title: Enduring amnesia induced by ICV scopolamine is reversed by sesame oil in male rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluated the long-term effect of scopolamine and sesame oil on spatial memory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Memory impairment induced by Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of scopolamine hydrochloride (10 μg/ rat). Animals were gavaged for 4 weeks with saline, sesame oil (0.5, 1, or 2 mL/kg/day), or 3 weeks with memantine (30 mg/kg/day) in advance to induction of amnesia. Morris water maze (MWM) test was conducted 6 days after microinjection of scopolamine. Then, blood and brain samples were collected and evaluated for the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities, and total antioxidant status (TAS) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Scopolamine significantly decreased traveled distance and time spent in target quadrant in probe test. Pretreatment of rats with sesame oil (0.5 mg/kg) mitigated scopolamine-induced behavioral alterations. Measurement of MDA, SOD, and GPX in brain tissue, and FRAP and TAS in blood showed little changes in animals which had received scopolamine or sesame oil.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intracerebroventricular injection of scopolamine has a residual effect on memory after six days. Sesame oil has an improving effect on spatial memory; however this effect is possibly mediated by mechanisms other than antioxidant effect of sesame oil.
authors: MSc, Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Acquisition of data, technical procedures, manuscript preparation and writing.
authors: Shabnam-Sadat Seyedi
authors: SS
authors: Tabari
authors: Full Professor, NSRC, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Intellectual, scientific, conception and design of the study; critical revision.
authors: Shirin
authors: S
authors: Babri
authors: Assistant Professor, NSRC, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Acquisition of data, technical procedures.
authors: Fariba
authors: F
authors: Mirzaie
authors: PhD, NSRC, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Acquisition of data, technical procedures.
authors: Fereshteh
authors: F
authors: Farajdokht
authors: Associate Professor, Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Intellectual, scientific, conception and design of the study; analysis and interpretation of data; manuscript preparation and writing; final approval.
authors: Gisou
authors: G
authors: Mohaddes
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000517:prevention & control; D000647:Amnesia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000737:chemistry; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012715:Sesame Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D000975:Antioxidants; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D012715:Sesame Oil; D012601:Scopolamine; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase