Induction of apoptosis and G2/M arrest by ampelopsin E from Dryobalanops towards triple negative breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231.
BACKGROUND
Several compounds isolated from Dryobalanops have been reported to exhibit cytotoxic effects to several cancer cell lines. This study investigated the cytotoxic effects, cell cycle arrest and mode of cell death in ampelopsin E-treated triple negative cells, MDA-MB-231.


METHODS
Cytotoxicity of ampelopsin E, ampelopsin F, flexuosol A, laevifonol, Malaysianol A, Malaysianol D and nepalensinol E isolated from Dryobalanops towards human colon cancer HT-29, breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, alveolar carcinoma HeLa and mouse embryonic fibroblast NIH/3 T3 cells were determined by MTT assay. The cells were treated with the compounds (0.94-30 μM) for 72 h. The mode of cell death was evaluated by using an inverted light microscope and annexin V/PI analysis. Cell cycle analysis was performed by using a flow cytometer.


RESULTS
Data showed that ampelopsin E was most cytotoxic toward MDA-MB-231 with the IC50 (50 % inhibition of cell viability compared to control) of 14.5 ± 0.71 μM at 72 h. Cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing and formation apoptotic bodies characteristic of apoptosis were observed following treatment with ampelopsin E. The annexin V/PI flow cytometric analysis further confirmed that ampelopsin E induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. Cell cycle analysis revealed that ampelopsin E induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in the cells.


CONCLUSIONS
Ampelopsin E induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in MDA-MB-231 cells. Therefore, ampelopsin E has the potential to be developed into an anticancer agent for treatment of triple negative breast cancer.
Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Napsiah Abd
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9241-2058
NA
Rahman
Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. latifahsy@upm.edu.my.|Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. latifahsy@upm.edu.my.
Latifah Saiful
LS
Yazan
Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Agustono
A
Wibowo
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
Norizan
N
Ahmat
Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Jhi Biau
JB
Foo
Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Yin Sim
YS
Tor
Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Swee Kong
SK
Yeap
Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Zainal Abidin
ZA
Razali
Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Yong Sze
YS
Ong
Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Sharida
S
Fakurazi
D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D053958:Dipterocarpaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D064726:Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism
D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; C106407:ampelopsin
Ampelopsin E; Apoptosis; Cell cycle arrest; Cytotoxicity; Dryobalanops sp