The role of acetoacetate in Amadori product formation of human serum albumin.
Amadori product is an important and stable intermediate, which is produced during glycation process. It is a marker of hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus, and its accumulation in the body contributes to microvascular complication of diabetes including diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. In this study, the effect of acetoacetate on the formation of Amadori products and biophysical properties of human serum albumin (HSA), after incubation with glucose, was investigated using various methods. These included circular dichroism (CD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. Our results indicated that the production of Amadori products in HSA incubated with glucose (GHSA) was increased in the presence of acetoacetate. We also detected alterations in the secondary and tertiary structure of GHSA, which was increased in the presence of acetoacetate. These changes were attributed to the formation of covalent bonds between the carbonyl group of acetoacetate and the nucleophilic groups (lysine residues) of HSA. Thus, acetoacetate can enhance the production of Amadori products through formation of covalent bonds with biomaterials.
Department of Biology, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran. Electronic address: bohlooli@ut.ac.ir.
Mousa
M
Bohlooli
Department of Chemistry, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
Mansour
M
Ghaffari-Moghaddam
Department of Chemistry, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
Mostafa
M
Khajeh
Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
Gholamreza
G
Shahraki-Fallah
Department of Chemistry, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
Batool
B
Haghighi-Kekhaiye
Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, and McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
Nader
N
Sheibani
D000090:Acetoacetates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006031:Glycosylation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
D000090:Acetoacetates; D012709:Serum Albumin; D005947:Glucose
Acetoacetate; Amadori product; Diabetes mellitus; Glycated HSA; Ketone body; Prolonged incubation