Multifunctional gold-based nanocomposites for theranostics.
Although Au-particle potential in nanobiotechnology has been recognized for the last 15 years, new insights into the unique properties of multifunctional nanostructures have just recently started to emerge. Multifunctional gold-based nanocomposites combine multiple modalities to improve the efficacy of the therapeutic and diagnostic treatment of cancer and other socially significant diseases. This review is focused on multifunctional gold-based theranostic nanocomposites, which can be fabricated by three main routes. The first route is to create composite (or hybrid) nanoparticles, whose components enable diagnostic and therapeutic functions. The second route is based on smart bioconjugation techniques to functionalize gold nanoparticles with a set of different molecules, enabling them to perform targeting, diagnostic, and therapeutic functions in a single treatment procedure. Finally, the third route for multifunctionalized composite nanoparticles is a combination of the first two and involves additional functionalization of hybrid nanoparticles with several molecules possessing different theranostic modalities. This last class of multifunctionalized composites also includes fluorescent atomic clusters with multiple functionalities.
Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov 410049, Russia. Electronic address: dykman_l@ibppm.ru.
Lev A
LA
Dykman
Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov 410049, Russia; Saratov State University, 83 Ulitsa Astrakhanskaya, Saratov 410012, Russia.
Nikolai G
NG
Khlebtsov
D000818:Animals; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D000068936:Theranostic Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods*
D006046:Gold
Gold nanoparticles; Multifunctionalization; Nanocomposites; Theranostics