title: AFM and QCM-D as tools for the distinction of melanoma cells with a different metastatic potential.
abstract: Malignant melanoma is one of the most dangerous skin cancer originating from melanocytes. Thus, an early and proper melanoma diagnosis influences significantly the therapy efficiency. The melanoma recognition is still difficult, and generally, relies on subjective assessments. In particular, there is a lack of quantitative methods used in melanoma diagnosis and in the monitoring of tumour progression. One such method can be the atomic force microscopy (AFM) working in the force spectroscopy mode combined with quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), both applied to quantify the molecular interactions. In our study we have compared the recognition of mannose type glycans in melanocytes (HEMa-LP) and melanoma cells originating from the radial growth phase (WM35) and from lung metastasis (A375-P). The glycosylation level on their surfaces was probed using lectin concanavalin A (Con A) from Canavalia ensiformis. The interactions of Con A with surface glycans were quantified with both AFM and QCM techniques that revealed the presence of various glycan structural groups in a cell-dependent manner. The Con A - mannose (or glucose) type glycans present on WM35 cell surface are rather short and less ramified while in A375-P cells, Con A binds to long, branched mannose and glucose types of oligosaccharides.
authors: Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Sobiepanek
authors: Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Małgorzata
authors: M
authors: Milner-Krawczyk
authors: Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Krakow, Poland.
authors: Małgorzata
authors: M
authors: Lekka
authors: Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: kobiela@ch.pw.edu.pl.
authors: Tomasz
authors: T
authors: Kobiela
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000737:chemistry; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006031:Glycosylation; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000556:secondary; D008358:Mannose / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008545:Melanoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D058525:Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D011134:Polysaccharides; D003208:Concanavalin A; D006046:Gold; D005947:Glucose; D008358:Mannose
keywords: Atomic force microscopy; Lectin-carbohydrate interaction; Melanoma cells; Quartz crystal microbalance