title: In vitro organo-protective effect of bark extracts from Syzygium guineense var macrocarpum against ferric-nitrilotriacetate-induced stress in wistar rats homogenates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Overconsumption of oxygen in mammalian cells often lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting from different mechanisms. Escape of scavenging enzymes/components or nutritional failure are the most important origins. Plant-derived molecules may protect biological molecules either by quenching free radicals, delaying or preventing the ROS formation or by restoring antioxidant enzymes activities. The present study assessed the antioxidant, phenolic profile and protective effect of barks extracts of Syzyguim guineense var macrocarpum against ferric nitriloacetate-induced stress in the liver, heart kidney and brain tissues of wistar rat homogenates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three extracts (aqueous, ethanol and aqueous-ethanol) from the barks of S. guineense var macrocarpum were used in this study. The spectrophotometric standardized methods were used to determine the free radical scavenging and antioxidant potential of the extracts. The protective properties of these plant extracts were also investigated as well as the quantification of secondary metabolites content (total phenolic, flavonoids and flavonols content). The HPLC method helped for characterizing phenolic compounds present in these extracts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All the extracts exhibited a free radical scavenging potential in a concentration dependent manner which varied from 15.18 ± 0.80 to 97.15 ± 0.71 % depending to the type of extract and the method used. The ethanol extract had the higher phenolic content (432.85 mg QE/g extract), including total flavonoids (961.66 mg QE/g extract) and flavonols content (25.12 mg QE/g extract) and higher total antioxidant capacity. Among the phenolic compounds present in the extracts, the HLPC profile revealed the presence of syringic acid and apigenin in all the extracts. The extracts demonstrated their protective effect mostly in liver and brain homogenates by delaying or preventing lipid peroxidation, restoring enzymatic activities and enhancing glutathione levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall results demonstrated that the extracts exhibited significant antioxidant and protective effects in liver and brain liver homogenates.
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 1364, Yaounde, Cameroon.
authors: Francine Nzufo
authors: FN
authors: Tankeu
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 1364, Yaounde, Cameroon. apieme@yahoo.fr.
authors: Constant Anatole
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1602-6494
authors: CA
authors: Pieme
authors: Laboratory of Medicinal plant Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, PO Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
authors: Cabral Prosper
authors: CP
authors: Biapa Nya
authors: Department of Chemical Materials Environmental Engineering, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Via Eudossiana No. 18, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
authors: Romain Jacques
authors: RJ
authors: Njimou
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 1364, Yaounde, Cameroon.
authors: Bruno Moukette
authors: BM
authors: Moukette
authors: Department of Chemical Materials Environmental Engineering, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Via Eudossiana No. 18, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
authors: Angelo
authors: A
authors: Chianese
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 1364, Yaounde, Cameroon.
authors: Jeanne Yonkeu
authors: JY
authors: Ngogang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D009571:Nitrilotriacetic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D027842:Syzygium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D009571:Nitrilotriacetic Acid; C020326:ferric nitrilotriacetate
keywords: Glutathione; Malondialdehyde homogenates; Peroxidase; SOD; Syzygium guineense var macrocarpum