title: Individual and area-level risk factors for suicidal ideation and attempt in people with severe depression.
abstract: Previous research has identified several risk factors that are strongly associated with suicidal behavior in patients with severe depression. However, the effects of area-level characteristics on suicidal ideation and attempt in this population remain unclear.
  
  
  
  The Clinical Record Interactive Search (CRIS) database was used to identify 2587 patients with severe depression who received secondary mental health services from the Camden & Islington NHS Foundation Trust. Stepwise multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine associations between socio-demographic characteristics, clinical variables, area-level measures, and suicidal ideation and attempt as separate outcomes.
  
  
  
  Both suicidal ideation and attempts were common among this cohort of severely depressed individuals (70.5% and 37.7%, respectively). While several individual socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were associated with both outcomes, particularly past psychiatric admission (suicidal ideation: adjusted OR=2.86, 95% CI: 2.26-3.62; suicide attempt: adjusted OR=4.00, 95% CI: 3.30-4.89), neither social deprivation nor ethnic density (measured at the area-level) was associated with risk for either outcome.
  
  
  
  Data were not collected specifically for research purposes and hence information on some potential confounders was not available. Additionally, information was restricted to individuals who accessed secondary mental health services in a defined catchment area and period. The study therefore does not take into account individuals who did not access mental health services.
  
  
  
  The variation in risk for suicidal ideation and attempt among severely depressed individuals is explained by differences in individual socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, most notably past psychiatric admission and substance misuse, and not by area-level measures.
authors: UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, St Pancras Hospital, 4 Saint Pancras Way, London NW1 0PE, United Kingdom. Electronic address: n.werbeloff@ucl.ac.uk.
authors: Nomi
authors: N
authors: Werbeloff
authors: UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Markou
authors: UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, St Pancras Hospital, 4 Saint Pancras Way, London NW1 0PE, United Kingdom.
authors: Joseph F
authors: JF
authors: Hayes
authors: UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, St Pancras Hospital, 4 Saint Pancras Way, London NW1 0PE, United Kingdom.
authors: Alexandra L
authors: AL
authors: Pitman
authors: UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, St Pancras Hospital, 4 Saint Pancras Way, London NW1 0PE, United Kingdom.
authors: David P J
authors: DP
authors: Osborn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011610:Psychosocial Deprivation; D012307:Risk Factors; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Ethnic density; Social deprivation; Suicidal ideation; Suicide attempt