title: Fetal CD103+ IL-17-Producing Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells Represent the Dominant Lymphocyte Subset in Human Amniotic Fluid.
abstract: Amniotic fluid (AF) surrounds the growing fetus, and cells derived from AF are commonly used for diagnosis of genetic diseases. Intra-amniotic infections are strongly linked to preterm birth, which is the leading cause of perinatal mortality worldwide. Surprisingly little is known, however, about mature hematopoietic cells in AF, which could potentially be involved in immune responses during pregnancy. In this study, we show that the dominating population of viable CD45+cells in AF is represented by a subset of fetal CD103+group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) producing high levels of IL-17 and TNF. Fetal CD103+ILC3s could also be detected at high frequency in second-trimester mucosal tissues (e.g., the intestine and lung). Taken together, our data indicate that CD103+ILC3s accumulate with gestation in the fetal intestine and subsequently egress to the AF. The dominance of ILC3s producing IL-17 and TNF in AF suggests that they could be involved in controlling intra-amniotic infections and inflammation and as such could be important players in regulating subsequent premature birth.
authors: Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Nicole
authors: 0000-0003-3186-4752
authors: N
authors: Marquardt
authors: Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Martin A
authors: 0000-0002-7745-1331
authors: MA
authors: Ivarsson
authors: Division of Neurodegeneration, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Erik
authors: E
authors: Sundström
authors: Division of Neurodegeneration, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Elisabet
authors: E
authors: Åkesson
authors: Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.|Unit of Dermatology and Venereology, Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska lnstitutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Elisa
authors: 0000-0002-6007-7785
authors: E
authors: Martini
authors: Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.|Unit of Dermatology and Venereology, Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska lnstitutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Liv
authors: 0000-0001-9237-8374
authors: L
authors: Eidsmo
authors: Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Jenny
authors: J
authors: Mjösberg
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; and.
authors: Danielle
authors: D
authors: Friberg
authors: Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Marius
authors: M
authors: Kublickas
authors: Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Sverker
authors: 0000-0002-7570-4155
authors: S
authors: Ek
authors: Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Gunilla
authors: 0000-0002-6364-5645
authors: G
authors: Tegerstedt
authors: Division of Neurodegeneration, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Åke
authors: Å
authors: Seiger
authors: Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Magnus
authors: M
authors: Westgren
authors: Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; jakob.michaelsson@ki.se.
authors: Jakob
authors: 0000-0001-6948-7281
authors: J
authors: Michaëlsson
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000276:immunology*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D039001:Integrin alpha Chains / Q000378:metabolism; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology*; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D057132:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D039001:Integrin alpha Chains; D020381:Interleukin-17; D057132:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C091367:alpha E integrins; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens