title: Feedback of real-time fMRI signals: From concepts and principles to therapeutic interventions.
abstract: The feedback of real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rtfMRI) signals, dubbed "neurofeedback", has found applications in the treatment of clinical disorders and enhancement of brain performance. However, knowledge of the basic underlying mechanism on which neurofeedback is based is rather limited. This article introduces the concepts, principles and characteristics of feedback control systems and its applications to electroencephalography (EEG) and rtfMRI signals. Insight into the underlying mechanisms of feedback systems may lead to the development of novel feedback protocols and subsystems for rtfMRI and enhance therapeutic solutions for clinical interventions.
authors: Cognitive Neuroscience Sector, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy. Electronic address: msokunbi@sissa.it.
authors: Moses O
authors: MO
authors: Sokunbi
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D058765:Neurofeedback / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Brain-computer interface; Clinical disorders; Feedback system; Neurofeedback; Real-time fMRI; Self-regulation