title: Acute-phase proteins and incidence of diabetes: a population-based cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between plasma levels of the acute-phase proteins ceruloplasmin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, orosomucoid, haptoglobin and C-reactive protein (CRP), and incidence of diabetes in the population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer Study-Cardiovascular Cohort (MDCS-CC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consists of 4246 participants (aged 46-67 years, 60.8 % women) with no previous history of diabetes. Participants were followed, and incidence of diabetes was assessed by linkage with national registers and a clinical re-examination of the cohort. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to compare incidence of diabetes in relation to sex-specific quartiles of the acute-phase proteins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a mean follow-up period of 15.6 ± 3.4 years, a total of 390 participants were diagnosed with diabetes. Orosomucoid, haptoglobin, and CRP showed a significant increased risk of diabetes after adjustment for potential confounders. However, further adjustments for fasting glucose at baseline resulted in significant association only for CRP. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR: 4th vs. 1st quartile) were 1.18 (95 % CI: 0.83-1.67; p = 0.51), 1.19 (CI: 0.85-1.62; p = 0.10), and 1.40 (CI: 1.01-1.95; p = 0.046) for orosomucoid, haptoglobin, and CRP respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrated that there are associations between orosomucoid, haptoglobin and CRP and the risk of incidence of diabetes. However, after additional adjustment for fasting glucose levels at baseline, the association stayed significant only for CRP.
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, CRC 60:13, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.
authors: Iram Faqir
authors: IF
authors: Muhammad
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, CRC 60:13, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Borné
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, CRC 60:13, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.
authors: Bo
authors: B
authors: Hedblad
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, CRC 60:13, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.
authors: Peter M
authors: PM
authors: Nilsson
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, CRC 60:13, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.
authors: Margaretha
authors: M
authors: Persson
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, CRC 60:13, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden. Gunnar.Engstrom@med.lu.se.
authors: Gunnar
authors: G
authors: Engström
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D000368:Aged; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D002570:Ceruloplasmin / Q000032:analysis; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009961:Orosomucoid / Q000032:analysis*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D006242:Haptoglobins; D009961:Orosomucoid; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002570:Ceruloplasmin
keywords: Acute-phase proteins; Alpha-1-antitrypsin; CRP; Ceruloplasmin; Diabetes; Haptoglobin; Incidence; Orosomucoid