title: Family and Maternal Characteristics of Children With Co-Occurring ADHD and Depression.
abstract: Objective:This study examined differences between children with ADHD and comorbid depression (n= 26), ADHD only (n= 111), and a community control group (n= 130) on measures of family and maternal characteristics.Method:The present study utilized a large, community sample. Diagnoses required positive endorsements from multiple sources. ANOVAs and chi-square tests were conducted to determine group differences.Results:Compared with children with ADHD alone and community controls, mothers of depressed ADHD children reported decreased family cohesion, limited participation in social/recreational activities, increased maternal depressive symptoms, difficulty coping with parenting roles, and higher rates of bipolar and anxiety disorders. Mothers of children with ADHD (with or without comorbid depression) reported increased conflict, decreased cohesion, and poor maternal coping compared with community controls.Conclusion:Findings are consistent with prior literature suggesting that families of children with ADHD and depression demonstrate both similar and unique characteristics. Clinical implications are discussed.
authors: Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Lindsay A
authors: LA
authors: Borden
authors: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Jessica
authors: J
authors: Hankinson
authors: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Carisa
authors: C
authors: Perry-Parrish
authors: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Elizabeth K
authors: EK
authors: Reynolds
authors: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Matthew W
authors: MW
authors: Specht
authors: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Rick
authors: R
authors: Ostrander
mesh_terms: D001008:Anxiety Disorders; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; D002648:Child; D003863:Depression; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009035:Mothers; D016487:Parenting
keywords: ADHD; depression; family; parent psychopathology