Induction of Osmoregulation and Modulation of Salt Stress in Acacia gerrardii Benth. by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Bacillus subtilis (BERA 71).
The role of soil microbiota in plant stress management, though speculated a lot, is still far from being completely understood. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to examine synergistic impact of plant growth promoting rhizobacterium, Bacillus subtilis (BERA 71), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Claroideoglomus etunicatum; Rhizophagus intraradices; and Funneliformis mosseae) to induce acquired systemic resistance in Talh tree (Acacia gerrardii Benth.) against adverse impact of salt stress. Compared to the control, the BERA 71 treatment significantly enhanced root colonization intensity by AMF, in both presence and absence of salt. We also found positive synergistic interaction between B. subtilis and AMF vis-a-vis improvement in the nutritional value in terms of increase in total lipids, phenols, and fiber content. The AMF and BERA 71 inoculated plants showed increased content of osmoprotectants such as glycine, betaine, and proline, though lipid peroxidation was reduced probably as a mechanism of salt tolerance. Furthermore, the application of bioinoculants to Talh tree turned out to be potentially beneficial in ameliorating the deleterious impact of salinity on plant metabolism, probably by modulating the osmoregulatory system (glycine betaine, proline, and phenols) and antioxidant enzymes system (SOD, CAT, POD, GR, APX, DHAR, MDAHR, and GSNOR).
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Mycology & Plant Disease Survey Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza 12511, Egypt.
Abeer
A
Hashem
Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Food & Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Seed Pathology Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza 12511, Egypt.
E F
0000-0002-8509-8953
EF
Abd Allah
Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Food & Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
A A
AA
Alqarawi
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
A A
AA
Al-Huqail
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190001, India.
M A
MA
Shah
D000045:Acacia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000502:physiology*; D005658:Fungi / Q000502:physiology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000502:physiology; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000502:physiology*; D064587:Osmoregulation / Q000502:physiology*; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000502:physiology; D054712:Salinity; D055049:Salt Tolerance / Q000502:physiology; D012492:Salts / Q000378:metabolism*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*
D000975:Antioxidants; D008055:Lipids; D010636:Phenols; D012492:Salts