title: Cognitive changes in people with temporal lobe epilepsy over a 13-year period.
abstract: The aims of our study were to evaluate cognitive decline in people with temporal lobe epilepsy over a period of 13years and to determine what clinical and treatment characteristics may have been associated with these.
  
  
  
  Thirty-three individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy underwent the same neuropsychological assessment of verbal and nonverbal memory, attention, and executive functions using the same cognitive test battery as one used 13years ago. Long-term verbal and nonverbal memory was tested four weeks later. Results were compared with those carried out 13years earlier.
  
  
  
  There was no significant change in verbal and verbal-logical memory tests; however, nonverbal memory worsened significantly. Long-term verbal memory declined for 21.9% of participants, long-term verbal-logical memory for 34.4%, and long-term nonverbal memory for 56.3%. Worsening of working verbal and verbal-logical memory was associated with longer epilepsy duration and lower levels of patients' education; worsening of verbal delayed recall and long-term verbal-logical memory was associated with higher seizure frequency. Decline in long-term nonverbal memory had significant association with a longer duration of epilepsy. The worsening of reaction and attention inversely correlated with the symptoms of depression.
  
  
  
  Over a 13-year period, cognitive functions did not change significantly. Good seizure control and reduced symptoms of depression in this sample of people with temporal lobe epilepsy were associated with better cognitive functioning. The predictors of change of cognitive functions could be complex and require further study.
authors: Clinic of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; Epilepsy Centre, Department of Neurology, Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania. Electronic address: ruta.mameniskiene@santa.lt.
authors: Rūta
authors: R
authors: Mameniškienė
authors: Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors: Justė
authors: J
authors: Rimšienė
authors: Department of Information Systems, Centre of Informatics and Development, Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania; Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors: Roma
authors: R
authors: Puronaitė
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D018450:Disease Progression; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D057567:Memory, Long-Term / Q000502:physiology; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cognitive functions; Decline; Epilepsy; Memory; Temporal lobe