Label and Label-Free Detection Techniques for Protein Microarrays.
Protein microarray technology has gone through numerous innovative developments in recent decades. In this review, we focus on the development of protein detection methods embedded in the technology. Early microarrays utilized useful chromophores and versatile biochemical techniques dominated by high-throughput illumination. Recently, the realization of label-free techniques has been greatly advanced by the combination of knowledge in material sciences, computational design and nanofabrication. These rapidly advancing techniques aim to provide data without the intervention of label molecules. Here, we present a brief overview of this remarkable innovation from the perspectives of label and label-free techniques in transducing nano‑biological events.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia. amirsyahir@upm.edu.my.
Amir
A
Syahir
Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan. kusui@center.konan-u.ac.jp.
Kenji
K
Usui
Department of Materials Chemistry, Ryukoku University, Seta, Otsu 520-2194, Japan. tomizaki@rins.ryukoku.ac.jp.
Kin-Ya
KY
Tomizaki
Department of Electronics and Applied Physics, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan. kajikawa@ep.titech.ac.jp.
Kotaro
K
Kajikawa
Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan. hmihara@bio.titech.ac.jp.
Hisakazu
H
Mihara
detection method; label technique; label-free technique; protein chip; protein microarray