title: Suppression of Cartilage Degradation by Zingerone Involving the p38 and JNK MAPK Signaling Pathway.
abstract: Zingerone, an active compound that is present in cooked ginger, has been claimed to be a bioactive ingredient that holds the potential of preventing and/or treating diseases involving inflammation. In this study, zingerone was used to discover its properties against joint inflammation using interleukin-1β-induced osteoarthritis in cartilage explant and cell culture models. Zingerone was supplemented into the cartilage explant and cell culture media at different concentrations along with the presence of interleukin-1β, an inducer of osteoarthritis. Markers indicating cartilage degradation, inflammation, and the signaling molecules involved in the inflammatory induction were investigated. Diacerien, an anti-osteoarthritic drug, was used as a positive control. Zingerone at a concentration of 40 µM reduced the level of matrix metalloproteinase-13 to about 31.95 ± 4.33 % compared with the interleukin-1β-treated group and halted cartilage explant degradation as indicated by reducing the accumulative release of sulfated glycosaminoglycans by falling to the control concomitantly with an elevation of the remaining contents of uronic acid and collagen in the explant tissues when zingerone was added. In the SW1353 cell line model, zingerone efficiently suppressed the expression of TNF-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 mRNA levels and tended to reduce the levels of both p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that zingerone potentially reduced cartilage degradation, which is partially involved in p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinases of the mitogen activator protein kinase signaling pathway leading to the reduction of proinflammatory cytokine amplification effects and cartilage-degrading enzyme syntheses. This finding supports the contention that ginger holds positive pharmaceutical effects against osteoarthritis.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
authors: Jetsada
authors: J
authors: Ruangsuriya
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
authors: Piyaporn
authors: P
authors: Budprom
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
authors: Nawarat
authors: N
authors: Viriyakhasem
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
authors: Patiwat
authors: P
authors: Kongdang
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
authors: Chatchadawalai
authors: C
authors: Chokchaitaweesuk
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
authors: Nutnicha
authors: N
authors: Sirikaew
authors: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
authors: Siriwadee
authors: S
authors: Chomdej
authors: Animal Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
authors: Korakot
authors: K
authors: Nganvongpanit
authors: Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry and the Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
authors: Siriwan
authors: S
authors: Ongchai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002356:Cartilage / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D006139:Guaiacol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects*; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 / Q000378:metabolism; D008662:Metacarpophalangeal Joint / Q000187:drug effects; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013552:Swine; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D007378:Interleukins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C025292:diacerein; C013738:zingerone; D006139:Guaiacol; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C507079:MMP13 protein, human; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13