Short communication: Pasteurization as a means of inactivating staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, and C in milk.
Our aim was to assess the effect of pasteurization temperature on inactivation of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE). Milk samples were inoculated with log 4.38 to 5.18cfu/mL of 40 different Staphylococcus aureus strains having the ability to produce types A, B, or C SE and incubated at 37°C for 24h to develop SE. This incubation was followed by heat treatment for 15 s at 72, 85, and 92°C. Samples were analyzed for Staph. aureus count by plate method and, specifically, for SE presence. An enzyme-linked immunofluorescent assay on a MiniVIDAS analyzer (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Étoile, France) was used to detect SE, which were determined semiquantitatively based on test values. The Staph. aureus count in milk before pasteurization did not affect the amount of SE. Before pasteurization, SEB was detected in the lowest amount compared with other SE types. Staphylococcal enterotoxins were markedly reduced with pasteurization and inactivated at pasteurization temperatures to an extent depending on the amount in the sample before pasteurization. After pasteurization at 72°C, SE were detected in 87.5% of samples (35/40), after pasteurization at 85°C in 52.5% of samples (21/40), and after pasteurization at 92°C in 45.0% of samples (18/40). We determined that SE may still persist in milk even when Staph. aureus bacteria are inactivated through pasteurization. Although pasteurization may partially inactivate SE in milk, a key measure in the prevention of staphylococcal enterotoxicosis linked to pasteurized milk consumption is to avoid any cold chain disruption during milk production and processing.
Department of Milk Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic. Electronic address: necidoval@vfu.cz.
Lenka
L
Necidova
Department of Milk Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Gastronomy, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
Katerina
K
Bogdanovicova
Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Danka
D
Harustiakova
Department of Milk Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
Katerina
K
Bartova
D000818:Animals; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D005504:Food Analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D061352:Pasteurization; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*
D004768:Enterotoxins
Staphylococcus aureus; heat-resistant staphylococcal enterotoxin; inactivation; pasteurization