title: The Environmental Issues of DDT Pollution and Bioremediation: a Multidisciplinary Review.
abstract: DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane) is probably the best known and most useful organochlorine insecticide in the world which was used since 1945 for agricultural purposes and also for vector-borne disease control such as malaria since 1955, until its banishment in most countries by the Stockholm convention for ecologic considerations. However, the World Health Organization allowed its reintroduction only for control of vector-borne diseases in some tropical countries in 2006. Due to its physicochemical properties and specially its persistence related with a half-life up to 30 years, DDT linked to several health and social problems which are due to its accumulation in the environment and its biomagnification properties in living organisms. This manuscript compiles a multidisciplinary review to evaluate primarily (i) the worldwide contamination of DDT and (ii) its (eco) toxicological impact onto living organisms. Secondly, several ways for DDT bioremediation from contaminated environment are discussed. For this, reports on DDT biodegradation capabilities by microorganisms and ways to enhance bioremediation strategies to remove DDT are presented. The different existing strategies for DDT bioremediation are evaluated with their efficiencies and limitations to struggle efficiently this contaminant. Finally, rising new approaches and technological bottlenecks to promote DDT bioremediation are discussed.
authors: University of Nantes, UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA, CBAC group, 18 Bvd Gaston Defferre, 85000, La Roche sur Yon, France.|Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Carthage, Zarzouna, 7021, Tunisia.
authors: Ahlem
authors: A
authors: Mansouri
authors: University of Nantes, UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA, CBAC group, 18 Bvd Gaston Defferre, 85000, La Roche sur Yon, France.
authors: Mickael
authors: M
authors: Cregut
authors: Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Carthage, Zarzouna, 7021, Tunisia.
authors: Chiraz
authors: C
authors: Abbes
authors: University of Nantes, UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA, CBAC group, 18 Bvd Gaston Defferre, 85000, La Roche sur Yon, France.
authors: Marie-Jose
authors: MJ
authors: Durand
authors: Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Carthage, Zarzouna, 7021, Tunisia.
authors: Ahmed
authors: A
authors: Landoulsi
authors: University of Nantes, UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA, CBAC group, 18 Bvd Gaston Defferre, 85000, La Roche sur Yon, France. gerald.thouand@univ-nantes.fr.
authors: Gerald
authors: G
authors: Thouand
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D003634:DDT / Q000633:toxicity*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D003634:DDT
keywords: Biodegradation; Bioremediation; DDT; Ecotoxicity; Pollution; Toxicity