title: Surgical wound infection in urology. Analysis of risk factors and associated microorganisms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Open surgery continues to have a fundamental role in urology, and one of its main complications is surgical wound infection. Our objective was to analyse surgical wound infection in patients who underwent surgery in our Department of Urology and to assess the risk factors, microorganisms and resistances by type of surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective observational study that included 940 patients: 370 abdominal/open lumbar surgeries and 570 genitoperineal surgeries. We analysed age, sex, comorbidities, stay and type of surgery, as well as the causal microorganisms and antibiotic resistances.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For genitoperineal surgery, we found 15 cases (2.6%) of surgical wound infection associated with previous urinary catheterisation. Most of the isolated microorganisms corresponded to enterobacteriaceae, highlighting the resistance to beta-lactam. In abdominal/lumbar surgery, we found 41 cases (11.1%) of surgical wound infection. The incidence rate was 3.3% in prostate surgery; 9.8% in renal surgery; and 45.0% in cystectomy. Heart disease was associated with a higher incidence rate of surgical wound infection. The most common microorganisms were Enterococcus spp. (27.1%), E.coli (22.9%) and Staphylococcus aureus (14.6%). Enterococcus and beta-lactamase-producing E.coli are resistant to ampicillin in 37.5% and 41.7% of cases, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found a low incidence rate of surgical wound infection in genitoperineal surgery, compared with renal surgery and cystectomy. The presence of heart disease and carrying a previous urinary catheter are factors associated with surgical wound infection. Enterococcus and E.coli are the most common pathogens, with high rates of resistance.
authors: Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Alonso-Isa
authors: Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España. Electronic address: josemedinapolo@movistar.es.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Medina-Polo
authors: Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Lara-Isla
authors: Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Pérez-Cadavid
authors: Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Arrébola-Pajares
authors: Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Sopeña-Sutil
authors: Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Benítez-Sala
authors: Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Justo-Quintas
authors: Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Gil-Moradillo
authors: Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España.
authors: J B
authors: JB
authors: Passas-Martínez
authors: Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Tejido-Sánchez
mesh_terms: D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures
keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Cirugía urológica; Factores de riesgo; Healthcare-associated infections; Infecciones relacionadas con la asistencia sanitaria; Infección de la herida quirúrgica; Resistencia a antibióticos; Risk factors; Surgical wound infection; Urological surgery