Injectable calcium phosphate with hydrogel fibers encapsulating induced pluripotent, dental pulp and bone marrow stem cells for bone repair.
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hiPSC-MSCs), dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and bone marrow MSCs (hBMSCs) are exciting cell sources in regenerative medicine. However, there has been no report comparing hDPSCs, hBMSCs and hiPSC-MSCs for bone engineering in an injectable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffold. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a novel injectable CPC containing hydrogel fibers encapsulating stem cells for bone engineering, and (2) compare cell viability, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs, hiPSC-MSCs from bone marrow (BM-hiPSC-MSCs) and from foreskin (FS-hiPSC-MSCs), and hBMSCs in CPC for the first time. The results showed that the injection did not harm cell viability. The porosity of injectable CPC was 62%. All four types of cells proliferated and differentiated down the osteogenic lineage inside hydrogel fibers in CPC. hDPSCs, BM-hiPSC-MSCs, and hBMSCs exhibited high alkaline phosphatase, runt-related transcription factor, collagen I, and osteocalcin gene expressions. Cell-synthesized minerals increased with time (p<0.05), with no significant difference among hDPSCs, BM-hiPSC-MSCs and hBMSCs (p>0.1). Mineralization by hDPSCs, BM-hiPSC-MSCs, and hBMSCs inside CPC at 14d was 14-fold that at 1d. FS-hiPSC-MSCs were inferior in osteogenic differentiation compared to the other cells. In conclusion, hDPSCs, BM-hiPSC-MSCs and hBMSCs are similarly and highly promising for bone tissue engineering; however, FS-hiPSC-MSCs were relatively inferior in osteogenesis. The novel injectable CPC with cell-encapsulating hydrogel fibers may enhance bone regeneration in dental, craniofacial and orthopedic applications.
VIP Integrated Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130011,China; Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Lin
L
Wang
Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Chi
C
Zhang
VIP Integrated Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130011,China.
Chunyan
C
Li
Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Michael D
MD
Weir
Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. Electronic address: pwang@umaryland.edu.
Ping
P
Wang
Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Mark A
MA
Reynolds
Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China. Electronic address: lzhaonf@126.com.
Liang
L
Zhao
Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA.
Hockin H K
HH
Xu
D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050660:Core Binding Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005337:Fibrin / Q000737:chemistry; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000737:chemistry*; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D016062:Porosity; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry
D000464:Alginates; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D024042:Collagen Type I; D050660:Core Binding Factors; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D015675:Osteocalcin; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D005337:Fibrin; D048271:Chitosan; C020243:calcium phosphate
Bone marrow stem cells; Calcium phosphate cement; Cell-encapsulating fibers; Dental pulp stem cells; Human induced pluripotent stem cells