Thromboembolic Model of Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion in Mice.
Ischemic stroke is the fourth leading cause of death in the USA and a prominent cause of death globally. Besides thrombolytic therapy used in a small subset of patients, no alternative therapeutic strategy has been shown to improve the outcome of stroke patients. Preclinical models of ischemic stroke are an essential tool for investigating pathogenic processes that happen after the ischemic insult, as well as to screen for candidate therapeutic interventions. There are several models of rodent ischemic stroke including mechanical occlusion, thromboembolic stroke, and photothrombotic stroke. However, models that permit studying stroke in the context of thrombolytic therapy, such as thromboembolic models, are becoming of increasing interest to the research community. In this chapter, we describe a thromboembolic model of ischemic stroke with and without tissue-plasminogen activator-induced reperfusion. We describe protocols for microemboli preparation, surgical procedure, and post-stroke assessment of animals.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.|Neuroscience Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
Ali
A
Alawieh
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.|Neuroscience Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
Wenxue
W
Wang
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.|Neuroscience Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
Aarti
A
Narang
Neuroscience Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. tomlinss@musc.edu.|Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 204 MSC 504, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. tomlinss@musc.edu.|Ralph H. Johnson Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA. tomlinss@musc.edu.
Stephen
S
Tomlinson
D000818:Animals; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*
Cerebral ischemia reperfusion; Microemboli; Stroke; Thromboembolic stroke; Thrombolytic therapy; Tissue-plasminogen activator