Effects of exposure to bisphenol A and ethinyl estradiol on the gut microbiota of parents and their offspring in a rodent model.
Gut dysbiosis may result in various diseases, such as metabolic and neurobehavioral disorders. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including bisphenol A (BPA) and ethinyl estradiol (EE), especially during development, may also increase the risk for such disorders. An unexplored possibility is that EDC-exposure might alter the gut microbial composition. Gut flora and their products may thus be mediating factors for the disease-causing effects of these chemicals. To examine the effects of EDCs on the gut microbiome, female and male monogamous and biparental California mice (Peromyscus californicus) were exposed to BPA (50 mg/kg feed weight) or EE (0.1 ppb) or control diet from periconception through weaning. 16s rRNA sequencing was performed on bacterial DNA isolated from fecal samples, and analyses performed for P0and F1males and females. Both BPA and EE induced generational and sex-dependent gut microbiome changes. Many of the bacteria, e.g. Bacteroides, Mollicutes, Prevotellaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, Akkermansia, Methanobrevibacter, Sutterella, whose proportions increase with exposure to BPA or EE in the P0or F1generation are associated with different disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), metabolic disorders, and colorectal cancer. However, the proportion of the beneficial bacterium, Bifidobacterium, was also elevated in fecal samples of BPA- and EE-exposed F1females. Intestinal flora alterations were also linked to changes in various metabolic and other pathways. Thus, BPA and EE exposure may disrupt the normal gut flora, which may in turn result in systemic effects. Probiotic supplementation might be an effective means to mitigate disease-promoting effects of these chemicals.
a Bond Life Sciences Center , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO USA.|b Biomedical Sciences , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO USA.
Angela B
AB
Javurek
a Bond Life Sciences Center , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO USA.|c Informatics Research Core Facility , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO USA.
William G
WG
Spollen
a Bond Life Sciences Center , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO USA.|b Biomedical Sciences , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO USA.|d Animal Sciences , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO USA.
Sarah A
SA
Johnson
e DNA Core Facility , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO USA.
Nathan J
NJ
Bivens
e DNA Core Facility , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO USA.
Karen H
KH
Bromert
a Bond Life Sciences Center , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO USA.|c Informatics Research Core Facility , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO USA.|f Molecular Microbiology and Immunology , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO USA.
Scott A
SA
Givan
a Bond Life Sciences Center , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO USA.|b Biomedical Sciences , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO USA.|g Genetics Area Program , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO USA.|h Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO USA.
Cheryl S
CS
Rosenfeld
D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D010542:Peromyscus / Q000382:microbiology*; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
DOHaD; Peromyscus; bacteria; california mice; endocrine disrupting chemicals; estrogens; metabolic pathway