Persian At-Risk Women and Barriers to Receiving HIV Services in Drug Treatment: First Report From Iran.
BACKGROUND
As the most populated Persian Gulf country, in Iran, engagement with drug injection and unsafe sex are the main routes of HIV transmission among some drug-dependent women.


OBJECTIVE
The current study explored the barriers that a group of drug-dependent women reported in accessing and adhering to HIV services in drug use treatment.


METHODS
Qualitative interviews were conducted with 47 Persian women at five outpatient drug treatment centers between January and December 2011. Five focus group interviews were conducted with ten key informants (KI). The interviews made use of a semi-structured interview guide, which facilitated discussion regarding the barriers. The interview transcripts were analyzed thematically using Atlas-ti software.


RESULTS
The interview accounts highlighted a number of barriers, including stigmatization, a considerable lack of knowledge about free HIV centers in the community, previous traumatic events, misconceptions about the quality of HIV services, and a poor supportive referral system among drug treatment and HIV centers.


CONCLUSIONS
The findings highlight a need for removing stigma and providing high quality women-only HIV services. Increasing trust and knowledge of available HIV services are needed for this group of women. Increasing staff knowledge is a priority. An integrated supportive network among drug treatment and HIV centers is suggested in Iran.
Division of Psychiatry, Razi Psychiatric Hospital, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
Mercedeh
M
Samiei
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Al-Zahra University, Tehran, IR Iran.
Afsaneh
A
Moradi
Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
Roya
R
Noori
Department of Social Welfare, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
Sepideh
S
Aryanfard
Department of Social Welfare, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
Hassan
H
Rafiey
Razi Drug Treatment Centre, Tehran, IR Iran.
Hooman
H
Naranjiha
Asia; HIV; Iran; Women