title: Cardiac magnetic resonance and galectin-3 level as predictors of prognostic outcomes for non-ischemic cardiomyopathy patients.
abstract: This study was aimed at determining whether late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in conjunction with Galectin-3 (Gal-3) level offered more precise prognosis of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) in comparison to LGE alone. Results of LGE and Gal-3 expression in 192 patients with NICM, including 85 subjects with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and 107 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), were examined. As suggested by the characteristics of LGE and Gal-3 levels, patients were divided into four groups: LGE positive + low Gal-3 (n = 10 for DCM, n = 15 for HCM), LGE positive + high Gal-3 (n = 25 for DCM, n = 51 for HCM), LGE negative + low Gal-3 (n = 32 for DCM, n = 29 for HCM), LGE negative + high Gal-3 (n = 18 for DCM, n = 12 for HCM). Primary endpoints over the follow-up period included major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and univariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze the survival status of patients with NICM. The optimal cut-off value of Gal-3 level for two types of NICM was determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis (13.38 U/L for DCM and 14.40 U/L for HCM). The combination of LGE and Gal-3 levels offered a more significant prognostic value than using LGE alone for both DCM and HCM (DCM P = 0.001 < 0.012; HCM P = 0.037 < 0.040). Moreover, the Cox proportional hazard model suggested that both LGE status [Hazard ratio (HR) = 2.62, P = 0.017] and Gal-3 level (HR = 1.16, P = 0.013) were significant predictors of MACEs in DCM, while they did not appear to have significant prognostic values for HCM (P = 0.06 and 0.64). Furthermore, the multivariate analysis only confirmed LGE as an independent element in predicting prognosis of DCM (HR = 12.19, P = 0.026). In conclusion, LGE status was an independent indicator of DCM prognosis, yet the insignificant role of LGE in HCM prognosis could be limited by sample size.
authors: Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Chenzhou, Luojiajing No.102, Bei huCounty, Chenzhou, Hunan, 423000, People's Republic of China. liulidr@126.com.
authors: Da-Jun
authors: DJ
authors: Hu
authors: Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Chenzhou, Luojiajing No.102, Bei huCounty, Chenzhou, Hunan, 423000, People's Republic of China.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Xu
authors: Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Chenzhou, Luojiajing No.102, Bei huCounty, Chenzhou, Hunan, 423000, People's Republic of China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Du
authors: Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Chenzhou, Luojiajing No.102, Bei huCounty, Chenzhou, Hunan, 423000, People's Republic of China.
authors: Jian-Xin
authors: JX
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Chenzhou, Luojiajing No.102, Bei huCounty, Chenzhou, Hunan, 423000, People's Republic of China.
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Zhong
authors: Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Chenzhou, Luojiajing No.102, Bei huCounty, Chenzhou, Hunan, 423000, People's Republic of China.
authors: Ya-Nan
authors: YN
authors: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019540:Area Under Curve; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001798:Blood Proteins; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D037502:Galectin 3 / Q000097:blood*; D037161:Galectins; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013318:Stroke Volume; D015854:Up-Regulation; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001798:Blood Proteins; D003287:Contrast Media; D037502:Galectin 3; D037161:Galectins; C428445:LGALS3 protein, human
keywords: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance; Dilated cardiomyopathy; Galectin-3; Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; Late gadolinium enhancement; Major adverse cardiac events; Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy; Prognosis