title: Update on novel targets and potential treatment avenues in pulmonary hypertension.
abstract: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a condition marked by a combination of constriction and remodeling within the pulmonary vasculature. It remains a disease without a cure, as current treatments were developed with a focus on vasodilatory properties but do not reverse the remodeling component. Numerous recent advances have been made in the understanding of cellular processes that drive pathologic remodeling in each layer of the vessel wall as well as the accompanying maladaptive changes in the right ventricle. In particular, the past few years have yielded much improved insight into the pathways that contribute to altered metabolism, mitochondrial function, and reactive oxygen species signaling and how these pathways promote the proproliferative, promigratory, and antiapoptotic phenotype of the vasculature during PH. Additionally, there have been significant advances in numerous other pathways linked to PH pathogenesis, such as sex hormones and perivascular inflammation. Novel insights into cellular pathology have suggested new avenues for the development of both biomarkers and therapies that will hopefully bring us closer to the elusive goal: a therapy leading to reversal of disease.
authors: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and.
authors: John C
authors: JC
authors: Huetsch
authors: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and.
authors: Karthik
authors: K
authors: Suresh
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors: Meghan
authors: M
authors: Bernier
authors: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and lshimod1@jhmi.edu.
authors: Larissa A
authors: LA
authors: Shimoda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D008954:Models, Biological; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: pulmonary arterial hypertension; remodeling; vascular