Organization, Function, and Therapeutic Targeting of the Morbillivirus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Complex.
The morbillivirus genus comprises major human and animal pathogens, including the highly contagious measles virus. Morbilliviruses feature single stranded negative sense RNA genomes that are wrapped by a plasma membrane-derived lipid envelope. Genomes are encapsidated by the viral nucleocapsid protein forming ribonucleoprotein complexes, and only the encapsidated RNA is transcribed and replicated by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). In this review, we discuss recent breakthroughs towards the structural and functional understanding of the morbillivirus polymerase complex. Considering the clinical burden imposed by members of the morbillivirus genus, the development of novel antiviral therapeutics is urgently needed. The viral polymerase complex presents unique structural and enzymatic properties that can serve as attractive candidates for druggable targets. We evaluate distinct strategies for therapeutic intervention and examine how high-resolution insight into the organization of the polymerase complex may pave the path towards the structure-based design and optimization of next-generation RdRp inhibitors.
Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Av, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. jsourimant@gsu.edu.
Julien
J
Sourimant
Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Av, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. rplemper@gsu.edu.
Richard K
RK
Plemper
D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D018103:Morbillivirus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*; D012324:RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*
D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D012324:RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase
antiviral drug; measles virus; morbillivirus; polymerase inhibitor; viral polymerase