Vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α gene polymorphisms and coronary collateral formation in patients with coronary chronic total occlusions.
BACKGROUND
We evaluated the association between two single nucleotide polymorphisms of the vascular endothelial growth factor gene and one of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α gene and the degree of coronary collateral formation in patients with a coronary chronic total occlusion.


METHODS
Totally, 98 patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease and a chronic total occlusion observed during coronary angiography were recruited. Genotyping of two vascular endothelial growth factor promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (-152G>A and -165C>T) and the C1772T single nucleotide polymorphism of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α were performed using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The presence and extent of collateral vessel filling was scored by blinded observers using the Rentrop grade.


RESULTS
We found no association between the vascular endothelial growth factor -152G>A, -165C>T and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α -1772C>T with the presence and filling of coronary collateral vessels. A history of percutaneous coronary intervention and transient ischaemic attack/cerebrovascular accident were associated with the presence of enhanced collateral vessel formation following binary logistic regression analysis.


CONCLUSIONS
The study findings suggest that coronary collateral formation is not associated with the tested polymorphic variants of vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease and the presence of a chronic total occlusion.
Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Centre, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, UK.
Vincent
V
Amoah
Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Centre, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, UK.
Benjamin
B
Wrigley
Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Centre, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, UK.
Eric
E
Holroyd
Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Centre, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, UK.
Andrew
A
Smallwood
Research Institute in Healthcare Science, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK.
Angel L
AL
Armesilla
Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK.
Alan
A
Nevill
Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Centre, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, UK.
James
J
Cotton
Cardiovascular; Rentrop grade; chronic total occlusion; gene polymorphism; hypoxia-inducible factor-1α; polymerase chain reaction; vascular endothelial growth factor