title: Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infection in Messalata Central Hospital, Libya.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence of urinary tract infection among patients at Messalata Central Hospital, Libya, to identify the causative bacteria, and to explore their resistance pattern to antimicrobials.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total number of 1153 urine samples were collected from patients, who attended daily to Messalata Central Hospital, Libya, in a study extended for one year. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and isolates typing were done using Phoenix BD (BD diagnostic). Resistance was confirmed manually using agar disk diffusion method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 1153 urine samples tested, 160 (13.9%) samples were positive, from which 17 different, solely Gram negative, uropathogens were identified. Escherichia coli were the most prevalent (55.6%) bacteria, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies pneumoniae (16.3%), Proteus mirabilis (6.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.6%), Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella oxytoca (2.5%, each), Citrobacter koseri and Providencia rettgeri (1.9%, each), Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter aerogenes and Proteus vulgaris (1.3%, each), and Aeromonas caviae, Citrobacter freundii, Cronobacter sakazakii, Enterobacter amnigenus biogroup 2, Pseudomonas putida and Serratia marcescens (0.6%, each). The isolated uropathogens showed increased levels of resistance ranged from 10.5% to 64.5%, with an overall resistance of 28.9%. Amikacin was the most effective antimicrobial followed by Imipenem and Meropenem (0%, 0.6% and 2.5% resistance, respectively); while, Cephalothin and Ampicillin were the least (80.6% and 90.0% resistance, respectively) effective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The obtained results emphasized the emergence of highly resistant bacteria to most of tested antimicrobials and raise the alarm for physicians to change their treatment pattern depending on antimicrobial susceptibility results.
authors: Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Medical Technologies-Messalata, Almergib University, Libya; Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
authors: Mahmoud A
authors: MA
authors: Mohammed
authors: Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Medical Technologies-Messalata, Almergib University, Libya; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: telnour@ut.edu.sa.
authors: Tarig M S
authors: TM
authors: Alnour
authors: Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Medical Technologies-Messalata, Almergib University, Libya.
authors: Osama M
authors: OM
authors: Shakurfo
authors: Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Medical Technologies-Messalata, Almergib University, Libya.
authors: Mariam M
authors: MM
authors: Aburass
keywords: Antimicrobial resistance; Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, (AST); Enterobacteriaceae; Significant bacteriuria; Urinary tract infection (UTI); Uropathogens