Vapor-based coatings for antibacterial and osteogenic functionalization and the immunological compatibility.
The immobilization of biofunctional molecules to biomaterial surfaces has enabled and expanded the versatility of currently available biomaterials to a wider range of applications. In addition, immobilized biomolecules offer modified surfaces that allow the use of smaller amounts of potentially harmful substances or prevent overdose, while the exhibited biological functions remain persistently effective. Surface concentrations of chlorhexidine (CHX) (1.40±0.08×10(-9)mol·cm(-2)) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) (1.51±0.08×10(-11)mol·cm(-2)) immobilized molecules were determined in this study, and their specific biological functions in terms of antibacterial activity and osteogenesis potency, respectively, were demonstrated to be unambiguously effective. Immobilization exploits the use of vapor-based poly-p-xylylenes, which exhibit excellent biocompatibility and wide applicability for various substrate materials. This technique represents a practical and economical approach for the manufacture of certain industrial products. Furthermore, a minimal degree of macrophage activation was indicated on the modified surfaces via insignificant morphological changes and low levels of adverse inflammatory signals, including suppressed production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α as well as nitric oxide (NO). The results and the modification strategy illustrate a concept for designing prospective biomaterial surfaces such that the manipulation employed to elicit targeted biological responses does not compromise immunological compatibility.
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. Electronic address: picorna.tw@yahoo.com.tw.
Chih-Yu
CY
Wu
Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
Chao-Wei
CW
Huang
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
Zhen-Yu
ZY
Guan
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
Jyun-Ting
JT
Wu
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
Shu-Yun
SY
Yeh
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
Chiao-Tzu
CT
Su
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10018, Taiwan.
Chih-Hao
CH
Chang
Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
Shih-Torng
ST
Ding
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. Electronic address: hsychen@ntu.edu.tw.
Hsien-Yeh
HY
Chen
D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000737:chemistry*; D016972:Enterobacter cloacae / Q000187:drug effects; D005740:Gases / Q000737:chemistry; D055767:Immobilized Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D005740:Gases; D055767:Immobilized Proteins; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D011108:Polymers; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002710:Chlorhexidine
Biocompatibility; Functional interface; Functionalized poly-para-xylylene; Inflammation