title: Chemical characteristics and influence of continental outflow on PM1.0, PM2.5and PM10measured at Tuoji island in the Bohai Sea.
abstract: To investigate the chemical characteristics and sources of size-segregated particles in the background region, PM1.0, PM2.5and PM10samples were collected in Tuoji Island (TI) during the winter of 2014. Water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) including Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, NO3-and SO42-, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) were analysed. The average mass concentrations of PM1.0, PM2.5and PM10were 44.5μg/m3, 62.0μg/m3and 94.4μg/m3, respectively, and particles were importantly enriched in PM1.0. Secondary WSIIs (NH4+, NO3-and SO42-) were the most abundant species, and their contribution was highest in PM1.0. The average values of NOR and SOR were more than 0.1 in PM1.0, suggesting that secondary formation of SO42-and NO3-from the gas precursors SO2and NO2occurred in PM1.0. Secondary organic carbon accounted for 62.3% in PM1.0, 61.9% in PM1.0-2.5and 48.9% in PM2.5-10of OC, formed mainly in the fine mode. The particles concentrations were mainly affected by air mass from the North China Plain, especially the air mass from the southwest of Shandong province, which had low speed and altitude.
authors: Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
authors: Junmei
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, China. Electronic address: yanglingxiao@sdu.edu.cn.
authors: Lingxiao
authors: L
authors: Yang
authors: Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; Institut de Combustion, Aerothermique, Reactivité Environnement (ICARE), CNRS/OSUC, 1C Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France.
authors: Abdelwahid
authors: A
authors: Mellouki
authors: Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
authors: Liang
authors: L
authors: Wen
authors: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
authors: Yumeng
authors: Y
authors: Yang
authors: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Gao
authors: Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
authors: Pan
authors: P
authors: Jiang
authors: Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
authors: Yanyan
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
authors: Wenxing
authors: W
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis*; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D007477:Ions / Q000032:analysis*; D062312:Islands; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D007477:Ions; D052638:Particulate Matter; D002244:Carbon
keywords: Chemical components; Long-distance transport; Secondary formation; Size-segregated aerosol