title: Fecal Incontinence: Epidemiology, Impact, and Treatment.
abstract: Fecal incontinence (FI) is a chronic and debilitating condition that carries a significant health, economic, and social burden. FI has a considerable psychosocial and financial impact on patients and their families. A variety of treatment modalities are available for FI including behavioral and dietary modifications, pharmacotherapy, pelvic floor physical therapy, bulking agents, anal sphincteroplasty, sacral nerve stimulation, artificial sphincters, magnetic sphincters, posterior anal sling, and colostomy.
authors: Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors: Katarzyna
authors: K
authors: Bochenska
authors: Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors: Anne-Marie
authors: AM
authors: Boller
keywords: anal sphincter repair; fecal incontinence; treatment