Winery biomass waste degradation by sequential sonication and mixed fungal enzyme treatments.
To increase the efficiency of winery-derived biomass biodegradation, grape pomace was ultrasonicated for 20min in the presence of 0.25M, 0.5Mand1.0MKOH and 1.0MNaOH. This was followed by treatment with a 1:1 (v/v) mix of crude enzyme preparation derived from Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trametes versicolor for 18h and a further 18h treatment with a 60:14:4:2 percent ratio combination of enzymes derived from Aspergillus niger: Penicillium chrysogenum: Trichoderma harzianum: P. citrinum, repsectively. Process efficiency was evaluated by its comparison to biological only mixed fungal degradation over 16days. Ultrasonication treatment with 0.5MKOH followed by mixed enzyme treatment yielded the highest lignin degradation of about 13%. Cellulase, β-glucosidase, xylanase, laccase and lignin peroxidase activities of 77.9, 476, 5,390.5, 66.7 and 29,230.7U/mL, respectively, were observed during biomass degradation. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the degraded material identified commercially important compounds such as gallic acid, lithocholic acid, glycolic acid and lactic acid which were generated in considerable quantities. Thus, the combination of sonication pre-treatment and enzymatic degradation has the potential to considerably improve the breakdown of agricultural biomass and produce commercially useful compounds in markedly less time (<40h) with respect to biological only degradation (16days).
Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), PO Box 2583, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia.
Avinash V
AV
Karpe
Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.
Vijay V
VV
Dhamale
Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, PO Box 2547, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
Paul D
PD
Morrison
Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), PO Box 2583, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia.
David J
DJ
Beale
Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.
Ian H
IH
Harding
Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia. Electronic address: epalombo@swin.edu.au.
Enzo A
EA
Palombo
D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018533:Biomass; D002480:Cellulase / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation / Q000187:drug effects; D005658:Fungi / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006016:Glycolates / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D042845:Laccase / Q000378:metabolism; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism*; D055432:Metabolomics; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010408:Penicillium chrysogenum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D013010:Sonication; D027843:Vitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D014920:Wine
D006016:Glycolates; C031149:glycolic acid; D005707:Gallic Acid; D008031:Lignin; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D042845:Laccase; D010544:Peroxidases; C042858:lignin peroxidase; D006867:Hydrolases; D002480:Cellulase
Enzyme activities; Fungi; Grape biomass; Lignin degradation; Metabolomics; Ultrasonication