The effect of oral uptake of nicotine in snus on peripheral skin blood circulation evaluated by thermography.
While health risks from smoking cigarettes are well known, little is known about the health risks of using smokeless tobacco (ST). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect that ST in the form of oral use of snus with nicotine and snus without nicotine has on peripheral skin blood circulation. 21 young habitual users of snus with nicotine participated in this study. Under controlled conditions the subjects were exposed to a 30 minute period of oral use of snus with nicotine (SN+) and snus without nicotine (SN-). The peripheral skin blood circulation was indirectly monitored on the hands by measuring skin temperature using infrared thermography. The skin blood circulation in the hands showed a statistical significant decrease in the SN+ experiments, while skin blood circulation was hardly effected in the SN- experiments. It is concluded that the use of smokeless tobacco in the form of oral use of snus containing nicotine causes a decrease in peripheral skin blood circulation while such an effect is not seen in snus without nicotine. This knowledge may be of use when treating patients that require adequate peripheral skin circulation or in the military when soldiers are exposed cold conditions.
Cardiovascular Research Group; Department of Medical Biology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway ; Tromsø, Norway.
Ina Isabella
II
Høiland
Department of Clinical Medicine; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø, Norway; Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery; University Hospital of North Norway; Tromsø, Norway.
Louis
L
de Weerd
Cardiovascular Research Group; Department of Medical Biology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø, Norway; Department of Radiology; University Hospital of North Norway; Tromsø, Norway.
James B
JB
Mercer
nicotine; peripheral circulation; skin blood perfusion; smokeless tobacco; snus; thermography