Nurses' competence in kinaesthetics : A concept development.
OBJECTIVE
This study was carried out to systematically describe nurses' competence in kinaesthetics.


BACKGROUND
In elderly care the kinaesthetics program for nurses has been taught for over 25 years; however, the competence that nurses should gain through kinaesthetics training from a theoretical perspective has not yet been systematically described.


METHODS
The method was modelled after the three phases of the hybrid model of concept development by Schwartz-Barcott and Kim (2000). In the theoretical phase a working definition was established and a literature review conducted. We searched the online databases PubMed and CINAHL and the reference lists up to February 2016. In the empirical phase experts defined the attributes during a workshop in October 2013. In the analytical phase the results from the theoretical and empirical phase were combined in order to define antecedents, attributes and consequences of the concept.


RESULTS
The concept of nurses' competence in kinaesthetics includes two antecedents: (1) nurses' kinaesthetics training and (2) care recipients' need for mobility support in activities of daily living. This concept includes a set of attributes in the areas of knowledge, skills, attitudes and dynamic state. It contributes towards (1) movement competence and (2) physical and psychological well-being of both care recipients and nurses.


CONCLUSIONS
The concept of nurses' competence in kinaesthetics might support awareness and communication about mobility-enhancing gerontological care. Based on the attributes of nurse' competence in kinaesthetics an assessment instrument will be developed that can be used to evaluate nurses' competence in kinaesthetics in clinical practice. Further research is needed to evaluate the consequences of the developed concept.
Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. heidrun.gattinger@fhsg.ch.|Institute for Applied Nursing Science, University of Applied Science St. Gallen, Rosenbergstrasse 59, 9001, St. Gallen, Switzerland. heidrun.gattinger@fhsg.ch.
Heidrun
H
Gattinger
Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Helena
H
Leino-Kilpi
Institute for Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Nursing Research Unit, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Sascha
S
Köpke
European Kinaesthetics Association, Siebnen, Switzerland.
Stefan
S
Marty-Teuber
Institute for Applied Nursing Science, University of Applied Science St. Gallen, Rosenbergstrasse 59, 9001, St. Gallen, Switzerland.|Research Affiliate Sydney Nursing School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Beate
B
Senn
Institute for Applied Nursing Science, University of Applied Science St. Gallen, Rosenbergstrasse 59, 9001, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Virpi
V
Hantikainen
D000368:Aged; D001364:Awareness; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003479:Curriculum; D005260:Female; D005851:Geriatric Nursing / Q000193:education*; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007699:Kinesthesis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016294:Models, Nursing; D019145:Rehabilitation Nursing / Q000193:education*
Kinaesthetics; Mobility limitation; Moving and lifting patients; Nursing; Professional competence