Comparative analyses of isoforms of the calcium-independent phosphatidylethanolamine N-acyltransferase PLAAT-1 in humans and mice.
N-Acylphosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs) are a class of glycerophospholipids, which are known as precursors for different bioactive N-acylethanolamines. We previously reported that phospholipase A/acyltransferase-1 (PLAAT-1), which was originally found in mammals as a tumor suppressor, catalyzes N-acylation of phosphatidylethanolamines to form NAPEs. However, recent online database suggested the presence of an uncharacterized isoform of PLAAT-1 with an extra sequence at the N terminus. In the present study, we examined the occurrence, intracellular localization, and catalytic properties of this longer isoform, as well as the original shorter isoform from humans and mice. Our results showed that human tissues express the longer isoform but not the short isoform at all. In contrast, mice expressed both isoforms with different tissue distribution. Unlike the cytoplasmic localization of the shorter isoform, the long isoform was found in both cytoplasm and nucleus, inferring that the extra sequence harbors a nuclear localization signal. As assayed with purified proteins, neither isoform required calcium for full activity. Moreover, the overexpression of each isoform remarkably increased cellular NAPE levels. These results conclude that the new long isoform of PLAAT-1 is a calcium-independent N-acyltransferase existing in both cytoplasm and nucleus and suggest a possible formation of NAPEs in various membrane structures including nuclear membrane. J. Lipid Res 2016. 57: 2051-2060.
Department of Biochemistry Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
Zahir
Z
Hussain
Department of Biochemistry Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
Toru
T
Uyama
Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
Katsuhisa
K
Kawai
Department of Biochemistry Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
Iffat Ara Sonia
IA
Rahman
Department of Biochemistry Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
Kazuhito
K
Tsuboi
Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
Nobukazu
N
Araki
Department of Biochemistry Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan nueda@med.kagawa-u.ac.jp.
Natsuo
N
Ueda
D000215:Acylation; D000217:Acyltransferases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002384:Catalysis; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000201:enzymology; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000201:enzymology; D063388:Endocannabinoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D020404:Glycerophospholipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D054466:Phospholipases A1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics
D063388:Endocannabinoids; D020404:Glycerophospholipids; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D000217:Acyltransferases; D054466:Phospholipases A1; D002118:Calcium
HRAS-like suppressor family; N-acylethanolamine; N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine; acyltransferase; endocannabinoids; phospholipase A/acyltransferase-1; phospholipases/A2; phospholipids; phospholipids/biosynthesis; phospholipids/phosphatidylethanolamine