title: Skin disorders in diabetes mellitus: an epidemiology and physiopathology review.
abstract: Skin disorders, usually neglected and frequently underdiagnosed among diabetic patients, are common complications and encounter a broad spectrum of disorders in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)-e.g. cutaneous infection, dry skin, pruritus. Skin disorders are highly associated with increased risk of important outcomes, such as skin lesions, ulcerations and diabetic foot, which can lead to major complications and revolve around multifactorial factors besides hyperglycemia and advanced glycation end products. Although diabetic's skin disorders are consistent in the literature, there is limited data regarding early-stage skin disorders in DM patients. Disease control, early-stage treatment (e.g. skin hydration, orthotic devices) and awareness can reduce morbidity of DM patients. Thus, better understanding of the burden of skin disorders in DM patients may raise awareness on prevention and management. Therefore, the aim of this study is to perform a literature review to evaluate the main clinical characteristics and complications of skin disorders in diabetic's patients. Additionally, physiopathology early-stage skin disorders and dermocosmetic management were also reviewed.
authors: Endocrine and Diabetes Department, Agamenon Magalhães Hospital, Estrada do Arraial, 2723, Casa Amarela, Recife, PE 52070-230 Brazil.
authors: Geisa Maria Campos
authors: GM
authors: de Macedo
authors: Brazilian Society of Dermatology São Paulo, São Paulo, 05423 010 Brazil.
authors: Samanta
authors: S
authors: Nunes
authors: Diabetes Division, Sanofi, São Paulo, São Paulo 05693-000 Brazil.
authors: Tania
authors: T
authors: Barreto
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Non-pharmacological treatment; Skin disorders