Morell Mackenzie's Contribution to the Description of Spasmodic Dysphonia.
OBJECTIVE
Since the middle of the 20th century, most discussions of spasmodic dysphonia (SD) reference a paper by Ludwig Traube published in1871 as the first historical citation, crediting him with priority for this clinical syndrome. However, our recent research has determined that the original observation by Traube was published in 1864 and does not in fact describe what is currently recognized as SD. It appears that many clinics throughout Europe and North America were investigating and publishing observations on a range of voice disorders.


METHODS
The wider context of work on laryngeal disorders in the 1860s-1870s is considered. One of Traube's contemporaries, Morell Mackenzie, made significant contributions to the understanding of laryngeal movement disorder and its consequences for the voice. These will be examined to gain a clearer focus on the characterization of this disorder.


RESULTS
The clinical descriptions published by Morrell Mackenzie in the 1860s provide details that conform quite closely to our current-day understanding of SD.


CONCLUSIONS
The citation of Traube's "hysterical" patient links to mid 20th-century views of the functional nature of SD and the utility of psychiatric treatment. The description presented by Mackenzie is consistent with current views of SD as a movement disorder.
Applied Linguistics and Communication, School of Social Sciences, History and Philosophy, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK m.lorch@bbk.ac.uk.
Marjorie Perlman
MP
Lorch
Harley Street ENT Clinic, London, UK.
Renata
R
Whurr
D055154:Dysphonia / Q000266:history*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D020704:Laryngoscopes / Q000266:history; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000266:history*
19th-century history of medicine; dysphonia; movement disorders; spasmodic dystonia; vocal cord dysfunction; voice disorders