title: Geographical origin authentication of pork using multi-element and multivariate data analyses.
abstract: In the recent years, consumers have become increasingly concerned about the authenticity and labeling claims associated with meat and meat based products. In this study, investigating geographical origin authenticity of pork, 323 samples of pork belly were collected from Korea, USA, Germany, Austria, Netherlands and Belgium. These were analyzed for twenty-nine macro and trace elements using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and ICP-mass spectrometry (MS). The applied analytical techniques were validated by quality assurance parameters in which the values of correlation coefficient, limits of detection and quantification, precision, and spiking recovery confirmed that the methods were well efficient and in accordance to the criteria set by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) for metals analysis. From the results of multivariate analyses, it was found that the trace elements are promising constituents which could be used to accurately determine the inter-continental provenance of pork.
authors: Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jae Sung
authors: JS
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 503-360, Republic of Korea.
authors: In Min
authors: IM
authors: Hwang
authors: Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea.
authors: Ga Hyun
authors: GH
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yu Min
authors: YM
authors: Park
authors: Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea.
authors: Ji Yeon
authors: JY
authors: Choi
authors: Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea.
authors: Nargis
authors: N
authors: Jamila
authors: Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
authors: Naeem
authors: N
authors: Khan
authors: Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kskim@chosun.ac.kr.
authors: Kyong Su
authors: KS
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001317:Austria; D001530:Belgium; D002138:Calibration; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005843:Geography; D005858:Germany; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009426:Netherlands; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D000069466:Red Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D056910:Republic of Korea; D013552:Swine; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D014131:Trace Elements
keywords: Germany; Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS); Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES); Korea; Linear discriminant analysis; Pork