title: Disrupted Default Mode Network and Basal Craving in Male Heroin-Dependent Individuals: A Resting-State fMRI Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Craving is associated with a high probability of relapse. However, the relationship between functional connectivity in the default mode network (DMN) during resting state and basal craving of heroin-dependent individuals remains unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data used in the present study were collected between August 10, 2009, and June 28, 2011. Twenty-four male heroin-dependent individuals based on DSM-IV criteria and 20 male healthy control subjects participated in a study of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The basal heroin craving of the heroin-dependent group was evaluated. The DMN networks were identified by group independent component analysis. The between-group difference in functional connectivity was analyzed, and the relationship between functional connectivity in the DMN and basal heroin craving in the heroin-dependent group was also analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all subjects, 2 spatially independent default mode subnetworks were identified: the anterior and posterior subnetworks. The anterior subnetwork, mainly the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex, showed decreased functional connectivity in the heroin-dependent group relative to the healthy control group (P < .05, familywise error corrected). However, the functional connectivity in dorsal medial prefrontal cortex was negatively correlated with the basal craving of the heroin group (P = .01, r = -0.50). No significant difference in the functional connectivity of the posterior subnetwork was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that abnormal functional connectivity within the anterior subnetwork of DMN in heroin-dependent individuals is associated with basal heroin craving, and it may serve as neural underpinnings for the mechanism of heroin addiction.
authors: Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors: Qiang
authors: Q
authors: Li
authors: Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors: Zhe
authors: Z
authors: Li
authors: Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Li
authors: School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors: Yarong
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors: Jia
authors: J
authors: Zhu
authors: Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors: Jiajie
authors: J
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors: Yongbin
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors: Xuejiao
authors: X
authors: Yan
authors: Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors: Jianjun
authors: J
authors: Ye
authors: Company 11, Battalion 3, The First Brigade of Cadets, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors: Linbin
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Rd, BaQiao District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China. tdwangw@126.com.|Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.|Department of Psychiatry and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.|College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors: Yijun
authors: Y
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002681:China; D066249:Craving / Q000502:physiology*; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D012016:Reference Values; D013223:Statistics as Topic