title: Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Iranian patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus by PCR and ELISA.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis or Johne's disease in ruminants. Its role in triggering autoimmunity, including type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), has been reported in recent years. Due to the high contamination rate of MAP in Iran's livestock and the increasing outbreak of T1DM, we investigated this association in a small group of patients with T1DM in Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples of 29 T1DM patients and 29 healthy control subjects were tested through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies against MAP3865c and ZnT8 homologous epitopes and the presence of MAP DNA. Blood samples were also cultured in mycobacterial growth indicator tubes and Herrold's egg yolk medium containing mycobactin J.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of ELISA showed a significant difference between T1DM patients and healthy group. IS900 was also detected in 51.72% of T1DM patients but in none of the control group. None of the samples grew in culture media.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Due to the presence of MAP DNA and antibodies against MAP peptides in a significant number of T1DM patients compared with healthy control subjects, we may consider MAP as a possible trigger of T1DM in Iran. This indicates that exposure to MAP occurred in the positive subjects. Identifying the sources of contamination and routes of MAP transmission to humans seems necessary to prevent and reduce the burden of MAP infection in Iran.
authors: School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. s.hesamshariati@gmail.com.
authors: Sonia
authors: S
authors: Hesam Shariati
authors: Anoosha
authors: A
authors: Alaei
authors: Rouhollah
authors: R
authors: Keshavarz
authors: Nader
authors: N
authors: Mosavari
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Rabbani
authors: Magdalena
authors: M
authors: Niegowska
authors: Leonardo A
authors: LA
authors: Sechi
authors: Mohammad Mehdi
authors: MM
authors: Feizabadi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D001769:Blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000379:methods*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008828:Microbiological Techniques; D016927:Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010283:Paratuberculosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D004269:DNA, Bacterial