CCR5-Δ32 gene polymorphism is associated with retinopathy in patients with type 1 diabetes.
The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the CCR5-Δ32 polymorphism and the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with DM1.



We examined 420 patients and 350 healthy controls. The analysis concerned CCR5-Δ32 polymorphism as well as levels of serum inflammatory markers (CRP, TNF-α), adhesion molecules (VCAM, ICAM-1, ICAM-3) and CCR5 ligand (MCP-1).



We found a negative association between DM1 and Δ32 allele. Moreover, the frequency of Δ32 allele was higher in a group with DR in comparison to control subjects without this complication. We also found that Δ32 carriers had the highest levels of: HbA1c, inflammatory markers, adhesion molecules and CCR5 ligand.



The findings of our studies suggest that the CCR5-Δ32 polymorphism is associated with DM1 such that the Δ32 allele protects against the development of DM1 and increases the risk of DR in patients who have already developed the disease.
Department of Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland. Electronic address: bartosz@gumed.edu.pl.
Bartosz
B
Słomiński
Department of Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
Urszula
U
Ławrynowicz
Department of Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
Jolanta
J
Myśliwska
Department of Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
Monika
M
Ryba-Stanisławowska
Department of Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
Maria
M
Skrzypkowska
Chair & Clinics of Paediatrics, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
Agnieszka
A
Brandt
D000293:Adolescent; D000483:Alleles; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008024:Ligands; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000235:genetics*
D015415:Biomarkers; C584933:CCR5 protein, human; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008024:Ligands; D019713:Receptors, CCR5
CCR5-Δ 32 polymorphism; Diabetes retinopathy; Inflammation