title: Tobacco and alcohol use among adolescents in South Africa: shared and unshared risks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tobacco and alcohol use by adolescents are major public health concerns in South Africa. However, the extent to which key psychosocial risk factors for tobacco use and alcohol use by adolescents in South Africa are shared or unshared is unclear. This study sought to examine the shared and unshared risk factors for tobacco and alcohol use among adolescents in Johannesburg.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants comprised 736 males and females aged 12-17 years who were recruited via a household survey conducted during 2004. The participants were interviewed using a questionnaire comprising measures of personal, family (parental bonding and family legal drug use) and contextual (school and neighbourhood) factors. Separate multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to predict lifetime alcohol use and lifetime tobacco use from variables within each domain (personal, family and contextual), controlling for demographic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Personal, family (parental bonding) and contextual factors (school factors) were primarily shared risk factors for tobacco and alcohol use, while family legal drug use and neighbourhood factors were largely unshared.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interventions addressing personal, parenting and schooling factors are likely to have an impact on preventing both tobacco and alcohol use, whereas interventions focused on ameliorating family drug use and neighbourhood factors may need to be more substance-specific.
authors: a Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit , South African Medical Research Council , Pretoria , South Africa.|b School of Public Health , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa.|c School of Public Health and Family Medicine , University of Cape Town , South Africa.
authors: Neo K
authors: NK
authors: Morojele
authors: d Department of Psychiatry , New York University School of Medicine , New York , USA.
authors: Judith S
authors: JS
authors: Brook
authors: d Department of Psychiatry , New York University School of Medicine , New York , USA.
authors: David W
authors: DW
authors: Brook
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000208:ethnology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000208:ethnology*; D013019:South Africa / Q000208:ethnology