title: Relationship between salivary immunoglobulin a, lactoferrin and lysozyme flow rates and lifestyle factors in Japanese children: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The antimicrobial substances in saliva contribute to the maintenance of both oral health and overall health of the body. Therefore, the associations among immunoglobulin A (IgA), lactoferrin and lysozyme flow rates in the saliva of children, and their relationships with the physical attributes and lifestyle factors of children, were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Saliva was collected from 90 children who visited the Kanagawa Dental University Hospital Pediatric Dentistry, and questionnaires were completed by guardians. IgA, lactoferrin and lysozyme concentrations were measured in the saliva samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IgA flow rate in saliva increased as age, height and weight increased. A correlation was found between lactoferrin and lysozyme flow rates. When the antimicrobial substance flow rates in the saliva were divided into two groups of 22 children each based on the highest and lowest quartiles, children with either a low or high IgA flow rate also had a high or low lactoferrin flow rate, respectively. The same pattern was observed for lactoferrin and lysozyme flow rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a high probability that the IgA flow rate in the saliva of children reflects and corresponds to the developmental status of immune function as the child ages and increases in height and weight. The flow rates of lactoferrin and lysozyme were correlated in children. In addition, regarding lifestyle factors, the duration of sleep and lactoferrin flow rate were also related.
authors: a Division of Environmental Pathology, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry , Kanagawa Dental University , Kanagawa , Japan.
authors: Momo
authors: M
authors: Ide
authors: b Division of Salivary Gland and Health Medicine, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry , Kanagawa Dental University , Kanagawa , Japan.
authors: Juri
authors: J
authors: Saruta
authors: b Division of Salivary Gland and Health Medicine, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry , Kanagawa Dental University , Kanagawa , Japan.
authors: Masahiro
authors: M
authors: To
authors: c School of Dental Hygiene , Kanagawa Dental University , Kanagawa , Japan.
authors: Yuko
authors: Y
authors: Yamamoto
authors: a Division of Environmental Pathology, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry , Kanagawa Dental University , Kanagawa , Japan.|d Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University , Yamagata , Japan.
authors: Masahiro
authors: M
authors: Sugimoto
authors: e Department of Dental Sociology, Graduate School of Dentistry , Kanagawa Dental University , Kanagawa , Japan.
authors: Shinya
authors: S
authors: Fuchida
authors: f Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Function and Restoration, Graduate School of Dentistry , Kanagawa Dental University , Kanagawa , Japan.
authors: Mina
authors: M
authors: Yokoyama
authors: f Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Function and Restoration, Graduate School of Dentistry , Kanagawa Dental University , Kanagawa , Japan.
authors: Shigenari
authors: S
authors: Kimoto
authors: a Division of Environmental Pathology, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry , Kanagawa Dental University , Kanagawa , Japan.
authors: Keiichi
authors: K
authors: Tsukinoki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D009113:Muramidase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D009909:Oral Health; D012463:Saliva / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012636:Secretory Rate / Q000502:physiology; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; C490098:LTF protein, human; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; D009113:Muramidase; D007781:Lactoferrin
keywords: Child; immunoglobulin A; lactoferrin; lysozymes; saliva