Cholinergic and serotonergic modulation of visual information processing in monkey V1.
The brain dynamically changes its input-output relationship depending on the behavioral state and context in order to optimize information processing. At the molecular level, cholinergic/monoaminergic transmitters have been extensively studied as key players for the state/context-dependent modulation of brain function. In this paper, we review how cortical visual information processing in the primary visual cortex (V1) of macaque monkey, which has a highly differentiated laminar structure, is optimized by serotonergic and cholinergic systems by examining anatomical and in vivo electrophysiological aspects to highlight their similarities and distinctions. We show that these two systems have a similar layer bias for axonal fiber innervation and receptor distribution. The common target sites are the geniculorecipient layers and geniculocortical fibers, where the appropriate gain control is established through a geniculocortical signal transformation. Both systems exert activity-dependent response gain control across layers, but in a manner consistent with the receptor subtype. The serotonergic receptors 5-HT1B and 5HT2A modulate the contrast-response curve in a manner consistent with bi-directional response gain control, where the sign (facilitation/suppression) is switched according to the firing rate and is complementary to the other. On the other hand, cholinergic nicotinic/muscarinic receptors exert mono-directional response gain control without a sign reversal. Nicotinic receptors increase the response magnitude in a multiplicative manner, while muscarinic receptors exert both suppressive and facilitative effects. We discuss the implications of the two neuromodulator systems in hierarchical visual signal processing in V1 on the basis of the developed laminar structure.
Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan. Electronic address: shimegi@vision.hss.osaka-u.ac.jp.
Satoshi
S
Shimegi
Department of Healthcare, Osaka Health Science University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
Akihiro
A
Kimura
Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
Akinori
A
Sato
Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
Chisa
C
Aoyama
Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
Ryo
R
Mizuyama
Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
Keisuke
K
Tsunoda
Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
Fuyuki
F
Ueda
Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
Sera
S
Araki
Graduate School of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
Ryoma
R
Goya
Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
Hiromichi
H
Sato
D000818:Animals; D000882:Haplorhini / Q000502:physiology*; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000378:metabolism*; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000378:metabolism; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000378:metabolism; D059326:Serotonergic Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*
D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic
Contrast sensitivity; Contrast-response function; Gain control; Monkey; Neuromodulators; Primary visual cortex