Effects of low-molecular-weight organic acids on the acute lethality, accumulation, and enzyme activity of cadmium in Eisenia fetida in a simulated soil solution.
In the present study, the effects of low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) on the toxicity of cadmium (Cd) to Eisenia fetida were investigated in a simulated soil solution. The LMWOAs protected E. fetida from Cd toxicity, as indicated by the increased median lethal concentration (LC50) values and the increased activity of superoxide dismutase. In addition, Cd concentrations in E. fetida decreased dramatically in the presence of LMWOAs. These results were likely because of the complexation between Cd and LMWOAs, which decreased the bioavailability and consequential toxicity of Cd to E. fetida. Notably, LMWOAs reduced Cd toxicity in decreasing order (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid [EDTA] > citric acid > oxalic acid > malic acid > acetic acid), which was consistent with the decreasing complexation constants between LMWOAs and Cd. These results advance our understanding of the interactions between Cd and LMWOAs in soil. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1005-1011. © 2016 SETAC.
Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Hai-Long
HL
Liu
Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
Yu-Jun
YJ
Wang
Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
Liang
L
Xuan
Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
Fei
F
Dang
Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
Dong-Mei
DM
Zhou
D000144:Acids, Acyclic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D008293:Malates / Q000494:pharmacology; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D019815:Oxalic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D012996:Solutions; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute
D000144:Acids, Acyclic; D008293:Malates; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D012996:Solutions; D002104:Cadmium; D019343:Citric Acid; C030298:malic acid; D019815:Oxalic Acid
Cadmium; Complexation constant; Eisenia fetida; Low-molecular-weight organic acids; Simulated soil solution