title: Gut microbiome and dietary patterns in different Saudi populations and monkeys.
abstract: Host genetics, environment, lifestyle and proximity between hosts strongly influence the composition of the gut microbiome. To investigate the association of dietary variables with the gut microbiota, we used 16S rDNA sequencing to test the fecal microbiome of Bedouins and urban Saudis and we compared it to the gut microbiome of baboons living in close contact with Bedouins and eating their leftovers. We also analyzed fermented dairy products commonly consumed by Bedouins in order to investigate their impact on the gut microbiome of this population. We found that the gut microbiomes of westernized urban Saudis had significantly lower richness and biodiversity than the traditional Bedouin population. The gut microbiomes of baboons were more similar to that of Bedouins compared to urban Saudis, probably due the dietary overlap between baboons and Bedouins. Moreover, we found clusters that were compositionally similar to clusters identified in humans and baboons, characterized by differences in Acinetobacter, Turicibacter and Collinsella. The fermented food presented significantly more bacteria genera common to the gut microbiome of Bedouins compared to urban Saudis. These results support the hypothesis that dietary habits influence the composition of the gut microbiome.
authors: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes: URMITE CNRS-IRD 198 UMR 6236, Aix Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
authors: Emmanouil
authors: E
authors: Angelakis
authors: Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Muhammad
authors: M
authors: Yasir
authors: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes: URMITE CNRS-IRD 198 UMR 6236, Aix Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
authors: Dipankar
authors: D
authors: Bachar
authors: Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.|Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Esam I
authors: EI
authors: Azhar
authors: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes: URMITE CNRS-IRD 198 UMR 6236, Aix Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
authors: Jean-Christophe
authors: JC
authors: Lagier
authors: Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Fehmida
authors: F
authors: Bibi
authors: Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Asif A
authors: AA
authors: Jiman-Fatani
authors: Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.|Infection Control Unit, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Maha
authors: M
authors: Alawi
authors: Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Rabigh, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Marwan A
authors: MA
authors: Bakarman
authors: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes: URMITE CNRS-IRD 198 UMR 6236, Aix Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Robert
authors: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes: URMITE CNRS-IRD 198 UMR 6236, Aix Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.|Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Didier
authors: D
authors: Raoult
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018912:Arabs; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010215:Papio; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012529:Saudi Arabia
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S