Linking the Microbiota, Chronic Disease, and the Immune System.
Chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) are the most important causes of mortality in the world today and are on the rise. We now know that immune-driven inflammation is critical in the etiology of these diseases, though the environmental triggers and cellular mechanisms that lead to their development are still mysterious. Many CIDs are associated with significant shifts in the microbiota toward inflammatory configurations, which can affect the host both by inducing local and systemic inflammation and by alterations in microbiota-derived metabolites. This review discusses recent findings suggesting that shifts in the microbiota may contribute to chronic disease via effects on the immune system.
Richard King Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA. Electronic address: timothy.hand@chp.edu.
Timothy W
TW
Hand
Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Ivan
I
Vujkovic-Cvijin
Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Vanessa K
VK
Ridaura
Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Microbiome Program, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Yasmine
Y
Belkaid
D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D064806:Dysbiosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D064307:Microbiota / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*
D058847:Inflammasomes
dysbiosis; inflammasome; metabolic syndrome; microbiota