Unusual anti-leukemia activity of nanoformulated naproxen and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most widely used pharmaceuticals worldwide. Interestingly, many of them have significant anticancer properties too. However, the poor water solubility of certain NSAIDs limits their application for cancer treatment. Nanosizing of such drugs can help to improve the solubility and this may result in enhanced anticancer activities too. Moreover, over dosages and the accompanying side effects of NSAIDs can be minimized by improving their solubility and bioavailability. Successful nanoformulation of three NSAIDs: ibuprofen (IBP), ketoprufen (KP) and naproxen (NAP) using a novel evaporation assisted solvent-antisolvent interaction (EASAI) method is reported here. Three water soluble and biocompatible polymers: polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) were used to stabilize the drug nanoparticles. Particles having spherical morphology with average size below 30nm were thoroughly characterized using dynamic light scattering and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) imaging. The nanoformulation resulted in ten to fifteen fold improvements in the solubility and significant enhancement in the in-vitro drug release profiles of the NSAIDs. Anticancer screening of the nanoformulated NSAIDs against five different cancer cell lines such as MCF-7 (Human breast cancer cell line), (Human pancreatic cancer cell line) MIA-PA-CA-2, (Human colon cancer cell line) HT-29, (Human leukemia cell line) Jurkat and (human ovarian carcinoma cell line) A2780 was performed. All the nanoformulated samples showed improved anticancer activity against the Leukemia cancer cell line, out of which NAP-PVP showed the highest anti-cancer activity. The anti-Leukemia activity of NAP-PVP was more than twice that of doxorubicin which is a standard anticancer drug.
School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India; Advanced Material Research Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India.
Raj
R
Kumar
School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India; Advanced Material Research Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India. Electronic address: prem@iitmandi.ac.in.
Prem Felix
PF
Siril
School of Applied Science, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, United Kingdom.
Farideh
F
Javid
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D065546:Drug Liberation; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000494:pharmacology; D007938:Leukemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009288:Naproxen / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010316:Particle Size; D012995:Solubility; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009288:Naproxen; D007052:Ibuprofen
Anti-leukemia; Anticancer; Doxorubicin; Nanoparticles; Naproxen; Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs