title: Fish oil prevents changes induced by a high-fat diet on metabolism and adipokine secretion in mice subcutaneous and visceral adipocytes.
abstract: Fish oil (FO), rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, has beneficial effects on changes induced by obesity and partially prevents associated comorbidities. The effects of FO on adipocytes from different adipose tissue depots in high-fat (HF) diet induced obese mice have not been uninvestigated. This is the first study to examine the effects of FO on changes in metabolism and adipokine production in adipocytes from s.c. (inguinal; ING) or visceral (retroperitoneal; RP) white adipose depots in a HF diet-induced obese mice. Unlike most studies performed previously, FO supplementation was initiated 4 weeks before the induction of obesity. HF diet caused marked changes in ING (glucose uptake and secretion of adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in ING) and RP (lipolysis, de novo lipogenesis and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines) adipose depots. Previous and concomitant FO administration prevented the changes in ING and RP adipocytes induced by the HF diet.
  
  
  
  In the present study, we investigated the effect of fish oil (FO) on metabolism and adipokine production by adipocytes from s.c. (inguinal; ING) and visceral (retroperitoneal; RP) white adipose depots in high-fat (HF) diet-induced obese mice. Mice were divided into CO (control diet), CO+FO, HF and HF+FO groups. The HF group presented higher body weight, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, higher plasma total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and greater weights of ING and RP adipose depots accompanied by hypertrophy of the adipocytes. FO exerted anti-obesogenic effects associated with beneficial effects on dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance in mice fed a HF diet (HF+FO group). HF raised RP adipocyte lipolysis and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced de novo synthesis of fatty acids, whereas, in ING adipocytes, it decreased glucose uptake and adiponectin secretion but did not change lipolysis. Therefore, the adipose depots play different roles in HF diet-induced insulin resistance according to their location in the body. Concerning cytokine secretion, adipocytes per se in addition to white adopise tissue infiltrated leukocytes have to be considered in the aetiology of the comorbidities associated with obesity. Evidence is presented showing that previous and concomitant administration of FO can prevent changes in metabolism and the secretion of hormones and cytokines in ING and RP adipocytes induced by HF.
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil.
authors: Roberta D C da Cunha
authors: RD
authors: de Sá
authors: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Amanda R
authors: AR
authors: Crisma
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil.
authors: Maysa M
authors: MM
authors: Cruz
authors: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Amanda R
authors: AR
authors: Martins
authors: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Laureane N
authors: LN
authors: Masi
authors: Campus of Exact Science and Technology, State University of Goias, Anapolis, Brazil.
authors: Catia L
authors: 0000-0003-4949-5668
authors: CL
authors: do Amaral
authors: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Curi
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil. alonsovale@gmail.com.
authors: Maria I C
authors: MI
authors: Alonso-Vale
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008066:Lipolysis; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D005395:Fish Oils; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha