Methods for Implant Acceptance and Wound Healing: Material Selection and Implant Location Modulate Macrophage and Fibroblast Phenotypes.
This review focuses on materials and methods used to induce phenotypic changes in macrophages and fibroblasts. Herein, we give a brief overview on how changes in macrophages and fibroblasts phenotypes are critical biomarkers for identification of implant acceptance, wound healing effectiveness, and are also essential for evaluating the regenerative capabilities of some hybrid strategies that involve the combination of natural and synthetic materials. The different types of cells present during the host response have been extensively studied for evaluating the reaction to different materials and there are varied material approaches towards fabrication of biocompatible substrates. We discuss how natural and synthetic materials have been used to engineer desirable outcomes in lung, heart, liver, skin, and musculoskeletal implants, and how certain properties such as rigidity, surface shape, and porosity play key roles in the progression of the host response. Several fabrication strategies are discussed to control the phenotype of infiltrating macrophages and fibroblasts: decellularization of scaffolds, surface coatings, implant shape, and pore size apart from biochemical signaling pathways that can inhibit or accelerate unfavorable host responses. It is essential to factor all the different design principles and material fabrication criteria for evaluating the choice of implant materials or regenerative therapeutic strategies.
Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 2114 Sweeney Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Anuraag
A
Boddupalli
Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 2114 Sweeney Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Lida
L
Zhu
Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 2114 Sweeney Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA. kbratlie@iastate.edu.|Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University, 2220 Hoover Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA. kbratlie@iastate.edu.|Division of Materials Science & Engineering, Ames National Laboratory, 126 Metals Development, Ames, IA 50011, USA. kbratlie@iastate.edu.
Kaitlin M
KM
Bratlie
D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects*; D010641:Phenotype; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
D001672:Biocompatible Materials
fibroblasts; host response; implant location; macrophages; materials properties