title: Multi-level selection, social signaling, and the evolution of human suffering gestures: The example of pain behaviors.
abstract: Pain suffering has been naturally selected to be experienced and expressed within a wider social system. The communication of pain improves group coordination and decision-making about engaging in resource dependent and potentially risky endeavors. Recent findings warrant the development of a cohesive framework for understanding the reciprocal nature of pain expression and individual and group-level outcomes that can generate novel predictions on the heuristical expression of human suffering in naturalistic and clinical settings.
authors: Department of Psychology,University of New Mexico,Albuquerque,NM, 87131-1161.vigilJ@unm.eduesk@unm.eduhttp://www.unm.edu/~psych/faculty/sm_vigil.html.
authors: Jacob M
authors: JM
authors: Vigil
authors: Department of Psychology,University of New Mexico,Albuquerque,NM, 87131-1161.vigilJ@unm.eduesk@unm.eduhttp://www.unm.edu/~psych/faculty/sm_vigil.html.
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Kruger
mesh_terms: D005075:Biological Evolution; D003657:Decision Making; D005868:Gestures; D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain