Continuous Indoor Positioning Fusing WiFi, Smartphone Sensors and Landmarks.
To exploit the complementary strengths of WiFi positioning, pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR), and landmarks, we propose a novel fusion approach based on an extended Kalman filter (EKF). For WiFi positioning, unlike previous fusion approaches setting measurement noise parameters empirically, we deploy a kernel density estimation-based model to adaptively measure the related measurement noise statistics. Furthermore, a trusted area of WiFi positioning defined by fusion results of previous step and WiFi signal outlier detection are exploited to reduce computational cost and improve WiFi positioning accuracy. For PDR, we integrate a gyroscope, an accelerometer, and a magnetometer to determine the user heading based on another EKF model. To reduce accumulation error of PDR and enable continuous indoor positioning, not only the positioning results but also the heading estimations are recalibrated by indoor landmarks. Experimental results in a realistic indoor environment show that the proposed fusion approach achieves substantial positioning accuracy improvement than individual positioning approaches including PDR and WiFi positioning.
School of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China. dengzhian@dlmu.edu.cn.
Zhi-An
ZA
Deng
School of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China. gfwangsh@163.com.
Guofeng
G
Wang
School of Electronics Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China. qindanyang@hlju.edu.cn.
Danyang
D
Qin
School of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China. nazhenyu@dlmu.edu.cn.
Zhenyu
Z
Na
School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China. ycui@hit.edu.cn.
Yang
Y
Cui
School of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China. chenjuan@dlmu.edu.cn.
Juan
J
Chen
WiFi; extended Kalman filter; indoor positioning; inertial sensor; landmark