The impact of family factors on IQ in pediatric medically refractory epilepsy.
To evaluate whether family factors were associated with intellectual functioning among children with medically refractory epilepsy, and whether family factors moderate the relationship between patient/epilepsy-related variables and intellectual functioning.



Children aged 4 to 18 years with medically refractory epilepsy who were evaluated for surgical candidacy were recruited. The authors assessed the association of intellectual quotient (IQ) with patient, epilepsy, and family factors. Family factors included parental education, household income, and validated parent-report measures of family functioning, family mastery and social support, and family demands.



Univariable analyses showed that higher IQ scores were associated with an older age of epilepsy onset (β = .260, p = .009), fewer antiepileptic drugs (β = .248, p = .013), a shorter duration (β = .384, p < .001) and percentage of life with epilepsy (β = .419, p < .001), unilobar epileptogenic foci relative to multilobar foci (β = .274, p = .006), and lower family demands (β = .211, p = .035). In multivariable analysis, unilobar epileptogenic foci (p = .010) and a shorter percentage of life with epilepsy (p = .001) remained significant predictors of IQ. Exploratory moderation analyses found the relationship between the extent of epileptogenic foci and IQ to be moderated by family demands (p = .004); specifically, patients with unilobar epileptogenic onset had similar IQ scores irrespective of family demands, whereas patients with multilobar foci had lower IQ scores with increasing family demands.



Family factors did not have a large impact on IQ among children with medically refractory epilepsy, although the moderating effect of family demands deserves further study. Epilepsy-related factors in this patient group may weaken the link between child IQ and family factors. (PsycINFO Database Record
Department of Psychology.
Klajdi
0000-0001-7763-988X
K
Puka
Department of Psychology and Neurosciences.
Mary Lou
ML
Smith
Division of Neurology and Diagnostic Imaging.
Elysa
E
Widjaja
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D000069279:Drug Resistant Epilepsy / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery*; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D010290:Parents; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012931:Social Environment; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014888:Wechsler Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data