Right atrial isomerism in children older than 3 years.
BACKGROUND
There is a high mortality in infants with right atrial isomerism (RAI). However, less is known about outcome in older children with RAI. This study sought to evaluate those patients with RAI who survived older than 3 years of age without surgical intervention.


RESULTS
A total of 33 consecutive patients (20 males) were enrolled in the study, mean age 6 years (range 3-32). None of the patients had surgical intervention for the RAI before age 3. Cardiac abnormalities include altered cardiac position (39 %), atrioventricular valve anomaly (87 %), single or functional single ventricle (55 %), pulmonary/subpulmonary obstruction (97 %), abnormal origin of the aorta (100 %), bilateral superior vena cava (67 %), and anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (66 %). Surgical intervention was performed after 3 years of age in 20 patients (61 %). None of them planned or had biventricular repair performed. 10 patients underwent the total cavopulmonary connection procedure, including four (40 %) who had atrioventricular valve (AVV) repair at the same time [all with common atrioventricular valve (CAVV)]. One patient died the day after the operation. A total of 69 % of patients with a CAVV had moderate or severe regurgitation, while 27 % with a single atrioventricular valve had moderate or severe regurgitation.


CONCLUSIONS
Patients with RAI who have survived to early childhood without surgical intervention have complex cardiac abnormalities. Survival after single stage total cavopulmonary connection is good but AVV repair is common.
Department of Echocardiography, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037 China.
Sun
S
Yan
Department of Echocardiography, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037 China.
Wang
W
Jianpeng
Department of Echocardiography, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037 China.
Quan
Q
Xin
Department of Echocardiography, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037 China.
Zhang
Z
Minghui
Department of Echocardiography, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037 China.
Zhang
Z
Li
Department of Echocardiography, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037 China.
Wang
W
Hao