Gadolinium based contrast agents (GBCA): Safety overview after 3 decades of clinical experience.
In the past three decades, we have learned much about the potential short-term and long-term safety issues associated with the intravenous administration of gadolinium based contrast agents (GBCAs). Yet, surprisingly, the past few years and even months have been accompanied by new discoveries in this field. This manuscript focuses predominantly on what we have learned - and are continuing to learn - about the long-term potential MR safety issues associated with the administration of the various GBCAs available today and will highlight areas in which they appear to differ from each other at least in a quantitative fashion, if not qualitatively.
Magnetic Resonance Services, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; Radiology and Neuroradiology, Presbyterian Radiology, East Wing, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. Electronic address: ekanal@pitt.edu.
Emanuel
E
Kanal
D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging
D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium
Contrast agents; GBCA; Gadolinium; MRI; Magnetic resonance imaging; NSF; Safety; Transmetallation