Isothiocyanates Are Promising Compounds against Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Cell Death that May Benefit Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is recognized as the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by a slow and progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Despite intensive research, the mechanisms involved in neuronal loss are not completely understood yet; however, misfolded proteins, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity and inflammation play a pivotal role in the progression of the pathology. Neuroinflammation may have a greater function in PD pathogenesis than initially believed, taking part in the cascade of events that leads to neuronal death. To date, no efficient therapy, able to arrest or slow down PD, is available. In this context, the need to find novel strategies to counteract neurodegenerative progression by influencing diseases' pathogenesis is becoming increasingly clear. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) have already shown interesting properties in detoxification, inflammation, apoptosis and cell cycle regulation through the induction of phase I and phase II enzyme systems. Moreover, ITCs may be able to modulate several key points in oxidative and inflammatory evolution. In view of these considerations, the aim of the present review is to describe ITCs as pleiotropic compounds capable of preventing and modulating the evolution of PD.
Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy. giulia.sita2@unibo.it.
Giulia
G
Sita
Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy. patrizia.hrelia@unibo.it.
Patrizia
P
Hrelia
Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto, 237, 47900 Rimini, Italy. andrea.tarozzi@unibo.it.
Andrea
A
Tarozzi
Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy. fabiana.morroni@unibo.it.
Fabiana
F
Morroni
D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000072019:Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D000072019:Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts
NrF2 pathway; Parkinson’s disease; isothiocyanates; neuroinflammation; neuroprotection; oxidative stress