title: The Role of Metformin in Controlling Oxidative Stress in Muscle of Diabetic Rats.
abstract: Metformin can act in muscle, inhibiting the complex I of the electron transport chain and decreasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Our hypothesis is that the inhibition of complex I can minimize damage oxidative in muscles of hypoinsulinemic rats. The present study investigated the effects of insulin and/or metformin treatment on oxidative stress levels in the gastrocnemius muscle of diabetic rats. Rats were rendered diabetic (D) with an injection of streptozotocin and were submitted to treatment with insulin (D+I), metformin (D+M), or insulin plus metformin (D+I+M) for 7 days. The body weight, glycemic control, and insulin resistance were evaluated. Then, oxidative stress levels, glutathione antioxidant defense system, and antioxidant status were analyzed in the gastrocnemius muscle of hypoinsulinemic rats. The body weight decreased in D+M compared to ND rats. D+I and D+I+M rats decreased the glycemia and D+I+M rats increased the insulin sensitivity compared to D rats. D+I+M reduced the oxidative stress levels and the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase in skeletal muscle when compared to D+I rats. In conclusion, our results reveal that dual therapy with metformin and insulin promotes more benefits to oxidative stress control in muscle of hypoinsulinemic rats than insulinotherapy alone.
authors: Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil.
authors: Danielle
authors: 0000-0002-2264-6182
authors: D
authors: Diniz Vilela
authors: Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil.
authors: Leonardo
authors: 0000-0002-4201-7076
authors: L
authors: Gomes Peixoto
authors: Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil.
authors: Renata Roland
authors: 0000-0002-5081-1384
authors: RR
authors: Teixeira
authors: Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil.
authors: Nathalia
authors: 0000-0003-0025-8207
authors: N
authors: Belele Baptista
authors: Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil.
authors: Douglas
authors: 0000-0002-2363-6584
authors: D
authors: Carvalho Caixeta
authors: Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil.
authors: Adriele
authors: 0000-0002-0533-7441
authors: A
authors: Vieira de Souza
authors: Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil.
authors: Hélen Lara
authors: 0000-0001-8987-9880
authors: HL
authors: Machado
authors: Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil.
authors: Mariana Nunes
authors: MN
authors: Pereira
authors: Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil.
authors: Robinson
authors: R
authors: Sabino-Silva
authors: Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil.
authors: Foued Salmen
authors: 0000-0001-7565-1164
authors: FS
authors: Espindola
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013311:Streptozocin; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D013311:Streptozocin; D008687:Metformin; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I