Beneficial effect of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius tuber on experimental ulcerative colitis in rats.
BACKGROUND
The tuber of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson (Araceae), commonly called Suran or Jimmikand, has high medicinal value and is used ethnomedicinally for the treatment of different gastrointestinal and inflammatory disorders.


OBJECTIVE
The present study evaluated the effects of extracts of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius tubers on acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats.


METHODS
Wistar rats were orally administered methanol extract (APME) or aqueous extract (APAE) (250 and 500 mg/kg) or standard drug, prednisolone (PRDS) (4 mg/kg) for 7 days. On 6th day of treatment, UC was induced by transrectal instillation of 4% acetic acid (AA) and after 48 h colitis was assessed by measuring colitis parameters, biochemical estimations and histology of colon.


RESULTS
APME or APAE pretreatment significantly (p < .05-.001) prevented AA-induced reduction in body weight and increase in colitis parameters viz. stool consistency, colon weight/length ratio and ulcer score, area and index. Extracts treatment attenuated (p < .001) increase in alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in serum and myeloperoxidase activity and cytokines in colon tissue due to AA administration. Extracts treatment prevented AA-induced elevation in lipid peroxidation and decline in activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase and reduced-glutathione content (p < .05-.001) along with histopathological alterations. PRDS also showed similar ameliorative effect on colitis.


CONCLUSIONS
APME and APAE showed a preventive effect on UC, and ameliorated inflammation and oxidative damage in colon. The effects may be attributed to presence of phytochemicals, betulinic acid, β-sitosterol, and glucomannan. In conclusion, the tuber of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius exhibited an anticolitic effect through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action.
a National Research Institute for Ayurveda-Siddha Human Resource Development , Gwalior , Madhya Pradesh , India , (Under Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, New Delhi, India).|c Centre for Advanced Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University , Meerut , Uttar Pradesh , India.
Yadu Nandan
YN
Dey
b School of Studies in Biomedical Technology, Jiwaji University , Gwalior , Madhya Pradesh , India.
Garima
G
Sharma
a National Research Institute for Ayurveda-Siddha Human Resource Development , Gwalior , Madhya Pradesh , India , (Under Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, New Delhi, India).
Manish M
MM
Wanjari
c Centre for Advanced Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University , Meerut , Uttar Pradesh , India.|e Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University , Kaula Lumpur , Malaysia.
Dharmendra
D
Kumar
d Shriram Institute for Industrial Research , New Delhi , India.
Vinay
V
Lomash
a National Research Institute for Ayurveda-Siddha Human Resource Development , Gwalior , Madhya Pradesh , India , (Under Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, New Delhi, India).
Ankush D
AD
Jadhav
D019342:Acetic Acid; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D031056:Amorphophallus / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D035281:Plant Tubers; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000494:pharmacology; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D011239:Prednisolone; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D002374:Catalase; D009195:Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D005978:Glutathione; D019342:Acetic Acid
Suran; acetic acid; anti-inflammatory; antioxidant; betulinic acid