CRISPR as a strong gene editing tool.
Clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is a new and effective genetic editing tool. CRISPR was initially found in bacteria to protect it from virus invasions. In the first step, specific DNA strands of virus are identified by guide RNA that is composed of crRNA and tracrRNA. Then RNAse III is required for producing crRNA from pre-crRNA. In The second step, a crRNA:tracrRNA:Cas9 complex guides RNase III to cleave target DNA. After cleavage of DNA by CRISPR-Cas9, DNA can be fixed by Non- Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) and Homology Directed Repair (HDR). Whereas NHEJ is simple and random, HDR is much more complex and accurate. Gene editing by CRISPR is able to be applied to various biological field such as agriculture and treating genetic diseases in human. [BMB Reports 2017; 50(1): 20-24].
Willston Northampton School, Easthampton, MA 01027, USA.
Shengfu
S
Shen
School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea.
Tiing Jen
TJ
Loh
School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea.
Hongling
H
Shen
School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea.
Xuexiu
X
Zheng
School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea.
Haihong
H
Shen
D064130:CRISPR-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D064113:CRISPR-Cas Systems; D064112:Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D000072669:Gene Editing / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D017393:RNA Editing / Q000235:genetics; D000094704:RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems / Q000235:genetics
D064130:CRISPR-Associated Proteins; D000094704:RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems; D004247:DNA