title: Longitudinal association of antidepressant medication use with metabolic syndrome: Results of a 9-year follow-up of the D.E.S.I.R. cohort study.
abstract: To examine longitudinal associations between antidepressant medication use and the metabolic syndrome (MetS).
  
  
  
  5014 participants (49.8% were men) from the D.E.S.I.R. cohort study, aged 30-65 years at baseline in 1994-1996, were followed over 9 years at 3-yearly intervals (1997-1999, 2000-2002, and 2003-2005). Antidepressant use and MetS, defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria (NCEP-ATP III) and the American Heart Association and the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) criteria, were assessed concurrently at four medical examinations.
  
  
  
  In fully-adjusted longitudinal logistic regression analyses based on generalized estimating equations, antidepressant users had a 9% (p=0.011) and a 6% (p=0.036) greater annual increase in the odds of having the MetS defined by NCEP-ATP III and AHA/NHLBI criteria respectively. Sex-specific analyses showed that this association was confined to men only. When the different types of antidepressant were considered, men who used selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), imipramine type antidepressants or "other" antidepressants had a 52% (p=0.028), 31% (p=0.011), and 16% (p=0.016) greater annual increase in the odds of having the MetS over time compared to non-users, respectively. These associations depended on the definition of the MetS.
  
  
  
  Our longitudinal data showed that antidepressant use was associated with an increased odds of having the MetS in men but not in women and this was mainly for SSRIs, imipramine type and "other" antidepressants. People on antidepressants may need to be checked regularly for the elements of the metabolic syndrome treatable by change in diet, physical activity and/or by medication therapy.
authors: INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, F-94807, Villejuif, France; University Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMRS 1018, F-78035, Versailles, France. Electronic address: marine.azevedo@inserm.fr.
authors: Marine
authors: M
authors: Azevedo Da Silva
authors: INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, F-94807, Villejuif, France; University Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMRS 1018, F-78035, Versailles, France; University Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, F-94807, Villejuif, France.
authors: Beverley
authors: B
authors: Balkau
authors: Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Nutrition, DHU FIRE, Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors: Ronan
authors: R
authors: Roussel
authors: Institut inter Régional pour la Santé (IRSA), La Riche, France.
authors: Jean
authors: J
authors: Tichet
authors: INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors: Frédéric
authors: F
authors: Fumeron
authors: INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, F-94807, Villejuif, France; University Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, F-94807, Villejuif, France.
authors: Guy
authors: G
authors: Fagherazzi
authors: INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, F-94807, Villejuif, France; University Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMRS 1018, F-78035, Versailles, France.
authors: Hermann
authors: H
authors: Nabi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
keywords: AHA/NHLBI; Antidepressant; Cohort study; Metabolic syndrome; NCEP-ATP III; Prospective study