title: Metabolic biomarkers for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by high-fat diet: In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy of hyperpolarized [1-13C] pyruvate.
abstract: Hyperpolarized13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to assess hepatic metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been reported. This study searched for cellular metabolism-based biomarkers for NAFLD induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in rats. Also, correlations of the biomarkers with enzyme levels and histopathology were identified during a 6-week follow-up. Six rats were fed a control diet (CD) and seven rats were fed the HFD for 6 weeks. Hyperpolarized13C dynamic MRS was performed on rat liver following an injection of hyperpolarized [1-13C] pyruvate. Compared with CD-fed rats, HFD-fed rats showed significant increases in the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol at weeks 4 and 6 of follow-up. After the 6-week HFD, the ratios of [1-13C] alanine/pyruvate and [1-13C] lactate/pyruvate were significantly increased, as were the levels of alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase, which are potentially associated with hepatosteatosis. The results implicate [1-13C] alanine and [1-13C] lactate as potentially useful noninvasive biomarkers of hepatosteatosis occurring in NAFLD.
authors: Research Institute for Medical Imaging, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors: Chung-Man
authors: CM
authors: Moon
authors: Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea.
authors: Chang-Hyun
authors: CH
authors: Oh
authors: Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors: Kyu-Youn
authors: KY
authors: Ahn
authors: Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam Natioanl University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jun-Seok
authors: JS
authors: Yang
authors: Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam Natioanl University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jae-Young
authors: JY
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam Natioanl University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors: Sang-Soo
authors: SS
authors: Shin
authors: Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam Natioanl University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hyo-Soon
authors: HS
authors: Lim
authors: Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam Natioanl University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors: Sook-Hee
authors: SH
authors: Heo
authors: Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam Natioanl University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hyun-Ju
authors: HJ
authors: Seon
authors: Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam Natioanl University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jin-Woong
authors: JW
authors: Kim
authors: Research Institute for Medical Imaging, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam Natioanl University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: gwjeong@jnu.ac.kr.
authors: Gwang-Woo
authors: GW
authors: Jeong
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D066241:Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004041:Dietary Fats; D019344:Lactic Acid; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D000409:Alanine
keywords: Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP); High-fat diet; Hyperpolarized (13)C; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)