title: Development and optimization of a standard method for extraction of microplastics in mussels by enzyme digestion of soft tissues.
abstract: The authors compared procedures for digestion of mussel soft tissues and extraction of microplastics. Complete tissue digestion was achieved with 1M NaOH, 35% HNO3, and protease at 9.6 UHb/mL (unit hemoglobin per mL); but use of HNO3caused unacceptable destruction of some microplastics. Recovery of microplastics spiked into mussels was similar (93 ± 10%) for NaOH and enzyme digestions. The authors recommend use of industrial enzymes based on digestion efficiency, microplastic recovery, and avoidance of caustic chemicals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:947-951. © 2016 SETAC.
authors: Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
authors: Ana I
authors: AI
authors: Catarino
authors: School of Marine Science and Engineering, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom.
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Thompson
authors: Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.|St. Abbs Marine Station, St. Abbs, Berwickshire, United Kingdom.
authors: William
authors: W
authors: Sanderson
authors: Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.|Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries and Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
authors: Theodore B
authors: TB
authors: Henry
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000737:chemistry*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D017942:Nitric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry; D010969:Plastics / Q000032:analysis*; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D010969:Plastics; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D017942:Nitric Acid; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases
keywords: Emerging pollutants; Environmental toxicology; Enzymatic digestion; Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR); Microplastics; Mussels