Inhibition of Src family kinases improves cognitive function after intraventricular hemorrhage or intraventricular thrombin.
Intraventricular hemorrhage causes spatial memory loss, but the mechanism remains unknown. Our recent studies demonstrated that traumatic brain injury activates Src family kinases, which cause spatial memory loss. To test whether the spatial memory loss was due to blood in the ventricles, which activated Src family kinases, we infused autologous whole blood or thrombin into the lateral ventricles of adult rats to model non-traumatic intraventricular hemorrhage. Hippocampal neuron loss was examined 1 day to 5 weeks later. Spatial memory function was assessed 29 to 33 days later using the Morris water maze. Five weeks after the ventricular injections of blood or thrombin, there was death of most hippocampal neurons and significant memory deficits compared with sham operated controls. These data show that intraventricular thrombin is sufficient to kill hippocampal neurons and produce spatial memory loss. In addition, systemic administration of the non-specific Src family kinase inhibitor PP2 or intraventricular injection of siRNA-Fyn, a Src family kinase family member, prevented hippocampal neuronal loss and spatial memory deficits following intraventricular hemorrhage. The data support the conclusions that thrombin mediates the hippocampal neuronal cell death and spatial memory deficits produced by intraventricular blood and that these can be blocked by non-specific inhibition of Src family kinases or by inhibiting Fyn.
1 Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, USA.
Da Zhi
DZ
Liu
2 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at Davis, Davis, USA.
Ben
B
Waldau
1 Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, USA.
Bradley P
BP
Ander
1 Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, USA.
Xinhua
X
Zhan
1 Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, USA.
Boryana
B
Stamova
1 Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, USA.
Glen C
GC
Jickling
2 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at Davis, Davis, USA.
Bruce G
BG
Lyeth
1 Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, USA.
Frank R
FR
Sharp
D000818:Animals; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000201:enzymology; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D065852:Spatial Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D013917:Thrombin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics
C412373:AG 1879; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011743:Pyrimidines; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D013917:Thrombin
Fyn; Intraventricular hemorrhage; PP2; Src family kinases; spatial memory deficits