Head injury assessment of non-lethal projectile impacts: A combined experimental/computational method.
The main objective of this study is to develop a methodology to assess this risk based on experimental tests versus numerical predictive head injury simulations. A total of 16 non-lethal projectiles (NLP) impacts were conducted with rigid force plate at three different ranges of impact velocity (120, 72 and 55m/s) and the force/deformation-time data were used for the validation of finite element (FE) NLP. A good accordance between experimental and simulation data were obtained during validation of FE NLP with high correlation value (>0.98) and peak force discrepancy of less than 3%. A state-of-the art finite element head model with enhanced brain and skull material laws and specific head injury criteria was used for numerical computation of NLP impacts. Frontal and lateral FE NLP impacts to the head model at different velocities were performed under LS-DYNA. It is the very first time that the lethality of NLP is assessed by axonal strain computation to predict diffuse axonal injury (DAI) in NLP impacts to head. In case of temporo-parietal impact the min-max risk of DAI is 0-86%. With a velocity above 99.2m/s there is greater than 50% risk of DAI for temporo-parietal impacts. All the medium- and high-velocity impacts are susceptible to skull fracture, with a percentage risk higher than 90%. This study provides tool for a realistic injury (DAI and skull fracture) assessment during NLP impacts to the human head.
Université de Strasbourg, UNISTRA-CNRS, ICube UMR 7357, 2 Rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France. Electronic address: deb4uinl@gmail.com.
Debasis
D
Sahoo
Royal Military Academy-Department of Weapons Systems and Ballistics-30 Avenue de la Renaissance, 1000 Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: cyril.robbe@dymasec.be.
Cyril
C
Robbe
Université de Strasbourg, UNISTRA-CNRS, ICube UMR 7357, 2 Rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France. Electronic address: deck.caroline@gmail.com.
Caroline
C
Deck
Université de Strasbourg, UNISTRA-CNRS, ICube UMR 7357, 2 Rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France. Electronic address: ciaofok@gmail.com.
Frank
F
Meyer
Royal Military Academy-Department of Weapons Systems and Ballistics-30 Avenue de la Renaissance, 1000 Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: alexandre.papy@dymasec.be.
Alexandre
A
Papy
Université de Strasbourg, UNISTRA-CNRS, ICube UMR 7357, 2 Rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France. Electronic address: remy.willinger@unistra.fr.
Remy
R
Willinger
D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D020833:Diffuse Axonal Injury / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008887:Military Medicine; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*
Axonal strain computation; Finite element head model; Head injury risk; Non-lethal projectile