The influence of respiratory motion on dose delivery in a mouse lung tumour irradiation using the 4D MOBY phantom.
OBJECTIVE
During precision irradiation of a preclinical lung tumour model, the tumour is subject to breathing motion and it can partially move out of the irradiation field. This work aimed to perform a quantitative analysis of the impact of respiratory motion on a mouse lung tumour irradiation with small fields.


METHODS
A four-dimensional digital mouse whole body phantom (MOBY) with a virtual 4-mm spherical lung tumour at different locations in both lungs is used to simulate a breathing anaesthetized mouse in different breathing phases representing a full breathing cycle. The breathing curve is determined by fluoroscopic imaging of an anaesthetized mouse. Each MOBY time frame is loaded in a dedicated treatment planning system (small animal radiotherapy-Plan) and is irradiated by a full arc with a 5-mm circular collimator. Mean and time-dependent organ doses are calculated for the tumour, heart and spinal cord.


RESULTS
Depending on the location of the lung tumour, an overestimation of the mean tumour dose up to 11% is found. The mean heart dose could be both overestimated or underestimated because the heart moves in or out of the irradiation field depending on the beam target location. The respiratory motion does not affect the mean spinal cord dose. A dose gradient is visible in the time-dependent tumour dose distribution.


CONCLUSIONS
In the future, new methods need to be developed to track the lung tumour motion before preclinical irradiation to adjust the irradiation plan. Margins, collimator diameter and target dose could be changed easily, but they all have their drawbacks. State-of-the-art clinical techniques such as respiratory gating or motion tracking may offer a solution for the cold spots in the time-dependent tumour dose. Advances in knowledge: A suitable method is found to quantify changes in organ dose due to respiratory motion in mouse lung tumour image-guided precision irradiation.
1 Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands.
Brent
B
van der Heyden
1 Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands.
Stefan J
SJ
van Hoof
1 Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands.
Lotte E J R
LE
Schyns
1 Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands.|2 Medical Physics Unit, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
Frank
F
Verhaegen
D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D051379:Mice; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D055425:Respiratory-Gated Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*