Coupling Neurogenetics (GARS™) and a Nutrigenomic Based Dopaminergic Agonist to Treat Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): Targeting Polymorphic Reward Genes for Carbohydrate Addiction Algorithms.
Earlier work from our laboratory, showing anti-addiction activity of a nutraceutical consisting of amino-acid precursors and enkephalinase inhibition properties and our discovery of the first polymorphic gene (Dopamine D2 Receptor Gene [DRD2]) to associate with severe alcoholism serves as a blue-print for the development of "Personalized Medicine" in addiction. Prior to the later genetic finding, we developed the concept of Brain Reward Cascade, which continues to act as an important component for stratification of addiction risk through neurogenetics. In 1996 our laboratory also coined the term "Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS)" to define a common genetic rubric for both substance and non-substance related addictive behaviors. Following many reiterations we utilized polymorphic targets of a number of reward genes (serotonergic, Opioidergic, GABAergic and Dopaminergic) to customize KB220 [Neuroadaptogen- amino-acid therapy (NAAT)] by specific algorithms. Identifying 1,000 obese subjects in the Netherlands a subsequent small subset was administered various KB220Z formulae customized according to respective DNA polymorphisms individualized that translated to significant decreases in both Body Mass Index (BMI) and weight in pounds. Following these experiments, we have been successfully developing a panel of genes known as "Genetic Addiction Risk Score" (GARSpDX)™. Selection of 10 genes with appropriate variants, a statistically significant association between the ASI-Media Version-alcohol and drug severity scores and GARSpDxwas found A variant of KB220Z in abstinent heroin addicts increased resting state functional connectivity in a putative network including: dorsal anterior cingulate, medial frontal gyrus, nucleus accumbens, posterior cingulate, occipital cortical areas, and cerebellum. In addition, we show that KB220Z significantly activates, above placebo, seed regions of interest including the left nucleus accumbens, cingulate gyrus, anterior thalamic nuclei, hippocampus, pre-limbic and infra-limbic loci. KB220Z demonstrates significant functional connectivity, increased brain volume recruitment and enhanced dopaminergic functionality across the brain reward circuitry. We propose aReward Deficiency System Solutionthat promotes early identification and stratification of risk alleles by utilizing GARSDx, allowing for customized nutrigenomic targeting of these risk alleles by altering KB220Z ingredients as an algorithmic function of carrying these polymorphic DNA-SNPS, potentially yielding the first ever nutrigenomic solution for addiction and pain.
Department of Psychiatry & McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Nutrigenomics, RD Solutions Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Addiction Research & Therapy, Malibu Beach Recovery Center, Malibu Beach, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Human Integrated Services Unit, University of Vermont Center for Clinical & Translational Science, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA; Department of Personalized Addiction Medicine IGENE, LLC, Austin, TX, USA; Division of Applied Research & Education and Addition Services, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC., North Kingstown RI, USA; Department of Nutrigenetic & Nutrigenomic Research, Victory Nutrition International, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Personalized Medicine, Path Foundation, NY, USA.
Kenneth
K
Blum
Department of Addiction Research & Therapy, Malibu Beach Recovery Center, Malibu Beach, CA, USA; Division of Applied Research & Education and Addition Services, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC., North Kingstown RI, USA.
Thomas
T
Simpatico
Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, College of Medicine, MN, USA.
Rajendra D
RD
Badgaiyan
Eotvos Lorand University, Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Addiction, Izabella utca, Budapest, Hungary.
Zsolt
Z
Demetrovics
Division of Applied Research & Education and Addition Services, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC., North Kingstown RI, USA.
James
J
Fratantonio
Division of Applied Research & Education and Addition Services, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC., North Kingstown RI, USA.
Gozde
G
Agan
Department of Psychiatry & McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Marcelo
M
Febo
Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine. St. Louis, MO, USA.
Mark S
MS
Gold
Customized DNA based therapy; Dopamine Agnostic therapy; Genetic Addiction Risk Score; Nutrigenetics; Nutrigenomics; Personalized Addiction Medicine