title: Terrorist attacks in Paris: Surgical trauma experience in a referral center.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  On November 13th, 2015, terrorist bomb explosions and gunshots occurred in Paris, France, with 129 people immediately killed, and more than 300 being injured. This article describes the staff organization, surgical management, and patterns of injuries in casualties who were referred to the Teaching European Hospital Georges Pompidou.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is a retrospective analysis of the pre-hospital response and the in-hospital response in our referral trauma center. Data for patient flow, resource use, patterns of injuries and outcomes were obtained by the review of electronic hospital records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-one patients were referred to our center, and 22 requiring surgery were hospitalized for>24h. From November 14th at 0:41 A.M. to November 15th at 1:10 A.M., 23 surgical interventions were performed on 22 casualties. Gunshot injuries and/or shrapnel wounds were found in 45%, fractures in 45%, head trauma in 4.5%, and abdominal injuries in 14%. Soft-tissue and musculoskeletal injuries predominated in 77% of cases, peripheral nerve injury was identified in 30%. The mortality rate was 0% at last follow up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rapid staff and logistical response, immediate access to operating rooms, and multidisciplinary surgical care delivery led to excellent short-term outcomes, with no in-hospital death and only one patient being still hospitalized 45days after the initial event.
authors: Upper limb and Peripheral nerve Unit, Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Teaching European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. Electronic address: tms.gregory@gmail.com.
authors: Thomas M
authors: TM
authors: Gregory
authors: Upper limb and Peripheral nerve Unit, Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Teaching European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Bihel
authors: Spine surgery and General Orthopaedics Unit, Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Teaching European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors: Pierre
authors: P
authors: Guigui
authors: Upper limb and Peripheral nerve Unit, Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Teaching European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors: Jérôme
authors: J
authors: Pierrart
authors: Spine surgery and General Orthopaedics Unit, Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Teaching European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors: Benjamin
authors: B
authors: Bouyer
authors: Spine surgery and General Orthopaedics Unit, Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Teaching European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors: Baptiste
authors: B
authors: Magrino
authors: Upper limb and Peripheral nerve Unit, Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Teaching European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors: Damien
authors: D
authors: Delgrande
authors: Upper limb and Peripheral nerve Unit, Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Teaching European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors: Thibault
authors: T
authors: Lafosse
authors: Upper limb and Peripheral nerve Unit, Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Teaching European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors: Jaber
authors: J
authors: Al Khaili
authors: Upper limb and Peripheral nerve Unit, Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Teaching European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Spine surgery and General Orthopaedics Unit, Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Teaching European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors: Antoine
authors: A
authors: Baldacci
authors: Spine surgery and General Orthopaedics Unit, Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Teaching European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors: Guillaume
authors: G
authors: Lonjon
authors: Spine surgery and General Orthopaedics Unit, Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Teaching European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors: Sébastien
authors: S
authors: Moreau
authors: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Teaching European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors: Laurent
authors: L
authors: Lantieri
authors: Department of Vascular Surgery, Teaching European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors: Jean-Marc
authors: JM
authors: Alsac
authors: Department of Anaesthesiology, Teaching European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors: Jean-Baptiste
authors: JB
authors: Dufourcq
authors: Department of Anaesthesiology, Teaching European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors: Jean
authors: J
authors: Mantz
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, Teaching European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Juvin
authors: Department of Imaging, Teaching European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Halimi
authors: Department of Visceral Surgery, Teaching European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Douard
authors: MOVEO Institute, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors: Olivier
authors: O
authors: Mir
authors: Upper limb and Peripheral nerve Unit, Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Teaching European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors: Emmanuel
authors: E
authors: Masmejean
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001753:Blast Injuries / Q000628:therapy*; D003422:Critical Care / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational / Q000592:standards*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D005107:Explosions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010297:Paris; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D023481:Terrorism; D014193:Trauma Centers / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Injury; Perihperal nerve surgery; Trauma: gunshot; Upper limb surgery