Application of Mass Spectrometry Technology to Early Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Infections.
We recently developed a mass spectrometry (MS) procedure based on the detection of a serum disaccharide (MS-DS) in patients with invasive candidiasis (IC). Here, we compare the performance of MS-DS for the diagnosis of IC, invasive aspergillosis (IA), and mucormycosis (MM) with those of commercially available antigen detection tests. This retrospective study included 48 patients (23 IC patients [74 serum samples], 15 IA patients [40 serum samples], and 10 MM patients [15 serum samples]) and 49 appropriate controls (102 serum samples). MS-DS, mannan (Mnn), galactomannan (GM), and (1,3)-β-d-glucan (BDG) were detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) MS, Platelia, and Fungitell assays, respectively. For IC, the sensitivity and specificity of the MS-DS index, BDG detection, and Mnn detection were 62% and 84%, 82% and 60%, and 33% and 94% per serum sample and 83% and 69%, 96% and 31%, and 39% and 86% per patient, respectively. For IA, the corresponding values in comparison to BDG and GM detection were 83% and 81%, 62% and 95%, and 62% and 100% per serum sample and 93% and 76%, 87% and 90%, and 93% and 100% per patient, respectively. Nine of the 10 MM patients had a positive MS-DS result. MS-DS gave an early diagnosis in IC (73% positivity before blood culture), IA (positive before GM detection in six patients), and MM (positivity mainly preceded the date of diagnosis) patients. For IC, persisting MS-DS was associated with a poor prognosis. The different biomarkers were rarely detected simultaneously, suggesting different kinetics of release and clearance. For IA, MS-DS provided better complementation to GM monitoring than BDG monitoring. MS-DS detects panfungal molecules circulating during invasive fungal infections. The performance of MS-DS compared favorably with those of biological tests currently recommended for monitoring at-risk patients. Further validation of this test in multicenter studies is required.
SATT Nord-de-France, Lille, France.|Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France.
Alexandre
A
Mery
CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Lille, France.|Université Lille, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Centre, Lille, France.|INSERM, U995-Team 2, Lille, France.
Boualem
B
Sendid
CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Lille, France.|Université Lille, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Centre, Lille, France.|INSERM, U995-Team 2, Lille, France.
Nadine
N
François
CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Lille, France.|Université Lille, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Centre, Lille, France.|INSERM, U995-Team 2, Lille, France.
Marjorie
M
Cornu
Université Lille, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Centre, Lille, France.|INSERM, U995-Team 2, Lille, France.|CHU Lille, Pôle de Réanimation, Lille, France.
Julien
J
Poissy
Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France.
Yann
Y
Guerardel
CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Lille, France daniel.poulain@univ-lille2.fr.|Université Lille, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Centre, Lille, France.|INSERM, U995-Team 2, Lille, France.|CHU Lille, Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l'Innovation, Lille, France.
Daniel
D
Poulain
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000072742:Invasive Fungal Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008828:Microbiological Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult