title: Clonal Evolution of Enterocytozoon bieneusi Populations in Swine and Genetic Differentiation in Subpopulations between Isolates from Swine and Humans.
abstract: Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a widespread parasite with high genetic diversity among hosts. Its natural reservoir remains elusive and data on population structure are available only in isolates from primates. Here we describe a population genetic study of 101 E. bieneusi isolates from pigs using sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and four mini- and microsatellite markers. The presence of strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) and limited genetic recombination indicated a clonal structure for the population. Bayesian inference of phylogeny, structural analysis, and principal coordinates analysis separated the overall population into three subpopulations (SP3 to SP5) with genetic segregation of the isolates at some geographic level. Comparative analysis showed the differentiation of SP3 to SP5 from the two known E. bieneusi subpopulations (SP1 and SP2) from primates. The placement of a human E. bieneusi isolate in pig subpopulation SP4 supported the zoonotic potential of some E. bieneusi isolates. Network analysis showed directed evolution of SP5 to SP3/SP4 and SP1 to SP2. The high LD and low number of inferred recombination events are consistent with the possibility of host adaptation in SP2, SP3, and SP4. In contrast, the reduced LD and high genetic diversity in SP1 and SP5 might be results of broad host range and adaptation to new host environment. The data provide evidence of the potential occurrence of host adaptation in some of E. bieneusi isolates that belong to the zoonotic ITS Group 1.
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
authors: Qiang
authors: Q
authors: Wan
authors: Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
authors: Lihua
authors: L
authors: Xiao
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors: Xichen
authors: X
authors: Zhang
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
authors: Yijing
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
authors: Yixin
authors: Y
authors: Lu
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
authors: Mingxin
authors: M
authors: Song
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
authors: Wei
authors: 0000-0002-4264-1864
authors: W
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D060965:Clonal Evolution; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D021862:Enterocytozoon / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D040961:Genetic Drift; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D016881:Microsporidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D010802:Phylogeny; D011323:Primates / Q000382:microbiology; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D013552:Swine / Q000469:parasitology; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer