Fungal isolates and metabolites in locally processed rice from five agro-ecological zones of Nigeria.
This study reports the distribution of fungal isolates and fungal metabolites that naturally contaminate locally processed rice from five agro-ecological zones of Nigeria. The fungal species were isolated by the dilution plate technique and identified by appropriate diagnostics, while metabolites were determined by a liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric method. Aspergillus and Penicillium species were the predominant isolates found in the rice samples while Fusarium spp. were not isolated. The mean fungal count differed significantly (p < 0.05) across the zones and ranged from 9.98 × 102cfu g-1in the Southern Guinea Savannah to 96.97 × 102cfu g-1in the Derived Savannah. For 16 fungal metabolites, selected from 63 positively identified fungal metabolites based on their concentration and spread across the zones, an occurrence map was constructed. The Northern Guinea Savannah recorded the highest contamination of fungal metabolites while the Sudan Savannah zone recorded the least.
a Department of Food Technology , Lagos State Polytechnic , Ikorodu , Nigeria.
Rofiat
R
Abdus-Salaam
b Department of Biological Sciences , McPherson University , Seriki Sotayo , Nigeria.
Olusegun
O
Atanda
c Institute of Sciences of Food Production , National Research Council , Bari , Italy.
Francesca
F
Fanelli
d Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln) , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) , Vienna , Austria.
Micheal
M
Sulyok
c Institute of Sciences of Food Production , National Research Council , Bari , Italy.
Giuseppe
G
Cozzi
c Institute of Sciences of Food Production , National Research Council , Bari , Italy.
Simona
S
Bavaro
d Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln) , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) , Vienna , Austria.
Rudolf
R
Krska
c Institute of Sciences of Food Production , National Research Council , Bari , Italy.
Antonio F
AF
Logrieco
e Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology , Babcock University , Ilishan-Remo , Nigeria.
Chibundu N
CN
Ezekiel
f Institute of Food security, Environmental Resources and Agricultural Research (IFSERAR) , Federal University of Agriculture , Abeokuta , Nigeria.
Waheed A
WA
Salami
D001230:Aspergillus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D005506:Food Contamination; D005511:Food Handling; D005513:Food Inspection; D061353:Food Storage; D057230:Limit of Detection; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009549:Nigeria; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D010407:Penicillium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis
D009183:Mycotoxins; D014867:Water
Locally processed rice; agro-ecological zones; fungal metabolites; metabolite occurrence map