title: Citric acid based durable and sustainable flame retardant treatment for lyocell fabric.
abstract: Pyrovatex CP New, is a commonly used organophosphorus based flame retardant (FR) reagent for cellulosic materials. However, it has a drawback of high formaldehyde release when used with methylated melamine (MM) based cross-linker, a known carcinogenous compound. In the present approach, a durable and sustainable flame retarding recipe formulation for lyocell fabrics is developed using citric acid (CA) as a cross-linker. The FR finish was applied by pad-dry-cure process. The treated fabrics were characterized for surface morphology, elemental analysis, TG analysis, char study and FT-IR spectroscopy. Furthermore, flame retardancy, washing durability, formaldehyde release and breaking strength were also assessed, and compared with the conventional MM based FR recipe. The fabric samples treated with 400gL(-1) of FR with either 40 or 80gL(-1) of CA demonstrate flame retardancy even after 10 washing cycles. Furthermore, a 75% reduction in formaldehyde release is achieved. Higher char yield and lower decomposition temperature are found compared to untreated and FR+ MM treated lyocell. Such an improved sustainable recipe formulation can be used for lyocell fabric without any health risk in apparel wear.
authors: Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea; Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro, 76062, Pakistan.
authors: Naveed
authors: N
authors: Mengal
authors: Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro, 76062, Pakistan.
authors: Uzma
authors: U
authors: Syed
authors: Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro, 76062, Pakistan.
authors: Samander Ali
authors: SA
authors: Malik
authors: Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea; Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro, 76062, Pakistan.
authors: Iftikhar
authors: I
authors: Ali Sahito
authors: Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: shjeong@hanyang.ac.kr.
authors: Sung Hoon
authors: SH
authors: Jeong
mesh_terms: D019343:Citric Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry*; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis*; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000032:analysis; D008745:Methylation; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D013784:Textiles / Q000032:analysis*; D014227:Triazines / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D005411:Flame Retardants; D014227:Triazines; D005557:Formaldehyde; D019343:Citric Acid; C011907:melamine
keywords: Citric acid; Cross-linker; Easy care finishes; Flame retardant; Lyocell; Sustainable