Ameliorative effect of black grape juice on systemic alterations and mandibular osteoradionecrosis induced by whole brain irradiation in rats.
Whole brain irradiation (WBI) causes a variety of secondary side-effects including anorexia and bone necrosis. We evaluated the radiomodifying effect of black grape juice (BGJ) on WBI alterations in rats measuring food and water intake, body weight, hemogram, and morphological and histological mandibular parameters.



Forty male rats (200-250 g) were exposed to eight sessions of cranial X-ray irradiation. The total dose absorbed was 32 Gy delivered over 2 weeks. Four groups were defined: (i) NG: non-irradiated, glucose and fructose solution-supplemented (GFS); (ii) NJ: non-irradiated, BGJ-supplemented; (iii) RG: irradiated, GFS-supplemented; and (iv) RJ: irradiated, BGJ-supplemented. Rats received daily BGJ or GFS dosing by gavage starting 4 days before, continuing during, and ending 4 days after WBI.



RJ rats ingested more food and water and showed less body weight loss than RG rats during the irradiation period. Forty days after WBI, irradiated animals started losing weight again compared with controls as a consequence of masticatory hypofunction by mandibular osteoradionecrosis (ORN). Osteoclastic activity and inflammation were apparent in RG rat mandibles. BGJ was able to attenuate the severity of ORN as well as to improve white and red blood cell counts.



Fractionated whole brain irradiation induces mandibular changes that interfere with normal feeding. BGJ can be used to mitigate systemic side-effects of brain irradiation and ORN.
a Post-graduate program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil.
Robson B
RB
Freitas
b Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of León , León , Spain.
Paquita
P
González
c Department of Pathology , University of Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil.
Nara Maria B
NM
Martins
d Nuclear Engineering Program, Military Institute of Engineering , Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.
Edson R
ER
Andrade
e Servicio de Radiofísica y Protección Radiológica, Hospital Universitario de León , León , Spain.
María Jesús
MJ
Cesteros Morante
e Servicio de Radiofísica y Protección Radiológica, Hospital Universitario de León , León , Spain.
Iban
I
Conles Picos
f Department of Medicine , University of Oviedo , Oviedo , Spain.
Serafín
S
Costilla García
g Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , University of Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil.
Liliane F
LF
Bauermann
b Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of León , León , Spain.
Juan Pablo
JP
Barrio
D000818:Animals; D016371:Cranial Irradiation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices; D008297:Male; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010025:Osteoradionecrosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents
Black grape juice; cranial irradiation; mandible; osteoradionecrosis; rat