title: Prolonged transfer of feces from the lean mice modulates gut microbiota in obese mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transplanting a fecal sample from lean, healthy donors to obese recipients has been shown to improve metabolic syndrome symptoms. We therefore examined the gut microbiota in mice after administering a long-term, high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with feces from lean mice through the fecal-oral route.
  
  
  METHODS
  C57BL6/W mice were allowed to adapt to a non-specific pathogen free (SFP) environment for 2 weeks before being divided into three groups of 16 animals. Animals were fed for 28 weeks with a normal diet (ND), HFD or HFD supplemented with feces from ND-fed mice (HFDS). The composition of colonizing bacteria was evaluated in droppings collected under SPF conditions at the beginning of the study and at 12 and 28 weeks using an 16S Metagenomics Kit on Ion PGM sequencer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HFD and HFDS-fed mice attained (p < 0.05) greater body weights by weeks 6 and 5, respectively. HFDS-fed mice gained more weight than HFD-fed mice by week 25. Both species diversity and richness indices increased with time in HFDS mice only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prolonged HFD-fed mice supplementation with feces from lean mice altered bacteria species diversity and richness, accelerated the onset of obesity, and caused increased weight gain in the later weeks of the HFD regimen.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Kulecka
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Agnieszka
authors: A
authors: Paziewska
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Natalia
authors: N
authors: Zeber-Lubecka
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Filip
authors: F
authors: Ambrozkiewicz
authors: Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial, Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Michal
authors: M
authors: Kopczynski
authors: Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial, Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Urszula
authors: U
authors: Kuklinska
authors: Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial, Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Kazimiera
authors: K
authors: Pysniak
authors: Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial, Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Gajewska
authors: Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial, Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Michal
authors: M
authors: Mikula
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland ; Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial, Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Jerzy
authors: J
authors: Ostrowski
keywords: 16S rRNA sequencing; Feces transplantation; Gut microbiota; High fat diet; Obesity