Genotoxicity, mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of carotenoids extracted from ionic liquid in multiples organs of Wistar rats.
The ionic liquid or melted salt 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium is an alternative process to extract natural pigments, such as carotenoids. Lycopene represents 80-90% of total of carotenoids presents in tomatoes and it has been widely studied due its potent antioxidant action. The aim of this study was to evaluate genotoxicity, mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of carotenoids extracted from ionic liquid using experimental model in vivo. For this purpose, a total of 20 male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups (n=5), as follows: control group; received a corresponding amount of corn oil for 7days by intragastric gavage (i.g.), ionic liquid group, received 10mgkg-1body weight for 7days by gavage; 10mg carotenoids group, received 10mgkg-1bw dissolved in corn oil for 7days by gavage and 500mg carotenoids group, received 500mgkg-1bw dissolved in corn oil for 7days by gavage. Rat liver treated with ionic liquid exhibited moderate histopathological changes randomly distributed in the parenchyma, such as cytoplasmic eosinophilia, apoptotic bodies, inflammatory infiltrate and focal necrosis. DNA damage was found in peripheral blood and liver cells of rats treated with ionic liquid or carotenoids at 500mg. An increase of micronucleated cells and 8-OhDG immunopositive cells were also detected in rats treated with carotenoids at 500mg. In summary, our results demonstrate that recommended dose for human daily intake of carotenoids extracted by ionic liquid did not induce genotoxicity, mutagenicity and cytotoxicity in multiple organs of rats.
Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, SP, Brazil.
Paula Martins
PM
Larangeira
Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, SP, Brazil.
Veridiana Vera
VV
de Rosso
Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, SP, Brazil.
Victor Hugo Pereira
VH
da Silva
Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, SP, Brazil.
Carolina Foot Gomes
CF
de Moura
Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: daribeiro@unifesp.br.
Daniel Araki
DA
Ribeiro
D000818:Animals; D015197:Carcinogenicity Tests; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000633:toxicity*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
C525963:1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium; D007093:Imidazoles; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D002338:Carotenoids
Genotoxicity; Ionic liquid; Lycopene; Mutagenicity; Rat