Cardiometabolic disease in South Asians: A global health concern in an expanding population.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. As an emerging population, South Asians (SAs) bear a disproportionately high burden of CVD relative to underlying classical risk factors, partly attributable to a greater prevalence of insulin resistance and diabetes and distinct genetic and epigenetic influences. While the phenotypic distinctions between SAs and other ethnicities in CVD risk are becoming increasingly clear, the biology of these conditions remains an area of active investigation, with emerging studies involving metabolism, genetic variation and epigenetic modifiers (e.g., extracellular RNA). In this review, we describe the current literature on prevalence, prognosis and CVD risk in SAs, and provide a landscape of translational research in this field toward ameliorating CVD risk in SAs.
Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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Das
Department of Medicine and Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.
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Ambale-Venkatesh
Department of Medicine and Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.
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Lima
Department of Cardiology, UMass Memorial Health Care, MA, USA.
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Freedman
Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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Spahillari
The John Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.
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Das
Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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Das
Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: rshah1@bidmc.harvard.edu.
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Shah
Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. Electronic address: vlmurthy@med.umich.edu.
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Murthy
D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics; D009765:Obesity / Q000208:ethnology; D010641:Phenotype; D011158:Population Growth; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
Adipokines; Cardiovascular disease; Diabetes; Genetics and epigenetics; Metabolic syndrome; Subclinical cardiovascular disease