title: Biomarkers of patient intrinsic risk for upper and lower airway injury after exposure to the World Trade Center atrocity.
abstract: High rates of upper and lower airways disease have occurred in Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY) workers exposed to the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster site. Most experienced acute declines in pulmonary function, and some continued to experience decline over 14 years of follow-up. Similarly, some with rhinosinusitis had symptoms requiring sinus surgery.
  
  
  
  To increase generalizability of biomarker investigation, we describe biomarkers of risk for upper and lower airway injury that do not require stored serum.
  
  
  
  We review WTC biomarker literature.
  
  
  
  Cytokines expressed in stored serum from the first 6 months post-9/11 can identify individuals at higher risk for future abnormal pulmonary function.
  
  
  
  This research will help identify individuals at high risk of lung and sinus disease that develop after these, or future, irritant exposures for intensive monitoring and treatment. It may also identify targets for effective therapeutic interventions. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:788-794, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors: The Bureau of Health Services, Fire Department of New York City, Brooklyn, New York.|Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York.
authors: Rachel
authors: R
authors: Zeig-Owens
authors: The Bureau of Health Services, Fire Department of New York City, Brooklyn, New York.|Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Nolan
authors: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Putman
authors: The Bureau of Health Services, Fire Department of New York City, Brooklyn, New York.|Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York.
authors: Ankura
authors: A
authors: Singh
authors: The Bureau of Health Services, Fire Department of New York City, Brooklyn, New York.|Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York.
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Prezant
authors: The Bureau of Health Services, Fire Department of New York City, Brooklyn, New York.|Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
authors: Michael D
authors: MD
authors: Weiden
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004804:Eosinophils; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D047851:September 11 Terrorist Attacks; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; C043392:SERPINA1 protein, human; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin; D007073:Immunoglobulin E
keywords: World Trade Center; airways disease; lung injury; predictive biomarkers