title: 5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-benzaldehyde inhibited LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory mediators through the inactivation of ERK, p38, and NF-κB pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of 5-bromo-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-benzaldehyde (BHMB) on inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells and the associated mechanism of action. BHMB concentration-dependently suppressed protein and mRNA expressions of iNOS and COX-2, thereby inhibiting the production of NO and PGE2 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. BHMB also reduced the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory activity of BHMB, we investigated the effects of BHMB on the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. BHMB suppressed the phosphorylation and degradation of IκB-α and markedly inhibited the nuclear translocation of p65 and p50 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The compound also inhibited the LPS-stimulated phosphorylation of ERK and p38. Taken together, these results illustrated that BHMB suppresses pro-inflammatory mediator and cytokine expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK and p38 and the activation of NF-κB.
authors: Jeju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju 690-140, Republic of Korea.
authors: Kil-Nam
authors: KN
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
authors: Seok-Chun
authors: SC
authors: Ko
authors: Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research & Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea.
authors: Bo-Ram
authors: BR
authors: Ye
authors: Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research & Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea.
authors: Min-Sun
authors: MS
authors: Kim
authors: Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research & Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea.
authors: Junseong
authors: J
authors: Kim
authors: Jeju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju 690-140, Republic of Korea; Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Jeju 699-943, Republic of Korea.
authors: Eun-Yi
authors: EY
authors: Ko
authors: Jeju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju 690-140, Republic of Korea; Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Jeju 699-943, Republic of Korea.
authors: Su-Hyeon
authors: SH
authors: Cho
authors: Jeju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju 690-140, Republic of Korea.
authors: Daekyung
authors: D
authors: Kim
authors: Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research & Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: sjheo@kiost.ac.kr.
authors: Soo-Jin
authors: SJ
authors: Heo
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: wkjung@pknu.ac.kr.
authors: Won-Kyo
authors: WK
authors: Jung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001547:Benzaldehydes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C476935:5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde; D001547:Benzaldehydes; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D015232:Dinoprostone; C032175:benzaldehyde
keywords: 5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-benzaldehyde (BHMB); MAPKs; NF-κB; Proinflammatory; RAW 264.7 cells