Genome and metagenome analyses reveal adaptive evolution of the host and interaction with the gut microbiota in the goose.
The goose is an economically important waterfowl that exhibits unique characteristics and abilities, such as liver fat deposition and fibre digestion. Here, we report de novo whole-genome assemblies for the goose and swan goose and describe the evolutionary relationships among 7 bird species, including domestic and wild geese, which diverged approximately 3.4~6.3 million years ago (Mya). In contrast to chickens as a proximal species, the expanded and rapidly evolving genes found in the goose genome are mainly involved in metabolism, including energy, amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. Further integrated analysis of the host genome and gut metagenome indicated that the most widely shared functional enrichment of genes occurs for functions such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, propanoate metabolism and the citrate cycle. We speculate that the unique physiological abilities of geese benefit from the adaptive evolution of the host genome and symbiotic interactions with gut microbes.
Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China.|Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China.
Guangliang
G
Gao
Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China.|Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China.
Xianzhi
X
Zhao
Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China.|Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China.
Qin
Q
Li
Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.|Shanghai Personal Biotechnology Limited Company, Shanghai 200231, P. R. China.
Chuan
C
He
Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
Wenjing
W
Zhao
Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
Shuyun
S
Liu
Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
Jinmei
J
Ding
Shanghai Personal Biotechnology Limited Company, Shanghai 200231, P. R. China.
Weixing
W
Ye
Shanghai Personal Biotechnology Limited Company, Shanghai 200231, P. R. China.
Jun
J
Wang
Shanghai Personal Biotechnology Limited Company, Shanghai 200231, P. R. China.
Ye
Y
Chen
Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China.|Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China.
Haiwei
H
Wang
Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China.|Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China.
Jing
J
Li
Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China.|Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China.
Yi
Y
Luo
Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China.
Jian
J
Su
Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China.
Yong
Y
Huang
Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China.
Zuohua
Z
Liu
Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
Ronghua
R
Dai
Shanghai Personal Biotechnology Limited Company, Shanghai 200231, P. R. China.
Yixiang
Y
Shi
Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
He
H
Meng
Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China.|Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China.
Qigui
Q
Wang
D000220:Adaptation, Biological; D000818:Animals; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology*; D005777:Geese / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology; D023281:Genomics; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000235:genetics; D056186:Metagenomics; D013559:Symbiosis