title: Pierre Robin sequence: Subdivision, data, theories, and treatment - Part 4: Recommended management and treatment of Pierre Robin sequence and its application.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The disorder currently accepted as Pierre Robin syndrome/anomaly/sequence (PRS) has been plagued by controversy ever since initially being described. Controversy exists not only about the appropriate terminology and etiopathogenesis of the disorder but also about its management. Therefore, clinical findings and treatment outcomes of a large database of 266 PRS cases were compared with the current state of knowledge in the scientific literature related to history, clinical description, diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, theories of oligohydramnios, mandibular catch-up growth, midfacial hyperplasia, and early management.
  To provide a systematic treatment protocol for Fairbairn-Robin triad (FRT) and Siebold Robin sequence (SRS) patients based on clinical findings and experience with 266 PRS cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A plethora of treatment modalities and their outcome in literature have been compared to those applied in this database and their outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The management of SRS/FRT depends on various factors including compromised airways, feeding difficulties, as well as the sequence of the reconstructive ladder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the novel PRS subdivisions, a stepwise sequential treatment approach is outlined, addressing the particular needs of each disorder systematically.
authors: Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Facial Cleft Deformity Clinic, University of Pretoria, Durban, South Africa; Suite A2-Maxillofacial Surgery, The Wilgers Hospital, Pretoria, Durban, South Africa; Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
authors: Kurt-W
authors: KW
authors: Bütow
authors: Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Facial Cleft Deformity Clinic, University of Pretoria, Durban, South Africa.
authors: Sharan
authors: S
authors: Naidoo
authors: Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
authors: Roger Arthur
authors: RA
authors: Zwahlen
authors: Department Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors: Jean A
authors: JA
authors: Morkel
keywords: Fairbairn–Robin triad; Pierre Robin sequence; Siebold Robin sequence; management; treatment