Antimicrobial susceptibility and body site distribution of community isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci.
The primary aim of this study was to determine antimicrobial resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) from healthy adults in the community. Healthy adults (n = 114) were swabbed on six body sites; both armpits, both knee pits and both sides of the groin. Species determination was performed using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization - Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) and susceptibility testing for 11 relevant antimicrobials was performed by the disc diffusion method and minimal inhibitory concentration gradient test. In total, 693 CoNS isolates were identified. Susceptibility testing was done on 386 isolates; one CoNS from each species found on each participant from the different body sites. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in the CoNS isolates were; erythromycin (24.6%), fusidic acid (19.9%), tetracycline (11.4%), clindamycin (7.8%), gentamicin (6.2%) and cefoxitin (4.1%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 5.2% of the isolates. Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. hominis were the first and second most prevalent species on all three body sites. We conclude that CoNS isolates from healthy adults in the community have a much lower prevalence of antimicrobial resistance than reported in nosocomial CoNS isolates. Still, we believe that levels of resistance in community CoNS should be monitored as the consumption of antimicrobials in primary care in Norway is increasing.
Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway. pauline.cavanagh@uit.no.|Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway. pauline.cavanagh@uit.no.
Jorunn Pauline
JP
Cavanagh
Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.|Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Runa
R
Wolden
Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Philipp
P
Heise
Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.|Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Eirin
E
Esaiassen
Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.|Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Claus
C
Klingenberg
Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Elizabeth G
EG
Aarag Fredheim
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D003030:Coagulase / Q000172:deficiency*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D055815:Young Adult
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003030:Coagulase
Coagulase-negative staphylococci; antimicrobial resistance; body site distribution; commensals; community CoNS