Promising novel therapeutic approaches in the management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
Primary and secondary resistance to currently available licensed tyrosine kinase inhibitors poses a real clinical challenge in the management of advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Within the frame of early phase clinical trials novel systemic treatments are currently being evaluated to target both the well explored and novel emerging downstream effectors of KIT and PDGFRA signaling. Alternative therapeutic approaches also include exploring novel inhibitors of the KIT/PDGFRA receptors, immune checkpoint and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. The final clinical trial outcome data for these agents are highly anticipated. Integration of new diagnostic techniques into routine clinical practice can potentially guide tailored delivery of agents in the treatment of a highly polyclonal, heterogeneous disease such as heavily pretreated advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor.
The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
Zoltan
Z
Szucs
The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
Khin
K
Thway
The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
Cyril
C
Fisher
Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
Ramesh
R
Bulusu
The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
Anastasia
A
Constantinidou
The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
Charlotte
C
Benson
The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.|The Institute of Cancer Research, Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK.
Winette Ta
WT
van der Graaf
The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
Robin L
RL
Jones
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D019468:Disease Management; D046152:Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009154:Mutation; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D020796:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C095239:ETV1 protein, human; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; D020796:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha
GIST; KIT; PFGFRA; novel therapy