title: Observation of two-dimensional yttrium oxide nanoparticles in mealworm beetles (Tenebrio molitor).
abstract: Nanomaterials are being used in medicine, manufacturing and consumer products, but their effects on organisms and the environment are not well understood because of the difficulty in detecting them. Here dual-energy X-ray K-edge subtraction was used to track two-dimensional yttrium oxide nanoparticles (which can be found in such household objects as color televisions) in adult mealworms (Tenebrio molitor). The insects ingested nanoparticle-infused feed for different time periods, up to 24 h, and the nanoparticles could then be identified at several locations in the insects' head, thorax and abdomen, mostly within the digestive tract. In time, all particles were excreted.
authors: Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, MS 3123, College Station, TX 77843-3123, USA.
authors: Yunyun
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, MS 3123, College Station, TX 77843-3123, USA.
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Sanchez
authors: Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, MS 3123, College Station, TX 77843-3123, USA.
authors: Yuan
authors: Y
authors: Yue
authors: Department of Plant Science, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740, USA.
authors: Jorge M
authors: JM
authors: González
authors: Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors: Dilworth Y
authors: DY
authors: Parkinson
authors: Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, MS 3123, College Station, TX 77843-3123, USA.
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Liang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001517:Coleoptera; D007814:Larva; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D013712:Tenebrio; D015019:Yttrium
chemical_list: D015019:Yttrium; C091417:yttria
keywords: K-edge subtraction; mealworms; particle distribution; synchrotron X-ray micro-tomography; yttrium oxide nanoparticles