title: Association of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Venous Thromboembolism in Women With Endometrial Cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies have demonstrated that surgical menopause results in a significantly increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in women with endometrial cancer. In addition, venous thromboembolism (VTE) is known to be one of the major prognostic factors for decreased survival in endometrial cancer. Given the fact that coagulation factors are produced in the liver, the correlation between NAFLD and VTE was examined in endometrial cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was conducted to examine patients with endometrial cancer who underwent surgical staging including oophorectomy between 2000 and 2013 (n = 714). Cumulative risk of VTE was examined based on the NAFLD status. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to determine the independent risk predictors of VTE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Venous thromboembolism and NAFLD were seen in 57 (8.0%) and 181 (25.4%) cases, respectively. Two-year cumulative risks of VTE and NAFLD were 7.9% and 19.3%, respectively. In univariate analysis, VTE was significantly associated with decreased disease-free survival (2-year rate, 43.6% vs 91.4%, P < .001) and overall survival (65.8% vs 96.8%, P < .001), whereas NAFLD was associated with decreased risk of VTE (1.7% vs 10.4%, P < .001). In multivariate analysis controlling for clinicopathological factors, NAFLD remained an independent predictor of decreased risk of VTE (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.07-0.79, P = .02). Thrombocytosis (HR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.22-4.35, P = .01), cancer antigen 125 ≥ 35 (HR: 3.81, 95% CI: 1.78-8.17, P < .001), and recurrent disease (HR: 4.57, 95% CI: 1.97-10.6, P < .001) remained as independent predictors of increased risk of VTE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that NAFLD may be associated with decreased VTE risk in women with endometrial cancer.
authors: 1 Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors: Aida
authors: A
authors: Moeini
authors: 1 Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors: Hiroko
authors: H
authors: Machida
authors: 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Tsuyoshi
authors: T
authors: Takiuchi
authors: 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA.
authors: Erin A
authors: EA
authors: Blake
authors: 1 Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors: Marianne S
authors: MS
authors: Hom
authors: 4 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors: Toshio
authors: T
authors: Miki
authors: 5 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Osamu
authors: O
authors: Matsuo
authors: 1 Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.|6 Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Matsuo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery
keywords: endometrial cancer; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; survival; venous thromboembolism