title: Mechanisms of Axonal Damage and Repair after Central Nervous System Injury.
abstract: Central nervous system (CNS) injury initiates spatial and temporal neurodegeneration. Under pathologic conditions, damaged glial cells cannot supply sufficient metabolites to neurons, leading to energy deficiency for neuronal axons. The widespread disruption of cellular membranes causes disturbed intracellular signaling via dysregulated ionic gradients in neurons. Although several deleterious cascades are activated during the acute phase of CNS injury, some compensatory responses may tend to promote axonal repair during the chronic/remodeling phase. Because it may not be easy to block all multifactorial neurodegenerative pathways after CNS injury, supporting or boosting endogenous regenerative mechanisms would be an important therapeutic approach for CNS diseases. In this mini-review, we briefly but broadly introduce basic mechanisms that trigger axonal degeneration and then discuss potential targets for promoting axonal regeneration after CNS injury.
authors: Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MGH East 149-2401, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
authors: Naohiro
authors: N
authors: Egawa
authors: Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MGH East 149-2401, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.|Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Josephine
authors: J
authors: Lok
authors: Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MGH East 149-2401, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
authors: Kazuo
authors: K
authors: Washida
authors: Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MGH East 149-2401, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA. karai@partners.org.
authors: Ken
authors: K
authors: Arai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001369:Axons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000293:injuries* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000378:metabolism; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000502:physiology; D012038:Regeneration; D015398:Signal Transduction
keywords: Axonal regeneration; Axonal repair; CNS injury