title: Novel GM-CSF-based vaccines: One small step in GM-CSF gene optimization, one giant leap for human vaccines.
abstract: Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a potent immunomodulatory cytokine that is known to facilitate vaccine efficacy by promoting the development and prolongation of both humoral and cellular immunity. In the past years we have generated a novel codon-optimized GM-CSF gene as an adjuvant. The codon-optimized GM-CSF gene significantly increased protein expression levels in all cells tested and helped in generating a strong immune responses against HIV-1 Gag and HPV-associated cancer. Here, we review the literature dealing with the adjuvant activity of GM-CSF both in animal models and clinical trials. We anticipate that the codon-optimized GM-CSF gene offers a practical molecular strategy for potentiating immune responses to tumor cell-based vaccinations as well as other immunotherapeutic strategies.
authors: a School of Medicine , Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan , ROC.|b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Taoyuan , Taiwan , ROC.
authors: Ting-Wei
authors: TW
authors: Yu
authors: a School of Medicine , Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan , ROC.|b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Taoyuan , Taiwan , ROC.
authors: Ho-Yen
authors: HY
authors: Chueh
authors: a School of Medicine , Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan , ROC.|c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine , Kaohsiung , Taiwan , ROC.
authors: Ching-Chou
authors: CC
authors: Tsai
authors: a School of Medicine , Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan , ROC.|b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Taoyuan , Taiwan , ROC.
authors: Cheng-Tao
authors: CT
authors: Lin
authors: a School of Medicine , Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan , ROC.|b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Taoyuan , Taiwan , ROC.|d Department of Biomedical Sciences , School of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan , ROC.
authors: Jiantai Timothy
authors: JT
authors: Qiu
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D023421:Models, Animal
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
keywords: GM-CSF; cancer vaccine; cytotoxic T cells; immunotherapy