What is known about pediatric antiphospholipid syndrome?
BACKGROUND
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by vascular thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity associated with the persistent presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) including lupus anticoagulant (LA), anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL), and anti-β2 glycoprotein I antibodies (aβ2GPI).


METHODS
APS is considered as the most common acquired hypercoagulation state of autoimmune origin in children. Unfortunately, data about incidence, prevalence, thrombosis risk and effective treatment in paediatric APS are limited and unmethodical. Expert commentary: This review summarizes recent clinical, laboratory and therapy characterization of paediatric APS and emphasizes the differences between paediatric and adult populations.
a Rheumatology , Gaetano Pini Institute, Center of Pediatric Rheumatology, Chair of Rheumatology, University of Milan , Milan , Italy.|b Experimental Laboratory of Immunorheumatology , IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano , Cusano Milanino , Italy.|c Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health , University of Milan , Milan , Italy.
Pier Luigi
PL
Meroni
a Rheumatology , Gaetano Pini Institute, Center of Pediatric Rheumatology, Chair of Rheumatology, University of Milan , Milan , Italy.
Lorenza Maria
LM
Argolini
a Rheumatology , Gaetano Pini Institute, Center of Pediatric Rheumatology, Chair of Rheumatology, University of Milan , Milan , Italy.
Irene
I
Pontikaki
D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / Q000276:immunology; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000276:immunology; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019468:Disease Management; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010641:Phenotype; D012307:Risk Factors; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control
D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; D001323:Autoantibodies
De novo aPL; Paediatric CAPS; Paediatric antiphospholipid syndrome; Ped APS Registry; neonatal thrombosis; thrombosis in children