title: Association of Myopic Optic Disc Deformation with Visual Field Defects in Paired Eyes with Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Cross-Sectional Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association of myopia with the visual field (VF) defects in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) using paired eyes to eliminate the effect of unknown confounding factors that are diverse among individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred eighteen eyes of 59 subjects with myopia (spherical equivalent [SE] ≥ -2 diopter [D] and axial length ≥ 24.0 mm) whose intra-ocular pressure between paired eyes was similar and the mean deviation (MD) of the Humphrey VF test differed by more than 6 dB were included. Refractive errors (SE, axial length) and parameters associated with the papillary and parapapillary myopic deformation (tilt ratio, torsion angle, and β-zone parapapillary atrophy [PPA] area without Bruch's membrane) were measured in each eye. The paired eyes were divided into worse and better eyes according to the MD of the VF, and parameters were compared between them. Further, multiple linear regression analysis was performed to examine the correlation of the difference in various parameters with the MD difference between paired eyes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SE of all eyes was -6.39 ± 2.15 D (mean ± standard deviation) and axial length was 26.42 ± 1.07 mm. MD of the worse and better VF eyes were -13.56 ± 6.65 dB and -4.87 ± 5.32 dB, respectively. Eyes with worse VFs had significantly greater SE, axial length, tilt ratio, and PPA area without Bruch's membrane than those with better VFs (all P < 0.05). In multiple linear regression analysis, the difference of the MD between paired eyes was significantly correlated with the difference in the tilt ratio and PPA area without Bruch's membrane.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The myopic papillary and parapapillary deformations, but not refractive error itself, were related to the worse VF in paired eyes with OAG. This suggests that myopia influences the severity of the glaucomatous VF defects via structural deformation.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Sawada
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
authors: Masanori
authors: M
authors: Hangai
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
authors: Makoto
authors: M
authors: Ishikawa
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Yoshitomi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016570:Bruch Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009216:Myopia / Q000503:physiopathology; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000502:physiology; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology