title: Bioavailability of Glucosinolates and Their Breakdown Products: Impact of Processing.
abstract: Glucosinolates are a large group of plant secondary metabolites with nutritional effects, and are mainly found in cruciferous plants. After ingestion, glucosinolates could be partially absorbed in their intact form through the gastrointestinal mucosa. However, the largest fraction is metabolized in the gut lumen. When cruciferous are consumed without processing, myrosinase enzyme present in these plants hydrolyzes the glucosinolates in the proximal part of the gastrointestinal tract to various metabolites, such as isothiocyanates, nitriles, oxazolidine-2-thiones, and indole-3-carbinols. When cruciferous are cooked before consumption, myrosinase is inactivated and glucosinolates transit to the colon where they are hydrolyzed by the intestinal microbiota. Numerous factors, such as storage time, temperature, and atmosphere packaging, along with inactivation processes of myrosinase are influencing the bioavailability of glucosinolates and their breakdown products. This review paper summarizes the assimilation, absorption, and elimination of these molecules, as well as the impact of processing on their bioavailability.
authors: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, València, Spain.
authors: Francisco J
authors: FJ
authors: Barba
authors: Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Islamic Azad University of Sabzevar , Sabzevar , Iran.
authors: Nooshin
authors: N
authors: Nikmaram
authors: Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Division of Food and Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.
authors: Shahin
authors: S
authors: Roohinejad
authors: Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable (UTC/ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR), Centre de Recherche de Royallieu , Compiègne Cedex , France.
authors: Anissa
authors: A
authors: Khelfa
authors: School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University , Wuhan , China.
authors: Zhenzhou
authors: Z
authors: Zhu
authors: Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable (UTC/ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR), Centre de Recherche de Royallieu , Compiègne Cedex , France.
authors: Mohamed
authors: M
authors: Koubaa
keywords: bioavailability; brassicaceae; glucosinolates; isothiocyanates; myrosinase; processing