A smartphone photogrammetry method for digitizing prosthetic socket interiors.
OBJECTIVE
Prosthetic CAD/CAM systems require accurate 3D limb models; however, difficulties arise when working from the person's socket since current 3D scanners have difficulties scanning socket interiors. While dedicated scanners exist, they are expensive and the cost may be prohibitive for a limited number of scans per year. A low-cost and accessible photogrammetry method for socket interior digitization is proposed, using a smartphone camera and cloud-based photogrammetry services.


METHODS
15 two-dimensional images of the socket's interior are captured using a smartphone camera. A 3D model is generated using cloud-based software. Linear measurements were comparing between sockets and the related 3D models.


CONCLUSIONS
3D reconstruction accuracy averaged 2.6 ± 2.0 mm and 0.086 ± 0.078 L, which was less accurate than models obtained by high quality 3D scanners. However, this method would provide a viable 3D digital socket reproduction that is accessible and low-cost, after processing in prosthetic CAD software. Clinical relevance The described method provides a low-cost and accessible means to digitize a socket interior for use in prosthetic CAD/CAM systems, employing a smartphone camera and cloud-based photogrammetry software.
1 The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Amaia
A
Hernandez
2 The Ottawa Hospital Rehabilitation Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Edward
E
Lemaire
D000674:Amputees / Q000534:rehabilitation; D001186:Artificial Limbs; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D006801:Humans; D010780:Photogrammetry / Q000379:methods*; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D011474:Prosthesis Design / Q000379:methods*; D012494:Sampling Studies; D000068997:Smartphone / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing; digitize; fabrication techniques; photogrammetry; prosthetics; smartphone; socket