Residual eDNA detection sensitivity assessed by quantitative real-time PCR in a river ecosystem.
Several studies have demonstrated that environmental DNA (eDNA) can be used to detect the presence of aquatic species, days to weeks after the target species has been removed. However, most studies used eDNA analysis in lentic systems (ponds or lakes), or in controlled laboratory experiments. While eDNA degrades rapidly in all aquatic systems, it also undergoes dilution effects and physical destruction in flowing systems, complicating detection in rivers. However, some eDNA (i.e. residual eDNA) can be retained in aquatic systems, even those subject to high flow regimes. Our goal was to determine residual eDNA detection sensitivity using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), in a flowing, uncontrolled river after the eDNA source was removed from the system; we repeated the experiment over 2 years. Residual eDNA had the strongest signal strength at the original source site and was detectable there up to 11.5 h after eDNA source removal. Residual eDNA signal strength decreased as sampling distance downstream from the eDNA source site increased, and was no longer detectable at the source site 48 h after the eDNA source water was exhausted in both experiments. This experiment shows that residual eDNA sampled in surface water can be mapped quantitatively using qRT-PCR, which allows a more accurate spatial identification of the target species location in lotic systems, and relative residual eDNA signal strength may allow the determination of the timing of the presence of target species.
Department of Biology, Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, 2990 Riverside Drive West, Windsor, ON, N9C 1A2, Canada.
Katherine D
KD
Balasingham
Department of Biology, Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, 2990 Riverside Drive West, Windsor, ON, N9C 1A2, Canada.|Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Burlington, ON, L7R 4A5, Canada.
Ryan P
RP
Walter
Department of Biology, Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, 2990 Riverside Drive West, Windsor, ON, N9C 1A2, Canada.
Daniel D
DD
Heath
D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis*; D017753:Ecosystem; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D045483:Rivers
D004247:DNA
DNA persistence; environmental DNA; qRT-PCR; residual; river