Making anti-cytokine therapy more selective: Studies in mice.
Cytokines are involved in a wide range of functions shaping the normal immune response, yet inflammatory changes in the immune system due to dysregulated cytokine signaling may lead to the induction of autoimmunity. Cytokine inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of many autoimmune diseases in recent years. Systemic cytokine ablation, however, is often associated with the development of adverse side effects and some patients simply do not respond to therapy. TNF, IL-1 and IL-6 are the best characterized proinflammatory cytokines considered as the main therapeutic targets for the treatment of several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. But can anti-cytokine therapy become more selective and thus more efficient? This mini-review discusses several recently emerging paradigms and summarizes current experimental attempts to validate them in mouse studies.
Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
Marina S
MS
Drutskaya
Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia; National Scientific Center for Hematology, Moscow 125167, Russia; Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia.
Grigory A
GA
Efimov
Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia.
Irina V
IV
Astrakhantseva
Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia; Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 199991, Russia; German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Berlin 10117, Germany.
Andrei A
AA
Kruglov
Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia; Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 199991, Russia; German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Berlin 10117, Germany. Electronic address: sergei@nedos.net.
Sergei A
SA
Nedospasov
D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007249:Inflammation / Q000628:therapy; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051379:Mice; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors
D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors
Anti-cytokine therapy; Autoimmunity and inflammation; MYSTI