Aldo-keto reductase enzymes detoxify glyphosate and improve herbicide resistance in plants.
In recent years, concerns about the use of glyphosate-resistant crops have increased because of glyphosate residual levels in plants and development of herbicide-resistant weeds. In spite of identifying glyphosate-detoxifying genes from microorganisms, the plant mechanism to detoxify glyphosate has not been studied. We characterized an aldo-keto reductase gene from Pseudomonas (PsAKR1) and rice (OsAKR1) and showed, by docking studies, both PsAKR1 and OsAKR1 can efficiently bind to glyphosate. Silencing AKR1 homologues in rice and Nicotiana benthamiana or mutation of AKR1 in yeast and Arabidopsis showed increased sensitivity to glyphosate. External application of AKR proteins rescued glyphosate-mediated cucumber seedling growth inhibition. Regeneration of tobacco transgenic lines expressing PsAKR1 or OsAKRI on glyphosate suggests that AKR can be used as selectable marker to develop transgenic crops. PsAKR1- or OsAKRI-expressing tobacco and rice transgenic plants showed improved tolerance to glyphosate with reduced accumulation of shikimic acid without affecting the normal photosynthetic rates. These results suggested that AKR1 when overexpressed detoxifies glyphosate in planta.
Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, India.|Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK, USA.
Ramu S
RS
Vemanna
Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, India.|Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, India.
Amaranatha Reddy
AR
Vennapusa
Department of Bioinformatics, Centre for Bioinformatics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India.
Murugesh
M
Easwaran
Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, India.|Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK, USA.
Babitha K
BK
Chandrashekar
Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, India.
Hanumantha
H
Rao
Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, India.
Kirankumar
K
Ghanti
Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, India.
Chinta
C
Sudhakar
Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK, USA.
Kirankumar S
KS
Mysore
Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, India.
Udayakumar
U
Makarla
D000074408:Aldo-Keto Reductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D053209:Herbicide Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D012275:Oryza / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000235:genetics; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D012765:Shikimic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D000097797:Glyphosate
D000074408:Aldo-Keto Reductases; D005998:Glycine; D012765:Shikimic Acid; D000097797:Glyphosate
GM plants; aldo-keto reductase; glyphosate; herbicide tolerance; photosynthesis; protein docking; residual toxicity; shikimic acid; transgenic plants