Zinc-oxide nanocoating for improvement of the antibacterial and frictional behavior of nickel-titanium alloy.
OBJECTIVE
To fabricate a friction-reducing and antibacterial coating with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on nickel-titanium (NiTi) wire.


METHODS
NiTi orthodontic wires were coated with ZnO nanoparticles using the chemical deposition method. Characteristics of the coating as well as the physical, mechanical and antibacterial properties of the wires were investigated.


RESULTS
A stable and well-adhered ZnO coating on the NiTi wires was obtained. The hardness and elastic modulus of the ZnO nanocoating were 2.3 ± 0.2 and 61.0 ± 3.6 GPa, respectively. The coated wires presented up to 21% reduction in the frictional forces and antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. ZnO nanocoating significantly improved the surface quality of NiTi wires. The modulus of elasticity, unloading forces and austenite finish temperature were not significantly different after coating.


CONCLUSIONS
This unique coating could be implemented into practice for safer and faster treatment to the benefit of both patient and clinician.
Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Mojgan
M
Kachoei
Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
Azin
A
Nourian
Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Baharak
B
Divband
Polymer Division, Chemistry Department, School of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Zahra
Z
Kachoei
Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.|Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Sajjad
S
Shirazi
D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D004548:Elasticity; D017276:Friction; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D009154:Mutation; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D010316:Particle Size; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*
D000497:Alloys; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003722:Dental Alloys; C040654:titanium nickelide; C093826:Austenite; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium; D015034:Zinc Oxide
ZnO nanoparticles; antibacterial agents; corrosion; fatigue resistance; friction; nickel-titanium; orthodontic wires; resistance to sliding