title: Removal of nickel by homogeneous granulation in a fluidized-bed reactor.
abstract: Heavy metal removal is a significant task that protects our water resources. Fluidized-bed homogeneous granulation process (FBHGP) was used to treat nickel containing wastewaters by recovering nickel in the form of nickel carbonate hydroxide granules with low moisture content rather than soft sludge. This study investigated nickel removal and recovery through HFBGP by determining the effects of varying influent nickel concentrations, [CO32-: Ni2+] molar ratios, and pH of the precipitant. This was conducted in a continuous process using a laboratory scale fluidized-bed reactor that determined the effects driven by supersaturation. The best operating conditions that resulted in a 98.8% nickel removal and 97.8% granulation efficiency were 200 mg L-1influent nickel concentration, 2.0 M R of [CO3-2:Ni+2], and 10.7 pH of precipitant. Based on SEM analysis, the granules formed have sizes between 0.50 mm and 0.15 mm. EDS results showed that the atomic percentages of nickel carbon, and hydrogen were ∼50%, ∼9-12%, and ∼35% respectively, representing the nickel carbonate compound. The XRD results showed the low symmetry of the granules formed that confirmed the characteristics of nullaginite mineral of Ni2(CO3)(OH)2.
authors: Environmental Engineering Graduate Program, College of Engineering, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
authors: Florencio C
authors: FC
authors: Ballesteros
authors: Environmental Engineering Graduate Program, College of Engineering, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
authors: Angel Frances S
authors: AF
authors: Salcedo
authors: Department of Chemical Engineering, Adamson University, Manila, Philippines; Chemical Engineering Graduate Programs, School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Mapua Institute of Technology, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines.
authors: Anabella C
authors: AC
authors: Vilando
authors: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors: Yao-Hui
authors: YH
authors: Huang
authors: Department of Environmental Resources Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan. Electronic address: mmclu@mail.cnu.edu.tw.
authors: Ming-Chun
authors: MC
authors: Lu
mesh_terms: D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D006878:Hydroxides / Q000032:analysis; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009532:Nickel / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D006878:Hydroxides; D009532:Nickel; D012722:Sewage; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C037473:nickel hydroxide; C030989:nickel carbonate
keywords: Granulation ratio; Hydraulic condition; Nickel carbonate; Nickel carbonate hydroxide; Solubility