Current Status of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Human Breast Cancer.
Breast cancer represents a major health burden in Europe and North America, as recently published data report breast cancer as the second leading cause of cancer related death in women worldwide. Breast cancer is regarded as a highly heterogeneous disease in terms of clinical course and biological behavior and can be divided into several molecular subtypes, with different prognosis and treatment responses. The discovery of numerous non-coding RNAs has dramatically changed our understanding of cell biology, especially the pathophysiology of cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-protein-coding transcripts >200 nucleotides in length. Several studies have demonstrated their role as key regulators of gene expression, cell biology and carcinogenesis. Deregulated expression levels of lncRNAs have been observed in various types of cancers including breast cancer. lncRNAs are involved in cancer initiation, progression, and metastases. In this review, we summarize the recent literature to highlight the current status of this class of long non-coding lncRNAs in breast cancer.
Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8026, Austria. stefanie.cerk@medunigraz.at.|Research Unit of Non-coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria. stefanie.cerk@medunigraz.at.
Stefanie
S
Cerk
Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8026, Austria. daniela.schwarzenbacher@medunigraz.at.|Research Unit of Non-coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria. daniela.schwarzenbacher@medunigraz.at.
Daniela
D
Schwarzenbacher
Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8026, Austria. jan.adiprasito@stud.medunigraz.at.|Research Unit of Non-coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria. jan.adiprasito@stud.medunigraz.at.
Jan Basri
JB
Adiprasito
Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8026, Austria. michael.stotz@medunigraz.at.|Research Unit of Non-coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria. michael.stotz@medunigraz.at.
Michael
M
Stotz
Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria. georg.hutterer@medunigraz.at.
Georg C
GC
Hutterer
Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8026, Austria. armin.gerger@medunigraz.at.
Armin
A
Gerger
Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA. hling@mdanderson.org.
Hui
H
Ling
Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA. gcalin@mdanderson.org.
George Adrian
GA
Calin
Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8026, Austria. martin.pichler@medunigraz.at.|Research Unit of Non-coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria. martin.pichler@medunigraz.at.|Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA. martin.pichler@medunigraz.at.
Martin
M
Pichler
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding
breast cancer—carcinoma; long non-coding RNA; oncogene; tumor suppressor