title: Blow-spun chitosan/PEG/PLGA nanofibers as a novel tissue engineering scaffold with antibacterial properties.
abstract: Blow spinning is continuing to gain attention in tissue engineering, as the resultant nanofibrous structures can be used to create a biomimetic environment. In this study, blow spinning was used to construct nanofiber scaffolds with up to 10 % chitosan and poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) in the absence or presence of poly(ethylene glycol). Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that nanofibers were distributed randomly to form three-dimensional mats. With respect to chitosan concentration, the average fiber diameter did not differ statistically in either the absence or presence of poly(ethylene glycol). In poly(ethylene glycol)-formulations, the average fiber diameter ranged from (981.9 ± 611.3) nm to (1139.2 ± 814.2) nm. In vitro cellular metabolic activity and proliferation studies using keratinized rat squamous epithelial cells (RL-65) showed that cytocompatibility was not compromised with the addition of poly(ethylene glycol). The cell responses at lower (1 and 2.5 %) chitosan concentrations were not significantly different from the groups without chitosan or no scaffold when cultivated for 3, 6, or 9 days. However, >15 % reduction in cellular responses were observed at 10 % chitosan. In presence of poly(ethylene glycol), nearly a 1-log incremental reduction in the number of colony forming units of Streptococcus mutans occurred as the chitosan concentration increased from 0-1 to 2.5 %. Bacterial preparations tested with poly(ethylene glycol) and 5 or 10 % chitosan were not significantly different than the positive kill control. Taken together, the most favorable conditions for attaining cytocompatibility and maintaining antibacterial functionality existed in poly(ethylene glycol)/poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) blow-spun scaffolds with integrated 1 or 2.5 % chitosan.
authors: ADA Foundation, Dr. Anthony Volpe Research Center, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA. bienekd@ada.org.
authors: Diane R
authors: DR
authors: Bienek
authors: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Engineering Laboratory-Fire Research Division, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
authors: Kathleen M
authors: KM
authors: Hoffman
authors: ADA Foundation, Dr. Anthony Volpe Research Center, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
authors: Wojtek
authors: W
authors: Tutak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology; D007633:Keratins / Q000378:metabolism; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D013295:Streptococcus mutans; D013696:Temperature; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D011091:Polyesters; D011137:Polystyrenes; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D007633:Keratins; D048271:Chitosan