title: Occurrence of beauvericin and enniatins in wheat flour and corn grits on the Japanese market, and their co-contamination with type B trichothecene mycotoxins.
abstract: The contamination levels of beauvericin and four enniatins, A, A1, B and B1, in 207 samples of wheat flour and corn grits on the Japanese market were determined by an analytical method based on LC-MS/MS. The toxins were extracted from samples with acetonitrile-water (85:15, v/v) and then purified with C18 cartridges. The method was validated in a single laboratory using spiked samples at two levels; the recovery of the five toxins ranged from 91.1% to 113.8%. Enniatin B was frequently detected in imported wheat flour (81.8%) and domestic wheat flour (85.6%), and the highest concentration of enniatin B was present in a domestic wheat sample (633 μg kg-1). In corn grits, beauvericin was found in 34% of the samples, but enniatins were not detected at all. The maximum concentration of beauvericin in corn grits was 26.1 μg kg-1. Deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in the same samples were determined by a method using an immunoaffinity column. Co-contamination of deoxynivalenol and enniatins was observed in 61% of the imported wheat samples and in 58% of the domestic wheat samples. These results suggest the need for a risk assessment for cyclic depsipeptide mycotoxins in Japan and a study on the synergistic effect of deoxynivalenol and enniatins.
authors: a National Institute of Health Sciences , Tokyo , Japan.
authors: Tomoya
authors: T
authors: Yoshinari
authors: b Department of Food and Life Science , Azabu University , Kanagawa , Japan.
authors: Yuiko
authors: Y
authors: Suzuki
authors: b Department of Food and Life Science , Azabu University , Kanagawa , Japan.
authors: Yoshiko
authors: Y
authors: Sugita-Konishi
authors: a National Institute of Health Sciences , Tokyo , Japan.
authors: Takahiro
authors: T
authors: Ohnishi
authors: a National Institute of Health Sciences , Tokyo , Japan.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Terajima
mesh_terms: D047630:Depsipeptides / Q000032:analysis*; D005433:Flour / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D007564:Japan; D015394:Molecular Structure; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000032:analysis*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D047630:Depsipeptides; D014255:Trichothecenes; C100264:enniatins; C004456:beauvericin
keywords: Beauvericin; corn; deoxynivalenol; enniatin; wheat