Phospholipid-protein balance in affective disorders: Analysis of human blood serum using Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. A pilot study.
Raman and FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) spectroscopies provide information on the chemical structure of compounds through identification and analysis of functional groups. In the present study, both spectroscopic techniques were used for investigating the phospholipid - protein balance in blood serum of depressed subjects (major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder type I or II) taking also into account their age and gender. The obtained results were compared with those of healthy subjects. The Raman and FTIR (using ATR (Attenuated Total Reflectance) technique), spectra show that a correlation between the level of phospholipids and proteins exists. Indeed, in depressed subjects the quantity of phospholipids and proteins is lower, compared to healthy ones. The second derivative of FTIR spectra shows that phospholipids directly affect the structure of proteins and their functions. In all male depressed subjects a higher amount of phospholipids and proteins compared to female depressed subjects was measured, offering them faster recovery perspectives. Spectroscopy results show that the phospholipids' and proteins' levels are lower in depressed subjects from 41 to 65 compared to the age group between 20 and 40, independently from the gender. Consequently, this study shows that Raman and infrared spectroscopies might be applied as a diagnostic tool to evaluate the balance between phospholipids and proteins in blood serum as a potential biomarker in depressive disorders.
Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31-342 Krakow, Poland. Electronic address: joannadepciuch@gmail.com.
Joanna
J
Depciuch
Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Science, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
Magdalena
M
Sowa-Kućma
Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology PAN, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; Chair of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland.
Gabriel
G
Nowak
Department of Affective Disorders, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 21a, 31-501 Krakow, Poland.
Dominika
D
Dudek
Department of Affective Disorders, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 21a, 31-501 Krakow, Poland.
Marcin
M
Siwek
Department of Affective Disorders, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 21a, 31-501 Krakow, Poland.
Krzysztof
K
Styczeń
Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31-342 Krakow, Poland.
Magdalena
M
Parlińska-Wojtan
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000097:blood; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D055815:Young Adult
D001798:Blood Proteins; D010743:Phospholipids
Affective disorders; Depression; FTIR; Phospholipid – protein balance; Raman spectroscopy; Serum markers