title: Rhinovirus Infections in the First 2 Years of Life.
abstract: Rhinoviruses frequently cause respiratory infections in young children. We aimed to establish the burden of acute respiratory infections caused by rhinovirus during the first 2 years of life.
  
  
  
  In this prospective birth cohort study, we followed 923 children for acute respiratory infections from birth to 2 years of age. Data on respiratory infections were collected by daily symptom diaries, study clinic visits, and from electronic registries. Respiratory viruses were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and antigen assays during respiratory infections and at the age of 2, 13, and 24 months. The rates of rhinovirus infections and associated morbidities were determined.
  
  
  
  We documented 8847 episodes of acute respiratory infections, with an annual rate of 5.9 per child (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.7-6.1). Rhinovirus was detected in 59% of acute respiratory infections analyzed for viruses. Rhinovirus was associated with 50% of acute otitis media episodes, 41% of wheezing illnesses, 49% of antibiotic treatments, and 48% of outpatient office visits for acute respiratory infections. The estimated mean annual rate of rhinovirus infections was 3.5 per child (95% CI, 3.3-3.6), 47 per 100 children (95% CI, 42-52) for rhinovirus-associated acute otitis media, and 61 per 100 children (95% CI, 55-68) for rhinovirus-associated antibiotic treatment. The prevalence of rhinovirus at 2, 13, or 24 months of age was 14 to 24%, and 9% of asymptomatic children were positive for rhinovirus.
  
  
  
  Rhinovirus infections impose a major burden of acute respiratory illness and antibiotic use on young children.
authors: Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku Institute for Child and Youth Research, and.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Toivonen
authors: Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku Institute for Child and Youth Research, and.
authors: Linnea
authors: L
authors: Schuez-Havupalo
authors: Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku Institute for Child and Youth Research, and.
authors: Sinikka
authors: S
authors: Karppinen
authors: Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku Institute for Child and Youth Research, and.
authors: Tamara
authors: T
authors: Teros-Jaakkola
authors: Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku Institute for Child and Youth Research, and.
authors: Maris
authors: M
authors: Rulli
authors: Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku Institute for Child and Youth Research, and.
authors: Jussi
authors: J
authors: Mertsola
authors: Department of Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors: Matti
authors: M
authors: Waris
authors: Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku Institute for Child and Youth Research, and ville.peltola@utu.fi.
authors: Ville
authors: V
authors: Peltola
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002656:Child Day Care Centers; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009819:Office Visits / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012135:Respiratory Sounds; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents