Beneficial effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on arterial remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats via protecting against oxidative stress.
Arterial remodeling is a pathogenic occurrence during hypertension and, in turn, is closely associated with the development and complications of hypertension. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) has been reported to exhibit a protective effect on cardiovascular disease, however its effect on arterial remodeling remains to be fully elucidated. In the present study, the effects of GSPE on arterial remodeling were analyzed by treating spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) with GSPE (250 mg/kg·day). Arterial remodeling was quantified through morphological methods; thoracic aortas were stained with hematoxylin-eosin or sirius red‑victoria blue. The arterial ultrastructure was imaged using transmission electron microscopy. The content of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin‑1 (ET‑1) were examined to determine endothelial function. Oxidative stress was assessed by malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Administration of GSPE markedly alleviated hypertension‑induced arterial remodeling, which was not associated with blood pressure control. ET‑1 production was reduced, while NO production was increased in the GSPE group, which exhibited improved endothelial function. In addition, treatment with GSPE significantly ameliorated oxidative stress by improving SOD and CAT activities and reducing MDA formation. In conclusion, GSPE may attenuate hypertension‑induced arterial remodeling by repressing oxidative stress and is recommended as a potential anti‑arterial remodeling agent for patients with hypertensive vascular diseases.
Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China.
Ying
Y
Liang
Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.
Jian
J
Wang
Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.
Haiqing
H
Gao
Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.
Quanzhen
Q
Wang
Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.
Jun
J
Zhang
Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.
Jie
J
Qiu
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000032:analysis; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D066253:Vascular Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects*; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry
D000975:Antioxidants; D019332:Endothelin-1; D056604:Grape Seed Extract; C511402:Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D009569:Nitric Oxide