title: Faraday cage-type electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of Vibrio vulnificus based on multi-functionalized graphene oxide.
abstract: A novel Faraday cage-type electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor devoted to the detection of Vibrio vulnificus (VV) was fabricated. The sensing strategy was presented by a unique Faraday cage-type immunocomplex based on immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) and multi-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) labeled with (2,2'-bipyridine)(5-aminophenanthroline)ruthenium (Ru-NH2). The multi-functionalized GO could sit on the electrode surface directly due to the large surface area, abundant functional groups, and good electronic transport property. It ensures that more Ru-NH2 is entirely caged and become "effective," thus improving sensitivity significantly, which resembles extending the outer Helmholtz plane (OHP) of the electrode. Under optimal conditions, the developed immunosensor achieves a limit of detection as low as 1 CFU/mL. Additionally, the proposed immunosensor with high sensitivity and selectivity can be used for the detection of real samples. The novel Faraday cage-type method has shown potential application for the diagnosis of VV and opens up a new avenue in ECL immunoassay. Graphical abstract Faraday cage-type immunoassay mode for ultrasensitive detection by extending OHP.
authors: Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhèjiāng, 315211, China. guozhiyong@nbu.edu.cn.
authors: Zhiyong
authors: Z
authors: Guo
authors: Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhèjiāng, 315211, China.
authors: Yuhong
authors: Y
authors: Sha
authors: Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhèjiāng, 315211, China.
authors: Yufang
authors: Y
authors: Hu
authors: Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhèjiāng, 315211, China.
authors: Zhongqing
authors: Z
authors: Yu
authors: Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhèjiāng, 315211, China.
authors: Yingying
authors: Y
authors: Tao
authors: Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhèjiāng, 315211, China.
authors: Yanjie
authors: Y
authors: Wu
authors: Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhèjiāng, 315211, China.
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Zeng
authors: Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhèjiāng, 315211, China.
authors: Sui
authors: S
authors: Wang
authors: Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhèjiāng, 315211, China.
authors: Xing
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhèjiāng, 315211, China.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Zhou
authors: School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhèjiāng, 315211, China. suxiurong@nbu.edu.cn.
authors: Xiurong
authors: X
authors: Su
mesh_terms: D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D018189:Immunomagnetic Separation / Q000379:methods*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D010618:Phenanthrolines / Q000737:chemistry*; D017747:Seafood / Q000382:microbiology*; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D041261:Vibrio vulnificus / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D010087:Oxides; D010618:Phenanthrolines; C532462:ruthenium aminophenanthroline; D006108:Graphite
keywords: Faraday cage-type electrochemiluminescence immunosensor; Multi-functionalized graphene oxide; Outer Helmholtz plane; Vibrio vulnificus