title: Incidence of Respiratory Disease During the First Two Years of Life in Children with Hemodynamically Significant Congenital Heart Disease in Italy: A Retrospective Study.
abstract: Children affected by hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease (HSCHD) experience severe respiratory complications that can increase the frequency of hospitalizations. The aim of the SINERGY study was to describe the incidence of respiratory diseases and to collect information on active and passive immunoprophylaxis in the first 2 years of life. In this retrospective, multicenter, and epidemiologic study, children with HSCHD were enrolled across 11 Italian sites. Children born between December 31, 2007, and December 31, 2012, were observed during their first 2 years of life. Data were collected through hospital database searches and parent interviews. Four hundred twenty children were enrolled: 51.7 % were female, 79.5 % were born full-term (≥37 weeks), and 77.6 % weighed >2500 g at birth. The most frequent heart defects were ventricular septal defect (23.1 %) and coarctation of the aorta (14.3 %). The incidence of respiratory diseases was 63.1 %. Frequent respiratory diseases not requiring hospitalization were upper respiratory tract infections (76.4 %), acute bronchitis (43.3 %), and influenza (22.1 %), while those requiring hospitalization were bronchitis and bronchiolitis (8.3 % each one). While active immunoprophylaxis was applied with wide compliance (diphtheria/pertussis/tetanus, 99.5 %; Haemophilus influenzae type b, 72.5 %; pneumococcus, 79.9 %; meningococcus, 77.4 %), only 54 % of children received respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) passive prophylaxis (palivizumab). Of the 35 hospitalizations due to bronchiolitis, 27 (77.1 %) did not receive prophylaxis against RSV, compared with 8 (22.9 %) who received prophylaxis (P < 0.0001). Children with HSCHD are at major risk of respiratory diseases. Passive immunoprophylaxis can help to prevent hospitalizations for bronchiolitis.
authors: Centro Cardiologico Paediatrico del Mediterraneo Taormina, Bambino Gesù Roma, Rome, Italy.
authors: Giacomo
authors: G
authors: Pongiglione
authors: AbbVie SrL Italy, Campoverde, Via Pontina km 52, Campoverde di Aprilia (LT), Latina, Italy.
authors: Alessandro
authors: A
authors: Possidoni
authors: AbbVie SrL Italy, Campoverde, Via Pontina km 52, Campoverde di Aprilia (LT), Latina, Italy.
authors: Umberto
authors: U
authors: di Luzio Paparatti
authors: AbbVie SrL Italy, Campoverde, Via Pontina km 52, Campoverde di Aprilia (LT), Latina, Italy. annamaria.costanzo@abbvie.com.
authors: Anna Maria
authors: AM
authors: Costanzo
authors: AbbVie SrL Italy, Campoverde, Via Pontina km 52, Campoverde di Aprilia (LT), Latina, Italy.
authors: Giuliana
authors: G
authors: Gualberti
authors: Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy.
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Bonvicini
authors: Istituto "Giannina Gaslini" Genova, Genoa, Italy.
authors: Alessandro
authors: A
authors: Rimini
authors: A.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Ospedale Infantile Regina Margherita Torino, Turin, Italy.
authors: Gabriella
authors: G
authors: Agnoletti
authors: Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino" di Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors: Maria Pia
authors: MP
authors: Calabrò
authors: Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona "Umberto I, G.M. Lancisi, G. Salesi", Ancona, Italy.
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Pozzi
authors: Azienda Ospedaliera "G.Brotzu" Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Tumbarello
authors: IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors: Patrizia
authors: P
authors: Salice
authors: Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Meyer Firenze, Florence, Italy.
authors: Patrizio
authors: P
authors: Fiorini
authors: Ospedale Monaldi, Seconda Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy.
authors: Maria Giovanna
authors: MG
authors: Russo
authors: Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padua, Italy.
authors: Ornella
authors: O
authors: Milanesi
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000998:Antiviral Agents
keywords: Heart disease; Palivizumab; Respiratory infections; Respiratory syncytial virus