title: Hypolipidemic activities of xanthorrhizol purified from centrifugal TLC.
abstract: Hyperlipidemia is defined as the presence of either hypertriglyceridemia or hypercholesterolemia, which could cause atherosclerosis. Although hyperlipidemia can be treated by hypolipidemic drugs, they are limited due to lack of effectiveness and safety. Previous studies demonstrated that xanthorrhizol (XNT) isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhizza Roxb. reduced the levels of free fatty acid and triglyceride in vivo. However, its ability to inhibit cholesterol uptake in HT29 colon cells and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells are yet to be reported. In this study, XNT purified from centrifugal TLC demonstrated 98.3% purity, indicating it could be an alternative purification method. The IC50 values of XNT were 30.81 ± 0.78 μg/mL in HT29 cells and 35.07 ± 0.24 μg/mL in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, respectively. Cholesterol uptake inhibition study using HT29 colon cells showed that XNT (15 μg/mL) significantly inhibited the fluorescent cholesterol analogue NBD uptake by up to 27 ± 3.1% relative to control. On the other hand, higher concentration of XNT (50 μg/mL) significantly suppressed the growth of 3T3-L1 adipocytes (5.9 ± 0.58%) compared to 3T3-L1 preadipocytes (81.31 ± 0.55%). XNT was found to impede adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner from 3.125 to 12.5 μg/mL, where 12.5 μg/mL significantly suppressed 36.13 ± 2.1% of lipid accumulation. We postulate that inhibition of cholesterol uptake, adipogenesis, preadipocyte and adipocyte number may be utilized as treatment modalities to reduce the prevalence of lipidemia. To conclude, XNT could be a potential hypolipidemic agent to improve cardiovascular health in the future.
authors: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: seokfang@live.com.
authors: Seok Fang
authors: SF
authors: Oon
authors: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: meenakshii@upm.edu.my.
authors: Meenakshii
authors: M
authors: Nallappan
authors: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: kartinee@upm.edu.my.
authors: Nur Kartinee
authors: NK
authors: Kassim
authors: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: shamarina@upm.edu.my.
authors: Shamarina
authors: S
authors: Shohaimi
authors: School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: shazrul@ukm.edu.my.
authors: Mohd Shazrul Fazry
authors: MS
authors: Sa'ariwijaya
authors: ZACH Biotech Depot Sdn. Bhd., 43300 Cheras, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: thiamtsu@zachbio.com.
authors: Thiam Tsui
authors: TT
authors: Tee
authors: ZACH Biotech Depot Sdn. Bhd., 43300 Cheras, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: yhcheah@zachbio.com.
authors: Yew Hoong
authors: YH
authors: Cheah
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D009327:4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002498:Centrifugation; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: C077527:7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-ylcholesterol; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D010636:Phenols; C120248:xanthorrhizol; D002784:Cholesterol; D009327:4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan
keywords: 3T3-L1 adipocytes; Adipogenesis; Centrifugal TLC; Cholesterol; HT29 colon cells; Xanthorrhizol