title: Sleep in family caregivers of ICU survivors for two months post-ICU discharge.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe changes in sleep quality in family caregivers of ICU survivors from the patients' ICU admission until two months post-ICU discharge.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive repeated measure design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic hospital medical ICU.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjective sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]) and objective sleep/wake variables (SenseWear Armband™) were measured in family caregivers at patients' ICU admission, within two weeks post-ICU discharge and two months post-ICU discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 28 family caregivers of ICU survivors, most caregivers reported poor sleep quality (i.e. PSQI >5) across the three time points (64.3% during patients' ICU admission, 53.6% at each post-ICU time point). Worse trends in sleep quality and objective sleep/wake pattern were observed in caregivers who were employed, and a non-spouse. There were trends of worsening sleep quality in caregivers of patients unable to return home within two months post-ICU discharge compared to patients able to return home.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Poor sleep quality was highly prevalent and persisted in family caregivers of ICU survivors for two months post-ICU discharge. Our data support the need for a larger longitudinal study to examine risk factors associated with sleep quality in family caregivers of ICU survivors to develop targeted interventions.
authors: Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA, United States. Electronic address: jic11@pitt.edu.
authors: JiYeon
authors: J
authors: Choi
authors: The Ohio State University, College of Nursing, Columbus, OH, United States.
authors: Judith A
authors: JA
authors: Tate
authors: Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
authors: Michael P
authors: MP
authors: Donahoe
authors: Department of Health and Community Systems, University of Pittsburgh, School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
authors: Dianxu
authors: D
authors: Ren
authors: Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
authors: Leslie A
authors: LA
authors: Hoffman
authors: Department of Health and Community Systems, University of Pittsburgh, School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
authors: Eileen R
authors: ER
authors: Chasens
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006699:Home Care Services / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000458:organization & administration; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010351:Patient Discharge; D012890:Sleep; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology; D000078329:Workforce
keywords: Family caregivers; Intensive care unit; Intensive care unit survivors; Post intensive care outcomes; Sleep