title: EAU-ESTRO-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer. Part 1: Screening, Diagnosis, and Local Treatment with Curative Intent.
abstract: To present a summary of the 2016 version of the European Association of Urology (EAU) - European Society for Radiotherapy & Oncology (ESTRO) - International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) Guidelines on screening, diagnosis, and local treatment with curative intent of clinically localised prostate cancer (PCa).
  
  
  
  The working panel performed a literature review of the new data (2013-2015). The guidelines were updated and the levels of evidence and/or grades of recommendation were added based on a systematic review of the evidence.
  
  
  
  BRCA2 mutations have been added as risk factors for early and aggressive disease. In addition to the Gleason score, the five-tier 2014 International Society of Urological Pathology grading system should now be provided. Systematic screening is still not recommended. Instead, an individual risk-adapted strategy following a detailed discussion and taking into account the patient's wishes and life expectancy must be considered. An early prostate-specific antigen test, the use of a risk calculator, or one of the promising biomarker tools are being investigated and might be able to limit the overdetection of insignificant PCa. Breaking the link between diagnosis and treatment may lower the overtreatment risk. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging using standardised reporting cannot replace systematic biopsy, but robustly nested within the diagnostic work-up, it has a key role in local staging. Active surveillance always needs to be discussed with very low-risk patients. The place of surgery in high-risk disease and the role of lymph node dissection have been clarified, as well as the management of node-positive patients. Radiation therapy using dose-escalated intensity-modulated technology is a key treatment modality with recent improvement in the outcome based on increased doses as well as combination with hormonal treatment. Moderate hypofractionation is safe and effective, but longer-term data are still lacking. Brachytherapy represents an effective way to increase the delivered dose. Focal therapy remains experimental while cryosurgery and HIFU are still lacking long-term convincing results.
  
  
  
  The knowledge in the field of diagnosis, staging, and treatment of localised PCa is evolving rapidly. The 2016 EAU-ESTRO-SIOG Guidelines on PCa summarise the most recent findings and advice for the use in clinical practice. These are the first PCa guidelines endorsed by the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology and the International Society of Geriatric Oncology and reflect the multidisciplinary nature of PCa management. A full version is available from the EAU office and online (http://uroweb.org/guideline/prostate-cancer/).
  
  
  
  The 2016 EAU-STRO-IOG Prostate Cancer (PCa) Guidelines present updated information on the diagnosis, and treatment of clinically localised prostate cancer. In Northern and Western Europe, the number of men diagnosed with PCa has been on the rise. This may be due to an increase in opportunistic screening, but other factors may also be involved (eg, diet, sexual behaviour, low exposure to ultraviolet radiation). We propose that men who are potential candidates for screening should be engaged in a discussion with their clinician (also involving their families and caregivers) so that an informed decision may be made as part of an individualised risk-adapted approach.
authors: Department of Urology, University Hospital, St. Etienne, France. Electronic address: nicolas.mottet@chu-st-etienne.fr.
authors: Nicolas
authors: N
authors: Mottet
authors: Bladder Cancer Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Joaquim
authors: J
authors: Bellmunt
authors: Department of Radiation Therapy, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France.
authors: Michel
authors: M
authors: Bolla
authors: Patient Advocate, Hasselt, Belgium.
authors: Erik
authors: E
authors: Briers
authors: Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors: Marcus G
authors: MG
authors: Cumberbatch
authors: University of Warwick, Cancer Research Centre, Coventry, UK.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: De Santis
authors: Unit of Urology/Division of Oncology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
authors: Nicola
authors: N
authors: Fossati
authors: Department of Urology, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.
authors: Tobias
authors: T
authors: Gross
authors: Leeds Cancer Centre, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors: Ann M
authors: AM
authors: Henry
authors: Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Steven
authors: S
authors: Joniau
authors: Academic Urology Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; Department of Urology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK.
authors: Thomas B
authors: TB
authors: Lam
authors: Cardiff University, Velindre Hospital, Cardiff, UK.
authors: Malcolm D
authors: MD
authors: Mason
authors: N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia.
authors: Vsevolod B
authors: VB
authors: Matveev
authors: Hospices Civils de Lyon, Radiology Department, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France.
authors: Paul C
authors: PC
authors: Moldovan
authors: Department of Urology, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors: Roderick C N
authors: RCN
authors: van den Bergh
authors: Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Van den Broeck
authors: Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Henk G
authors: HG
authors: van der Poel
authors: Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Theo H
authors: TH
authors: van der Kwast
authors: Hospices Civils de Lyon, Radiology Department, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France.
authors: Olivier
authors: O
authors: Rouvière
authors: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Ivo G
authors: IG
authors: Schoots
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Wiegel
authors: Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK.
authors: Philip
authors: P
authors: Cornford
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D001918:Brachytherapy; D003452:Cryosurgery; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D024522:Genes, BRCA2; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000097:blood; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D000069473:Radiation Dose Hypofractionation; D011878:Radiotherapy; D018570:Risk Assessment; D057832:Watchful Waiting
chemical_list: C549870:KLK3 protein, human; D007610:Kallikreins; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: Androgen deprivation; Diagnosis; EAU-ESTRO-SIOG Guidelines; Localised; Prostate cancer; Radiation therapy; Radical prostatectomy; Screening; Staging; Treatment