Presence of Vaccine-Derived Newcastle Disease Viruses in Wild Birds.
Our study demonstrates the repeated isolation of vaccine-derived Newcastle disease viruses from different species of wild birds across four continents from 1997 through 2014. The data indicate that at least 17 species from ten avian orders occupying different habitats excrete vaccine-derived Newcastle disease viruses. The most frequently reported isolates were detected among individuals in the order Columbiformes (n = 23), followed in frequency by the order Anseriformes (n = 13). Samples were isolated from both free-ranging (n = 47) and wild birds kept in captivity (n = 7). The number of recovered vaccine-derived viruses corresponded with the most widely utilized vaccines, LaSota (n = 28) and Hitchner B1 (n = 19). Other detected vaccine-derived viruses resembled the PHY-LMV2 and V4 vaccines, with five and two cases, respectively. These results and the ubiquitous and synanthropic nature of wild pigeons highlight their potential role as indicator species for the presence of Newcastle disease virus of low virulence in the environment. The reverse spillover of live agents from domestic animals to wildlife as a result of the expansion of livestock industries employing massive amounts of live virus vaccines represent an underappreciated and poorly studied effect of human activity on wildlife.
College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.|Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.
Andrea J
AJ
Ayala
Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.|National Diagnostic Research Veterinary Medical Institute, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Kiril M
KM
Dimitrov
Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.
Cassidy R
CR
Becker
Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.|National Scientific Center Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine.
Iryna V
IV
Goraichuk
Laboratory of Animal Virology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.
Clarice W
CW
Arns
National Scientific Center Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine.
Vitaly I
VI
Bolotin
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering and Graduate Program in Experimental Epidemiology of Zoonosis, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.|Post-Graduate Program in the Experimental Epidemiology of Zoonoses, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Helena L
HL
Ferreira
National Scientific Center Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine.
Anton P
AP
Gerilovych
National Diagnostic Research Veterinary Medical Institute, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Gabriela V
GV
Goujgoulova
Laboratory of Animal Virology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.
Matheus C
MC
Martini
National Scientific Center Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine.
Denys V
DV
Muzyka
National Agricultural Laboratory of São Paulo, Lanagro/SP, Campinas, Brazil.
Maria A
MA
Orsi
Laboratory of Animal Virology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.
Guilherme P
GP
Scagion
Post-Graduate Program in the Experimental Epidemiology of Zoonoses, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Renata K
RK
Silva
National Scientific Center Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine.
Olexii S
OS
Solodiankin
National Scientific Center Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine.
Boris T
BT
Stegniy
Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.
Patti J
PJ
Miller
Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.
Claudio L
CL
Afonso
D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D001717:Birds / Q000821:virology*; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010802:Phylogeny