Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis stimulates key genes of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and stilbenoid production in grapevine leaves in response to downy mildew and grey mould infection.
Grapevine (Vitis spp) is susceptible to serious fungal diseases usually controlled by chemical treatments. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate plant symbionts which can stimulate plant defences. We investigated the effect of mycorrhization on grapevine stilbenoid defences. Vitis vinifera cvs Chasselas, Pinot noir and the interspecific hybrid Divico, on the rootstock 41B, were mycorrhized with Rhizophagus irregularis before leaf infection by Plasmopara viticola or Botrytis cinerea. Gene expression analysis showed an up-regulation of PAL, STS, and ROMT, involved in the stilbenoid biosynthesis pathway, in plant leaves, 48 h after pathogen inoculation. This defense response could be potentiated under AMF colonization, with an intensity level depending on the gene, the plant cultivar and/or the pathogen. We also showed that higher amounts of active forms of stilbenoids (i.e trans-form of resveratrol, ε- and δ-viniferins and pterostilbene) were produced in mycorrhized plants of the three genotypes in comparison with non-mycorrhized ones, 10 days post-inoculation with either pathogen. These results support the hypothesis that AMF root colonization enhances defence reactions against a biotrophic and a necrotrophic pathogen, in the aerial parts of grapevine.
Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies & Environnement, Université de Haute Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, F-68008 Colmar Cedex, France.
Sébastien
S
Bruisson
Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies & Environnement, Université de Haute Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, F-68008 Colmar Cedex, France.
Pascale
P
Maillot
Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies & Environnement, Université de Haute Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, F-68008 Colmar Cedex, France.
Paul
P
Schellenbaum
Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies & Environnement, Université de Haute Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, F-68008 Colmar Cedex, France.
Bernard
B
Walter
Agroscope, Institute for Plant Production Sciences IPS, Mycology and Biotechnology, Route de Duillier 50, P.O. Box 1012, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland.
Katia
K
Gindro
Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies & Environnement, Université de Haute Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, F-68008 Colmar Cedex, France. Electronic address: laurence.deglene-benbrahim@uha.fr.
Laurence
L
Deglène-Benbrahim
D001572:Benzofurans; D020171:Botrytis / Q000737:chemistry*; D009868:Oomycetes; D010666:Phenylpropionates / Q000378:metabolism*; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000378:metabolism; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism; D012118:Resorcinols; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013559:Symbiosis; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
D001572:Benzofurans; D010666:Phenylpropionates; D012118:Resorcinols; D013267:Stilbenes; C477734:delta-viniferin; C107773:pterostilbene; D000077185:Resveratrol
Botrytis cinerea; Defence priming; Grapevine; Plasmopara viticola; Pterostilbene; Resveratrol; Stilbenoids; Viniferins; Vitaceae; Vitis vinifera