title: Factors related to the comorbidity between oppositional defiant disorder and anxiety disorders in preschool children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study is to identify factors related to comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and anxiety disorders (ADs).
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 622 children was assessed longitudinally at 3 and 5 years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  At baseline, there were 310 boys (49.8%), most participants were of Caucasian-white ethnicity (89.1%) and attended to public school (64.0%), and families' socioeconomic status was 64.3% medium-high, 14.1% medium and 20.5% medium-low. Children diagnosed with ODD and/or AD were selected: n = 103 at 3 years of age (44 ODD, 42 AD and 17 ODD + AD) and n = 106 at 5 years of age (31 ODD, 60 AD and 15 ODD + AD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  High levels of the child's negative affectivity and the mother's aggressive behavior (versus AD), and high scores in the father's psychopathology measurements (versus ODD) were related to the presence of comorbid ODD + AD at 3 years of age. High scores in approach-positive anticipation, fears (only in boys, in girls the reverse effect occurred) compared to ODD and AD independently and aggressive behavior (versus AD), and low scores for smiling and laughter (versus ODD only and AD only) were predictive of comorbidity at the 5 years of age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Temperament traits may be a common factor in explaining longitudinal ODD + AD comorbidity.
authors: a Unit of Epidemiology and Diagnosis in Developmental Psychopathology (2014 SGR 312) , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.|b Department of Clinical and Health Psychology , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.
authors: Virginia
authors: V
authors: Martín
authors: a Unit of Epidemiology and Diagnosis in Developmental Psychopathology (2014 SGR 312) , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.|c Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.
authors: Roser
authors: R
authors: Granero
authors: a Unit of Epidemiology and Diagnosis in Developmental Psychopathology (2014 SGR 312) , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.|c Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.
authors: Josep Maria
authors: JM
authors: Domènech
authors: a Unit of Epidemiology and Diagnosis in Developmental Psychopathology (2014 SGR 312) , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.|b Department of Clinical and Health Psychology , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.
authors: Lourdes
authors: L
authors: Ezpeleta
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Anxiety disorders; comorbidity; oppositional defiant disorder; preschool age; risk