Flowers of Clerodendrum volubile exacerbate immunomodulation by suppressing phagocytic oxidative burst and modulation of COX-2 activity.
The immunomodulatory potentials of the crude methanolic extract and fractions [n-hexane (Hex), n-dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and n-butanol (BuOH)] of Clerodendrum volubile flowers were investigated on whole blood phagocytic oxidative burst using luminol-amplified chemiluminescence technique. They were also investigated for their free radicals scavenging activities. The DCM fraction showed significant (p<0.05) anti-oxidative burst and free radical scavenging activities indicating high immunomodulatory and antioxidant potencies respectively. Cytotoxicity assay of the DCM fraction revealed a cytotoxic effect on CC-1 normal cell line. GCMS analysis revealed the presence of triacetin; 3,6-dimethyl-3-octanol; 2R - Acetoxymethyl-1,3,3-trimethtyl - 4t - (3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl) - 1c - cyclohexanol and Stigmastan - 3,5-diene in DCM fraction. These compounds were docked with the active sites of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Triacetin, 3,6-dimethyl-3-Octanol, and 2R-Acetoxymethyl-1,3,3-trimethtyl-4t-(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-1c-cyclohexanol docked comfortably with COX-2 with good scoring function (-CDocker energy) indicating their inhibitory potency against COX-2. 3,6-dimethyl-3-Octanol, displayed the lowest predicted free energy of binding (-21.4kcalmol-1) suggesting its stronger interaction with COX-2, this was followed by 2R - Acetoxymethyl-1, 3, 3-trimethtyl-4t-(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-1c-cyclhexanol (BE=-20.5kcalmol-1), and triacetin (BE=-10.9kcalmol-1). Stigmastan - 3,5-diene failed to dock with COX-2. The observed suppressive effect of the DCM fraction of C. volubile flower methanolic extract on phagocytic oxidative burst indicates an immunomodulatory potential. This is further reflected in its free scavenging activities and synergetic modulation of COX-2 activities by its identified compounds in silico.
Nutrition and Toxicology Division, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Lagos, Nigeria; Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan; Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa. Electronic address: loreks@yahoo.co.uk.
Ochuko L
OL
Erukainure
Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan; Tabouk Medical College, University of Tabuk, King Fahad Road, Tabuk 71491, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed M
AM
Mesaik
Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan; Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Aliyu
A
Muhammad
Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa.
Chika I
CI
Chukwuma
School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa.
Neha
N
Manhas
School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa.
Parvesh
P
Singh
School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa.
Oluwole S
OS
Aremu
Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa.
Md Shahidul
MS
Islam
D032409:Clerodendrum; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D035264:Flowers; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation / Q000379:methods; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2
Antiinflamation; Antioxidant; Immunomodulation; Oxidative burst