title: In-syringe dispersive micro-solid phase extraction using carbon fibres for the determination of chlorophenols in human urine by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
abstract: In this article, carbon fibres (CFs) are presented as sorbent material for the dispersive micro-solid phase extraction of twelve chlorophenols from urine samples. CFs are synthesized by a reagentless and green procedure consisting of heating raw cotton, a natural precursor, at high temperature (400°C) in an inert atmosphere (Ar) during 2h. The resulting fibres, which present good water dispersibility, are finally loaded on an in-syringe device. This device, which integrates the extraction and final elution of the analytes, is disposable and it is adapted to process low sample volumes. Working at the optimum conditions, the extraction procedure in combination with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry allows the determination of the analytes in urine at the low μg/L range. In fact, the limits of quantification (LOQs) of the analytes were in the interval from 1μg/L to 2.5μg/L with precision values, expressed as relative standard deviations (RSD), better than 13%. Relative recovery values, ranging from 74.5% to 113%, demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method.
authors: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
authors: M T
authors: MT
authors: García-Valverde
authors: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Lucena
authors: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Cárdenas
authors: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain. Electronic address: qa1vacam@uco.es.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Valcárcel
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D000077482:Carbon Fiber; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000652:urine*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013594:Syringes
chemical_list: D000077482:Carbon Fiber; D002733:Chlorophenols; D002244:Carbon
keywords: Carbon fibres; Chlorophenols; Dispersive micro-solid phase extraction; Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; Urine