Effect of Water on Survival and Development of Diapausing Eggs of Apolygus lucorum (Hemiptera: Miridae).
The green mirid bug Apolygus lucorum is a regional pest of multiple crops in northern China, and the survival and development of diapausing eggs during winter plays an important role in the population dynamics of this species. The effect of water on the survival and development of A. lucorum eggs was investigated using laboratory-induced diapause. Diapausing eggs were exposed to various humidity regimes under three conditions: (1) termination of diapause with exposure to warm long-day (WLD) conditions (i.e., 26 ± 1°C and 75 ± 5% relative humidity (RH) under a photoperiod of 16 hours light and 8 hours dark), (2) termination of diapause by chilling at 4°C, or (3) during the post-diapause stage, i.e., from transfer to WLD conditions after chilling, until the hatching of nymphs. The results indicate that water availability is crucial for the post-diapause resumption of development of A. lucorum. However, exposure to excessive moisture was detrimental, as indicated by a decrease in diapause termination rate and a prolonged pre-hatching period of diapausing eggs, compared to limited moisture conditions. This implies that both too dry and too humid environmental conditions would suppress survival and postpone hatching of overwintered A. lucorum eggs, and might explain why this pest has not caused severe damage in either southern or western China where the respective climates are very humid or dry.
Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.|Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, International Joint Research Laboratory for Crop Protection of Henan, Biological Pesticides Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
Yinli
Y
Jin
Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, International Joint Research Laboratory for Crop Protection of Henan, Biological Pesticides Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.|Nanyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanyang, 473008, Henan, China.
Peiyu
P
Chen
Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, International Joint Research Laboratory for Crop Protection of Henan, Biological Pesticides Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
Yanfang
Y
Zhang
Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, International Joint Research Laboratory for Crop Protection of Henan, Biological Pesticides Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
Guo
G
Tian
Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, International Joint Research Laboratory for Crop Protection of Henan, Biological Pesticides Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
Hongqiang
H
Feng
Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
Youming
Y
Hou
D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D064666:Diapause, Insect / Q000502:physiology*; D020062:Heteroptera / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D008675:Metamorphosis, Biological / Q000502:physiology*; D009758:Nymph / Q000254:growth & development; D010063:Ovum / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D017440:Photoperiod; D012621:Seasons; D014867:Water / Q000494:pharmacology
D014867:Water