Lycopene: Heterogeneous Catalytic E/Z Isomerization and In Vitro Bioaccessibility Assessment Using a Diffusion Model.
Highly efficient heterogeneous catalytic E/Z isomerization of lycopene was achieved using an iodine-doped titanium dioxide (I-TiO2) catalyst prepared by sol-gel method. The effects of reaction temperature and reaction time were investigated in detail. The maximum total Z-ratio of lycopene exceeded 78% after 2 h of refluxing at 75 °C in ethyl acetate. Moreover, lycopene samples with a series of total Z-ratios were prepared and the bioaccessibility of these samples was estimated using a diffusion model, the results showed that the bioaccessibility of lycopene markedly increased conforming to a linear regression model with increasing of the total Z-ratio of lycopene from 3.6% to 78.5%. Furthermore, the specific role of the microstructure and melting point of 3.6% and 78.5% total Z-ratio of lycopene was also investigated to understand the probable mechanism for the enhanced bioaccessbility of (Z)-lycopenes.
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Wuxi, 214122, China.|College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural Univ, Daqing, 163319, China.
Qingrui
Q
Sun
School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ, Wuxi, 214122, China.
Cheng
C
Yang
School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ, Wuxi, 214122, China.
Jing
J
Li
School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ, Wuxi, 214122, China.
Husnain
H
Raza
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Wuxi, 214122, China. lianfu@jiangnan.edu.cn.|School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ, Wuxi, 214122, China. lianfu@jiangnan.edu.cn.|Natl. Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Wuxi, 214122, China. lianfu@jiangnan.edu.cn.
Lianfu
L
Zhang
D001682:Biological Availability; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002384:Catalysis; D004058:Diffusion; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007455:Iodine; D007536:Isomerism; D000077276:Lycopene; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D008954:Models, Biological; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013696:Temperature; D014025:Titanium
D010936:Plant Extracts; C009495:titanium dioxide; D002338:Carotenoids; D007455:Iodine; D014025:Titanium; D000077276:Lycopene
carotenoids; catalyst; iodine; titanium dioxide; tomato