Conductance fluctuations in high mobility monolayer graphene: Nonergodicity, lack of determinism and chaotic behavior.
We have fabricated a high mobility device, composed of a monolayer graphene flake sandwiched between two sheets of hexagonal boron nitride. Conductance fluctuations as functions of a back gate voltage and magnetic field were obtained to check for ergodicity. Non-linear dynamics concepts were used to study the nature of these fluctuations. The distribution of eigenvalues was estimated from the conductance fluctuations with Gaussian kernels and it indicates that the carrier motion is chaotic at low temperatures. We argue that a two-phase dynamical fluid model best describes the transport in this system and can be used to explain the violation of the so-called ergodic hypothesis found in graphene.
Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.
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da Cunha
Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.
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Mineharu
Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.
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Matsunaga
Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.
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Matsumoto
Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.
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Chuang
Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.
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Ochiai
School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-Si, South Korea.
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Kim
Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan.
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Watanabe
Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan.
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Taniguchi
School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, US.
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Ferry
Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.
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Aoki