Anxiety disorders are associated with early onset of heroin use and rapid transition to dependence in methadone maintained patients.
Early onset of heroin use is a severity marker of heroin use disorder. We studied the interaction between early onset and rapid transition to heroin dependence recorded with retrospective interviews in 213 patients with severe heroin dependence and history of methadone maintenance treatment. General linear models were used to identify independent factors associated with early onset, factors associated with rapid transition to dependence, and a multivariate model was used to study the interaction of those two dimensions. Lifetime history of anxiety disorders and age at onset of cannabis use are shared common risk factors and are associated with the interaction.
APHP, Hôpital Fernand Widal, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Paris, France; Inserm, U1144, Paris, F-75006, France; Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75006, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75013, France. Electronic address: emily.karsinti@aphp.fr.
Emily
E
Karsinti
APHP, Hôpital Fernand Widal, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Paris, France; Inserm, U1144, Paris, F-75006, France; Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75006, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75013, France.
Maeva
M
Fortias
APHP, Hôpital Fernand Widal, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Paris, France; Inserm, U1144, Paris, F-75006, France; Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75006, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75013, France.
Gaël
G
Dupuy
Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine de Sfax, Tunisia.
Kamilia
K
Ksouda
Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Service d'addictologie, 1, rue Cabanis, Paris, France.
Xavier
X
Laqueille
APHP, Hôpital Louis-Mourier, Colombes, France.
Anne-Marie
AM
Simonpoli
APHP, Hôpital Paul Guiraud, CSAPA Clinique Liberté, Ivry-sur-Seine, France.
Didier
D
Touzeau
Association GAIA, Paris, France.
Elisabeth
E
Avril
APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, CSAPA Monte-Cristo, Paris, France.
Cyrille
C
Orizet
APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, CSAPA Monte-Cristo, Paris, France.
Beatriz
B
Belforte
Association Aurore, CSAPA EGO, Paris, France.
Philippe
P
Coeuru
CSAPA 110 les Halles, Paris, France.
Pierre
P
Polomeni
APHP, Hôpital Fernand Widal, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Paris, France; Inserm, U1144, Paris, F-75006, France; Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75006, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75013, France.
Romain
R
Icick
APHP, Hôpital Fernand Widal, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Paris, France; Inserm, U1144, Paris, F-75006, France; Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75006, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75013, France.
Marine
M
Jarroir
Inserm, U1144, Paris, F-75006, France; Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75006, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75013, France.
Vanessa
V
Bloch
Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.
Jan
J
Scott
APHP, Hôpital Fernand Widal, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Paris, France; Inserm, U1144, Paris, F-75006, France; Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75006, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75013, France.
Jean-Pierre
JP
Lépine
APHP, Hôpital Fernand Widal, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Paris, France; Inserm, U1144, Paris, F-75006, France; Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75006, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75013, France.
Frank
F
Bellivier
APHP, Hôpital Fernand Widal, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Paris, France; Inserm, U1144, Paris, F-75006, France; Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75006, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75013, France.
Florence
F
Vorspan
D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D003932:Heroin; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D058850:Opiate Substitution Treatment / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D003932:Heroin; D008691:Methadone
Cannabis; Heroin; Methadone; Pathways; Risk factors; Transition