title: Emerging Approaches in Synchrotron Studies of Materials from Cultural and Natural History Collections.
abstract: Synchrotrons have provided significant methods and instruments to study ancient materials from cultural and natural heritages. New ways to visualise (surfacic or volumic) morphologies are developed on the basis of elemental, density and refraction contrasts. They now apply to a wide range of materials, from historic artefacts to paleontological specimens. The tunability of synchrotron beams owing to the high flux and high spectral resolution of photon sources is at the origin of the main chemical speciation capabilities of synchrotron-based techniques. Although, until recently, photon-based speciation was mainly applicable to inorganic materials, novel developments based, for instance, on STXM and deep UV photoluminescence bring new opportunities to study speciation in organic and hybrid materials, such as soaps and organometallics, at a submicrometric spatial resolution over large fields of view. Structural methods are also continuously improved and increasingly applied to hierarchically structured materials for which organisation results either from biological or manufacturing processes. High-definition (spectral) imaging appears as the main driving force of the current trend for new synchrotron techniques for research on cultural and natural heritage materials.
authors: IPANEMA, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, Université Paris-Saclay, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France. loic.bertrand@synchrotron-soleil.fr.|Synchrotron SOLEIL, BP 48 Saint-Aubin, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France. loic.bertrand@synchrotron-soleil.fr.
authors: Loïc
authors: L
authors: Bertrand
authors: IMPMC, CNRS UMR 7590, Sorbonne Universités, MNHN, UPMC, IRD UMR 206, 61 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France.
authors: Sylvain
authors: S
authors: Bernard
authors: Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland.
authors: Federica
authors: F
authors: Marone
authors: IPANEMA, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, Université Paris-Saclay, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.|Synchrotron SOLEIL, BP 48 Saint-Aubin, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
authors: Mathieu
authors: M
authors: Thoury
authors: Rathgen-Forschungslabor, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin-Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Schloßstraße 1a, 14059, Berlin, Germany.|Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8220, Laboratoire d'archéologie moléculaire et structurale (LAMS), 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
authors: Ina
authors: I
authors: Reiche
authors: Université Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, 38000, Grenoble, France.|CNRS, LIPHY, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38043, Grenoble, France.|European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043, Grenoble Cedex, France.
authors: Aurélien
authors: A
authors: Gourrier
authors: CEMES, CNRS UPR 8011, Université de Toulouse, 29 rue J. Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France.
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Sciau
authors: Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
authors: Uwe
authors: U
authors: Bergmann
mesh_terms: D001106:Archaeology; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D010163:Paleontology; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D017356:Synchrotrons; D056928:X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals
keywords: Archaeometry; Cultural heritage; Imaging; Palaeontology; Synchrotron