title: Reactions to Testing HIV Negative: Measurement and Associations with Sexual Risk Behaviour Among Young MSM Who Recently Tested HIV Negative.
abstract: Receiving an HIV-positive test result is associated with reduced condomless anal sex (CAS), but little is known about negative test results. The recent development of the Inventory of Reactions to Testing HIV Negative confirmed that there are diverse reactions to receiving a negative test result, which have implications for risk behaviour. The goals of the current study were to validate the measure in a sample of young men who have sex with men who recently tested HIV-negative (N = 1113) and to examine its associations with CAS. Factor analysis identified four factors, three of which were the same as the original factors (Reinforced Safety, Luck, and Invulnerability) and one that was novel (Reinforced Risk). Construct validity was demonstrated with associations between subscales and constructs from the IMB model of HIV prevention. Lower Reinforced Safety and higher Luck and Reinforced Risk were associated with more CAS. Associations between Reinforced Safety and Luck with CAS were stronger for those who reported more lifetime HIV tests. Findings highlight the importance of reactions to testing HIV-negative and suggest that they become more important with repeated testing.
authors: Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N Michigan Ave Suite 2700, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.|Northwestern University Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors: Brian A
authors: BA
authors: Feinstein
authors: Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
authors: Brent A
authors: BA
authors: Johnson
authors: Departments of Psychology and Public Health, Hunter College and the Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.|Center for HIV/AIDS Educational Studies and Training, New York, NY, USA.
authors: Jeffrey T
authors: JT
authors: Parsons
authors: Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N Michigan Ave Suite 2700, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. brian@northwestern.edu.|Northwestern University Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Chicago, IL, USA. brian@northwestern.edu.
authors: Brian
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9222-5116
authors: B
authors: Mustanski
mesh_terms: D015492:AIDS Serodiagnosis; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D011594:Psychometrics; D012309:Risk-Taking; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D047568:Unsafe Sex / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: HIV; Risk behaviour; Testing; Young men who have sex with men