title: Recent insights into the cell immobilization technology applied for dark fermentative hydrogen production.
abstract: The contribution and insights of the immobilization technology in the recent years with regards to the generation of (bio)hydrogen via dark fermentation have been reviewed. The types of immobilization practices, such as entrapment, encapsulation and adsorption, are discussed. Materials and carriers used for cell immobilization are also comprehensively surveyed. New development of nano-based immobilization and nano-materials has been highlighted pertaining to the specific subject of this review. The microorganisms and the type of carbon sources applied in the dark hydrogen fermentation are also discussed and summarized. In addition, the essential components of process operation and reactor configuration using immobilized microbial cultures in the design of varieties of bioreactors (such as fixed bed reactor, CSTR and UASB) are spotlighted. Finally, suggestions and future directions of this field are provided to assist the development of efficient, economical and sustainable hydrogen production technologies.
authors: Sustainable Management of Natural Resources and Environment Research Group, Faculty of Environmental and Labor Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Center for Materials Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan.
authors: Gopalakrishnan
authors: G
authors: Kumar
authors: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mauritius, Reduit 80837, Mauritius.
authors: Ackmez
authors: A
authors: Mudhoo
authors: Center for Materials Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan.
authors: Periyasamy
authors: P
authors: Sivagurunathan
authors: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors: Dillirani
authors: D
authors: Nagarajan
authors: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kathmandu University, P.O. Box 6250, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors: Anish
authors: A
authors: Ghimire
authors: Green Energy Development Centre (GEDC), Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors: Chyi-How
authors: CH
authors: Lay
authors: Green Energy Development Centre (GEDC), Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors: Chiu-Yue
authors: CY
authors: Lin
authors: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Duu-Jong
authors: DJ
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. Electronic address: changjs@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
authors: Jo-Shu
authors: JS
authors: Chang
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D018914:Cells, Immobilized; D004867:Equipment Design; D005285:Fermentation; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D059013:Microbial Consortia / Q000502:physiology*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D011108:Polymers; D002244:Carbon; D006859:Hydrogen
keywords: Biohydrogen; Bioreactor design; Cell immobilization; Dark fermentation; Microorganisms