title: Serological and molecular analysis on the relationships between type 2 diabetes mellitus and hepatitis B virus infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to further analyze the associations between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and to investigate the relationships between T2DM and the mutations within the HBV major hydrophilic region (MHR).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, 3,377 persons (338 T2DM patients and 3,039 non-diabetics) were randomly selected. HBsAg detection was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The HBV MHR was amplified, sequenced, and analyzed by nested PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The seroprevalence of HBsAg was 21.30% in T2DM patients (72/338), which was significantly higher than in non-diabetics (15.53%). Compared to persons without T2DM, the proportion of T2DM patients positive for HBsAg was significantly elevated in males, people > 55 years (p = 0.039), and people with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 24 kg/m2. Totally, 112 genotype B and 111 genotype C HBV sequences were isolated. No significant difference in HBV genotype distribution was observed between T2DM patients and non-diabetics. Compared to genotype C HBV-infected cases in non-diabetics, the amino acid substitution rates in the MHR were significantly higher in T2DM patients (p = 0.003). Moreover, seven HBV strains with stop codon mutations within the HBV S gene were identified: three from T2DM patients (5.45%) and four from non-diabetics (2.38%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In China, T2DM is significantly associated with chronic HBV infections and genotype C HBV MHR mutations. Being males, > 55 years of age, and ≥ 24 kg/m2 of BMI are the risk factors of HBV infection in T2DM patients.
authors: School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. zhuhuijuansd@163.com.
authors: Huijuan
authors: H
authors: Zhu
authors: Yiying
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Lugang
authors: L
authors: Yu
authors: Yunfang
authors: Y
authors: Xu
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Zhou
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Ding
authors: Aili
authors: A
authors: Wang
authors: Xingxiang
authors: X
authors: Liu
authors: Chen
authors: C
authors: Dong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens