title: Inoculation of Lewis lung carcinoma cells enhances formalin-induced pain behavior and spinal Fos expression in mice.
abstract: The incidence of lung cancer has rapidly increased and cancer patients at a later cancer stage frequently suffer from unbearable cancer-associated pain. However, the pathophysiology of lung cancer pain has not been fully described due to a lack of appropriate animal models. This study was designed to determine the effect of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cell inoculation on formalin-induced pain behavior and spinal Fos expression in C57BL/6 mice. LLC cells (1.5 × 105, 2.5 × 105, 3.0 × 105or 5.0 × 105) were inoculated into back or peri-sciatic nerve areas. Back area inoculation was adopted to determine the effect of cancer cell circulating factors and the peri-sciatic nerve area was used to evaluate the possible effects of cancer cell contacting and circulating factors on formalin-induced pain. At postinoculation day 7, LLC cell (5.0 × 105) inoculations in both back and peri-sciatic nerve area significantly increased formalin-induced paw-licking time and spinal Fos expression over those in cell-media-inoculated (control) mice. Enhanced pain behavior and spinal Fos expression were significantly suppressed by ibuprofen pretreatment (250 mg/kg). The results of this study suggest that LLC cell circulating factors and inflammatory responses may be critical in enhancing pain sensation in the early stage of lung cancer cell inoculation.
authors: Department of Physiology and Medical Science and Brain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
authors: Jae-Gyun
authors: JG
authors: Choi
authors: Department of Physiology and Medical Science and Brain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
authors: Jae-Min
authors: JM
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Physiology and Medical Science and Brain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
authors: Dong-Wook
authors: DW
authors: Kang
authors: Department of Physiology and Medical Science and Brain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea.|KM Fundamental Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
authors: Jung-Wan
authors: JW
authors: Choi
authors: Department of Physiology and Medical Science and Brain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
authors: Jin Bong
authors: JB
authors: Park
authors: Department of Meridian & Acupoint, College of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea.
authors: Seong-Hun
authors: SH
authors: Ahn
authors: KM Fundamental Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
authors: Yeonhee
authors: Y
authors: Ryu
authors: Department of Physiology and Medical Science and Brain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
authors: Hyun-Woo
authors: HW
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000072716:Cancer Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D018827:Carcinoma, Lewis Lung / Q000150:complications*; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000494:pharmacology; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D016761:Oncogene Proteins v-fos / Q000378:metabolism*; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D066148:Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D016761:Oncogene Proteins v-fos; D005557:Formaldehyde; D007052:Ibuprofen
keywords: Fos; Lewis lung carcinoma; formalin; lung neoplasms; pain