Influenza vaccination coverages among high risk subjects and health care workers in Spain. Results of two consecutive National Health Surveys (2011-2014).
We aim to describe influenza vaccination coverage for the Spanish population using data from two consecutive nation-wide representative health surveys. The data was analysed by high risk groups, health care workers (HCWs) and immigrants. Also, coverage trends were analysed.



The 2011/12 Spanish National Health Survey (N=21,007) and the 2014 European Health Interview Survey for Spain (N=22,842) were analysed. Influenza vaccination status was self-reported. Time trends for were estimated by a multivariate logistic regression model.



Overall vaccination uptake was similar in 2011/12 and 2014, 19.1% and 18.9%, respectively, (p>0.05). 47% of the subjects surveyed were in the groups for which vaccination was recommended with coverages of 41.1% in 2011/12 and 40% in 2014 (p>0.05). In both surveys, uptake among subjects with a chronic disease was three times higher than uptake in subjects who did not have these diseases. In 2011/12 and 2014, 20% and 27.6% of health workers were vaccinated. Subjects born outside Spain were vaccinated less frequently than Spanish-born subjects (9.3% vs 20.4% and 8.9% vs 20%). Within the diseases studied, the best uptake was for patients with heart disease (52.5% in 2011/12 and 51.1% in 2014) and patients with diabetes (50.5% and 51.8%). Multivariate analysis showed that older age, having a chronic disease or being a HCW increases the possibility of being vaccinated whereas being born outside Spain decreased it.



Seasonal influenza vaccine uptake rates in the recommended target groups, patients with chronic conditions and health care workers, in Spain are unacceptably low and seem to be stable in the post pandemic seasons. This finding should alert health authorities to the need to work directly with health care providers on the indications for this vaccine and to study strategies that make it possible to increase vaccination uptake.
Department of Epidemiology, Directorate of Health Promotion and Prevention, Ministry of Health, Community of Madrid, C/ Julián Camarillo, 4B, 28037 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: jenaro.astray@salud.madrid.org.
Jenaro
J
Astray-Mochales
Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda de Atenas s/n, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: ana.lopez@urjc.es.
Ana
A
López de Andres
Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda de Atenas s/n, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: valentin.hernandez@urjc.es.
Valentín
V
Hernandez-Barrera
Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda de Atenas s/n, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: rodriguezrieiro@gmail.com.
Cristina
C
Rodríguez-Rieiro
Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda de Atenas s/n, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: pilar.carrasco@urjc.es.
Pilar
P
Carrasco Garrido
Department of Epidemiology, Directorate of Health Promotion and Prevention, Ministry of Health, Community of Madrid, C/ Julián Camarillo, 4B, 28037 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: maria.estebanv@salud.madrid.org.
María D
MD
Esteban-Vasallo
Department of Epidemiology, Directorate of Health Promotion and Prevention, Ministry of Health, Community of Madrid, C/ Julián Camarillo, 4B, 28037 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: felicitas.dominguez@salud.madrid.org.
Maria Felicitas
MF
Domínguez-Berjón
Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda de Atenas s/n, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: Isabel.jimenez@urjc.es.
Isabel
I
Jimenez-Trujillo
Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda de Atenas s/n, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: rodrigo.jimenez@urjc.es.
Rodrigo
R
Jiménez-García
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015897:Comorbidity; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013030:Spain; D000073887:Vaccination Coverage / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
D007252:Influenza Vaccines
Coverage; Influenza; Public health policy; Trends; Vaccines