title: Supplementation with Ca salts of soybean oil interacts with concentrate level in grazing dairy cows: intake, ingestive behavior, and ruminal parameters.
abstract: In this study, we investigated the associative effects of concentrate levels and Ca salts of soybean oil (CSSO) supplementation on performance and ruminal parameters of mid-lactation dairy cows grazing on tropical pasture. Twenty-four Jersey × Holstein cows were used in a randomized block design and assigned to four treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Factors evaluated were concentrate levels (low, 3 kg/day vs. high, 7 kg/day of concentrate) and CSSO supplementation (without CSSO vs. with 250 g CSSO cow/day). All cows grazed on elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Cameroon) and received the supplemental treatments for a 90-day period. The high concentrate level decreased forage intake and grazing time. In addition, the high concentrate level increased rumen propionate concentration and microbial synthesis and tended to decrease ammonia-N compared with low concentrate level. The addition of CSSO tended to decrease valerate, isobutyrate, isovalerate, and microbial synthesis. In conclusion, feeding CSSO for mid lactating cows grazing on tropical pasture had negative effects on rumen function. In contrast, CSSO supplementation tended to interact with concentrate level and increased energy intake when fed at low concentrate level. Feeding the high level of concentrate was an effective strategy to increase energy intake and microbial synthesis and improve N utilization.
authors: Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Padua Dias Av, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil.
authors: Fernanda Lopes
authors: FL
authors: Macedo
authors: Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Padua Dias Av, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil.|Department of Animal Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 81601, USA.
authors: Fernanda
authors: F
authors: Batistel
authors: Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Padua Dias Av, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil.|Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
authors: Jonas
authors: J
authors: de Souza
authors: Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Padua Dias Av, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil.
authors: Lucas Jado
authors: LJ
authors: Chagas
authors: Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Padua Dias Av, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil. fapsantos@usp.br.
authors: Flávio Augusto Portela
authors: FA
authors: Santos
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D002163:Cameroon; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D003612:Dairying; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism; D012492:Salts; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014329:Tropical Climate
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D012492:Salts; D013024:Soybean Oil
keywords: Ca salts of soybean oil; Concentrate level; Dairy cows; Tropical pasture