title: Genome-wide methylation profile following prenatal and postnatal dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in pigs.
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine how prenatal and postnatal dietary omega-3 fatty acids alter white blood cell (leukocyte) DNA methylation of offspring. Fifteen gilts (n = 5 per treatment) were selected from one of three treatments: (i) control diet throughout gestation, lactation and nursery phase (CON); (ii) algal omega-3 fatty acid supplementation enriched in EPA and DHA (Gromega™) fed throughout gestation, lactation and nursery phase (Cn3); or (iii) Gromega™supplementation maternally, during gestation and lactation only, and control diet during the nursery phase (Mn3). At 11 weeks of age and after 8 weeks of post-weaning nursery feeding, buffy coat genomic DNA was subjected to methyl CpG binding protein sequencing. The methylation enriched profile mapped to 26% of the porcine genome. On chromosome 4, a 27.7-kb differentially methylated region downstream of RUNX1T1 was hypomethylated in the Mn3 and Cn3 groups by 91.6% and 85.0% respectively compared to CON pigs. Conversely, hypermethylation was detected in intergenic regions of chromosomes 4 and 12. Regulatory impact factor and differential hubbing methods were used to identify pathways that were coordinately regulated by methylation due to feeding EPA and DHA during pregnancy. Despite limited ability to detect differential methylation, we describe methods that allow the identification of coordinated epigenetic regulation that could not otherwise be detected from subtle single locus changes in methylation. These data provide evidence of novel epigenetic regulation by maternal and early life supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids that may have implications to growth and inflammatory processes.
authors: Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
authors: R L
authors: RL
authors: Boddicker
authors: Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Koltes
authors: Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
authors: E R
authors: ER
authors: Fritz-Waters
authors: Texas Advanced Computing Center, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78758-4497, USA.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Koesterke
authors: Department of Mathematics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Weeks
authors: Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Yin
authors: Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Mani
authors: Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Nettleton
authors: Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Reecy
authors: Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
authors: L H
authors: LH
authors: Baumgard
authors: JBS United, Sheridan, IN, 46069, USA.
authors: J D
authors: JD
authors: Spencer
authors: Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
authors: N K
authors: NK
authors: Gabler
authors: Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA. jwross@iastate.edu.
authors: J W
authors: JW
authors: Ross
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D019175:DNA Methylation; D021901:DNA, Intergenic / Q000235:genetics; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation; D011247:Pregnancy; D039401:Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000235:genetics*; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D021901:DNA, Intergenic; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3
keywords: DNA methylation; docosahexaenoic acid; eicosapentaenoic acid; epigenetics; maternal; swine