Novel Three-Dimensional Understanding of Maxillary Cleft Distraction.
OBJECTIVE
To set forth a universal standard methodology for quantifying volumetric and linear changes in the craniofacial complex, utilizing three-dimensional data captured from a cleft-lip palate patient who underwent rigid external device (RED) distraction.


METHODS
Cone beam computed tomography images of a 14-year-old patient were captured using a Kodak 9500 (Atlanta, GA) Cone Beam system device and a stereophotogrammetric system (3dMDface(TM) Atlanta, GA). The subject was a nonsyndromic unilateral cleft-lip palate patient who received RED distraction as part of maxillary advancement in conjunction with orthodontic treatment. Preop (T1) and postop (T2) images were superimposed using Invivo 5.2.3 (San Jose, CA) software. Volumetric rendering of the airway, bone, and soft tissues, as well as linear measurements were analyzed. Each measurement was captured 10 times to ensure reliability and reproducibility of methodology.


RESULTS
Data from T1 to T2 revealed mean differences as follows: airway total volume +5250 mm, minimum cross-sectional area +67.84 mm; bone +1719 mm, soft tissue +44,432 mm. Mean of linear measurements: Pronasale 1.98 mm, Subnasale 3.35 mm, Labial superius 10.79 mm, Labial inferius 4.13 mm, Right alare 5.71 mm, Right cheilion 7.83 mm, Left alare 4.97 mm, Left cheilion 5.50 mm, Pogonion 3.01 mm, B-point 2.49 mm, U1-U1 9.77 mm, and L1-L1 0.00 mm. P values are <0.001 for each analysis.


CONCLUSIONS
This paper represents a novel and innovative way to look at prepost RED distractions in a three-dimensional format. A universal standard analysis of the craniofacial complex can be implemented using the techniques and method outlined in this study.
Stephen Michael
SM
Vaughan
Chung How
CH
Kau
Peter Daniel
PD
Waite
D000293:Adolescent; D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results