Tryptophan Predicts the Risk for Future Type 2 Diabetes.
Recently, 5 amino acids were identified and verified as important metabolites highly associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) development. This report aims to assess the association of tryptophan with the development of T2D and to evaluate its performance with existing amino acid markers. A total of 213 participants selected from a ten-year longitudinal Shanghai Diabetes Study (SHDS) were examined in two ways: 1) 51 subjects who developed diabetes and 162 individuals who remained metabolically healthy in 10 years; 2) the same 51 future diabetes and 23 strictly matched ones selected from the 162 healthy individuals. Baseline fasting serum tryptophan concentrations were quantitatively measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography triple quadruple mass spectrometry. First, serum tryptophan level was found significantly higher in future T2D and was positively and independently associated with diabetes onset risk. Patients with higher tryptophan level tended to present higher degree of insulin resistance and secretion, triglyceride and blood pressure. Second, the prediction potential of tryptophan is non-inferior to the 5 existing amino acids. The predictive performance of the combined score improved after taking tryptophan into account. Our findings unveiled the potential of tryptophan as a new marker associated with diabetes risk in Chinese populations. The addition of tryptophan provided complementary value to the existing amino acid predictors.
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
Tianlu
T
Chen
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
Xiaojiao
X
Zheng
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China.
Xiaojing
X
Ma
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China.
Yuqian
Y
Bao
University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, United States of America.
Yan
Y
Ni
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China.
Cheng
C
Hu
University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, United States of America.
Cynthia
C
Rajani
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
Fengjie
F
Huang
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
Aihua
A
Zhao
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.|Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China.
Weiping
W
Jia
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.|University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, United States of America.
Wei
W
Jia
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007532:Isoleucine / Q000097:blood; D007930:Leucine / Q000097:blood; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000097:blood; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000097:blood*; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000097:blood; D014633:Valine / Q000097:blood
D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D007532:Isoleucine; D014443:Tyrosine; D010649:Phenylalanine; D014364:Tryptophan; D007930:Leucine; D014633:Valine