Impact of the Spanish smoking legislations in the adoption of smoke-free rules at home: a longitudinal study in Barcelona (Spain).
To assess the impact of two Spanish smoking legislations in the adoption of voluntary smoke-free-homes rules in Spain.



This is a longitudinal study, before and after the implementation of two national smoking bans (in 2005 and 2010), in a representative sample (n=1245) of non-institutionalised adults (≥16 years) from Barcelona (Spain) surveyed in 2004-2005 and followed up in 2013-2014. The final sample analysed was 736 individuals (400 women and 336 men). We defined smoking rules in the houses as complete (when smoking was not allowed in the household), partial (when smoking was allowed in some places inside the house) or absent (when smoking was allowed everywhere). We calculated relative changes in the prevalence of smoking rules in homes before and after 2 national smoking legislations by means of prevalence ratios (PRs) and their 95% CIs.



The households with voluntary smoke-free rules (complete or partial) relatively increased 31% after Spanish smoking bans (from 55.6% to 72.6%, p<0.001). The houses with complete rules relatively increased 57% (from 23.9% to 37.6%, p<0.001) whereas the houses with partial rules increased 11% (from 31.7% to 35.0%, p=0.148). The increase of any type of rules (complete and partial) was statistically significantly independent of sex (PR between 1.29 and 1.33), age (PR between 1.24 and 1.33), educational level (PR between 1.19 and 1.47) and minimum age in house (PR between 1.12 and 1.40). However, this increase was statistically and significantly higher only among never smokers (PR=1.46) at baseline.



The implementation of the smoke-free regulations in public and work places in Spain was associated with an increasing of voluntary adoption of smoke-free rules in homes. According to our data, the Spanish smoking bans did not shift the tobacco consumption from public and work places to private places (homes).
Biostatistics Unit, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain.
Cristina
C
Lidón-Moyano
Biostatistics Unit, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain.|Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.|Cancer Prevention and Control Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
Jose M
JM
Martínez-Sánchez
Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.|Cancer Prevention and Control Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.|Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Marcela
M
Fu
Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.|Cancer Prevention and Control Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.|Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Catalan Network of Smoke-free Hospitals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.|Addictions Unit, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Montse
M
Ballbè
Biostatistics Unit, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain.
Juan Carlos
JC
Martín-Sánchez
Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.|Cancer Prevention and Control Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.|Medicine and Health Sciences School, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
Cristina
C
Martínez
Department of Ministry of Health, Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain.|Department of Public Health, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Esteve
E
Saltó
Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.|Cancer Prevention and Control Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.|Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Catalan Network of Smoke-free Hospitals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
Esteve
E
Fernández
D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012906:Smoke; D061845:Smoke-Free Policy; D012907:Smoking; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D013030:Spain; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017132:Workplace
D012906:Smoke; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
Prevention; Public policy; Secondhand smoke