title: Direct Capture of CO2from Ambient Air.
abstract: The increase in the global atmospheric CO2concentration resulting from over a century of combustion of fossil fuels has been associated with significant global climate change. With the global population increase driving continued increases in fossil fuel use, humanity's primary reliance on fossil energy for the next several decades is assured. Traditional modes of carbon capture such as precombustion and postcombustion CO2capture from large point sources can help slow the rate of increase of the atmospheric CO2concentration, but only the direct removal of CO2from the air, or "direct air capture" (DAC), can actually reduce the global atmospheric CO2concentration. The past decade has seen a steep rise in the use of chemical sorbents that are cycled through sorption and desorption cycles for CO2removal from ultradilute gases such as air. This Review provides a historical overview of the field of DAC, along with an exhaustive description of the use of chemical sorbents targeted at this application. Solvents and solid sorbents that interact strongly with CO2are described, including basic solvents, supported amine and ammonium materials, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as the primary classes of chemical sorbents. Hypothetical processes for the deployment of such sorbents are discussed, as well as the limited array of technoeconomic analyses published on DAC. Overall, it is concluded that there are many new materials that could play a role in emerging DAC technologies. However, these materials need to be further investigated and developed with a practical sorbent-air contacting process in mind if society is to make rapid progress in deploying DAC as a means of mitigating climate change.
authors: School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States.|Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, ESCET, Rey Juan Carlos University , C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Eloy S
authors: ES
authors: Sanz-Pérez
authors: School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States.
authors: Christopher R
authors: CR
authors: Murdock
authors: School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States.
authors: Stephanie A
authors: SA
authors: Didas
authors: School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States.
authors: Christopher W
authors: CW
authors: Jones
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000388:Air; D000468:Alkalies / Q000737:chemistry; D000588:Amines / Q000737:chemistry; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D056831:Coordination Complexes / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000468:Alkalies; D000588:Amines; D056831:Coordination Complexes; D002245:Carbon Dioxide