Association of Vitamin B12 with Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Biochemical Markers Related to Cardiometabolic Risk in Saudi Subjects.
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to examine the relationship between changes in systemic vitamin B12 concentrations with pro-inflammatory cytokines, anthropometric factors and biochemical markers of cardiometabolic risk in a Saudi population.


METHODS
A total of 364 subjects (224 children, age: 12.99 ± 2.73 (mean ± SD) years; BMI: 20.07 ± 4.92 kg/m² and 140 adults, age: 41.87 ± 8.82 years; BMI: 31.65 ± 5.77 kg/m²) were studied. Fasting blood, anthropometric and biochemical data were collected. Serum cytokines were quantified using multiplex assay kits and B12 concentrations were measured using immunoassay analyzer.


RESULTS
Vitamin B12 was negatively associated with TNF-α (r = -0.14, p < 0.05), insulin (r = -0.230, p < 0.01) and HOMA-IR (r = -0.252, p < 0.01) in all subjects. In children, vitamin B12 was negatively associated with serum resistin (r = -0.160, p < 0.01), insulin (r = -0.248, p < 0.01), HOMA-IR (r = -0.261, p < 0.01). In adults, vitamin B12 was negatively associated with TNF-α (r = -0.242, p < 0.01) while positively associated with resistin (r = 0.248, p < 0.01). Serum resistin was the most significant predictor for circulating vitamin B12 in all subjects (r² = -0.17, p < 0.05) and in children (r² = -0.167, p < 0.01) while HDL-cholesterol was the predictor of B12 in adults (r² = -0.78, p < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Serum vitamin B12 concentrations were associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines and biochemical markers of cardiometabolic risks in adults. Maintaining adequate vitamin B12 concentrations may lower inflammation-induced cardiometabolic risk in the Saudi adult population.
Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. aldaghri2011@gmail.com.|Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. aldaghri2011@gmail.com.
Nasser M
NM
Al-Daghri
Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. shakilhamdard@gmail.com.|Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. shakilhamdard@gmail.com.
Shakilur
S
Rahman
Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. eaglescout01@yahoo.com.|Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. eaglescout01@yahoo.com.
Shaun
S
Sabico
Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. sobhy.yakout@gmail.com.|Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. sobhy.yakout@gmail.com.
Sobhy
S
Yakout
Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. wani.kaiser@gmail.com.|Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. wani.kaiser@gmail.com.
Kaiser
K
Wani
Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. omrattas@ksu.edu.sa.|Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. omrattas@ksu.edu.sa.
Omar S
OS
Al-Attas
Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK. p.saravanan@warwick.ac.uk.
Ponnusamy
P
Saravanan
Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. g.tripathi@warwick.ac.uk.|Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. g.tripathi@warwick.ac.uk.|Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UHCW Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Walsgrave, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK. g.tripathi@warwick.ac.uk.|Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK. g.tripathi@warwick.ac.uk.
Gyanendra
G
Tripathi
Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UHCW Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Walsgrave, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK. p.g.mcternan@warwick.ac.uk.
Philip G
PG
McTernan
Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. msa85@yahoo.co.uk.|Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. msa85@yahoo.co.uk.
Majed S
MS
Alokail
D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008875:Middle Aged; D052243:Resistin / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D055105:Waist Circumference
D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D008055:Lipids; D052243:Resistin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014805:Vitamin B 12
TNF-α; cardiometabolic diseases; resistin; vitamin B12