[Efficacy and security of electronic cigarette for tobacco harm reduction: Systematic review and meta-analysis].
BACKGROUND
Smoking is the first cause of preventable death in France and in the world. Without help, it was shown that 80 % of smokers who try to quit smoking relapse after one month with a low long-term success rate. Smoking reduction can concern smokers who did not want to quit or failed in their attempt to weaning. The final aim is to increase attractiveness of drug therapies by developing new products, such as electronic cigarettes, that can compete cigarette without reproducing its harmful effects.


OBJECTIVE
Assess the capacity of electronic cigarettes to reduce or stop tobacco use among regular smokers.


METHODS
Consultations MEDLINE and COCHRANE databases.


BACKGROUND
e-cigarette; electronic cigarettes; ENDD (electronic nicotine delivery system); ENDS (electronic nicotine delivery device); vaping were used.
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the electronic cigarette with nicotine versus placebo device.


RESULTS
Two randomized controlled trials were included in the quantitative analysis. The nicotine electronic cigarette users have tobacco consumption significantly decreased compared to the placebo group (RR: 1.30, 95 % CI [1.02 to 1.66]) at 6 months. Smoking cessation rate at 3 months was greater with the electronic cigarette contains nicotine (RR: 2.55, 95 % CI [1.31 to 4.98]).


CONCLUSIONS
The small number of RCTs included does not allow definitive conclusions about the effectiveness of electronic cigarettes, especially in the medium to long term.


CONCLUSIONS
The use of electronic cigarette with nicotine decreases tobacco consumption among regular smokers. Further studies are needed to specify electronic cigarettes safety profile and its ability to cause a reduction in consumption and a long-term cessation in smokers.
CHU la Milétrie, université de médecine et de pharmacie de Poitiers, unité de recherche clinique intersectorielle en psychiatrie, département de médecine générale, 86021 Poitiers, France. Electronic address: paul.vanderkam@univ-poitiers.fr.
Paul
P
Vanderkam
Université de médecine et de pharmacie de Poitiers, département de médecine générale, conseil scientifique, collège national des enseignants généralistes, 86021 Poitiers, France.
Rémy
R
Boussageon
CHU de Poitiers, unité de tabacologie, service de pneumologie, pavillon René-Beauchant, 86021 Poitiers, France.
Michel
M
Underner
Centre hospitalier Henri-Laborit, université de médecine et de pharmacie de Poitiers, unité de recherche clinique intersectorielle en psychiatrie, Poitiers, France.
Nicolas
N
Langbourg
Université de médecine et de pharmacie de Poitiers, département de médecine générale, 86021 Poitiers, France.
Yann
Y
Brabant
Université de médecine et de pharmacie de Poitiers, département de médecine générale, 86021 Poitiers, France.
Philippe
P
Binder
Université de médecine et de pharmacie de Poitiers, département de médecine générale, 86021 Poitiers, France.
Bernard
B
Freche
CHU de Poitiers, centre hospitalier Henri-Laborit, université de médecine et de pharmacie de Poitiers, laboratoire de neurosciences expérimentale et clinique, groupement de recherche CNRS 3557, unité de recherche clinique intersectorielle en psychiatrie, Inserm U 1084, Inserm CIC-P 1402, Poitiers, France.
Nematollah
N
Jaafari
D066300:Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D061214:Patient Safety; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D009538:Nicotine