title: Technical feasibility and safety of an intraoperative head-up display device during spine instrumentation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The primary aim of this study was to determine the safety and feasibility of capturing and streaming neuronavigation images onto a head-up display during spine instrumentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a novel device, neuronavigation images were captured and transferred wirelessly via a password-encrypted network to the head-up display. At the end of the procedure, the surgeons completed a survey to gather their opinions of the system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty pedicle screws were placed using the head-up display. The average screw placement time was slightly shorter when the head-up display was used (4.13 min with vs. 4.86 min without). The post-procedure survey demonstrated that 79% of surgeon's responses were positive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A wearable head-up display can benefit current neuronavigation systems, but larger, outcomes-based trials are needed. Higher processing speed would allow streaming of higher resolution images. Along with an enlarged display, these may significantly improve utilization of this technology. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
authors: Jang W
authors: JW
authors: Yoon
authors: Emory University School of Medicine, 648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, GA, 30307, USA.|Georgia Institute of Technology, North Ave NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
authors: Robert E
authors: RE
authors: Chen
authors: Georgia Institute of Technology, North Ave NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
authors: Phillip K
authors: PK
authors: Han
authors: Georgia Institute of Technology, North Ave NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
authors: Phong
authors: P
authors: Si
authors: Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurology, and Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
authors: William D
authors: WD
authors: Freeman
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.|St. Vincent's Spine and Brain Institute, 4205 Belfort Rd #1100, Jacksonville, FL, 32216, USA.
authors: Stephen M
authors: SM
authors: Pirris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004867:Equipment Design; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000295:instrumentation*; D038361:Neuronavigation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D065289:Pedicle Screws; D012449:Safety; D013131:Spine / Q000601:surgery*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation; D000076251:Wearable Electronic Devices; D059015:Wireless Technology
keywords: Google Glass; head-up display; image guidance; navigation; pedicle screw; spine fusion; streaming; wearable computing