The impact of periconceptional maternal stress on fecundability.
To examine the association between periconceptional self-reported stress levels and fecundability in women.



Daily stress was reported on a scale from 1 to 4 (lowest to highest) among 400 women who completed daily diaries including data on lifestyle and behavioral factors, menstrual characteristics, contraceptive use, and intercourse for up to 20 cycles or until pregnancy. Discrete survival analysis was used to estimate the associations between self-reported stress during specific windows of the menstrual cycle and fecundability (cycles at risk until pregnancy), adjusting for potential confounders.



One hundred thirty-nine women became pregnant. During the follicular phase, there was a 46% reduction in fecundability for a 1-unit increase in self-reported stress during the estimated ovulatory window (fecundability odds ratio [FOR] = 0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.35-0.84) and an attenuated trend for the preovulatory window (FOR = 0.73; 95% CI 0.48-1.10). During the luteal phase, higher stress was associated with increased probability of conception (FOR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.07-2.50), possibly due to reverse causality.



Higher stress during the ovulatory window may reduce probability of conception; however, once conception occurs, changes in the hormonal milieu and/or knowledge of the pregnancy may result in increased stress. These findings reinforce the need for encouraging stress management techniques in the aspiring and expecting mother.
Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY.
Shekufe
S
Akhter
Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
Michele
M
Marcus
Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY.
Rich A
RA
Kerber
Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY.
Maiying
M
Kong
Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY. Electronic address: kira.taylor@louisville.edu.
Kira C
KC
Taylor
D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D006801:Humans; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016742:Preconception Care; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D011446:Prospective Studies; D057566:Self Report; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
Fecundability; Ovulatory window; Periconceptional; Prospective pregnancy study; Stress