New phytochemicals as potential human anti-aging compounds: Reality, promise, and challenges.
Aging is an inevitable process influenced by genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Indirect evidence shows that several phytochemicals can have anti-aging capabilities, although direct evidence in this field is still limited. This report aims to provide a critical review on aspects related to the use of novel phytochemicals as anti-aging agents, to discuss the obstacles found when performing most anti-aging study protocols in humans, and to analyze future perspectives. In addition to the extensively studied resveratrol, epicatechin, quercetin, and curcumin, new phytochemicals have been reported to act as anti-aging agents, such as the amino acid L-theanine isolated from green tea, and the lignans arctigenin and matairesinol isolated from Arctium lappa seeds. Furthermore, this review discusses the application of several new extracts rich in phytochemicals with potential use in anti-aging therapies. Finally, this review also discusses the most important biomarkers to test anti-aging interventions, the necessity of conducting epidemiological studies and the need of clinical trials with adequate study protocols for humans.
a Graduate Program in Food Science , State University of Maringá (UEM) , Paraná , Brazil.|b Graduate Program in Food Technology , Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Campo Mourão , Paraná , Brazil.|e Academic Department of Chemistry and Biology , Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil.
Rúbia C G
RCG
Corrêa
a Graduate Program in Food Science , State University of Maringá (UEM) , Paraná , Brazil.|c Department of Biochemistry , State University of Maringá (UEM) , Paraná , Brazil.|d Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA , Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), Campus de Santa Apolónia , Bragança , Portugal.|e Academic Department of Chemistry and Biology , Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil.
Rosane M
RM
Peralta
b Graduate Program in Food Technology , Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Campo Mourão , Paraná , Brazil.|e Academic Department of Chemistry and Biology , Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil.
Charles W I
CWI
Haminiuk
d Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA , Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), Campus de Santa Apolónia , Bragança , Portugal.|e Academic Department of Chemistry and Biology , Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil.
Giselle Maria
GM
Maciel
a Graduate Program in Food Science , State University of Maringá (UEM) , Paraná , Brazil.|c Department of Biochemistry , State University of Maringá (UEM) , Paraná , Brazil.|e Academic Department of Chemistry and Biology , Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil.
Adelar
A
Bracht
d Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA , Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), Campus de Santa Apolónia , Bragança , Portugal.|e Academic Department of Chemistry and Biology , Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil.
Isabel C F R
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4910-4882
ICFR
Ferreira
D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D031170:Arctium / Q000737:chemistry; D002460:Cell Line; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D005663:Furans / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D017705:Lignans / Q000494:pharmacology; D023421:Models, Animal; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry
D000975:Antioxidants; D005663:Furans; D017705:Lignans; D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; C068935:matairesinol; C071942:arctigenin
Underexplored phytochemicals; aging biomarkers; anti-aging interveners; anti-aging study protocols; bioavailability