title: Genotoxicity evaluation of tannery effluent treated with newly isolated hexavalent chromium reducing Bacillus cereus.
abstract: In this study, the efficiency of free and immobilized cells of newly isolated hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] reducing Bacillus cereus strain Cr1 (accession no. KJ162160) was studied in the treatment of tannery effluent. The analysis of effluents revealed high chemical oxygen demand (COD-1260 mg/L), biological oxygen demand (BOD5-660 mg/L), total dissolved solids (TDS-14000 mg/L), electrical conductivity (EC-21.5 mS/cm) and total chromium (TC-2.4 mg/L). The effluents also showed genotoxic effects to Allium cepa. Treatment of tannery effluent with isolated B. cereus strain led to considerable reduction of pollutant load. The pollutant load reduction was studied with both immobilized and free cells and immobilized cells were more effective in reducing COD (65%), BOD (80%), TDS (67%), EC (65%) and TC (92%) after 48 h. GC-MS analysis of pre and post-treatment tannery effluent samples revealed reduction of organic load after treatment with free and immobilized cells. An improvement in mitotic index and reduction in chromosomal aberrations was also observed in A. cepa grown with post-treatement effluent samples compared to untreated sample. Results demonstrate that both methods of bacterial treatment (free and immobilized) were efficient in reducing the pollutant load of tannery effluent as well as in reducing genotoxic effects, however, treatment with immobilized cells was more effective.
authors: Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India.
authors: Vineeta
authors: V
authors: Kumari
authors: Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226025, India.
authors: Ashutosh
authors: A
authors: Yadav
authors: Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India.
authors: Izharul
authors: I
authors: Haq
authors: Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India.
authors: Sharad
authors: S
authors: Kumar
authors: Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226025, India.
authors: Ram Naresh
authors: RN
authors: Bharagava
authors: Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India.
authors: Sudheer Kumar
authors: SK
authors: Singh
authors: Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India. Electronic address: araj@iitr.res.in.
authors: Abhay
authors: A
authors: Raj
mesh_terms: D001409:Bacillus cereus / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D018914:Cells, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D002857:Chromium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D064347:Microscopy, Electrochemical, Scanning; D019697:Onions / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002857:Chromium; C074702:chromium hexavalent ion
keywords: Allium cepa; Bacillus cereus; Chromosomal aberrations; Cr(VI) reduction; Immobilized cells; Tannery effluent