title: Hypothermia Increases Tissue Plasminogen Activator Expression and Decreases Post-Operative Intra-Abdominal Adhesion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Therapeutic hypothermia during operation decreases postoperative intra-abdominal adhesion formation. We sought to determine the most appropriate duration of hypothermia, and whether hypothermia affects the expression of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA).
  
  
  METHODS
  80 male BALB/c mice weighing 25-30 g are randomized into one of five groups: adhesion model with infusion of 15°C saline for 15 minutes (A); 30 minutes (B); 45 minute (C); adhesion model without infusion of cold saline (D); and sham operation without infusion of cold saline (E). Adhesion scores and tPA levels in the peritoneum fluid levels were analyzed on postoperative days 1, 7, and 14.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On day 14, the cold saline infusion groups (A, B, and C) had lower adhesion scores than the without infusion of cold saline group (D). However, only group B (cold saline infusion for 30 minutes) had a significantly lower adhesion scores than group D. Also, group B was found to have 3.4 fold, 2.3 fold, and 2.2 fold higher levels of tPA than group D on days 1, 7, and 14 respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that cold saline infusion for 30 minutes was the optimum duration to decrease postoperative intra-abdominal adhesion formation. The decrease in the adhesion formations could be partly due to an increase in the level of tPA.
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Meng-Tse Gabriel
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2648-1522
authors: MT
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliou, Taiwan.|Department of General Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliou, Taiwan.
authors: Chien-Chang
authors: CC
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Hsuan-Mao
authors: HM
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Tzung-Hsin
authors: TH
authors: Chou
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Meng-Che
authors: MC
authors: Wu
authors: Research Department, China Medical University Hospital, Research Center for Tumor Medical Science, and Center for Chinese medicine and acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors: Kuang-Lung
authors: KL
authors: Hsueh
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Shyr-Chyr
authors: SC
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery*; D000818:Animals; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000378:metabolism; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator