Coinfection of hepatitis E virus and other hepatitis virus in Colombia and its genotypic characterization.
BACKGROUND
Hepatitis E virus has emerged as a public health problem, particularly in developing countries. The four genotypes identified in mammals include the G3 found in indigenous hepatitis in countries and regions with high porcine population, and the G1, associated with maternal deaths.


OBJECTIVE
To determine coinfection by hepatitis E virus and the circulating genotypes in Colombia in 1,097 samples using serological markers for hepatitis A, B and C.


METHODS
Serum samples of 1,097 patients from different regions of Colombia stored at the Laboratorio de Virología of the Instituto Nacional de Salud were selected to detect IgG and IgM anti-hepatitis E virus antibodies. The viral genomes of positive samples were amplified by RT-PCR, and the products were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed by comparing ORF2 sequences deposited in the GenBank.


RESULTS
IgG anti-hepatitis E virus antibodies were found in 278 samples, IgM in 62, and both markers in 64. Hepatitis E virus and hepatitis A virus coinfection determined by IgG anti-hepatitis E virus was 33.6% and 16.1% by IgM; hepatitis E virus and hepatitis B virus coinfection was 23.4% and 8.1%, and hepatitis E virus and hepatitis C virus coinfection was 35.4% and 5.83%, respectively. Among the 52 positive samples by PCR nine were sequenced and grouped within genotype 3A of the American porcine strain.


CONCLUSIONS
The highest seropositivity was observed for hepatitis A and E. The incidence of hepatitis E virus coinfection with other hepatotropic viruses indicated that this pathogen is more frequent than expected. The circulation of genotype 3A implies that this disease may occur in outbreaks and as zoonosis in Colombia.
Grupo de Virología, Dirección de Redes en Salud Pública, Subdirección Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. dpelaez@ins.gov.co.
Dioselina
D
Peláez
Daniel
D
Martínez-Vargas
Martha
M
Escalante-Mora
Mariel
M
Palacios-Vivero
Lady
L
Contreras-Gómez
D000818:Animals; D060085:Coinfection; D003105:Colombia; D005838:Genotype; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D016752:Hepatitis E virus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D006518:Hepatitis Viruses / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood*; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood*; D010802:Phylogeny; D013552:Swine; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000473:pathology*
D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M
Hepatitis E virus; coinfection; genotype; hepatitis A