title: Immune phenotypes predict survival in patients with glioblastoma multiforme.
abstract: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a common primary malignant brain tumor, rarely disseminates beyond the central nervous system and has a very bad prognosis. The current study aimed at the analysis of immunological control in individual patients with GBM.
  
  
  
  Immune phenotypes and plasma biomarkers of GBM patients were determined at the time of diagnosis using flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively.
  
  
  
  Using descriptive statistics, we found that immune anomalies were distinct in individual patients. Defined marker profiles proved highly relevant for survival. A remarkable relation between activated NK cells and improved survival in GBM patients was in contrast to increased CD39 and IL-10 in patients with a detrimental course and very short survival. Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) and Cox proportional hazards models substantiated the relevance of absolute numbers of CD8 cells and low numbers of CD39 cells for better survival.
  
  
  
  Defined alterations of the immune system may guide the course of disease in patients with GBM and may be prognostically valuable for longitudinal studies or can be applied for immune intervention.
authors: Sektion Experimentelle Anaesthesiologie, University Hospital Ulm, Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.|Klinik für Anaesthesiologie, University Hospital Ulm, Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
authors: Haouraa
authors: H
authors: Mostafa
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Ulm Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081 Ulm and Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Ludwig-Heilmeyer-Str. 2, 89312, Günzburg, Germany.
authors: Andrej
authors: A
authors: Pala
authors: Institute for Human Genetics, Albert Einstein Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
authors: Josef
authors: J
authors: Högel
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Ulm Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081 Ulm and Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Ludwig-Heilmeyer-Str. 2, 89312, Günzburg, Germany.
authors: Michal
authors: M
authors: Hlavac
authors: Sektion Experimentelle Anaesthesiologie, University Hospital Ulm, Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.|Klinik für Anaesthesiologie, University Hospital Ulm, Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
authors: Elvira
authors: E
authors: Dietrich
authors: Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Ulm, Prittwitzstr. 43, 89075, Ulm, Germany.
authors: M Andrew
authors: MA
authors: Westhoff
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Ulm Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081 Ulm and Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Ludwig-Heilmeyer-Str. 2, 89312, Günzburg, Germany.
authors: Lisa
authors: L
authors: Nonnenmacher
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Ulm Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081 Ulm and Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Ludwig-Heilmeyer-Str. 2, 89312, Günzburg, Germany.
authors: Timo
authors: T
authors: Burster
authors: Klinik für Anaesthesiologie, University Hospital Ulm, Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Georgieff
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Ulm Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081 Ulm and Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Ludwig-Heilmeyer-Str. 2, 89312, Günzburg, Germany.
authors: C Rainer
authors: CR
authors: Wirtz
authors: Sektion Experimentelle Anaesthesiologie, University Hospital Ulm, Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany. marion.schneider@uni-ulm.de.|Klinik für Anaesthesiologie, University Hospital Ulm, Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany. marion.schneider@uni-ulm.de.
authors: E Marion
authors: EM
authors: Schneider
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood; D001081:Apyrase / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping / Q000379:methods; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; C508609:IL10 protein, human; D016753:Interleukin-10; D001081:Apyrase; C067869:CD39 antigen
keywords: CD39-ectonucleotidase; CD8+ lymphocytes; Glioblastoma multiforme; NK cells; Recursive partitioning analysis; Survival