title: Echocardiographic findings in haemodialysis patients according to their state of hydration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic fluid overload is frequent in hemodialysis patients (P) and it associates with hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and higher mortality. Moreover, echocardiographic data assessing fluid overload is limited. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between fluid overload measured by bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) and different echocardiographic parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional observational study including 76 stable patients. Dry weight was clinically assessed. BIS and echocardiography were performed. Weekly time-averaged fluid overload (TAFO) and relative fluid overload (FO/ECW) were calculated using BIS measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on TAFO three groups were defined: A- dehydrated, TAFO <-0.25 L 32 P (42%); B- normohydrated, TAFO between -0.25 and 1.5 l: 26 (34%); C- overhydrated, TAFO>1.5 l: 18 (24%). We found significant correlation between TAFO and left atrial volume index (LAVI) (r: 0.29; p=0.013) but not with FO/ECW (r 0.06; p=0.61). TAFO, but not FO/ECW kept a significant relationship with LAVI (p=0.03) using One-Way ANOVA test and linear regression methods. LVH was present in 73.7% (concentric 63.2%, eccentric in 10.5%). No differences between groups in the presence of LVH or left ventricular mass index were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that left atrial volume index determined by echocardiographic Area-length method, but not left ventricle hypertrophy or dimensions of cavities, are related on hydration status based on bioimpedance measured time-averaged fluid overload (TAFO), and not with FO/ECW.
authors: Department of Nephrology, Severo Ochoa University Hospital, Leganes, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: mdigioia@intramed.net.
authors: María
authors: M
authors: Cristina Di Gioia
authors: Department of Cardiology, Severo Ochoa University Hospital, Leganes, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Raul
authors: R
authors: Gascuena
authors: Department of Nephrology, Severo Ochoa University Hospital, Leganes, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Paloma
authors: P
authors: Gallar
authors: Department of Nephrology, Severo Ochoa University Hospital, Leganes, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Gabriela
authors: G
authors: Cobo
authors: Department of Nephrology, Severo Ochoa University Hospital, Leganes, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Rosa
authors: R
authors: Camacho
authors: Department of Cardiology, Severo Ochoa University Hospital, Leganes, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Nuria
authors: N
authors: Acosta
authors: Department of Nephrology, Severo Ochoa University Hospital, Leganes, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Zsofia
authors: Z
authors: Baranyi
authors: Department of Nephrology, Severo Ochoa University Hospital, Leganes, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Isabel
authors: I
authors: Rodriguez
authors: Department of Nephrology, Severo Ochoa University Hospital, Leganes, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Aniana
authors: A
authors: Oliet
authors: Department of Nephrology, Severo Ochoa University Hospital, Leganes, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Olimpia
authors: O
authors: Ortega
authors: Department of Cardiology, Severo Ochoa University Hospital, Leganes, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Inmaculada
authors: I
authors: Fernandez
authors: Department of Nephrology, Severo Ochoa University Hospital, Leganes, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Carmen
authors: C
authors: Mon
authors: Department of Nephrology, Severo Ochoa University Hospital, Leganes, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Milagros
authors: M
authors: Ortiz
authors: Department of Cardiology, Severo Ochoa University Hospital, Leganes, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Mari C
authors: MC
authors: Manzano
authors: Department of Nephrology, Severo Ochoa University Hospital, Leganes, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Juan C
authors: JC
authors: Herrero
authors: Department of Cardiology, Severo Ochoa University Hospital, Leganes, Madrid, Spain.
authors: José I
authors: JI
authors: Martinez
authors: Department of Cardiology, Severo Ochoa University Hospital, Leganes, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Joaquín
authors: J
authors: Palma
authors: Department of Nephrology, Severo Ochoa University Hospital, Leganes, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Vigil
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D058266:Dielectric Spectroscopy; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000074267:Organism Hydration Status; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications*
keywords: Bioimpedance spectroscopy; Bioimpedancia espectroscópica; Fluid overload; Haemodialysis; Hemodiálisis; Left atrial volume; Sobrehidratación; Sobrehidratación promedio semanal; Time-averaged fluid overload; Volumen de aurícula izquierda