title: Differences in Neuroticism Between Patients with Glaucoma Who Have Discontinued Visits to Ophthalmologists and Those Who Make Regular Visits: Implications for Adherence to Topical Glaucoma Medications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neuroticism is a personality trait often described in individuals with glaucoma (GLC), but is not necessarily representative of the total population of patients. There is a population of patients with GLC who are invisible to clinical ophthalmologists; in other words, those who once have been diagnosed with GLC, but spontaneously stop visiting an ophthalmologist. Little is known about their neuroticism personality trait. In the present study, the authors compared the level of neuroticism between patients no longer visiting an ophthalmologist and those who continue visit them regularly.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were assigned to two groups according to the duration of their last visit to an ophthalmologist: the Discontinued group included those patients who had not visited an ophthalmologist for the last 6 months, and the Regular Visitor group included those patients who continued to make regular visits to an ophthalmologist. The Japanese version of Ten Items Personality Inventory (TIPI-J), a questionnaire specifically used to assess the Big Five personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness), was completed by patients through a dedicated website.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three-hundred and seventy-three patients with GLC were recruited. The neuroticism score from the TIPI-J in the Discontinued group was significantly lower than that in the Regular Visitor group (7.63 ± 2.23 vs. 8.23 ± 2.21, respectively; P = 0.01). No significant difference was found in the other TIPI-J sub-item scores between the Discontinued and the Regular Visitor groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, the authors showed that neuroticism trait in patients with GLC who have discontinued visiting their ophthalmologists was lower than that in patients who regularly visited them, on the basis of the Big Five personality traits as measured by the TIPT-J.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. tnakano@jikei.ac.jp.
authors: Tadashi
authors: T
authors: Nakano
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Fumitoshi
authors: F
authors: Kodaka
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Tsuneoka
keywords: Five-factor model of personality; Glaucoma; Neuroticism; The Big Five personality traits