Expressing human SHOX in Shox2SHOX KI/KI mice leads to congenital osteoarthritis‑like disease of the temporomandibular joint in postnatal mice.
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ), a unique synovial joint whose development differs from that of other synovial joints, develops from two distinct mesenchymal condensations that grow toward each other and ossify through different mechanisms. The short stature homeobox 2 (Shox2) gene serves an important role in TMJ development and previous studies have demonstrated that Shox2SHOX KI/KI mice display a TMJ defective phenotype, congenital dysplasia and premature eroding of the articular disc, which is clinically defined as a TMJ disorder. In the present study, Shox2SHOX KI/KI mouse models were used to investigate the mechanisms of congenital osteoarthritis (OA)‑like disease during postnatal TMJ growth. Shox2SHOX KI/KI mice were observed to develop a severe muscle wasting syndrome from day 7 postnatal. Histological examination indicated that the condyle and glenoid fossa of Shox2SHOX KI/KI mice was reduced in size in the second week after birth. The condyles of Shox2SHOX KI/KI mice exhibited reduced expression levels of collagen type II and Indian hedgehog, and increased expression of collagen type I. A marked increase in matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and MMP13 in the condyles was also observed. These cellular and molecular defects may contribute to the observed (OA)‑like phenotype of Shox2SHOX KI/KI mouse TMJs.
Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.
Wenna
W
Liang
Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.
Xihai
X
Li
Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.
Houhuang
H
Chen
Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.
Xiang
X
Shao
Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.
Xuejuan
X
Lin
Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.
Jianying
J
Shen
Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.
Shanshan
S
Ding
Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.
Jie
J
Kang
Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.
Candong
C
Li
D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000032:analysis; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000032:analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D055879:Gene Knock-In Techniques; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 / Q000032:analysis; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000032:analysis; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000074122:Short Stature Homeobox Protein; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D019282:Wasting Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology
D024042:Collagen Type I; D024043:Collagen Type II; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C106071:SHOX protein, human; D000074122:Short Stature Homeobox Protein; C484663:Shox2 protein, mouse; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9