title: 'Dignity therapy', a promising intervention in palliative care: A comprehensive systematic literature review.
abstract: Dignity therapy is psychotherapy to relieve psychological and existential distress in patients at the end of life. Little is known about its effect.
  
  
  
  To analyse the outcomes of dignity therapy in patients with advanced life-threatening diseases.
  
  
  
  Systematic review was conducted. Three authors extracted data of the articles and evaluated quality using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Data were synthesized, considering study objectives.
  
  
  
  PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO. The years searched were 2002 (year of dignity therapy development) to January 2016. 'Dignity therapy' was used as search term. Studies with patients with advanced life-threatening diseases were included.
  
  
  
  Of 121 studies, 28 were included. Quality of studies is high. Results were grouped into effectiveness, satisfaction, suitability and feasibility, and adaptability to different diseases and cultures. Two of five randomized control trials applied dignity therapy to patients with high levels of baseline psychological distress. One showed statistically significant decrease on patients' anxiety and depression scores over time. The other showed statistical decrease on anxiety scores pre-post dignity therapy, not on depression. Nonrandomized studies suggested statistically significant improvements in existential and psychosocial measurements. Patients, relatives and professionals perceived it improved end-of-life experience.
  
  
  
  Evidence suggests that dignity therapy is beneficial. One randomized controlled trial with patients with high levels of psychological distress shows DT efficacy in anxiety and depression scores. Other design studies report beneficial outcomes in terms of end-of-life experience. Further research should understand how dignity therapy functions to establish a means for measuring its impact and assessing whether high level of distress patients can benefit most from this therapy.
authors: 1 Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Servicio de Cuidados Paliativos, Avenida Pío XII, 31080, Pamplona, España.|2 Universidad de Navarra, ICS, ATLANTES, Campus Universitario, 31080, Pamplona, España.|3 IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, España.
authors: Marina
authors: M
authors: Martínez
authors: 2 Universidad de Navarra, ICS, ATLANTES, Campus Universitario, 31080, Pamplona, España.|3 IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, España.
authors: María
authors: M
authors: Arantzamendi
authors: 2 Universidad de Navarra, ICS, ATLANTES, Campus Universitario, 31080, Pamplona, España.|4 Hospital Aita Menni, Arrasate-Mondragón, España.
authors: Alazne
authors: A
authors: Belar
authors: 2 Universidad de Navarra, ICS, ATLANTES, Campus Universitario, 31080, Pamplona, España.|3 IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, España.
authors: José Miguel
authors: JM
authors: Carrasco
authors: 2 Universidad de Navarra, ICS, ATLANTES, Campus Universitario, 31080, Pamplona, España.|3 IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, España.|5 Departamento de Enfermería de la Persona Adulta, Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España.
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Carvajal
authors: 2 Universidad de Navarra, ICS, ATLANTES, Campus Universitario, 31080, Pamplona, España.|6 Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Departamento de Gastroenterología, Pamplona, España.
authors: María
authors: M
authors: Rullán
authors: 1 Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Servicio de Cuidados Paliativos, Avenida Pío XII, 31080, Pamplona, España.|2 Universidad de Navarra, ICS, ATLANTES, Campus Universitario, 31080, Pamplona, España.|3 IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, España.
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Centeno
mesh_terms: D003376:Counseling / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods; D011614:Psychotherapy, Brief / Q000379:methods*; D011788:Quality of Life; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000628:therapy*; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000379:methods; D019452:Terminally Ill / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Dignity therapy; end of life; palliative care; psychotherapy; terminal