Self-Powered, One-Stop, and Multifunctional Implantable Triboelectric Active Sensor for Real-Time Biomedical Monitoring.
Operation time of implantable electronic devices is largely constrained by the lifetime of batteries, which have to be replaced periodically by surgical procedures once exhausted, causing physical and mental suffering to patients and increasing healthcare costs. Besides the efficient scavenging of the mechanical energy of internal organs, this study proposes a self-powered, flexible, and one-stop implantable triboelectric active sensor (iTEAS) that can provide continuous monitoring of multiple physiological and pathological signs. As demonstrated in human-scale animals, the device can monitor heart rates, reaching an accuracy of ∼99%. Cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation and ventricular premature contraction can be detected in real-time. Furthermore, a novel method of monitoring respiratory rates and phases is established by analyzing variations of the output peaks of the iTEAS. Blood pressure can be independently estimated and the velocity of blood flow calculated with the aid of a separate arterial pressure catheter. With the core-shell packaging strategy, monitoring functionality remains excellent during 72 h after closure of the chest. The in vivo biocompatibility of the device is examined after 2 weeks of implantation, proving suitability for practical use. As a multifunctional biomedical monitor that is exempt from needing an external power supply, the proposed iTEAS holds great potential in the future of the healthcare industry.
Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, PR China.
Ye
Y
Ma
Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100083, PR China.
Qiang
Q
Zheng
Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, PR China.
Yang
Y
Liu
Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100083, PR China.
Bojin
B
Shi
Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, PR China.
Xiang
X
Xue
Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, PR China.
Weiping
W
Ji
School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, PR China.
Zhuo
Z
Liu
Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100083, PR China.
Yiming
Y
Jin
School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, PR China.
Yang
Y
Zou
Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, PR China.
Zhao
Z
An
Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, PR China.
Wei
W
Zhang
Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100083, PR China.
Xinxin
X
Wang
Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100083, PR China.
Wen
W
Jiang
Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, PR China.
Zhiyun
Z
Xu
Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100083, PR China.|School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.
Zhong Lin
ZL
Wang
Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100083, PR China.
Zhou
Z
Li
Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, PR China.
Hao
H
Zhang
D000818:Animals; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000175:diagnosis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants
Active sensor; biocompatibility; biomedical monitoring; energy harvesting; medical implants; triboelectric nanogenerator