State-dependent and environmental modulation of brain hyperthermic effects of psychoactive drugs of abuse.
Hyperthermia is a known effect induced by psychomotor stimulants and pathological hyperthermia is a prominent symptom of acute intoxication with these drugs in humans. In this manuscript, I will review our recent work concerning the brain hyperthermic effects of several known and recently appeared psychostimulant drugs of abuse (cocaine, methamphetamine, MDMA, methylone, and MDPV). Specifically, I will consider the role of activity state and environmental conditions in modulating the brain temperature effects of these drugs and their acute toxicity. Although some of these drugs are structurally similar and interact with the same brain substrates, there are important differences in their temperature effects in quiet resting conditions and the type of modulation of these temperature effects under conditions that mimic basic aspects of human drug use (social interaction, moderately warm environments). These data could be important for understanding the potential dangers of each drug and ultimately preventing adverse health complications associated with acute drug-induced intoxication.
Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research, Program, NIH , Baltimore, MD USA.
Eugene A
EA
Kiyatkin
MDMA (Ecstasy); active ingredients of “bath salts”; brain metabolism; cerebral heat production; cocaine; drug-induced intoxication; drugs of abuse; psychomotor stimulants; rave parties; vasoconstriction