title: Depressive symptoms and autobiographical memory: A pilot electroencephalography (EEG) study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown changes in the activity of medial prefrontal, medial temporal, and occipital regions in major depressive disorder patients during recall of autobiographical memories. Electrophysiological underpinning of these changes is not known. It is also not clear whether they are a part of the clinical picture or appear at preclinical stages in individuals predisposed to depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, the effect of depressive symptoms, as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), on oscillatory dynamics accompanying retrieval of emotionally positive and negative autobiographical memories was investigated in a nonclinical sample using electroencephalographic event-related spectral power and connectivity measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Psychometric results showed that BDI scores correlated positively with the strength of negative emotion, vividness of negative memories, and their importance for participant's life. In high BDI scorers, low-frequency synchronization, which is frequently used as a marker of emotional arousal, prevailed in negative episodes, whereas in low BDI scorers it prevailed in positive episodes. sLORETA localized sources of this synchronization in the medial prefrontal cortex. In negative episodes, depressive symptoms were associated with a diminished event-related connectivity in the alpha band in posterior regions and increased connectivity in beta and gamma bands in frontal regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, these results show that even at preclinical stages, depressive symptoms are associated with changes in electrophysiological processes accompanying retrieval of autobiographical memories.
authors: a Department of Psychophysiology of Individual Differences , Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine , Novosibirsk , Russia.
authors: Gennady G
authors: GG
authors: Knyazev
authors: a Department of Psychophysiology of Individual Differences , Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine , Novosibirsk , Russia.|b Humanitarian Faculty , Novosibirsk State University , Novosibirsk , Russia.
authors: Alexander N
authors: AN
authors: Savostyanov
authors: a Department of Psychophysiology of Individual Differences , Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine , Novosibirsk , Russia.|b Humanitarian Faculty , Novosibirsk State University , Novosibirsk , Russia.
authors: Andrey V
authors: AV
authors: Bocharov
authors: a Department of Psychophysiology of Individual Differences , Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine , Novosibirsk , Russia.
authors: Valeriya B
authors: VB
authors: Kuznetsova
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003863:Depression / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D061212:Memory, Episodic; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Autobiographical memory; Depression; Electroencephalography; Functional connectivity; sLORETA