title: High-resolution phylogeography of zoonotic tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto genotype G1 with an emphasis on its distribution in Turkey, Italy and Spain.
abstract: Echinococcus granulosus is the causative agent of cystic echinococcosis. The disease is a significant global public health concern and human infections are most commonly associated with E. granulosus sensu stricto (s. s.) genotype G1. The objectives of this study were to: (i) analyse the genetic variation and phylogeography of E. granulosus s. s. G1 in part of its main distribution range in Europe using 8274 bp of mtDNA; (ii) compare the results with those derived from previously used shorter mtDNA sequences and highlight the major differences. We sequenced a total of 91 E. granulosus s. s. G1 isolates from six different intermediate host species, including humans. The isolates originated from seven countries representing primarily Turkey, Italy and Spain. Few samples were also from Albania, Greece, Romania and from a patient originating from Algeria, but diagnosed in Finland. The analysed 91 sequences were divided into 83 haplotypes, revealing complex phylogeography and high genetic variation of E. granulosus s. s. G1 in Europe, particularly in the high-diversity domestication centre of western Asia. Comparisons with shorter mtDNA datasets revealed that 8274 bp sequences provided significantly higher phylogenetic resolution and thus more power to reveal the genetic relations between different haplotypes.
authors: Department of Zoology,Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences,University of Tartu,Vanemuise 46,50410 Tartu,Estonia.
authors: Liina
authors: L
authors: Kinkar
authors: Department of Zoology,Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences,University of Tartu,Vanemuise 46,50410 Tartu,Estonia.
authors: Teivi
authors: T
authors: Laurimäe
authors: Department of Parasitology,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,University of Firat,23119, Elazig,Turkey.
authors: Sami
authors: S
authors: Simsek
authors: Department of Parasitology,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,University of Atatürk,Erzurum,Turkey.
authors: Ibrahim
authors: I
authors: Balkaya
authors: European Reference Laboratory for Parasites,Department of Infectious Diseases,Intituto Superiore di Sanità,viale Regina Elena 299,00161 Rome,Italy.
authors: Adriano
authors: A
authors: Casulli
authors: Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health,University of Milan via Celoria 10,20133 Milano,Italy.
authors: Maria Teresa
authors: MT
authors: Manfredi
authors: Departamento de Parasitología,Facultad de Farmacia,Universidad Complutense de Madrid,Plaza Ramóny Cajal s/n,28040 Madrid,Spain.
authors: Francisco
authors: F
authors: Ponce-Gordo
authors: Laboratorio di Parassitologia,Ospedale Didattico Veterinario,Università degli Studi di Sassari,Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari,Italy.
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Varcasia
authors: Department of Bacteriology and Immunology/Immunobiology Program,Faculty of Medicine,University of Helsinki,P.O. Box 21, FIN-00014,Finland.
authors: Antti
authors: A
authors: Lavikainen
authors: Centro Nacional de Microbiologia,Instituto de Salud Carlos III,Majadahonda,28220 Madrid,Spain.
authors: Luis Miguel
authors: LM
authors: González
authors: Merial GmbH, Kathrinenhof Research Center,Walchenseestr. 8-12,83101 Rohrdorf,Germany.
authors: Steffen
authors: S
authors: Rehbein
authors: National Institute of Public Health and Environment (RIVM),Center for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology,Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9,P.O. Box 1,3720 BA Bilthoven,The Netherlands.
authors: Joke
authors: J
authors: VAN DER Giessen
authors: National Institute of Public Health and Environment (RIVM),Center for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology,Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9,P.O. Box 1,3720 BA Bilthoven,The Netherlands.
authors: Hein
authors: H
authors: Sprong
authors: Department of Zoology,Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences,University of Tartu,Vanemuise 46,50410 Tartu,Estonia.
authors: Urmas
authors: U
authors: Saarma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D018509:DNA, Helminth / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004443:Echinococcosis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary; D048209:Echinococcus granulosus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005060:Europe; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D058974:Phylogeography; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D018509:DNA, Helminth; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial
keywords: cystic echinococcosis; high genetic variability; hydatid disease; mitochondrial genome; mtDNA; sheep domestication; zoonosis; zoonotic pathogens