title: Incidence of autoimmune diseases in a nationwide HIV/AIDS patient cohort in Taiwan, 2000-2012.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is not known if the incidences of autoimmune diseases are higher in individuals living with HIV infection or AIDS. Our study investigated the incidences of autoimmune diseases among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Taiwan during 2000-2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database was used to identify PLWHA. The incidence densities of systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases were calculated, and age-adjusted, sex-adjusted and period-adjusted standardised incidence rates (SIRs) were obtained by using two million people from the general population as controls. To examine the effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the incidence of autoimmune diseases, the incidence densities and SIRs of autoimmune diseases were calculated after stratifying PLWHA by HAART status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 20 444 PLWHA identified, the overall mean (SD) age was 30.1 (11.0) years; 67.2% of the subjects received HAART. As compared with the general population, SIRs were higher for incident Sjögren syndrome (SIR=1.64; 95% CI 1.24 to 2.13), psoriasis (SIR=2.05; 95% CI 1.67 to 2.48), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (SIR=2.59; 95% CI 1.53 to 4.09), autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (SIR=35.06; 95% CI 23.1 to 51.02) and uveitis (SIR=2.50; 95% CI 2.05 to 3.02), but were lower for incident ankylosing spondyloarthritis (SIR=0.70; 95% CI 0.48 to 0.99). When the effect of HAART on incident autoimmune diseases was considered, PLWHA who received HAART had higher SIRs for psoriasis, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and uveitis, but had lower risks of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondyloarthritis. In contrast, PLWHA who did not receive HAART had higher SIRs for Sjögren syndrome, psoriasis, RA, SLE, scleroderma, polymyositis, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PLWHA had higher risks of incident Sjögren syndrome, psoriasis, SLE, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and uveitis.
authors: Section of Infectious Diseases, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei City Government, Taipei, Taiwan.|School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Yung-Feng
authors: YF
authors: Yen
authors: Center for Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Injury and Diseases, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.|Division of Clinical Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Pei-Hung
authors: PH
authors: Chuang
authors: Department and Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: I-An
authors: IA
authors: Jen
authors: Department of Urology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Cosmetic Applications and Management, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Marcelo
authors: M
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Health Risk Management, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors: Yu-Ching
authors: YC
authors: Lan
authors: Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Yen-Ling
authors: YL
authors: Liu
authors: Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Yun
authors: Y
authors: Lee
authors: School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, HsinChu, Taiwan.
authors: Yen-Hsu
authors: YH
authors: Chen
authors: Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|Department of Microbiology and Institute of Medical Research, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Yi-Ming Arthur
authors: YA
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000744:Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune / Q000453:epidemiology; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D013167:Spondylitis, Ankylosing / Q000453:epidemiology; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D014605:Uveitis / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Autoimmune Diseases; Infections; T Cells