title: 25 Hydroxyvitamin D Deficiency and Its Relationship to Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in the Elderly.
abstract: Low 25(OH) vitamin D levels have been associated with several autoimmune diseases and recently with autoimmune thyroiditis (AT). The aim of the study was to investigate the association of AT with low 25(OH) vitamin D levels in the elderly.
  
  
  
  One hundred sixty-eight elderly subjects (mean age: 81.6 ± 9.4 years) were enrolled. Serum levels of 25(OH) vitamin D, anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO-Ab), anti-thyroglobulin (TG-Ab) antibodies, free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured.
  
  
  
  The prevalence of AT was significantly higher in subjects with vitamin D deficiency (25(OH) vitamin D < 20 ng/mL) when compared with subjects with normal 25(OH) vitamin D (25(OH) vitamin D ≥ 20 ng/mL) levels (28% vs. 8%, respectively, p = 0.002). Patients with AT and vitamin D deficiency had a comparable hormonal profile compared to patients with AT and vitamin D sufficiency in terms of TSH (p = 0.39), FT3 (p = 0.30), FT4 (p = 0.31), TG-Ab (0.44) and TPO-Ab (0.35). Interestingly, a significant correlation between 25(OH) vitamin D and TPO-Ab (r = -0.27, p = 0.03) and FT3 (r = 0.35, p = 0.006) has been found in subjects with AT while no correlation was found between 25(OH) vitamin D levels and TG-Ab (r = -0.15, p = 0.25), TSH (r = -0.014, p = 0.09) and FT4 (r = 0.13, p = 0.32).
  
  
  
  These findings suggest that vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with AT in the elderly. Therefore, the screening for AT should be suggested in subjects with vitamin D deficiency.
authors: I.O.S. & COLEMAN Srl, Via Alcide De Gasperi, 107,109,111, Acerra (NA) 80011, Italy. giovanna.muscogiuri@gmail.com.
authors: Giovanna
authors: G
authors: Muscogiuri
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Via Della Commenda 9/12, Milan 20122, Italy. daniela.mari@unimi.it.|Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace, 9, Milan 20122, Italy. daniela.mari@unimi.it.
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Mari
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Via Della Commenda 9/12, Milan 20122, Italy. prolo@libero.it.|Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace, 9, Milan 20122, Italy. prolo@libero.it.
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Prolo
authors: Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Piazzale Brescia 20, Milan 20149, Italy. l.fatti@auxologico.it.
authors: Letizia M
authors: LM
authors: Fatti
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Via Della Commenda 9/12, Milan 20122, Italy. celeste.cantone@gmail.com.
authors: Maria Celeste
authors: MC
authors: Cantone
authors: Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, Bologna 40126, Italy. paolo.garagnani2@unibo.it.|Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani" (C.I.G.), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, Bologna 40126, Italy. paolo.garagnani2@unibo.it.
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Garagnani
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Via Della Commenda 9/12, Milan 20122, Italy. beatrice.arosio@unimi.it.|Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace, 9, Milan 20122, Italy. beatrice.arosio@unimi.it.
authors: Beatrice
authors: B
authors: Arosio
authors: IRCCS SDN, Napoli Via Gianturco 113, Naples 80143, Italy. cdisomma@unina.it.
authors: Carolina
authors: C
authors: Di Somma
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Via Della Commenda 9/12, Milan 20122, Italy. giovanni.vitale@unimi.it.|Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Via Zucchi 18, Cusano Milanino (MI) 20095, Italy. giovanni.vitale@unimi.it.
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: Vitale
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D033862:Iron-Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D013954:Thyroglobulin / Q000097:blood; D013967:Thyroiditis, Autoimmune / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D001324:Autoantigens; D033862:Iron-Binding Proteins; C006606:anti-thyroglobulin; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D014807:Vitamin D; D013972:Thyrotropin; D013954:Thyroglobulin; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D; C056658:TPO protein, human; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase; D013974:Thyroxine
keywords: autoimmune thyroid disease; elderly; environment; lifestyle; vitamin D