Characterization and lead(II) ions removal of modified Punica granatum L. peels.
The aim of the present study was to enhance the biosorption capacity of a waste biomass of Punica granatum L. peels (PGL) using various chemical modification agents. Among these agents, hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) indicated the best performance with regard to the improvement of lead(II) ions removal from aqueous solution. The characterization of HMDA-modified P. granatum L. peels (HMDA-PGL) was achieved by using elemental analysis, FT-IR, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and zeta potential measurement techniques. Based on FT-IR study, the chemical modification of P. granatum L. peels take place with its carboxyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl, etc. groups and these groups are responsible for the biosorption of lead(II) ions onto modified biomass. Biosorption equilibrium and kinetic data fitted well the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic models, respectively. The highest biosorption capacity obtained from Langmuir isotherm model was 371.36 mg g-1. Biosorption process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature according to the thermodynamic results and it quickly reached the equilibrium within 60 minutes. The validity of kinetic models used in this study can be quantitatively tested by using a normalized standard deviation Δq(%).
a Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies , Kutahya Vocational School, Dumlupinar University , Kutahya , Turkey.
Çiğdem
Ç
Ay
b Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey.
Asiye Safa
AS
Özcan
c Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Arts and Science, Dumlupınar University , Kütahya , Turkey.
Yunus
Y
Erdoğan
b Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey.
Adnan
A
Özcan
D000327:Adsorption; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D003959:Diamines / Q000737:chemistry*; D005029:Ethylenediamines / Q000737:chemistry; D005525:Food-Processing Industry; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D007700:Kinetics; D007854:Lead / Q000737:chemistry*; D029561:Lythraceae; D012639:Seeds; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
D003959:Diamines; D005029:Ethylenediamines; D007220:Industrial Waste; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D007854:Lead; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; C031234:ethylenediamine; D002122:Calcium Chloride; C007297:1,6-diaminohexane
biosorbent; characterization; heavy metal; lead(II) ions; modification; removal