title: The critical role of phase difference in gamma oscillation within the temporoparietal network for binding visual working memory.
abstract: How does the brain enable us to remember two or more object representations in visual working memory (VWM) without confusing them? This "gluing" process, or feature binding, refers to the ability to join certain features together while keeping them segregated from others. Recent neuroimaging research has reported higher BOLD response in the left temporal and parietal cortex during a binding-VWM task. However, less is known about how the two regions work in synchrony to support such process. In this study, we applied transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) over the left temporal and parietal cortex in gamma and theta frequency, with a phase difference of either 0° (in-phase) or 180° (anti-phase) to account for the different ways through which neural synchronization may occur. We found no facilitatory or inhibitory effect from sham, theta, and in-phase gamma stimulation. Importantly, there was an enhancement effect from anti-phase gamma tACS that was binding-specific, and such effect was only apparent in low-performing individuals who had room for improvement. Together, these results demonstrate that binding-VWM is supported by a temporally-precise oscillatory mechanism within the gamma frequency range, and that the advantageous 180°-apart phase relationship also implies a possible temporal driver-to-receiver time-lag between the temporal and parietal cortex.
authors: Graduate Institute of Humanities in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.|Brain &Consciousness Research Center, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
authors: Philip
authors: P
authors: Tseng
authors: Brain &Consciousness Research Center, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.|Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taiwan.
authors: Yu-Ting
authors: YT
authors: Chang
authors: Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taiwan.
authors: Chi-Fu
authors: CF
authors: Chang
authors: Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taiwan.
authors: Wei-Kuang
authors: WK
authors: Liang
authors: Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taiwan.
authors: Chi-Hung
authors: CH
authors: Juan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D065818:Gamma Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*