Emerging role of metabolic signaling in synovial joint remodeling and osteoarthritis.
Obesity and associated metabolic diseases collectively referred to as the metabolic syndrome increase the risk of skeletal and synovial joint diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA). The relationship between obesity and musculoskeletal diseases is complex, involving biomechanical, dietary, genetic, inflammatory, and metabolic factors. Recent findings illustrate how changes in cellular metabolism and metabolic signaling pathways alter skeletal development, remodeling, and homeostasis, especially in response to biomechanical and inflammatory stressors. Consequently, a better understanding of the energy metabolism of diarthrodial joint cells and tissues, including bone, cartilage, and synovium, may lead to new strategies to treat or prevent synovial joint diseases such as OA. This rationale was the basis of a workshop presented at the 2016 Annual ORS Meeting in Orlando, FL on the emerging role of metabolic signaling in synovial joint remodeling and OA. The topics we covered included (i) the relationship between metabolic syndrome and OA in clinical and pre-clinical studies; (ii) the effect of biomechanical loading on chondrocyte metabolism; (iii) the effect of Wnt signaling on osteoblast carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism with respect to bone anabolism; and (iv) the role of AMP-activated protein kinase in chondrocyte energetic and biomechanical stress responses in the context of cartilage injury, aging, and OA. Although challenges exist for measuring in vivo changes in synovial joint tissue metabolism, the findings presented herein provide multiple lines of evidence to support a central role for disrupted cellular energy metabolism in the pathogenesis of OA. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:2048-2058, 2016.
Departments of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering and Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, PO Box 173800, Bozeman, Montana, 59717-3800.
Ronald K
RK
June
VA San Diego Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.
Ru
R
Liu-Bryan
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
Fanxing
F
Long
Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St, MS 21, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104-5046.|Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Physiology, Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 825 NE 13th St, MS 21, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104-5046.
Timothy M
TM
Griffin
D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints / Q000378:metabolism*; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D016474:Weight-Bearing
D005973:Glutamine; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D005947:Glucose
bone; cartilage; metabolic syndrome; obesity; osteoarthritis