title: Diagnosing and assessing pain in neurorehabilitation: from translational research to the clinical setting. Evidence and recommendations from the Italian Consensus Conference on Pain in Neurorehabilitation.
abstract: Pain is very common in neurorehabilitation, where it may be a target for treatment and have a negative effect on rehabilitation procedures and outcomes. Promising preliminary preclinical data support certain therapeutic approaches to pain, but there is a strong need of adequate preclinical models, experimental settings, outcome measures, and biomarkers that are more relevant for pain within the neurorehabilitation field. Data on the diagnosis and assessment of nociceptive and neuropathic pain (NP) are very scanty in neurorehabilitation, but those from other contexts can be adapted and translated to this specific setting. The Italian Consensus Conference on Pain in Neurorehabilitation (ICCPN) has searched and evaluated existing evidence on animal models for the treatment of pain, definition and diagnostic criteria for nociceptive and NP, screening tools and questionnaires, along with diagnostic, clinical and instrumental techniques to distinguish nociceptive from NP and, more generally, to assess pain in the field of neurorehabilitation. The present ICCPN recommendations provide information on the relevance of current preclinical models, and may be helpful in ameliorating pain diagnosis and assessment, which are prerequisites for better application and tailoring of current pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. They may also be useful for future studies aimed at filling the gaps in the current knowledge of these topics.
authors: Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy - stefano.tamburin@univr.it.
authors: Carlo A
authors: CA
authors: Porro
authors: Giorgio
authors: G
authors: Sandrini
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Truini
authors: Valeria
authors: V
authors: Tugnoli
authors: Enrico
authors: E
authors: Alfonsi
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Berliocchi
authors: Carlo
authors: C
authors: Cacciatori
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: LA Cesa
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Magrinelli
authors: Paola
authors: P
authors: Sacerdote
authors: Massimiliano
authors: M
authors: Valeriani
authors: Stefano
authors: S
authors: Tamburin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003245:Consensus Statements as Topic; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D000066530:Neurological Rehabilitation / Q000592:standards*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical / Q000592:standards*