Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of Needs Based Biopsychosocial Distress Instrument for Cancer Patients (CANDI).
BACKGROUND
Needs based biopsychosocial distress instrument for cancer patients (CANDI) is a scale based on needs arising due to the effects of cancer.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this research was to determine the reliability and validity of the CANDI scale in the Turkish language.


METHODS
The study was performed with the participation of 172 cancer patients aged 18 and over. Factor analysis (principal components analysis) was used to assess construct validity. Criterion validities were tested by computing Spearman correlation between CANDI and hospital anxiety depression scale (HADS), and brief symptom inventory (BSI) (convergent validity) and quality of life scales (FACT-G) (divergent validity). Test-retest reliabilities and internal consistencies were measured with intraclass correlation (ICC) and Cronbach-α.


RESULTS
A three-factor solution (emotional, physical and social) was found with factor analysis. Internal reliability (α = 0.94) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.87) were significantly high. Correlations between CANDI and HADS (rs = 0.67), and BSI (rs = 0.69) and FACT-G (rs = -0.76) were moderate and significant in the expected direction.


CONCLUSIONS
CANDI is a valid and reliable scale in cancer patients with a three-factor structure (emotional, physical and social) in the Turkish language.
Department of Public Health, Karadeniz Technical University Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey.
Nazim Ercument
NE
Beyhun
Department of Public Health, Karadeniz Technical University Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey.
Gamze
G
Can
Department of Psychiatry, Karadeniz Technical University Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey.
Ahmet
A
Tiryaki
Department of Public Health, Karadeniz Technical University Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey.
Serdar
S
Karakullukcu
Department of Public Health, Karadeniz Technical University Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey.
Bekir
B
Bulut
Department of Public Health, Karadeniz Technical University Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey.
Sehbal
S
Yesilbas
Department of Internal Medicine/Medical Oncology, Karadeniz Technical University Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey.
Halil
H
Kavgaci
Department of Public Health, Karadeniz Technical University Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey.
Murat
M
Topbas
Cancer; Need; Psychological Stress; Reliability; Validity