title: POSTERIOR POLAR ANNULAR CHOROIDAL DYSTROPHY: A CASE SERIES.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the multimodal imaging findings of posterior polar annular choroidal dystrophy (PPACD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series of 2 patients diagnosed with PPACD. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, and fluorescein angiography findings of PPACD are described. Electroretinography results are also presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both patients presented with bilateral peripapillary atrophy extending to involve the temporal arcades in an annular, foveal sparing pattern. Both cases demonstrated outer retinal atrophy with foveal sparing on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and fluorescein angiography illustrated corresponding window defects with late staining. Fundus autofluorescence showed hypoautofluorescence in the center of atrophic areas but hyperautofluorescence at the leading edge. Electroretinography findings included cone loss with rod preservation. Inflammatory and infectious workup was unremarkable in both cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report describes the multimodal imaging findings of a rare and poorly described chorioretinal disorder, PPACD, and will serve to guide clinicians regarding the evaluation and management of this elusive condition.
authors: *Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; †Associated Retina Consultants, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Michigan, Royal Oak, Michigan; ‡Department of Ophthalmology, The Permanente Medical Group, Roseville, California; and §Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare Center, Los Angeles, California.
authors: Tamara L
authors: TL
authors: Lenis
authors: Michael A
authors: MA
authors: Klufas
authors: Sandeep
authors: S
authors: Randhawa
authors: Mithlesh
authors: M
authors: Sharma
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Sarraf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002829:Choroid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D015862:Choroid Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D020419:Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate / Q000473:pathology; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies