title: Altered Transcription and Neofunctionalization of Duplicated Genes Rescue the Harmful Effects of a Chimeric Gene inBrassica napus.
abstract: Chimeric genes contribute to the evolution of diverse functions in plants and animals. However, new chimeric genes also increase the risk of developmental defects. Here, we show that the chimeric geneBrassica napus male sterile 4(Bnams4b) is responsible for genic male sterility in the widely used canola line 7365A (Bnams3 ms3ms4bms4b).Bnams4boriginated via exon shuffling ∼4.6 million years ago. It causes defects in the normal functions of plastids and induces aborted anther formation and/or albino leaves and buds. Evidence of the age of the mutation, its tissue expression pattern, and its sublocalization indicated that it coevolved withBnaC9.Tic40(BnaMs3). InArabidopsis thaliana,Bnams4bresults in complete male sterility that can be rescued byBnaC9.Tic40, suggesting thatBnaC9.Tic40might restore fertility through effects on protein level. Another suppressor gene,Bnams4a, rescues sterility by reducing the level of transcription ofBnams4bOur results suggest thatBrassicaplants have coevolved altered transcription patterns and neofunctionalization of duplicated genes that can block developmental defects resulting from detrimental chimeric genes.
authors: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Sub-Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors: Shengqian
authors: S
authors: Xia
authors: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Sub-Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors: Zhixin
authors: Z
authors: Wang
authors: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Sub-Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors: Haiyan
authors: H
authors: Zhang
authors: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Sub-Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors: Kaining
authors: K
authors: Hu
authors: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Sub-Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors: Zhiqiang
authors: Z
authors: Zhang
authors: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Sub-Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors: Maomao
authors: M
authors: Qin
authors: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Sub-Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors: Xiaoling
authors: X
authors: Dun
authors: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Sub-Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Yi
authors: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Sub-Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Wen
authors: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Sub-Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors: Chaozhi
authors: C
authors: Ma
authors: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Sub-Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors: Jinxiong
authors: J
authors: Shen
authors: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Sub-Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors: Tingdong
authors: T
authors: Fu
authors: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Sub-Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China tujx@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors: Jinxing
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5131-4526
authors: J
authors: Tu