Metabolic Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Correlated Glycemic Control/Complications: A Cross-Sectional Study between Rural and Urban Uygur Residents in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
BACKGROUND
Diabetes is a major global public health problem driven by a high prevalence of metabolic risk factors.


OBJECTIVE
To describe the differences of metabolic risk factors of type 2 diabetes, as well as glycemic control and complicated diabetic complications between rural and urban Uygur residents in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China.


METHODS
This comparative cross-sectional study, conducted among 2879 urban and 918 rural participants in Xinjiang, China, assessed the metabolic risk factors of diabetes and related complications differences between urban and rural settlements.


RESULTS
Compared to rural areas, urban participants had higher education level and more average income, little physical activity, less triglycerides and higher HDL-c (p < 0.05 respectively). Differences in metabolic risk factors by urban/rural residence included overweight or obesity, triglycerides (≥1.71mmol/l), HDL-c (< 1.04 mmol/l), alcohol intake, and physical inactivity (p < 0.01 respectively). There was significant difference regarding the prevalence of HbA1c >8% (48.1% versus 54.5%, p = 0.019) between rural and urban diabetic participants. No significant difference in the prevalence of type 2 diabetic complications between urban and rural participants (74.9% versus 72.2%; p = 0.263) was detected. Compared to rural participants, the most prevalent modifiable risk factors associated with diabetic complications in urban participants were obesity (BMI ≥ 28 Kg/m2), HDL-c (< 1.04 mmol/l), physical inactivity and irregular eating habits (p = 0.035, p = 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.013, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
Urban settlers were significantly more likely to have metabolic risk factors highlighting the need for public health efforts to improve health outcomes for these vulnerable populations. Diabetes related complications risk factors were prevalent amongst rural and urban diabetes settlers.
Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
Guo-Li
GL
Du
The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Metabolic Disease, Clinical Medical Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
Yin-Xia
YX
Su
The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Metabolic Disease, Clinical Medical Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
Hua
H
Yao
Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
Jun
J
Zhu
The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Metabolic Disease, Clinical Medical Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
Qi
Q
Ma
Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
Ablikm
A
Tuerdi
Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
Xiao-Dong
XD
He
The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Metabolic Disease, Clinical Medical Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
Li
L
Wang
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
Zhi-Qiang
ZQ
Wang
Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
Shan
S
Xiao
Department of Health Check Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
Shu-Xia
SX
Wang
Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
Li-Ping
LP
Su
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult
D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids