title: Pursuing Improvement in Clinical Reasoning: Development of the Clinical Coaching Interactions Inventory.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinical coaching has been identified as a signature pedagogy in nursing education. Recent findings indicate that clinical coaching interactions in the clinical learning environment fail to engage students in the higher order thinking skills believed to promote clinical reasoning.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Clinical Coaching Interactions Inventory (CCII) was based on evidence of supervisor questioning techniques, the Tanner clinical judgment model, Bloom's Taxonomy, and simulation evaluation tools. Content validity was established with expert assessment, student testing for clarity, and calculation of scale-content validity index/average (S-CVI/Ave). Reliability was established with Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 (KR-20).
  
  
  RESULTS
  CVI (S-CVI/Ave) was .91, and KR-20 was .70. The CCII identified differences in clinical coaching behaviors in university faculty supervisors and staff nurse preceptor supervisors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CCII advances the measurement of clinical coaching interactions from qualitative to quantitative. Ultimately, results from use of this inventory may facilitate the design of prelicensure clinical coaching strategies that promote the improvement of students' clinical reasoning skill. [J Nurs Educ. 2016;55(9):495-504.].
authors: Mary Ann
authors: MA
authors: Jessee
authors: Christine A
authors: CA
authors: Tanner
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D000068156:Formative Feedback; D006801:Humans; D000071252:Mentoring; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013850:Thinking