title: Preeclampsia and Extracellular Vesicles.
abstract: Preeclampsia is a hypertensive pregnancy disorder characterized by development of hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation that remains a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. While preeclampsia is believed to result from complex interactions between maternal and placental factors, the proximate pathophysiology of this syndrome remains elusive. Cell-to-cell communication is a critical signaling mechanism for feto-placental development in normal pregnancies. One mechanism of cellular communication relates to activated cell-derived sealed membrane vesicles called extracellular vesicles (EVs). The concentrations and contents of EVs in biological fluids depend upon their cells of origin and the stimuli which trigger their production. Research on EVs in preeclampsia has focused on EVs derived from the maternal vasculature (endothelium, vascular smooth muscle) and blood (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets), as well as placental syncytiotrophoblasts. Changes in the concentrations and contents of these EVs may contribute to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia by accentuating the pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulatory states of pregnancy. This review focuses on possible interactions among placental- and maternal-derived EVs and their contents in the initiation and progression of the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Understanding the contributions of EVs in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia may facilitate their use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.|Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
authors: Sarwat I
authors: SI
authors: Gilani
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
authors: Tracey L
authors: TL
authors: Weissgerber
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
authors: Vesna D
authors: VD
authors: Garovic
authors: Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. jaya.m@mayo.edu.|Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. jaya.m@mayo.edu.
authors: Muthuvel
authors: M
authors: Jayachandran
mesh_terms: D000067128:Extracellular Vesicles / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy
keywords: Cell-cell communication; Exosomes; Hypertensive pregnancy disorder; Microvesicles; Vesicles