title: Powered two-wheeler riders' risk of crashes associated with filtering on urban roads.
abstract: The objective of this study is to estimate the crash risk per kilometer traveled by powered two-wheeler (PTW) riders filtering through traffic on urban roads.
  
  
  
  Using the traffic injury crashes recorded by the police over a period of 3 years on 14 sections of urban roads in the city of Marseille, France, and a campaign of observations of PTWs, the crash risk per kilometer traveled by PTWs filtering was estimated and compared to the risk of PTWs that did not filter.
  
  
  
  The results show that the risk of PTW riders being involved in injury crashes while filtering is significantly higher than the risk for riders who do not filter. For the 14 sections studied, it is 3.94 times greater (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.63, 5.89). This excess risk occurred for all PTW categories. Furthermore, no space appears to be safer than the others for filtering. Riders filtering forward along the axis of the carriageway, along bus lanes, or between traffic lanes (lane-splitting) all have a crash risk greater than the risk of those who do not filter.
  
  
  
  All measures limiting the practice of filtering by PTWs on urban roads would probably contribute to improving the safety of their users.
authors: a IFSTTAR , TS2, LMA, Salon de Provence , France.
authors: Nicolas
authors: N
authors: Clabaux
authors: a IFSTTAR , TS2, LMA, Salon de Provence , France.
authors: Jean-Yves
authors: JY
authors: Fournier
authors: a IFSTTAR , TS2, LMA, Salon de Provence , France.
authors: Jean-Emmanuel
authors: JE
authors: Michel
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001334:Automobile Driving; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D009049:Motorcycles; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D017751:Safety Management; D014505:Urban Population
keywords: Powered two-wheelers; crash risk; filtering; lane splitting; moped; motorcycle