title: Screening determination of pharmaceutical pollutants in different water matrices using dual-channel capillary electrophoresis coupled with contactless conductivity detection.
abstract: In this study, the employment of purpose-made dual-channel compact capillary electrophoresis (CE) instrument with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C(4)D) as a simple and inexpensive solution for screening determination of various pharmaceutical pollutants frequently occurring in surface water and hospital wastewater in Hanoi, Vietnam is reported. Five negatively charged pharmaceutically active compounds, namely ibuprofen, diclofenac, bezafibrate, ketoprofen and mefenamic acid were determined using the first channel whereas three positively charged ones, namely diphenhydramine, metoprolol and atenolol were determined with the second channel of the CE-C(4)D instrument. Two different background electrolytes (BGEs) were used in these two CE channels independently. The best detection limits achieved were in the range of 0.2-0.8mg/L without sample pre-concentration. Enrichment factors up to 200 were obtainable with the inclusion of a solid phase extraction step. Good agreement between results obtained from CE-C(4)D and those with the standard confirmation method (HPLC-DAD) was achieved, with correlation coefficients higher than 0.98.
authors: Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, Nguyen Trai Street 334, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors: Minh Duc
authors: MD
authors: Le
authors: Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, Nguyen Trai Street 334, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors: Hong Anh
authors: HA
authors: Duong
authors: Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, Nguyen Trai Street 334, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors: Manh Huy
authors: MH
authors: Nguyen
authors: Institute of General Organic Chemistry (IQOG), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Calle Juan de la Cierva, 3, Madrid, 28006 Spain.
authors: Jorge
authors: J
authors: Sáiz
authors: Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, Nguyen Trai Street 334, Hanoi, Vietnam. Electronic address: phamhungviet@hus.edu.vn.
authors: Hung Viet
authors: HV
authors: Pham
authors: Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, Nguyen Trai Street 334, Hanoi, Vietnam. Electronic address: maithanhduc83@gmail.com.
authors: Thanh Duc
authors: TD
authors: Mai
mesh_terms: D002947:Cities; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006761:Hospitals; D060106:Lakes / Q000737:chemistry; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D014744:Vietnam; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C(4)D); Capillary electrophoresis (CE); Dual-channel CE; Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs); Water analysis; Water samples