title: Evaluating oxidative stress, serological- and haematological status of dogs suffering from osteoarthritis, after supplementing their diet with fish or corn oil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of disease, and the antioxidant physiological effect of omega-3 from fish oil may lead to improvement of canine spontaneous osteoarthritis (OA).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective randomized, controlled, double-blinded study, we assessed haematological and biochemical parameters in dogs with OA following supplementation with either a concentrated omega-3 deep sea fish oil product or corn oil. Blood samples from 77 client-owned dogs diagnosed as having OA were taken before (baseline) and 16 weeks after having orally ingested 0.2 ml/Kg bodyweight/day of deep sea fish oil or corn oil. Circulating malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI), free carnitine (Free-Car), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), and serum fatty acids, haemograms and serum biochemistry were evaluated. Differences within and between groups from baseline to end, were analysed using repeated samples T-test or Wilcoxon rank test and independent samples T-test or a Mann-Whitney test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Supplementation with fish oil resulted in a significant reduction from day 0 to day 112 in MDA (from 3.41 ± 1.34 to 2.43 ± 0.92 μmol/L; P < 0.001) and an elevation in Free-Car (from 18.18 ± 9.78 to 21.19 ± 9.58 μmol/L; P = 0.004) concentrations, whereas dogs receiving corn oil presented a reduction in MDA (from 3.41 ± 1.34 to 2.41 ± 1.01 μmol/L; P = 0.001) and NTBI (from -1.25 ± 2.17 to -2.31 ± 1.64 μmol/L; P = 0.002). Both groups showed increased (albeit not significantly) GSH and 8-OH-dG blood values. Dogs supplemented with fish oil had a significant reduction in the proportions of monocytes (from 3.84 ± 2.50 to 1.77 ± 1.92 %; P = 0.030) and basophils (from 1.47 ± 1.22 to 0.62 ± 0.62 %; P = 0.012), whereas a significant reduction in platelets counts (from 316.13 ± 93.83 to 288.41 ± 101.68 × 10(9)/L; P = 0.029), and an elevation in glucose (from 5.18 ± 0.37 to 5.32 ± 0.47 mmol/L; P = 0.041) and cholesterol (from 7.13 ± 1.62 to 7.73 ± 2.03 mmol/L; P = 0.011) measurements were observed in dogs receiving corn oil.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In canine OA, supplementation with deep sea fish oil improved diverse markers of oxidative status in the dogs studied. As corn oil also contributed to the reduction in certain oxidative markers, albeit to a lesser degree, there was no clear difference between the two oil groups. No clinical, haematological or biochemical evidence of side effects emerged related to supplementation of either oil. Although a shift in blood fatty acid values was apparent due to the type of nutraceutical product given to the dogs, corn oil seems not to be a good placebo.
authors: Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 57, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.|Department of Anatomy, Pathology and Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, CEP: 40170-110, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors: Stella Maria
authors: SM
authors: Barrouin-Melo
authors: Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 57, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Johanna
authors: J
authors: Anturaniemi
authors: Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 57, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Satu
authors: S
authors: Sankari
authors: Clanet Oy, Lotankatu 1, 02680, Espoo, Finland.
authors: Mikko
authors: M
authors: Griinari
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 57, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.|Rinnekoti Research Centre, Nousumäki 2, 02980, Espoo, Finland.
authors: Faik
authors: F
authors: Atroshi
authors: Rinnekoti Research Centre, Nousumäki 2, 02980, Espoo, Finland.
authors: Sakaewan
authors: S
authors: Ounjaijean
authors: Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 57, 00014, Helsinki, Finland. anna.hielm-bjorkman@helsinki.fi.
authors: Anna Katrina
authors: AK
authors: Hielm-Björkman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D003314:Corn Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000188:drug therapy; D004285:Dogs; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005395:Fish Oils; D003314:Corn Oil
keywords: 8-OH-dG; Dog; Fatty acid; GSH; MDA; NTBI; Natural model; OA; Omega-3; Omega-6; Osteoarthritis