title: Analyzing negative feedback using a synthetic gene network expressed in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo.
abstract: A complex network of gene interactions controls gene regulation throughout development and the life of the organisms. Insights can be made into these processes by studying the functional interactions (or "motifs") which make up these networks.
  
  
  
  We sought to understand the functionality of one of these network motifs, negative feedback, in a multi-cellular system. This was accomplished using a synthetic network expressed in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo using the yeast proteins Gal4 (a transcriptional activator) and Gal80 (an inhibitor of Gal4 activity). This network is able to produce an attenuation or shuttling phenotype depending on the Gal80/Gal4 ratio. This shuttling behavior was validated by expressing Gal3, which inhibits Gal80, to produce a localized increase in free Gal4 and therefore signaling. Mathematical modeling was used to demonstrate the capacity for negative feedback to produce these varying outputs.
  
  
  
  The capacity of a network motif to exhibit different phenotypes due to minor changes to the network in multi-cellular systems was shown. This work demonstrates the importance of studying network motifs in multi-cellular systems.
authors: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.
authors: Ashley A
authors: AA
authors: Jermusyk
authors: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineers' Way, Charlottesville, USA.
authors: Nicholas P
authors: NP
authors: Murphy
authors: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA. gtreeves@ncsu.edu.
authors: Gregory T
authors: GT
authors: Reeves
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019295:Computational Biology; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000378:metabolism*; D025461:Feedback, Physiological; D015870:Gene Expression; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D008957:Models, Genetic; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
keywords: Canalization; Negative feedback; Shuttling; Synthetic gene networks