Effects of air polishing and an amino acid buffered hypochlorite solution to dentin surfaces and periodontal ligament cell survival, attachment, and spreading.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to examine morphological changes of dentin surfaces following air polishing or amino acid buffered hypochlorite solution application and to assess their influence on periodontal ligament (PDL) cell survival, attachment, and spreading to dentin discs in vitro.


METHODS
Bovine dentin discs were treated with either (i) Classic, (ii) Plus, or (iii) Perio powder (EMS). Furthermore, Perisolv® a hypochlorite solution buffered with various amino acids was investigated. Untreated dentin discs served as controls. Morphological changes to dentin discs were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Human PDL cells were seeded onto the respectively treated discs, and samples were then investigated for PDL cell survival, attachment, and spreading using a live/dead assay, adhesion assay, and SEM imaging, respectively.


RESULTS
Both control and Perisolv®-rinsed dentin discs demonstrated smooth surfaces at low and high magnifications. The Classic powders demonstrated the thickest coating followed by the Powder Plus. The Perio powder demonstrated marked alterations of dentin discs by revealing the potential to open dentinal tubules even before rinsing. Seeding of PDL cells demonstrated an almost 100 % survival rate on all samples demonstrating very high biocompatibility for all materials. Significantly higher PDL cell numbers were observed on samples treated with the Perio powder and the Perisolv® solution (approximately 40 % more cells; p < 0.05). SEM imaging revealed the potential for PDL cells to attach and spread on all surfaces.


CONCLUSIONS
The results from the present study demonstrate that cell survival and spreading of PDL cells on root surfaces is possible following either air polishing or application with Perisolv®. Future in vitro and animal testing is necessary to further characterize the beneficial effects of either system in a clinical setting.


CONCLUSIONS
The use of air polishing or application with Perisolv amino acid buffered hypochlorite solution was effective in treating root surfaces and allowed for near 100 % PDL cell survival, attachment, and spreading onto all root surfaces.
Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.|Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Patrick R
PR
Schmidlin
Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.|Department of Oral Surgery, Clinical Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
Masako
M
Fujioka-Kobayashi
Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Heinz-Dieter
HD
Mueller
Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Anton
A
Sculean
Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Adrian
A
Lussi
Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. rmiron@nova.edu.|Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA. rmiron@nova.edu.
Richard J
RJ
Miron
D000388:Air; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology; D002021:Buffers; D002417:Cattle; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003775:Dental Polishing / Q000379:methods*; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects*; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology*; D013499:Surface Properties
D000596:Amino Acids; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002021:Buffers; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid
Air-Flow; Dentin discs; Dentinal tubules; Periodontal regeneration; Powder spraying