title: Redox signaling in cardiovascular pathophysiology: A focus on hydrogen peroxide and vascular smooth muscle cells.
abstract: Oxidative stress represents excessive intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which plays a major role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Besides having a critical impact on the development and progression of vascular pathologies including atherosclerosis and diabetic vasculopathy, oxidative stress also regulates physiological signaling processes. As a cell permeable ROS generated by cellular metabolism involved in intracellular signaling, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exerts tremendous impact on cardiovascular pathophysiology. Under pathological conditions, increased oxidase activities and/or impaired antioxidant systems results in uncontrolled production of ROS. In a pro-oxidant environment, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) undergo phenotypic changes which can lead to the development of vascular dysfunction such as vascular inflammation and calcification. Investigations are ongoing to elucidate the mechanisms for cardiovascular disorders induced by oxidative stress. This review mainly focuses on the role of H2O2in regulating physiological and pathological signals in VSMC.
authors: Department of Pathology, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
authors: Chang Hyun
authors: CH
authors: Byon
authors: Department of Pathology, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
authors: Jack M
authors: JM
authors: Heath
authors: Department of Pathology, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; University of Alabama at Birmingham, and the Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. Electronic address: ybchen@uab.edu.
authors: Yabing
authors: Y
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000378:metabolism; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
keywords: Calcification; Hydrogen peroxide; Oxidative stress; Runx2; Vascular smooth muscle cells