Surface Modification of Water Purification Membranes.
Polymeric membranes are an energy-efficient means of purifying water, but they suffer from fouling during filtration. Modification of the membrane surface is one route to mitigating membrane fouling, as it helps to maintain high levels of water productivity. Here, a series of common techniques for modification of the membrane surface are reviewed, including surface coating, grafting, and various treatment techniques such as chemical treatment, UV irradiation, and plasma treatment. Historical background on membrane development and surface modification is also provided. Finally, polydopamine, an emerging material that can be easily deposited onto a wide variety of substrates, is discussed within the context of membrane modification. A brief summary of the chemistry of polydopamine, particularly as it may pertain to membrane development, is also described.
McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, Center for Energy and Environmental Resources, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road, Building 133, Austin, TX, 78758, USA.|Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, 30-210C, Berkeley, CA, 94702, USA.
Daniel J
0000-0003-4245-3270
DJ
Miller
Nalco Champion, 3200 Southwest Freeway, Ste. 2700, Houston, TX, 77027, USA.
Daniel R
DR
Dreyer
Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.|Department of Chemistry and Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
Christopher W
CW
Bielawski
McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, Center for Energy and Environmental Resources, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road, Building 133, Austin, TX, 78758, USA.
Donald R
DR
Paul
McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, Center for Energy and Environmental Resources, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road, Building 133, Austin, TX, 78758, USA.
Benny D
0000-0003-2779-7788
BD
Freeman
fouling; membranes; polydopamine; surface modification; water purification