Vitamin D deficiency in inflammatory bowel disease: prevalence and predictors in a Norwegian outpatient population.
OBJECTIVE
Vitamin D deficiency is common in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and to identify clinical and epidemiological variables associated with vitamin D deficiency in an outpatient population with IBD.


METHODS
Participants were recruited from nine hospitals in the southeastern and western regions of Norway as part of an observational, multicentre study from March 2013 to April 2014. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected by interview and from medical records. All analyses of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) were performed in the same laboratory.


RESULTS
In total, 49% (200/408) of the patients had a 25-OH-D concentration <50 nmol/L, including 53% (122/230) of the Crohn's disease (CD) patients and 44% (78/178) of the ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. In CD patients, disease activity, measured as the HBI, was inversely associated with vitamin D deficiency. No such association was observed with the Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI) scores in UC, but in UC patients, vitamin D deficiency was associated with elevated faecal calprotectin >100 mg/kg. In patients with CD, there were significantly more relapses during the previous year in patients with vitamin D deficiency.


CONCLUSIONS
Vitamin D deficiency was common, especially in CD, and was associated with increased disease activity, a relapsing disease course and higher inflammatory activity.
a Department of Research , Østfold Hospital Trust , Grålum , Norway.|b Department of Medicine , Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust , Drammen , Norway.|c Institute of Clinical Medicine , University of Oslo , Norway.
Svein Oskar
SO
Frigstad
c Institute of Clinical Medicine , University of Oslo , Norway.|d Department of Gastroenterology , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway.
Marte
M
Høivik
c Institute of Clinical Medicine , University of Oslo , Norway.|e Department of Gastroenterology , Akershus University Hospital , Lørenskog , Norway.
Jørgen
J
Jahnsen
f The Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway.
Sandra Rinne
SR
Dahl
c Institute of Clinical Medicine , University of Oslo , Norway.|g Department of Biostatistics , Oslo and Akershus University College , Oslo , Norway.
Milada
M
Cvancarova
h Department of Gastroenterology , Stavanger University Hospital , Stavanger , Norway.
Tore
T
Grimstad
i Department of Medicine , Ålesund Hospital Trust , Ålesund , Norway.
Ingrid Prytz
IP
Berset
j Department of Research and Development , Telemark Hospital Trust , Skien , Norway.
Gert
G
Huppertz-Hauss
c Institute of Clinical Medicine , University of Oslo , Norway.|k Department of Medicine , Innlandet Hospital Trust , Gjøvik , Norway.
Øistein
Ø
Hovde
l Department of Medicine , Innlandet Hospital Trust , Hamar , Norway.
Roald
R
Torp
c Institute of Clinical Medicine , University of Oslo , Norway.|m Department of Gastroenterology , Østfold Hospital Trust , Grålum , Norway.
Tomm
T
Bernklev
c Institute of Clinical Medicine , University of Oslo , Norway.|d Department of Gastroenterology , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway.
Bjørn
B
Moum
m Department of Gastroenterology , Østfold Hospital Trust , Grålum , Norway.|n Department of Health Sciences , Østfold University College , Fredrikstad , Norway.
Lars-Petter
LP
Jelsness-Jørgensen
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D010045:Outpatients; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
Inflammatory bowel disease; epidemiology; vitamin D deficiency