title: A Type A and Type D Combined Personality Typology in Essential Hypertension and Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients: Associations with Demographic, Psychological, Clinical, and Lifestyle Indicators.
abstract: Many studies have focused on Type A and Type D personality types in the context of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but nothing is known about how these personality types combine to create new profiles. The present study aimed to develop a typology of Type A and Type D personality in two groups of patients affected by and at risk for coronary disease. The study involved 711 patients: 51.6% with acute coronary syndrome, 48.4% with essential hypertension (mean age = 56.4 years; SD = 9.7 years; 70.7% men). Cluster analysis was applied. External variables, such as socio-demographic, psychological, lifestyle, and clinical parameters, were assessed. Six groups, each with its own unique combined personality profile scores, were identified: Type D, Type A-Negatively Affected, Not Type A-Negatively Affected, Socially Inhibited-Positively Affected, Not Socially Inhibited, and Not Type A-Not Type D. The Type A-Negatively Affected cluster and, to a lesser extent, the Type D cluster, displayed the worst profile: namely higher total cardiovascular risk index, physical inactivity, higher anxiety and depression, and lower self-esteem, optimism, and health status. Identifying combined personality profiles is important in clinical research and practice in cardiovascular diseases. Practical implications are discussed.
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Milan "Bicocca", Milan, Italy.
authors: Patrizia
authors: P
authors: Steca
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Milan "Bicocca", Milan, Italy.
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: D'Addario
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Milan "Bicocca", Milan, Italy.
authors: Maria Elena
authors: ME
authors: Magrin
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Milan "Bicocca", Milan, Italy.
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Miglioretti
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Milan "Bicocca", Milan, Italy.
authors: Dario
authors: D
authors: Monzani
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Milan "Bicocca", Milan, Italy.
authors: Luca
authors: L
authors: Pancani
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Milan "Bicocca", Milan, Italy.
authors: Marcello
authors: M
authors: Sarini
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Milan "Bicocca", Milan, Italy.
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Scrignaro
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Milan "Bicocca", Milan, Italy.
authors: Luca
authors: L
authors: Vecchio
authors: Department of Medical and Surgical Critical Care, Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy.
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Fattirolli
authors: Health Science Department, University of Milan "Bicocca", Milan, Italy.|Cardiology IV, Cardiovascular "A.De Gasperis" Department, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Giannattasio
authors: Health Science Department, University of Milan "Bicocca", Milan, Italy.|Cardiology IV, Cardiovascular "A.De Gasperis" Department, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Cesana
authors: Cardiology IV, Cardiovascular "A.De Gasperis" Department, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors: Salvatore Pio
authors: SP
authors: Riccobono
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Milan "Bicocca", Milan, Italy.
authors: Andrea
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8086-2801
authors: A
authors: Greco
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019585:Intracranial Hypotension / Q000523:psychology*; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012649:Self Concept; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012919:Social Behavior; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology; D014434:Type A Personality; D064415:Type D Personality