title: The Occupational Risk of Influenza A (H1N1) Infection among Healthcare Personnel during the 2009 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this review was to record systematically and assess the published literature relating to the occupational risk of influenza A (H1N1) infection among healthcare personnel during the 2009 pandemic.
  
  
  METHODS
  The literature search was performed in June 2015. An update was carried out in May 2016. It was applied to the electronic databases EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL and Google Scholar. The quality assessment was conducted with a tool using eight criteria. A meta-analysis was carried out to compute pooled effect estimates for influenza A (H1N1) infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 26 studies were included in the review, 15 studies met the criteria for the meta-analysis. After a sensitivity analysis the pooled analysis showed a significantly increased odds for influenza A (H1N1) infection for healthcare personnel compared to controls/comparisons (OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.73 to 2.51). The pooled prevalence rate for healthcare personnel alone was 6.3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review corroborates the assumption that healthcare personnel were particularly at risk of influenza A (H1N1) infection during the 2009 pandemic. Healthcare facilities should intensify their focus on strategies to prevent infections among healthcare personnel, especially during the first period of pandemics.
authors: Institute for Biostatistics and Social Welfare Matters, Hamburg, Germany.
authors: Janna
authors: J
authors: Lietz
authors: Competence Centre for Epidemiology and Health Service Research in Nursing, Institute for Health Service Research in Dermatology and Nursing, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Westermann
authors: Competence Centre for Epidemiology and Health Service Research in Nursing, Institute for Health Service Research in Dermatology and Nursing, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.|Department of Occupational Health Research, German Social Accident Insurance Institution for the Health and Welfare Services, Hamburg, Germany.
authors: Albert
authors: A
authors: Nienhaus
authors: Competence Centre for Epidemiology and Health Service Research in Nursing, Institute for Health Service Research in Dermatology and Nursing, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors: Anja
authors: A
authors: Schablon
mesh_terms: D006282:Health Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D058873:Pandemics; D015995:Prevalence