title: Delay discounting and response disinhibition under acute experimental stress in women with borderline personality disorder and adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: Impulsivity is a core feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In BPD, impulsive behavior primarily occurs under acute stress; impulse control deficits under non-stress conditions may be partly related to co-morbid ADHD. We aimed to investigate whether acute experimental stress has an impact on self-reported impulsivity, response inhibition (action withholding, action cancelation) and delay discounting in BPD compared to ADHD.
  
  
  
  Thirty female BPD patients, 28 female ADHD patients (excluding patients with co-morbid BPD and ADHD), and 30 female healthy controls (HC) completed self-reports and behavioral measures of impulsivity (IMT, assessing action withholding; GoStop, measuring action cancelation, Delay Discounting Task) under baseline conditions and after an experimental stress induction (Mannheim Multicomponent Stress Test).
  
  
  
  Both patient groups reported higher impulsivity than HC, ADHD reported higher trait impulsivity than BPD. On the IMT, ADHD showed significant action-withholding deficits under both conditions, while BPD performed significantly worse than HC under stress. In BPD but not ADHD and HC, action-withholding deficits (IMT) were significantly increased under stress compared to baseline, while no group/stress effects were found for action cancelation (GoStop). Delay discounting was significantly more pronounced in BPD than in HC (no stress effect was found).
  
  
  
  In BPD, behavioral deficits in action withholding (but not in action cancelation) appear to be influenced by acute experimental stress. Delay discounting seems to be a general feature of BPD, independent of co-morbid ADHD and acute stress, possibly underlying typical expressions of behavioral impulsivity in the disorder.
authors: Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy,Central Institute of Mental Health,Mannheim,Germany.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Krause-Utz
authors: Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy,Central Institute of Mental Health,Mannheim,Germany.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Cackowski
authors: Medical Faculty Mannheim,Heidelberg University,Mannheim,Germany.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Daffner
authors: Medical Faculty Mannheim,Heidelberg University,Mannheim,Germany.
authors: Esther
authors: E
authors: Sobanski
authors: Medical Faculty Mannheim,Heidelberg University,Mannheim,Germany.
authors: Michael M
authors: MM
authors: Plichta
authors: Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy,Central Institute of Mental Health,Mannheim,Germany.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Bohus
authors: Medical Faculty Mannheim,Heidelberg University,Mannheim,Germany.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Ende
authors: Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy,Central Institute of Mental Health,Mannheim,Germany.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Schmahl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D065786:Delay Discounting; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; borderline personality disorder; delay discounting; impulsivity; response inhibition; stress