title: Effectiveness of modified seminars as a teaching-learning method in pharmacology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Student-led seminars (SLS) are adopted as a teaching-learning (T-L) method in pharmacology. Previous studies assessing the feedback on T-L methods in pharmacology points out that the traditional seminars consistently received poor feedbacks as they were not favorite among the students.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to obtain feedback on traditional SLS, introduce modified SLS and compare the modified seminars with the traditional ones.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective interventional study done for 2 months in medical undergraduates of fifth semester attending Pharmacology seminars at a Government Medical College in South India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Structured questionnaire was used to elicit feedback from participants. The responses were coded on 5-point Likert scale. Modifications in seminar sessions such as role plays, quiz, tests, group discussion, and patient-oriented problem-solving exercises were introduced along with SLS.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. The descriptive data were expressed using frequencies and percentages. Wilcoxon signed rank test, and Friedman tests were used to compare traditional with modified seminars.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The participants identified interaction as the most important component of a seminar. Majority opined that the teacher should summarize at the end of SLS. Student feedback shows that modified seminars created more interest, enthusiasm, and inspiration to learn the topic when compared to traditional SLS. They also increased peer coordination and group dynamics. Students opined that communication skills and teacher-student interactions were not improved with modified seminars.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interventions in the form of modified SLS may be adopted to break the monotony of traditional seminars through active participation, peer interaction, and teamwork.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Government TD Medical College, Alappuzha, Kerala, India.
authors: Dhanya Sasidharan
authors: DS
authors: Palappallil
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Government TD Medical College, Alappuzha, Kerala, India.
authors: Jitha
authors: J
authors: Sushama
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Government TD Medical College, Alappuzha, Kerala, India.
authors: Sai Nathan
authors: SN
authors: Ramnath
keywords: Educational feedback; medical education; pharmacology; seminars