Flavonoids and a Limonoid from the Fruits of Citrus unshiu and Their Biological Activity.
The fruits of Citrus unshiu are one of the most popular and most enjoyed fruits in Korea. As we continue to seek for bioactive metabolites from Korean natural resources, our study on the chemical constituents of the fruits of C. unshiu resulted in the isolation of a new flavonoid glycoside, limocitrunshin 1, along with seven other flavonoids 2-8 and a limonoid 9. All structures were identified by spectroscopic methods, namely 1D and 2D NMR, including HSQC, HMBC, and (1)H-(1)H COSY experiments, HRMS, and other chemical methods. Compounds 3, 5, and 9 are reported to be isolated from this fruit for the first time. The isolated compounds were applied to activity tests to verify their inhibitory effects on inflammation and nephrotoxicity. Compounds 6 and 9 showed the most potent inhibitory activity on renal cell damage and nitric oxide production, respectively. Thus, the fruits of C. unshiu could serve as a valuable natural source of bioactive components with health benefits for potential application in functional foods.
School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
Hee Jeong
HJ
Eom
School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.|College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University , Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea.
Dahae
D
Lee
School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
Seulah
S
Lee
Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration , Eumseoung 369-873, Republic of Korea.
Hyung Jun
HJ
Noh
Citrus Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration , Jeju 697-943, Republic of Korea.
Jae Wook
JW
Hyun
Citrus Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration , Jeju 697-943, Republic of Korea.
Pyoung Ho
PH
Yi
College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University , Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea.
Ki Sung
KS
Kang
School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
Ki Hyun
KH
Kim
D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006027:Glycosides / Q000737:chemistry; D036701:Limonins / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D056910:Republic of Korea
D005419:Flavonoids; D006027:Glycosides; D036701:Limonins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009569:Nitric Oxide
Citrus unshiu; Rutaceae; flavonoid; nephrotoxicity; nitric oxide