title: Interfacing brain with computer to improve communication and rehabilitation after brain damage.
abstract: Communication and control of the external environment can be provided via brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) to replace a lost function in persons with severe diseases and little or no chance of recovery of motor abilities (ie, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, brainstem stroke). BCIs allow to intentionally modulate brain activity, to train specific brain functions, and to control prosthetic devices, and thus, this technology can also improve the outcome of rehabilitation programs in persons who have suffered from a central nervous system injury (ie, stroke leading to motor or cognitive impairment). Overall, the BCI researcher is challenged to interact with people with severe disabilities and professionals in the field of neurorehabilitation. This implies a deep understanding of the disabled condition on the one hand, and it requires extensive knowledge on the physiology and function of the human brain on the other. For these reasons, a multidisciplinary approach and the continuous involvement of BCI users in the design, development, and testing of new systems are desirable. In this chapter, we will focus on noninvasive EEG-based systems and their clinical applications, highlighting crucial issues to foster BCI translation outside laboratories to eventually become a technology usable in real-life realm.
authors: Neuroelectrical Imaging and Brain-Computer Interface Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Riccio
authors: Neuroelectrical Imaging and Brain-Computer Interface Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Pichiorri
authors: Neuroelectrical Imaging and Brain-Computer Interface Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Schettini
authors: Neuroelectrical Imaging and Brain-Computer Interface Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Toppi
authors: Neuroelectrical Imaging and Brain-Computer Interface Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Risetti
authors: Post-Coma Unit, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Formisano
authors: Spinal Cord Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Molinari
authors: Neuroelectrical Imaging and Brain-Computer Interface Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Astolfi
authors: Neuroelectrical Imaging and Brain-Computer Interface Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Cincotti
authors: Neuroelectrical Imaging and Brain-Computer Interface Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: d.mattia@hsantalucia.it.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Mattia
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D062207:Brain-Computer Interfaces; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D006801:Humans; D058765:Neurofeedback / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Brain–computer interface; Communication; EEG; Rehabilitation; User-centered design