Effect of heat exposure and exercise on food intake regulation: A randomized crossover study in young healthy men.
OBJECTIVE
The effect of physical activity on food intake regulation may be moderated by environmental temperature. The aim of the study was to determine the single and combined effects of metabolic activity and temperature on energy intake and its hormonal regulation.


METHODS
A randomized crossover study was conducted in the laboratory. Ten healthy and physically active young Afro-Caribbean men participated in four experimental sessions (rest at 22°C and 31°C and cycling at 60% of their maximal oxygen uptake at 22°C and 31°C, all for 40 min). Each test period was followed by a 30-min recovery period and then an ad libitum meal. The main outcome measures were energy balance, subjective appetite, and plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP), cholecystokinin (CCK) and ghrelin concentrations.


RESULTS
Relative energy intake was significantly decreased whereas plasma PP was increased in the exercise conditions (p=0.004 and p=0.002, respectively). Postprandial levels of CCK were elevated only in the rest conditions. Exposure to heat induced a decrease in plasma ghrelin (p=0.031).


CONCLUSIONS
Exercise induced a short-term energy deficit. However, modifications in the hormonal regulation of food intake in response to short-term heat or heat and exercise exposure seem to be minor and did not induce changes in energy intake. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02157233.
Adaptation to Tropical Climate, Exercise and Health Laboratory, EA3596, University of the French West Indies, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France.
Cécile
C
Faure
Adaptation to Tropical Climate, Exercise and Health Laboratory, EA3596, University of the French West Indies, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France; UMR Inserm 1134, University of the French West Indies, Guadeloupe, France; France-Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex (The red cell: from genesis to death), PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
Keyne
K
Charlot
Adaptation to Tropical Climate, Exercise and Health Laboratory, EA3596, University of the French West Indies, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France; Orthopedics and Trauma Center, Academic Hospital of Pointe-à-Pitre-Abymes, Guadeloupe, France.
Stéphane
S
Henri
UMR Inserm 1134, University of the French West Indies, Guadeloupe, France; France-Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex (The red cell: from genesis to death), PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
Marie-Dominique
MD
Hardy-Dessources
Adaptation to Tropical Climate, Exercise and Health Laboratory, EA3596, University of the French West Indies, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France.
Olivier
O
Hue
Adaptation to Tropical Climate, Exercise and Health Laboratory, EA3596, University of the French West Indies, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France. Electronic address: s_antoine@ymail.com.
Sophie
S
Antoine-Jonville
D015308:Anaerobic Threshold; D001069:Appetite Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001831:Body Temperature; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004326:Drinking / Q000502:physiology; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010191:Pancreatic Polypeptide / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
D054439:Ghrelin; D010191:Pancreatic Polypeptide; D002766:Cholecystokinin
Energy balance; Environment; Food intake regulation; Metabolism; Physical activity