title: Low CDX1 expression predicts a poor prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma patients after hepatectomy.
abstract: The caudal-type homeobox 1 (CDX1) transcription factor is a member of the caudal-related homeobox transcription factor gene family and has been reported to be down-regulated in a variety of cancers. However, the expression status and significance of CDX1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still controversial, and little is known about the role of CDX1 in HCC·In our previous study, we investigated the expression and clinical significance of CDX1 in HCC samples from 313 HCC patients. We found CDX1 was strikingly down-regulated in HCC samples. CDX1 expression was associated with poor differentiation (P = 0.002), and patients with low CDX1 expression had a significantly poorer prognosis. A subgroup analysis revealed a difference in prognosis between groups with low and high CDX1 expression among patients who had tumors <5 cm in size and who were alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) negative. Moreover, low expression was more frequently observed in the early recurrence group (within 2 years, P = 0.002). In addition, multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the CDX1 expression level, tumor size, presence of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), vascular invasion, and presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were independent risk factors for HCC recurrence, and the CDX1 expression level, tumor size, tumor number, and presence of HBsAg were independent predictor of overall survival of HCC patients. In conclusion, the downregulation of CDX1 is associated with poor prognosis; and it may serve as a novel predictor of the prognosis of HCC patients after curative resection.
authors: The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
authors: Hao
authors: H
authors: Zheng
authors: The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
authors: Yuan
authors: Y
authors: Yang
authors: The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
authors: Meng-Chao
authors: MC
authors: Wang
authors: The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
authors: Sheng-Xian
authors: SX
authors: Yuan
authors: The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Tian
authors: The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Han
authors: The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
authors: Jun-Sheng
authors: JS
authors: Ni
authors: The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
authors: Hao
authors: H
authors: Xing
authors: The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China. Electronic address: ehphwp@126.com.
authors: Wei-Ping
authors: WP
authors: Zhou
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C491273:CDX1 protein, human; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: CDX1; Clinical significance; Differentiation; Hepatocellular carcinomas; Immunohistochemistry