Follow-Up of Norovirus Contamination in an Oyster Production Area Linked to Repeated Outbreaks.
A production area repeatedly implicated in oyster-related gastroenteritis in France was studied for several months over 2 years. Outbreaks and field samples were analyzed by undertaking triplicate extractions, followed by norovirus (NoV) detection using triplicate wells for genomic amplification. This approach allowed us to demonstrate that some variabilities can be observed for samples with a low level of contamination, but most samples analyzed gave reproducible results. At the first outbreak, implicated oysters were collected at the beginning of the contamination event, which was reflected by the higher NoV levels during the first month of the study. During the second year, NoV concentrations in samples implicated in outbreaks and collected from the production area were similar, confirming the failure of the shellfish depuration process. Contamination was detected mainly during winter-spring months, and a high prevalence of NoV GI contamination was observed. A half-life of 18 days was calculated from NoV concentrations detected in oysters during this study, showing a very slow decrease of the contamination in the production area. Preventing the contamination of coastal waters should be a priority.
Laboratoire de Microbiologie, LSEM-SG2M-RBE, Ifremer, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 03, France.
Cécile
C
Le Mennec
Laboratoire de Microbiologie, LSEM-SG2M-RBE, Ifremer, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 03, France.
Sylvain
S
Parnaudeau
Laboratoire Environnement Ressources, ODE, Ifremer, Arcachon, France.
Myriam
M
Rumebe
Laboratoire de Microbiologie, LSEM-SG2M-RBE, Ifremer, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 03, France.
Jean-Claude
JC
Le Saux
Laboratoire de Microbiologie, LSEM-SG2M-RBE, Ifremer, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 03, France.
Jean-Côme
JC
Piquet
Laboratoire de Microbiologie, LSEM-SG2M-RBE, Ifremer, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 03, France. sleguyad@ifremer.fr.
S Françoise
SF
Le Guyader
D000818:Animals; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D029322:Norovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010125:Ostreidae / Q000821:virology*; D012621:Seasons; D012758:Shellfish / Q000821:virology*
Depuration; Norovirus; Outbreaks; Oysters; Persistence