title: Clinical Aspects of Type 3 Long-QT Syndrome: An International Multicenter Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Risk stratification in patients with type 3 long-QT syndrome (LQT3) by clinical and genetic characteristics and effectiveness of β-blocker therapy has not been studied previously in a large LQT3 population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population included 406 LQT3 patients with 51 sodium channel mutations; 391 patients were known to be event free during the first year of life and were the focus of our study. Clinical, electrocardiographic, and genetic parameters were acquired for patients from 7 participating LQT3 registries. Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent contribution of clinical, genetic, and therapeutic factors to the first occurrence of time-dependent cardiac events (CEs) from age 1 to 41 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 391 patients, 118 (41 males, 77 females) patients (30%) experienced at least 1 CE (syncope, aborted cardiac arrest, or long-QT syndrome-related sudden death), and 24 (20%) suffered from LQT3-related aborted cardiac arrest/sudden death. The risk of a first CE was directly related to the degree of QTc prolongation. Cox regression analysis revealed that time-dependent β-blocker therapy was associated with an 83% reduction in CEs in females (P=0.015) but not in males (who had many fewer events), with a significant sex × β-blocker interaction (P=0.04). Each 10-ms increase in QTc duration up to 500 ms was associated with a 19% increase in CEs. Prior syncope doubled the risk for life-threatening events (P<0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prolonged QTc and syncope predispose patients with LQT3 to life-threatening CEs. However, β-blocker therapy reduces this risk in females; efficacy in males could not be determined conclusively because of the low number of events.
authors: From AMC Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W., C.R.B.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (N.H., M.A.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine (A.J.M., C.L., W.Z., I.G., J.L.R., M.L.A., S.M., B.P.), the Department of Biostatistics (D.R.P.), and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (E.S.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.); Department of Cardiology Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (J.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.A.T.); IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy (C.P. L.C., P.J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.K.K.); Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (D.J.T., M.J.A.); Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (W.S.) and Department of Preventive Cardiology (Y.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy (L.C.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (L.C., P.J.S.). a.a.wilde@amc.nl.
authors: Arthur A M
authors: AA
authors: Wilde
authors: From AMC Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W., C.R.B.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (N.H., M.A.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine (A.J.M., C.L., W.Z., I.G., J.L.R., M.L.A., S.M., B.P.), the Department of Biostatistics (D.R.P.), and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (E.S.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.); Department of Cardiology Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (J.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.A.T.); IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy (C.P. L.C., P.J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.K.K.); Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (D.J.T., M.J.A.); Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (W.S.) and Department of Preventive Cardiology (Y.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy (L.C.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (L.C., P.J.S.).
authors: Arthur J
authors: AJ
authors: Moss
authors: From AMC Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W., C.R.B.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (N.H., M.A.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine (A.J.M., C.L., W.Z., I.G., J.L.R., M.L.A., S.M., B.P.), the Department of Biostatistics (D.R.P.), and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (E.S.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.); Department of Cardiology Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (J.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.A.T.); IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy (C.P. L.C., P.J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.K.K.); Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (D.J.T., M.J.A.); Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (W.S.) and Department of Preventive Cardiology (Y.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy (L.C.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (L.C., P.J.S.).
authors: Elizabeth S
authors: ES
authors: Kaufman
authors: From AMC Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W., C.R.B.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (N.H., M.A.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine (A.J.M., C.L., W.Z., I.G., J.L.R., M.L.A., S.M., B.P.), the Department of Biostatistics (D.R.P.), and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (E.S.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.); Department of Cardiology Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (J.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.A.T.); IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy (C.P. L.C., P.J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.K.K.); Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (D.J.T., M.J.A.); Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (W.S.) and Department of Preventive Cardiology (Y.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy (L.C.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (L.C., P.J.S.).
authors: Wataru
authors: W
authors: Shimizu
authors: From AMC Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W., C.R.B.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (N.H., M.A.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine (A.J.M., C.L., W.Z., I.G., J.L.R., M.L.A., S.M., B.P.), the Department of Biostatistics (D.R.P.), and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (E.S.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.); Department of Cardiology Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (J.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.A.T.); IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy (C.P. L.C., P.J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.K.K.); Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (D.J.T., M.J.A.); Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (W.S.) and Department of Preventive Cardiology (Y.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy (L.C.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (L.C., P.J.S.).
authors: Derick R
authors: DR
authors: Peterson
authors: From AMC Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W., C.R.B.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (N.H., M.A.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine (A.J.M., C.L., W.Z., I.G., J.L.R., M.L.A., S.M., B.P.), the Department of Biostatistics (D.R.P.), and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (E.S.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.); Department of Cardiology Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (J.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.A.T.); IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy (C.P. L.C., P.J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.K.K.); Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (D.J.T., M.J.A.); Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (W.S.) and Department of Preventive Cardiology (Y.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy (L.C.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (L.C., P.J.S.).
authors: Jesaia
authors: J
authors: Benhorin
authors: From AMC Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W., C.R.B.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (N.H., M.A.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine (A.J.M., C.L., W.Z., I.G., J.L.R., M.L.A., S.M., B.P.), the Department of Biostatistics (D.R.P.), and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (E.S.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.); Department of Cardiology Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (J.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.A.T.); IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy (C.P. L.C., P.J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.K.K.); Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (D.J.T., M.J.A.); Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (W.S.) and Department of Preventive Cardiology (Y.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy (L.C.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (L.C., P.J.S.).
authors: Coeli
authors: C
authors: Lopes
authors: From AMC Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W., C.R.B.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (N.H., M.A.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine (A.J.M., C.L., W.Z., I.G., J.L.R., M.L.A., S.M., B.P.), the Department of Biostatistics (D.R.P.), and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (E.S.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.); Department of Cardiology Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (J.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.A.T.); IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy (C.P. L.C., P.J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.K.K.); Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (D.J.T., M.J.A.); Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (W.S.) and Department of Preventive Cardiology (Y.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy (L.C.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (L.C., P.J.S.).
authors: Jeffrey A
authors: JA
authors: Towbin
authors: From AMC Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W., C.R.B.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (N.H., M.A.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine (A.J.M., C.L., W.Z., I.G., J.L.R., M.L.A., S.M., B.P.), the Department of Biostatistics (D.R.P.), and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (E.S.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.); Department of Cardiology Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (J.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.A.T.); IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy (C.P. L.C., P.J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.K.K.); Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (D.J.T., M.J.A.); Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (W.S.) and Department of Preventive Cardiology (Y.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy (L.C.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (L.C., P.J.S.).
authors: Carla
authors: C
authors: Spazzolini
authors: From AMC Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W., C.R.B.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (N.H., M.A.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine (A.J.M., C.L., W.Z., I.G., J.L.R., M.L.A., S.M., B.P.), the Department of Biostatistics (D.R.P.), and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (E.S.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.); Department of Cardiology Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (J.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.A.T.); IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy (C.P. L.C., P.J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.K.K.); Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (D.J.T., M.J.A.); Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (W.S.) and Department of Preventive Cardiology (Y.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy (L.C.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (L.C., P.J.S.).
authors: Lia
authors: L
authors: Crotti
authors: From AMC Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W., C.R.B.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (N.H., M.A.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine (A.J.M., C.L., W.Z., I.G., J.L.R., M.L.A., S.M., B.P.), the Department of Biostatistics (D.R.P.), and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (E.S.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.); Department of Cardiology Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (J.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.A.T.); IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy (C.P. L.C., P.J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.K.K.); Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (D.J.T., M.J.A.); Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (W.S.) and Department of Preventive Cardiology (Y.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy (L.C.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (L.C., P.J.S.).
authors: Wojciech
authors: W
authors: Zareba
authors: From AMC Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W., C.R.B.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (N.H., M.A.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine (A.J.M., C.L., W.Z., I.G., J.L.R., M.L.A., S.M., B.P.), the Department of Biostatistics (D.R.P.), and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (E.S.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.); Department of Cardiology Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (J.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.A.T.); IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy (C.P. L.C., P.J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.K.K.); Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (D.J.T., M.J.A.); Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (W.S.) and Department of Preventive Cardiology (Y.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy (L.C.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (L.C., P.J.S.).
authors: Ilan
authors: I
authors: Goldenberg
authors: From AMC Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W., C.R.B.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (N.H., M.A.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine (A.J.M., C.L., W.Z., I.G., J.L.R., M.L.A., S.M., B.P.), the Department of Biostatistics (D.R.P.), and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (E.S.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.); Department of Cardiology Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (J.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.A.T.); IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy (C.P. L.C., P.J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.K.K.); Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (D.J.T., M.J.A.); Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (W.S.) and Department of Preventive Cardiology (Y.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy (L.C.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (L.C., P.J.S.).
authors: Jørgen K
authors: JK
authors: Kanters
authors: From AMC Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W., C.R.B.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (N.H., M.A.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine (A.J.M., C.L., W.Z., I.G., J.L.R., M.L.A., S.M., B.P.), the Department of Biostatistics (D.R.P.), and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (E.S.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.); Department of Cardiology Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (J.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.A.T.); IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy (C.P. L.C., P.J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.K.K.); Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (D.J.T., M.J.A.); Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (W.S.) and Department of Preventive Cardiology (Y.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy (L.C.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (L.C., P.J.S.).
authors: Jennifer L
authors: JL
authors: Robinson
authors: From AMC Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W., C.R.B.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (N.H., M.A.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine (A.J.M., C.L., W.Z., I.G., J.L.R., M.L.A., S.M., B.P.), the Department of Biostatistics (D.R.P.), and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (E.S.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.); Department of Cardiology Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (J.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.A.T.); IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy (C.P. L.C., P.J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.K.K.); Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (D.J.T., M.J.A.); Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (W.S.) and Department of Preventive Cardiology (Y.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy (L.C.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (L.C., P.J.S.).
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Qi
authors: From AMC Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W., C.R.B.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (N.H., M.A.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine (A.J.M., C.L., W.Z., I.G., J.L.R., M.L.A., S.M., B.P.), the Department of Biostatistics (D.R.P.), and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (E.S.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.); Department of Cardiology Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (J.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.A.T.); IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy (C.P. L.C., P.J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.K.K.); Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (D.J.T., M.J.A.); Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (W.S.) and Department of Preventive Cardiology (Y.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy (L.C.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (L.C., P.J.S.).
authors: Nynke
authors: N
authors: Hofman
authors: From AMC Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W., C.R.B.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (N.H., M.A.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine (A.J.M., C.L., W.Z., I.G., J.L.R., M.L.A., S.M., B.P.), the Department of Biostatistics (D.R.P.), and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (E.S.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.); Department of Cardiology Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (J.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.A.T.); IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy (C.P. L.C., P.J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.K.K.); Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (D.J.T., M.J.A.); Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (W.S.) and Department of Preventive Cardiology (Y.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy (L.C.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (L.C., P.J.S.).
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Tester
authors: From AMC Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W., C.R.B.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (N.H., M.A.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine (A.J.M., C.L., W.Z., I.G., J.L.R., M.L.A., S.M., B.P.), the Department of Biostatistics (D.R.P.), and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (E.S.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.); Department of Cardiology Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (J.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.A.T.); IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy (C.P. L.C., P.J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.K.K.); Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (D.J.T., M.J.A.); Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (W.S.) and Department of Preventive Cardiology (Y.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy (L.C.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (L.C., P.J.S.).
authors: Connie R
authors: CR
authors: Bezzina
authors: From AMC Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W., C.R.B.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (N.H., M.A.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine (A.J.M., C.L., W.Z., I.G., J.L.R., M.L.A., S.M., B.P.), the Department of Biostatistics (D.R.P.), and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (E.S.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.); Department of Cardiology Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (J.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.A.T.); IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy (C.P. L.C., P.J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.K.K.); Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (D.J.T., M.J.A.); Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (W.S.) and Department of Preventive Cardiology (Y.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy (L.C.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (L.C., P.J.S.).
authors: Marielle
authors: M
authors: Alders
authors: From AMC Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W., C.R.B.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (N.H., M.A.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine (A.J.M., C.L., W.Z., I.G., J.L.R., M.L.A., S.M., B.P.), the Department of Biostatistics (D.R.P.), and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (E.S.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.); Department of Cardiology Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (J.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.A.T.); IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy (C.P. L.C., P.J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.K.K.); Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (D.J.T., M.J.A.); Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (W.S.) and Department of Preventive Cardiology (Y.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy (L.C.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (L.C., P.J.S.).
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Aiba
authors: From AMC Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W., C.R.B.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (N.H., M.A.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine (A.J.M., C.L., W.Z., I.G., J.L.R., M.L.A., S.M., B.P.), the Department of Biostatistics (D.R.P.), and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (E.S.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.); Department of Cardiology Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (J.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.A.T.); IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy (C.P. L.C., P.J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.K.K.); Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (D.J.T., M.J.A.); Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (W.S.) and Department of Preventive Cardiology (Y.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy (L.C.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (L.C., P.J.S.).
authors: Shiro
authors: S
authors: Kamakura
authors: From AMC Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W., C.R.B.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (N.H., M.A.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine (A.J.M., C.L., W.Z., I.G., J.L.R., M.L.A., S.M., B.P.), the Department of Biostatistics (D.R.P.), and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (E.S.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.); Department of Cardiology Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (J.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.A.T.); IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy (C.P. L.C., P.J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.K.K.); Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (D.J.T., M.J.A.); Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (W.S.) and Department of Preventive Cardiology (Y.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy (L.C.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (L.C., P.J.S.).
authors: Yoshihiro
authors: Y
authors: Miyamoto
authors: From AMC Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W., C.R.B.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (N.H., M.A.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine (A.J.M., C.L., W.Z., I.G., J.L.R., M.L.A., S.M., B.P.), the Department of Biostatistics (D.R.P.), and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (E.S.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.); Department of Cardiology Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (J.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.A.T.); IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy (C.P. L.C., P.J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.K.K.); Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (D.J.T., M.J.A.); Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (W.S.) and Department of Preventive Cardiology (Y.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy (L.C.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (L.C., P.J.S.).
authors: Mark L
authors: ML
authors: Andrews
authors: From AMC Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W., C.R.B.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (N.H., M.A.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine (A.J.M., C.L., W.Z., I.G., J.L.R., M.L.A., S.M., B.P.), the Department of Biostatistics (D.R.P.), and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (E.S.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.); Department of Cardiology Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (J.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.A.T.); IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy (C.P. L.C., P.J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.K.K.); Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (D.J.T., M.J.A.); Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (W.S.) and Department of Preventive Cardiology (Y.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy (L.C.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (L.C., P.J.S.).
authors: Scott
authors: S
authors: McNitt
authors: From AMC Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W., C.R.B.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (N.H., M.A.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine (A.J.M., C.L., W.Z., I.G., J.L.R., M.L.A., S.M., B.P.), the Department of Biostatistics (D.R.P.), and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (E.S.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.); Department of Cardiology Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (J.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.A.T.); IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy (C.P. L.C., P.J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.K.K.); Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (D.J.T., M.J.A.); Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (W.S.) and Department of Preventive Cardiology (Y.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy (L.C.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (L.C., P.J.S.).
authors: Bronislava
authors: B
authors: Polonsky
authors: From AMC Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W., C.R.B.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (N.H., M.A.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine (A.J.M., C.L., W.Z., I.G., J.L.R., M.L.A., S.M., B.P.), the Department of Biostatistics (D.R.P.), and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (E.S.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.); Department of Cardiology Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (J.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.A.T.); IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy (C.P. L.C., P.J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.K.K.); Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (D.J.T., M.J.A.); Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (W.S.) and Department of Preventive Cardiology (Y.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy (L.C.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (L.C., P.J.S.).
authors: Peter J
authors: PJ
authors: Schwartz
authors: From AMC Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W., C.R.B.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (N.H., M.A.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine (A.J.M., C.L., W.Z., I.G., J.L.R., M.L.A., S.M., B.P.), the Department of Biostatistics (D.R.P.), and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (E.S.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.); Department of Cardiology Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (J.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.A.T.); IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy (C.P. L.C., P.J.S.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.K.K.); Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (D.J.T., M.J.A.); Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (W.S.) and Department of Preventive Cardiology (Y.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy (L.C.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (L.C., P.J.S.).
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Ackerman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000075224:Cardiac Conduction System Disease; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008133:Long QT Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000235:genetics; D013575:Syncope / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D015222:Sodium Channels
keywords: SCN5A protein, human; arrhythmia, cardiac; death, sudden, cardiac; genetic testing; long-QT syndrome; risk assessment