title: Posttranslational modifications of apolipoprotein A-II proteoforms in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II) is the second most abundant protein in high-density lipoprotein particles. However, it exists in plasma in multiple forms. The effect of diabetes on apoA-II proteoforms is not known.
  
  
  
  Our objective was to characterize plasma apoA-II proteoforms in participants with and without type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  
  Using a novel mass spectrometric immunoassay, the relative abundance of apoA-II proteoforms was examined in plasma of 30 participants with type 2 diabetes and 25 participants without diabetes.
  
  
  
  Six apoA-II proteoforms (monomer, truncated TQ monomer, truncated Q monomer, dimer, truncated Q dimer, and truncated 2Qs dimer) and their oxidized proteoforms were identified. The ratios of oxidized monomer and all oxidized proteoforms to the native apoA-II were significantly greater in the diabetic group (P = .004 and P = .005, respectively) compared with the nondiabetic group.
  
  
  
  The relative abundance of oxidized apoA-II is significantly increased in type 2 diabetes.
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors: Ida
authors: I
authors: Azizkhanian
authors: Biodesign, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
authors: Olgica
authors: O
authors: Trenchevska
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Yara
authors: Y
authors: Bashawri
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors: Jiaqi
authors: J
authors: Hu
authors: Department of Medicine, Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
authors: Juraj
authors: J
authors: Koska
authors: Department of Medicine, Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
authors: Peter D
authors: PD
authors: Reaven
authors: Biodesign, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
authors: Randall W
authors: RW
authors: Nelson
authors: Biodesign, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
authors: Dobrin
authors: D
authors: Nedelkov
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: hyassine@usc.edu.
authors: Hussein N
authors: HN
authors: Yassine
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016633:Apolipoprotein A-II / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational
chemical_list: D016633:Apolipoprotein A-II
keywords: Apolipoprotein A-II; Diabetes; Mass spectrometry; Oxidations