In vivo antiarthritic activity of the ethanol extracts of stem bark and seeds of Calophyllum inophyllum in Freund's complete adjuvant induced arthritis.
BACKGROUND
Calophyllum inophyllum Linn. (Clusiaceae) (CI) is traditionally used to treat pain, inflammation, eye disorders and rheumatism.


OBJECTIVE
The present study evaluates the antiarthritic activity of the ethanol extract of the stem bark (ESBCI) and seeds (ESCI) of Calophyllum inophyllum in Freund's adjuvant induced arthritic Wistar albino rat model.


METHODS
ESBCI and ESCI were screened for in vitro anti-inflammatory activity by proteinase inhibition and membrane stabilization assays. Acute oral toxicity studies were conducted according to OECD-425 guidelines. Antiarthritic activity of ESBCI and ESCI at the dose of 250 mg/kg/p.o. was evaluated by Freund's adjuvant induced arthritic rat model.


RESULTS
ESBCI and ESCI have shown maximum inhibition at 250 μg/mL in proteinase inhibition and haemolysis assays. The LD50of ESBCI and ESCI was found to be greater than 5000 and 2000 mg/kg/p.o., respectively. In Freund's adjuvant induced arthritic rat model ESBCI, ESCI and Diclofenac treatment have shown 28.57, 36.36, and 43.51% as maximum reduction in rat paw oedema volume respectively when compared with the arthritic control rats. ESBCI and ESCI treatment at the dose level of 250 mg/kg/p.o. normalized the altered haematological and biochemical parameters of arthritic control rats. Histological and radiological evaluation confirmed the antiarthritic effect of ESBCI and ESCI.


CONCLUSIONS
ESBCI and ESCI were found to show significant antiarthritic activity evidenced with clinical, biochemical, histological and radiological evaluations.


CONCLUSIONS
The present study indicates the antiarthritic activity of ESBCI and ESCI, however its mechanism of action has to be studied in the future.
a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , Bharathidasan Institute of Technology (BIT campus), Anna University , Tiruchirappalli , Tamil Nadu , India.
Senthamil Selvan
SS
Perumal
a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , Bharathidasan Institute of Technology (BIT campus), Anna University , Tiruchirappalli , Tamil Nadu , India.
Sanmuga Priya
SP
Ekambaram
a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , Bharathidasan Institute of Technology (BIT campus), Anna University , Tiruchirappalli , Tamil Nadu , India.
T
T
Dhanam
D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D029759:Calophyllum; D000431:Ethanol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D024301:Plant Bark; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018547:Plant Stems; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012639:Seeds
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000431:Ethanol; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant
Rheumatoid arthritis; Tamanu; anti-inflammatory; histopathology of interphalangeal joints