Increased risk of cognitive impairment in patients with components of metabolic syndrome.
The number of old adults with cognitive impairment or dementia is anticipated to increase rapidly due to the aging population, especially the number of patients with multiple chronic conditions or metabolic perturbation. Metabolic syndrome (Mets) is among the most hazardous risk factors for cardiovascular disease and is linked to a chronic inflammatory disease. We investigated the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database for the years 1999 to 2002 to explore the connection between Mets and cognitive decline.A total of 2252 NHANES (1999-2002)-registered individuals who were stroke-free and aged ≧60 years were enrolled in this study. This study surveyed the effects of the existence of diverse characteristics of Mets on the individuals' cognitive performances as measured with the digit symbol substitution test (DSST).The individuals with more features of Mets achieved lower DSST scores than those with fewer constituents of Mets (P < 0.001 for the trend) after adjustments for covariates. The β coefficients for the DSST scores of the participants with 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 features of Mets were -1.545, -3.866, -4.763, and -5.263, respectively. Cognitive decline was correlated with each of the constituents of Mets, which included high plasma glucose, elevated blood pressure, abdominal obesity, and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.05 for the above factors), with the exception of high triglyceride levels (P > 0.05).Mets was positively associated with cognitive decline in individuals aged ≧60 years. The characteristics of Mets that were most strongly associated with cognitive decline were high plasma glucose and elevated blood pressure.
Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center,Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China Division of Family Medicine Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center,Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Chia-Kuang
CK
Tsai
Tung-Wei
TW
Kao
Jiunn-Tay
JT
Lee
Chen-Jung
CJ
Wu
Dueng-Yuan
DY
Hueng
Chih-Sung
CS
Liang
Gia-Chi
GC
Wang
Fu-Chi
FC
Yang
Wei-Liang
WL
Chen
D000368:Aged; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
D008076:Cholesterol, HDL