Regulatory T cells in allergic diseases.
The pathogenesis of allergic diseases entails an ineffective tolerogenic immune response to allergens. Regulatory T (Treg) cells play a key role in sustaining immune tolerance to allergens, yet mechanisms by which Treg cells fail to maintain tolerance in patients with allergic diseases are not well understood. We review current concepts and established mechanisms regarding how Treg cells regulate different components of allergen-triggered immune responses to promote and maintain tolerance. We will also discuss more recent advances that emphasize the "dual" functionality of Treg cells in patients with allergic diseases: how Treg cells are essential in promoting tolerance to allergens but also how a proallergic inflammatory environment can skew Treg cells toward a pathogenic phenotype that aggravates and perpetuates disease. These advances highlight opportunities for novel therapeutic strategies that aim to re-establish tolerance in patients with chronic allergic diseases by promoting Treg cell stability and function.
Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatric, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif.
Magali
M
Noval Rivas
Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass. Electronic address: talal.chatila@childrens.harvard.edu.
Talal A
TA
Chatila
D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology*; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D012038:Regeneration; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*
C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors
Asthma; IL-4; T(H)2 cells; food allergy; forkhead box P3; regulatory T cells