Morphological patterns of lip prints in Mangaloreans based on Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification.
BACKGROUND
Cheiloscopy is the study of the furrows or grooves present on the red part or vermilion border of the human lips. The present study aims to classify the characteristics of lip prints and to know the most common morphological pattern specific to Mangalorean people of Southern India. For the first time, this study also assesses the association between gender and different lip segments within a population.


METHODS
A total of 200 residents of Mangalore (100 males and 100 females) were included of age ranging from 18 years to 60 years. Materials used to take the impression of lips included red lipstick, A4 size white bond paper and cellophane tape. The prints obtained were scanned using a Canon Image Scanner and stored in a folder on a personal computer. The images were cropped and inverted in gray scale using Adobe Photoshop software. Each lip print was divided into eight segments and was examined. Suzuki and Tsuchihashi's classification (1970) was used to classify the types of grooves, and the results were statistically analyzed. Six types of grooves were recorded in the Mangalorean's lips.


METHODS
Association between gender and different lip segments was tested using Chi-square analysis in the given population.


RESULTS
In males, the groove Type I' was the highest recorded followed by Type III, Type II, Type I, Type IV and Type V in descending order. In females, Type I' was the highest recorded followed by Type II, Type III, Type IV, Type I and Type V in descending order.


CONCLUSIONS
Males and females displayed statistically significant differences in lip print patterns for different lip sites: lower medial lip, as well as upper and lower lateral segments. Only the upper medial lip segment displayed no statistically significant difference in lip print pattern between males and females. This shows that the distribution of lip prints is generally dissimilar for males and females, with varying predominance according to lip segment.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
Prabhakar A
PA
Jeergal
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, A. J. Institute of Dental Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India.
Siddharth
S
Pandit
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, A. J. Institute of Dental Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India.
Dinkar
D
Desai
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Navodaya Dental College and Hospital, Raichur, Karnataka, India.
R
R
Surekha
Department of General Medicine, Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
Vasanti A
VA
Jeergal
Cheiloscopy; forensic odontology; lip prints; personal identification