title: Advances in Surgical Treatment of Congenital Airway Disease.
abstract: Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) is frequently present in infants and children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Infants with CHD and TBM appear to do worse than those without TBM. The principle of operative intervention for TBM is to improve function of the airway and clinical status. When indicated, conventional surgical options include tracheostomy, aortopexy, tracheoplasty, and anterior tracheal suspension. There is no consensus on the optimal treatment of severe tracheobonchomalacia, which can be associated with a mortality rate as high as 80%. Congenital tracheal stenosis is also frequently associated with CHD (vascular rings, atrioventricular canal defects, and septal defects) and may require concomitant repair. Repair of tracheal stenosis is often associated with distal TBM. This article addresses new techniques that can be performed in corrective surgery for both TBM and congenital tracheal stenosis.
authors: Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
authors: William S
authors: WS
authors: Ragalie
authors: Department of Surgery, Children׳s Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
authors: Michael E
authors: ME
authors: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D001980:Bronchi / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D019616:Thoracic Surgical Procedures / Q000266:history / Q000639:trends; D014132:Trachea / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D055089:Tracheobronchomalacia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: anterior tracheal suspension; aortopexy; bioresorbable airway splint; congenital heart disease; three-dimensional printing; tracheal reconstruction; tracheobronchomalacia