Imaging algorithms and CT protocols in trauma patients: survey of Swiss emergency centers.
OBJECTIVE
To identify imaging algorithms and indications, CT protocols, and radiation doses in polytrauma patients in Swiss trauma centres.


METHODS
An online survey with multiple choice questions and free-text responses was sent to authorized level-I trauma centres in Switzerland.


RESULTS
All centres responded and indicated that they have internal standardized imaging algorithms for polytrauma patients. Nine of 12 centres (75 %) perform whole-body CT (WBCT) after focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) and conventional radiography; 3/12 (25 %) use WBCT for initial imaging. Indications for WBCT were similar across centres being based on trauma mechanisms, vital signs, and presence of multiple injuries. Seven of 12 centres (58 %) perform an arterial and venous phase of the abdomen in split-bolus technique. Six of 12 centres (50 %) use multiphase protocols of the head (n = 3) and abdomen (n = 4), whereas 6/12 (50 %) use single-phase protocols for WBCT. Arm position was on the patient`s body during scanning (3/12, 25 %), alongside the body (2/12, 17 %), above the head (2/12, 17 %), or was changed during scanning (5/12, 42 %). Radiation doses showed large variations across centres ranging from 1268-3988 mGy*cm (DLP) per WBCT.


CONCLUSIONS
Imaging algorithms in polytrauma patients are standardized within, but vary across Swiss trauma centres, similar to the individual WBCT protocols, resulting in large variations in associated radiation doses.


CONCLUSIONS
• Swiss trauma centres have internal standardized imaging algorithms for trauma patients • Whole-body CT is most commonly used for imaging of trauma patients • CT protocols and radiation doses vary greatly across Swiss trauma centres.
Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistr. 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
R
R
Hinzpeter
Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Graubuenden, Chur, Switzerland.
T
T
Boehm
Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
D
D
Boll
Department of Radiology, Spital Wallis, Visp, Switzerland.
C
C
Constantin
Department of Radiology, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland.
F
F
Del Grande
Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland.
V
V
Fretz
Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kantonsspital St Gallen, Gallen, Switzerland.
S
S
Leschka
Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland.
T
T
Ohletz
Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
M
M
Brönnimann
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
S
S
Schmidt
Institute of Radiology, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Luzern 16, Switzerland.
T
T
Treumann
Department of Radiology, Geneva University Hospital, Genève, Switzerland.
P-A
PA
Poletti
Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistr. 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland. hatem.alkadhi@usz.ch.
Hatem
H
Alkadhi
D000465:Algorithms; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D006801:Humans; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013557:Switzerland; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D014193:Trauma Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D051598:Whole Body Imaging / Q000379:methods
Algorithm; Computed tomography; Imaging; Radiation; Trauma