title: Effects of different fatty acids composition of phosphatidylcholine on brain function of dementia mice induced by scopolamine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Phosphatidylcholine (PC), the major source of dietary choline, has been demonstrated to improve the capability of learning and memory in rodent and the amelioration of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on anti-aging and anti-oxidation is widely known as well. In this study, three kinds of PC were chose to demonstrate the role of different fatty acids composition on glycerol backbone in improving the brain function of mice induced by scopolamine which was used to impair cholinergic system and cause oxidative stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: model (M) group, control (Con) group, egg yolk lecithin (EL) group, squid PC (SQ-PC) group and sea cucumber PC (SC-PC) group. The intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine hydrobromide (5 mg/kg) was carried out on the 8(th) of group feeding and sustained daily until the end of test. Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the improvement of cognitive decline and the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AchE), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in brain were measured to assess the physiological changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In behavior test, the latency of PC groups was significantly reduced, while number of crossing the platform and time in target quadrant were increased in comparison with M group and the improvements of SQ-PC and SC-PC were better than that of EL (P < 0.05). Similar trend was observed in physiological changes. The AchE activity was effectively decreased and the SOD activity increased in hippocampus, cortex and white matter when comparing PC groups with M group. SQ-PC, SC-PC and EL respectively showed 22.82, 28.80 and 11.81 % decrease in MDA level in brain compared with M group. The MAO activity in white matter of SQ-PC, SC-PC and EL group separately depressed 33.05, 33.64 and 19.73 % in comparison with M group. No significance between SQ-PC and SC-PC was found in these indicators except the SOD activity in hippocampus and white matter. SQ-PC group had a higher SOD activity in hippocampus (103.68U/mg · prot.) and lower in white matter (120.57 U/mg · prot.) than SC-PC group (95.53 U/mg · prot. in hippocampus, 134.49 U/mg · prot. in white matter). PC rich in n-3 PUFA acted more ameliorative effects than that barely contained on the indicators above.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different fatty acids composition of PC all could diminish the cognitive decline and biological damage and protect the brain. EPA and DHA partly enhaced to the advantageous effects.
authors: College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, NO. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shangdong Province, 266003, People's Republic of China.
authors: Miao-Miao
authors: MM
authors: Zhou
authors: College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, NO. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shangdong Province, 266003, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Xue
authors: Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital (Group), NO. 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao, Shangdong Province, 266011, People's Republic of China.
authors: Shu-Hong
authors: SH
authors: Sun
authors: College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, NO. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shangdong Province, 266003, People's Republic of China.
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Wen
authors: College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, NO. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shangdong Province, 266003, People's Republic of China.
authors: Zhao-Jie
authors: ZJ
authors: Li
authors: College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, NO. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shangdong Province, 266003, People's Republic of China.
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Xu
authors: College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, NO. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shangdong Province, 266003, People's Republic of China.
authors: Jing-Feng
authors: JF
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Welfare Sciences, Nishikyushu University, 4490-9 Ozaki, Kanzaki, Saga, 842-8585, Japan.
authors: Teruyoshi
authors: T
authors: Yanagita
authors: College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, NO. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shangdong Province, 266003, People's Republic of China. wangyuming@ouc.edu.cn.
authors: Yu-Ming
authors: YM
authors: Wang
authors: College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, NO. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shangdong Province, 266003, People's Republic of China. xuech@ouc.edu.cn.
authors: Chang-Hu
authors: CH
authors: Xue
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D049832:Decapodiformes / Q000737:chemistry; D003704:Dementia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000178:diet therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004530:Egg Yolk / Q000737:chemistry; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000633:toxicity*; D012616:Sea Cucumbers / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D012601:Scopolamine; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase
keywords: Antioxidant; Cholinergic system; Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; Phosphatidylcholine