Formation and distribution of ZnO nanoparticles and its effect on E. coli in the presence of sepiolite and silica within the chitosan matrix via sonochemistry.
In this study, a new bio-nanocomposite was prepared and characterized with a focus on the formation of hexagonal ZnO and orthorhombic zinc silicate (Zn2SiO3(OH)2) phases under ultrasonic irradiation. Chitosan/sepiolite/ZnO and chitosan/silica/ZnO bio-nanocomposites were synthesized using a simple solution method in which extreme physical and chemical conditions created by cavitation within the chitosan solution allowed for the transformation of aqueous Zn(OH)2to crystallized ZnO and Zn2SiO3(OH)2in room temperature. Both the loading of sepiolite and silica with the zinc precursor significantly influenced the morphology and crystalline structure of the product, however, different zinc compounds were observed. Sepiolite was exfoliated, resulting in a fine, even colloidal solution through ultrasonic dispersion. Exfoliation of sepiolite nanofibers led to the homogeneous dispersion of Zinc in the form of Zn(OH)2in chitosan matrix. When the same procedure was conducted using the silica component, a formation of ZnO and Zn2SiO3(OH)2was observed, components that were not observed when the procedure was conducted using sepiolite. The average crystalline size of ZnO was calculated as 36nm for ZnO. In addition, the quantities of crystalline and the ZnO phase volume was determined as 15%. Through zone of inhibition, the silica nanocomposite was discovered to have antibacterial activity. In contrast, the sepiolite compound did not exhibit these properties. We thus hypothesize that HO radicals, formed during ultrasonic irradiation trigger the formation of a silicate ion (SiO32-) and formation of ZnO and Zn2SiO3(OH)2species in chitosan/silica/ZnO bio-nanocomposite, which causes to exhibit these antibacterial properties against Gram-negative E. coli. Chemical characterization and dispersion of the structure of the ZnO and Zn2SiO3(OH)2phases were done using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy techniques (SEM) with EDAX and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
Istanbul University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
Ezgi
E
Tan
Istanbul University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
Selcan
S
Karakus
Istanbul University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
Gülin Selda Pozan
GSP
Soylu
Koç University, Department of Chemistry, Sarıyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey; Koç University, KUYTAM Surface Science and Technology Center, Sarıyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey.
Özgür
Ö
Birer
Istanbul University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
Yaşar
Y
Zengin
Istanbul University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: ayben@istanbul.edu.tr.
Ayben
A
Kilislioglu
D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects*; D017633:Magnesium Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D000069453:Ultrasonic Waves; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
D017633:Magnesium Silicates; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D048271:Chitosan; C001671:magnesium trisilicate; D015034:Zinc Oxide
Bio-nanocomposite; Nanoparticle; SEM; Sonochemistry; XPS; XRD