Comparison of skin properties in individuals living in cities at two different altitudes: an investigation of the environmental effect on skin.
BACKGROUND
Skin properties vary depending on exogenous factors. Various studies have been used for comparing skin properties between cities for studying environment influence on skin properties. However, for comparison of skin properties between cities, various environmental factors have to be considered.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study therefore was to compare skin properties in individuals of the same ethnicity and sex (Indonesian women) between different altitudes and to interpret the environmental effect on skin.


METHODS
In this study, we reanalyzed the data obtained from previous study. The data were for healthy Sundanese Indonesian females [(n = 136) at Jakarta (n = 49) and Bandung (n = 87)], and the data consisted of published data (skin hydration, sebum level, pH, elasticity, and transepidermal water loss) and unpublished data [skin color (L*, a*, and b*)]. The skin parameters were measured on Indonesian females aged 20-34 using C+K devices (corneometer, sebumeter, pH meter, and cutometer), Delfin vapometer, and Minolta spectrophotometer, respectively.


RESULTS
Sundanese Jakarta (low-altitude) females had higher sebum level and greater redness (a*) value in the forehead than Sundanese Bandung (high-altitude) females. In contrast, Bandung females had higher skin pH, brighter skin color, and greater forehead skin elasticity than Jakarta females.


CONCLUSIONS
The skin properties can be influenced by changing altitude because different altitudes have different environments such as air temperature, humidity, UV radiation, and so on, and it is also necessary to investigate the factors which can influence with perceived skin condition such as skin type and skin concerning.
Skin Research Institute, Amore-Pacific R&D Center, Yongin, Korea.
Myeongryeol
M
Lee
Skin Research Institute, Amore-Pacific R&D Center, Yongin, Korea.
Yuchul
Y
Jung
Skin Research Institute, Amore-Pacific R&D Center, Yongin, Korea.
Eunjoo
E
Kim
Skin Research Institute, Amore-Pacific R&D Center, Yongin, Korea.
Hae Kwang
HK
Lee
D000328:Adult; D000531:Altitude; D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism; D002947:Cities; D004548:Elasticity; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D005546:Forehead; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007214:Indonesia; D012629:Sebum / Q000378:metabolism; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena; D012880:Skin Pigmentation; D014870:Water Loss, Insensible; D055815:Young Adult
altitude; environmental variations; noninvasive; skin biophysical parameters