title: Superhydrophilic-Superhydrophobic Patterned Surfaces as High-Density Cell Microarrays: Optimization of Reverse Transfection.
abstract: High-density microarrays can screen thousands of genetic and chemical probes at once in a miniaturized and parallelized manner, and thus are a cost-effective alternative to microwell plates. Here, high-density cell microarrays are fabricated by creating superhydrophilic-superhydrophobic micropatterns in thin, nanoporous polymer substrates such that the superhydrophobic barriers confine both aqueous solutions and adherent cells within each superhydrophilic microspot. The superhydrophobic barriers confine and prevent the mixing of larger droplet volumes, and also control the spreading of droplets independent of the volume, minimizing the variability that arises due to different liquid and surface properties. Using a novel liposomal transfection reagent, ScreenFect A, the method of reverse cell transfection is optimized on the patterned substrates and several factors that affect transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity are identified. Higher levels of transfection are achieved on HOOC- versus NH2-functionalized superhydrophilic spots, as well as when gelatin and fibronectin are added to the transfection mixture, while minimizing the amount of transfection reagent improves cell viability. Almost no diffusion of the printed transfection mixtures to the neighboring microspots is detected. Thus, superhydrophilic-superhydrophobic patterned surfaces can be used as cell microarrays and for optimizing reverse cell transfection conditions before performing further cell screenings.
authors: Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors: Erica
authors: E
authors: Ueda
authors: Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors: Wenqian
authors: W
authors: Feng
authors: Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany. levkin@kit.edu.
authors: Pavel A
authors: PA
authors: Levkin
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000737:chemistry; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005353:Fibronectins; D008081:Liposomes; D011108:Polymers; D005780:Gelatin
keywords: cell microarrays; patterned surfaces; reverse cell transfection; superhydrophilic; superhydrophobic