title: Basic Perforator Flap Hemodynamic Mathematical Model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A mathematical model to help explain the hemodynamic characteristics of perforator flaps based on blood flow resistance systems within the flap will serve as a theoretical guide for the future study and clinical applications of these flaps.
  
  
  METHODS
  There are 3 major blood flow resistance network systems of a perforator flap. These were defined as the blood flow resistance of an anastomosis between artery and artery of adjacent perforasomes, between artery and vein within a perforasome, and then between vein and vein corresponding to the outflow of that perforasome. From this, a calculation could be made of the number of such blood flow resistance network systems that must be crossed for all perforasomes within a perforator flap to predict whether that arrangement would be viable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The summation of blood flow resistance networks from each perforasome in a given perforator flap could predict which portions would likely survive. This mathematical model shows how this is directly dependent on the location of the vascular pedicle to the flap and whether supercharging or superdrainage maneuvers have been added. These configurations will give an estimate of the hemodynamic characteristics for the given flap design.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This basic mathematical model can (1) conveniently determine the degree of difficulty for each perforasome within a perforator flap to survive; (2) semiquantitatively allow the calculation of basic hemodynamic parameters; and (3) allow the assessment of the pros and cons expected for each pattern of perforasomes encountered clinically based on predictable hemodynamic observations.
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Human Anatomy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Human Anatomy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; and Division of Plastic Surgery, Sacred Heart Hospital, Allentown, Pa.
authors: Youlun
authors: Y
authors: Tao
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Human Anatomy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Human Anatomy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; and Division of Plastic Surgery, Sacred Heart Hospital, Allentown, Pa.
authors: Maochao
authors: M
authors: Ding
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Human Anatomy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Human Anatomy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; and Division of Plastic Surgery, Sacred Heart Hospital, Allentown, Pa.
authors: Aiguo
authors: A
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Human Anatomy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Human Anatomy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; and Division of Plastic Surgery, Sacred Heart Hospital, Allentown, Pa.
authors: Yuehong
authors: Y
authors: Zhuang
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Human Anatomy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Human Anatomy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; and Division of Plastic Surgery, Sacred Heart Hospital, Allentown, Pa.
authors: Shi-Min
authors: SM
authors: Chang
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Human Anatomy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Human Anatomy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; and Division of Plastic Surgery, Sacred Heart Hospital, Allentown, Pa.
authors: Jin
authors: J
authors: Mei
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Human Anatomy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Human Anatomy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; and Division of Plastic Surgery, Sacred Heart Hospital, Allentown, Pa.
authors: Maolin
authors: M
authors: Tang
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Human Anatomy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Human Anatomy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; and Division of Plastic Surgery, Sacred Heart Hospital, Allentown, Pa.
authors: Geoffrey G
authors: GG
authors: Hallock