title: Relationship between amputation and risk factors in individuals with diabetes mellitus: A study with Brazilian patients.
abstract: Individuals with diabetes develop lower extremity amputation for several reasons. Investigations into pathways to the development of complications are important both for treatment and prevention.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the relationship between amputation and risk factors in people with diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  All participants included in this study (n=165) were recruited from the Diabetic Foot Program, developed in a Brazilian University, over seven years (2007-2014) and all information for this study was extracted from their clinical records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of amputation in patients with diabetes with four risk factors was up to 20% higher when compared to those with only one risk factor. The main predictive risk factors for amputation in this population were the presence of an ulcer and smoking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk factors for amputation can be predicted for people with diabetes mellitus and, in the present study, the main factors were the presence of an ulcer and the smoking habit.
authors: Postgraduate Program in Science Motricity, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: leka_indy@hotmail.com.
authors: Alessandra M
authors: AM
authors: Mantovani
authors: Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
authors: Cristina E P T
authors: CE
authors: Fregonesi
authors: Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy. Faculty of Science and Tecnology, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
authors: Mariana R
authors: MR
authors: Palma
authors: Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy. Faculty of Science and Tecnology, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
authors: Fernanda E
authors: FE
authors: Ribeiro
authors: Postgraduate Program in Science Motricity, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil; Professor of Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Science and Tecnology, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
authors: Rômulo A
authors: RA
authors: Fernandes
authors: Postgraduate Program in Science Motricity, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil; Professor of Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Science and Tecnology, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
authors: Diego G D
authors: DG
authors: Christofaro
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000671:Amputation, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014456:Ulcer / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Amputation; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetic foot; Diabetic neuropathy; Risk factor