title: Risk of Hematoma in Patients With a Bleeding Risk Undergoing Cardiovascular Surgery With a Paravertebral Catheter.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to determine the risk of hematoma associated with thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study comprised 141 patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery with TPVB to relieve postoperative pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three patients were excluded and of the remaining 138, TPVB was performed in 135, ages 11 to 96 years, who either had a clotting abnormality or were on anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy. No paravertebral, epidural, or spinal hematoma was detected, and only 1 case of superficial bleeding was observed. The frequency of hematoma associated with TPVB in patients with a risk of bleeding undergoing cardiovascular surgery was calculated as 0% (95% confidence interval 0-2.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hematoma did not occur in patients at risk of bleeding who underwent cardiovascular surgery with TPVB for postoperative pain management. However, the risk and benefit in each case still must be considered carefully to determine whether TPVB is indicated.
authors: Branch of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan. Electronic address: kokitsu@anes.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors: Kenta
authors: K
authors: Okitsu
authors: Branch of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Iritakenishi
authors: Branch of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Mitsuo
authors: M
authors: Iwasaki
authors: Branch of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Tatsuyuki
authors: T
authors: Imada
authors: Branch of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Yuji
authors: Y
authors: Fujino
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D013504:Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006406:Hematoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: hematoma; nerve block; postoperative complications