Factors Predicting Internalized Stigma Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Living with HIV in Beijing, China.
Internalized stigma in people living with HIV is associated with negative outcomes including sexual risk behaviors and depression. Little research has focused on internalized stigma in men who have sex with men living with HIV (MSMLWH) in China. We measured internalized stigma and examined its potential predictors in a sample of 277 MSMLWH from two infectious disease specialist hospitals in Beijing, China. Descriptive analysis showed an intermediate high level of internalized stigma in these men. Multiple linear regression revealed that higher levels of stereotypes, negative affect, older age, lower levels of mastery, and limited information and emotional support were significant predictors of internalized stigma. Cognitive reconstruction interventions should be developed to change negative stereotypes and reduce internalized stigma, and information and emotional support should be provided to develop mastery, foster coping skills for internalized stigma, and alleviate negative affect. MSMLWH of older ages need more attention in stigma reduction programs.
Xiaohua
X
Xu
Yu
Y
Sheng
Kaveh
K
Khoshnood
Kirsty
K
Clark
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000068476:Beijing / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000523:psychology*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057545:Social Stigma; D012944:Social Support; D013240:Stereotyping; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
HIV; internalized stigma; men who have sex with men