The Influence of Ethanolic Extract of Brazilian Green Propolis Gel on Hygiene and Oral Microbiota in Patients after Mandible Fractures.
Maintenance of proper oral hygiene by dental plaque elimination is one of the most important factors affecting the healing process in postoperative oral wounds. Propolis is a substance produced by bees. Ethanolic extract of propolis has bactericidal, fungicidal, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties. Moreover, it can scavenge free radicals. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the efficacy of a gel containing 3% of ethanolic extract of Brazilian green propolis (EEP-B) when used for maintaining oral hygiene in patients with postoperative oral mucosal wounds. The hygiene was assessed using API, OHI, and SBI followed by microbiological examinations. The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of those who used a gel containing EEP-B for oral hygiene, and group 2 consisted of those who used a gel without EEP-B. Although improved oral hygiene was noted in both groups, the improvement was markedly greater in the group using gel containing EEP-B. Summing up the results of microbiological examinations, EEP-B has beneficial effect on mouth microflora in postoperative period. Propolis preparations used for oral hygiene allow eliminating microorganisms of pathogenic character and physiological flora microorganisms considered as being opportunistic, with no harmful influence on physiological microflora in oral ecosystem.
Department and Hospital of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery and Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
Iwona
I
Niedzielska
Department and Hospital of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery and Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
Zbigniew
0000-0002-5445-4134
Z
Puszczewicz
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland.
Anna
0000-0003-0796-8818
A
Mertas
Institute of Oral Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-957 Łódź, Poland.
Damian
D
Niedzielski
Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland.
Bartosz
B
Różanowski
Chair of Masticatory Dysfunction and Orthodontics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Traugutta 2, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
Stefan
0000-0003-4951-8030
S
Baron
Department of Periodontology, Wrocław Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wrocław, Poland.
Tomasz
T
Konopka
Department of Orthodontics, Chair of Masticatory Dysfunction and Orthodontics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Traugutta 2, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
Agnieszka
0000-0003-3894-1298
A
Machorowska-Pieniążek
Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
Małgorzata
0000-0003-0584-968X
M
Skucha-Nowak
Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
Marta
M
Tanasiewicz
Hospital of Laryngology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Francuska 20/24, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.
Jarosław
J
Paluch
Hospital of Laryngology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Francuska 20/24, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.
Jarosław
J
Markowski
Department and Hospital of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery and Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
Bogusława
B
Orzechowska-Wylęgała
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland.
Wojciech
W
Król
Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
Tadeusz
0000-0002-2283-5784
T
Morawiec
D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008337:Mandibular Fractures / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology*; D064307:Microbiota / Q000187:drug effects*; D009055:Mouth / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology*; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D011429:Propolis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
D005782:Gels; D000431:Ethanol; D011429:Propolis