title: Molecular mechanisms of peritoneal dissemination in gastric cancer.
abstract: Peritoneal dissemination represents a devastating form of gastric cancer (GC) progression with a dismal prognosis. There is no effective therapy for this condition. The 5-year survival rate of patients with peritoneal dissemination is 2%, even including patients with only microscopic free cancer cells without macroscopic peritoneal nodules. The mechanism of peritoneal dissemination of GC involves several steps: detachment of cancer cells from the primary tumor, survival in the free abdominal cavity, attachment to the distant peritoneum, invasion into the subperitoneal space and proliferation with angiogenesis. These steps are not mutually exclusive, and combinations of different molecular mechanisms can occur in each process of peritoneal dissemination. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular events involved in peritoneal dissemination is important and should be systematically pursued. It is crucial to identify novel strategies for the prevention of this condition and for identification of markers of prognosis and the development of molecular-targeted therapies. In this review, we provide an overview of recently published articles addressing the molecular mechanisms of peritoneal dissemination of GC to provide an update on what is currently known in this field and to propose novel promising candidates for use in diagnosis and as therapeutic targets.
authors: Mitsuro Kanda, Yasuhiro Kodera, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors: Mitsuro
authors: M
authors: Kanda
authors: Mitsuro Kanda, Yasuhiro Kodera, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors: Yasuhiro
authors: Y
authors: Kodera
mesh_terms: D017305:Annexin A1 / Q000502:physiology; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000502:physiology; D015820:Cadherins / Q000502:physiology; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000235:genetics; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000502:physiology; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000473:pathology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment
chemical_list: D017305:Annexin A1; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; C515255:CXCL12 protein, human; D015820:Cadherins; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; C120897:MAGED1 protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C484610:MELK protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human
keywords: Biomarker; Gastric cancer; Microenvironment; Molecular target; Peritoneal dissemination