title: Cortisol Induces Reactive Oxygen Species Through a Membrane Glucocorticoid Receptor in Rainbow Trout Myotubes.
abstract: Cortisol is an essential regulator of neuroendocrine stress responses in teleosts. Cortisol predominantly affects target tissues through the genomic pathway, which involves interacting with cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors, and thereby, modulating stress-response gene expressions. Cortisol also produces rapid effects via non-genomic pathways, which do not involve gene transcription. Although cortisol-mediated genomic pathways are well documented in teleosts, non-genomic pathways are not fully understood. Moreover, no studies have focused on the contribution of non-genomic cortisol pathways in compensatory stress responses in fish. In this study, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) skeletal myotubes were stimulated with physiological concentrations of cortisol and cortisol-BSA, a membrane-impermeable agent, resulting in an early induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This production was not suppressed by transcription or translation inhibitors, suggesting non-genomic pathway involvement. Moreover, myotube preincubation with RU486 and NAC completely suppressed cortisol- and cortisol-BSA-induced ROS production. Subcellular fractionation analysis revealed the presence of cell membrane glucocorticoid receptors. Finally, cortisol-BSA induced a significant increase in ERK1/2 and CREB phosphorylation, as well as in CREB-dependent transcriptional activation of the pgc1a gene expression. The obtained results strongly suggest that cortisol acts through a non-genomic glucocorticoid receptor-mediated pathway to induce ROS production and contribute to ERK/CREB/PGC1-α signaling pathway activation as stress compensation mechanisms. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 718-725, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors: Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.|Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
authors: Marlen B
authors: MB
authors: Espinoza
authors: Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.|Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
authors: Jorge E
authors: JE
authors: Aedo
authors: Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.|Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
authors: Rodrigo
authors: R
authors: Zuloaga
authors: Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.|Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
authors: Cristian
authors: C
authors: Valenzuela
authors: Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.|Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile.|Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Universidad Andrés Bello, Quintay, Chile.
authors: Alfredo
authors: A
authors: Molina
authors: Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.|Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile.|Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Universidad Andrés Bello, Quintay, Chile.
authors: Juan A
authors: JA
authors: Valdés
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006727:Hormone Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D015735:Mifepristone / Q000494:pharmacology; D008954:Models, Biological; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D013148:Spironolactone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D029941:Fish Proteins; D006727:Hormone Antagonists; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D013148:Spironolactone; D015735:Mifepristone; C041006:RU 28318; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: CORTISOL; MYOTUBE; NON-GENOMIC; SKELETAL MUSCLE; STRESS; TELEOST