title: Expansion of Gutta-percha in contact with various concentrations of zinc oxide-eugenol sealer: A three-dimensional volumetric study using spiral computed tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the three-dimensional expansion of Gutta-percha (GP), at various powder/liquid ratios, of a zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE)-based sealer using spiral computed tomography (SCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five freshly extracted human mandibular premolars were selected for this study. Cleaning and shaping were performed in all the teeth initially with hand K-files up to #25 and finally with RaCe rotary instruments (25/06). Teeth were randomly divided into five groups of 7 teeth each. Specimens were scanned using SCT. They were then viewed both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, with a constant thickness of 1 mm/slice. The volume of root canal in each tooth was estimated. Obturation was performed by GP points (25/04) and ZOE-based root canal sealer in all groups with different powder-liquid ratio. Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, had powder/liquid ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4, respectively, while in the control group, no sealer was used. The obturation was performed by sealer coated single cone GP. A second SCT scan was performed to determine the volume of GP and sealer in all four groups 1 day after obturation. The third and fourth SCT scans were taken 7 and 30 days after obturation, respectively. The mean volume of GP per group was calculated. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Inter-group comparisons were done using Scheffe post hoc multiple comparisons test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All groups with sealer showed expansion of GP at both 7(th) day and 30(th) day, which was statistically significant from the GP volume at 1(st) day. Groups 2 and 3 with powder/liquid ratio of 1:2 and 1:3 gave the highest mean volume values during 30 days period and showed significant expansion in comparison with Groups 1 and 4 with powder/liquid ratio of 1:1 and 1:4, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increasing the ratio of eugenol in sealer resulted in the volumetric expansion of GP. However, further studies should be performed to confirm the expansion of GP, leading to the achievement of fluid impervious seal.
authors: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, S.D.M. College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Sattur, Dharwad, Karnataka, India.
authors: Mahima
authors: M
authors: Tilakchand
authors: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, S.D.M. College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Sattur, Dharwad, Karnataka, India.
authors: Abhishek
authors: A
authors: Jain
authors: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, S.D.M. College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Sattur, Dharwad, Karnataka, India.
authors: Balaram
authors: B
authors: Naik
keywords: Eugenol; Gutta-percha; spiral computed tomography; volumetric expansion; zinc oxide-eugenol sealer