title: Review article: Why is there still a debate regarding the safety and efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis in the management of presumed acute ischaemic stroke? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the present study is to independently and systematically assess the harms and benefits of intravenous thrombolysis for patients with presumed acute schaemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials of intravenous thrombolysis compared with control in patients with presumed acute ischaemic stroke. The effectiveness of thrombolysis on functional outcome, symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage, early mortality and mortality at final follow up was assessed using a fixed-effect meta-analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 26 studies that randomised 10 431 participants were included. The use of thrombolysis was associated with an increased odds of good functional outcome, estimated odds ratio (OR) 1.14 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.25, P = 0.004), and also a significantly increased risk of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage, estimated OR 4.28 (95% CI 3.34-5.48, P < 0.0005) and an increased risk of early mortality, estimated OR 1.51 (95% CI 1.27-1.78, P < 0.0005). There was no statistically significant evidence that the effect of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) was different from that of other thrombolytic agents. There was also an increase in mortality at final follow up associated with treatment with thrombolysis, estimated OR 1.17 (95% CI 1.06-1.30, P = 0.003), although this result was not consistent when limited to studies of rt-PA, estimated OR 1.04 (95% CI 0.92-1.18, P = 0.49).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is clear evidence of increased early mortality, increased rates of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage and also of improved functional outcomes for patients with presumed acute ischaemic stroke treated with thrombolysis. The available data are unlikely to resolve the controversy regarding the use of intravenous thrombolysis in this population, and further randomised controlled trials are urgently required.
authors: Malcolm Fisher Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. lachlandonaldson@gmail.com.
authors: Lachlan
authors: L
authors: Donaldson
authors: Malcolm Fisher Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.|Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors: Emily
authors: E
authors: Fitzgerald
authors: Malcolm Fisher Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.|Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors: Oliver
authors: O
authors: Flower
authors: Malcolm Fisher Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.|Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.|ANZIC Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors: Anthony
authors: A
authors: Delaney
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D019468:Disease Management; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents
keywords: stroke; thrombolytic therapy; tissue plasminogen activator