Neuronal NOS Induces Neuronal Differentiation Through a PKCα-Dependent GSK3β Inactivation Pathway in Hippocampal Neural Progenitor Cells.
We investigated the role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the neuronal differentiation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) from hippocampi of E16.5 rat embryos. The production of nitric oxide (NO) and nNOS expression increased markedly during neuronal differentiation as did the expression of neurotrophin-3 (NT3), neurotrophin-4/5 (NT 4/5), and synapsin I. nNOS siRNA or the nNOS inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), decreased expression of the neurotrophins and synapsin I, and suppressed neurite outgrowth. These results suggest that nNOS plays a critical role in neuronal differentiation of hippocampal NPCs. nNOS-mediated neuronal differentiation is controlled by calcineurin since cyclosporin A (CsA), a calcineurin inhibitor, decreased nNOS activation and NO production, and inhibited neurite outgrowth. We found that inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β) resulting from activation of protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) is involved in the nNOS-mediated neuronal differentiation. Moreover, lithium chloride (LiCl), a GSK3β inhibitor, increased neuronal differentiation by inhibiting the proliferation of NPCs. Taken together, these results suggest that neuronal differentiation is dependent on calcineurin-mediated activation of nNOS; this induces PKCα-dependent inactivation of GSK3β, which leads to inhibition of the proliferation of hippocampal NPCs.
Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
Shin-Young
SY
Park
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
Min-Jeong
MJ
Kang
Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea. jshan@hanyang.ac.kr.|Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea. jshan@hanyang.ac.kr.
Joong-Soo
JS
Han
D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism*; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000378:metabolism*; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects
D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha
Cyclosporin A; GSK3β; Hippocampal neural progenitor cells; NO; PKCα; nNOS