title: A New Octadecenoic Acid Derivative from Caesalpinia gilliesii Flowers with Potent Hepatoprotective Activity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Caesalpinia gilliesii Hook is an ornamental shrub with showy yellow flowers. It was used in folk medicine due to its contents of different classes of secondary metabolites. In our previous study, dichloromethane extract of C. gilliesii flowers showed a good antioxidant activity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Isolation and identification of bioactive hepatoprotective compounds from C. gilliesii flowers dichloromethane fraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  The hepatoprotective activity of dichloromethane fraction and isolated compounds were studied in CCl4-intoxicated rat liver slices by measuring liver injury markers (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and glutathione [GSH]). All compounds were structurally elucidated on the basis of electron ionization-mass spectrometry, one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A new 12,13,16-trihydroxy-14(Z)-octadecenoic acid was identified in addition to the known β-sitosterol-3-O-butyl, daucosterol, isorhamnetin, isorhamnetin-3-O-rhamnoside, luteolin-7,4'-dimethyl ether, genistein-5-methyl ether, luteolin-7-O-rhamnoside, isovanillic acid, and p-methoxybenzoic acid. Dichloromethane fraction and isorhamnetin were able to significantly protect the liver against intoxication. Moreover, the dichloromethane fraction and the isolated phytosterols induced GSH above the normal level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hepatoprotective activity of C. gilliesii may be attributed to its high content of phytosterols and phenolic compounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bioactive Hepatoprotective phytosterols and phenolics from chloroform extract of Caesalpinia gilliesii Abbreviations used: ALT: Alanine Aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; GSH: Glutathione; SC50: Scavenging Capacity 50 (SC 50); COSY: Correlation spectroscopy; NMR: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; CC: Column chromatography; EI-MS: Electron-impact mass spectrometry; HSQC: Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation.
authors: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt.
authors: Samir M
authors: SM
authors: Osman
authors: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt.
authors: Alaadin E
authors: AE
authors: El-Haddad
authors: Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematic, National Research Center (NRC), 33 EL Bohouth st., Dokki, P.O.12622, Egypt.
authors: Mohamed A
authors: MA
authors: El-Raey
authors: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt.
authors: Soad M
authors: SM
authors: Abd El-Khalik
authors: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt.
authors: Mahmoud A
authors: MA
authors: Koheil
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, ImNeuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Wink
keywords: Caesalpinia; aspartate aminotransferase and glutathione); fatty acid; hepatoprotective activity; isorhamnetin; liver injury markers (alanine aminotransferase; octadecenoic acid; plant phenolics