Co-encapsulation of paclitaxel and baicalein in nanoemulsions to overcome multidrug resistance via oxidative stress augmentation and P-glycoprotein inhibition.
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle for clinical application of paclitaxel (PTX). Recent studies have suggested that baicalein (BA) might be a potent MDR reversal agent with the ability of P-glycoprotein inhibition and oxidative stress augmentation. Herein, we co-encapsulated PTX and BA in nanoemulsions (PTX/BA NE) for overcoming MDR in breast cancer. Paclitaxel-cholesterol complex and baicalein-phospholipid complex were prepared to improve the liposolubility of PTX and BA. The cytotoxicity of the combination of PTX and BA with different weight ratios were evaluated and the combination with a weight ratio of 1/1 exhibited the strongest synergistic effect. In vitro cytotoxicity study indicated that PTX/BA NE had a better antitumor efficacy in MCF-7/Tax cells than other PTX formulations. Studies on cellular uptake demonstrated that the PTX/BA NE could effectively accumulate in cancer cells. Mechanism research showed that PTX/BA NE could significantly increase the cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), decrease cellular glutathione (GSH), and enhance caspase-3 activity in MCF-7/Tax cells. More importantly, in vivo antitumor study demonstrated that PTX/BA NE exhibited a much higher antitumor efficacy than other PTX formulations. These findings suggest that co-delivery of PTX and BA in nanoemulsions might provide us a potential combined therapeutic strategy for overcoming MDR.
State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
Luhua
L
Meng
State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
Xuejun
X
Xia
State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
Yanfang
Y
Yang
State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
Jun
J
Ye
State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
Wujun
W
Dong
State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
Panpan
P
Ma
Beijing Wehand-Bio Phamaceutical co., Ltd, Beijing 100260, PR China.
Yiqun
Y
Jin
State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China. Electronic address: ylliu@imm.ac.cn.
Yuling
Y
Liu
D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple / Q000187:drug effects; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004655:Emulsions; D005260:Female; D044950:Flavanones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D053758:Nanoparticles; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D004655:Emulsions; D044950:Flavanones; D010743:Phospholipids; C006680:baicalein; D002784:Cholesterol; D017239:Paclitaxel
Baicalein; Multidrug resistance; Nanoemulsions; Oxidative stress; P-glycoprotein; Paclitaxel