title: Complete Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for the Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma in a Female Patient with Severe Senile Kyphosis: An Initial Case Report.
abstract: Kyphosis is usually described as the deformity of the spine that results in an abnormally round back. Patients with kyphosis form a challenging group to laparoscopic surgeons because of difficulties in positioning and abdominal approach. The narrow abdomen causes difficulty with trocar insertion and some operative procedures. Here we report the transperitoneal complete laparoscopic nephroureterectomy in a case of kyphosis. An 81-year-old woman underwent this operation for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. We took best care of the positioning and the trocar insertion; we could have accomplished utilizing four ports at semilateral position without any troubles and complications. This procedure is safe and feasible, and not thought to be a contraindication for the patients with senile kyphosis.
authors: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi , Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan .
authors: Hidenori
authors: H
authors: Zakoji
authors: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi , Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan .
authors: Tatsuya
authors: T
authors: Miyamoto
authors: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi , Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan .
authors: Satoru
authors: S
authors: Kira
authors: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi , Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan .
authors: Norifumi
authors: N
authors: Sawada
authors: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi , Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan .
authors: Yuko
authors: Y
authors: Ootake
authors: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi , Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan .
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Shimura
authors: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi , Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan .
authors: Takahiko
authors: T
authors: Mitsui
authors: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi , Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan .
authors: Masayuki
authors: M
authors: Takeda