title: Nuss bar migrations: occurrence and classification.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pectus excavatum results from dorsal deviation of the sternum causing narrowing of the anterior-posterior diameter of the chest. It can result in significant cosmetic deformities and cardiopulmonary compromise if severe. The Nuss procedure is a minimally invasive technique that involves placing a thin horizontally oriented metal bar below the dorsal sternal apex for correction of the pectus deformity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify the frequency and types of Nuss bar migrations, to present a new categorization of bar migrations, and to present examples of true migrations and pseudomigrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records and all pertinent radiologic studies of 311 pediatric patients who underwent a Nuss procedure. We evaluated the frequency and type of bar migrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bar migration was demonstrated in 23 of 311 patients (7%) and occurred within a mean period of 26 days after surgery. Bar migrations were subjectively defined as deviation of the bar from the position demonstrated on the immediate postoperative radiographs and categorized as superior, inferior, rotation, lateral or flipped using a new classification system. Sixteen of the 23 migrations required re-operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nuss bar migration can be diagnosed with careful evaluation of serial radiographs. Nuss bar migration has a wide variety of appearances and requires exclusion of pseudomigration resulting from changes in patient positioning between radiologic examinations.
authors: Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. S.W., Rochester, MN, 55902, USA.
authors: Lauren E
authors: LE
authors: Binkovitz
authors: Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors: Benjamin
authors: B
authors: Zendejas
authors: Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors: Christopher R
authors: CR
authors: Moir
authors: Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. S.W., Rochester, MN, 55902, USA. binkovitz.larry@mayo.edu.
authors: Larry A
authors: LA
authors: Binkovitz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000145:classification* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005660:Funnel Chest / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Chest wall deformity; Children; Nuss bar; Pectus excavatum; Radiography