Current Practice of Duodenoscope Reprocessing.
Numerous outbreaks of duodenoscope-associated transmission of multi-drug resistant bacteria have recently been reported. Unlike prior episodes of endoscope-transmitted infections, the latest outbreaks have occurred despite strict adherence to duodenoscope reprocessing guidelines. The current standard for all flexible endoscope reprocessing includes pre-cleaning, leak testing, an additional manual cleaning step, and high-level disinfection. When these steps are strictly followed, the risk of infection transmission during endoscopy is exceedingly rare. However, due to its complex design, the duodenoscope may not be able to be adequately disinfected using the current reprocessing standards. Supplemental measures to enhance scope reprocessing have subsequently been recommended to reduce the infection risk in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. These methods are likely short-term solutions that have yet to be validated regarded their effectiveness. Additional approaches to monitor the quality of duodenoscope reprocessing may also be useful. Ultimately, a definitive, yet logistically feasible, method of duodenoscope reprocessing is required to ensure the safety of our patients.
Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Stephen
S
Kim
Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. raman@mednet.ucla.edu.
V Raman
VR
Muthusamy
D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000295:instrumentation; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D020698:Duodenoscopes / Q000382:microbiology*; D004866:Equipment Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D017743:Equipment Reuse / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards
Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae; Duodenoscope; Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; Outbreak; Reprocessing