title: Reference values of cardiac volumes, dimensions, and new functional parameters by MR: A multicenter, multivendor study.
abstract: To define reference values of cardiac volumes, dimensions, and new morpho-functional parameters normalized for age, gender, and body surface area by cine-bSSFP (balanced steady-state free-precession) magnetic resonance (MR).
  
  
  
  We enrolled 308 healthy subjects subdivided by gender and by six age classes: class I, >15-20 years; class II, >20-30 years; class III, >30-40 years; class IV, >40-50 years; class V, >50-60 years; and class VI >60 years. Dimensional, volumetric and morpho-functional parameters of the left (LV) and right (RV) ventricles were measured using cine-bSSFP MRI at 1.5T.
  
  
  
  The LV and RV end-diastolic volume indexes (EDVi) were inversely related to age (P < 0.0001 r = -0.34 and P < 0.0001 r = -0.37, respectively). In addition, the LV mass index decreased with age (P = 0.0004, r = -0.21). The LV longitudinal shortening was not significantly different among groups: ≥15% in all populations (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16-31). The sphericity index measured in end-diastole was higher in females than in males (P < 0.03): the upper limit was 40% for males and 42% for females. The normality cutoff of LV global function index was ≥33% in males and ≥35% in females. The end-diastolic volume (EDV) of RV and LV was balanced (RV/LV ratio 0.85-1.15) without differences in the population. The LV EDV/mass was 1.0-1.8 in males and 1.0-2.1 in females.
  
  
  
  This study provides potential age- and gender-specific reference.
  
  
  
  2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:1055-1067.
authors: Gabriele Monasterio Foundation-CNR Region Toscana, Pisa, Italy.
authors: Giovanni Donato
authors: GD
authors: Aquaro
authors: U.O Cardiologia, Ospedale Vannini, Roma, Italy.
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: Camastra
authors: U.O Radiologia Diagnostica, Humanitas Hospital, Rozzano (MI), Italy.
authors: Lorenzo
authors: L
authors: Monti
authors: Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (MI), Italy.
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Lombardi
authors: Gabriele Monasterio Foundation-CNR Region Toscana, Pisa, Italy.
authors: Alessia
authors: A
authors: Pepe
authors: Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy.
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Castelletti
authors: Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italy.
authors: Viviana
authors: V
authors: Maestrini
authors: Gabriele Monasterio Foundation-CNR Region Toscana, Pisa, Italy.
authors: Giancarlo
authors: G
authors: Todiere
authors: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vadois (CHUV) - University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors: Piergiorgio
authors: P
authors: Masci
authors: U.O Radiologia Diagnostica, Humanitas Hospital, Rozzano (MI), Italy.
authors: Gabriella
authors: G
authors: di Giovine
authors: Gabriele Monasterio Foundation-CNR Region Toscana, Pisa, Italy.
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Barison
authors: Laboratorio di RM Cardiovascolare Divisione di Cardiologia Clinica Villa dei Fiori, Acerra, Italy.
authors: Santo
authors: S
authors: Dellegrottaglie
authors: U.O. Cardiologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Padova, Italy.
authors: Martina
authors: M
authors: Perazzolo Marra
authors: U.O. Cardiologia, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milano, Italy.
authors: Gianluca
authors: G
authors: Pontone
authors: U.O. Cardiologia, Università di Messina, Italy.
authors: Gianluca
authors: G
authors: Di Bella
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002306:Cardiac Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: RV/LV EDV ratio; cardiac magnetic resonance imaging; left ventricular global function index; longitudinal shortening; reference values; sphericity index