Mumps Virus: Modification of the Identify-Isolate-Inform Tool for Frontline Healthcare Providers.
Mumps is a highly contagious viral infection that became rare in most industrialized countries following the introduction of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine in 1967. The disease, however, has been re-emerging with several outbreaks over the past decade. Many clinicians have never seen a case of mumps. To assist frontline healthcare providers with detecting potential cases and initiating critical actions, investigators modified the "Identify-Isolate-Inform" tool for mumps infection. The tool is applicable to regions with rare incidences or local outbreaks, especially seen in college students, as well as globally in areas where vaccination is less common. Mumps begins with a prodrome of low-grade fever, myalgias and malaise/anorexia, followed by development of nonsuppurative parotitis, which is the pathognomonic finding associated with acute mumps infection. Orchitis and meningitis are the two most common serious complications, with hearing loss and infertility occurring rarely. Providers should consider mumps in patients with exposure to a known case or international travel to endemic regions who present with consistent signs and symptoms. If mumps is suspected, healthcare providers must immediately implement standard and droplet precautions and notify the local health department and hospital infection control personnel.
University of California Irvine, Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Disaster Medical Sciences, Orange, California.
Kristi L
KL
Koenig
University of California Irvine Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Orange California.
Siri
S
Shastry
University of California Irvine, Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Disaster Medical Sciences, Orange, California; King Fahad Medical City, Department of Emergency Medicine, Saudi Arabia.
Bandr
B
Mzahim
University of California Irvine, Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Disaster Medical Sciences, Orange, California; Qassim University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Saudi Arabia.
Abdulmajeed
A
Almadhyan
University of California Irvine, Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, and Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Orange, California.
Michael J
MJ
Burns
D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D022542:Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009107:Mumps / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D009109:Mumps virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010309:Parotitis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010356:Patient Isolation; D011634:Public Health; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
D022542:Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine