Bifunctional fluorescent benzimidazo[1,2-α]quinolines for Candida spp. biofilm detection and biocidal activity.
Biofilms provide an ideal environment for protecting the microbial cells from damage caused by humoral and cellular immune system components, promoting resistance, infections and increasing mortality and morbidity of patients in health facilities. In an attempt to provide an innovative solution for preventing contamination in hospital environments, this study evaluated nine structural complementary fluorescent benzimidazo[1,2-α]quinolines as bifunctional agents that both detect and have biocidal activity against yeast biofilms on stainless steel surfaces. The benzimidazoles' staining capability was determined by a fluorescence microscopy study and spraying the substance on yeast biofilm contaminated stainless steel surfaces. Furthermore, their in vitro human leukocyte cytotoxicity was evaluated with trypan blue and their biocidal activity was determined as the minimum inhibitory concentration against Candida tropicalis, C. albicans and C. parapsilosis strains. Moreover, scanning electron micrographs were recorded to study the biocidal activity. This resulted in the identification of 7, which presents all the desired characteristics (such as solubility) and capabilities (staining and biocide activity against all tested biofilm forming yeast strains) at the same time. As such, benzimidazole 7 has the potential to guarantee the use of disinfected medical and surgical instruments in clinical and surgical procedures, consequently, contributing to an increased safety for patients.
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 90.610-000, Brazil.
Igor O P
IO
de Souza
Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 90.035-190, Brazil.
Clarissa M L
CM
Schrekker
Center for Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 91.501-970, Brazil.
William
W
Lopes
Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
Romano V A
RV
Orru
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, P. O. Box 177, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Marijana
M
Hranjec
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, P. O. Box 177, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Nataša
N
Perin
Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS 97.500-970, Brazil.
Michel
M
Machado
Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS 97.500-970, Brazil.
Luís F
LF
Oliveira
MackGraphe, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, SP 01.302-907, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 90.650-001, Brazil.
Ricardo K
RK
Donato
Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 90.650-001, Brazil.
Valter
V
Stefani
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 90.610-000, Brazil; Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 90.035-190, Brazil. Electronic address: alexandre.fuentefria@ufrgs.br.
Alexandre M
AM
Fuentefria
Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 90.650-001, Brazil. Electronic address: henri.schrekker@ufrgs.br.
Henri S
HS
Schrekker
D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011804:Quinolines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*
D000935:Antifungal Agents; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D011804:Quinolines
Biological probes; Fungal biomarkers; Leukocyte cytotoxicity; Stainless steel; Yeast