title: Priming of the neutrophil respiratory burst: role in host defense and inflammation.
abstract: Neutrophils are the major circulating white blood cells in humans. They play an essential role in host defense against pathogens. In healthy individuals, circulating neutrophils are in a dormant state with very low efficiency of capture and arrest on the quiescent endothelium. Upon infection and subsequent release of pro-inflammatory mediators, the vascular endothelium signals to circulating neutrophils to roll, adhere, and cross the endothelial barrier. Neutrophils migrate toward the infection site along a gradient of chemo-attractants, then recognize and engulf the pathogen. To kill this pathogen entrapped inside the vacuole, neutrophils produce and release high quantities of antibacterial peptides, proteases, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The robust ROS production is also called 'the respiratory burst', and the NADPH oxidase or NOX2 is the enzyme responsible for the production of superoxide anion, leading to other ROS. In vitro, several soluble and particulate agonists induce neutrophil ROS production. This process can be enhanced by prior neutrophil treatment with 'priming' agents, which alone do not induce a respiratory burst. In this review, we will describe the priming process and discuss the beneficial role of controlled neutrophil priming in host defense and the detrimental effect of excessive neutrophil priming in inflammatory diseases.
authors: INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.|Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.
authors: Jamel
authors: J
authors: El-Benna
authors: INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.|Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.|Département d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, UF Dysfonctionnements Immunitaires, HUPNVS, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France.
authors: Margarita
authors: M
authors: Hurtado-Nedelec
authors: INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.|Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.
authors: Viviana
authors: V
authors: Marzaioli
authors: INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.|Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.|Département d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, UF Dysfonctionnements Immunitaires, HUPNVS, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France.
authors: Jean-Claude
authors: JC
authors: Marie
authors: INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.|Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.|Département d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, UF Dysfonctionnements Immunitaires, HUPNVS, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France.
authors: Marie-Anne
authors: MA
authors: Gougerot-Pocidalo
authors: INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.|Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.
authors: Pham My-Chan
authors: PM
authors: Dang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002450:Cell Communication; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D018375:Neutrophil Activation; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D016897:Respiratory Burst; D057705:Transendothelial and Transepithelial Migration
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: NADPH oxidase/NOX2; neutrophils; priming; superoxide/ROS-production