title: The Effects of T4 and A3/R Bacteriophages on Differentiation of Human Myeloid Dendritic Cells.
abstract: Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses of bacteria. Here we evaluated the effects of T4 and A3/R bacteriophages, as well as phage-generated bacterial lysates, on differentiation of human myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) from monocytes. Neither of the phages significantly reduced the expression of markers associated with differentiation of DCs and their role in the activation of T cells (CD40, CD80, CD83, CD86, CD1c, CD11c, MHC II, PD-L1, PD-L2, TLR2, TLR4, and CCR7) and phagocytosis receptors (CD64 and DEC-205). By contrast, bacterial lysate of T4 phage significantly decreased the percentages of DEC-205- and CD1c-positive cells. The percentage of DEC-205-positive cells was also significantly reduced in DCs differentiated in the presence of lysate of A3/R phage. Thus while bacteriophages do not substantially affect differentiation of DCs, some products of phage-induced lysis of bacterial cells may influence the differentiation and potentially also some functions of DCs. Our results have important implications for phage therapy of bacterial infections because during infections monocytes recruited to the site of inflammation are an important source of inflammatory DCs.
authors: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Katarzyna
authors: K
authors: Bocian
authors: Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Borysowski
authors: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Michał
authors: M
authors: Zarzycki
authors: Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Magdalena
authors: M
authors: Pacek
authors: Laboratory of Bacteriophages, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences Wrocław, Poland.
authors: Beata
authors: B
authors: Weber-Dąbrowska
authors: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Maja
authors: M
authors: Machcińska
authors: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland; Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland.
authors: Grażyna
authors: G
authors: Korczak-Kowalska
authors: Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Bacteriophages, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of SciencesWrocław, Poland.
authors: Andrzej
authors: A
authors: Górski
keywords: A3/R; T4; bacteriophage; dendritic cell; differentiation; lysate; phage therapy