Incidence and Factors Associated With Concussion Injuries at the 2011 to 2014 South African Rugby Union Youth Week Tournaments.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the concussion incidence and to identify factors associated with concussion in South African youth rugby union players.


METHODS
Prospective cohort study.


METHODS
Injury surveillance was completed at the South African Rugby Union Youth Week tournaments (under-13, under-16, and under-18 age groups).


METHODS
South African youth rugby union players. A total of 7216 players participated in 531 matches between 2011 and 2014.


METHODS
None.


METHODS
Concussion incidence was calculated per 1000 player-match-hours with 95% CIs. Poisson regression was used to calculate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) between factors (age, time period, playing position, and activity at the time of concussion) potentially associated with concussions.


RESULTS
The concussion incidence was 6.8/1000 player-match-hours (95% CI, 5.5-8.1) across all age groups. Under-13s (IRR, 1.5; P = 0.09) and under-16s (IRR, 1.7; P = 0.03) had higher concussion incidence rates than the under-18 age group. The incidence was higher in the third (IRR, 2.1; P = 0.04) and fourth (IRR, 2.5; P = 0.01) quarters of matches compared with the first quarter. Sixty-two percent of concussions occurred in the tackle situation. The tackler had a 4-fold greater concussion rate (IRR, 4.3; P < 0.001) compared with the ball carrier. The hooker and loose forwards had higher incidence rates than several other player positions (P < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
The reported concussion incidence falls within the broad range previously reported in youth rugby. The evidence highlighted in this study may contribute to targeted concussion prevention strategies and provide a baseline against which the effectiveness of future interventions can be measured.
*Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; and†Medical Department, South African Rugby Football Union, Cape Town, South Africa.
Sarah
S
Mc Fie
James
J
Brown
Sharief
S
Hendricks
Michael
M
Posthumus
Clint
C
Readhead
Mike
M
Lambert
Alison V
AV
September
Wayne
W
Viljoen
D000293:Adolescent; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D005538:Football / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology