Selective, switchable fluorescent probe for heparin based on aggregation-induced emission.
A positively charged tetraphenylethene (TPE) derivative, TPE-4MN, was synthesized as a probe for heparin based on aggregation induced emission. On the addition of 5.0 μg/mL of heparin, TPE-4MN showed an enhanced emission of about 10-fold. The change in fluorescence at 475 nm was linear over a range of heparin concentrations of 0-1.0 μg/mL with an R = 0.99988 and the limit of detection (LOD) was calculated to be 0.75 μg/mL. The mechanism of the detection was proven to be through an ion pairing interaction. TPE-4MN showed good selectivity for heparin over other types of polysaccharides and could easily distinguish heparin from heparan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan having a similar structure to that of heparin.
MoE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States.
Yi Jia
YJ
Wang
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States.
Lei
L
Lin
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States.
Xing
X
Zhang
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States.
Victor
V
Schultz
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States.
Fuming
F
Zhang
MoE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. Electronic address: sunjz@zju.edu.cn.
Jing Zhi
JZ
Sun
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States; Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States. Electronic address: linhar@rpi.edu.
Robert J
RJ
Linhardt
D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000032:analysis; D006493:Heparin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008744:Methylamines / Q000737:chemistry; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000737:chemistry
D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D008744:Methylamines; D013267:Stilbenes; C000620471:tetra(4-(trimethylamino)phenyl)ethane; C000617116:tetraphenylethylene; D006493:Heparin
Aggregate induce emission; Detection; Fluorescence; Glycosaminoglycans; Heparin