General Practitioners and Dentists: A Call for Action Against Tobacco.
To investigate the frequency of advice to quit smoking received by the Italian population from general practitioners (GP) and dentists, we analyzed a cross-sectional study.



A face-to-face survey was conducted in 2014 on 3052 individuals, representative of the general Italian population aged 15 years or more.



During the previous year, 89% of individuals (82% of smokers) reported that they had visited a GP while 71% (67% of smokers) had visited a dentist. Among smokers, 25% reported that they had received advice to quit smoking from their GP, and 26% from their dentist. Advice by GPs was less frequently received by smokers with higher education (multivariate odds ratios (OR) were 0.48 for intermediate and 0.38 for high as compared to low education), and more frequently by heavy smokers (≥15 cigarettes/day; OR = 1.78), those with intention to quit (OR = 2.59), with previous quit attempts (OR = 2.09), and those aware of the existence of smoking cessation services (OR = 1.59). Advice by dentists was more frequently received by smokers aged 25-44 years (OR = 3.55 compared to those aged 15-24) and those with an intention to quit (OR = 2.46). Among Italian current smokers, 32% reported that their GP and 17% that their dentist was a current smoker. The corresponding figures among young smokers were 40% and 26%, respectively.



Healthcare providers have the potential to become a key reference point in the fight against smoking. However, before acting, GPs and dentists should set a good example: those who smoke should urgently quit or at least refrain from smoking during working hours.



GPs and dentists, reaching the large majority of Italian smokers, can make a major contribution in the fight against tobacco. Future studies are needed to investigate possible reasons of the apparently high smoking prevalence among GPs, in order to develop tailored smoking cessation interventions for healthcare providers.
Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; silvano.gallus@marionegri.it.
Silvano
S
Gallus
Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
Alessandra
A
Lugo
Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
Silvio
S
Garattini
Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
Roberta
R
Pacifici
Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
Luisa
L
Mastrobattista
Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
Giuseppe
G
Marzo
Department of Maternal and Child Dentistry, Istituto Stomatologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.|Fondazione dell'Istituto Stomatologico Italiano (ISI), Milan, Italy.
Luigi
L
Paglia
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003376:Counseling; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003815:Dentists; D005260:Female; D058005:General Practitioners; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D055815:Young Adult