Disability and the gym: experiences, barriers and facilitators of gym use for individuals with physical disabilities.
Individuals with physical disabilities are among the most inactive population in society, arguably due to the lack of suitable environments to exercise. The gym is a space dedicated to improving physical fitness in a controlled environment with specialized equipment and qualified instructors. The feasibility of using this space to promote health to this population, however, is yet to be established.



Over an 18-month period, 21 people with physical disabilities were interviewed regarding their experiences in the gym. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, transcribed verbatim, and subject to thematic analysis.



Four broad themes were identified: (1) experiencing enhanced well-ness, (2) perceived conflict between gym values and disability, (3) influence of a previous gym identity, and (4) experiences of psycho-emotional disablism.



Participants were perceived to experience a variety of health benefits; however, they also experienced many barriers such as not aligning to the cultural norms of the gym, limited interpretations of health, oppressive messages from the built environment, and negative relational interactions. While there is potential for the gym to be used as a place to promote health, more must be done to foster an inclusive atmosphere in this space. Implications for Research The gym may be a viable place to promote health enhancing behaviors to this population as participants perceived physical, social, and psychological improvements through exercising in this space. Barriers such as not aligning to cultural norms of the gym, psycho-emotional disablism, and a lack of representation in the gym were perceived to hinder exercise participation. Gyms should consider funding instructors to go on courses teaching them how to train an individual with a disability, and also consider employing instructors with a disability to mediate the socio-cultural barriers perceived to exist in the gym. Men and women's past identity as gym users had different ramifications regarding their adoption of exercise after disability, therefore, professionals working in this field should be cognizant of this when designing and delivering exercise programs during and after rehabilitation.
a Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences , Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK.
Emma V
EV
Richardson
b School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK.
Brett
B
Smith
a Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences , Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK.
Anthony
A
Papathomas
D000328:Adult; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D020446:Fitness Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006113:United Kingdom; D055815:Young Adult
Disability; barriers; exercise; facilitators; gym