Urinary levels of early kidney injury molecules in children with vitamin B12 deficiency.
The aim of this study was to investigate urine early kidney injury molecules, including human kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), liver-type fatty-acid binding protein (L-FABP), N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase A (NAG), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in children with vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency (CD). Twelve children with vitamin B12 deficiency and 20 healthy matched controls were included. Hematologic parameters, serum urea, creatinine (Cr), electrolytes, B12 and folate levels were recorded. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated. Urine protein, electrolytes, andurinary early markers were measured. Patients with CD had significantly higher urine electrolyte/Cr ratios (p <0.05). Significantly higher urinary KIM-1/Cr, L-FABP/Cr, NAG/Cr and NGAL/Cr were found in CD group (p <0.05). Significant negative correlations were found between levels of serum B12 and urinary markers in the patients (p <0.05). Increased urinary kidney injury molecules and electrolytes in children with B12 deficiency suggest a possible subclinical renal dysfunction, which cannot be determined by conventional kidney function tests.
Dicle University, Medical School Department of Pediatrics, Diyarbakir, Turkey. draligunes@gmail.com.
Ali
A
Güneş
Dicle University, Medical School Department of Pediatrics, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
Fesih
F
Aktar
Dicle University, Medical School Department of Pediatrics, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
İlhan
İ
Tan
Dicle University, Medical School Department of Pediatric Hematology, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
Murat
M
Söker
Dicle University, Medical School Department of Pediatrics, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
Ünal
Ü
Uluca
Dicle University, Medical School Department of Pediatrics, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
Hasan
H
Balık
Dicle University, Medical School Department of Biochemistry, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
Nuriye
N
Mete
D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D014806:Vitamin B 12 Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000652:urine*
D015415:Biomarkers
KIM-1; Kidney injury; L-FABP; NAG; NGAL; Vitamin B12 deficiency