title: Long-term observation of indirect lymphography using gadolinium-loaded polyethylenimine-entrapped gold nanoparticles as a dual mode CT/MR contrast agent for rabbit lingual sentinel lymph node identification.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  The rabbit lingual sentinel lymph node (SLN) could be long-term visualized by indirect lymphography using gadolinium-loaded polyethylenimine-entrapped gold nanoparticles (Gd-Au PENPs) as CT/MR dual-modal contrast agent.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate duration and intensity of rabbit lingual SLN enhancement using Gd-Au PENPs as a CT/MR dual-modal contrast agent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve rabbits were randomly divided into indirect CT lymphography (CT-LG) and MR lymphography (MR-LG) groups. In each group, two rabbits received unilateral injection and four received bilateral injection of Gd-Au PENPs in the sub-mucosa of the tongue. Then the enhancement characteristics of SLN were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The enhanced SLNs were observed in 100% in all rabbits by indirect CT-LG and MR-LG simultaneously at 1 min after injection. Then SLN enhancement was improved rapidly and the first peaks were observed at 25 min for CT-LG and 1 h for MR-LG, respectively, then SLN enhancement decreased gradually to a minimum at 2 h for CT-LG and 3 h for MR-LG. Afterwards, the enhancement intensity increased again and second peaks were observed at 24 h for both CT-LG and MR-LG. Hereafter, the intensity dropped slowly and weak enhancement was also observed at the 40th week for CT-LG and 31st day for MR-LG. Black-stained SLNs were visualized in 100% at autopsy in all rabbits.
authors: a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , PR China.|b Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology , Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , PR China.
authors: Yue
authors: Y
authors: Yang
authors: a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , PR China.|b Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology , Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , PR China.
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Zhou
authors: c College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , Donghua University , Shanghai , PR China.
authors: Xiangyang
authors: X
authors: Shi
authors: d Department of Radiology , Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , PR China.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Sha
authors: a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , PR China.|b Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology , Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , PR China.
authors: Haitao
authors: H
authors: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium; D006046:Gold; D008220:Lymphography / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D011094:Polyethyleneimine; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation; D000071036:Sentinel Lymph Node / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D006046:Gold; D011094:Polyethyleneimine; D005682:Gadolinium
keywords: CT/MRI; Indirect lymphography; dual mode; gold; sentinel lymph node