title: Automated double-cone-beam CT fusion technique. Enhanced evaluation of glue distribution in cases of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) embolisation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVFs) are acquired diseases that represent the majority of all arteriovenous spinal shunts, leading to progressive and disabling myelopathy. Treatment is focused on accurately disconnecting the fistula point. We present our experience with the double-cone-beam CT fusion technique successfully applied to evaluate treatment results in a series of SDAVFs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between November 2011 and December 2015 we performed double-DynaCT acquisition (pre- and post-embolisation) in 12 cases of SDAVF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A successful DynaCT fusion technique was only achieved in the group of patients with pre- and post-treatment images acquired at the same time as the treatment session, under general anaesthesia (4/12). DynaCT performed on different days proved to be inadequate for the automated fusion technique because of changes in the body position (8/12).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A pre-treatment flat-panel cone-beam CT with contrast, at the time of diagnostic angiography, can be very helpful to detect the correct level of the fistula and the relationship between the fistula and the surrounding structures. In case of the endovascular approach, additional post-treatment native acquisition merged with the pre-treatment acquisition (double-cone-beam CT fusion technique) permits to immediately evaluate the distribution of the glue cast and to confirm the success of the procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • SDAVF treatment must be aimed to occlude the fistula point shunt. • Native post-operative cone-beam CT permits high-spatial-resolution imaging of the embolic cast. • The automated double-cone-beam CT fusion technique (pre/post) accurately demonstrates intravascular glue distribution after embolisation. • Patient movements should be avoided to obtain good technical results.
authors: Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Foundation Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Milan, Italy.|Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy.
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Faragò
authors: Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Foundation Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Milan, Italy. Valentina.caldiera@istituto-Besta.it.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Caldiera
authors: Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Foundation Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Milan, Italy.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Antozzi
authors: Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Foundation Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Milan, Italy.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Bellino
authors: Department of Neuro-Oncology, Foundation Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Milan, Italy.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Innocenti
authors: Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Foundation Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Milan, Italy.|Department of Neuroradiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Borgo Trento, Verona, Italy.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Ciceri
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives; D000792:Angiography; D020785:Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives
keywords: 3D imaging; Cone-beam computed tomography; Endovascular procedures; Spinal cord vascular disease; Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula