title: Platycodon grandiflorus Root Extract Attenuates Body Fat Mass, Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance through the Interplay between the Liver and Adipose Tissue.
abstract: The Platycodon grandiflorus root, a Korean medicinal food, is well known to have beneficial effects on obesity and diabetes. In this study, we demonstrated the metabolic effects of P. grandiflorus root ethanol extract (PGE), which is rich in platycodins, on diet-induced obesity. C57BL/6J mice (four-week-old males) were fed a normal diet (16.58% of kilocalories from fat), high-fat diet (HFD, 60% of kilocalories from fat), and HFD supplemented with 5% (w/w) PGE. In the HFD-fed mice, PGE markedly suppressed the body weight gain and white fat mass to normal control level, with simultaneous increase in the expression of thermogenic genes (such as SIRT1, PPARα, PGC1α, and UCP1), that accompanied changes in fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and energy expenditure. In addition, PGE improved insulin sensitivity through activation of the PPARγ expression, which upregulates adiponectin while decreasing leptin gene expression in adipocytes. Furthermore, PGE improved hepatic steatosis by suppressing hepatic lipogenesis while increasing expression of FAO-associated genes such as PGC1α. PGE normalized body fat and body weight, which is likely associated with the increased energy expenditure and thermogenic gene expression. PGE can protect from HFD-induced insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis by controlling lipid and glucose metabolism.
authors: Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Korea. freewilly59@hanmail.net.|Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea. freewilly59@hanmail.net.
authors: Ye Jin
authors: YJ
authors: Kim
authors: Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Korea. jyjy31@hanmail.net.|Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea. jyjy31@hanmail.net.
authors: Ji-Young
authors: JY
authors: Choi
authors: Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Korea. sangsang0119@gmail.com.|Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea. sangsang0119@gmail.com.
authors: Ri
authors: R
authors: Ryu
authors: Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Korea. wjdgus4411@naver.com.|Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea. wjdgus4411@naver.com.
authors: Jeonghyeon
authors: J
authors: Lee
authors: Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Korea. chocrystalhihi@hanmail.net.|Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea. chocrystalhihi@hanmail.net.
authors: Su-Jung
authors: SJ
authors: Cho
authors: Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Korea. savagegarden01@hanmail.net.|Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea. savagegarden01@hanmail.net.
authors: Eun-Young
authors: EY
authors: Kwon
authors: Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-950, Korea. leemk@sunchon.ac.kr.
authors: Mi-Kyung
authors: MK
authors: Lee
authors: College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea. dstlkh@gmail.com.
authors: Kwang-Hyeon
authors: KH
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea. rinayu@ulsan.ac.kr.
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Rina
authors: Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea. mksung@sookmyung.ac.kr.
authors: Mi-Kyung
authors: MK
authors: Sung
authors: Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Korea. mschoi@knu.ac.kr.|Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea. mschoi@knu.ac.kr.
authors: Myung-Sook
authors: MS
authors: Choi
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood; D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D052436:Adipose Tissue, White / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D050154:Adiposity / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D031238:Platycodon / Q000737:chemistry*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008055:Lipids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: Platycodon grandiflorus root; energy expenditure; free fatty acid oxidation; obesity; thermogenesis