title: Novel allelic variants in ACD6 cause hybrid necrosis in local collection of Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: Hybrid necrosis is a common type of hybrid incompatibility in plants. This phenomenon is caused by deleterious epistatic interactions, resulting in spontaneous activation of plant defenses associated with leaf necrosis, stunted growth and reduced fertility in hybrids. Specific combinations of alleles of ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6 (ACD6) have been shown to be a common cause of hybrid necrosis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Increased ACD6 activity confers broad-spectrum resistance against biotrophic pathogens but reduces biomass production. We generated 996 crosses among individuals derived from a single collection area around Tübingen (Germany) and screened them for hybrid necrosis. Necrotic hybrids were further investigated by genetic linkage, amiRNA silencing, genomic complementation and metabolic profiling. Restriction site associated DNA (RAD)-sequencing was used to understand genetic diversity in the collection sites containing necrosis-inducing alleles. Novel combinations of ACD6 alleles found in neighbouring stands were found to activate the A. thaliana immune system. In contrast to what we observed in controlled conditions, necrotic hybrids did not show reduced fitness in the field. Metabolic profiling revealed changes associated with the activation of the immune system in ACD6-dependent hybrid necrosis. This study expands our current understanding of the active role of ACD6 in mediating trade-offs between defense responses and growth in A.  thaliana.
authors: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, 14476, Germany.
authors: Magdalena
authors: M
authors: Świadek
authors: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, 14476, Germany.|University of Potsdam, Potsdam, 14476, Germany.
authors: Sebastian
authors: S
authors: Proost
authors: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, 14476, Germany.
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Sieh
authors: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, 14476, Germany.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Yu
authors: Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Todesco
authors: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, 14476, Germany.
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Jorzig
authors: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, 14476, Germany.
authors: Andrés Eduardo
authors: AE
authors: Rodriguez Cubillos
authors: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, 14476, Germany.
authors: Björn
authors: B
authors: Plötner
authors: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, 14476, Germany.
authors: Zoran
authors: Z
authors: Nikoloski
authors: Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.
authors: Eunyoung
authors: E
authors: Chae
authors: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, 14476, Germany.
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Giavalisco
authors: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, 14476, Germany.
authors: Axel
authors: A
authors: Fischer
authors: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, 14476, Germany.
authors: Florian
authors: F
authors: Schröder
authors: Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.
authors: Sang-Tae
authors: ST
authors: Kim
authors: Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.
authors: Detlef
authors: D
authors: Weigel
authors: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, 14476, Germany.
authors: Roosa A E
authors: RA
authors: Laitinen
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017487:Ankyrins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D056426:Genetic Loci; D005843:Geography; D005858:Germany; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D055442:Metabolome; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: C480953:ACD6 protein, Arabidopsis; D017487:Ankyrins; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins
keywords: 
  Arabidopsis thaliana
  ; ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6 (ACD6); autoimmunity; hybrid necrosis; trade-off