title: Ball Milling Assisted Solvent and Catalyst Free Synthesis of Benzimidazoles and Their Derivatives.
abstract: Benzoic acid and o-phenylenediamine efficiently reacted under the green solvent-free Ball Milling method. Several reaction parameters were investigated such as rotation frequency; milling balls weight and milling time. The optimum reaction condition was milling with 56.6 g weight of balls at 20 Hz frequency for one hour milling time. The study was extended for synthesis of a series of benzimidazol-2-one or benzimidazol-2-thione using different aldehydes; carboxylic acids; urea; thiourea or ammonium thiocyanate with o-phenylenediamine. Moreover; the alkylation of benzimidazolone or benzimidazolthione using ethyl chloroacetate was also studied.
authors: Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Yanbu, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia. taghreed.hussien@yahoo.com.|Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Chemistry Department, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Cairo 11757, Egypt. taghreed.hussien@yahoo.com.
authors: Taghreed H
authors: TH
authors: El-Sayed
authors: Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Yanbu, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia. asmaa_aboelnaga77@yahoo.com.|Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Chemistry Department, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Cairo 11757, Egypt. asmaa_aboelnaga77@yahoo.com.
authors: Asmaa
authors: A
authors: Aboelnaga
authors: Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Yanbu, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia. mhagar@taibahu.edu.sa.|Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21321, Egypt. mhagar@taibahu.edu.sa.
authors: Mohamed
authors: M
authors: Hagar
mesh_terms: D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001562:Benzimidazoles
keywords: Ball Milling; benzimidazoles; combinatorial chemistry; green chemistry; mechanochemistry