Insights into the molecular mechanism of the responses for Cyperus alternifolius to PhACs stress in constructed wetlands.
Cyperus alternifolius has been widely reported to be an effective phytoremediation plant in constructed wetland systems (CWs). In this context, an integrated biochemical and proteomic analysis of C. alternifolius leaves exposed to pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in CWs was conducted to understand the mechanism of phytoremediation. The obtained results showed the antioxidant enzyme activities were induced throughout the experiment; however over time, the malondialdehyde content is not significantly different from the control and the photosynthetic pigment contents in plant were subsequently slowly recovered. Therefore, we concluded that reactive oxygen species could be effectively counteracted by the enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, and therefore the photosynthetic pigments were ultimately restored. Leaf extract proteome maps were obtained through 2-DE, and an average of 55, 49, and 24 spots were significantly altered by 30, 100, and 500 μg/L of PhACs over the control, respectively. Protein expression patterns showed that proteins in C. alternifolius leaves are associated with photosynthesis, energy metabolism, defense, and protein synthesis. Moreover, the most relevant pathways modulated by PhACs were photosynthesis and energy metabolism. The protein expression involved in antioxidant defense and stress response generally increased in all the PhAC treatments. The regulated proteins may favor PhAC degradation in CWs; however, the role of these proteins in degrading PhACs remains unknown; further biochemical studies should be conducted. This study indicated that C. alternifolius can tolerate multiple PhACs.
China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China. Electronic address: qyan2005@hotmail.com.
Qing
Q
Yan
Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco -Environments of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
Xu
X
Gao
Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco -Environments of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
Jin-Song
JS
Guo
China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China.
Zhi-Wei
ZW
Zhu
China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China. Electronic address: fengguozhong@caas.cn.
Guo-Zhong
GZ
Feng
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D029786:Cyperus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D053833:Wetlands
D000975:Antioxidants; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
Antioxidant enzymes; Pharmaceutically active compound (PhACs); Photosynthetic pigments; Phytoremediation; Proteomic