Neural networks improve brain cancer detection with Raman spectroscopy in the presence of operating room light artifacts.
Invasive brain cancer cells cannot be visualized during surgery and so they are often not removed. These residual cancer cells give rise to recurrences. <italic<In vivo</italic< Raman spectroscopy can detect these invasive cancer cells in patients with grade 2 to 4 gliomas. The robustness of this Raman signal can be dampened by spectral artifacts generated by lights in the operating room. We found that artificial neural networks (ANNs) can overcome these spectral artifacts using nonparametric and adaptive models to detect complex nonlinear spectral characteristics. Coupling ANN with Raman spectroscopy simplifies the intraoperative use of Raman spectroscopy by limiting changes required to the standard neurosurgical workflow. The ability to detect invasive brain cancer under these conditions may reduce residual cancer remaining after surgery and improve patient survival.
McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, CanadabPolytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, CP 6079, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada.
Michael
M
Jermyn
Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, CP 6079, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada.
Joannie
J
Desroches
Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, CP 6079, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada.
Jeanne
J
Mercier
Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, CP 6079, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada.
Marie-Andrée
MA
Tremblay
Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, CP 6079, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada.
Karl
K
St-Arnaud
McGill University, Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada.
Marie-Christine
MC
Guiot
McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada.
Kevin
K
Petrecca
Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, CP 6079, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, CanadadCentre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint-Denis, H2X 0A9 Quebec, Canada.
Frederic
F
Leblond
D016477:Artifacts; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D000069550:Machine Learning; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D009873:Operating Rooms; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*