title: Endovascular treatment of ectopic bronchial artery aneurysm with brachiocephalic artery stent placement and coil embolization: A case report and literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bronchial artery aneurysm (BAA) is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening disease, and multiple BAAs are even rarer. Clinically, the tortuous and short neck of a BAA may present significant challenges for invasive intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  This report describes the detailed process of diagnosis and treatment and includes a literature review of the etiology, clinical presentation, and therapeutic management of BAA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A rare case of multiple BAAs, with one having an inflow artery arising from the brachiocephalic trunk, was referred to our hospital. The patient was successfully treated with coil embolization and brachiocephalic artery stent placement. In addition, we conducted a literature review involving 63 cases of BAA. BAA was most commonly associated with bronchiectasis and was located predominantly in the mediastinum. There was no significant difference between the diameters of the ruptured aneurysms and those of the nonruptured aneurysms (P = 0.115). Transcatheter arterial embolization was the most commonly adopted technique to treat BAA, while thoracic aortic endovascular repair was selected if the neck between the aneurysm and the aorta was short. Subgroup analysis suggested that patients with > 1 BAA were significantly more likely to be female than male (χ test, P = 0.034).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transcatheter coil embolization combined with stent placement could be a reasonable treatment option for BAAs with a tortuous and short neck. According to our literature review, patients with multiple BAAs display distinctive clinical characteristics compared with patients with a single BAA.
authors: Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Department of Interventional Therapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Department of Cytobiology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors: Xiao
authors: X
authors: Di
authors: Dong-Hua
authors: DH
authors: Ji
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: Chang-Wei
authors: CW
authors: Liu
authors: Bao
authors: B
authors: Liu
authors: Juan
authors: J
authors: Yang
mesh_terms: D000783:Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D016122:Brachiocephalic Trunk / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001981:Bronchial Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D057510:Endovascular Procedures; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015607:Stents; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed