title: Osteotropic nanoscale drug delivery systems based on small molecule bone-targeting moieties.
abstract: Bone-targeted drug delivery is an active research area because successful clinical applications of this technology can significantly advance the treatment of bone injuries and disorders. Molecules with bone-targeting potential have been actively investigated as promising moieties in targeted drug delivery systems. In general, bone-targeting molecules are characterized by their high affinity for bone and their predisposition to persist in bone tissue for prolonged periods, while maintaining low systemic concentrations. Proteins, such as monoclonal antibodies, have shown promise as bone-targeting molecules; however, they suffer from several limitations including large molecular size, high production cost, and undesirable immune responses. A viable alternative associated with significantly less side effects is the use of small molecule-based targeting moieties. This review provides a summary of recent findings regarding small molecule compounds with bone-targeting capacity, as well as nanoscale targeted drug delivery approaches employing these molecules.
authors: Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA; The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA; UConn Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
authors: Erica J
authors: EJ
authors: Carbone
authors: Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA; The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA; Connecticut Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
authors: Komal
authors: K
authors: Rajpura
authors: Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
authors: Brittany N
authors: BN
authors: Allen
authors: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
authors: Emily
authors: E
authors: Cheng
authors: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
authors: Bret D
authors: BD
authors: Ulery
authors: Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA; The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA; UConn Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, School of Engineering, Storrs, CT, USA; Connecticut Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA. Electronic address: wlo@uchc.edu.
authors: Kevin W-H
authors: KW
authors: Lo
mesh_terms: D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*
keywords: Musculoskeletal tissue; Nanomedicine; Small molecules; Targeted drug delivery