LEP, LDLR and APOA4 gene polymorphisms and their relationship with the risk of overweight, obesity and chronic diseases in adults of the State of Sucre, Venezuela.
BACKGROUND
Overweight, obesity and some chronic diseases have become more prevalent recently. It is well known that their causes may be genetic, epigenetic, environmental, or a mixture of these.


OBJECTIVE
To analyze the relationship between nine single nucleotide polymorphisms of genes LEP (rs2167270), LDLR (rs885765, rs688, rs5925, rs55903358, rs5742911) and APOA4 (rs5095, rs675, rs5110) with obesity-related phenotypes and other comorbidities.


METHODS
We recruited 144 adults (76 males and 68 females, with average ages of 29.93±8.29 and 32.49±11.15 years, respectively) in the State of Sucre, Venezuela. Clinical and anthropometric parameters were obtained. Genotype-risk associations were studied. We then compared the averages registered for anthropometric and biochemical variables previously adjusted for biological and environmental factors.


RESULTS
According to the body mass index, 38.9% of the individuals in the sample were overweight (25≤BMI≤29.9 kg/m2) and 20.1% were obese (BMI≥30 kg/m2). Genotype and allele frequencies did not differ statistically for groups with normal and high body mass index (overweight plus obesity). The association between LDLR rs5742911 ancestral genotype A/A and high risk condition related to HDL-cholesterol was the only one found to be significant (OR=2.944, 95% CI: 1.446-5.996; p=0.003). The difference in adjusted mean HDL-cholesterol for LDLR rs5742911 genotypes was statistically significant (p=0.005) (A/A: 41.50±14.81 mg/dL; A/G: 45.00±12.07 mg/dL; G/G: 47.17±9.43 mg/dL).


CONCLUSIONS
For most of the genetic variants studied, there was an association with the presence of overweight and obesity among ancestral genotype carriers, although this was not statistically significant. The rs5742911 polymorphism may be useful as an indicator of a risk of chronic diseases.
Laboratorio de Genética Humana, Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela. gretamrb@gmail.com.
Greta
G
Rodríguez-Arroyo
Irene
I
Paradisi
Merlyn
M
Vívenes-Lugo
Dinorah
D
Castro-Guerra
Álvaro
Á
Rodríguez-Larralde
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D001054:Apolipoproteins A / Q000235:genetics*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006184:Habits; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000235:genetics*; D008019:Life Style; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000235:genetics*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014687:Venezuela / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
D001054:Apolipoproteins A; D001786:Blood Glucose; C573412:LDLR protein, human; D020738:Leptin; D008055:Lipids; D011973:Receptors, LDL; C022205:apolipoprotein A-IV
Polymorphism; Venezuela.; adult; body mass index; chronic disease; dyslipidemias; obesity; overweight; risk factors; single nucleotide