title: Brain trauma and autophagy: What flies and mice can teach us about conserved responses.
abstract: Drosophila models have been successfully used to identify many genetic components that affect neurodegenerative disorders. Recently, there has been a growing interest in identifying innate and environmental factors that influence the individual outcomes following traumatic brain injury (TBI). This includes both severe TBI and more subtle, mild TBI (mTBI), which is common in people playing contact sports. Autophagy, as a clearance pathway, exerts protective effects in multiple neurological disease models. In a recent publication, we highlighted the development of a novel repetitive mTBI system using Drosophila, which recapitulates several phenotypes associated with trauma in mammalian models. In particular, flies subjected to mTBI exhibit an acute impairment of the macroautophagy/autophagy pathway that is restored 1 wk following traumatic injury exposure. These phenotypes closely resemble temporary autophagy defects observed in a mouse TBI model. Through these studies, we also identified methods to directly assess autophagic responses in the fly nervous system and laid the groundwork for future studies designed to identify genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors that have an impact on TBI outcomes.
authors: a Donald P. Shiley BioScience Center , San Diego State University , San Diego , CA , USA.|b Department of Biology , San Diego State University , San Diego , CA , USA.
authors: Eric P
authors: EP
authors: Ratliff
authors: a Donald P. Shiley BioScience Center , San Diego State University , San Diego , CA , USA.|b Department of Biology , San Diego State University , San Diego , CA , USA.
authors: Ayeh
authors: A
authors: Barekat
authors: c Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, Department of Anesthesiology , University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.
authors: Marta M
authors: MM
authors: Lipinski
authors: a Donald P. Shiley BioScience Center , San Diego State University , San Diego , CA , USA.|b Department of Biology , San Diego State University , San Diego , CA , USA.
authors: Kim D
authors: KD
authors: Finley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D000070642:Brain Injuries, Traumatic / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D015398:Signal Transduction
keywords: Atg8; Drosophila; LC3; Ref(2)P; autophagy; brain trauma; conserved responses; lysosomal defects; mouse; p62