title: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome: Emergence of a Pathogenic Human Coronavirus.
abstract: In 2012, a zoonotic coronavirus was identified as the causative agent of Middle East respiratory syndrome and was named MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV). As of August 11, 2016, the virus has infected 1,791 patients, with a mortality rate of 35.6%. Although MERS-CoV generally causes subclinical or mild disease, infection can result in serious outcomes, including acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ failure in patients with comorbidities. The virus is endemic in camels in the Arabian Peninsula and Africa and thus poses a consistent threat of frequent reintroduction into human populations. Disease prevalence will increase substantially if the virus mutates to increase human-to-human transmissibility. No therapeutics or vaccines are approved for MERS; thus, development of novel therapies is needed. Further, since many MERS cases are acquired in healthcare settings, public health measures and scrupulous attention to infection control are required to prevent additional MERS outbreaks.
authors: Anthony R
authors: AR
authors: Fehr
authors: Rudragouda
authors: R
authors: Channappanavar
authors: Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; email: stanley-perlman@uiowa.edu.
authors: Stanley
authors: S
authors: Perlman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002162:Camelus; D002685:Chiroptera; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D017053:Infection Control; D008877:Middle East / Q000453:epidemiology; D065207:Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: animal models; antiviral therapies; camels; host–virus interactions; immune response; outbreak