title: Effects of diammonium glycyrrhizinate on random skin flap survival in rats: An experimental study.
abstract: Partial necrosis of skin flaps continues to restrict the survival of local skin flaps following plastic and reconstructive surgeries. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG), a salt of glycyrrhetinic acid that has been widely used in the therapy of chronic hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus infection, on random skin flap survival in rats. McFarlane flaps were established in 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats randomly divided into three groups. Group I served as the control group and was injected with saline (10 mg/kg) once per day. Group II and group III were the experimental groups, and were injected with 10 mg/kg DG once and twice per day, respectively. On day 7, the survival area of the flap was measured. Tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemically evaluated. Tissue edema, neutrophil density, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were evaluated. The mean survival areas of the flaps of group II were significantly larger when compared with those of group I (P<0.05), and the rats of group III exhibited significantly higher survival areas than group II (P<0.05). Histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation showed that microvessel development and the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor were higher in the two experimental groups than in the control group. Furthermore, SOD activity was significantly increased (P<0.05), while the neutrophil density and MDA level were significantly reduced (P<0.05) in group II when compared with group I. Significant differences between group II and group III with regard to SOD activity and MDA level were also observed (P<0.05). Thus, DG may have a dose-dependent effect on promoting the survival of random skin flaps.
authors: Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China.
authors: Qing-Bo
authors: QB
authors: Lv
authors: Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China.
authors: Xiang
authors: X
authors: Gao
authors: Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China.
authors: Ding-Sheng
authors: DS
authors: Lin
authors: Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China.
authors: Yun
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China.
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Cao
authors: Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China.
authors: Kai-Liang
authors: KL
authors: Zhou
keywords: diammonium glycyrrhizinate; inflammation; ischemia-reperfusion injury; random flap survival; vascular endothelial growth factor