Possible effects of a course in cardiovascular nursing on prehospital care of patients experiencing suspected acute coronary syndrome: a cluster randomised controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
Current research suggests that nurses can influence the outcome for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The aim of this study has been to evaluate whether a course in cardiovascular nursing (CVN) can improve ambulance nurses' (ANs') prehospital care of patients experiencing suspected ACS, related to pain intensity.


METHODS
This is a cluster randomised controlled trial that was conducted in the ambulance services. Patients were allocated to one of two groups: in the first group, patients were treated by ANs who had attended the CVN course and in the second group patients were treated by ANs without this qualification. Inclusion criteria were: 1/pain raising suspicion of ACS, and 2/pain score ≥4 on a visual analogue scale (VAS). The primary outcome was the estimated intensity of pain or discomfort according to VAS 15 min after randomisation. Secondary outcomes were estimated intensity of pain or discomfort on admission to hospital and further requirement of pain treatment, as well as symptoms such as paleness and/or cold sweat; nausea and/or vomiting; anxiety, dyspnea, degree of alertness, respiratory depression and aggressiveness. A further secondary outcome measured was survival to 30 days. Lastly, a final diagnosis was made. A total of 38 ANs attended the CVN course. There were 1,747 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria.


RESULTS
The pain score did not differ significantly between the two groups fifteen minutes after randomisation (median value of VAS was 4.0 in both groups). On admission to hospital the pain score was significantly lower for patients treated by an AN who had attended the CVN course (n = 332) compared with those treated by an AN who had not attended the course (n = 1,415) (median 2.5 and 3.0 respectively, p = 0.001). The ANs who had attended the course used higher doses of morphine.


CONCLUSIONS
An educational intervention with a CVN course did not relate significantly to more efficient pain relief in suspected ACS during the first 15 min. However, this intervention was associated with more effective pain relief later on in the prehospital setting. Thus, a CVN course for ANs appears to be associated with reduced pain intensity among patients experiencing suspected ACS. This result needs however to be confirmed in further trials.


BACKGROUND
The ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration System (registration number NCT00792181).
PreHospen - Centre for Prehospital Research, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden ; Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden ; School of Health Sciences, University of Borås, SE-501 90 Borås, Sweden.
Birgitta
B
Wireklint Sundström
PreHospen - Centre for Prehospital Research, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden ; Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden.
Mats
M
Holmberg
PreHospen - Centre for Prehospital Research, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden ; Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden.
Johan
J
Herlitz
Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Thomas
T
Karlsson
PreHospen - Centre for Prehospital Research, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden ; Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden.
Henrik
H
Andersson
Acute coronary syndrome; Ambulance nurse; Ambulance services; Educational intervention; Lifeworld; Pain treatment