title: Minocycline and Tigecycline: What Is Their Role in the Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Organisms?
abstract: Carbapenem-resistant organisms are increasingly common worldwide, particularly in India and are associated with high mortality rates especially in patients with severe infection such as bacteremia. Existing drugs such as carbapenems and polymyxins have a number of disadvantages, but remain the mainstay of treatment. The tetracycline class of antibiotics was first produced in the 1940s. Minocycline, tetracycline derivative, although licensed for treatment of wide range of infections, has not been considered for treatment of multidrug-resistant organisms until recently and needs further in vivo studies. Tigecycline, a derivative of minocycline, although with certain disadvantages, has been frequently used in the treatment of carbapenem-resistant organisms. In this article, we review the properties of minocycline and tigecycline, the common mechanisms of resistance, and assess their role in the management of carbapenem-resistant organisms.
authors: Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital , Vellore, India .
authors: Chaitra
authors: C
authors: Shankar
authors: Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital , Vellore, India .
authors: Laura E B
authors: LEB
authors: Nabarro
authors: Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital , Vellore, India .
authors: Shalini
authors: S
authors: Anandan
authors: Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital , Vellore, India .
authors: Balaji
authors: B
authors: Veeraraghavan
mesh_terms: D000151:Acinetobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D040981:Acinetobacter baumannii / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015780:Carbapenems / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D019450:Genes, MDR; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007710:Klebsiella Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008911:Minocycline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000078304:Tigecycline
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015780:Carbapenems; D000078304:Tigecycline; D008911:Minocycline
keywords: Acinetobacter spp.; Klebsiella pneumoniae; carbapenem-resistant organisms; minocycline; tetracycline; tigecycline