title: Toxicological effects of particulate matter (PM2.5) on rats: Bioaccumulation, antioxidant alterations, lipid damage, and ABC transporter activity.
abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated the harmful effects of atmospheric pollutants on cardiac systems because of the presence of particulate matter (PM), a complex mixture of numerous substances including trace metals. In this study, the toxicity of PM2.5 from two regions, rural (PM2.5 level of 8.5 ± 4.0 μg m(-3)) and industrial (PM2.5 level of 14.4 ± 4.1 μg m(-3)) in Brazil, was investigated through in vivo experiments in rats. Metal accumulation and biochemical responses were evaluated after rats were exposed to three different concentrations of PM2.5 in saline extract (10× dilution, 5× dilution, and concentrated). The experimental data showed the bioaccumulation of diverse trace metals in the hearts of groups exposed to PM2.5 from both regions. Furthermore, mobilization of the antioxidant defenses and an increase in lipid peroxidation of the cardiac tissue was observed in response to the industrial and rural area PM2.5. Glutathione-S-transferase activity was increased in groups exposed to the 5× and concentrated rural PM2.5. Additionally, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter activity in the cardiac tissue exposed to PM2.5 was reduced in response to the 5× dilution of the rural and industrial region PM2.5. Histological analysis showed a decrease in the percentage of cardiac cells in the heart at all tested concentrations. The results indicate that exposure to different concentrations of PM2.5 from both sources causes biochemical and histological changes in the heart with consequent damage to biological structures; these factors can favor the development of cardiac diseases.
authors: Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
authors: Joaquim de Paula
authors: JP
authors: Ribeiro
authors: Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
authors: Ana Cristina
authors: AC
authors: Kalb
authors: Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors: Paula Peixoto
authors: PP
authors: Campos
authors: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Departamento de Química, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors: Alex Rubén Huaman De La
authors: ARH
authors: Cruz
authors: Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
authors: Pablo Elias
authors: PE
authors: Martinez
authors: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Departamento de Química, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors: Adriana
authors: A
authors: Gioda
authors: Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
authors: Marta Marques de
authors: MM
authors: Souza
authors: Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: carolinagioda@furg.br.
authors: Carolina Rosa
authors: CR
authors: Gioda
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000378:metabolism*; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D001938:Brazil; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D000393:Air Pollutants; D000975:Antioxidants; D008055:Lipids; D008670:Metals; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: ABC transporters; Antioxidant capacity; Bioaccumulation; Heart; Oxidative stress; Particulate matter