title: Incidence of cardiac implantable electronic device infections and migrations in Japan: Results from a 129 institute survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We conducted a survey of the infection burden associated with the implantation of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  The institutes were selected using annual device implantation data provided by Medtronic Japan Co., Ltd. The data sampling period was from January 1 to December 31, 2013. Institutes were classified into Group P, at which only pacemakers were implanted, and Group A, at which other CIEDs were implanted. Group P was further classified into three sub-groups by implantation number. The infection rate was compared between groups using logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 129 of 138 institutes responded. The annual infection rate was 1.12% for overall CIEDs. The institute at which 15-29 pacemakers were implanted had a high infection rate (2.11%). No statistically significant difference was observed (adjusted p=0.1131). The overall migration rate was 0.50%. Complete removal of the CIED system was performed in 55.8% of patients who underwent implantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This survey was the first on CIED infection and migration in Japan. The CIED infection rate (1.12%) was similar to that previously reported. A high infection rate (2.77%) was observed in the infection experienced institutes.
authors: Japan Research Institute for Device Therapy, NT Bldg., 1-1-12, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan.
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Nakajima
authors: Medtronic Japan Co., Ltd., 2-14-1 Higashi Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0021 Japan.
authors: Masami
authors: M
authors: Taki
keywords: Cardiac implantable electronic device; Implantable cardioverter defibrillator; Infection; Lead extraction; Migration