Extract of Ganoderma formosanum Mycelium as a Highly Potent Tyrosinase Inhibitor.
In this study, the inhibitory effect of Ganoderma formosanum mycelium extracts on tyrosinase, the central regulatory enzyme being responsible for cutaneous pigmentation, was investigated in both cell-free and cellular enzymatic systems, as well as in phenotype-based zebrafish model. Bioassay-guided purification indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction of G. fromosanum mycelium ethanolic extract (GFE-EA) demonstrated the highest inhibition toward cell-free tyrosinase (IC50 = 118.26 ± 13.34 ppm). The secreted and intracellular melanin of B16-F10 cells were reduced by GFE-EA through suppression of tyrosinase activity (IC50 = 102.27 ± 9.49 ppm) and its protein expression. Moreover, GFE-EA decreased surface pigmentation level of zebrafish via down-regulation of tyrosinase activity. Most of all, there is no significant difference in morphology and mortality between control and GFE-EA treated groups. Not only does GFE-EA exhibit similar depigmenting efficacy to kojic acid with lower dosage (approximately one-seventh of dose), but show less toxicity to zebrafish. It is worth noting that GFE-EA is extracted from mycelium, which subverts the general concept that mycelium lacks certain bioactivities possessed by fruit bodies. Altogether, it would appear that GFE-EA has great potential for application in the cosmetics industry.
Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
Kai-Di
KD
Hsu
Graduate Institute of Food Science Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
Hong-Jhang
HJ
Chen
Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
Chi-Shin
CS
Wang
Graduate Institute of Food Science Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
Chi-Chin
CC
Lum
Graduate Institute of Food Science Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
Shu-Pei
SP
Wu
Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
Shin-Ping
SP
Lin
Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Food Science Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.|Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Kuan-Chen
KC
Cheng
D000818:Animals; D001688:Biological Products / Q000494:pharmacology*; D032902:Ganoderma / Q000737:chemistry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D023421:Models, Animal; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D025282:Mycelium / Q000737:chemistry; D012880:Skin Pigmentation; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000378:metabolism*; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics
D001688:Biological Products; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase