Galeterone and VNPT55 disrupt Mnk-eIF4E to inhibit prostate cancer cell migration and invasion.
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) accounts for a high percentage of prostate cancer mortality. The proprietary compound galeterone (gal) was designed to inhibit proliferation of androgen/androgen receptor (AR)-dependent prostate cancer cell in vitro and in vivo and is currently in phase III clinical development. Additionally, clinical studies with gal revealed its superb efficacy in four different cohorts of patients with mCRPC, including those expressing splice variant AR-V7. Preclinical studies with gal show that it also exhibits strong antiproliferative activities against AR-negative prostate cancer cells and tumors through a mechanism involving phosphorylation of eIF2α, which forms an integral component of the eukaryotic mRNA translation complex. Thus, we hypothesized that gal and its new analog, VNPT55, could modulate oncogenic mRNA translation and prostate cancer cell migration and invasion. We report that gal and VNPT55 profoundly inhibit migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells, possibly by down-regulating protein expression of several EMT markers (Snail, Slug, N-cadherin, vimentin, and MMP-2/-9) via antagonizing the Mnk-eIF4E axis. In addition, gal/VNPT55 inhibited both NF-κB and Twist1 transcriptional activities, down-regulating Snail and BMI-1 mRNA expression, respectively. Furthermore, profound up-regulation of E-cadherin mRNA and protein expression may explain the observed significant inhibition of prostate cancer cell migration and invasion. Moreover, expression of self-renewal proteins, β-catenin, CD44, and Nanog, was markedly depleted. Analysis of gal/VNPT55-treated CWR22Rv1 xenograft tissue sections also revealed that observations in vitro were recapitulated in vivo. Our results suggest that gal/VNPT55 could become promising agents for the prevention and/or treatment of all stages of prostate cancer.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.|Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Andrew K
AK
Kwegyir-Afful
Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.|Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Robert D
RD
Bruno
Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.|Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Puranik
P
Purushottamachar
Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.|Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Francis N
FN
Murigi
Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.|Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.|Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Vincent C O
VC
Njar
D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D039561:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D016513:Mice, SCID; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D034622:RNA Interference; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
D000730:Androstadienes; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D039561:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000609869:VNPT55; C491395:MKNK1 protein, human; C486342:MKNK2 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C500627:3-hydroxy-17-(1H-benzimidazole-1-yl)androsta-5,16-diene
EMT; Gal/VNPT55; Mnk1/2; eIF4E