Current techniques in rice mill effluent treatment: Emerging opportunities for waste reuse and waste-to-energy conversion.
Rice mills release huge volumes of wastewater and other by-products when processing paddy rice. The wastewater often contains toxic inorganic and organic contaminants which cause environmental damage when released. Accordingly, cost-effective techniques for removing contaminants are needed. This article reviews current processes for curbing pollution and also reusing and recycling waste products. Novel techniques exist for converting waste products into energy and value-added products.
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India. Electronic address: anujibt@gmail.com.
Anuj
A
Kumar
Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India.
Rashmi
R
Priyadarshinee
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India.
Abhishek
A
Roy
Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India.
Dalia
D
Dasgupta
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India. Electronic address: tamal_mandal@yahoo.com.
Tamal
T
Mandal
D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D059027:Recycling; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
D007220:Industrial Waste; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
Bio-hydrogen; Parboiled rice; Rice mill wastewater; Value-added products