Immunohistochemical pattern analysis of squamous cell carcinoma: Lung primary and metastatic tumors of head and neck.
This study aimed to develop an immunohistochemical (IHC) diagnostic algorithm for primary lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and pulmonary metastasis of head and neck SCC (HNSCC).



We selected three antibodies (CK19, MMP3, and PI3) from a web-based gene expression database and an IHC analysis available online. We developed an IHC diagnostic algorithm using tissue microarrays from 39 LSCCs and 48 HNSCCs as the training set. It was validated using whole tumor sections of 32 LSCCs and 23 HNSCCs. The algorithm was applied to 28 cases with a history of HNSCC and who underwent resection of pulmonary squamous cell tumors.



The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the algorithm were 90%, 62%, and 77%, respectively, in the training set and 96%, 44%, and 65%, respectively, in the validation set. Twenty-three of 28 SCCs were diagnosed as metastasis of HNSCC; the remaining five tumors were diagnosed as LSCC. Among the patients in the HNSCC group, 18 developed postoperative recurrence and 11 died of the disease, whereas only one patient in the LSCC group had recurrence. Compared with the LSCC group, the HNSCC group had poorer prognosis (P=0.07). IHC diagnosis coincided with the retrospective diagnosis in 22 (79%) of the 28 patients (sensitivity, 95%; specificity, 44%).



The IHC diagnostic algorithm may be clinically useful for distinguishing between LSCC and pulmonary metastasis of HNSCC.
Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: jichinose-tky@umin.ac.jp.
Junji
J
Ichinose
Department of Pathology, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Aya
A
Shinozaki-Ushiku
Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Kazuhiro
K
Nagayama
Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Jun-Ichi
JI
Nitadori
Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Masaki
M
Anraku
Department of Pathology, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Masashi
M
Fukayama
Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Jun
J
Nakajima
Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Daiya
D
Takai
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D019937:Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
Diagnosis; Immunohistochemistry; Lung cancer; Pulmonary metastasis; Squamous cell carcinoma