title: Diversion of prescription stimulants among college students: An initial investigation of injunctive norms.
abstract: Nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NMUPS) is an increasing problem among the college student population. Despite recent increases in stimulant prescriptions, little research has examined diversion of prescription stimulants among college students. The purpose of the current exploratory study was to compare normative beliefs about the frequency and motives of NMUPS among a college student sample. Participants were 121 college students who reported having a current prescription for a prescription stimulant. Participants completed online surveys and reported occasions of diversion behavior along with ratings of perceived approval for NMUPS and associated motives. Participants with a history of diversion were more likely to rate their close friends as more approving of more frequent NMUPS, and more approving of various motives for NMUPS. Perceived approval of NMUPS and NMUPS motives among parents and typical university students was similar across diversion groups, with parents and university students being rated as more approving of NMUPS for educational purposes. These findings extend the use of social norms theory to a new behavior while adding to our understanding how those who divert their medication differ from those who do not. Future studies should seek to establish a causal relationship between perceived approval for NMUPS and diversion behaviors. These findings also suggest that future research should focus on the feasibility and impact of social norms intervention for NMUPS and medication diversion.
authors: Department of Psychology, 226 Thach Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States. Electronic address: nrs0011@auburn.edu.
authors: Nicole R
authors: NR
authors: Schultz
authors: Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System/Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States. Electronic address: Mark.Silvestri@va.gov.
authors: Mark M
authors: MM
authors: Silvestri
authors: Department of Psychology, 226 Thach Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States. Electronic address: correcj@auburn.edu.
authors: Christopher J
authors: CJ
authors: Correia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D063487:Prescription Drug Misuse / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D066262:Social Norms; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants
keywords: College students; Diversion; Motives; Prescription; Social norms; Stimulant