title: Exposure to Tumescent Solution Significantly Increases Phosphorylation of Perilipin in Adipocytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lidocaine and epinephrine could potentially decrease adipocyte viability, but these effects have not been substantiated. The phosphorylation status of perilipin in adipocytes may be predictive of cell viability. Perilipin coats lipid droplets and restricts access of lipases; phospho-perilipin lacks this protective function.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The authors investigated the effects of tumescent solution containing lidocaine and epinephrine on the phosphorylation status of perilipin in adipocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this in vitro study, lipoaspirates were collected before and after tumescence from 15 women who underwent abdominoplasty. Fat samples were fixed, sectioned, and stained for histologic and immunohistochemical analyses. Relative phosphorylation of perilipin was inferred from pixel intensities of immunostained adipocytes observed with confocal microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For adipocytes collected before tumescent infiltration, 10.08% of total perilipin was phosphorylated. In contrast, 30.62% of total perilipin was phosphorylated for adipocytes collected from tumescent tissue (P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The tumescent technique increases the relative phosphorylation of perilipin in adipocytes, making these cells more vulnerable to lipolysis. Tumescent solution applied for analgesia or hemostasis of the donor site should contain the lowest possible concentrations of lidocaine and epinephrine. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5.
authors: From the Department of Histology and Embryology, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, and the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Ilknur
authors: I
authors: Keskin
authors: From the Department of Histology and Embryology, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, and the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Mustafa
authors: M
authors: Sutcu
authors: From the Department of Histology and Embryology, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, and the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Hilal
authors: H
authors: Eren
authors: From the Department of Histology and Embryology, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, and the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Mustafa
authors: M
authors: Keskin
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000009:adverse effects; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D008066:Lipolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D000070778:Perilipin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000070778:Perilipin-1; D008012:Lidocaine; D009638:Norepinephrine