title: Micronutrient intake, from diet and supplements, and association with status markers in pre- and post-RYGB patients.
abstract: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is associated with an increased risk for micronutrient deficiencies. This study aimed to assess total (dietary and supplement) intake and association with iron (including hepcidin), vitamin B12, vitamin C and zinc status markers before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).
  
  
  
  This prospective study included patients with a planned RYGB in University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; who were followed until 12 months post-RYGB. Patients completed an estimated dietary record of two non-consecutive days before and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months post-RYGB and supplement/drug use was registered. Associations between total micronutrient intake and status markers were analyzed.
  
  
  
  Fifty-four patients (21 males; mean age: 48.0 [95%CI 46.6; 49.3] years; mean preoperative BMI: 40.4 [95%CI 39.4; 41.4] kg/m2) were included. One month post-RYGB, usual dietary intake of the studied micronutrients was significantly decreased compared to pre-RYGB, but gradually increased until 12 months post-RYGB, remaining below baseline values. By including micronutrient supplement intake, 12 months post-RYGB values were higher than baseline, except for zinc. Hemoglobin, ferritin, vitamin B12and C-reactive protein serum concentrations were significantly decreased and transferrin saturation and mean corpuscular volume were significantly increased 12 months post-RYGB. Serum hepcidin concentration was significantly decreased 6 months post-RYGB.
  
  
  
  Medical nutritional therapy is essential following RYGB as dietary intake of iron, vitamin B12, vitamin C, copper and zinc was markedly decreased postoperatively and some patients still had an inadequate total intake one year post-RYGB.
authors: KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology and University Hospitals Leuven/KU Leuven, Department of Endocrinology, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: ina.gesquiere@kuleuven.be.
authors: Ina
authors: I
authors: Gesquiere
authors: KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Veerle
authors: V
authors: Foulon
authors: KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Augustijns
authors: KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Ann
authors: A
authors: Gils
authors: KU Leuven, Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology and University Hospitals Leuven/KU Leuven, Department of Endocrinology, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven/KU Leuven, Department of Abdominal Surgery, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Lannoo
authors: KU Leuven, Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology and University Hospitals Leuven/KU Leuven, Department of Endocrinology, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Bart
authors: B
authors: Van der Schueren
authors: KU Leuven, Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology and University Hospitals Leuven/KU Leuven, Department of Endocrinology, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Christophe
authors: C
authors: Matthys
mesh_terms: D001530:Belgium / Q000453:epidemiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D003677:Deficiency Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015930:Diet Records; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015390:Gastric Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000172:deficiency / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018977:Micronutrients
keywords: Bariatric surgery; Dietary intake; Iron; Micronutrient status; Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; Supplement use