Cheating in OSCEs: The Impact of Simulated Security Breaches on OSCE Performance.
Construct: Valid score interpretation is important for constructs in performance assessments such as objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs). An OSCE is a type of performance assessment in which a series of standardized patients interact with the student or candidate who is scored by either the standardized patient or a physician examiner.


BACKGROUND
In high-stakes examinations, test security is an important issue. Students accessing unauthorized test materials can create an unfair advantage and lead to examination scores that do not reflect students' true ability level. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of various simulated security breaches on OSCE scores.


METHODS
Seventy-six 3rd-year medical students participated in an 8-station OSCE and were randomized to either a control group or to 1 of 2 experimental conditions simulating test security breaches: station topic (i.e., providing a list of station topics prior to the examination) or egregious security breach (i.e., providing detailed content information prior to the examination). Overall total scores were compared for the 3 groups using both a one-way between-subjects analysis of variance and a repeated measure analysis of variance to compare the checklist, rating scales, and oral question subscores across the three conditions.


RESULTS
Overall total scores were highest for the egregious security breach condition (81.8%), followed by the station topic condition (73.6%), and they were lowest for the control group (67.4%). This trend was also found with checklist subscores only (79.1%, 64.9%, and 60.3%, respectively for the security breach, station topic, and control conditions). Rating scale subscores were higher for both the station topic and egregious security breach conditions compared to the control group (82.6%, 83.1%, and 77.6%, respectively). Oral question subscores were significantly higher for the egregious security breach condition (88.8%) followed by the station topic condition (64.3%), and they were the lowest for the control group (48.6%).


CONCLUSIONS
This simulation of different OSCE security breaches demonstrated that student performance is greatly advantaged by having prior access to test materials. This has important implications for medical educators as they develop policies and procedures regarding the safeguarding and reuse of test content.
a Medical Council of Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada.
Andrea
A
Gotzmann
a Medical Council of Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada.
André
A
De Champlain
a Medical Council of Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada.
Fahmida
F
Homayra
a Medical Council of Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada.
Alexa
A
Fotheringham
a Medical Council of Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada.
Ingrid
I
de Vries
b Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada.
Melissa
M
Forgie
b Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada.
Debra
D
Pugh
D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D008192:Deception; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013337:Students, Medical
OSCE; Test security; cheating; validity