A Single Nanoprobe for Ratiometric Imaging and Biosensing of Hypochlorite and Glutathione in Live Cells Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering.
Hypochlorite (ClO-) and glutathione (GSH) have been reported to closely correlate with oxidative stress and related diseases; however, a clear mechanism is still unknown, mainly owing to a lack of accurate analytical methods for live cells. Herein we create a novel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoprobe, 4-mercaptophenol (4-MP)-functionalized gold flowers (AuF/MP), for imaging and biosensing of ClO-and GSH in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells upon oxidative stress. The SERS spectra of AuF/MP change with the reaction between ClO-and 4-MP on AuFs within 1 min and then recover after reaction with GSH, resulting in the ratiometric detection of ClO-and GSH with high accuracy. The single SERS probe also shows high selectivity for ClO-and GSH detection against other reactive oxygen species and amino acids which may exist in biological systems, as well as remarkable sensitivity ascribed to a larger amount of hot spots on AuFs. The significant analytical performance of the developed nanoprobe, together with good biocompatibility and high cell-permeability, enables the present SERS probe imaging and real-time detection of ClO-and GSH in live cells upon oxidative stress.
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University , Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China.
Weikang
W
Wang
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University , Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China.
Limin
L
Zhang
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University , Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China.
Li
L
Li
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University , Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China.
Yang
Y
Tian
D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid / Q000032:analysis*; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity
C505584:4-mercaptophenol; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D010636:Phenols; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid; D006046:Gold; D005978:Glutathione