title: Development of a novel ultrasonic-assisted magnetic dispersive solid-phase microextraction method coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for determination of mirtazapine and its metabolites in human urine and water samples employing experimental design.
abstract: Ultrasonic-assisted magnetic dispersive solid-phase microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography has been developed for extraction and determination of mirtazapine, N-desmethyl mirtazapine, and 8-hydroxy mirtazapine in human urine and water samples. Magnetic graphene oxide-polyaniline nanocomposite (MGOPA) as a novel SPME sorbent was synthesized and used for the microextraction process. The analytical performance of MGOPA was compared with magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite and indicated that the new sorbent was quite effective for extraction of mirtazapine, N-desmethyl mirtazapine, and 8-hydroxy mirtazapine. A two-stage experimental design approach, Plackett-Burman screening design and Box-Behnken optimization design, was used for screening and optimizing of significant variables in the microextraction process. The practical applicability of the proposed method was assessed by studying the linearity, intra-day and inter-day accuracy, enrichment factor, and precision. This method can be satisfactorily applied to the determination of mirtazapine and its metabolites in human urine and environmental water samples. Graphical Abstract Magnetic graphene oxide-polyaniline nanocomposite.
authors: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
authors: Mahdi
authors: M
authors: Ghorbani
authors: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. mchamsaz@gmail.com.
authors: Mahmoud
authors: M
authors: Chamsaz
authors: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
authors: Gholam Hossein
authors: GH
authors: Rounaghi
authors: Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
authors: Mohsen
authors: M
authors: Aghamohammadhasani
authors: Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
authors: Orkideh
authors: O
authors: Seyedin
authors: Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
authors: Nahid Afshar
authors: NA
authors: Lahoori
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000652:urine*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D059346:Magnets; D008803:Mianserin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D000078785:Mirtazapine; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D013010:Sonication; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D010087:Oxides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C517416:desmethylmirtazapine; C416807:polyaniline; D008803:Mianserin; D006108:Graphite; D000078785:Mirtazapine; C415843:8-hydroxymirtazapine
keywords: Box-Behnken design; Dispersive solid-phase microextraction; Graphene oxide nanocomposite; High performance liquid chromatography; Mirtazapine; Plackett-Burman design