title: Evaluating Mobile Survey Tools (MSTs) for Field-Level Monitoring and Data Collection: Development of a Novel Evaluation Framework, and Application to MSTs for Rural Water and Sanitation Monitoring.
abstract: Information and communications technologies (ICTs) such as mobile survey tools (MSTs) can facilitate field-level data collection to drive improvements in national and international development programs. MSTs allow users to gather and transmit field data in real time, standardize data storage and management, automate routine analyses, and visualize data. Dozens of diverse MST options are available, and users may struggle to select suitable options. We developed a systematic MST Evaluation Framework (EF), based on International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC) software quality modeling standards, to objectively assess MSTs and assist program implementers in identifying suitable MST options. The EF is applicable to MSTs for a broad variety of applications. We also conducted an MST user survey to elucidate needs and priorities of current MST users. Finally, the EF was used to assess seven MSTs currently used for water and sanitation monitoring, as a validation exercise. The results suggest that the EF is a promising method for evaluating MSTs.
authors: The Water Institute at UNC, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. mbfisher@gmail.com.
authors: Michael B
authors: MB
authors: Fisher
authors: DAI, 7600 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. benjamin.h.mann@gmail.com.
authors: Benjamin H
authors: BH
authors: Mann
authors: The Water Institute at UNC, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. rcronk@live.unc.edu.
authors: Ryan D
authors: RD
authors: Cronk
authors: The Water Institute at UNC, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. kshields@email.unc.edu.
authors: Katherine F
authors: KF
authors: Shields
authors: The Water Institute at UNC, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. tori.klug@gmail.com.
authors: Tori L
authors: TL
authors: Klug
authors: Public Health Leadership Program, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. ramaswam@email.unc.edu.
authors: Rohit
authors: R
authors: Ramaswamy
mesh_terms: D003625:Data Collection / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D012424:Rural Population; D012499:Sanitation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014873:Water Pollutants
keywords: ICT; communications; data; evaluation; information; mobile; software; survey; technology; water