Crucial Roles of Systemic and Tissue Lipid Peroxidation Levels and Anti-Oxidant Defences Following Contrast Agent Application.
BACKGROUND
One of the most important side effects of contrast pharmaceutical agents, which are used very common in routine radiology practice, is contrast induced nephropathy. Even ischemia, oxidative stress and osmolality related cytotoxic effects are considered, the molecular mechanisms underlying this pathology have not been identified completely yet.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of the current study was to reveal the role of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymatic defence mechanisms in the aetiopathogenesis of contrast-induced nephropathy. We also studied possible alleviating effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a potent antioxidant, to obtain extra information regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying this pathology.


METHODS
This is an clinical-experimental study, This study was conducted of Istanbul/Turkey between September 15, 2012 and April 15, 2013. Three groups of male rats were randomly set up as a control group (C), a 100 mg/kg intraperitoneal NAC + 7 mL/kg contrast agent group (N + CIN) and a 7 mL/kg intraperitoneal contrast agent group (CIN). They were placed in individual metabolic cages 48 hours after agent administration to obtain 24-hour urine samples. Renal function tests (albumin, urea, creatinine, total protein) were conducted, oxidative stress parameters (Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase activity - Cu, Zn-SOD; advanced oxidation protein products - AOPP; protein carbonyls - PCO; total thiol groups - T-SH; and lipid hydroperoxides -LHP) were measured and tissues were analysed histopathologically.


RESULTS
Compared with the control group, groups CIN and N + CIN had significantly higher urea and LHP levels (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively) and significantly lower Cu, Zn-SOD activity and creatinine clearance (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in PCO or AOPP levels despite differences in descriptive statistics.


CONCLUSIONS
Contrast-agent-induced nephropathic changes are more closely related to the magnitude of lipid peroxidation than protein oxidation.
Okmeydani Research and Educational Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Gungor
G
Sitar
Okmeydani Research and Educational Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Mehmet
M
Kucuk
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Mustafa
M
Erinc Sitar
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Ozgur
O
Yasar
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Seval
S
Aydin
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Karolin
K
Yanar
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Ufuk
U
Cakatay
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Nur
N
Buyukpınarbasili
Contrast Media; Lipid Peroxidation; Nephropathy; Oxidation Protein; Oxidative Stress