Characterization of a new ionophore-based ion-selective electrode for the potentiometric determination of creatinine in urine.
The optimization, analytical characterization and validation of a novel ion-selective electrode for the highly sensitive and selective determination of creatinine in urine is presented. A newly synthesized calix[4]pyrrole-based molecule is used as an ionophore for the enhanced recognition of creatininium cations. The calculation of the complex formation constants in the polymeric membrane with creatininium, potassium and sodium confirms the strong selective interactions between the ionophore and the target. The optimization of the potentiometric sensor presented here yields an outstanding analytical performance, with a linear range that spans from 1µM to 10mM and limit of detection of 10-6.2M. The calculation of the selectivity coefficients against most commonly found interferences also show significant improvements when compared to other sensors already reported. The performance of this novel sensor is tested by measuring creatinine in real urine samples (N=50) and comparing the values against the standard colorimetric approach (Jaffé's reaction). The results show that this sensor allows the fast and accurate determination of creatinine in real samples with minimal sample manipulation.
Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), C/ Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
Tomàs
T
Guinovart
Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
Daniel
D
Hernández-Alonso
Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK.
Louis
L
Adriaenssens
Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), C/ Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
Pascal
P
Blondeau
Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), C/ Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
F Xavier
FX
Rius
Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
Pablo
P
Ballester
Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), C/ Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. Electronic address: franciscojavier.andrade@urv.cat.
Francisco J
FJ
Andrade
D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D047250:Calixarenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D017736:Ion-Selective Electrodes; D007476:Ionophores / Q000737:chemistry; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000737:chemistry*; D011199:Potentiometry / Q000295:instrumentation*
D007476:Ionophores; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011166:Porphyrins; C469811:calix(4)pyrrole; D047250:Calixarenes; D003404:Creatinine
Calix[4]pyrrole; Creatinine; Ion-selective electrode; Ionophore; Membrane; Potentiometry; Sensor