Prescription opioid dispensing and prescription opioid poisoning: Population data from Victoria, Australia 2006 to 2013.
OBJECTIVE
To describe recent trends in opioid prescribing and prescription opioid poisoning resulting in hospitalisation or death in Victoria, Australia.


METHODS
This is a population-based ecological study of residents of Victoria, 2006 - 14. Australian Bureau of Statistics residential population data were combined with Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) opioid prescription data, Victorian Admitted Episodes Data (VAED) and cause of death data.


RESULTS
Annual opioid dispensings increased by 78% in 2006 - 13, from 0.33 to 0.58 per population. Opioid use increased with age: in 2013, 14% of Victorian residents aged ≥65 years filled at least one oxycodone prescription. In 2006 - 14, prescription opioid related hospital admissions increased by 6.8% per year, from 107 to 187 /1,000,000 person-years; 56% were due to intentional self-poisoning. Annual deaths increased from 21 to 28 /1,000,000 persons, in 2007 - 11. Admissions and deaths peaked at 25-44 years.


CONCLUSIONS
Although both opioid prescribing and poisoning have increased, there is discrepancy between the exposed group (dispensings increased with age) and those with adverse consequences (rates peaked at ages 25-44 years).


CONCLUSIONS
A better understanding is needed of drivers of prescribing and adverse consequences. Together with monitoring of prescribing and poisoning, this will facilitate early detection and prevention of a public health problem.
Monash Injury Research Institute, Monash University, Victoria.
Janneke
J
Berecki-Gisolf
Institute for Safety, Compensation and Recovery Research, Monash University, Victoria.
Behrooz
B
Hassani-Mahmooei
Monash Injury Research Institute, Monash University, Victoria.
Angela
A
Clapperton
Harvard Injury Control Research Center, Harvard School of Population Health, Massachusetts, USA.
Roderick
R
McClure
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000506:poisoning*; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002423:Cause of Death; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D062787:Drug Overdose / Q000401:mortality*; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D057970:Inappropriate Prescribing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000506:poisoning / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010098:Oxycodone / Q000506:poisoning / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D055553:Prescription Drugs / Q000506:poisoning / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D055553:Prescription Drugs; D009020:Morphine; D010098:Oxycodone
drug overdose; pharmacoepidemiology; prescription opioids