Novel colon-available triterpenoids identified in raspberry fruits exhibit antigenotoxic activities in vitro.
Ileostomy studies provide a unique insight into digestion of food, allowing identification of physiologically relevant dietary phytochemicals and their metabolites important to gut health. We previously reported the consistent increase of components in ileal fluids of ileostomates after consumption of raspberries with use of nontargeted LC-MSntechniques and data deconvolution software highlighting two major unknown components (m/z 355 and 679).



In-depth LC-MSnanalyses suggested that the ileal m/z 355 components were p-coumaroyl glucarates. These compounds have not been identified previously and were confirmed in raspberry extracts after partial purification. The major ileal component with m/z 679 was a glycoside with an aglycone of m/z 517 and was present as two peaks in extracts of whole puree, unseeded puree, and isolated seeds. These components were purified using Sephadex LH20 and C18 SPE units and identified as major, novel raspberry triterpenoid glycosides. This triterpenoid-enriched fraction (100 nM) protected against H2O2-induced DNA damage in both colon cancer and normal cell lines and altered expression of cytoprotective genes.



The presence of these novel raspberry triterpenoid components in ileal fluids indicates that they would be colon-available in vivo, so confirmation of their anticancer bioactivities is of key physiological relevance.
Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Group, Enhancing Crop Productivity and Utilisation Theme, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, Scotland.
Gordon J
GJ
McDougall
Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Group, Enhancing Crop Productivity and Utilisation Theme, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, Scotland.
J William
JW
Allwood
Postharvest, Technology and Agrifood Industry Area, IFAPA, Córdoba, Spain.
Gema
G
Pereira-Caro
Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
Emma M
EM
Brown
Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Group, Enhancing Crop Productivity and Utilisation Theme, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, Scotland.
Susan
S
Verrall
Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Group, Enhancing Crop Productivity and Utilisation Theme, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, Scotland.|NIBIO, Norsk Institut for Bioøkonomi, Bodø, Norway.
Derek
D
Stewart
Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
Cheryl
C
Latimer
Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
Geoff
G
McMullan
Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Western Health and Social Care Trust, Londonderry, UK.
Roger
R
Lawther
Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Western Health and Social Care Trust, Londonderry, UK.
Gloria
G
O'Connor
Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
Ian
I
Rowland
Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Alan
A
Crozier
Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
Chris I R
CI
Gill
D016587:Antimutagenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001682:Biological Availability; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism; D020552:Comet Assay; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000633:toxicity; D007081:Ileostomy; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D065856:Rubus / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology
D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495635:NFE2L2 protein, human; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014315:Triterpenes; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
Colon cancer; Ileal fluid; Metabolic profiling; Raspberries; Triterpenoids