title: Personalized medicine in psychiatry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Personalized medicine is a model in which a patient's unique clinical, genetic, and environmental characteristics are the basis for treatment and prevention. Aim, method, and results: This review aims to describe the current tools, phenomenological features, clinical risk factors, and biomarkers used to provide personalized medicine. Furthermore, this study describes the target areas in which they can be applied including diagnostics, treatment selection and response, assessment of risk of side-effects, and prevention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Personalized medicine in psychiatry is challenged by the current taxonomy, where the diagnostic categories are broad and great biological heterogeneity exists within each category. There is, thus, a gap between the current advanced research prospects and clinical practice, and the current taxonomy is, thus, a poor basis for biological research. The discussion proposes possible solutions to narrow this gap and to move psychiatric research forward towards personalized medicine.
authors: a Psychiatric Center Ballerup , Ballerup , Denmark.
authors: Ida Kim
authors: IK
authors: Wium-Andersen
authors: b Psychiatric Center Copenhagen , Copenhagen University , Copenhagen , Denmark.
authors: Maj
authors: M
authors: Vinberg
authors: b Psychiatric Center Copenhagen , Copenhagen University , Copenhagen , Denmark.
authors: Lars Vedel
authors: LV
authors: Kessing
authors: c Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit , University Health Network , Toronto , ON , Canada.
authors: Roger S
authors: RS
authors: McIntyre
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Biomarkers; RDoC; diagnostic system; genetics; personalized medicine; psychiatry; taxonomy