title: In vitro analysis of partially hydrolyzed guar gum fermentation on identified gut microbiota.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prebiotic dietary fibers resist digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract and allow for stimulation of bacteria in the distal intestine and colon. Stimulation of bacteria among different individuals varies greatly, depending on a wide range of variables.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the range of differences in response between individuals, a preclinical in vitro fermentation was conducted with six fecal donors. The primary objective was to compare the fecal microbiota of six individuals at baseline, 12 h and 24 h post-exposure to partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fecal donations were collected from six healthy individuals consuming a non-specific Western diet, free of antibiotic treatments in the past year, not affected by any GI diseases and not consuming any probiotic or prebiotic supplements. Fecal samples were exposed to 0.5 g of PHGG and measured for bacterial changes at 0, 12 and 24 h based on 16S rRNA sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parabacteroides increased from 3.48% of sequence reads to 10.62% of sequence reads after 24 h (p = 0.0181) and Bacteroidetes increased from 45.89% of sequence reads to 50.29% of sequence reads (p = 0.0008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PHGG stimulates growth of Parabacteroides, a genus of bacteria that have been inversely associated with IBS and ulcerative colitis. PHGG provides stimulation of beneficial Bacteroidetes (Bacteroides and Parabacteroides), which may be correlated with many positive health markers and outcomes. PHGG is a prebiotic dietary fiber that is readily fermentable.
authors: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Ave St. Paul, MN 55108, United States.
authors: Justin
authors: J
authors: Carlson
authors: Informatics Institute, University of Minnesota, 101 Pleasant St, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
authors: Trevor
authors: T
authors: Gould
authors: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Ave St. Paul, MN 55108, United States. Electronic address: jslavin@umn.edu.
authors: Joanne
authors: J
authors: Slavin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D041963:Bacteroidetes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D003106:Colon / Q000382:microbiology; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D005685:Galactans / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008297:Male; D008351:Mannans / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008875:Middle Aged; D053149:Plant Gums / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D056692:Prebiotics / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005685:Galactans; D008351:Mannans; D053149:Plant Gums; D056692:Prebiotics; C007894:guar gum
keywords: Fermentation; Microbiome; Microbiota; PHGG; Prebiotic