Extended-nano chromatography.
A novel liquid chromatographic method utilizing the extended-nano space called extended-nano chromatography, encompassing the 10-1000nm region, has emerged recently. It utilizes an extended-nano fluidic channel, which is fabricated on a glass chip, as a separation column. The advantages of extended-nano chromatography are that it uses extremely small sample volumes (attoliter to femtoliter) and demonstrate high separation efficiency. In this review, the fundamentals of extended-nano chromatography are summarized. Instrumentations to realize attoliter sample injections and sensitive detection methods are described. A fabrication method for nanochannel separation columns, including substrate-bonding and surface modification, is also introduced. A highly efficient separation was performed within several seconds, as predicted by the theory. Future perspectives, including living single cell analysis and ultrahigh performance separation, are also discussed.
Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
Hisashi
H
Shimizu
Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
Adelina
A
Smirnova
Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
Kazuma
K
Mawatari
Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan. Electronic address: kitamori@icl.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
Takehiko
T
Kitamori
D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D044085:Microfluidics
Microchip nanofluidics