title: HLA and Delayed Drug-Induced Hypersensitivity.
abstract: Delayed drug allergy reactions (DDAR) are potentially fatal. Certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles have been associated with delayed allergy reactions following the administration of particular drugs. Examples are HLA-B*57:01 (abacavir), HLA-B*15:02/HLA-A*31:01 (carbamazepine), and HLA-B*58:01 (allopurinol). Based on the identification of these associations, it may now be possible to prevent certain allergy reactions that were, until recently, considered unpredictable. In this review, we will focus on the pharmacogenetics of the best-studied associations between specific HLA alleles and delayed allergy reactions and describe the pathogenesis models proposed so far. Finally, we will evaluate the genetic screening strategies available and discuss the clinical relevance of a better understanding of the immunogenetics and mechanisms involved in DDAR.
authors: Laboratory of Immunology, Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors: Bernardo
authors: B
authors: Sousa-Pinto
authors: Cláudia
authors: C
authors: Correia
authors: Lídia
authors: L
authors: Gomes
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Gil-Mata
authors: Luís
authors: L
authors: Araújo
authors: Osvaldo
authors: O
authors: Correia
authors: Luís
authors: L
authors: Delgado
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D063926:Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006241:Haptens / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism; D013262:Stevens-Johnson Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D014780:Viruses / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D006680:HLA Antigens; D006241:Haptens; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic