title: Feasibility of real-time near-infrared indocyanine green fluorescence endoscopy for the evaluation of mucosal head and neck lesions.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility and potential drawbacks of near-infrared (NIR) endoscopy with indocyanine green (ICG) to examine mucosal head and neck lesions.
  
  
  
  NIR ICG endoscopy was applied to image head and neck cancer epithelium in vivo. The evaluation of the ICG videos was performed off-line independently by 2 evaluators and blinded with respect to final histopathological results from biopsies taken as the gold standard.
  
  
  
  Forty percent of the lesions from 55 patients were histologically malignant. ICG positivity showed a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy to be related to a malignant tumor of 90.5%, 90.9%, and 89.1%, respectively. The kappa index for the interobserver assessment showed a 94.4% agreement for the assessment of the ICG positivity. Side effects of the NIR ICG endoscopy did not arise.
  
  
  
  NIR ICG endoscopy in patients with mucosal head and neck lesions was feasible and safe. It might help intraoperatively to differentiate benign from malignant lesions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 234-240, 2017.
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
authors: Florian
authors: F
authors: Schmidt
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.|Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Dittberner
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
authors: Sven
authors: S
authors: Koscielny
authors: Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
authors: Iver
authors: I
authors: Petersen
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
authors: Orlando
authors: O
authors: Guntinas-Lichius
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005453:Fluorescence; D005858:Germany; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007208:Indocyanine Green
keywords: diagnostics; fluorescence imaging; head and neck cancer; indocyanine green; near-infrared endoscopy; tumor margin