title: Influence of cultivation sites on sterol, nitrate, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity in endive and stem chicory edible products.
abstract: Chicories produce a wide range of vegetables with important nutritional value. We determined the variation of sterol, total polyphenol, nitrate contents and antioxidant capacity (SC, TPC, NC, AC) in endive leaves and stem-chicory novel vegetables, cultivated in two Italian regions. Within a given area, the SC was similar in smooth- and curly leafed endives (106.3-176.0 mg/kg FW); sitosterol and stigmasterol were major fractions (45-56 versus 38-43%). The stem SC was independent of landrace (101.5-118.6 mg/kg FW); sitosterol prevailed on stigmasterol and fucosterol (73-76 versus 12-14% versus 8-9%); the latter reached 15.7 mg/kg FW, conferring value as potential antidiabetes food. The planting site affected the AC and TPC of endives (893.1-1571.4 μmTE/100 g FW, 30.8-76.1 GAE100/g FW) and chicory stems (729.8-1152.5 μmTE/100 g FW; 56.2-124.4 GAE100/g FW), while the NC was recurrently below dangerous thresholds. PCA showed that environment was the major cause of variation, though it modestly affected these parameters.
authors: a Institute of Chemical Methodologies (IMC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR) , Monterotondo Scalo ( RM ), Italy.
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: D'Acunzo
authors: b Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Unit of Rome, National Research Council of Italy (CNR) , Monterotondo Scalo (RM) , Italy.
authors: Donato
authors: D
authors: Giannino
authors: c Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA) ? Unit of Pisa, National Research Council of Italy (CNR) , Pisa , Italy.
authors: Vincenzo
authors: V
authors: Longo
authors: c Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA) ? Unit of Pisa, National Research Council of Italy (CNR) , Pisa , Italy.
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Ciardi
authors: b Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Unit of Rome, National Research Council of Italy (CNR) , Monterotondo Scalo (RM) , Italy.
authors: Giulio
authors: G
authors: Testone
authors: b Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Unit of Rome, National Research Council of Italy (CNR) , Monterotondo Scalo (RM) , Italy.
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: Mele
authors: b Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Unit of Rome, National Research Council of Italy (CNR) , Monterotondo Scalo (RM) , Italy.
authors: Chiara
authors: C
authors: Nicolodi
authors: d Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR) , Bari , Italy.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Gonnella
authors: d Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR) , Bari , Italy.
authors: Massimiliano
authors: M
authors: Renna
authors: e Enza Zaden Research Italia , Tarquinia ( VT ), Italy.
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Arnesi
authors: e Enza Zaden Research Italia , Tarquinia ( VT ), Italy.
authors: Alessandro
authors: A
authors: Schiappa
authors: a Institute of Chemical Methodologies (IMC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR) , Monterotondo Scalo ( RM ), Italy.
authors: Ornella
authors: O
authors: Ursini
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018651:Cichorium intybus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D000069599:Crop Production; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D005506:Food Contamination; D055951:Functional Food / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009753:Nutritive Value; D000072257:Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012855:Sitosterols / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D062211:Spatio-Temporal Analysis; D013045:Species Specificity; D013265:Stigmasterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D009566:Nitrates; D010636:Phenols; D010840:Phytosterols; D012855:Sitosterols; C015896:fucosterol; C025473:gamma-sitosterol; D013265:Stigmasterol
keywords: Phytosterols; antioxidant capacity; endive; nitrate content; novel vegetables; stem-chicory; total phenolic content