title: Nanoemulsifying drug delivery system to improve the bioavailability of piroxicam.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to develop and characterize self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of piroxicam in liquid and solid forms to improve its dissolution, absorption and therapeutic efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The generation of liquid SNEDDS (L-SNEDDS) was composed of soybean or coconut oil/Tween 80/Transcutol HP (12/80/8%w/w) and it was selected as the optimized formulation based on the solubility study and pseudo-ternary phase diagram. Optimized L-SNEDDS and liquid supersaturatable SNEDDS (L-sSNEDDS) preparations were then adsorbed onto adsorbents and formulated as directly compressed tablets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The improved drug dissolution rate in the solid supersaturatable preparation (S-sSNEDDS) may be due to the formation of a nanoemulsion and the presence of drug in an amorphous state with hydrogen bond interaction between the drug and SNEDDS components. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies on eight healthy human volunteers showed a significant improvement in the oral bioavailability of piroxicam from S-sSNEDDS (F12) compared with both the pure drug (PP) and its commercial product (Feldene®) (commercial dosage form (CD)). The relative bioavailability of S-sSNEDDS (F12) relative to PP or CD was about 151.01 and 98.96%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The obtained results ratify that S-sSNEDDS is a promising drug delivery system to enhance the oral bioavailability of piroxicam.
authors: a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt.
authors: Amira
authors: A
authors: Motawea
authors: a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt.
authors: Thanaa
authors: T
authors: Borg
authors: b Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt.
authors: Manal
authors: M
authors: Tarshoby
authors: a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt.
authors: Abd El-Gawad H
authors: AE
authors: Abd El-Gawad
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D000074263:Coconut Oil; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods*; D004655:Emulsions; D006801:Humans; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D013607:Tablets
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D010938:Plant Oils; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D013607:Tablets; D010894:Piroxicam; D013024:Soybean Oil; D000074263:Coconut Oil
keywords: Oral; particle size; piroxicam; self-nanoemulsifying system; surfactants