title: Inclusion of persons with disabilities in systems of social protection: a population-based survey and case-control study in Peru.
abstract: This study aims to assess the needs of people with disabilities and their level of inclusion in social protection programmes.
  
  
  
  Population based-survey with a nested case-control study.
  
  
  
  Morropon, a semiurban district located in Piura, northern Peru.
  
  
  
  For the population survey, a two-stage sampling method was undertaken using data from the most updated census available and information of each household member aged ≥5 years was collected. In the nested case-control study, only one participant, case or control, per household was included in the study.
  
  
  
  Disability was screened using the Washington Group short questionnaire. A case, defined as an individual aged ≥5 years with disabilities, was matched with one control without disabilities by sex and age (±5 years). Information was collected on socioeconomic status, education, health and rehabilitation and social protection participation.
  
  
  
  The survey included 3684 participants, 1848 (50.1%) females, mean age: 36.4 (SD: 21.7). A total of 290 participants (7.9%; 95% CI 7.0% to 8.7%) were classified as having disability. Adults with disabilities were more likely to be single (OR=3.40; 95% CI 1.54 to 7.51) and not to be working (OR=4.36; 95% CI 2.26 to 8.40), while those who did work were less likely to receive the national minimum wage (ie, 750 PEN or about US$265; p=0.007). People with disabilities were more likely to experience health problems. There was no difference between those enrolled in any social protection programme among participants with and without disabilities.
  
  
  
  People with disabilities were found to have higher needs for social protection, but were not more likely to be enrolled in social protection programmes. The Peruvian social protection system should consider adding disability status to selection criteria in their cash transfer programmes as well as implementing disability-specific interventions.
authors: CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas-UPC, Lima, Perú
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Bernabe-Ortiz
authors: CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
authors: Francisco
authors: F
authors: Diez-Canseco
authors: Sociedad y Discapacidad-SODIS, Lima, Perú
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Vasquez
authors: International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
authors: Hannah
authors: H
authors: Kuper
authors: International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
authors: Matthew
authors: M
authors: Walsham
authors: International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
authors: Karl
authors: K
authors: Blanchet
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D005380:Financing, Government; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010568:Peru; D011640:Public Policy / Q000191:economics*; D012923:Social Class; D012946:Social Welfare; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: EPIDEMIOLOGY; PUBLIC HEALTH; SOCIAL MEDICINE