Osteoarthritis: from pathogenic mechanisms and recent clinical developments to novel prospective therapeutic options.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that, despite recent progress, has no curative treatment. Considerable research has recently been initiated to identify new potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we will set forth some of the major discoveries in the past 5 years, notably those dealing with the identification of pathogenic factors [hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), complement, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and zinc-ZIP8]. New drugs and concepts currently in clinical development [anti-nerve growth factor (NGF), mesenchymal stromal cells and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-18] will then be addressed. Finally, we will consider prospective avenues that could lead to mid-to-long-term developments of novel therapeutic concepts, notably those dealing with autophagy regulation and induced pluripotent stem cells.
INSERM, UMRS 791-LIOAD, STEP Group, Nantes, France; Nantes University, UFR Odontology, Nantes, France.
Claire
C
Vinatier
INSERM, UMRS 791-LIOAD, STEP Group, Nantes, France; Nantes University, UFR Odontology, Nantes, France.
Christophe
C
Merceron
INSERM, UMRS 791-LIOAD, STEP Group, Nantes, France; Nantes University, UFR Odontology, Nantes, France; CHU Nantes, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, France. Electronic address: jerome.guicheux@inserm.fr.
Jerome
J
Guicheux
D000818:Animals; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D000097809:Transcription Factor MTF-1
D003165:Complement System Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D000097809:Transcription Factor MTF-1; C497442:HIF1A protein, human