title: Ceftriaxone pretreatment reduces the propensity of postpartum depression following stroke during pregnancy in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ischemic stroke increases the propensity to develop depression in humans and laboratory animals, and we hypothesized that such an incidence during pregnancy may increase the risk for the development of postpartum depression (PPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  To test this hypothesis, we used bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAO) to induce transient cerebral ischemia in pregnant rats, and evaluated its effects on subsequent development of PPD in dams. Additionally, we investigated whether ceftriaxone pretreatments before the induction of brain ischemia could alter the propensity of PPD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that 15min BCCAO during pregnancy enhanced immobility time and reduced the frequency of swimming or climbing behaviors in the forced swim test, and decreased the sucrose preference in dams at postpartum day 21. Such behavioral alterations were associated with lower level of GLT-1 expression in the medial prefrontal cortical regions (mPFC) of PPD dams. Specifically, mPFC GLT-1 expression levels in dams with ischemia history were correlated with sucrose preference levels at postpartum day 21. Finally, ceftriaxone pretreatment (200mg/kg/day, 5days) before the 15min BCCAO prevented the development of PPD, and prevented the reduction of GLT-1 expression in the mPFC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, our results suggested that ceftriaxone pretreatment before brain ischemia during pregnancy may reduce the propensity for the development of PPD by preventing the loss of GLT-1 expression in the mPFC.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors: Yonghong
authors: Y
authors: Guan
authors: Department of Medical Affairs, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors: Xianying
authors: X
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Road, Changchun 130041, China. Electronic address: suyuetian1@gmail.com.
authors: Yuetian
authors: Y
authors: Su
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D027342:Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology*; D051381:Rats; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D027342:Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; C493395:Slc1a2 protein, rat; D002443:Ceftriaxone
keywords: Ceftriaxone; Glutamate transporter; Ischemia; Medial prefrontal cortex; Postpartum depression