title: Bioactivity and antibacterial effect of nitrogen plasma immersion ion implantation on polyetheretherketone.
abstract: We aimed to investigate the bioactivity and antibacterial effect of nitrogen plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) on polyetheretherketone (PEEK).
  
  
  
  According to the different modified parameters, the PEEK specimens were randomly divided into four main groups (n=49/group): PEEK-C, PEEK-I, PEEK-L, and PEEK-H. Then, N2-PIII surface modification was conducted using the corresponding parameters. The microstructure and composition of the modified PEEK surface was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The water contact angle of the PEEK surface was also studied by contact angle meters. The bioactive ability of PEEK samples was evaluated by observing the attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of MG63 cells cultured on the PEEK samples. Antibacterial property of the samples against Staphylococcus aureus was detected with the plate colony-counting methods.
  
  
  
  SEM and AFM analysis shows that PEEK-C surface is relatively smooth with the Ra value of 50.6±2.52nm. PEEK-I and PEEK-L surface is rough with the Ra value of 435.9±6.47nm and 443.23±5.49nm, respectively, and the PEEK-H surface is the most rough with the Ra value of 608.4±3.14nm. XPS element analysis demonstrated that nitrogen functional groups were successfully introduced into the surface of PIII-modified PEEK. Biological evaluation and the antibacterial results showed that nitrogen PIII treatment can significantly improve the biological activity of PEEK, and samples showed antibacterial properties against S. aureus.
  
  
  
  PEEK surface subjected to the N2-PIII treatment showed better biological activity and antibacterial effect. Therefore, N2-PIII-treated PEEK surface is promising in bone tissue engineering and dental applications.
authors: Department of General Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qing Hua Road, Changchun 130021, PR China.
authors: Kang
authors: K
authors: Gan
authors: Department of General Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qing Hua Road, Changchun 130021, PR China. Electronic address: jdliuhong@163.com.
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Liu
authors: Department of General Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qing Hua Road, Changchun 130021, PR China.
authors: Lingling
authors: L
authors: Jiang
authors: Department of General Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qing Hua Road, Changchun 130021, PR China.
authors: Xiuju
authors: X
authors: Liu
authors: Department of General Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qing Hua Road, Changchun 130021, PR China.
authors: Xiaoqing
authors: X
authors: Song
authors: Department of General Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qing Hua Road, Changchun 130021, PR China.
authors: Deli
authors: D
authors: Niu
authors: Department of General Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qing Hua Road, Changchun 130021, PR China.
authors: Tianjie
authors: T
authors: Chen
authors: Department of General Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qing Hua Road, Changchun 130021, PR China.
authors: Chenchen
authors: C
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001577:Benzophenones; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D006801:Humans; D007477:Ions; D007659:Ketones; D009584:Nitrogen; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011108:Polymers; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001577:Benzophenones; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D007477:Ions; D007659:Ketones; D011108:Polymers; C063834:polyetheretherketone; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Antibacterial; Bioactivity; PEEK; Plasma immersion ion implantation