title: Effective tracking of bone mesenchymal stem cells in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging using melanin-based gadolinium3+nanoparticles.
abstract: Tracking transplanted stem cells is necessary to clarify cellular properties and improve transplantation success. In this study, we designed and synthesized melanin-based gadolinium3+(Gd3+)-chelate nanoparticles (MNP-Gd3+) of ∼7 nm for stem cell tracking in vivo. MNP-Gd3+possesses many beneficial properties, such as its high stability and sensitivity, shorter T1 relaxation time, higher cell labeling efficiency, and lower cytotoxicity compared with commercial imaging agents. We found that the T1 relaxivity (r1) of MNP-Gd3+was significantly higher than that of Gd-DTPA; the nanoparticles were taken up by bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) via endocytosis and were broadly distributed in the cytoplasm. Based on an in vitro MTT assay, no cytotoxicity of labeled stem cells was observed for MNP-Gd3+concentrations of less than 800 µg/mL. Furthermore, we tracked MNP-Gd3+-labeled BMSCs in vivo using 3.0T MRI equipment. After intramuscular injection, MNP-Gd3+-labeled BMSCs were detected, even after four weeks, by 3T MRI. We concluded that MNP-Gd3+nanoparticles at appropriate concentrations can be used to effectively monitor and track BMSCs in vivo. MNP-Gd3+nanoparticles have potential as a new positive MRI contrast agent in clinical applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 131-137, 2017.
authors: Medical Imaging Department, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China.
authors: Wen-Wen
authors: WW
authors: Cai
authors: Medical Imaging Department, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China.
authors: Ling-Jie
authors: LJ
authors: Wang
authors: Molecular Imaging Precision Medical Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China.
authors: Si-Jin
authors: SJ
authors: Li
authors: Department of Tumor Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310022, China.
authors: Xi-Ping
authors: XP
authors: Zhang
authors: Molecular Imaging Precision Medical Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China.
authors: Ting-Ting-
authors: TT
authors: Li
authors: Medical Imaging Department, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China.
authors: Ying-Hua
authors: YH
authors: Wang
authors: Medical Imaging Department, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China.
authors: Xi
authors: X
authors: Yang
authors: Medical Imaging Department, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Xie
authors: Medical Imaging Department, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China.
authors: Jian-Ding
authors: JD
authors: Li
authors: Medical Imaging Department, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China.
authors: Shi-Jie
authors: SJ
authors: Liu
authors: Medical Imaging Department, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China.
authors: Wen
authors: W
authors: Xu
authors: Medical Imaging Department, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China.
authors: Sheng
authors: S
authors: He
authors: Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305-5484.
authors: Zhen
authors: Z
authors: Cheng
authors: Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China.
authors: Qu-Li
authors: QL
authors: Fan
authors: Medical Imaging Department, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China.
authors: Rui-Ping
authors: RP
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D058948:Cell Tracking / Q000379:methods*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008422:Materials Testing; D008543:Melanins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D008543:Melanins; D005682:Gadolinium
keywords: gadolinium; magnetic resonance imaging; melanin; mesenchymal stem cells; tracking