Hypertension and Obesity in Dakar, Senegal.
BACKGROUND
Cardiovascular disease is a major public health problem in many sub-Saharan African countries, but data on the main cardiovascular risk factors-hypertension and obesity-are almost nonexistent in Senegal. The aims of this study were therefore (i) to report the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among adults in Dakar, (ii) to assess the prevalence of general and central obesity, and (iii) to analyze the association between hypertension and general and central obesity.


METHODS
A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 2015 on a representative sample of 1000 dwellers of the Senegalese capital aged 20-90.


RESULTS
The overall prevalence of hypertension was 24.7%. Among hypertensive respondents, 28.4% were aware of their condition; 16.0% were on antihypertensive medication; 4.9% had controlled blood pressure. The frequency of doctor visits was a significant predictor of awareness (OR = 2.16; p<0.05) and treatment (OR = 2.57; p<0.05) of hypertension. The prevalence of underweight, overweight and general obesity were 12.6%, 19.2% and 9.7% respectively. The prevalence of central obesity was 26% by WC and 39.8% by WHtR. General obesity and central obesity by WHtR significantly predicted HTN among men and women, but not central obesity by WC.


CONCLUSIONS
This study has demonstrated a high prevalence of hypertension in Dakar and a high prevalence of obesity among women-particularly among older women. The awareness, treatment, and effective control of hypertension are unacceptably low. The blood pressure of women with general obesity, and men with central obesity, in the community should be monitored regularly to limit the burden of cardiovascular disease in Senegal.
UMI 3189 Environnement, santé, sociétés (CNRS / Université Cheikh Anta Diop / Université de Bamako / CNRST Burkina-Faso), Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontostomatologie, Dakar, Senegal.
Enguerran
E
Macia
UMI 3189 Environnement, santé, sociétés (CNRS / Université Cheikh Anta Diop / Université de Bamako / CNRST Burkina-Faso), Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontostomatologie, Dakar, Senegal.
Lamine
L
Gueye
UMR 7268 Anthropologie, Droit, Ethique et Santé (CNRS / Aix-Marseille Université / EFS), Faculté de Médecine, Secteur Nord, CS 80011, Marseille Cedex 15, France.
Priscilla
P
Duboz
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012675:Senegal / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult