title: The Rise of Near-Infrared Emitters: Organic Dyes, Porphyrinoids, and Transition Metal Complexes.
abstract: In recent years, the interest in near-infrared (NIR) emitting molecules and materials has increased significantly, thanks to the expansion of the potential technological applications of NIR luminescence in several areas such as bioimaging, sensors, telecommunications, and night-vision displays. This progress has been facilitated by the development of new synthetic routes for the targeted functionalization and expansion of established molecular frameworks and by the availability of simpler and cheaper NIR detectors. Herein, we present recent developments on three major classes of systems-i.e., organic dyes, porphyrinoids, and transition metal complexes-exhibiting the maximum of the emission band at λ > 700 nm. In particular, we focus on the design strategies that may increase the luminescence efficiency, while pushing the emission band more deeply in the NIR region. This overview suggests that further progress can be achieved in the near future, with enhanced availability of more robust, stronger, and cheaper NIR luminophores.
authors: Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISOF-CNR), Via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy.
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Barbieri
authors: Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISOF-CNR), Via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy.
authors: Elisa
authors: E
authors: Bandini
authors: Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISOF-CNR), Via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy.
authors: Filippo
authors: F
authors: Monti
authors: Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India. vkpraveen@niist.res.in.
authors: Vakayil K
authors: VK
authors: Praveen
authors: Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISOF-CNR), Via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy. nicola.armaroli@isof.cnr.it.
authors: Nicola
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8599-0901
authors: N
authors: Armaroli
keywords: Near-infrared luminescence; Organic dyes; Porphyrinoids; Transition metal complexes