Slope climbing challenges, fear of heights, anxiety and time of the day.
When exposed to an unfamiliar open space, animals experience fear and attempt to find an escape route. Anxiety emerges when animals are confronted with a challenging obstacle to this fear motivated escape. High anxiety animals do not take risks; they avoid the challenge. The present experiments investigated this risk avoidant behavior in mice. In experiment 1, BALB/c, C57BL/6J and CD-1 mice were exposed to a large platform with downward inclined steep slopes attached on two opposite sides. The platform was elevated 75 and 100cm from the ground, in a standard (SPDS) and in a raised (RPDS) configuration, respectively. In experiment 2, the platform was elevated 75cm from the ground. Mice had to climb onto a stand at the top of upward inclined slopes (SPUS). In experiment 3, BALB/c mice were exposed to SPDS with steep or shallow slopes either in early morning or in late afternoon. In all 3 test configurations, mice spent more time in the areas adjacent to the slopes than in the areas adjacent to void, however only C57BL/6J and CD-1 crossed onto the slopes in SPDS, and crossed onto the stands in SPUS whereas BALB/c remained on the platform in SPDS and explored the slopes in SPUS. Elevation of the platform from the ground reduced the crossings onto the slopes in C57BL/6J and CD-1, and no differences were observed between BALB/c and C57BL/6J. BALB/c mice demonstrated no difference in anxiety when tested early morning or late afternoon; they crossed onto shallow slopes and avoided the steep one.
University of Sunderland, Sunderland Pharmacy School, Sunderland, UK. Electronic address: abdel.ennaceur@gmail.com.
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Ennaceur
University of Sunderland, Sunderland Pharmacy School, Sunderland, UK; Durham University, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham, UK.
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MD
Hussain
University of Sunderland, Sunderland Pharmacy School, Sunderland, UK; Durham University, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham, UK.
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RM
Abuhamdah
Sharjah University, Basic Medical Science Department, College of Medicine, United Arab Emirates.
R M
RM
Mostafa
Durham University, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham, UK.
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PL
Chazot
D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology*; D057906:Circadian Clocks; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D013045:Species Specificity; D000072799:Stair Climbing / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
Affordance; Anxiety; Attention bias; Climbing; Decision-making; Fear