title: Bothrops fonsecai snake venom activities and cross-reactivity with commercial bothropic venom.
abstract: In this work, we examined some biochemical and biological activities of Bothrops fonsecai venom, a pitviper endemic to southeastern Brazil, and assessed their neutralization by commercial bothropic antivenom (CAv). Cross-reactivity of venom with CAv was also assessed by immunoblotting and size-exclusion high performance chromatography (SE-HPLC). Bothrops fonsecai venom had PLA2, proteolytic and esterase activities that were neutralized to varying extents by venom:antivenom ratios of 5:1 and 5:2 (PLA2and esterase activities) or not significantly by either venom:antivenom ratio (proteolytic activity). The minimum hemorrhagic dose (69.2μg) was totally neutralized by both ratios. Clotting time in rat citrated plasma was 33±10.5s (mean±SD; n=5) and was completely neutralized by a 5:2 ratio. Edema formation was dose-dependent (1-30μg/site) and significantly inhibited by both ratios. Venom (10-300μg/mL) caused neuromuscular blockade in extensor digitorum longus preparations; this blockade was inhibited best by a 5:2 ratio. Venom caused myonecrosis and creatine kinase release in vivo (gastrocnemius muscle) and in vitro (extensor digitorum longus) that was effectively neutralized by both venom:antivenom ratios. Immunoblotting showed that venom components of ~25-100kDa interacted with CAv. SE-HPLC profiles for venom incubated with CAv or specific anti-B. fonsecai antivenom raised in rabbits (SAv) indicated that CAv had a higher binding capacity than SAv, whereas SAv had higher affinity than CAv. These findings indicate that B. fonsecai venom contains various activities that are neutralized to different extents by CAv and suggest that CAv could be used to treat envenoming by B. fonsecai.
authors: Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors: Rita de Cássia O
authors: RC
authors: Collaço
authors: Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde, Pontífica Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUCSP), Praça Dr. José Ermirio de Moraes, 290, 18030-095, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: priscilarandazzo@yahoo.com.br.
authors: Priscila
authors: P
authors: Randazzo-Moura
authors: Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors: Mariana L
authors: ML
authors: Tamascia
authors: Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors: Igor Rapp F
authors: IR
authors: da Silva
authors: Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 281, Jardim São José, 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil.
authors: Thalita
authors: T
authors: Rocha
authors: Serpentário do Centro de Estudos da Natureza, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), Avenida Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, 12244-000, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors: José C
authors: JC
authors: Cogo
authors: Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: Hyslop
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Center for Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University (OSU), 1111 W. 17th Street, 74107, Tulsa, OK, USA.
authors: Charles G
authors: CG
authors: Sanny
authors: Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors: Léa
authors: L
authors: Rodrigues-Simioni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000931:Antidotes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000997:Antivenins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D017837:Bothrops / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003429:Cross Reactions; D003435:Crotalid Venoms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000633:toxicity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D004950:Esterases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D054501:Group II Phospholipases A2 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000187:drug effects; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D059748:Proteolysis; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D030162:Reptilian Proteins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D012909:Snake Bites / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000931:Antidotes; D000997:Antivenins; D003435:Crotalid Venoms; D030162:Reptilian Proteins; D004950:Esterases; D054501:Group II Phospholipases A2; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases
keywords: Antivenom neutralization; Enzymatic activities; Local effects; Neuromuscular blockade; Venom:Antivenom binding