title: Shoulder injuries in adolescent rugby players.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rugby is a high-intensity contact sport, frequently causing shoulder injuries. Between the ages of 12 years to 18 years, academy and county level players are being selected for professional contracts, making this is a critical stage of their career. The present study aimed to describe the patterns of injury in adolescent rugby players with shoulder injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academy and county level rugby players in the target age group, over a 7-year period, were included in the present study. Data collected included the mechanism of injury, position and level of play, radiology and surgical findings, and recurrence rate at a minimum of 2 years post-surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and sixty-nine cases adhered to the inclusion criteria, with most cases involving two or more pathologies in the shoulder (54%). Forwards sustained more shoulder injuries than backs, incurring more labral injuries. By contrast, backs had a higher incidence of bony pathology. The mechanism of injury frequently correlated with player positions. There was a 21% injury recurrence rate, with forwards (7%) and higher level academy players (11%) most likely to suffer a recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Shoulder injury patterns in this important group of adolescent contact athletes are complex, with recurrence rates being higher than those in older rugby players.
authors: Horton General Hospital, Banbury, Oxfordshire, UK.
authors: Ghazal
authors: G
authors: Hodhody
authors: College of Health, Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK.
authors: Tanya A
authors: TA
authors: Mackenzie
authors: Upper Limb Unit, Wrightington Hospital, Wigan, UK.
authors: Lennard
authors: L
authors: Funk
keywords: adolescent; mechanism of injury; rugby; shoulder