title: Electroconvulsive shock attenuated microgliosis and astrogliosis in the hippocampus and ameliorated schizophrenia-like behavior of Gunn rat.
abstract: Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is regarded as one of the efficient treatments for intractable psychiatric disorders, the mechanism of therapeutic action remains unclear. Recently, many studies indicate that ECT affects the immune-related cells, such as microglia, astrocytes, and lymphocytes. Moreover, microglial activation and astrocytic activation have been implicated in the postmortem brains of schizophrenia patients. We previously demonstrated that Gunn rats showed schizophrenia-like behavior and microglial activation in their brains. The present study examined the effects of electroconvulsive shock (ECS), an animal counterpart of ECT, on schizophrenia-like behavior, microgliosis, and astrogliosis in the brain of Gunn rats.
  
  
  
  The rats were divided into four groups, i.e., Wistar sham, Wistar ECS, Gunn sham, and Gunn ECS. ECS groups received ECS once daily for six consecutive days. Subsequently, prepulse inhibition (PPI) test was performed, and immunohistochemistry analysis was carried out to determine the activation degree of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus by using anti-CD11b and anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody, respectively.
  
  
  
  We found PPI deficit in Gunn rats compared to Wistar rats, and it was significantly improved by ECS. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that immunoreactivity of CD11b and GFAP was significantly increased in Gunn rats compared to Wistar rats. ECS significantly attenuated the immunoreactivity of both CD11b and GFAP in Gunn rats.
  
  
  
  ECS ameliorated schizophrenia-like behavior of Gunn rats and attenuated microgliosis and astrogliosis in the hippocampus of Gunn rats. Accordingly, therapeutic effects of ECT may be exerted, at least in part, by inhibition of glial activation. These results may provide crucial information to elucidate the role of activated glia in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and to determine whether future therapeutic interventions should attempt to up-regulate or down-regulate glial functions.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan.|Department of Psychiatry, Hasanuddin University Faculty of Medicine, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Makassar, 90245, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
authors: Erlyn
authors: E
authors: Limoa
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan. hashioka@med.shimane-u.ac.jp.
authors: Sadayuki
authors: S
authors: Hashioka
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan.
authors: Tsuyoshi
authors: T
authors: Miyaoka
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan.
authors: Keiko
authors: K
authors: Tsuchie
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan.
authors: Ryosuke
authors: R
authors: Arauchi
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan.|Department of Psychiatry, Hasanuddin University Faculty of Medicine, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Makassar, 90245, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
authors: Ilhamuddin A
authors: IA
authors: Azis
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan.
authors: Rei
authors: R
authors: Wake
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan.
authors: Maiko
authors: M
authors: Hayashida
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan.
authors: Tomoko
authors: T
authors: Araki
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan.|Department of Developmental Biology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan.
authors: Motohide
authors: M
authors: Furuya
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Hasanuddin University Faculty of Medicine, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Makassar, 90245, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
authors: Kristian
authors: K
authors: Liaury
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Hasanuddin University Faculty of Medicine, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Makassar, 90245, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
authors: Andi J
authors: AJ
authors: Tanra
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Horiguchi
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D039481:CD11b Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004597:Electroshock; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005911:Gliosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000235:genetics; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000473:pathology; D065808:Prepulse Inhibition / Q000502:physiology; D011571:Psychoacoustics; D051381:Rats; D011911:Rats, Gunn; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D039481:CD11b Antigen; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein
keywords: Astrocytes; Electroconvulsive shock; Gunn rat; Hippocampus; Microglia; Schizophrenia