title: Diverse macrophages polarization in tumor microenvironment.
abstract: Macrophages are traditional innate immune cells that play critical roles in the clearance of pathogens and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Accumulating evidence proves that macrophages affect cancer initiation and malignancy. Macrophages can be categorized into two extreme subsets, classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages based on their distinct functional abilities in response to microenvironmental stimuli. In a tumor microenvironment, tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are considered to be of the polarized M2 phenotype that enhances tumor progression and represent a poor prognosis. Furthermore, TAMs enhance tumor angiogenesis, growth, metastasis, and immunosuppression by secreting a series of cytokines, chemokines, and proteases. The regulation of macrophage polarization is considered to be a potential future therapy for cancer management.
authors: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdongro, Gwangjingu, Seoul, 05002, Republic of Korea. nature@sejong.ac.kr.
authors: Inmoo
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5272-712X
authors: I
authors: Rhee
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D017239:Paclitaxel
keywords: M1 macrophage; M2 macrophage; Macrophage polarization; Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs); Tumor microenvironment