title: Frequency of peri-implant diseases and associated factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the frequency of peri-implant diseases and factors associated with its occurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and fifty-five patients with dental implants were evaluated in this cross-sectional study. Dental implants were clinically and radiographically evaluated to diagnose their peri-implant condition, according to Mombelli (Proceedings of the 3rd European Workshop on Periodontology, 1999, Quintessence, London). Associations between peri-implant diseases and independent variables (socioeconomic, demographic and periodontal characteristics) were evaluated through bivariate analysis with chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests, as well as by multiple logistic regression. The significance level was set at 5%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequencies of the peri-implant diseases, mucositis and peri-implantitis, in individuals were 54% and 28% (CI, 95%), respectively. The sample was almost exclusively of patients with untreated periodontal disease (93%). Bivariate analysis showed that these peri-implant diseases were associated with male patients (prevalence ratio [PR], 3.38), medication use (PR, 2.94), systemic diseases (PR, 2.25), number of implants (PR, 2.53), visible plaque index (PR, 2.49) and gingival index (PR, 2.70). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that medication use (prevalence ratio adjusted [PRadj], 1.23; 95% CI: 1.04-1.46; P = 0.017), having two or more implants (PRadj, 1.22; 95% CI: 1.02-1.46; P = 0.029) and gingival bleeding index > 10% (PRadj, 1.22; 95% CI: 1.03-1.44; P = 0.022) were associated with the presence of peri-implant disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peri-implant diseases were diagnosed in 54% of patients; gingival index of greater than 10%, having more than two implants and use of medication were associated with the frequency of peri-implant disease.
authors: Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
authors: Bruno César de Vasconcelos
authors: BCV
authors: Gurgel
authors: Guarulhos University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Sheyla Christine Lira
authors: SCL
authors: Montenegro
authors: Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
authors: Poliana Medeiros Cunha
authors: PMC
authors: Dantas
authors: Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
authors: Ana Luísa de Barros
authors: ALB
authors: Pascoal
authors: Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
authors: Kenio Costa
authors: KC
authors: Lima
authors: Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
authors: Patrícia Dos Santos
authors: PDS
authors: Calderon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D052016:Mucositis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: osseointegrated implants; peri-implant disease; peri-implant mucositis; peri-implantitis; risk factors