title: Purple foliage coloration in tea (Camellia sinensis L.) arises from activation of the R2R3-MYB transcription factor CsAN1.
abstract: Purple foliage always appears in Camellia sinensis families; however, the transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis is unknown. The tea bud sport cultivar 'Zijuan' confers an abnormal pattern of anthocyanin accumulation, resulting in a mutant phenotype that has a striking purple color in young foliage and in the stem. In this study, we aimed to unravel the underlying molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthetic regulation in C. sinensis. Our results revealed that activation of the R2R3-MYB transcription factor (TF) anthocyanin1 (CsAN1) specifically upregulated the bHLH TF CsGL3 and anthocyanin late biosynthetic genes (LBGs) to confer ectopic accumulation of pigment in purple tea. We found CsAN1 interacts with bHLH TFs (CsGL3 and CsEGL3) and recruits a WD-repeat protein CsTTG1 to form the MYB-bHLH-WDR (MBW) complex that regulates anthocyanin accumulation. We determined that the hypomethylation of a CpG island in the CsAN1 promoter is associated with the purple phenotype. Furthermore, we demonstrated that low temperature and long illumination induced CsAN1 promoter demethylation, resulting in upregulated expression to promote anthocyanin accumulation in the foliage. The successful isolation of CsAN1 provides important information on the regulatory control of anthocyanin biosynthesis in C. sinensis and offers a genetic resource for the development of new varieties with enhanced anthocyanin content.
authors: College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors: Binmei
authors: B
authors: Sun
authors: College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors: Zhangsheng
authors: Z
authors: Zhu
authors: College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors: Panrong
authors: P
authors: Cao
authors: College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors: Hao
authors: H
authors: Chen
authors: College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors: Changming
authors: C
authors: Chen
authors: College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Zhou
authors: College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors: Yanhui
authors: Y
authors: Mao
authors: College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors: Jianjun
authors: J
authors: Lei
authors: College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors: Yanpin
authors: Y
authors: Jiang
authors: College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Meng
authors: College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors: Yingxi
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors: Shaoqun
authors: S
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D028241:Camellia sinensis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D010641:Phenotype; D010858:Pigmentation / Q000235:genetics; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D013662:Tea; D014157:Transcription Factors