title: Disability and Quality of Life of Subjects with Bipolar Affective Disorder in Remission.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite significant advances in pharmacological and psychological therapies for bipolar disorder, many people continue to have less than optimal outcomes, which are associated with significant disability and poor quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to assess the disability and QOL and factors associated with such suboptimal outcomes in subjects with bipolar disorder in remission.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients diagnosed to have bipolar disorder in remission attending the Department of Psychiatry, MOSC Medical College, Kerala, India were recruited for the study. They were assessed using the International Classification of Diseases Diagnostic Criteria for Research-10, Hamilton Scale for Depression, Young's Mania Rating Scale, World Health Organization-QOL (WHO QOL-BREF), WHO-Disability Assessment Scale (WHO-DAS), and Kuppuswamy's scale for socioeconomic status assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-four patients were evaluated. The mean total WHO-DAS score was 19.2 ± 2.09, the maximum disability in domain 4 (getting along) followed by domain 2 (mobility). The mean total WHO-QOL BREF score was 54.26 ± 2.85, the lowest subscore in domain 3 (social interactions). Disability scores were significantly associated with increasing age, female gender, not being an earning member of the family, and lower QOL scores. Poorer QOL scores were significantly associated with increasing age and higher disability score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many bipolar patients in remission have significant disability and poorer QOL. There is a need for longitudinal studies to explore such associations and develop interventions to reduce the disability thereby enhancing the QOL.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, MOSC Medical College, Kolenchery, Kerala, India.
authors: Soumya P
authors: SP
authors: Thomas
authors: Department of Psychiatry, MOSC Medical College, Kolenchery, Kerala, India.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Nisha
authors: Department of Psychiatry, MOSC Medical College, Kolenchery, Kerala, India.
authors: P Joseph
authors: PJ
authors: Varghese
keywords: Bipolar disorder; disability; quality of life