title: Modifiable risk factors for scald injury in children under 5 years of age: A Multi-centre Case-Control Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship between a range of modifiable risk factors and medically attended scalds in children under the age of 5 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicentre matched case-control study in acute hospitals, minor injury units and GP practices in four study centres in England. Cases comprised 338 children under 5 presenting with a scald, and 1438 control participants matched on age, gender, date of event and study centre. Parents/caregivers completed questionnaires on safety practices, safety equipment use, home hazards and potential confounders. Odds ratios were estimated using conditional logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parents of cases were significantly more likely than parents of controls to have left hot drinks within reach of their child (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.33, 95%CI 1.63 to 3.31; population attributable fraction (PAF) 31%). They were more likely not to have taught children rules about climbing on kitchen objects (AOR 1.66, 95%CI 1.12 to 2.47; PAF 20%); what to do or not do when parents are cooking (AOR 1.95, 95%CI 1.33 to 2.85; PAF 26%); and about hot things in the kitchen (AOR 1.89, 95%CI 1.30 to 2.75; PAF 26%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some scald injuries may be prevented by parents keeping hot drinks out of reach of children and by teaching children rules about not climbing on objects in the kitchen, what to do or not do whilst parents are cooking using the top of the cooker and about hot objects in the kitchen. Further studies, providing a more sophisticated exploration of the immediate antecedents of scalds are required to quantify associations between other hazards and behaviours and scalds in young children.
authors: Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham Innovation Park, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham NG7 2TU, United Kingdom. Electronic address: j.stewart@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors: Jane
authors: J
authors: Stewart
authors: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Division of Primary Care, 13(th) Floor, Tower Building, University Park, Nottingham NG72RD, United Kingdom.
authors: Penny
authors: P
authors: Benford
authors: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Division of Primary Care, 13(th) Floor, Tower Building, University Park, Nottingham NG72RD, United Kingdom.
authors: Persephone
authors: P
authors: Wynn
authors: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, School of Health Sciences, D1019, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2HA, United Kingdom.
authors: Michael Craig
authors: MC
authors: Watson
authors: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, 13(th) Floor, Tower Building, University of Nottingham NG72RD, United Kingdom.
authors: Carol
authors: C
authors: Coupland
authors: Centre for Child & Adolescent Health, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of the West of England Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, United Kingdom.
authors: Toity
authors: T
authors: Deave
authors: Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, The Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, United Kingdom.
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Hindmarch
authors: Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, NHS Clinical Research & Trials Unit, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
authors: Gosia
authors: G
authors: Majsak-Newman
authors: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, 13(th) Floor, Tower Building, University of Nottingham NG72RD, United Kingdom.
authors: Denise
authors: D
authors: Kendrick
mesh_terms: D000061:Accidents, Home / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002056:Burns / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002652:Child Behavior; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003296:Cooking; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education*; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Children; Injury prevention; Scalds