Foot and ankle ability measure to measure functional limitations in patients with foot and ankle disorders: a Chinese cross-cultural adaptation and validation.
To perform a cultural adaptation and validation study (internal and external) of the FAAM questionnaire to create the Chinese version of the questionnaire (FAAM-Ch).



Two independent professional native translators performed a translation from English to Chinese and reverse translation. Psychometric properties analysis: Internal consistency of measure was analysed through the Cronbach's α coefficients. After extraction by maximum likelihood (EML), the structure factor and construct validity was analysed; to extract a factor, it was necessary to complete the following three requirements: ≥10% of variance, Eigenvalue >1.0 and scree plot inflection point. Standard error measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change 90 (MDC90) were calculated. FFI-Taiwan version, SF12v2, and EuroQol5D were used for criterion validity analysis.



The internal consistency (Cronbach's α) for specific FAAM-Ch subscales was 0.879 (ADL) and 0.901 (Sport); test-retest analysis (interclass correlation) item ranging between 0.758 and 0.970 (ADL: 0758-0946; Sport: 0.911-0.970). Measures error: 3.449% (MDC90) and 1.478% (SEM). Chi-squared value =15228.74 and gl 406) (p < 0.001) and the Kaiser-Meyer-Oklin values (0.919). The correlation level with the FFI is strong, with SF12v2 is between poor and strong and with EuroQoL5d is between moderate and strong Conclusions: FAAM-Chinese version has satisfactory "transversal" psychometric properties, facilitating the inclusion of FAAM-Chinese into research and clinical practice. Implications for Rehabilitation Cross-cultural adaptation of the FAAM-Ch has been performed from the original version. The psychometric properties of the FAAM-Ch indicate satisfactory and consistent results (particularly in the internal consistence, reliability and criterion validity) with the original version. FAAM-Ch can be used by Chinese speaking clinicians and researches.
a Departamento Ciencias de la Salud. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Jaén , Málaga , Spain.
Manuel
M
González-Sánchez
b Department of traditional Chinese medicine , Inner Mongolia Medical University , Hohhot , inner Mongolia , China.
Guang Zhi
GZ
Li
c Departamento de Enfermería y Podología , Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga , Málaga , Spain.
Maria
M
Ruiz Muñoz
d Departamento de psiquiatria y fisioterapia , Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga , Málaga , Spain.|e School of Clinical Sciences at Queensland University , Brisbane , Australia.
Antonio I
AI
Cuesta-Vargas
D000328:Adult; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating
Chinese version; Foot; Patient Outcome Reported Measures; ankle; assessment; validation