title: A dermatological questionnaire for general practitioners in England with a focus on melanoma; misdiagnosis in black patients compared to white patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malignant melanoma presents a significant health burden in the UK in terms of mortality and financial cost. This aggressive and often fatal disease is under-diagnosed among patients with darker skin tones (type 5 and 6) such as Afro-Caribbean patients. A lack of both patient and practitioner awareness leads to a later diagnosis in patients with black compared to white skin. There is currently a paucity of literature looking at the diagnosis rates of melanoma between patients of different ethnicities in the UK and the reasons behind these differences.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The primary aim was to obtain data on the diagnosis rate of melanoma in the primary care setting, with particular attention to white vs. black skin types.
  
  
  METHODS
  An online questionnaire was sent to 2975 general practitioner (GP) practices in England and 287 responses were received. The questionnaire contained 20 high-quality picture questions of differing common skin conditions. The participants were asked to choose their diagnosis from 20 potential diagnoses. Only 4/20 questions were melanomas, two on white and two on black skin. No accompanying histories were provided.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean score for the questionnaire was 11.6/20 (58%) with a range from 5% to 100%. Of the two black skin melanoma pictures, 177/287 (62%) and 90/287 (31%) responses were incorrectly identified, compared to 37/287 (13%) and 19/287 (7%) in the white skin melanoma pictures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The questionnaire results show a clear increased misdiagnosis of melanoma in black patients in primary care vs. white. The results suggest that vigilance is needed when diagnosing possible melanoma in black patients and better quality melanoma teaching is required in GP training concentrating on pigmented skin. This pilot study should encourage more research into ethnic skin inequalities in the UK.
authors: The University of Birmingham, UK.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Lyman
authors: Imperial College London, UK.
authors: J O
authors: JO
authors: Mills
authors: South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, Dept of Dermatology, Warwick Hospital, Warwick, UK.
authors: A R
authors: AR
authors: Shipman
mesh_terms: D044383:Black People; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D004739:England; D058006:General Practice / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044465:White People