title: Cudraticusxanthone A isolated from the roots of Cudrania tricuspidata inhibits metastasis and induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The roots of Cudrania tricuspidata is a deciduous tree found in Korea, China, and Japan. C. tricuspidata contains an abundance of various minerals, B vitamins, and flavonoids to help prevent diverse cancers. Cudratricusxanthone A (CTXA), a compound isolated from the roots of C. tricuspidata, has potent anti-proliferative, antioxidative, and monoamine oxidase inhibitory effects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In the present study, cudratricusxanthone A (CTXA) is a xanthone isolated from the bioassay-guided fractionation of the EtOH extract of C. tricuspidata with strong anti-cancer activity in breast cancer cells. The effect of CTXA on cell migration and apoptosis were evaluated in the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cell lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Effects of CTXA on phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Flow cytometric measurements of CTXA-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results show that CTXA gradually reduced viability of the two breast cancer cell lines and induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, CTXA effectively blocked breast cancer cell migration and invasion. CTXA decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9, extracellular regulated kinases 1 and 2 and phosphorylation of the inhibitor IκBα in the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Collectively, these results indicate that CTXA possesses anti-cancer activities and provide a basis for developing effective therapeutic agents to inhibit growth and metastasis of breast cancer.
authors: College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: smjeon1030@gmail.com.
authors: Soo-Myeong
authors: SM
authors: Jeon
authors: College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: dslee2771@chosun.ac.kr.
authors: Dong-Sung
authors: DS
authors: Lee
authors: College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: gsjeong@kmu.ac.kr.
authors: Gil-Saeong
authors: GS
authors: Jeong
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D029586:Moraceae / Q000737:chemistry; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*; D044004:Xanthones / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D044004:Xanthones; C533013:cudratricusxanthone A
keywords: Apoptosis; Cudrania tricuspidata; Cudratricusxanthone A; MCF-7 cells; MDA-MB-231 cells; Metastasis