Effects of latitude and weather conditions on proanthocyanidins in berries of Finnish wild and cultivated sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L. ssp. rhamnoides).
Sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides ssp. rhamnoides) of varieties 'Terhi' and 'Tytti' and one of wild origin were cultivated in southern and northern Finland, harvested during 2007-2013. Proanthocyanidins (PAs) were analyzed with HILIC UPLC-ESI-MS. The southern and northern samples were separated in the partial least squares discriminant analysis model (four factors, R(2) 0.75, Q(2) 0.70). The total PAs were more abundant in berries from the north (610-970mg/100gDW) than in those from the south (340-450mg/100gDW) (p<0.05). In northern Finland, the length of the growth season as well as the temperature sum and radiation sum of the growth season until harvest were negatively correlated with the total PAs in all the samples but positively with PA oligomers in 'Tytti' and 'Terhi'. In southern Finland no respective correlations were seen. 'Terhi' and 'Tytti' had different trends in the content of total PA and oligomers in overripe stages.
Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Finland.
Wei
W
Yang
Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Finland.
Oskar
O
Laaksonen
Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Finland; The Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
Heikki
H
Kallio
Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: baoru.yang@utu.fi.
Baoru
B
Yang
D000531:Altitude; D005387:Finland; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D031281:Hippophae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000032:analysis*; D012621:Seasons; D014887:Weather
D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins
HILIC; Hippophaë rhamnoides; Latitude; Overripe; Proanthocyanidins; Sea buckthorn; Varieties; Weather conditions; ssp. rhamnoides