Feedback Control of Two-Component Regulatory Systems.
Two-component systems are a dominant form of bacterial signal transduction. The prototypical two-component system consists of a sensor that responds to a specific input(s) by modifying the output of a cognate regulator. Because the output of a two-component system is the amount of phosphorylated regulator, feedback mechanisms may alter the amount of regulator, and/or modify the ability of a sensor or other proteins to alter the phosphorylation state of the regulator. Two-component systems may display intrinsic feedback whereby the amount of phosphorylated regulator changes under constant inducing conditions and without the participation of additional proteins. Feedback control allows a two-component system to achieve particular steady-state levels, to reach a given steady state with distinct dynamics, to express coregulated genes in a given order, and to activate a regulator to different extents, depending on the signal acting on the sensor.
Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536; email: eduardo.groisman@yale.edu.|Yale Microbial Sciences Institute, West Haven, Connecticut 06516.
Eduardo A
EA
Groisman
D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D025461:Feedback, Physiological; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D015398:Signal Transduction
D001426:Bacterial Proteins
expression dynamics; phosphorylation; signal access; transcription surge