A taxonomic review of Penicillium species producing conidiophores with solitary phialides, classified in section Torulomyces.
The genus Torulomyces was characterised by species that typically have conidiophores consisting of solitary phialides that produce long chains of conidia connected by disjunctors. Based on the phylogenetic position of P. lagena (generic ex-neotype), the genus and its seven species were transferred to Penicillium and classified in sect. Torulomyces along with P. cryptum and P. lassenii. The aim of this study was to review the species currently classified in sect. Torulomyces using morphology and phylogenies of the ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2 regions. Based on our results, we accept 16 species in sect. Torulomyces, including 12 new species described as P. aeris, P. austricola, P. cantabricum, P. catalonicum, P. oregonense, P. marthae-christenseniae, P. riverlandense, P. tubakianum, P. variratense, P. williamettense, P. wisconsinense and P. wollemiicola. In addition, we reclassify P. laeve and P. ovatum in sect. Exilicaulis and correct the typification of P. lagena. We provide descriptions and notes on the identification of the species.
Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa;; CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.; Biodiversity (Mycology), Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada;
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Visagie
CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Houbraken
CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Dijksterhuis
Biodiversity (Mycology), Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada;
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Seifert
Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa;
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Jacobs
CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Samson
Eupenicillium; Monocillium; RNA polymerase II second largest subunit; Trichocomaceae; Wollemi pine; beta-tubulin; calmodulin; internal transcribed spacer rDNA region; low temperature Scanning Electron Microscopy (cryo-SEM)