title: Cytotoxic effects of peanut phenolics possessing histone deacetylase inhibitory activity in breast and cervical cancer cell lines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epigenetic histone modifications are considered as a promising avenue for cancer preventive and therapeutic strategies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antiproliferative and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory activity of selected peanut phenolics, including p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, sinapinic acid and resveratrol, in MCF-7 and HeLa cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cytotoxic and HDAC inhibitory activities were assessed by MTT assays, flow cytometric analyses of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction, and western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that all four phenolics inhibited proliferation of both MCF-7 and HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner. Among the phenolics tested, resveratrol was the most effective in inhibiting growth of cancer cells. Treatment with all phenolics resulted in histone H3 hyperacetylation in both cell lines, indicating potential for HDAC inhibition. These phenolics induced apoptosis in both MCF-7 and HeLa cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, all phenolics induced G0/G1-phase arrest of the cell cycle in MCF-7 cells while p-coumaric and ferulic acids caused S-phase arrest in HeLa cells. Exposure to p-coumaric acid increased p53 and p21 expression but decreased CDK4 levels in both cell types, which could result in the observed G0/G1 arrest. Moreover, inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation by ferulic acid and resveratrol contributed to cell growth inhibition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peanut phenolics appear to influence the extent of histone acetylation in MCF-7 and HeLa cells, and this activity modulates multiple pathways that are implicated in cancer prevention.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors: Somprasong
authors: S
authors: Saenglee
authors: Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors: Sanun
authors: S
authors: Jogloy
authors: Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors: Aran
authors: A
authors: Patanothai
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Oregon, USA.
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Leid
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Natural Product Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. Electronic address: sthanaset@kku.ac.th.
authors: Thanaset
authors: T
authors: Senawong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010367:Arachis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006367:HeLa Cells; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology*; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D003603:Cytotoxins; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D010636:Phenols
keywords: Ferulic acid; HDAC inhibitor; Resveratrol; Sinapinic acid; p-Coumaric acid