Widespread occurrence of phthalic acid esters in raw oilseeds in China used for edible vegetable oil production.
Seven different phthalic acid esters (PAEs) were quantified in 124 samples of 16 types of oilseeds from China using a simplified GC-MS method. Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and di-n-butyl phthalate were found in all tested oilseed samples. Each made a high contribution to the summed total PAEs. Total PAE concentrations in 124 oilseeds ranged from 0.14 to 3.05 mg kg(-1), and the mean was 0.99 mg kg(-1). Mandulapalka (Cyperus esculentus) samples were the most severely contaminated among all the tested specimens; maize germ samples were least contaminated. Di-n-octyl phthalate and butylbenzyl phthalate were not detected in 12 and five types of oilseeds, respectively. Only eight samples contained all seven analytes. No difference was observed between woody oil-bearing plant and herbaceous oil-bearing plant in terms of PAEs content.
a College of Food Science and Technology , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , China.
Ai-Peng
AP
Hu
a College of Food Science and Technology , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , China.
Yu-Lan
YL
Liu
b State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China.
Long-Kai
LK
Shi
D002681:China; D004952:Esters / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*
D004952:Esters; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D010938:Plant Oils; C032279:phthalic acid
Phthalic acid esters; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; oilseeds