title: Abdominal aortic aneurysm follow-up by shear wave elasticity imaging after endovascular repair in a canine model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate if shear wave imaging (SWI) can detect endoleaks and characterize thrombus organization in abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) after endovascular aneurysm repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stent grafts (SGs) were implanted in 18 dogs after surgical creation of type I endoleaks (four AAAs), type II endoleaks (13 AAAs) and no endoleaks (one AAA). Color flow Doppler ultrasonography (DUS) and SWI were performed before SG implantation (baseline), on days 7, 30 and 90 after SG implantation, and on the day of the sacrifice (day 180). Angiography, CT scans and macroscopic tissue sections obtained on day 180 were evaluated for the presence, size and type of endoleaks, and thrombi were characterized as fresh or organized. Endoleak areas in aneurysm sacs were identified on SWI by two readers and compared with their appearance on DUS, CT scans and macroscopic examination. Elasticity moduli were calculated in different regions (endoleaks, and fresh and organized thrombi).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 17 endoleaks (100 %) were identified by reader 1, whereas 16 of 17 (94 %) were detected by reader 2. Elasticity moduli in endoleaks, and in areas of organized thrombi and fresh thrombi were 0.2 ± 0.4, 90.0 ± 48.2 and 13.6 ± 4.5 kPa, respectively (P < 0.001 between groups). SWI detected endoleaks while DUS (three endoleaks) and CT (one endoleak) did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SWI has the potential to detect endoleaks and evaluate thrombus organization based on the measurement of elasticity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • SWI has the potential to detect endoleaks in post-EVAR follow-up. • SWI has the potential to characterize thrombus organization in post-EVAR follow-up. • SWI may be combined with DUS in post-EVAR surveillance of endoleak.
authors: Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Laboratoire de biorhéologie et d'ultrasonographie médicale, CRCHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Laboratoire clinique de traitement d'images, CRCHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Département de physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors: Antony
authors: A
authors: Bertrand-Grenier
authors: Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Laboratoire de biomatériaux endovasculaire, CRCHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Département de génie mécanique, École de technologie supérieure, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors: Sophie
authors: S
authors: Lerouge
authors: Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Laboratoire clinique de traitement d'images, CRCHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Département de radiologie, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Département de radiologie, radio-oncologie et médecine nucléaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Institut de génie biomédical, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors: An
authors: A
authors: Tang
authors: Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Laboratoire de biorhéologie et d'ultrasonographie médicale, CRCHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Laboratoire clinique de traitement d'images, CRCHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors: Eli
authors: E
authors: Salloum
authors: Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Département de radiologie, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Département de radiologie, radio-oncologie et médecine nucléaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Therasse
authors: Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Laboratoire clinique de traitement d'images, CRCHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Département de radiologie, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Département de radiologie, radio-oncologie et médecine nucléaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors: Claude
authors: C
authors: Kauffmann
authors: Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors: Hélène
authors: H
authors: Héon
authors: Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors: Igor
authors: I
authors: Salazkin
authors: Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Laboratoire de biorhéologie et d'ultrasonographie médicale, CRCHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Département de radiologie, radio-oncologie et médecine nucléaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Institut de génie biomédical, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors: Guy
authors: G
authors: Cloutier
authors: Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada. gilles.soulez.chum@ssss.gouv.qc.ca.|Laboratoire clinique de traitement d'images, CRCHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada. gilles.soulez.chum@ssss.gouv.qc.ca.|Département de radiologie, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada. gilles.soulez.chum@ssss.gouv.qc.ca.|Département de radiologie, radio-oncologie et médecine nucléaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada. gilles.soulez.chum@ssss.gouv.qc.ca.|Institut de génie biomédical, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada. gilles.soulez.chum@ssss.gouv.qc.ca.
authors: Gilles
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5566-3552
authors: G
authors: Soulez
mesh_terms: D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004548:Elasticity; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods; D057867:Endoleak / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015607:Stents; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
keywords: Abdominal aortic aneurysm; Endoleak; Endovascular repair; Shear wave elasticity imaging; Thrombus