title: Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Is Necessary for Ovulation in Female Rhesus Macaques.
abstract: Although the requirement of pituitary-derived LH for ovulation is well documented, the intrafollicular paracrine and autocrine processes elicited by LH necessary for follicle rupture are not fully understood. Evaluating a published rhesus macaque periovulatory transcriptome database revealed that mRNA encoding leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and its downstream signaling effectors are up-regulated in the follicle after animals receive an ovulatory stimulus (human chorionic gonadotropin [hCG]). Follicular LIF mRNA and protein levels are below the limit of detection before the administration of hCG but increase significantly 12 hours thereafter. Downstream LIF receptor (LIFR) signaling components including IL-6 signal transducer, the receptor associated Janus kinase 1, and the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 also exhibit increased expression in the rhesus macaque follicle 12 hours after administration of an ovulatory hCG bolus. A laparoscopic ovarian evaluation 72 hours after the injection of a LIF antagonist (soluble LIFR) into the rhesus macaque preovulatory follicle and hCG administration revealed blocking LIF action prevented ovulation (typically occurs 36-44 h after hCG). Moreover, ovaries removed 52 hours after both hCG and intrafollicular soluble LIFR administration confirmed ovulation was blocked as evidenced by the presence of an intact follicle and a trapped cumulus-oocyte complex. These findings give new insight into the role of LIF in the primate ovary and could lead to the development of new approaches for the control of fertility.
authors: Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences (M.J.M., N.G.H., P.A.R., J.D.H.), Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (P.A.R., J.D.H.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239.
authors: Melinda J
authors: MJ
authors: Murphy
authors: Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences (M.J.M., N.G.H., P.A.R., J.D.H.), Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (P.A.R., J.D.H.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239.
authors: Nathan G
authors: NG
authors: Halow
authors: Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences (M.J.M., N.G.H., P.A.R., J.D.H.), Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (P.A.R., J.D.H.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239.
authors: Pamela A
authors: PA
authors: Royer
authors: Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences (M.J.M., N.G.H., P.A.R., J.D.H.), Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (P.A.R., J.D.H.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239.
authors: Jon D
authors: JD
authors: Hennebold
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000494:pharmacology; D054885:Cumulus Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007118:Immunoassay; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010053:Ovary / Q000378:metabolism; D010060:Ovulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor