Infantile hemangiomas, complications and treatments.
Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most common vascular tumors of infancy. While the majority regress without the need for intervention, approximately 10%, often site dependent, can cause serious complications and require treatment. IH complications can be categorized as life threatening, obstructive, ulcerative or disfiguring. Life threatening complications include airway and hepatic IHs. Functional complications obstructing vital structures or impairing function include periocular, nasal, labial, parotid, auricular, and breast IHs. Local complications arise from ulceration or those in cosmetically sensitive areas. Therapeutic options for complicated IHs include pharmacologic (topical or systemic), surgical, or laser interventions. Topical agents are best employed for small, superficial, and localized IHs; while systemic therapy is reserved for larger IHs and those with more aggressive growth characteristics with propranolol as first-line therapy.
Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA. carolerincheng@gmail.com.
Carol Erin
CE
Cheng
Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA.|School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.|Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, LaJolla, California, USA.
Sheila Fallon
SF
Friedlander
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004954:Esthetics; D005153:Facial Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D053685:Laser Therapy; D011433:Propranolol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D012883:Skin Ulcer / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D013999:Timolol / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D013999:Timolol; D011433:Propranolol
airway IH; auricular IH; breast IH; infantile hemangiomas; lip IH; multiple cutaneous hemangiomas; nasal IH; parotid IH; periocular IH; propranolol; timolol; ulcerated IH