Global challenges in human immunodeficiency virus and syphilis coinfection among men who have sex with men.
Syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection disproportionately affects men who have sex with men (MSM), and the rate of coinfection has been increasing over the last decade. HIV and syphilis coinfection is particularly challenging because the infections interact synergistically thereby increasing the risk of acquisition and transmission as well as accelerating disease progression. Areas covered: This paper reviews and summarizes the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical management and prevention of HIV and syphilis coinfection among MSM. Expert commentary: Research does not support a different syphilis treatment for coinfected individuals; however, coinfection may warrant a recommendation for antiretroviral therapy. In order to reverse the epidemic of syphilis and HIV coinfection, there needs to be greater awareness, improved cultural sensitivity among health care providers, improved access to preventative services and increased screening for syphilis and HIV.
a David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.
Chelsea P
CP
Roberts
a David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.|b Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.
Jeffrey D
JD
Klausner
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D060085:Coinfection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017280:Condoms; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D012698:Serologic Tests; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012747:Sexual Partners; D013587:Syphilis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); MSM; coinfection; prevention; syphilis