The covariance of air quality conditions in six cities in Southern Germany - The role of meteorology.
This paper analyzed air quality in six cities in Southern Germany (Ulm, Augsburg, Konstanz, Freiburg, Stuttgart and Munich), in conjunction with the prevailing synoptic conditions. Air quality was estimated through the calculation of a daily Air Stress Index (ASI) constituted by five independent components, each one expressing the contribution of one of the five main pollutants (PM10, O3, SO2, NO2and CO) to the total air stress. As it was deduced from ASI components, PM10from combustion sources and photochemically produced tropospheric O3are the most hazardous pollutants at the studied sites, throughout cold and warm periods respectively, yet PM10contribute substantially to the overall air stress during both seasons. The influence of anticyclonic high pressure systems, leading to atmospheric stagnation, was associated with increased ASI values, mainly due to the entrapment of PM10. Moderate air stress was generally estimated in all cities however a cleaner atmosphere was detected principally in Freiburg when North Europe was dominated by low pressure systems. Daily events of notably escalated ASI values were further analyzed with backward air mass trajectories. Throughout cold period, ASI episodes were commonly related to eastern airflows carrying exogenous PM10originated from eastern continental Europe. During warm period, ASI episodes were connected to the arrival of regionally circulated air parcels reflecting lack of dispersion and accumulation of pollutants in accordance with the synoptic analysis.
Laboratory of Meteorology, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, Greece. Electronic address: kdimitriou80@gmail.com.
Konstantinos
K
Dimitriou
Laboratory of Meteorology, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, Greece.
Pavlos
P
Kassomenos
Air mass trajectories; Air quality; Air stress index; PM(10); South Germany; Synoptic circulation