title: Panax notoginseng saponins administration modulates pro- /anti-inflammatory factor expression and improves neurologic outcome following permanent MCAO in rats.
abstract: Ischemic stroke, particularly permanent occlusion, accounts for the overwhelming majority of all strokes. In addition to the occlusion of arteries, the inflammatory response plays a pivotal role in the severity of the cerebral injury and its clinical prognosis. Here, panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) extracted from a traditional Chinese herbal medicine was administered following permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats to explore the neuroprotective mechanisms against ischemic injury. The results showed that MCAO surgery was successful in producing an infarct and that PNS and nimodipine could ameliorate the neurological deficits. The expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were increased, while the level of interleukin-10 (IL-10) was reduced in the infarct cortex 7 days after MCAO, as assessed by immunohistochemistry, western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). PNS was able to markedly reduce the overexpression of IL-1β and TNF-α while significantly promoting the expression of IL-10, but did not affect the elevated expression of TGF-β1. Meanwhile, nimodipine was able to significantly reduce the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α, but had no obvious effect on IL-10 or TGF-β1. In addition, the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-10 and TGF-β1 were basically consistent with cerebral tissue results; however, the IL-1β levels did not differ. We conclude that PNS can directly down-regulate the overexpression of proinflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α while up-regulating the expression of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 in the core region of the cerebral infarct, thereby preventing neurological damage in rats after permanent MCAO.
authors: Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Educational Ministry and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
authors: Xiaowei
authors: X
authors: Shi
authors: Department of pediatrics, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
authors: Wenjing
authors: W
authors: Yu
authors: Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors: Lixing
authors: L
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Liu
authors: Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Educational Ministry and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
authors: Xiaomeng
authors: X
authors: Zhang
authors: Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Educational Ministry and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
authors: Tiantian
authors: T
authors: Yang
authors: Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Educational Ministry and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
authors: Limin
authors: L
authors: Chai
authors: Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Educational Ministry and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
authors: Lixia
authors: L
authors: Lou
authors: Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Educational Ministry and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
authors: Yonghong
authors: Y
authors: Gao
authors: Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Educational Ministry and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China. lingqunzh@vip.sina.com.
authors: Lingqun
authors: L
authors: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D053723:Panax notoginseng; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; C519374:Panax notoginseng extract
keywords: Il-10; Il-1β; Permanent cerebral infarction; TGF-β1; TNF-α; panax notoginseng saponins