases) and/or daytime urinary incontinence associated with holding maneuvers (n=168 cases). Inclusion criteria were a confirmed diagnosis of OAB, age 5-16 years, and no anatomical or neurological alterations of the urinary tract. Patients were divided into enuretics and non-enuretics. The two groups were compared with respect to sex, age, skin color, presence urinary infection, urgency, urge incontinence, non-urge incontinence, pollakiuria, urinary dysfunction, nocturia, holding maneuvers, number of episodes of enuresis and bowel alterations. In a univariate analysis, the chi-square test was used to compare proportions, with p-values <0.05 being considered significant. A multivariate analysis was conducted to identify independent predictive factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Enuresis was diagnosed in 141/200 children. The two groups were similar with respect to sex, age and skin color. No difference was found in relation to urinary infection, non-urge incontinence, urinary dysfunction, nocturia, encopresis or constipation. The two groups were significantly different with regard to some symptoms related to OAB such as urgency (p=0.001), urge incontinency (p=0.001) and holding maneuvers (p=0.033). Following multivariate analysis, only holding maneuvers (p=0.022) remained as an independent predictive factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The only independent predictive factor for resolution of enuresis in children with OAB, as detected in the multivariate analysis, was holding maneuvers.
authors: Escola Bahia de Medicina e Saúde Pública - Pos - Graduação, Salvador, Brasil.
authors: Ariane Sampaio
authors: AS
authors: Sousa
authors: Escola Bahia de Medicina e Saúde Pública - Pos - Graduação, Salvador, Brasil.
authors: Maria Luisa
authors: ML
authors: Veiga
authors: Escola Bahia de Medicina e Saúde Pública - Pos - Graduação, Salvador, Brasil.
authors: Ana Aparecida N
authors: AA
authors: Braga
authors: Escola Bahia de Medicina e Saúde Pública - Pos - Graduação, Salvador, Brasil.
authors: Maria Clara
authors: MC
authors: Carvalho
authors: Departamento Urologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.
authors: Ubirajara
authors: U
authors: Barroso
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D053207:Diurnal Enuresis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Enuresis; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Incontinence