title: Degradation of benzotriazole and benzothiazole in treatment wetlands and by artificial sunlight.
abstract: Laboratory-scale experiments were performed using unsaturated subsurface-flow treatment wetlands and artificial sunlight (with and without TiO2) to study the efficiency of benzotriazole and benzothiazole removal and possible integration of these treatment methods. Transformation products in the effluent from the treatment wetlands and the artificial sunlight reactor were identified by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The removal of benzothiazole in the vegetated treatment wetlands was 99.7%, whereas the removal of benzotriazole was 82.8%. The vegetation positively affected only the removal of benzothiazole. The major transformation products in the effluents from the treatment wetlands were methylated and hydroxylated derivatives of benzotriazole, and hydroxylated derivatives of benzothiazole. Hydroxylation was found to be the main process governing the transformation pathway for both compounds in the artificial sunlight experiment (with and without TiO2). Benzotriazole was not found to be susceptible to photodegradation in the absence of TiO2. The integration of the sunlight-induced processes (with TiO2) with subsurface-flow treatment wetlands caused further elimination of the compounds (42% for benzotriazole and 58% for benzothiazole). This was especially significant for the elimination of benzotriazole, because the removal of this compound was 96% in the coupled processes.
authors: Centre for Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, ul. B. Krzywoustego 8, PL-44-100, Gliwice, Poland; Environmental Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Power and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Akademicka 2, PL-44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
authors: Ewa
authors: E
authors: Felis
authors: Centre for Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, ul. B. Krzywoustego 8, PL-44-100, Gliwice, Poland; Environmental Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Power and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Akademicka 2, PL-44-100, Gliwice, Poland. Electronic address: adam.sochacki@polsl.pl.
authors: Adam
authors: A
authors: Sochacki
authors: Centre for Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, ul. B. Krzywoustego 8, PL-44-100, Gliwice, Poland; Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, ul. M. Strzody 7, PL-44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
authors: Sylwia
authors: S
authors: Magiera
mesh_terms: D052160:Benzothiazoles; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D013472:Sunlight; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D052160:Benzothiazoles; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Constructed wetlands; Corrosion inhibitors; Micropollutants; Photodegradation; Titanium dioxide; Transformation products