title: Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis: A Potential Mimic of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome.
abstract: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by behavioral changes, dyskinesia, and autonomic instability.
  
  
  
  We describe a 14-year-old girl who initially presented with acute behavioral changes and seizures and who over a 2-week period developed high fever, tachycardia, and elevated blood pressures.
  
  
  
  Because she received multiple medications including anticonvulsants and a neuroleptic, our patient was initially diagnosed with neuroleptic malignant syndrome, a disorder characterized by autonomic dysfunction, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, and mental status changes usually caused by the use of a neuroleptic agent. Further investigation, however, revealed the presence of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies and an ovarian teratoma. Symptoms resolved after teratoma resection and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy.
  
  
  
  We propose that anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis can cause a paraneoplastic syndrome mimicking neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
authors: Margaret
authors: M
authors: Rozier
authors: Department of Pediatric Neurology, Granger Medical Clinic, Riverton, Utah.
authors: Denise
authors: D
authors: Morita
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri. Electronic address: Making@slu.edu.
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: King
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D060426:Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009459:Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis; neuroleptic malignant syndrome; ovarian teratoma; paraneoplastic syndrome