title: Increased Risk of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma with Increasing Levels of Diet-Associated Inflammation in an Italian Case-Control Study.
abstract: Components of diet can modulate inflammation and therefore may have an important role in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Little is known about the inflammatory potential of diet in relation to nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis.
  
  
  
  Data from an Italian multicenter case-control study conducted between 1992 and 2008 and including 198 cases with incident, histologically confirmed NPC, and 594 controls hospitalized for acute nonneoplastic diseases were used to estimate the relation between a dietary inflammatory index (DII) and the risk of NPC. The DII was computed based on the intake of selected dietary factors assessed by a validated 78-item food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for study center, place of living, sex, age, year of interview, education, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, and energy intake using the residual method.
  
  
  
  Subjects with higher DII scores had an increased risk of NPC, with each DII point increasing risk by nearly 20% [OR: 1.19; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-1.36]. Compared to subjects in the lowest DII tertile, those in the highest tertile had >60% higher risk of NPC (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.06-2.55; Ptrend = 0.04).
  
  
  
  These results indicate that inflammatory potential of diet plays a role in NPC.
authors: a South Carolina Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina , USA.|b Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina , USA.|c Connecting Health Innovations LLC , Columbia , South Carolina , USA.
authors: Nitin
authors: N
authors: Shivappa
authors: a South Carolina Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina , USA.|b Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina , USA.|c Connecting Health Innovations LLC , Columbia , South Carolina , USA.
authors: James R
authors: JR
authors: Hébert
authors: d Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute , Aviano , Italy.
authors: Antonella
authors: A
authors: Zucchetto
authors: e Department of Epidemiology , 'Fondazione G. Pascale', Istituto Nazionale Tumori , Naples , Italy.
authors: Maurizio
authors: M
authors: Montella
authors: f Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences , University of Catania , Catania , Italy.
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Libra
authors: g Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine , University of Milano-Bicocca , Milan , Italy.
authors: Werner
authors: W
authors: Garavello
authors: h Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy.
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Rossi
authors: h Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy.
authors: Carlo
authors: C
authors: La Vecchia
authors: d Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute , Aviano , Italy.
authors: Diego
authors: D
authors: Serraino
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D000070601:Diet, Carbohydrate Loading / Q000009:adverse effects*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006769:Hospitals, General; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077274:Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018836:Inflammation Mediators