title: Long-term maintenance and effects of exercise in early psychosis.
abstract: The aims of this study were to examine if people with first-episode psychosis (FEP) are able to continue adhering to exercise after a supervised intervention and to explore if the benefits of exercise can be sustained.
  
  
  
  Twenty-eight persons with FEP took part in a 10-week exercise intervention that provided each participant with twice-weekly accompaniment to exercise activities of their own choice, of whom 20 were re-assessed 6 months after the intervention. Long-term adherence to exercise was assessed, and measures of psychiatric symptoms, physical health, neurocognition and social functioning were administered at baseline, post-intervention and 6-month follow-up.
  
  
  
  During the supervised intervention, participants achieved 124.4 min of moderate-to-vigorous exercise per week. After 6 months, physical activity levels had decreased significantly (P = 0.025) and only 55% of participants had continued to exercise weekly. Repeated-measures analysis of variance found that the significant improvements in psychiatric symptoms and social functioning observed immediately after the intervention were maintained at 6 months (P = 0.001). However, post hoc analyses showed that symptomatic reductions were only maintained for those who continued to exercise, whereas symptom scores increased among those who had ceased exercising. Previously observed improvements in waist circumference and verbal memory were lost by 6 months.
  
  
  
  Long-term exercise participation is associated with significant benefits for symptoms, cognition and social functioning in FEP. However, adherence to unsupervised exercise is low. Future research should explore the effectiveness of 'step-down' support following supervised interventions, and aim to establish sustainable methods for maintaining regular exercise in order to facilitate functional recovery and maintain physical health.
authors: Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Firth
authors: Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors: Rebekah
authors: 0000-0002-2859-6825
authors: R
authors: Carney
authors: Greater Manchester West Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.|Department of Psychological Sciences, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: French
authors: Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.|School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors: Rebecca
authors: R
authors: Elliott
authors: Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors: Jack
authors: J
authors: Cotter
authors: Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.|Greater Manchester West Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
authors: Alison R
authors: AR
authors: Yung
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003071:Cognition; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D012917:Social Adjustment; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: early psychosis; exercise; first-episode; physical activity; physical health