title: The Association Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Depression in Older Adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Depression is the most frequent psychiatric disorder among the elderly. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic and prevalent disease that has an ambiguous role in triggering depression. Several researches with contradictory findings have been performed about the association between OSA and depression.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the association between OSA and depression among elderly.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 350 home residing elderly took part in this case-control study. The participants were selected using clustering method. All cases were divided into two groups of depressed and non-depressed using the geriatric depression scale (GDS). Then they were matched in age, gender, education and body mass index (BMI). Berlin questionnaire (BQ) was used to diagnose OSA. Data analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney U test, t-test, Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests and odds ratio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Totally, 60.6 % of depressed group and 18.9 % of non-depressed group were in high risk for OSA. A significant association was found between OSA and depression (P < 0.001, OR = 6.61, CI 95 % = 4.1 - 10.7). In addition, a significant association was found between gender and OSA (P = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OSA was associated with depression among the elderly patients. Given the high prevalence of OSA in older adults, implementation of screening methods is necessary to identify people at high risk of OSA.
authors: Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran; Imam Khomeini Hospital of Saqqez, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, IR Iran.
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Farajzadeh
authors: Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors: Meimanat
authors: M
authors: Hosseini
authors: Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors: Jamileh
authors: J
authors: Mohtashami
authors: Department of Biostatistics, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors: Samira
authors: S
authors: Chaibakhsh
authors: Management Department, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors: Mansoureh
authors: M
authors: Zagheri Tafreshi
authors: Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, IR Iran.
authors: Reza
authors: R
authors: Ghanei Gheshlagh
keywords: Depression; Elderly; Obstructive Sleep Apnea