Untargeted Screening and Distribution of Organo-Iodine Compounds in Sediments from Lake Michigan and the Arctic Ocean.
The majority of halogenated organic compounds present in the environment remain unidentified. To address this data gap, we recently developed an untargeted method (data-independent precursor isolation and characteristic fragment; DIPIC-Frag) for identification of unknown organo-bromine compounds. In this study, the method was adapted to enable untargeted screening of natural and synthetic organo-iodine compounds (NSOICs) in sediments. A total of 4,238 NSOIC peaks were detected in sediments from Lake Michigan. Precursor ions and formulas were determined for 2,991 (71%) of the NSOIC peaks. These compounds exhibited variations in abundances (<10(3) to ∼10(7)), m/z values (206.9304-996.9474), retention times (1.0-29.7 min), and number of iodine atoms (1-4). Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that sediments in closer proximity exhibited similar profiles of NSOICs. NSOICs were screened in 10 samples of sediment from the Arctic Ocean to compare the profiles of NSOICs between freshwater and marine sediments. A total of 3,168 NSOIC peaks were detected, and profiles of NSOICs in marine sediments were clearly distinct from Lake Michigan. The coexistence of brominated and iodinated analogues indicated that some NSOICs are of natural origin. Different ratios of abundances of iodinated compounds to brominated analogues were observed and proposed as a marker to distinguish sources of NSOICs.
Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada.
Hui
H
Peng
Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada.|Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization of MOE, School of Resources, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047, People's Republic of China.
Chunli
C
Chen
Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada.
Jenna
J
Cantin
Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada.
David M V
DM
Saunders
Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada.
Jianxian
J
Sun
School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan , 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C8, Canada.
Song
S
Tang
Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada.
Garry
G
Codling
Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada.|School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan , 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C8, Canada.
Markus
M
Hecker
Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada.
Steve
S
Wiseman
Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada.|School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan , 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C8, Canada.
Paul D
PD
Jones
School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.
An
A
Li
Department of Civil and Materials Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , 842 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.
Karl J
KJ
Rockne
Department of Geological Sciences, University of Delaware , 255 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.
Neil C
NC
Sturchio
SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China , Shanghai 200136, China.
Minghong
M
Cai
Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada.|Zoology Department, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University , 1129 Farm Lane Road, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.|School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Peoples Republic of China.|State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China.
John P
JP
Giesy
D019015:Geologic Sediments; D017613:Iodine Compounds; D060106:Lakes; D008824:Michigan; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
D017613:Iodine Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical