title: Evaluation of the potential health risks of substances migrating from polycarbonate replacement baby bottles.
abstract: Since the European Commission prohibited the use of bisphenol A in the production of polycarbonate (PC) baby bottles, many other materials have replaced PC for the manufacture of this type of food contact materials. In the present study, the potential migration risks associated with these alternative materials were investigated. First, all substances were evaluated for endocrine disruptive (ED) activity by using different existing lists of (suspected) ED chemicals. Next, the potential non-ED risks were assessed. A distinction was made between migrants listed in Annex I of European Regulation 10/2011 and the unlisted substances (e.g. non-intentionally added substances). For the listed substances, concentrations in the migration solutions were compared to their respective specific migration limits (SML) (when applicable). Migration of all substances was shown to be below their SML. The unlisted substances were evaluated using toxicological information from previous evaluations, or if not available, by applying the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) approach. In case the estimated exposure to the unlisted substance exceeded the human exposure TTC value, a more indepth risk assessment was performed. Based on the results of both parts of the study, four baby bottles were considered of high concern because of the potential toxicity of migrating compounds.
authors: Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: birgit.mertens@wiv-isp.be.
authors: Birgit
authors: B
authors: Mertens
authors: Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium.
authors: Els
authors: E
authors: Van Hoeck
authors: Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium.
authors: Marie-Noëlle
authors: MN
authors: Blaude
authors: Department of Food Science, University of Liège - FARAH-Veterinary Public Health, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 10, Sart Tilman B43bis, Liège, Belgium.
authors: Coraline
authors: C
authors: Simon
authors: Toxicological Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium.
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Onghena
authors: Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Bd de la plaine 2, Ixelles, Belgium.
authors: Tara
authors: T
authors: Vandermarken
authors: Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Bd de la plaine 2, Ixelles, Belgium.
authors: Kersten
authors: K
authors: Van Langenhove
authors: CODA-CERVA, Department of Chemical Safety of the Food Chain, Leuvensesteenweg, 17, Tervuren, Belgium.
authors: Heidi
authors: H
authors: Demaegdt
authors: CODA-CERVA, Department of Chemical Safety of the Food Chain, Leuvensesteenweg, 17, Tervuren, Belgium.
authors: Karin
authors: K
authors: Vandermeiren
authors: Toxicological Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium.
authors: Adrian
authors: A
authors: Covaci
authors: Department of Food Science, University of Liège - FARAH-Veterinary Public Health, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 10, Sart Tilman B43bis, Liège, Belgium.
authors: Marie-Louise
authors: ML
authors: Scippo
authors: Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Bd de la plaine 2, Ixelles, Belgium.
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Elskens
authors: Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium.
authors: Joris
authors: J
authors: Van Loco
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000633:toxicity; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D001903:Bottle Feeding / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D010969:Plastics / Q000737:chemistry*; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D010636:Phenols; D010968:Plasticizers; D010969:Plastics; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement; D011108:Polymers; C005506:polycarbonate; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Bisphenol A; Endocrine disruptors; Food contact materials; Migration; Risk assessment; Threshold of toxicological concern