Phthalate pregnancy exposure and male offspring growth from the intra-uterine period to five years of age.
OBJECTIVE
To study associations between prenatal exposure to phthalates and fetal and postnatal growth up to age 5 years in male offspring.


METHODS
Eleven phthalate metabolites were quantified in spot maternal urine samples collected during gestation among 520 women of the EDEN mother-child cohort who gave birth to a boy. Fetal growth was assessed from repeated ultrasound measurements and measurements at birth. We used repeated measures of weight and height in the first 5 years of life to model individual postnatal growth trajectories. We estimated adjusted variations in pre and postnatal growth parameters associated with an interquartile range increase in ln-transformed phthalate metabolite concentrations.


RESULTS
Monocarboxyisononyl phthalate (MCNP) was positively associated with femoral length during gestation and length at birth. High molecular weight phthalate metabolites were negatively associated with estimated fetal weight throughout pregnancy. Monoethyl phthalate (MEP) showed positive association with weight growth velocity from two to five years and with body mass index at five years (β=0.17kg/m2, 95% confidence interval, 0.04, 0.30).


CONCLUSIONS
We highlighted associations between gestational exposure to some phthalates and growth in boys. The positive association between MEP and postnatal growth in boys was also reported in several previous human studies.
INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS), Team "Early Origin of the Child's Health and Development" (ORCHAD), Paris Descartes University, Paris, France; Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculty of Pharmacy, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France. Electronic address: jeremie.botton@inserm.fr.
Jérémie
J
Botton
Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Inserm, CNRS, University Grenoble-Alpes, IAB (Institute for Advanced Biosciences) research center, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
Claire
C
Philippat
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Antonia M
AM
Calafat
INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS), Team "Early Origin of the Child's Health and Development" (ORCHAD), Paris Descartes University, Paris, France; Paris-Descartes University, F-75005 Paris, France.
Sophie
S
Carles
INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS), Team "Early Origin of the Child's Health and Development" (ORCHAD), Paris Descartes University, Paris, France; Paris-Descartes University, F-75005 Paris, France.
Marie-Aline
MA
Charles
Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Inserm, CNRS, University Grenoble-Alpes, IAB (Institute for Advanced Biosciences) research center, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
Rémy
R
Slama
INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS), Team "Early Origin of the Child's Health and Development" (ORCHAD), Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.
The Eden Mother-Child Cohort Study Group
D015992:Body Mass Index; D002657:Child Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development; D020567:Fetal Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal
D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D010795:Phthalic Acids
Body Mass Index; Endocrine Disruptors; Epidemiology; Fetal growth; Infant growth; Phthalates