title: Effects of metformin on bone healing around titanium implants inserted in non-diabetic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of metformin on bone healing around titanium implants inserted in non-diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: control group (n = 10): rats without metformin treatment; MT group (n = 10): rats treated with metformin (40 mg/kg/day by gavage). At thirty days after implant placement, animals were euthanized. Histometric measurements of bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area (BA), in addition to immunohistochemical analysis of the number of cells stained for RANKL and OPG, were assessed in the cortical and medullary areas around implants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentages of BIC and BA in the cortical bone were significantly lower in the MT group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the medullary bone around the implants inserted in the metformin-treated animals exhibited an increased number of RANKL-stained cells than that around the implants inserted in the control animals (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metformin negatively affected osseointegration by reducing the percentages of BIC and BA and increasing the expression of RANKL around titanium implants inserted in non-diabetic rats.
authors: Department of Periodontics, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Marta Ferreira
authors: MF
authors: Bastos
authors: Department of Periodontics, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Caroline Ribeiro
authors: CR
authors: Serrão
authors: Department of Periodontics, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Tamires Szeremeske
authors: TS
authors: Miranda
authors: Department of Periodontics, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Daniele Ferreira
authors: DF
authors: Cruz
authors: Department of Periodontics, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Fernando
authors: F
authors: de Souza Malta
authors: Department of Periodontics, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Poliana Mendes
authors: PM
authors: Duarte
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000069343:Bone-Implant Interface / Q000502:physiology*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D008687:Metformin; D014025:Titanium
keywords: RANK ligand; dental implants; diabetes mellitus; metformin; osseointegration; osteoprotegerin