Insights into the Biogenic Amine Metabolic Landscape during Industrial Semidry Chinese Rice Wine Fermentation.
Inspired by concerns about food safety, the metabolic landscape of biogenic amines (BAs) was elucidated during industrial semidry Chinese rice wine fermentation. The main fermentation process represented the largest contribution to BA formation, which corresponded to 69.1% (54.3 mg/L). Principal component analysis revealed that total acid and ethanol were strongly correlated with BAs, indicating that BA formation favored acidic and stressful conditions. Other than putrescine (PUT), spermidine (SPD), and spermine (SPM), 5 BAs exhibited strong relationships with the precursor amino acids (R2> 0.85). PUT was mainly decarboxylated from arginine (89.6%) whereas SPD (100%) and SPM (83.1%) were obtained from ornithine. Interestingly, some SPD could convert back to PUT (24.3%). All 8 BAs showed good relationships with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (R2around 0.75). Moreover, among the five main LAB genera, Lactobacillus had a positive correlation with BA formation.
The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China.
Xiaole
X
Xia
The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China.
Qingwen
Q
Zhang
Nantong Baipu Chinese Rice Wine Co., Ltd. , Nantong, Jiangsu 226500, P.R. China.
Bin
B
Zhang
The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China.
Wuji
W
Zhang
The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China.
Wu
W
Wang
D000143:Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D001120:Arginine / Q000737:chemistry; D001679:Biogenic Amines / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005285:Fermentation; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000378:metabolism; D009952:Ornithine / Q000737:chemistry; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D011700:Putrescine / Q000378:metabolism; D013095:Spermidine / Q000378:metabolism; D013096:Spermine / Q000378:metabolism; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology*
D000143:Acids; D001679:Biogenic Amines; D013096:Spermine; D019344:Lactic Acid; D000431:Ethanol; D001120:Arginine; D009952:Ornithine; D013095:Spermidine; D011700:Putrescine
Lactobacillus; biogenic amines; decarboxylation; industrial fermentation; principal component analysis; semidry Chinese rice wine