title: Prognostic Factors in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension-A Nationwide Cohort Study.
abstract: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a rare but fatal condition. Large-scale studies to examine the prognostic factors are lacking. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the factors associated with overall mortality in PH patients.
  
  
  
  Based on Taiwan's National Health Insurance Database, we identified 1092 newly identified PH patients between 1999 and 2011. These patients were matched with 8736 healthy subjects based on propensity score calculated with age, sex, and chronic cardiovascular risk factors. Overall mortality, death incidence rate ratio, and hazard ratio were calculated. Patients with PH had a higher mortality than controls (56.45 versus 18.51 per 1000 person-years, P<0.0001), with hazard ratio at 3.3 (95% CI: 2.92-3.73, P<0.001). The long-term survival rates of the PH patients at 1, 5, and 10 years were 87.9%, 72.5%, and 62.6%, respectively, which were significantly lower than controls with 98.4%, 90.8%, and 83.6% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively. Among patients with PH, the mortality rate was higher in the older and male patients. However, after stratifying by age and sex, the younger (<50 years) and female patients had a higher risk. Regarding different etiologies of PH, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary embolism led to most cases of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio: 3.2, 95% CI: 2.76-3.71 and 4.64, 95% CI: 2.74-7.87, P<0.05).
  
  
  
  PH has high mortality, especially in females, and patients with younger age and with chronic diseases. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary embolism contributed to an increased risk of mortality in PH patients.
authors: Department of Cardiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 710, Taiwan.
authors: Wei-Ting
authors: WT
authors: Chang
authors: Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Shih-Feng
authors: SF
authors: Weng
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors: Chih-Hsin
authors: CH
authors: Hsu
authors: Department of Cardiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors: Jhih-Yuan
authors: JY
authors: Shih
authors: Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors: Jhi-Joung
authors: JJ
authors: Wang
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors: Chun-Ying
authors: CY
authors: Wu
authors: Department of Cardiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan City, Taiwan cmcvecho@gmail.com.
authors: Zhih-Cherng
authors: ZC
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002423:Cause of Death; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D057216:Propensity Score; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: age; mortality; pulmonary hypertension; sex