title: Single-dose effects on the P3no-go ERP component predict clinical response to stimulants in pediatric ADHD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Approximately 30% of children and adolescents diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and treated with stimulants are considered non-responders (non-REs). Reliable predictors of response are missing. We examined changes in Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) induced by a single dose of stimulant medication in order to predict later clinical response.
  
  
  METHODS
  ERPs were registered twice during performance of a visual cued go/no-go task in 87 ADHD patients (27 girls) aged 8-18years; the second recording on a single dose of stimulant medication, followed by a systematic medication trial lasting 4weeks. Based on the four-week trial, participants were categorized as responders (REs, N=62) or non-REs (N=25). Changes among REs and non-REs in ERP components (cueP3, CNV, P3go, N2no-go, P3no-go) and behavioral-test variables were then compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  REs and non-REs differed significantly in medication-induced changes in P3no-go, cue-P3, CNV, omission errors, reaction time, and reaction-time variability. The largest effect size was found for P3no-go amplitude (p<.001; d=1.76). Changes in P3no-go and omission errors correctly classified 90% of the REs and 76% of the non-REs, when controlling for the age of the participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical response to stimulants can be predicted by assessing single-dose changes in the P3no-go ERP component amplitude.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in P3no-go may be a clinically useful marker of response to stimulants.
authors: Neuropsychiatric Unit, Østfold Hospital Trust, Aasebraatveien 27, 1605 Fredrikstad, Norway; Institute of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway. Electronic address: geir.ogrim@so-hf.no.
authors: Geir
authors: G
authors: Ogrim
authors: Institute of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neuropsychology, Helgeland Hospital, 8656 Mosjøen, Norway. Electronic address: ida.aasen@ntnu.no.
authors: Ida Emilia
authors: IE
authors: Aasen
authors: Institute of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neuropsychology, Helgeland Hospital, 8656 Mosjøen, Norway; Department of Neuroscience, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway. Electronic address: jan.f.brunner@ntnu.no.
authors: Jan Ferenc
authors: JF
authors: Brunner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003913:Dextroamphetamine
keywords: ADHD; ERPs; P3no-go; Predictions; Single-dose-changes; Stimulants