title: Clinical outcomes of long-acting injectable risperidone in patients with bipolar I disorder: A 1-year retrospective cohort study.
abstract: We explored the effect of risperidone long-acting injection (LAI) treatment on patients with bipolar I disorder in a real-world setting.
  
  
  
  In this retrospective cohort study, 469 patients with bipolar I disorder were enrolled and treated with risperidone LAI and different oral antipsychotics and followed for 1 year. Concomitant medications, such as mood stabilizers, antidepressant, anxiolytics, hypnotics, or anticholinergics, were administered. On the basis of risperidone LAI use and treatment compliance, the patients were classified into 4 groups: the first long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAI1) group (compliant patients receiving risperidone LAI treatment) (N=44), the second long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAI2) group (non-compliant patients receiving risperidone LAI treatment) (N=33), the first non-LAI (NLAI1) group (compliant patients receiving oral medications) (N =337), and the second non-LAI (NLAI2) group (non-compliant patients receiving oral medications) (N=55). The rate of re-hospitalization, length of hospital stay, and rate of emergency room visit were assessed.
  
  
  
  Compared with the non-LAI groups, the LAI groups had longer mean duration of illness (8.5 years, P=0.0001), higher rate of admission due to mood episodes (P<0.0001), depressive episodes (P<0.0001), or manic episodes (P=0.0002), and higher rate of emergency room visit (P=0.0003) before enrollment. After a 1-year follow-up, re-hospitalization rates were significantly lower in the LAI1 group than that before enrollment for any episodes (P=0.0001), manic episodes (P=0.005), and depressive episodes (P=0.002). The rates of emergency room visit were significantly lower in the LAI1 (P=0.0001), LAI2 (P=0.013), and NLAI1 (P=0.0001) groups compared with those before enrollment.
  
  
  
  Risperidone LAI reduces the clinical severity of bipolar I disorder.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Health Care Administration, School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Hsue-Wei
authors: HW
authors: Chan
authors: Department of Psychiatry, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Chin-Yu
authors: CY
authors: Huang
authors: Departments of Administrative Management, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health Services Administration, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors: Wen-Jui
authors: WJ
authors: Feng
authors: Department of Psychiatry, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Electronic address: jackycyen@yahoo.com.
authors: Yung-Chieh
authors: YC
authors: Yen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018967:Risperidone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D018967:Risperidone
keywords: Bipolar disorder; Emergency service; Long-acting injection; Rehospitalization; Risperidone