title: Nodal Disease Burden for Early-Stage Oral Cancer.
abstract: Nodal disease has a significant effect on survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The decision for elective neck dissection for clinically node-negative (cN0) disease remains elusive.
  
  
  
  To determine the efficacy of prophylactic neck treatment and to assess the value of commonly used clinicopathologic factors associated with nodal disease for early-stage OSCC.
  
  
  
  This retrospective study from a population-based cancer registry included patients diagnosed as having OSCC from January 11, 2001, to December 24, 2007, who were identified from the British Columbia Cancer Agency Registry. Comprehensive clinicopathologic data, treatment information, and time to outcome were collected. Five-year overall survival, disease-specific survival, and cumulative incidence of regional failure (RF) were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis with sensitivity and specificity was used to determine the association of these covariates with RF during follow-up. Data were analyzed from January 16 to June 30, 2015.
  
  
  
  Follow-up of patients with cN0 OSCC with or without prophylactic neck treatment (elective neck dissection [END] and or radiotherapy).
  
  
  
  Patient demographic characteristics, clinicopathologic data, treatment data, and time from the initial surgery to last follow-up, the development of RF, or death due to oral cancer or other causes.
  
  
  
  Of the 469 patients with cN0 primary OSCC who underwent intent-to-cure surgery for the intraoral lesion, 447 received local excision (LE) for the primary tumor (256 men [57.3%] and 191 women [42.7%]; mean [SD] age, 63.3 [14.7] years). Patients who received prophylactic treatment of the neck (n = 125) compared with LE only (n = 322) had no survival advantage. The estimated 5-year overall and disease-specific survival rates were 61.9% (95% CI, 56.5%-67.8%) and 80.8% (95% CI, 76.1%-85.6%), respectively, for the LE-only group; 54.4% (95% CI, 45.9%-64.5%) and 73.1% (95% CI, 65%-82.3%), respectively, for the LE + END ± radiotherapy group; and 61.7% (95% CI, 52.3%-72.8%) and 80.3% (95% CI, 72%-89.4%), respectively, for the LE + END group. Among the patients with cN0 disease receiving LE only, 89 (27.6%; 95% CI, 23%-33%) developed RF at a median time of 10.8 months, and 71 of the RFs (79.8%) developed within 30 months. Tumor depth of invasion of at least 4 mm and tumor grade of 2 or 3 showed an association with RF but had poor sensitivity and specificity.
  
  
  
  Commonly used pathologic factors to decide neck dissection for cN0 OSCC are not effective and can cause overtreatment or undertreatment. The need for identification of new objective approaches for risk assessment of RF is urgent.
authors: Department of Oral Medical Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada2Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors: Kelly Yi Ping
authors: KY
authors: Liu
authors: Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors: J Scott
authors: JS
authors: Durham
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors: Jonn
authors: J
authors: Wu
authors: Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors: Donald W
authors: DW
authors: Anderson
authors: Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors: Eitan
authors: E
authors: Prisman
authors: Department of Oral Medical Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada2Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada5Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors: Catherine F
authors: CF
authors: Poh
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D037981:Neck Dissection; D012372:ROC Curve; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment