title: Image-guided radiotherapy for prostate cancer with cone beam CT: dosimetric effects of imaging frequency and PTV margin.
abstract: This study assesses the effect of frequency of cone beam CT (CBCT) verification imaging on dose-volume parameters during image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) for prostate cancer. It also investigates the dosimetric impact of reducing the planning target volume (PTV) margin, when daily imaging is used.
  
  
  
  844 CBCT images from 20 patients undergoing radical prostate radiotherapy were included. Patients received a dose of 74Gy in 37 fractions using 7-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Clinical target volume (CTV) and organs at risk were contoured manually on each slice of every CBCT image. A daily online CBCT verification schedule was compared with a protocol of verification on days 1-3 followed by weekly online imaging. PTV margins of 3mm, 5mm, and 7mm were compared for the daily imaging protocol.
  
  
  
  90% of patients had improved target coverage with daily online in comparison to weekly online imaging. A median of 37 fractions per treatment course achieved CTV coverage with daily imaging compared to 34 fractions with a weekly online protocol. 80% of patients had a reduction in rectal dose with the daily protocol. PTV margin reduction to 5mm with adequate target coverage was feasible with daily imaging.
  
  
  
  Daily online CBCT verification improves CTV coverage and reduces rectal dose during IGRT for prostate cancer. Tighter PTV margins could be considered with daily CBCT use.
authors: Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, United Kingdom. Electronic address: hemal.ariyaratne@nhs.net.
authors: Hemal
authors: H
authors: Ariyaratne
authors: Radiation Oncology Centres Maroochydore, Australia.
authors: Hayley
authors: H
authors: Chesham
authors: Proton Partners International, Newport, United Kingdom.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Pettingell
authors: Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, United Kingdom.
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Alonzi
mesh_terms: D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D061089:Radiotherapy, Image-Guided / Q000379:methods; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000379:methods
keywords: Cone beam CT; Image-guided radiotherapy; PTV margin; Prostate cancer; Verification imaging