Protein-Based Graphene Biosensors: Optimizing Artificial Chemoreception in Bilayer Lipid Membranes.
Proteinaceous moieties are critical elements in most detection systems, including biosensing platforms. Their potential is undoubtedly vast, yet many issues regarding their full exploitation remain unsolved. On the other hand, the biosensor formats with the higher marketability probabilities are enzyme in nature and electrochemical in concept. To no surprise, alternative materials for hosting catalysis within an electrode casing have received much attention lately to demonstrate a catalysis-coated device. Graphene and ZnO are presented as ideal materials to modify electrodes and biosensor platforms, especially in protein-based detection. Our group developed electrochemical sensors based on these nanomaterials for the sensitive detection of cholesterol using cholesterol oxidase incorporated in stabilized lipid films. A comparison between the two platforms is provided and discussed. In a broader sense, the not-so-remote prospect of quickly assembling a protein-based flexible biosensing detector to fulfill site-specific requirements is appealing to both university researchers and industry developers.
Laboratory of Simulation of Industrial Processes, Department of Industrial Management and Technology, School of Maritime and Industry, University of Piraeus, Piraeus 18534, Greece. csiontor@unipi.gr.
Christina G
CG
Siontorou
Laboratory of Simulation of Industrial Processes, Department of Industrial Management and Technology, School of Maritime and Industry, University of Piraeus, Piraeus 18534, Greece. kosnosgeo@gmail.com.
Konstantinos N
KN
Georgopoulos
Laboratory of Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens 15780, Greece. tzwrtzia85@hotmail.com.
Georgia-Paraskevi
GP
Nikoleli
Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece. nikolelis@chem.uoa.gr.
Dimitrios P
DP
Nikolelis
Laboratory of Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens 15780, Greece. stevekara@chem.uoa.gr.
Stefanos K
SK
Karapetis
Laboratory of Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens 15780, Greece. mar05059@marine.aegean.gr.
Spyridoula
S
Bratakou
ZnO nanowalls; biosensors; cholesterol oxidase; electrochemistry; graphene nanosheets; stabilized lipid films