title: Multiciliated cell basal bodies align in stereotypical patterns coordinated by the apical cytoskeleton.
abstract: Multiciliated cells (MCCs) promote fluid flow through coordinated ciliary beating, which requires properly organized basal bodies (BBs). Airway MCCs have large numbers of BBs, which are uniformly oriented and, as we show here, align linearly. The mechanism for BB alignment is unexplored. To study this mechanism, we developed a long-term and high-resolution live-imaging system and used it to observe green fluorescent protein-centrin2-labeled BBs in cultured mouse tracheal MCCs. During MCC differentiation, the BB array adopted four stereotypical patterns, from a clustering "floret" pattern to the linear "alignment." This alignment process was correlated with BB orientations, revealed by double immunostaining for BBs and their asymmetrically associated basal feet (BF). The BB alignment was disrupted by disturbing apical microtubules with nocodazole and by a BF-depleting Odf2 mutation. We constructed a theoretical model, which indicated that the apical cytoskeleton, acting like a viscoelastic fluid, provides a self-organizing mechanism in tracheal MCCs to align BBs linearly for mucociliary transport.
authors: Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors: Elisa
authors: E
authors: Herawati
authors: Department of Physics, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan.
authors: Daisuke
authors: 0000-0001-5057-8423
authors: D
authors: Taniguchi
authors: Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
authors: Hatsuho
authors: H
authors: Kanoh
authors: Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors: Kazuhiro
authors: 0000-0002-6229-9816
authors: K
authors: Tateishi
authors: Department of Physics, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan.
authors: Shuji
authors: 0000-0002-3302-3925
authors: S
authors: Ishihara
authors: Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan atsukita@biosci.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors: Sachiko
authors: S
authors: Tsukita
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D064652:Basal Bodies / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D058948:Cell Tracking; D002923:Cilia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008954:Models, Biological; D015739:Nocodazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D058105:Polymerization; D013997:Time Factors; D014054:Tomography; D014132:Trachea / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; C424436:Cetn2 protein, mouse; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D015739:Nocodazole