Family Risk Factors Among Women With Addiction-Related Problems: An Integrative Review.
BACKGROUND
Recent years have produced many articles about women's addiction and its risk factors and the consequences of substance use and misuse in the emotional, social, psychological, and economic domains of life. Family vulnerabilities are one of the most important variables contributing to addiction among women. Thus, the purpose of this article is to investigate areas of family life that lead to women's taking up and maintaining drug and alcohol abuse.


METHODS
A database search of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer, and Google Scholar was conducted using the following keywords: "women and addiction", "women addiction and family", "addiction", "substance abuse" and "family". For the first step, we chose studies that were conducted between 2000 and 2015, and for the second step, studies conducted before 2000. We categorized all search results into three main groups: processes related to family disturbances, factors related to parenting styles, and variables related to partners.


RESULTS
Partners, parenting styles, and family disturbances are three main factors affecting children growing up in a family and their inclination toward addiction. Some of these pathways are complicated and indirect, and some are straightforward.


CONCLUSIONS
Future research should pay more attention to the mechanisms and pathways mediating or moderating the relationship between family risk factors and addiction in women. Clinicians and researchers should keep in mind these vulnerabilities and take into consideration factors special to processes related to addiction in women.
Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
Imaneh
I
Abasi
Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
Parvaneh
P
Mohammadkhani
Behavior, Addictive; Family; Substance Abuse; Women