title: Phylogenetics and biogeography of the dung beetle genus Onthophagus inferred from mitochondrial genomes.
abstract: Phylogenetic relationships of dung beetles in the tribe Onthophagini, including the species-rich, cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus, were inferred using whole mitochondrial genomes. Data were generated by shotgun sequencing of mixed genomic DNA from >100 individuals on 50% of an Illumina MiSeq flow cell. Genome assembly of the mixed reads produced contigs of 74 (nearly) complete mitogenomes. The final dataset included representatives of Onthophagus from all biogeographic regions, closely related genera of Onthophagini, and the related tribes Onitini and Oniticellini. The analysis defined four major clades of Onthophagini, which was paraphyletic for Oniticellini, with Onitini as sister group to all others. Several (sub)genera considered as members of Onthophagus in the older literature formed separate deep lineages. All New World species of Onthophagus formed a monophyletic group, and the Australian taxa are confined to a single or two closely related clades, one of which forms the sister group of the New World species. Dating the tree by constraining the basal splits with existing calibrations of Scarabaeoidea suggests an origin of Onthophagini sensu lato in the Eocene and a rapid spread from an African ancestral stock into the Oriental region, and secondarily to Australia and the Americas at about 20-24 Mya. The successful assembly of mitogenomes and the well-supported tree obtained from these sequences demonstrates the power of shotgun sequencing from total genomic DNA of species pools as an efficient tool in genus-level phylogenetics.
authors: Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: thijmen.breeschoten@gmail.com.
authors: Thijmen
authors: T
authors: Breeschoten
authors: Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Camiel
authors: C
authors: Doorenweerd
authors: National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, 1122 Volunteer Blvd, Ste. 106, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
authors: Sergei
authors: S
authors: Tarasov
authors: Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom; Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Imperial College London, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL5 7PY, United Kingdom.
authors: Alfried P
authors: AP
authors: Vogler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002138:Calibration; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Bulk sequencing; Coleoptera; Historical biogeography; Illumina MiSeq; Mitogenomics; Scarabaeidae