title: Organophosphate esters in total suspended particulates of an urban city in East China.
abstract: Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are ubiquitous contaminants in the environment, but little is known on the occurrence and distribution of OPEs in the background atmosphere of urban environments. In this study, air samples were collected from two sites in the city of Shanghai, a typical fast developing metropolitan of East China, for investigating the concentration levels, composition profiles, potential sources and human health risk to OPEs. The annual average (median) values of total suspended particulates ΣOPEs concentrations were 19.4 (16.6) and 6.6 (4.4) ng/m3for the sub-urban (BS) and urban (XJH) sampling sites, respectively. The ΣOPEs concentrations at BS were significantly higher than those at XJH (P < 0.01), suggesting that more local sources of these compounds in the sub-urban area. The composition profile for ΣOPEs concentrations was different between the two sites, possibly because they originated from different sources. At BS, the dominated OPEs profile was TPhP followed by TCPP and TCEP > TDCPP > TBP > TCP, accounting for 37.0%, 19.6%, 15.8%, 11.8%, 11.0% and 4.2% of the ΣOPEs, respectively. Comparatively, chlorinated OPEs (TCEP, TCPP, and TDCPP) were major contributors to ΣOPEs concentrations at XJH, with the sum of all three chlorinated OPEs concentrations comprising 69.0% of the ΣOPEs. Based on the measured data in the present study human daily intake of each OPEs through particulate inhalation were estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation and the preliminary exposure assessments suggested a low risk of OPEs via inhalation in Shanghai.
authors: Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
authors: Guofa
authors: G
authors: Ren
authors: Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
authors: Zheng
authors: Z
authors: Chen
authors: Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China. Electronic address: fengjialiang@shu.edu.cn.
authors: Jialiang
authors: J
authors: Feng
authors: Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
authors: Wen
authors: W
authors: Ji
authors: Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
authors: Jin
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
authors: Kewen
authors: K
authors: Zheng
authors: Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China. Electronic address: zhiqiang@gig.ac.cn.
authors: Zhiqianng
authors: Z
authors: Yu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
authors: Xiangying
authors: X
authors: Zeng
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D001272:Atmosphere / Q000032:analysis; D002681:China; D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004952:Esters; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000032:analysis*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D014507:Urbanization
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D004952:Esters; D010755:Organophosphates; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Human exposure; Organophosphate esters; Shanghai; Total suspended particulates