Malformations of the middle and inner ear on CT imaging in 22q11 deletion syndrome.
The 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), the most frequent microdeletion syndrome in humans, presents with a large variety of abnormalities. A common abnormality is hearing impairment. The exact pathophysiological explanation of the observed hearing loss remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the middle and inner ear malformations as seen on computer tomographic imaging in patients with 22q11DS. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 11 22q11DS patients who had undergone a CT of the temporal bone in the past. Of the 22 examined ears, two showed an abnormal malleus and incus, 10 presented with a dense stapes superstructure, and three ears had an abnormal orientation of the stapes. With regard to the inner ear, 12 ears showed an incomplete partition type II with a normal vestibular aqueduct. In four ears the vestibule and lateral semicircular canal were composed of a single cavity, in 14 ears the vestibule was too wide, and three ears had a broadened lateral semicircular canal. These findings suggest that malformations of the stapes, cochlea, vestibule, and lateral semicircular canal are frequent in 22q11DS. To our knowledge, the current study involves the largest case series describing middle and inner ear malformations in 22q11DS. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Elke
E
Loos
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.|Department of Neurosciences, ExpORL, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Nicolas
N
Verhaert
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Annelore
A
Willaert
Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Koenraad
K
Devriendt
Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Ann
A
Swillen
Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Robert
R
Hermans
Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Katya
K
Op de Beeck
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. greet.hens@uzleuven.be.|Department of Neurosciences, ExpORL, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. greet.hens@uzleuven.be.
Greet
G
Hens
D058165:22q11 Deletion Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001299:Audiometry; D002648:Child; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013577:Syndrome; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult
22q11 deletion syndrome; DiGeorge syndrome; Shprintzen syndrome; Velocardiofacial syndrome; cochlea; ear, inner; ear, middle; hearing loss; ossicular malformations; semicircular canal; stapes; vestibule, labyrinth