title: Activity-Regulated Cytoskeleton-Associated Protein Accumulates in the Nucleus in Response to Cocaine and Acts as a Brake on Chromatin Remodeling and Long-Term Behavioral Alterations.
abstract: Addiction relies on persistent alterations of neuronal properties, which depends on gene regulation. Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) is an immediate early gene that modulates neuronal plasticity underlying learning and memory. Its role in cocaine-induced neuronal and behavioral adaptations remains elusive.
  
  
  
  Acute cocaine-treated mice were used for quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, immunocytochemistry, and confocal imaging from striatum. Live imaging and transfection assays for Arc overexpression were performed from primary cultures. Molecular and behavioral adaptations to cocaine were studied from Arc-deficient mice and their wild-type littermates.
  
  
  
  Arc messenger RNA and proteins are rapidly induced in the striatum after acute cocaine administration, via an extracellular-signal regulated kinase-dependent de novo protein synthesis. Although detected in dendrites, Arc accumulates in the nucleus in active zones of transcription, where it colocalizes with phospho-Ser10-histone H3, an important component of nucleosomal response. In vitro, Arc overexpression downregulates phospho-Ser10-histone H3 without modifying extracellular-signal regulated kinase phosphorylation in the nucleus. In vivo, Arc-deficient mice display decreased heterochromatin domains, a high RNA-polymerase II activity and enhanced c-Fos expression. These mice presented an exacerbated psychomotor sensitization and conditioned place preference induced by low doses of cocaine.
  
  
  
  Cocaine induces the rapid induction of Arc and its nuclear accumulation in striatal neurons. Locally, it alters the nucleosomal response, and acts as a brake on chromatin remodeling and gene regulation. These original observations posit Arc as a major homeostatic modulator of molecular and behavioral responses to cocaine. Thus, modulating Arc levels may provide promising therapeutic approaches in drug addiction.
authors: INSERM, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine; Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France.
authors: Marine
authors: M
authors: Salery
authors: INSERM, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine; Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France.
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Dos Santos
authors: INSERM, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine; Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France.
authors: Estefani
authors: E
authors: Saint-Jour
authors: INSERM, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine; Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France.
authors: Lara
authors: L
authors: Moumné
authors: INSERM, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine; Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France.
authors: Christiane
authors: C
authors: Pagès
authors: INSERM, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine; Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France.
authors: Vincent
authors: V
authors: Kappès
authors: INSERM, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine; Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France.
authors: Sébastien
authors: S
authors: Parnaudeau
authors: INSERM, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine; Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France.
authors: Jocelyne
authors: J
authors: Caboche
authors: INSERM, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine; Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France. Electronic address: peter.vanhoutte@upmc.fr.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Vanhoutte
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D003042:Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000187:drug effects; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger
chemical_list: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D006657:Histones; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C092069:activity regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein; D003042:Cocaine
keywords: Addiction; Arc; Cocaine; ERK; Extracellular-signal regulated kinase; Signaling; Striatum