title: Does an asymmetric lobe in digital rectal examination include any risk for prostate cancer? results of 1495 biopsies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the well-known findings related to malignity in DRE such as nodule and induration, asymmetry of prostatic lobes, seen relatively, were investigated in a few studies as a predictor of prostate cancer so that there is no universally expected conclusion about asymmetry. We aimed to compare cancer detection rate of normal, asymmetric or suspicious findings in DRE by using biopsy results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data of 1495 patients underwent prostate biopsy between 2006-2014 were searched retrospectively. Biopsy indications were abnormal DRE and or elevated PSA level( >4ng/mL). DRE findings were recorded as Group 1: Benign DRE, Group 2: Asymmetry and Group 3: Nodule/induration. Age, prostatic volume , biopsy results and PSA levels were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age, prostate volume and PSA level were 66.72, 55.98 cc and 18.61ng/ mL respectively. Overall cancer detection rate was 38.66 % (575 of 1495). PSA levels were similar in group 1 and 2 but significantly higher in group 3. Prostatic volume was similar in group 1 and 2 and significantly lower in Group 3. Malignity detection rate of group 1,2 and 3 were 28.93%, 34.89% and 55.99% respectively. Group 1 and 2 were similar (p=0.105) but 3 had more chance for cancer detection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nodule is the most important finding in DRE for cancer detection. Only na asymmetric prostate itself does not mean malignity.
authors: GATA Haydarpasa Teaching Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Ömer
authors: Ö
authors: Yilmaz
authors: GATA Haydarpasa Teaching Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Özgür
authors: Ö
authors: Kurul
authors: GATA Haydarpasa Teaching Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Ferhat
authors: F
authors: Ates
authors: GATA Haydarpasa Teaching Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Hasan
authors: H
authors: Soydan
authors: GATA Haydarpasa Teaching Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Zeki
authors: Z
authors: Aktas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D051517:Digital Rectal Examination; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: Digital Rectal Examination; Neoplasms; Prostate