Skeletal muscle imaging in neuromuscular disease.
Skeletal muscle imaging is increasingly used as a complement to clinical and electrophysiological examination in neuromuscular disease. Ultrasound and MRI have developed as the modalities of choice, each with strengths and limitations. Characteristic changes of muscle denervation and myopathy are seen on imaging which may delineate the nature of the disease process or help guide muscle biopsy. Identifying patterns of muscle involvement in hereditary myopathies may inform genetic testing. This review discusses skeletal muscle imaging in neuromuscular disease focusing on practical applications of current and emerging ultrasound and MRI techniques.
St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Level 5 deLacy Building, St Vincent's Hospital, Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: n.simon@unsw.edu.au.
Neil G
NG
Simon
Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Yu-Ichi
YI
Noto
Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
Craig M
CM
Zaidman
D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009468:Neuromuscular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*
Denervation; MRI; Muscle imaging; Myopathy; Neuromuscular disease; Ultrasound