title: Combined neonicotinoid pesticide and parasite stress alter honeybee queens' physiology and survival.
abstract: Honeybee colony survival strongly relies on the queen to overcome worker losses exposed to combined stressors like pesticides and parasites. Queen's capacity to withstand these stressors is however very little known. The effects of the common neonicotinoid pesticide imidacloprid in a chronic and sublethal exposure together with the wide distributed parasite Nosema ceranae have therefore been investigated on queen's physiology and survivorship in laboratory and field conditions. Early physiological changes were observed on queens, particularly the increase of enzyme activities (catalase [CAT] and glutathione-S-transferase [GST] in the heads) related to protective responses to xenobiotics and oxidative stress against pesticide and parasite alone or combined. Stressors also alter the activity of two other enzymes (carboxylesterase alpha [CaE α] and carboxylesterase para [CaE p] in the midguts) involved in metabolic and detoxification functions. Furthermore, single and combined effects of pesticide and parasite decrease survivorship of queens introduced into mating hives for three months. Because colony demographic regulation relies on queen's fertility, the compromise of its physiology and life can seriously menace colony survival under pressure of combined stressors.
authors: INRA, UR 406 Abeilles et environnement, 84914, Avignon, France.|INRA, UR 546 Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux, 84914, Avignon, France.|UMT PrADE, Site Agroparc, CS 40509, Avignon, France.
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Dussaubat
authors: INRA, UR 406 Abeilles et environnement, 84914, Avignon, France.|UMT PrADE, Site Agroparc, CS 40509, Avignon, France.|ADAPI (Association pour le développement de l'Apiculture), 22, Avenue Henri Pontier, 13326, Aix en Provence Cedex 1, France.
authors: Alban
authors: A
authors: Maisonnasse
authors: INRA, UR 406 Abeilles et environnement, 84914, Avignon, France.|UMT PrADE, Site Agroparc, CS 40509, Avignon, France.
authors: Didier
authors: D
authors: Crauser
authors: INRA, UR 406 Abeilles et environnement, 84914, Avignon, France.|UMT PrADE, Site Agroparc, CS 40509, Avignon, France.
authors: Sylvie
authors: S
authors: Tchamitchian
authors: INRA, UR 406 Abeilles et environnement, 84914, Avignon, France.|UMT PrADE, Site Agroparc, CS 40509, Avignon, France.
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Bonnet
authors: INRA, UR 406 Abeilles et environnement, 84914, Avignon, France.|UMT PrADE, Site Agroparc, CS 40509, Avignon, France.
authors: Marianne
authors: M
authors: Cousin
authors: INRA, UR 546 Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux, 84914, Avignon, France.|UMT PrADE, Site Agroparc, CS 40509, Avignon, France.
authors: André
authors: A
authors: Kretzschmar
authors: INRA, UR 406 Abeilles et environnement, 84914, Avignon, France.|UMT PrADE, Site Agroparc, CS 40509, Avignon, France.
authors: Jean-Luc
authors: JL
authors: Brunet
authors: INRA, UR 406 Abeilles et environnement, 84914, Avignon, France.|UMT PrADE, Site Agroparc, CS 40509, Avignon, France.
authors: Yves
authors: Y
authors: Le Conte
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology; D043182:Carboxylesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000201:enzymology; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016881:Microsporidiosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D000073943:Neonicotinoids / Q000633:toxicity*; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D021863:Vittaforma / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010575:Pesticides; C082359:imidacloprid; D002374:Catalase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D043182:Carboxylesterase