title: Lower-extremity lymphedema following management for endometrial and cervical cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the alleged benefits conferred by a lymphadenectomy in the management of gynecologic malignancies, there are concerns regarding the development of postoperative lower-extremity lymphedema. The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence of lymphedema and associated risk factors in accordance with surgical staging during the management of endometrial and cervical cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a 5-year review of all endometrial and cervical cancer patients who underwent a lymphadenectomy. The subjects' demographics, medical co-morbidities, diagnosis, surgical treatment, inclusion of adjuvant radiotherapy and incidence of lower-extremity lymphedema were noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 165 (135 endometrial cancer and 30 cervical cancer) subjects. Positive pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes were present in 21 (12.7%) and 10 patients (6.1%), respectively. In the entire population, 6 (3.6% incidence) subjects developed post-operative lymphedema. Supplementary analyses revealed that a BMI >35 kg/m(2) and possessing numerous (≥3) co-morbidities significantly correlated with the manifestation of lower-extremity lymphedema.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the current investigation, we observed a reasonably low, overall incidence of postoperative lower-extremity lymphedema. Nevertheless, when evaluating the potential for lymphedema in patients for whom a lymphadenectomy is indicated, specific risk factors should be considered in an effort to attenuate the development of this morbid condition.
authors: Gynecologic Oncology Associates, Newport Beach, CA, 92663, USA.
authors: Alberto A
authors: AA
authors: Mendivil
authors: Gynecologic Oncology Associates, Newport Beach, CA, 92663, USA.
authors: Mark A
authors: MA
authors: Rettenmaier
authors: Gynecologic Oncology Associates, Newport Beach, CA, 92663, USA.
authors: Lisa N
authors: LN
authors: Abaid
authors: Gynecologic Oncology Associates, Newport Beach, CA, 92663, USA.
authors: John V
authors: JV
authors: Brown
authors: Gynecologic Oncology Associates, Newport Beach, CA, 92663, USA.
authors: John P
authors: JP
authors: Micha
authors: The Nancy Yeary Women's Cancer Research Foundation, Newport Beach, CA, 92663, USA.
authors: Katrina L
authors: KL
authors: Lopez
authors: Gynecologic Oncology Associates, Newport Beach, CA, 92663, USA. Electronic address: bram@gynoncology.com.
authors: Bram H
authors: BH
authors: Goldstein
mesh_terms: D018262:Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002288:Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018284:Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D019468:Disease Management; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000473:pathology*; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Cervical cancer; Endometrial cancer; Gynecologic surgery; Lymphadenectomy; Lymphedema