title: Frequency of Dental Implants Placed in the Esthetic Zone in Dental Clinic of Tehran University: A Descriptive Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anterior maxilla, known as the esthetic zone, plays an important role in facial and smile esthetics. This study assessed the frequency of implant treatments in the esthetic zone of patients presenting to Dental Implant Department of Tehran University during 2002-2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  This descriptive study was conducted on dental records of patients receiving implant treatment during 2002-2012. Patient records were retrieved from the archives and patient demographics, implant characteristics, failure rate, prevalence of complications and implant systems were collected. The data were reported as frequency and percentage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of a total of 2,381 implants placed in the mentioned time period, 492 (20.8%) had been placed in the anterior maxilla and 531 (22.3%) had been placed in the anterior mandible from canine to canine. Timing of implant placement was immediate in 12.0%, early in 0.5% and late in 87.4%. Survival rate was 99.1%. Rate of failure was 0.8%. Failure rate was 0.4% in the maxillary and 1.1% in the mandibular canine to canine region. Complications were reported in 10.1% of patients. Rate of complications was 18.3% in the maxillary canine to canine, 8.9% in the mandibular canine to canine, 18.1% in the maxillary first premolar to first premolar and 9.5% in the mandibular first premolar to first premolar. The frequency of bone grafts placed in these areas was 17.6%, 33.9%, 13.6%, 32.1% and 14.3%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Of implants placed in our center, around 20% were in the anterior maxilla, and delayed implant placement was the most commonly adopted technique.
authors: Associate Professor, Dental Implant Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Amir Alireza
authors: AA
authors: Rasouli Ghahroudi
authors: Dental Student, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Homayouni
authors: Professor, Dental Implant Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Amir Reza
authors: AR
authors: Rokn
authors: Dental Student, International Branch of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Fatemeh
authors: F
authors: Kia
authors: Epidemiologist, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran, Iran; Statistical and Methodology Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Mohammad Javad
authors: MJ
authors: Kharazifard
authors: Associate Professor, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Afshin
authors: A
authors: Khorsand
keywords: Dental Implant; Esthetic Zone; Frequency