Diets enriched in whey or casein improve energy balance and prevent morbidity and renal damage in salt-loaded and high-fat-fed spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats.
High-fat diets induce obesity and increase risks of diabetes and cardiovascular and renal disorders. Whey- or casein-enriched diets decrease food intake and weight gain; however, their cardiovascular and renal benefits are unclear. We determined whether whey- and casein-enriched diets improve energy balance and are protective against renal damage and morbidity associated with stroke in an obesogenic and hypertensive experimental setting. We also assessed whether the hypophagic effects of these diets were due to reduced diet preference. In experiment 1, spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats were randomized to (a) control (CON; 14% kcal protein, 33% fat), (b) whey (WHY; 40% protein, 33% fat), (c) casein (CAS; 40% protein, 33% fat) or (d) chow (CHW; 24% protein, 13% fat) for 12 weeks with 1% salt in drinking water for CON, WHY and CAS groups. Our results demonstrated that both WHY and CAS produced short-term hypophagia, moderately increased energy expenditure and decreased respiratory quotient, body weight and lean mass, with effects of WHY being more prolonged. Further, only WHY decreased fat mass and blood pressure. Importantly, both WHY and CAS prevented morbidity associated with stroke and decreased indices of renal inflammation (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6) and damage (osteopontin, renal lesions). In experiment 2, following four initial conditioning trials, the preference for CON, WHY or CAS diet was determined. Both WHY and CAS decreased food intake during conditioning and decreased preference. In conclusion, diets enriched in whey or casein improved energy balance, increased survival and prevented renal damage in salt-loaded and high-fat-fed spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats.
Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Arashdeep
A
Singh
Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Adel
A
Pezeshki
Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Rizaldy C
RC
Zapata
Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Nicholas J
NJ
Yee
Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Cameron G
CG
Knight
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Ursula I
UI
Tuor
Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Electronic address: pchelika@ucalgary.ca.
Prasanth K
PK
Chelikani
D050154:Adiposity; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002364:Caseins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002417:Cattle; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006973:Hypertension / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011897:Random Allocation; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015430:Weight Gain; D000067796:Whey / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000067816:Whey Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D015415:Biomarkers; D002364:Caseins; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D000067816:Whey Proteins
Body composition; Energy balance; High-fat diets; Kidney damage; Stroke-prone rats; Whey and casein