'The one with the purse makes policy': Power, problem definition, framing and maternal health policies and programmes evolution in national level institutionalised policy making processes in Ghana.
This paper seeks to advance our understanding of health policy agenda setting and formulation processes in a lower middle income country, Ghana, by exploring how and why maternal health policies and programmes appeared and evolved on the health sector programme of work agenda between 2002 and 2012. We theorized that the appearance of a policy or programme on the agenda and its fate within the programme of work is predominately influenced by how national level decision makers use their sources of power to define maternal health problems and frame their policy narratives. National level decision makers used their power sources as negotiation tools to frame maternal health issues and design maternal health policies and programmes within the framework of the national health sector programme of work. The power sources identified included legal and structural authority; access to authority by way of political influence; control over and access to resources (mainly financial); access to evidence in the form of health sector performance reviews and demographic health surveys; and knowledge of national plans such as Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy. Understanding of power sources and their use as negotiation tools in policy development should not be ignored in the pursuit of transformative change and sustained improvement in health systems in low- and middle income countries (LMIC).
Ministry of Health, P.O. Box MB 44, Ministries, Accra, Ghana; Wageningen UR (University & Research Centre), Sociology of Development and Change, The Netherlands. Electronic address: augustina.koduah@wur.nl.
Augustina
A
Koduah
Julius Global Health, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Ghana Health Service, Research and Development Division, Dodowa Health Research Center, Dodowa, Ghana.
Irene Akua
IA
Agyepong
Wageningen UR (University & Research Centre), Sociology of Development and Change, The Netherlands.
Han
H
van Dijk
D003657:Decision Making / Q000941:ethics*; D005869:Ghana; D006291:Health Policy / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D008427:Maternal Health Services / Q000191:economics*; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000191:economics; D011050:Policy Making; D011209:Power, Psychological; D016730:Program Development / Q000379:methods*; D036301:Qualitative Research
Ghana; Institutionalised policy processes; Maternal health; Policy agenda setting; Policy formulation; Problem definition