Biological function of unique sulfated glycosaminoglycans in primitive chordates.
Glycosaminoglycans with unique sulfation patterns have been identified in different species of ascidians (sea squirts), a group of marine invertebrates of the Phylum Chordata, sub-phylum Tunicata (or Urochordata). Oversulfated dermatan sulfate composed of [4-α-L-IdoA-(2-O-SO3)-1→ 3-β-D-GalNAc(4-OSO3)-1]nrepeating disaccharide units is found in the extracellular matrix of several organs, where it seems to interact with collagen fibers. This dermatan sulfate co-localizes with a decorin-like protein, as indicated by immunohistochemical analysis. Low sulfated heparin/heparan sulfate-like glycans composed mainly of [4-α-L-IdoA-(2-OSO3)-1→ 4-α-D-GlcN(SO3)-1(6-O-SO3)-1]nand [4-α-L-IdoA-(2-O-SO3)-1→ 4-α-D-GlcN(SO3)-1]nhave also been described in ascidians. These heparin-like glycans occur in intracellular granules of oocyte assessory cells, named test cells, in circulating basophil-like cells in the hemolymph, and at the basement membrane of different ascidian organs. In this review, we present an overview of the structure, distribution, extracellular and intracellular localization of the sulfated glycosaminoglycans in different species and tissues of ascidians. Considering the phylogenetic position of the subphylum Tunicata in the phylum Chordata, a careful analysis of these data can reveal important information about how these glycans evolved from invertebrate to vertebrate animals.
Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.|Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Reims, Champagne- Ardenne, Reims, France.|Programa de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo De Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Janeiro, Brazil.|Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, UFRJ, 4o andar, sala 4A-08 - Rua Rodolpho P. Rocco, 255, - Cidade Universitárioa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-913, Brazil.|Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Hospital Naval Marcílio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Konstantina
K
Karamanou
Grupo Productos Naturales Marinos, Universidad de Antioquia, Medelin, Colombia.
Diana Carolina Restrepo
DCR
Espinosa
Programa de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo De Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Janeiro, Brazil.|Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, UFRJ, 4o andar, sala 4A-08 - Rua Rodolpho P. Rocco, 255, - Cidade Universitárioa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-913, Brazil.|Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Hospital Naval Marcílio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.|Divisão de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Traumatologia e Ortopedia (INTO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Anneliese
A
Fortuna-Costa
Programa de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo De Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Janeiro, Brazil. mpavao@hucff.ufrj.br.|Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, UFRJ, 4o andar, sala 4A-08 - Rua Rodolpho P. Rocco, 255, - Cidade Universitárioa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-913, Brazil. mpavao@hucff.ufrj.br.|Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Hospital Naval Marcílio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. mpavao@hucff.ufrj.br.
Mauro Sérgio Gonçalves
MSG
Pavão
D000825:Animal Structures / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry; D058575:Decorin / Q000737:chemistry; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D014561:Urochordata / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*
D058575:Decorin; D004187:Disaccharides; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate; D003094:Collagen
Ascidians; Dermatan sulfate; Glycosaminoglycans; Heparin/heparan sulfate; Invertebrates; Primitive chordates