title: [Application of digital 3D technique combined with nanocarbon-aided navigation in endoscopic sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the clinical value of digital 3D technique combined with nanocarbon-aided navigation in endoscopic sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine female patients with stage I/II breast cancer admitted in our hospital between September 2014 and September 2015 were recruited. CT lymphography data of the patients were segmented to reconstruct digital 3D models, which were imported into FreeForm Modeling Surgical System Platform for visual simulation surgery before operation. Endoscopic sentinel lymph node biopsy and endoscopic axillary lymph node dissection were then carried out, and the accuracy and clinical value of digital 3D technique in endoscopic sentinel lymph node biopsy were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  s The 3D models faithfully represented the surgical anatomy of the patients and clearly displayed the 3D relationship among the sentinel lymph nodes, axillary lymph nodes, axillary vein, pectoralis major, pectoralis minor muscle and latissimus dorsi. In the biopsy, the detection rate of sentinel lymph nodes was 100% in the patients with a coincidence rate of 87.18% (34/39), a sensitivity of 91.67% (11/12), and a false negative rate of 8.33% (1/12). Complications such as limb pain, swelling, wound infection, and subcutaneouseroma were not found in these patients 6 months after the operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic sentinel lymph node biopsy assisted by digital 3D technique and nanocarbon-aided navigation allows a high detection rate of sentinel lymph nodes with a high sensitivity and a low false negative rate and can serve as a new method for sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer.
authors: Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China. E-mail: pushion@qq.com.
authors: Pu-Sheng
authors: PS
authors: Zhang
authors: Yun-Feng
authors: YF
authors: Luo
authors: Jin-Long
authors: JL
authors: Yu
authors: Chi-Hua
authors: CH
authors: Fang
authors: Fu-Jun
authors: FJ
authors: Shi
authors: Jian-Wen
authors: JW
authors: Deng
mesh_terms: D001365:Axilla; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D053758:Nanoparticles; D000071036:Sentinel Lymph Node / Q000473:pathology*; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy