title: Comparison of crash rates and rear-end striking crashes among novice teens and experienced adults using the SHRP2 Naturalistic Driving Study.
abstract: Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for teens. Previous teen and adult crash rates have been based upon fatal crashes, police-reported crashes, and estimated miles driven. Large-scale naturalistic driving studies offer the opportunity to compute crash rates using a reliable methodology to capture crashes and driving exposure. The Strategic Highway Research Program 2 (SHRP2) Naturalistic Driving Study contains extensive real-world data on teen and adult driving. This article presents findings on the crash rates of novice teen and experienced adult drivers in naturalistic crashes.
  
  
  
  A subset from the SHRP2 database consisting of 539 crash events for novice teens (16-19 years, n = 549) and experienced adults (35-54 years, n = 591) was used. Onboard instrumentation such as scene cameras, accelerometers, and Global Positioning System logged time series data at 10 Hz. Scene videos were reviewed for all events to identify rear-end striking crashes. Dynamic variables such as acceleration and velocity were analyzed for rear-end striking events. Number of crashes, crash rates, rear-end striking crash severity, and rear-end striking impact velocity were compared between novice teens and experienced adults.
  
  
  
  Video review of the SHRP2 crashes identified significantly more crashes (P < 0.01) and rear-end striking crashes (P < 0.01) among the teen group than among the adult group. This yielded crash rates of 30.0 crashes per million miles driven for novice teens compared to 5.3 crashes per million miles driven for experienced adults. The crash rate ratio for teens vs. adults was 5.7. The rear-end striking crash rate was 13.5 and 1.8 per million miles driven for novice teens and experienced adults, respectively. The rear-end striking crash rate ratio for teens vs. adults was 7.5. The rear-end striking crash severity measured by the accelerometers was greater (P < 0.05) for the teen group (1.8 ± 0.9 g; median = 1.6 g) than for the adult group (1.1 ± 0.4 g; median = 1.0 g), suggesting that teen crashes tend to be more serious than adult crashes. Increased rear-end striking impact velocity (P < 0.01) was also observed for novice teens (18.8 ± 13.2 mph; median = 18.9 mph) compared to experienced adults (3.3 ± 1.2 mph; median = 2.8 mph).
  
  
  
  To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare crash rates between teens and adults using a large-scale naturalistic driving database. Unlike previous crash rates, the reported rates reliably control for crash type and driving exposure. These results conform to previous findings that novice teens exhibit increased crash rates compared to experienced adults.
authors: a Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Seacrist
authors: a Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania.
authors: Aditya
authors: A
authors: Belwadi
authors: b Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania.
authors: Abhiti
authors: A
authors: Prabahar
authors: c Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Drexel University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania.
authors: Samuel
authors: S
authors: Chamberlain
authors: d Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics , Drexel University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania.
authors: James
authors: J
authors: Megariotis
authors: a Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania.
authors: Helen
authors: H
authors: Loeb
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D014743:Videotape Recording; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Naturalistic driving; SHRP2; crash rate; crash severity; novice teens; rear-end striking