Characterization of progressive HIV-associated tuberculosis using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission and computed tomography.
Tuberculosis is classically divided into states of latent infection and active disease. Using combined positron emission and computed tomography in 35 asymptomatic, antiretroviral-therapy-naive, HIV-1-infected adults with latent tuberculosis, we identified ten individuals with pulmonary abnormalities suggestive of subclinical, active disease who were substantially more likely to progress to clinical disease. Our findings challenge the conventional two-state paradigm and may aid future identification of biomarkers that are predictive of progression.
Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.|Clinical Infectious Disease Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.|Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Hanif
H
Esmail
Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill Laboratory, London, UK.
Rachel P
RP
Lai
Clinical Infectious Disease Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.|Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Maia
0000-0002-2026-958X
M
Lesosky
Clinical Infectious Disease Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.|Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill Laboratory, London, UK.
Katalin A
KA
Wilkinson
Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill Laboratory, London, UK.
Christine M
CM
Graham
Clinical Infectious Disease Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Anna K
AK
Coussens
Clinical Infectious Disease Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Tolu
T
Oni
Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
James M
JM
Warwick
Department of Radiology, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
Qonita
Q
Said-Hartley
Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
Coenraad F
CF
Koegelenberg
Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.|Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
Gerhard
G
Walzl
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
JoAnne L
JL
Flynn
Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.|Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill Laboratory, London, UK.
Douglas B
DB
Young
Clinical Infectious Disease Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.|Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.|Tuberculosis Research Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.|Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Clifton E
CE
Barry Iii
Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill Laboratory, London, UK.|National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Anne
A
O'Garra
Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.|Clinical Infectious Disease Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.|Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill Laboratory, London, UK.
Robert J
0000-0002-2753-1800
RJ
Wilkinson
D000328:Adult; D060085:Coinfection / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D059425:Interferon-gamma Release Tests; D055985:Latent Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000072078:Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013019:South Africa; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18