Small molecules exert anti-apoptotic effect and reduce oxidative stress augmenting insulin secretion in stem cells engineered islets against hypoxia.
Transplantation of pancreatic islets is the most reliable treatment for Type 1 diabetes. However cell death mediated by hypoxia is considered as one of the main difficulties hindering success in islet transplantation. The aim of our experiment was to investigate the role of small molecules in survival of Islet like cell aggregates (ICAs) engineered from umbilical cord matrix under oxygen deprived condition (<5% O2). ICAs were analyzed for cell death via fluoroscein diacetate/propidium iodide (FDA/PI) staining, estimation of Caspase 3 and free radical release in presence and absence of small molecules. The samples were also analyzed for the presence of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) at both transcriptional and translational level. The addition of small molecules showed profound defensive effect on ICAs under hypoxic environment as evidenced by their viability and insulin secretion compared to untreated ICAs. The combinations of Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) and metformin and EPA, DHAandγ amino butyric acid (GABA) acted as anti-apoptotic agents for human ICAs when exposed to 1% O2for 48h. The combinations of the small molecules reduced the total reactive oxygen species and malonaldehyde (MDA) levels and enhanced the production of glutathione peroxidise (GPx) enzyme under hypoxic conditions. Finally the increase in HIF1α at both protein and gene level confirmed the defensive effect of the additives in hypoxia. These results suggest that the combination of small molecules maintained the viability and functionality of the ICAs in hypoxia by up-regulating HIF1α expression and down regulating the Caspase 3 activity.
School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, GKVK Post, Bellary Road, Allalasandra, Yelahanka, 560065 Bangalore, India.
Bhawna
B
Chandravanshi
School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, GKVK Post, Bellary Road, Allalasandra, Yelahanka, 560065 Bangalore, India. Electronic address: rr.bhonde@manipal.edu.
Ramesh
R
Bhonde
D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002449:Cell Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D060846:Cell Engineering; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D054852:Small Molecule Libraries / Q000494:pharmacology*
D005609:Free Radicals; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D007328:Insulin; D054852:Small Molecule Libraries; D005978:Glutathione
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA); Hypoxia; Islet like cell aggregates (ICA's); Metformin; γ amino butyric acid (GABA)