title: Outcomes of Redo Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for the Treatment of Postprocedural and Late Occurrence of Paravalvular Regurgitation and Transcatheter Valve Failure.
abstract: Transcatheter aortic valves can degenerate in a manner similar to surgical bioprostheses.
  
  
  
  Clinical and echocardiographic outcomes of patients who underwent redo transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedures >2 weeks post procedure were collected from 14 centers. Among 13 876 patients, 50 (0.4%) underwent redo TAVR procedure at participating centers. Indications for redo TAVR were moderate-severe prosthetic aortic valve stenosis (n=10, 21.7%), moderate-severe central prosthetic aortic valve regurgitation (n=13, 28.3%), and moderate-severe paraprosthetic aortic valve regurgitation (n=25, 50.0%). The index TAVR was most commonly a Medtronic CoreValve (N=38, 76.0%), followed by Edwards SAPIEN-type valves (n=12, 24.0%) and Portico (n=1, 2.0%). The redo TAVR device was most commonly a CoreValve/Evolut R (n=29, 58.0%), followed by a SAPIEN-type valve (n=20,40.0%) or a Boston Lotus valve (n=1, 2.0%). In 40 patients (80.0%), redo TAVR was performed using the identical device type or that of the succeeding generation. Valve performance was uniformly good after redo TAVR (mean transvalvular gradient post redo TAVR: 12.5±6.1 mm Hg). At hospital discharge, all patients remained alive, with 1 nondisabling stroke (2.0%) and 1 life-threatening bleed (2.0%). Permanent pacemaker implantation was required in 3 out of 35 patients without a prior pacemaker (8.6%). Late survival was 85.1% at a median follow-up of 1589 days (range: 31-3775) after index TAVR and 635 days (range: 8-2460) after redo TAVR.
  
  
  
  Redo TAVR for the treatment of postprocedural and late occurrence of paravalvular regurgitation and transcatheter aortic valve prosthesis failure seems to be safe, and it is associated with favorable acute and midterm clinical and echocardiographic outcomes.
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.). mbarbanti83@gmail.com.
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Barbanti
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: John G
authors: JG
authors: Webb
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Tamburino
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Nicolas M
authors: NM
authors: Van Mieghem
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Raj R
authors: RR
authors: Makkar
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Nicolò
authors: N
authors: Piazza
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Azeem
authors: A
authors: Latib
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Jan-Malte
authors: JM
authors: Sinning
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Kim
authors: K
authors: Won-Keun
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Sabine
authors: S
authors: Bleiziffer
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Bedogni
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Samir
authors: S
authors: Kapadia
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Didier
authors: D
authors: Tchetche
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Josep
authors: J
authors: Rodés-Cabau
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Fiorina
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Luis
authors: L
authors: Nombela-Franco
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Federico
authors: F
authors: De Marco
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Peter P
authors: PP
authors: de Jaegere
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Tarun
authors: T
authors: Chakravarty
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Beatriz
authors: B
authors: Vaquerizo
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Colombo
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Lars
authors: L
authors: Svensson
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Rüdiger
authors: R
authors: Lange
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Georg
authors: G
authors: Nickenig
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Helge
authors: H
authors: Möllmann
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Walther
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Della Rosa
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Yacine
authors: Y
authors: Elhmidi
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Danny
authors: D
authors: Dvir
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Nedy
authors: N
authors: Brambilla
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Sebastiano
authors: S
authors: Immè
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Carmelo
authors: C
authors: Sgroi
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Simona
authors: S
authors: Gulino
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Denise
authors: D
authors: Todaro
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Gerlando
authors: G
authors: Pilato
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Anna Sonia
authors: AS
authors: Petronio
authors: From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (M.B., Claudia Tamburino, S.I., C.S., S.G., D.T., G.P., Corrado Tamburino); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., P.P.d.J.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M., T.C.); McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (N.P.); EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., A.C.); Heart Centre Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (J.-M.S., G.N.); Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (K.W.-K., H.M., T.W.); German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany (S.B., B.V., R.L., Y.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (F.B., F.D.M., N.B.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.K., L.S.); Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France (D.T., F.D.R.); Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (C.F.); Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F.); and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (A.S.P.).
authors: Corrado
authors: C
authors: Tamburino
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002170:Canada; D004452:Echocardiography; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D065467:Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
keywords: aortic regurgitation; aortic stenosis; degeneration; prosthesis; transcatheter aortic valve; transcatheter aortic valve replacement