Mapping and validation of major quantitative trait loci for kernel length in wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum).
Kernel length is an important target trait in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) breeding programs. However, the number of known quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling kernel length is limited. In the present study, we aimed to identify major QTLs for kernel length, as well as putative candidate genes that might influence kernel length in wild barley.



A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the barley cultivar Baudin (H. vulgare ssp. vulgare) and the long-kernel wild barley genotype Awcs276 (H.vulgare ssp. spontaneum) was evaluated at one location over three years. A high-density genetic linkage map was constructed using 1,832 genome-wide diversity array technology (DArT) markers, spanning a total of 927.07 cM with an average interval of approximately 0.49 cM. Two major QTLs for kernel length, LEN-3H and LEN-4H, were detected across environments and further validated in a second RIL population derived from Fleet (H. vulgare ssp. vulgare) and Awcs276. In addition, a systematic search of public databases identified four candidate genes and four categories of proteins related to LEN-3H and LEN-4H.



This study establishes a fundamental research platform for genomic studies and marker-assisted selection, since LEN-3H and LEN-4H could be used for accelerating progress in barley breeding programs that aim to improve kernel length.
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China.
Hong
H
Zhou
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China.
Shihang
S
Liu
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China.
Yujiao
Y
Liu
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China. yaxi.liu@outlook.com.
Yaxi
Y
Liu
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China.
Jing
J
You
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China.
Mei
M
Deng
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China.
Jian
J
Ma
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China.
Guangdeng
G
Chen
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China.
Yuming
Y
Wei
CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia.
Chunji
C
Liu
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China.
Youliang
Y
Zheng
D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D004777:Environment; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D017343:Genes, Plant; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005838:Genotype; D001467:Hordeum / Q000235:genetics*; D007178:Inbreeding; D010641:Phenotype; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D019655:Quantitative Trait, Heritable; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
D005819:Genetic Markers
Barley; Candidate gene; Genetic linkage map; Kernel length; QTL; Validation