title: Mathematical Nanotoxicoproteomics: Quantitative Characterization of Effects of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) and TiO2 Nanobelts (TiO2-NB) on Protein Expression Patterns in Human Intestinal Cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Various applications of nanosubstances in industrial and consumer goods sectors are growing rapidly because of their useful chemical and physical properties.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Assessment of hazard posed by exposure to nanosubstances is essential for the protection of human and ecological health.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the proteomics patterns of Caco-2/HT29-MTX cells in co-culture exposed for three and twenty four hours to two kinds of nanoparticles: multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and TiO2 nanobelts (TiO2-NB). For each nanosubstance cells were exposed to two concentrations of the material before carrying out proteomics analyses: 10 μg and 100 μg. In each case over 3000 proteins were identified. A mathematically based similarity index, which measures the changes in abundances of cellular proteins that are highly affected by exposure to the nanosubstances, was used to characterize toxic effects of the nanomaterials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 8 and 25 proteins, which are most highly affected by MWCNT and TiO2-NB, respectively. These proteins may be responsible for specific response of cells to the nanoparticles. Further 14 reported proteins are affected by either of the two nanoparticles and they are probably related to nonspecific toxic response of the cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The similarity methods proposed in this paper may be useful in the management and visualization of the large amount of data generated by proteomics technologies.
authors: Natural Resources Research Institute and University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55811, USA. sbasak@nrri.umn.edu.
authors: Subhash C
authors: SC
authors: Basak
authors: Marjan
authors: M
authors: Vracko
authors: Frank A
authors: FA
authors: Witzmann
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D057225:Data Mining; D030562:Databases, Protein; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D048088:Informatics; D008954:Models, Biological; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D036103:Nanotechnology; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000633:toxicity*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000633:toxicity*; D014116:Toxicology / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D011506:Proteins; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium