title: Analytical Approaches Based on Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) to Study Organic Materials in Artworks and Archaeological Objects.
abstract: Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), after appropriate wet chemical sample pre-treatments or pyrolysis, is one of the most commonly adopted analytical techniques in the study of organic materials from cultural heritage objects. Organic materials in archaeological contexts, in classical art objects, or in modern and contemporary works of art may be the same or belong to the same classes, but can also vary considerably, often presenting different ageing pathways and chemical environments. This paper provides an overview of the literature published in the last 10 years on the research based on the use of GC/MS for the analysis of organic materials in artworks and archaeological objects. The latest progresses in advancing analytical approaches, characterising materials and understanding their degradation, and developing methods for monitoring their stability are discussed. Case studies from the literature are presented to examine how the choice of the working conditions and the analytical approaches is driven by the analytical and technical question to be answered, as well as the nature of the object from which the samples are collected.
authors: Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy. ilaria.bonaduce@unipi.it.
authors: Ilaria
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0346-8373
authors: I
authors: Bonaduce
authors: Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
authors: Erika
authors: E
authors: Ribechini
authors: Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Modugno
authors: Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy.|Institute for the Conservation and Promotion of Cultural Heritage, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
authors: Maria Perla
authors: MP
authors: Colombini
mesh_terms: D001106:Archaeology; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis; D010151:Paintings; D000077319:Pyrolysis
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D008055:Lipids; D009930:Organic Chemicals
keywords: Analytical pyrolysis; Archaeological objects; Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; Organic materials; Paintings; Wet chemical sample pre-treatment