title: Genetically defined race, but not sex, is associated with higher humoral and cellular immune responses to measles vaccination.
abstract: In addition to host genetic and environmental factors, variations in immune responses to vaccination are influenced by demographic variables, such as race and sex. The influence of genetic race and sex on measles vaccine responses is not well understood, yet important for the development of much-needed improved measles vaccines with lower failure rates. We assessed associations between genetically defined race and sex with measles humoral and cellular immunity after measles vaccination in three independent and geographically distinct cohorts totaling 2872 healthy racially diverse children, older adolescents, and young adults. We found no associations between biological sex and either humoral or cellular immunity to measles vaccine, and no correlation between humoral and cellular immunity in these study subjects. Genetically defined race was, however, significantly associated with both measles vaccine-induced humoral and cellular immune responses, with subjects genetically classified as having African-American ancestry demonstrating significantly higher antibody and cell-mediated immune responses relative to subjects of Caucasian ancestry. This information may be useful in designing novel measles vaccines that are optimally effective across human genetic backgrounds.
authors: Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors: Emily A
authors: EA
authors: Voigt
authors: Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors: Inna G
authors: IG
authors: Ovsyannikova
authors: Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors: Iana H
authors: IH
authors: Haralambieva
authors: Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors: Richard B
authors: RB
authors: Kennedy
authors: Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors: Beth R
authors: BR
authors: Larrabee
authors: Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors: Daniel J
authors: DJ
authors: Schaid
authors: Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Electronic address: poland.gregory@mayo.edu.
authors: Gregory A
authors: GA
authors: Poland
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000235:genetics*; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008457:Measles / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008458:Measles Vaccine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012737:Sex Factors; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D008458:Measles Vaccine
keywords: Continental population groups; Immunity, cellular; Immunity, humoral; Measles; Measles vaccine; Measles virus; Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine; Sex factors