Mediterranean diets supplemented with virgin olive oil and nuts enhance plasmatic antioxidant capabilities and decrease xanthine oxidase activity in people with metabolic syndrome: The PREDIMED study.
This study assessed plasmatic antioxidant capabilities and xanthine oxidase (XOX) activity in metabolic syndrome patients after 5 years intervention with Mediterranean diet (MeDiet) supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or with nuts or with low-fat diet (the PREDIMED [PREvención con Dieta MEDiterránea] study).



Seventy-five participants were randomly selected. Daily energy and nutrient intake were assessed with a validated 137-item food frequency questionnaire, and adherence to the MeDiet was assessed using a 14-item questionnaire. Catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase, XOX activities and protein levels, and protein carbonyl derivatives, nitrotyrosine, nitrite and nitrate levels were determined in overnight fasting venous blood samples. The plasma activity and protein levels of SOD and catalase were significantly higher and XOX activity was lower in MeDiet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil and MeDiet supplemented with nuts than in the control group. Participants in both MeDiet groups showed higher plasma nitrate levels than in the control group. Adherence to the MeDiet showed a positive correlation with SOD and catalase plasma antioxidant activities.



A MeDiet enriched with either virgin olive oil or nuts enhances the plasma antioxidant capabilities and decreases XOX activity in patients with the metabolic syndrome but we did not observe changes in myeloperoxidase or markers of oxidative damage.
Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.|RD 06/0045 and CIBEROBN (Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Antoni
A
Sureda
Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.|RD 06/0045 and CIBEROBN (Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Maria Del Mar
MD
Bibiloni
Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.|Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
Miquel
M
Martorell
RD 06/0045 and CIBEROBN (Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra-IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain.
Pilar
P
Buil-Cosiales
RD 06/0045 and CIBEROBN (Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra-IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain.
Amelia
A
Marti
Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.|RD 06/0045 and CIBEROBN (Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Antoni
A
Pons
Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.|RD 06/0045 and CIBEROBN (Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Josep A
JA
Tur
RD 06/0045 and CIBEROBN (Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra-IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain.
Miguel Ángel
MÁ
Martinez-Gonzalez
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009754:Nuts; D000069463:Olive Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood*
D015415:Biomarkers; D000069463:Olive Oil; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D002784:Cholesterol; D002374:Catalase; D009195:Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase
Antioxidant enzymes; Nitrosative damage; Oxidative damage; PREDIMED; Pro-oxidant markers