Indoxyl sulfate, a valuable biomarker in chronic kidney disease and dialysis.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasingly recognized disease with high global incidence and mortality. Yet, the existing diagnostic tools are not sufficient enough to predict prognosis of CKD and CKD comorbidities. Indoxyl sulfate, a typical uremic toxin, is of great importance in the development of CKD with its nephrotoxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, and bone toxicity. Some reports suggest that indoxyl sulfate directly associate with renal function loss and mortality in CKD patients. This review discusses the diagnostic value of indoxyl sulfate from its biological characteristics, pathophysiological effects, related therapies, and its diagnostic value in clinical studies.
Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.
Xiao
X
Tan
Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.|Shanghai Quality Control Center for Hemodialysis, Shanghai, China.
Xuesen
X
Cao
Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.|Shanghai Quality Control Center for Hemodialysis, Shanghai, China.
Jianzhou
J
Zou
Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.|Shanghai Quality Control Center for Hemodialysis, Shanghai, China.
Bo
B
Shen
Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.|Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Xiaoyan
X
Zhang
Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.|Shanghai Quality Control Center for Hemodialysis, Shanghai, China.
Zhonghua
Z
Liu
Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.|Shanghai Quality Control Center for Hemodialysis, Shanghai, China.
Wenlv
W
Lv
Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.|Shanghai Quality Control Center for Hemodialysis, Shanghai, China.
Jie
J
Teng
Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.|Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.|Shanghai Quality Control Center for Hemodialysis, Shanghai, China.
Xiaoqiang
X
Ding
D015415:Biomarkers / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007200:Indican / Q000378:metabolism*; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis*
D015415:Biomarkers; D007200:Indican
Indoxly sulfate; cardiovascular disease; chronic kidney disease; dialysis; mineral and bone disorder