title: Antibacterial activity of oxyresveratrol against methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusand its mechanism.
abstract: Oxyresveratrol (ORV) is a naturally occurring compound found in mulberries that exhibits a wide spectrum of biological activities. However, the underlying mechanism of the action of ORV against the methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA) pathogen has not yet been reported. MRSA is multidrug-resistant, causing skin and other types of infections. The aim of the present study was to examine the antimicrobial activity of ORV and the underlying mechanism of its action on MRSA. The antibacterial activity of ORV was evaluated using a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, and the mechanism of its antibacterial action onS. aureuswas investigated using a combination of ORV with detergent, ATPase inhibitors and peptidoglycan (PGN). In addition, the survival characteristics and changes in MRSA morphology were monitored using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The MIC value of ORV against allS. aureusstrains was found to be 125 µg/ml. The optical density at 600 nm of each suspension treated using a combination of ORV with Triton X-100,N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or sodium azide was reduced by 68.9-89.8% compared with the value upon treatment with ORV alone. In the ORV and PGN combination assay, direct binding of ORV with PGN fromS. aureuswas evident. Furthermore, TEM examination of MRSA treated with ORV showed alterations in septa formation. In conclusion, these results showed that ORV has a strong antibacterial effect againstS. aureus, mainly by increasing membrane permeability and inhibiting ATPase when combined with other drugs.
authors: Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors: Dae-Ki
authors: DK
authors: Joung
authors: Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors: Su-Hyun
authors: SH
authors: Mun
authors: Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors: Sung-Hoon
authors: SH
authors: Choi
authors: Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors: Ok-Hwa
authors: OH
authors: Kang
authors: Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors: Sung-Bae
authors: SB
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumsung, Chungbuk 369-873, Republic of Korea.
authors: Young-Seob
authors: YS
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors: Tian
authors: T
authors: Zhou
authors: Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors: Ryong
authors: R
authors: Kong
authors: Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jang-Gi
authors: JG
authors: Choi
authors: Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Republic of Korea.
authors: Dong-Won
authors: DW
authors: Shin
authors: Standardized Material Bank for New Botanical Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors: Youn-Chul
authors: YC
authors: Kim
authors: Standardized Material Bank for New Botanical Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors: Dong-Sung
authors: DS
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors: Dong-Yeul
authors: DY
authors: Kwon
keywords: ATPase; antibacterial mechanism; membrane permeability; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; oxyresveratrol