Chest electrical impedance tomography examination, data analysis, terminology, clinical use and recommendations: consensus statement of the TRanslational EIT developmeNt stuDy group.
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has undergone 30 years of development. Functional chest examinations with this technology are considered clinically relevant, especially for monitoring regional lung ventilation in mechanically ventilated patients and for regional pulmonary function testing in patients with chronic lung diseases. As EIT becomes an established medical technology, it requires consensus examination, nomenclature, data analysis and interpretation schemes. Such consensus is needed to compare, understand and reproduce study findings from and among different research groups, to enable large clinical trials and, ultimately, routine clinical use. Recommendations of how EIT findings can be applied to generate diagnoses and impact clinical decision-making and therapy planning are required. This consensus paper was prepared by an international working group, collaborating on the clinical promotion of EIT called TRanslational EIT developmeNt stuDy group. It addresses the stated needs by providing (1) a new classification of core processes involved in chest EIT examinations and data analysis, (2) focus on clinical applications with structured reviews and outlooks (separately for adult and neonatal/paediatric patients), (3) a structured framework to categorise and understand the relationships among analysis approaches and their clinical roles, (4) consensus, unified terminology with clinical user-friendly definitions and explanations, (5) a review of all major work in thoracic EIT and (6) recommendations for future development (193 pages of online supplements systematically linked with the chief sections of the main document). We expect this information to be useful for clinicians and researchers working with EIT, as well as for industry producers of this technology.
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
Inéz
I
Frerichs
Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Marcelo B P
MB
Amato
Department of Neonatology, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Anton H
AH
van Kaam
Neonatal Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
David G
DG
Tingay
Institute of Technical Medicine, Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany.
Zhanqi
Z
Zhao
Fraunhofer Project Group for Automation in Medicine and Biotechnology PAMB, Mannheim, Germany.
Bartłomiej
B
Grychtol
Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
Marc
M
Bodenstein
Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Hervé
H
Gagnon
Swisstom AG, Landquart, Switzerland.
Stephan H
SH
Böhm
Dräger Medical GmbH, Lübeck, Germany.
Eckhard
E
Teschner
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Ola
O
Stenqvist
Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Tommaso
T
Mauri
Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Vinicius
V
Torsani
Department of Adult Critical Care, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Luigi
L
Camporota
Paediatric Critical Care Research Group, Mater Research University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia.
Andreas
A
Schibler
Children's Hospital Traunstein, Ludwig Maximilian's University, Munich, Germany.
Gerhard K
GK
Wolf
Department of Adult Intensive Care, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Diederik
D
Gommers
Philips Chair for Medical Information Technology, Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
Steffen
S
Leonhardt
Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Andy
A
Adler
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002302:Cardiac Output; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D032921:Consensus; D017097:Electric Impedance; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D014054:Tomography / Q000379:methods
ARDS; Assisted Ventilation; Imaging/CT MRI etc; Paediatric Lung Disaese