title: Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) eyeball oil exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK activation in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and croton oil-treated mice.
abstract: The effect of tuna eyeball oil (TEO) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in macrophage cells was investigated. TEO had no cytotoxicity in cell viability as compared to the control in LPS induced RAW 264.7 cells. TEO reduced the levels of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines by up to 50% in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of NF-κB and MAPKs as well as iNOS and COX-2 proteins was reduced by TEO, which suggests that its anti-inflammatory activity is related to the suppression of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. The rate of formation of ear edema was reduced compared to that in the control at the highest dose tested. In an acute toxicity test, no mice were killed by TEO doses of up to 5000mg/kg body weight during the two week observation period. These results suggested that TEO may have a significant effect on inflammatory factors and be a potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic.
authors: Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea.
authors: Da-Hyun
authors: DH
authors: Jeong
authors: Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, 474, Ilgwang-ro, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-911, Republic of Korea.
authors: Koth-Bong-Woo-Ri
authors: KB
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea.
authors: Min-Ji
authors: MJ
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea.
authors: Bo-Kyeong
authors: BK
authors: Kang
authors: Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: dhahn@pknu.ac.kr.
authors: Dong-Hyun
authors: DH
authors: Ahn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003436:Croton Oil; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004423:Ear / Q000473:pathology; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D005123:Eye / Q000737:chemistry*; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D014413:Tuna
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D005395:Fish Oils; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D003436:Croton Oil; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: Anti-inflammation; Ear edema; Mitogen-activated protein kinases; Nuclear factor kappa B; Tuna eyeball oil