title: Peptidome analysis of human milk from women delivering macrosomic fetuses reveals multiple means of protection for infants.
abstract: Breastfeeding is associated with a lower incidence of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease later in life. While macrosomic infants have a higher risk of developing obesity and other metabolic disorders. Breast milk may contain special nutrients to meet the different growth needs of different infants. Whether mothers make breast milk different to meet the requirement of macrosomic infants is still unknown. Here, we conducted a comparison between mothers delivering macrosomic and non-macrosomic infants in colostrum endogenous peptides. More than 400 peptides, originating from at least 34 protein precursors, were identified by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS). Out of these, 29 peptides found to be significant differently expressed (|fold change| ≥ 3, P < 0.01). Blastp analysis revealed 41 peptides may have established biological activities, which exhibit immunomodulating, antibacterial action, antioxidation, opioid agonist and antihypertensive activity. Furthermore, we found that peptide located at β-Casein 24-38 AA has antimicrobial effect against E. coli, Y. enterocolitica and S. aureus. While, κ-Casein 89-109 AA-derived peptide plays as a regulator of preadipocyte proliferation. The profile of endogenous peptides from macrosomic term infants is different from non-macrosomic terms. This different peptide expression potentially has specific physiological function to benefit macrosomic infants. Finally, we believe that our research is a meaningfull finding which may add to the understanding of milk peptide physiological action.
authors: From Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital.
authors: Xianwei
authors: X
authors: Cui
authors: From Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital.
authors: Yun
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: From Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital.
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Yang
authors: From Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital.
authors: Lianghui
authors: L
authors: You
authors: From Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital.
authors: Xing
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: From Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital.
authors: Chunmei
authors: C
authors: Shi
authors: From Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital.
authors: Chenbo
authors: C
authors: Ji
authors: From Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital.
authors: Xirong
authors: X
authors: Guo
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D001942:Breast Feeding; D005260:Female; D005320:Fetal Macrosomia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000032:analysis*; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008894:Milk Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments
keywords: adipocyte proliferation; antibacterial activity; human milk; macrosomic fetuses; peptidomics