title: Endovascular treatment of head and neck arteriovenous malformations: long-term angiographic and quality of life results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the long-term angiographic and subjective results of patients with head and neck arteriovenous malformations (HNAVMs) after endovascular treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed the medical files of 14 patients with HNAVM who were treated between 2000 and 2014. The treatment of choice was a transarterial superselective microcatheter-based approach followed by embolization using liquid embolic agents. The patients were asked to answer a quality of life questionnaire about the following symptoms before and after treatment: pain, functional impairment, cosmetic deformity, impairment in daily life, and bleeding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete or >90% closure of the AVM was achieved in 6 of 14 patients (43%). >50% shunt reduction was achieved in 10 patients (71%). Three complications were encountered in a total of 86 interventional procedures. Six patients presented with bleeding which was cured in all cases (100%). Four of the 14 patients (29%) specified pain which was resolved in two of them. Another six patients (43%) presented with functional impairment; four were cured and two noted an improvement. All 14 patients presented with cosmetic concerns; four were cured and eight experienced a clearly visible improvement. Nine of 13 patients (69%) presented with impairment in daily life which was resolved in five patients and four reported an improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endovascular embolization is a well-tolerated therapy for HNAVM with a low complication rate. Good angiographic results, positive subjective results, and improvement in different aspects of quality of life can be achieved.
authors: Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Klinikum Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany.|Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
authors: Dan
authors: D
authors: Meila
authors: Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Klinikum Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany.
authors: Dominik
authors: D
authors: Grieb
authors: Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Klinikum Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany.
authors: Bjoern
authors: B
authors: Greling
authors: Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Klinikum Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany.
authors: Katharina
authors: K
authors: Melber
authors: Department of Orthodontics, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors: Collin
authors: C
authors: Jacobs
authors: Department of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors: Marlene
authors: M
authors: Hechtner
authors: Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Klinikum Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Schmitz
authors: Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Klinikum Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany.
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Schlunz-Hendann
authors: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
authors: Heinrich
authors: H
authors: Lanfermann
authors: Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Klinikum Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany.
authors: Friedhelm
authors: F
authors: Brassel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000639:trends*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Arteriovenous Malformation; Congenital; Embolic; Face; Vascular Malformation