Determinants and predictors of absenteeism and return-to-work in workers with shoulder disorders.
BACKGROUND
Shoulder disorders lead to substantial productivity loss and determinants and predictors of sick leave are poorly known.


OBJECTIVE
To perform a systematic review on determinants and predictors of sick leave and delayed return-to-work (RTW) in workers with shoulder disorders.


METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted and we included studies on workers with shoulder disorders that contained information on determinants or predictors for sick leave or RTW, The risk of bias of included studies was evaluated with a validated tool.


RESULTS
Eight studies were included and four had a high risk of bias. The only determinants that were found significantly associated with delayed RTW or sickness absence in more than one study were an atraumatic history, disease severity and previous sickness absence. A clinical prediction rule was developed to predict sick leave in one study and included the following predictors: a longer duration of sick leave prior to consultation, higher shoulder pain, strain/overuse in usual activities and psychological complaints.


CONCLUSIONS
Several determinants or predictors were identified in the present review, but there is currently inconsistent evidence on the role of any determinants or predictors of work absence or delayed RTW for workers with a shoulder disorder. More methodologically sound studies are needed.
Orthopaedic Clinical Research Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal Affiliated Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.|School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
François
F
Desmeules
Orthopaedic Clinical Research Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal Affiliated Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Caroline
C
Braën
School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.|Physiatry Service, University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montréal, QC, Canada.
Martin
M
Lamontagne
Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.|Axe Santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche FRQ-S du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Québec City, QC, Canada.
Clermont E
CE
Dionne
Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.|Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, Québec City, QC, Canada.
Jean-Sébastien
JS
Roy
Upper extremity; occupational diseases; review