title: Differential diagnosis and evaluation in pediatric inflammatory demyelinating disorders.
abstract: Major advances have been made in the clinical and radiologic characterization of children presenting with the different forms of an acquired inflammatory demyelinating syndrome (ADS) such as acute disseminating encephalomyelitis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, and clinically isolated syndromes. Nevertheless, a proportion of cases that present with similar symptoms are due to a broad spectrum of other inflammatory disorders affecting the white matter, primary CNS tumors, or neurometabolic diseases. The clinician therefore has to be aware of the different forms of ADS, the risk factors for a chronic-relapsing course, and features that indicate an alternative diagnosis. The goal of this article is therefore to provide an outline of a pathway for evaluating pediatric patients with a presumed inflammatory demyelinating disorder and discussing the spectrum of the more common differential diagnoses.
authors: From the Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), Children's Hospital Datteln, University Witten/Herdecke, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.B.-K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neurology (S.V.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada; Pediatric Neurology (C.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and National Reference Center for Inflammatory Diseases of the Brain (M.T.), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, University Paris-Sud, France. k.rostasy@kinderklinik-datteln.de.
authors: Kevin
authors: K
authors: Rostasy
authors: From the Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), Children's Hospital Datteln, University Witten/Herdecke, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.B.-K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neurology (S.V.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada; Pediatric Neurology (C.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and National Reference Center for Inflammatory Diseases of the Brain (M.T.), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, University Paris-Sud, France.
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Bajer-Kornek
authors: From the Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), Children's Hospital Datteln, University Witten/Herdecke, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.B.-K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neurology (S.V.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada; Pediatric Neurology (C.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and National Reference Center for Inflammatory Diseases of the Brain (M.T.), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, University Paris-Sud, France.
authors: Sunita
authors: S
authors: Venkateswaran
authors: From the Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), Children's Hospital Datteln, University Witten/Herdecke, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.B.-K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neurology (S.V.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada; Pediatric Neurology (C.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and National Reference Center for Inflammatory Diseases of the Brain (M.T.), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, University Paris-Sud, France.
authors: Cheryl
authors: C
authors: Hemingway
authors: From the Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), Children's Hospital Datteln, University Witten/Herdecke, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.B.-K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neurology (S.V.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada; Pediatric Neurology (C.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and National Reference Center for Inflammatory Diseases of the Brain (M.T.), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, University Paris-Sud, France.
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Tardieu
mesh_terms: D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010372:Pediatrics