Progress and opportunities for immune therapeutics in osteosarcoma.
Survival outcomes for osteosarcoma have plateaued since the 1980s, and patients with relapsed or refractory disease have a particularly dismal outcome. Treatment options for these patients are limited primarily due to the paucity of effective therapeutics. Immune therapies such as tumor vaccines and traditional antigen-targeted monoclonal antibodies have had limited success in solid tumors. The recent discovery of novel immune checkpoint blockade strategies and their success in adult cancers has revitalized the use of immunotherapy strategies for the treatment of solid tumors. This paper summarizes existing data supporting the use of immune therapies in osteosarcoma and the progress of this class of drugs in osteosarcoma therapy.
Children's Hospital & Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
Christina K
CK
Lettieri
School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
Nicole
N
Appel
School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
Nicole
N
Labban
School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
Danielle M
DM
Lussier
School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
Joseph N
JN
Blattman
Center for Cancer & Blood Disorders, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA.
Pooja
P
Hingorani
D000328:Adult; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D061025:Costimulatory and Inhibitory T-Cell Receptors / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D016019:Survival Analysis
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D061025:Costimulatory and Inhibitory T-Cell Receptors; C503042:GPNMB protein, human; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins
clinical trials; immune checkpoint inhibitors; immune tolerance; immunotherapy; osteosarcoma