Preparing for the unprecedented - Towards quantitative oil risk assessment in the Arctic marine areas.
The probability of major oil accidents in Arctic seas is increasing alongside with increasing maritime traffic. Hence, there is a growing need to understand the risks posed by oil spills to these unique and sensitive areas. So far these risks have mainly been acknowledged in terms of qualitative descriptions. We introduce a probabilistic framework, based on a general food web approach, to analyze ecological impacts of oil spills. We argue that the food web approach based on key functional groups is more appropriate for providing holistic view of the involved risks than assessments based on single species. We discuss the issues characteristic to the Arctic that need a special attention in risk assessment, and provide examples how to proceed towards quantitative risk estimates. The conceptual model presented in the paper helps to identify the most important risk factors and can be used as a template for more detailed risk assessments.
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: maisa.nevalainen@helsinki.fi.
Maisa
M
Nevalainen
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
Inari
I
Helle
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
Jarno
J
Vanhatalo
D000059:Accidents; D001110:Arctic Regions; D004777:Environment; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D059392:Petroleum Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
Arctic; Food web; Functional groups; Oil spill; Risk assessment; Uncertainty