Biodegradation of lignin by fungi, bacteria and laccases.
Indulin AT biodegradation by basidiomycetous fungi, actinobacteria and commercial laccases was evaluated using a suite of chemical analysis methods. The extent of microbial degradation was confirmed by novel thermal carbon analysis (TCA), as the treatments altered the carbon desorption and pyrolysis temperature profiles in supernatants. Laccase treatments caused only minor changes, though with increases occurring in the 850°C and char precursor fractions. After fungal treatments, lignin showed a similar change in the TCA profile, along with a gradual decrease of the total carbon, signifying lignin mineralization (combined with polymerization). By contrast, bacteria produced phenolic monomers without their further catabolism. After 54days of cultivation, a 20wt% weight loss was observed only for fungi, Coriolus versicolor, corroborating the near-80% carbon mass balance closure obtained by TCA. Compositional changes in lignin as a result of biodegradation were confirmed by thermal desorption (TD)-pyrolysis-GC-MS validating the carbon fractionation obtained by TCA.
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
Fnu
F
Asina
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
Ivana
I
Brzonova
Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
Keith
K
Voeller
Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
Evguenii
E
Kozliak
Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
Alena
A
Kubátová
Department of Chemistry and Applied Biological Sciences, South Dakota School of Mine and Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA.
Bin
B
Yao
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA. Electronic address: yun.ji@engr.und.edu.
Yun
Y
Ji
D039903:Actinobacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018533:Biomass; D003246:Conservation of Energy Resources; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D042845:Laccase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature
D010636:Phenols; C036909:lignocellulose; C076151:Kraft lignin; D008031:Lignin; D042845:Laccase
Industrial lignin; Laccase; Microbial degradation; TD-pyrolysis-GC–MS; Thermal carbon analysis