title: The effect of ultrasound for increasing neural differentiation in hBM-MSCs and inducing neurogenesis in ischemic stroke model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study's purpose was to evaluate the effect of ultrasound in air at a frequency of 0.04MHz and an intensity of 50mW/cm2on neural differentiation of hBM-MSCs in vitro and on neurogenesis in an ischemic stroke model.
  
  
  METHODS
  hBM-MSCs were exposed to 0.04MHz ultrasound and then compared with no exposed one in cell morphology, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, RT-PCR, and Western blot. In addition, we made stroke model mice by means of the photothrombosis (PT) method and these models were exposed to 0.04MHz ultrasound after hBM-MSCs injection. We compared with sham group in histological and immunohistochemical analysis and western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ultrasound induced neural differentiation without cell death. In stroke models, inflammatory cells were observed around the infarct area in the Cell, Cell/Ultrasound group and the brain infarct volume in the Cell/Ultrasound group was smaller than in the sham group. Further, the expression of neural proteins in the Cell/Ultrasound group was increased relative to the sham group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study showed that ultrasound promotes neural differentiation of hBM-MSC and neurogenesis in a mouse stroke model. This may be applicable as a therapeutic device with the aim of inducing neurogenesis following stroke.
authors: Department of Medical Biotechnology (BK21 plus team), Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Sang-Eun
authors: SE
authors: Cho
authors: Department of Medical Biotechnology (BK21 plus team), Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yu-Mi
authors: YM
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Medical Biotechnology (BK21 plus team), Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jong-Seob
authors: JS
authors: Jeong
authors: Department of Medical Biotechnology (BK21 plus team), Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: bioseo@dongguk.edu.
authors: Young-Kwon
authors: YK
authors: Seo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D055495:Neurogenesis; D014465:Ultrasonics
keywords: Neurogenesis; Stroke model; Ultrasound; hBM-MSCs