Expressed Emotion and behaviourally controlling interactions in the daily life of dyads experiencing psychosis.
While research using Experience Sampling Methodology (ESM) suggests that, in general, contact with relatives or friends may be protective for psychotic experiences, contact with high-Expressed Emotion (high-EE) relatives can have adverse consequences for patients. This study investigated whether contact with high-EE relatives, and relatives' behaviourally controlling interactions (BCI) are related to patients' symptoms and to both patients' and relatives' affect when measured using structured diary assessments in the course of everyday life. Twenty-one patients experiencing psychosis and their closest relatives provided synchronized self-reports of symptoms (patients only), affect, dyadic contact and BCI over a 6-days period. Relatives' EE was obtained from Camberwell Family Interviews. Multi-level modeling showed that patients' reports of relatives taking control of them and helping them were associated with increased patient negative affect and symptoms. Relatives' self-reports of nagging, taking control and keeping an eye on the patient were related to fluctuations in relatives' affect. No evidence was found for the moderating effect of EE status on the association between dyadic contact and affect or, in the case of patients, symptoms. When measured using an ecologically valid methodology, momentary behaviourally controlling interactions within dyads experiencing psychosis can impact on patients' affect and symptoms.
School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. Electronic address: debora.v.sa@alumni.manchester.ac.uk.
Debora
D
Vasconcelos E Sa
School of Psychological Sciences & Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Alison
A
Wearden
School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Samantha
S
Hartley
Centre for Biostatistics, The University of Manchester & Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
Richard
R
Emsley
School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Christine
C
Barrowclough
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000072860:Ecological Momentary Assessment; D019260:Expressed Emotion; D005195:Family Relations / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
Behavioural control; Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA); Experience Sampling Methodology (ESM); Expressed Emotion (EE); Psychosis