Efficacy and safety of therapeutic anticoagulation for the treatment of isolated calf muscle vein thrombosis - a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Diverse treatment suggestions range from monitoring with duplex examinations to therapeutic anticoagulation (TA) for managing isolated calf muscle vein thrombosis (ICMVT). However, the small sample sizes and low-level evidence provided by most studies in the literature mean that the benefits of promising new treatment protocols are unclear. Hence, this meta-analysis is intended to assess the efficacy and safety of TA for patients with ICMVT.



Articles comparing TA with no anticoagulation (NA) or no therapeutic anticoagulation (NTA) in patients with ICMVT were collected from PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science. The risk ratio (RR) and 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) were generated for each outcome of interest. The data were pooled using a random-effects or fixed-effects model to evaluate differences in outcomes between the TA and control groups.



Five of 377 initially identified papers were included. One randomized controlled trial, one non-randomized controlled trial and three retrospective cohort studies (a total of 744 patients, 390 in the TA group and the remaining 354 in the NA or NTA group) were included in this meta-analysis. The occurrence of thrombosis progression was significantly less frequent in those who received TA compared with those receiving NTA (RR = 0.33, 95 % CI 0.20 to 0.54, p < 0.01). The rate of complete recanalization was higher, albeit not significantly, in the TA group than in the NTA group (RR = 1.96, 95 % CI 1.01 to 3.80, p = 0.05). None of the pooled outcomes were significantly different when comparing the TA and NA groups.



This study suggests that TA may result in a significant reduction in the rate of thrombosis progression and a marginally significant increase in the rate of complete recanalization for patients with ICMVT. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and clarify whether the benefits of TA outweigh the potential harm.
1 Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
Xu-Chen
XC
Huang
1 Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
Xu-Hua
XH
Hu
1 Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
Xiao-Ran
XR
Wang
1 Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
Chao-Xi
CX
Zhou
1 Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
Gui-Ying
GY
Wang
D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D018450:Disease Progression; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014654:Vascular Patency / Q000187:drug effects; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology
D000925:Anticoagulants
Therapeutic anticoagulation; isolated calf muscle vein thrombosis; systematic review