title: Cardiac contractility modulation in heart failure patients: Randomized comparison of signal delivery through one vs. two ventricular leads.
abstract: Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) is an electrical stimulation treatment for symptomatic heart failure (HF) patients. The procedure involves implantation of two ventricular leads for delivery of CCM impulses. The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of CCM when the signal is delivered through one vs. two ventricular leads.
  
  
  
  This prospective blinded randomized trial enrolled 48 patients. Eligible subjects had symptoms despite optimal HF medications, left ventricular ejection fraction <40% and peakVO2≥9ml O2/kg/min. All patients received a CCM system with two ventricular leads, and were randomized to CCM active through both or just one ventricular lead; 25 patients were randomized to receive signal delivery through two leads (Group A) and 23 patients to signal delivery through one lead (Group B). The study compared the mean changes from baseline to 6 months follow-up in peakVO2, New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification, and quality of life (by MLWHFQ).
  
  
  
  Following 6 months, similar and significant (p<0.05) improvements from baseline in NYHA (-0.7±0.5 vs. -0.9±0.7) and MLWHFQ (-14±20 vs. -16±22) were observed in Group A and in Group B. PeakVO2showed improvement trends in both groups (0.34±1.52 vs. 0.10±2.21ml/kg/min; p=ns). No patient died. Serious adverse event rates (20 events in 10 subjects) were not different between groups. No statistically significant difference was found in any of the study endpoints.
  
  
  
  The efficacy and safety of CCM in this study were similar when the signal was delivered through either one or two ventricular leads. These results support the potential use of a single ventricular lead for delivery of CCM.
authors: Mannheim University Hospital, Mannheim, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site, Mannheim, Germany. Electronic address: susanroeger@hotmail.com.
authors: Susanne
authors: S
authors: Röger
authors: Magdeburg University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany.
authors: Samir
authors: S
authors: Said
authors: University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
authors: Axel
authors: A
authors: Kloppe
authors: Elisabeth Hospital, Recklinghausen, Germany.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Lawo
authors: Helios Klinikum Meiningen Medical Clinic, Meiningen, Germany.
authors: Ulf
authors: U
authors: Emig
authors: Impulse Dynamics, Hod Hasharon, Israel.
authors: Benny
authors: B
authors: Rousso
authors: Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Gutterman
authors: Mannheim University Hospital, Mannheim, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site, Mannheim, Germany.
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Borggrefe
authors: Mannheim University Hospital, Mannheim, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site, Mannheim, Germany.
authors: Jürgen
authors: J
authors: Kuschyk
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Cardiac contractility modulation; Heart failure; Leads