Food insecurity and cardiovascular health: Findings from a statewide population health survey in Wisconsin.
The social and economic environment has become a major area of interest regarding the determinants of cardiovascular health. Among markers of economic distress, food insecurity has been found associated with metabolic disorders, dyslipidemia, and obesity, but no previous studies have examined its association with overall cardiovascular health.



We conducted a cross-sectional analysis among 2935 participants in the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin (SHOW), a statewide population-based representative sample. The presence of food insecurity was determined by an affirmative answer to the question "In the last 12months, have you been concerned about having enough food for you or your family?" Cardiovascular health (CVH) was defined based on the American Heart Association Life's Simple 7 criteria and classified as "poor," "intermediate," or "ideal" using previously published criteria. "Good" CVH was defined as having no poor in any of the seven criteria (any amount of intermediate or ideal). Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) of good CVH according to presence of food insecurity were calculated using logistic regression models. Overall, food insecurity was associated with a decreased likelihood of good CVH (OR 0.53; 95% Confidence Interval 0.31 to 0.92; p=0.02). This association persisted in models controlling for age, gender, race, and urbanization.



Participants who were food insecure were significantly less likely to have good CVH compared to participants who were food secure. Even though this study cannot confirm causality, these results suggest that food insecurity might be one of several socio-economic barriers contributing to poor CVH.
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, United States.
Augustine M
AM
Saiz
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, United States.
Allison M
AM
Aul
Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, United States.
Kristen M
KM
Malecki
Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, United States.
Andrew J
AJ
Bersch
Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, United States.
Rachel S
RS
Bergmans
Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, United States.
Tamara J
TJ
LeCaire
Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, United States. Electronic address: fjnieto@wisc.edu.
F Javier
FJ
Nieto
D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005523:Food Supply / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D014922:Wisconsin / Q000453:epidemiology
Cardiovascular disease; Epidemiology; Food security; Heart disease