title: Effects of cytochalasin B on DNA methylation and histone modification in parthenogenetically activated porcine embryos.
abstract: DNA methylation and histone modification play important roles in the development of mammalian embryos. Cytochalasin B (CB) is an actin polymerization inhibitor that can significantly affect cell activity and is often used in studies concerning cytology. In recent years, CB is also commonly being used in in vitro experiments on mammalian embryos, but few studies have addressed the effect of CB on the epigenetic modification of embryonic development, and the mechanism underlying this process is also unknown. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of CB on DNA methylation and histone modification in the development of parthenogenetically activated porcine embryos. Treatment with 5 μg/mL CB for 4 h significantly increased the cleavage rate, blastocyst rate and total cell number of blastocysts. However, the percentage of apoptotic cells and the expression levels of the apoptosis-related genes BCL-XL, BAX and CASP3 were significantly decreased. Treatment with CB significantly decreased the expression levels of DNMT1, DNMT3a, DNMT3b, HAT1 and HDAC1 at the pronuclear stage and promoted the conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). After CB treatment, the level of AcH3K9 was upregulated and the level of H3K9me3 was downregulated. When combined with Scriptaid and 5-Aza-Cdr, CB further improved the embryonic development competence and decreased the expression of BCL-XL, BAX and CASP3 In conclusion, these results suggest that CB could improve embryonic development and the quality of the blastocyst by improving the epigenetic modification during the development of parthenogenetically activated embryos.
authors: State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Animal Models of Human DiseasesAcademy of Translational Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China College of Animal ScienceJilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors: Xiaoxiao
authors: X
authors: Hou
authors: Second HospitalJilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Liu
authors: College of Animal ScienceJilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors: Zhiren
authors: Z
authors: Zhang
authors: College of Veterinary MedicineJilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors: Yanhui
authors: Y
authors: Zhai
authors: College of Veterinary MedicineJilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors: Yutian
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: College of Veterinary MedicineJilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors: Zhengzhu
authors: Z
authors: Wang
authors: College of Veterinary MedicineJilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors: Bo
authors: B
authors: Tang
authors: College of Veterinary MedicineJilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors: Xueming
authors: X
authors: Zhang
authors: State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Animal Models of Human DiseasesAcademy of Translational Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China sunliguang1717@vip.163.com ziyi@jlu.edu.cn.
authors: Liguang
authors: L
authors: Sun
authors: State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Animal Models of Human DiseasesAcademy of Translational Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China sunliguang1717@vip.163.com ziyi@jlu.edu.cn.
authors: Ziyi
authors: Z
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003571:Cytochalasin B / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005260:Female; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006657:Histones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D053652:Nuclear Transfer Techniques; D010312:Parthenogenesis; D011247:Pregnancy; D013552:Swine; D000097584:DNA Methyltransferase 3B
chemical_list: D003571:Cytochalasin B; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006657:Histones; D000097584:DNA Methyltransferase 3B