Prenatal and Postnatal Medical Conditions and the Risk of Brain Tumors in Children and Adolescents: An International Multicenter Case-Control Study.
Previous studies have evaluated the effect of medical diagnostic radiation on brain tumors. Recent cohort studies have reported an increased risk associated with exposure to head CT scans.



Information regarding medical conditions, including prenatal and postnatal exposure to medical diagnostic radiation, was obtained from CEFALO, a multicenter case-control study performed in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland through face-to-face interview. Eligible cases of childhood and adolescent brain tumors (CABT) were ages 7 to 19 years, diagnosed between January 1, 2004 and August 31, 2008, and living in the participating countries (n = 352). The cases were matched by age, sex, and region to 646 population-based controls.



Prenatal exposure to medical diagnostic radiation and postnatal exposure to X-rays were not associated with CABTs. A higher risk estimate of CABTs, although not statistically significant, was found for exposure to head CT scan (OR, 1.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.82-4.22). The associations with head injury, febrile seizure, fever in the first 12 weeks, and general anesthesia were close to unity.



Prenatal or postnatal medical conditions, including medical diagnostic radiation, were not associated with CABTs. On the basis of small numbers of exposed children, we observed a nonsignificant increased risk for CT scans of the head.



We have presented additional evidence, suggesting that exposure to head CT scan may be associated with the occurrence of CABTs. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(1); 110-5. ©2016 AACR.
Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. giorgio.tettamanti@ki.se.
Giorgio
G
Tettamanti
Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Xiaochen
X
Shu
Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Maral
M
Adel Fahmideh
Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France.
Joachim
J
Schüz
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.|University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Martin
M
Röösli
National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway.|The Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway.
Tore
T
Tynes
Department of Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Michael
M
Grotzer
Oncology Clinic, Finsen Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.|The Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Christoffer
C
Johansen
The Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway.|Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Oslo, Norway.
Lars
L
Klaeboe
Swiss Childhood Cancer Registry, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland.
Claudia E
CE
Kuehni
Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatric Oncology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Birgitta
B
Lannering
The Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Lisbeth S
LS
Schmidt
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.|University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Danielle
D
Vienneau
Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Maria
M
Feychting
D000293:Adolescent; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000009:adverse effects; D011181:Postnatal Care / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D000069079:Radiation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000009:adverse effects