title: Point of care testing: The impact of nanotechnology.
abstract: Point-of-care (POC) diagnostic devices are integral in the health care system and particularly for the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases. POC testing has a variety of advantages including the ability to provide rapid and accurate results, ease of use, low cost, and little need for specialized equipment. One of the goals of POC testing is the development of a chip-based, miniaturized, portable, and self-containing system that allows for the assay of different analytes in complex samples. To achieve these goals, many researchers have focused on paper-based and printed electrode technologies as the material for fabricating POC diagnostic systems. These technologies are affordable, sensitive, user-friendly, rapid, and scalable for manufacturing. Moreover, the combination such devices with nanomaterials provide a path for the development of highly sensitive and selective biosensors for future generation POC tools. This review article discusses present technologies in on-site or at home POC diagnostic assays implemented in paper-based microfluidic and screen printing devices over the past decade as well as in the near future. In addition, recent advances in the application of nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), magnetic nanoparticles, and graphene in POC devices will be reviewed. The factors that limit POC testing to become real world products and future directions are also identified.
authors: Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Leila
authors: L
authors: Syedmoradi
authors: Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Maryam
authors: M
authors: Daneshpour
authors: Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Mehrdad
authors: M
authors: Alvandipour
authors: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University, Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90032-8202 USA.
authors: Frank A
authors: FA
authors: Gomez
authors: Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Hassan
authors: H
authors: Hajghassem
authors: Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: omidfar@tums.ac.ir.
authors: Kobra
authors: K
authors: Omidfar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D056656:Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D000067716:Point-of-Care Testing
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D006108:Graphite
keywords: Biosensor; In vitro diagnosis; Lab-on-a-chip; Microfluidic; Nanotechnology; Point-of-care (POC)