title: Bioactive extracts from berry byproducts on the pathogenicity of Salmonella Typhimurium.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic properties of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) in the presence of lethal and sublethal concentrations (SLC2LOG) of blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) pomace extracts. Antimicrobial susceptibility, physicochemical properties, motility, biofilm formation ability, virulence gene expression patterns, and the ability of ST to colonize in chick cecum were evaluated in the presence of these bioactive extracts. HPLC-MS analysis indicated that the phenolics in the berry pomace extracts consisted, but not limited to, flavan, flavanone, flavones, glucuronides, glucosides, quinolones, catechol, coumarin, phenols, luteolines, tannins, quercetin, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, gallic acid, and xanthoxic acid. The SLC2LOGof both berry pomace extracts increased the rates of injured ST by ~50%; significantly decreased the hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, cellular motility, and invasion into cultured INT407, HD11, and DF1 cells. The relative expression of type III secretion system regulated genes, hilA, hilC, invA, invF, sirA, and sirB was significantly downregulated in ST. In addition, natural colonization ability of Salmonella in chick cecum was reduced by more than two logs in the presence of 0.5 and 1.0gGallicAcidEquivalent/L berry pomace extracts when provided as water supplement. Findings from this study reveal the high potential of phenolic extracts from berry pomaces as a green antimicrobial against enteric pathogen Salmonella and application in the reduction of pre-harvest colonization level of Salmonella in poultry gut.
authors: Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
authors: Serajus
authors: S
authors: Salaheen
authors: Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
authors: Ekta
authors: E
authors: Jaiswal
authors: Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
authors: Jungsoo
authors: J
authors: Joo
authors: Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
authors: Mengfei
authors: M
authors: Peng
authors: Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
authors: Ryan
authors: R
authors: Ho
authors: Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
authors: Danielle
authors: D
authors: OConnor
authors: The Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
authors: Katrina
authors: K
authors: Adlerz
authors: The Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
authors: Jose Helim
authors: JH
authors: Aranda-Espinoza
authors: Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. Electronic address: dbiswas@umd.edu.
authors: Debabrata
authors: D
authors: Biswas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018441:Biofilms; D029798:Blueberry Plants / Q000737:chemistry*; D002432:Cecum / Q000382:microbiology; D002645:Chickens; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005506:Food Contamination; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D010636:Phenols; D015534:Trans-Activators
keywords: Antimicrobials; Gene expression; In vivo; Phenolics; Salmonella