title: Clinical significance of CDH13 promoter methylation as a biomarker for bladder cancer: a meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Methylation of the tumor suppressor gene H-cadherin (CDH13) has been reported in many cancers. However, the clinical effect of the CDH13 methylation status of patients with bladder cancer remains to be clarified.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic literature search was performed to identify eligible studies in the PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, CKNI and Wanfang databases. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) was calculated and summarized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine eligible studies were included in the present meta-analysis consisting of a total of 1017 bladder cancer patients and 265 non-tumor controls. A significant association was found between CDH13 methylation levels and bladder cancer (OR = 21.71, P < 0.001). The results of subgroup analyses based on sample type suggested that CDH13 methylation was significantly associated with bladder cancer risk in both the tissue and the urine (OR = 53.94, P < 0.001; OR = 7.71, P < 0.001; respectively). A subgroup analysis based on ethnic population showed that the OR value of methylated CDH13 was higher in Asians than in Caucasians (OR = 35.18, P < 0.001; OR = 8.86, P < 0.001; respectively). The relationships between CDH13 methylation and clinicopathological features were also analyzed. A significant association was not observed between CDH13 methylation status and gender (P = 0.053). Our results revealed that CDH13 methylation was significantly associated with high-grade bladder cancer, multiple bladder cancer and muscle invasive bladder cancer (OR = 2.22, P < 0.001; OR = 1.45, P = 0.032; OR = 3.42, P < 0.001; respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study indicates that CDH13 methylation may play an important role in the carcinogenesis, development and progression of bladder cancer. In addition, CDH13 methylation has the potential to be a useful biomarker for bladder cancer screening in urine samples and to be a prognostic biomarker in the clinic.
authors: Laboratory of Kidney Carcinoma, Ningbo urology & Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China.
authors: Feng
authors: F
authors: Chen
authors: Laboratory of Kidney Carcinoma, Ningbo urology & Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China.
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Huang
authors: Laboratory of Kidney Carcinoma, Ningbo urology & Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China.
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Ren
authors: Laboratory of Kidney Carcinoma, Ningbo urology & Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China.
authors: Junjun
authors: J
authors: Wei
authors: Laboratory of Kidney Carcinoma, Ningbo urology & Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China.
authors: Zhongguan
authors: Z
authors: Lou
authors: Laboratory of Kidney Carcinoma, Ningbo urology & Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China.
authors: Xue
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Laboratory of Kidney Carcinoma, Ningbo urology & Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China.
authors: Xiaoxiao
authors: X
authors: Fan
authors: Laboratory of Kidney Carcinoma, Ningbo urology & Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China.
authors: Yirun
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: Laboratory of Kidney Carcinoma, Ningbo urology & Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China.
authors: Guobin
authors: G
authors: Weng
authors: Laboratory of Kidney Carcinoma, Ningbo urology & Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China. yxp4815415@163.com.
authors: Xuping
authors: X
authors: Yao
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008745:Methylation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015820:Cadherins; C099972:H-cadherin
keywords: Biomarker; Bladder cancer; CDH13 methylation; Screening