title: Xenopus TACC2 is a microtubule plus end-tracking protein that can promote microtubule polymerization during embryonic development.
abstract: Microtubule dynamics is regulated by plus end-tracking proteins (+TIPs), which localize to the plus ends of microtubules (MTs). We previously showed that TACC1 and TACC3, members of the transforming acidic coiled-coil protein family, can act as +TIPs to regulate MT dynamics in Xenopus laevis Here we characterize TACC2 as a +TIP that localizes to MT plus ends in front of EB1 and overlapping with TACC1 and TACC3 in multiple embryonic cell types. We also show that TACC2 can promote MT polymerization in mesenchymal cells but not neuronal growth cones, thus displaying cell-type specificity. Structure-function analysis demonstrates that the C-terminal region of TACC2 is both necessary and sufficient to localize to MT plus ends and promote increased rates of MT polymerization, whereas the N-terminal region cannot bind to MT plus ends but can act in a dominant-negative capacity to reduce polymerization rates. Finally, we analyze mRNA expression patterns in Xenopus embryos for each TACC protein and observe neural enrichment of TACC3 expression compared with TACC1 and TACC2, which are also expressed in mesodermal tissues, including somites. Overall these data provide a novel assessment of all three TACC proteins as a family of +TIPs by highlighting the unique attributes of each, as well as their collective characteristics.
authors: Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467.
authors: Erin L
authors: EL
authors: Rutherford
authors: Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467.
authors: Leslie
authors: L
authors: Carandang
authors: Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467.
authors: Patrick T
authors: PT
authors: Ebbert
authors: Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467.
authors: Alexandra N
authors: AN
authors: Mills
authors: Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467.
authors: Jackson T
authors: JT
authors: Bowers
authors: Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 Laura.lowery@bc.edu.
authors: Laura Anne
authors: LA
authors: Lowery
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D047108:Embryonic Development; D015870:Gene Expression; D020439:Growth Cones / Q000378:metabolism; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D058105:Polymerization; D000072417:Protein Domains; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014981:Xenopus; D029867:Xenopus Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C405804:EB1 microtubule binding proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C000606779:TACC1 protein, Xenopus; C474872:TACC3 protein, Xenopus; D014157:Transcription Factors; D029867:Xenopus Proteins