title: Reliable Digital Single Molecule Electrochemistry for Ultrasensitive Alkaline Phosphatase Detection.
abstract: Single molecule electrochemistry (SME) has gained much progress in fundamental studies, but it is difficult to use in practice due to its less reliability. We have solved the reliability of single molecule electrochemical detection by integration of digital analysis with efficient signal amplification of enzyme-induced metallization (EIM) together with high-throughput parallelism of microelectrode array (MA), establishing a digital single molecule electrochemical detection method (dSMED). Our dSMED has been successfully used for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) detection in the complex sample of liver cancer cells. Compared to direct measurement of the oxidation current of enzyme products, EIM can enhance signals by about 100 times, achieving signal-to-background ratio high enough for single molecule detection. The integration of digital analysis with SME can further decrease the detection limit of ALP to 1 aM relative to original 50 aM, enabling dSMED to be sensitively, specifically and reliably applied in liver cancer cells. The presented dSMED is enormously promising in exploring physical and chemical properties of single molecules, single biomolecular detection, or single-cell analysis.
authors: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.
authors: Zhen
authors: Z
authors: Wu
authors: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.
authors: Chuan-Hua
authors: CH
authors: Zhou
authors: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.
authors: Liang-Jun
authors: LJ
authors: Pan
authors: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Zeng
authors: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.
authors: Lian
authors: L
authors: Zhu
authors: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.
authors: Dai-Wen
authors: DW
authors: Pang
authors: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.
authors: Zhi-Ling
authors: ZL
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D057075:Enzyme Assays / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology; D008839:Microelectrodes
chemical_list: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase