title: Cancer Cell Death-Inducing Radiotherapy: Impact on Local Tumour Control, Tumour Cell Proliferation and Induction of Systemic Anti-tumour Immunity.
abstract: Radiotherapy (RT) predominantly is aimed to induce DNA damage in tumour cells that results in reduction of their clonogenicity and finally in tumour cell death. Adaptation of RT with higher single doses has become necessary and led to a more detailed view on what kind of tumour cell death is induced and which immunological consequences result from it. RT is capable of rendering tumour cells immunogenic by modifying the tumour cell phenotype and the microenvironment. Danger signals are released as well as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. This results in maturation of dendritic cells and priming of cytotoxic T cells as well as in activation of natural killer cells. However, RT on the other hand can also result in immune suppressive events including apoptosis induction and foster tumour cell proliferation. That's why RT is nowadays increasingly combined with selected immunotherapies.
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
authors: Benjamin
authors: B
authors: Frey
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
authors: Anja
authors: A
authors: Derer
authors: Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany.
authors: Heike
authors: H
authors: Scheithauer
authors: Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Centre Munich, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors: Roland
authors: R
authors: Wunderlich
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
authors: Rainer
authors: R
authors: Fietkau
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany. udo.gaipl@uk-erlangen.de.
authors: Udo S
authors: US
authors: Gaipl
mesh_terms: D000067531:Alarmins / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000528:radiation effects; D016923:Cell Death / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000528:radiation effects; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000528:radiation effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000528:radiation effects; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000528:radiation effects; D007167:Immunotherapy; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000528:radiation effects; D011836:Radiation Tolerance
chemical_list: D000067531:Alarmins; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins
keywords: Apoptosis; Autophagy; DNA damage; Danger signals; Immunogenic cell death; Immunotherapy; Necrosis; Radiotherapy; Senescence-associated secretory phenotype